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Nurminen R, Afyounian E, Paunu N, Katainen R, Isomäki M, Nurminen A, Scaravilli M, Tolppanen J, Fey V, Kivinen A, Helén P, Välimäki N, Kesseli J, Aaltonen LA, Haapasalo H, Nykter M, Rautajoki KJ. Previously reported CCDC26 risk variant and novel germline variants in GALNT13, AR, and MYO10 associated with familial glioma in Finland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11562. [PMID: 38773237 PMCID: PMC11109329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Predisposing factors underlying familial aggregation of non-syndromic gliomas are still to be uncovered. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in four Finnish families with brain tumors to identify rare predisposing variants. A total of 417 detected exome variants and 102 previously reported glioma-related variants were further genotyped in 19 Finnish families with brain tumors using targeted sequencing. Rare damaging variants in GALNT13, MYO10 and AR were identified. Two families carried either c.553C>T (R185C) or c.1214T>A (L405Q) on GALNT13. Variant c.553C>T is located on the substrate-binding site of GALNT13. AR c.2180G>T (R727L), which is located on a ligand-binding domain of AR, was detected in two families, one of which also carried a GALNT13 variant. MYO10 c.4448A>G (N1483S) was detected in two families and c.1511C>T (A504V) variant was detected in one family. Both variants are located on functional domains related to MYO10 activity in filopodia formation. In addition, affected cases in six families carried a known glioma risk variant rs55705857 in CCDC26 and low-risk glioma variants. These novel findings indicate polygenic inheritance of familial glioma in Finland and increase our understanding of the genetic contribution to familial glioma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Nurminen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ebrahim Afyounian
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niina Paunu
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Isomäki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Nurminen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauro Scaravilli
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenni Tolppanen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vidal Fey
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni Kivinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauli Helén
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kesseli
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kirsi J Rautajoki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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2
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Fariña-Jerónimo H, Martín-Ramírez R, González-Fernández R, Medina L, de Vera A, Martín-Vasallo P, Plata-Bello J. Androgen deficiency is associated with a better prognosis in glioblastoma. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:57. [PMID: 38233838 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen receptor (AR) has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma; however, the implications of circulating testosterone levels in the biology of glioblastoma remain unknown. AIM This study aimed to analyze the association between circulating testosterone levels and the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. METHODS Forty patients with primary glioblastoma were included in the study. The main prognostic endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Circulating testosterone levels were used to determine the state of androgen deficiency (AD). AR expression was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Most of the patients showed AR expression, and it was mainly located in the cytoplasm, as well as in the nucleus of tumor cells. Patients with AD presented a better PFS than those patients with normal levels (252.0 vs. 135.0 days; p = 0.041). Furthermore, normal androgenic status was an independent risk factor for progression in a multivariate regression model (hazard ratio = 6.346; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Circulating testosterone levels are associated with the prognosis of glioblastoma because patients with AD show a better prognosis than those with normal androgenic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Fariña-Jerónimo
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Calle Ofra s/n La Cuesta, CP 38320, La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | - Lilian Medina
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonia de Vera
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Julio Plata-Bello
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Calle Ofra s/n La Cuesta, CP 38320, La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain.
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3
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Zalcman N, Larush L, Ovadia H, Charbit H, Magdassi S, Lavon I. Intracranial Assessment of Androgen Receptor Antagonists in Mice Bearing Human Glioblastoma Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:332. [PMID: 38203506 PMCID: PMC10779261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The median survival time of patients with an aggressive brain tumor, glioblastoma, is still poor due to ineffective treatment. The discovery of androgen receptor (AR) expression in 56% of cases offers a potential breakthrough. AR antagonists, including bicalutamide and enzalutamide, induce dose-dependent cell death in glioblastoma and glioblastoma-initiating cell lines (GIC). Oral enzalutamide at 20 mg/kg reduces subcutaneous human glioblastoma xenografts by 72% (p = 0.0027). We aimed to further investigate the efficacy of AR antagonists in intracranial models of human glioblastoma. In U87MG intracranial models, nude mice administered Xtandi (enzalutamide) at 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg demonstrated a significant improvement in survival compared to the control group (p = 0.24 and p < 0.001, respectively), confirming a dose-response relationship. Additionally, we developed a newly reformulated version of bicalutamide, named "soluble bicalutamide (Bic-sol)", with a remarkable 1000-fold increase in solubility. This reformulation significantly enhanced bicalutamide levels within brain tissue, reaching 176% of the control formulation's area under the curve. In the U87MG intracranial model, both 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg of Bic-sol exhibited significant efficacy compared to the vehicle-treated group (p = 0.0177 and p = 0.00364, respectively). Furthermore, combination therapy with 8 mg/kg Bic-sol and Temozolomide (TMZ) demonstrated superior efficacy compared to either Bic-sol or TMZ as monotherapies (p = 0.00706 and p = 0.0184, respectively). In the ZH-161 GIC mouse model, the group treated with 8 mg/kg Bic-sol as monotherapy had a significantly longer lifespan than the groups treated with TMZ or the vehicle (p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated the efficacy of androgen receptor antagonists in extending the lifespan of mice with intracranial human glioblastoma, suggesting a promising approach to enhance patient outcomes in the fight against this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomi Zalcman
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.Z.)
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Liraz Larush
- Casali Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Haim Ovadia
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Hanna Charbit
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.Z.)
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Casali Center, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Iris Lavon
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.Z.)
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
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4
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Gan X, Liu Y, Wang X. Targeting androgen receptor in glioblastoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104142. [PMID: 37742885 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are primary brain tumors that originate from glial stem cells or progenitor cells. There is a large difference in the incidence of glioblastoma between males and females. Studies revealed that the gender differences in the tumor may be attributable to the androgen receptor signaling axis. The incidence rate of glioblastoma in men is higher than that in women. Aberrant activation of the androgen receptor signaling pathway, or interactions between the androgen receptor signaling axis and other signaling axes promote the development of glioblastoma. Therefore, targeting the androgen receptor holds promise as a therapeutic approach for glioblastoma. This review investigates the dynamics of drug research into the treatment of glioblastoma by targeting the androgen receptor. The first finding in line with expectations is that androgen receptor antagonists, represented by enzalutamide, have been studied and shown to have anti-glioblastoma effects. In addition, it was found that the combination of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and androgen receptor antagonists resulted in better therapeutic outcomes than each of them alone. Similar results were obtained with the combination of an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor and an androgen receptor antagonist. In addition, four small molecule compounds have been shown to exert significant anti-glioblastoma effects by directly or indirectly targeting the androgen receptor. Expectantly, one of these small molecules, seviteronel, progressed to the phase II clinical trial stage. These findings suggest that targeting the androgen receptor for glioblastoma may be a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gan
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 13 Wuhe Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi key laboratory of marine drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 13 Wuhe Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi key laboratory of marine drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 13 Wuhe Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Xueni Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 13 Wuhe Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530200, China; Guangxi key laboratory of marine drugs, Institute of marine drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 13 Wuhe Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530200, China.
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5
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Dewdney B, Jenkins MR, Best SA, Freytag S, Prasad K, Holst J, Endersby R, Johns TG. From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:400. [PMID: 37857607 PMCID: PMC10587102 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a rare, and highly lethal form of brain cancer, poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance, and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients alike. Despite advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution, translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet need. This review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms, and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these pathways. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies, offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell surface. Combination strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical research. Moreover, gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Misty R Jenkins
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Krishneel Prasad
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre For Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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6
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Quintero JC, Díaz NF, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Cancer Stem Cells and Androgen Receptor Signaling: Partners in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15085. [PMID: 37894767 PMCID: PMC10606328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells exhibit self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and a high differentiation potential. These cells have been detected in every type of cancer, and different signaling pathways can regulate their maintenance and proliferation. Androgen receptor signaling plays a relevant role in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer, promoting cell growth and differentiation processes. However, in the case of prostate cancer stem cells, the androgen receptor negatively regulates their maintenance and self-renewal. On the other hand, there is evidence that androgen receptor activity positively regulates the generation of cancer stem cells in other types of neoplasia, such as breast cancer or glioblastoma. Thus, the androgen receptor role in cancer stem cells depends on the cellular context. We aimed to analyze androgen receptor signaling in the maintenance and self-renewal of different types of cancer stem cells and its action on the expression of transcription factors and surface markers associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Quintero
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
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7
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Katleba KD, Ghosh PM, Mudryj M. Beyond Prostate Cancer: An Androgen Receptor Splice Variant Expression in Multiple Malignancies, Non-Cancer Pathologies, and Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2215. [PMID: 37626712 PMCID: PMC10452427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants (SVs) in the progression of prostate cancer to the castration-resistant phenotype and their utility as a diagnostic. However, studies on AR expression in non-prostatic malignancies uncovered that AR-SVs are expressed in glioblastoma, breast, salivary, bladder, kidney, and liver cancers, where they have diverse roles in tumorigenesis. AR-SVs also have roles in non-cancer pathologies. In granulosa cells from women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, unique AR-SVs lead to an increase in androgen production. In patients with nonobstructive azoospermia, testicular Sertoli cells exhibit differential expression of AR-SVs, which is associated with impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, AR-SVs have been identified in normal cells, including blood mononuclear cells, neuronal lipid rafts, and the placenta. The detection and characterization of AR-SVs in mammalian and non-mammalian species argue that AR-SV expression is evolutionarily conserved and that AR-SV-dependent signaling is a fundamental regulatory feature in multiple cellular contexts. These discoveries argue that alternative splicing of the AR transcript is a commonly used mechanism that leads to an expansion in the repertoire of signaling molecules needed in certain tissues. Various malignancies appropriate this mechanism of alternative AR splicing to acquire a proliferative and survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D. Katleba
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (K.D.K.); (P.M.G.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (K.D.K.); (P.M.G.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, 4860 Y Street, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, 1 Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (K.D.K.); (P.M.G.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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8
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Li Y, Orahoske C, Salem F, Johnson A, Tannous C, Devole L, Zhang W, Lathia JD, Wang B, Su B. Lead Optimization of Androgen Receptor-HSP27 Disrupting Agents in Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5567-5583. [PMID: 37023333 PMCID: PMC11068032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis under the current standard treatment. It is critical to develop new approaches to selectively battle the disease. GBM sex differences suggest that an androgen receptor (AR) is a potential therapeutic target to treat AR-overexpressed GBM. Heat shock 27 kDa protein (HSP27) is a well-documented chaperone protein that stabilizes AR. Inhibition of HSP27 leads to AR degradation, indicating that HSP27 inhibitors could suppress AR activity in GBM. We have identified a lead HSP27 inhibitor that could induce AR degradation. Lead optimization resulted with two new derivatives (compounds 4 and 26) showing potent anti-GBM activity and improved drug distribution in comparison to the lead compound. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibit IC50s of 35 and 23 nM, respectively, to inhibit cell proliferation and also show significant activity to decrease the tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Cody Orahoske
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Fatma Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Aidyn Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Christia Tannous
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Lucas Devole
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, United States
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Arts and Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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9
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Schnöller LE, Piehlmaier D, Weber P, Brix N, Fleischmann DF, Nieto AE, Selmansberger M, Heider T, Hess J, Niyazi M, Belka C, Lauber K, Unger K, Orth M. Systematic in vitro analysis of therapy resistance in glioblastoma cell lines by integration of clonogenic survival data with multi-level molecular data. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 36906590 PMCID: PMC10007763 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive basic scientific, translational, and clinical efforts in the last decades, glioblastoma remains a devastating disease with a highly dismal prognosis. Apart from the implementation of temozolomide into the clinical routine, novel treatment approaches have largely failed, emphasizing the need for systematic examination of glioblastoma therapy resistance in order to identify major drivers and thus, potential vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention. Recently, we provided proof-of-concept for the systematic identification of combined modality radiochemotherapy treatment vulnerabilities via integration of clonogenic survival data upon radio(chemo)therapy with low-density transcriptomic profiling data in a panel of established human glioblastoma cell lines. Here, we expand this approach to multiple molecular levels, including genomic copy number, spectral karyotyping, DNA methylation, and transcriptome data. Correlation of transcriptome data with inherent therapy resistance on the single gene level yielded several candidates that were so far underappreciated in this context and for which clinically approved drugs are readily available, such as the androgen receptor (AR). Gene set enrichment analyses confirmed these results, and identified additional gene sets, including reactive oxygen species detoxification, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) signaling, and ferroptosis/autophagy-related regulatory circuits to be associated with inherent therapy resistance in glioblastoma cells. To identify pharmacologically accessible genes within those gene sets, leading edge analyses were performed yielding candidates with functions in thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin metabolism, glutathione synthesis, chaperoning of proteins, prolyl hydroxylation, proteasome function, and DNA synthesis/repair. Our study thus confirms previously nominated targets for mechanism-based multi-modal glioblastoma therapy, provides proof-of-concept for this workflow of multi-level data integration, and identifies novel candidates for which pharmacological inhibitors are readily available and whose targeting in combination with radio(chemo)therapy deserves further examination. In addition, our study also reveals that the presented workflow requires mRNA expression data, rather than genomic copy number or DNA methylation data, since no stringent correlation between these data levels could be observed. Finally, the data sets generated in the present study, including functional and multi-level molecular data of commonly used glioblastoma cell lines, represent a valuable toolbox for other researchers in the field of glioblastoma therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Emanuel Schnöller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Piehlmaier
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Felix Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Edward Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Selmansberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Heider
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BKFZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BKFZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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10
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The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054739. [PMID: 36902168 PMCID: PMC10003784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to survey, assess and respond to perturbations in their local environment is critical in their role of maintaining CNS homeostasis in health and disease. Microglia also have the capability of functioning in a heterogeneous manner depending on the nature of their local cues, as they can become activated on a spectrum from pro-inflammatory neurotoxic responses to anti-inflammatory protective responses. This review seeks to define the developmental and environmental cues that support microglial polarization towards these phenotypes, as well as discuss sexually dimorphic factors that can influence this process. Further, we describe a variety of CNS disorders including autoimmune disease, infection, and cancer that demonstrate disparities in disease severity or diagnosis rates between males and females, and posit that microglial sexual dimorphism underlies these differences. Understanding the mechanism behind differential CNS disease outcomes between men and women is crucial in the development of more effective targeted therapies.
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11
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Shi T, Yu H, Blair RH. Integrated regulatory and metabolic networks of the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic target prioritization. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2023; 22:sagmb-2022-0054. [PMID: 37988745 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Translation of genomic discovery, such as single-cell sequencing data, to clinical decisions remains a longstanding bottleneck in the field. Meanwhile, computational systems biological models, such as cellular metabolism models and cell signaling pathways, have emerged as powerful approaches to provide efficient predictions in metabolites and gene expression levels, respectively. However, there has been limited research on the integration between these two models. This work develops a methodology for integrating computational models of probabilistic gene regulatory networks with a constraint-based metabolism model. By using probabilistic reasoning with Bayesian Networks, we aim to predict cell-specific changes under different interventions, which are embedded into the constraint-based models of metabolism. Applications to single-cell sequencing data of glioblastoma brain tumors generate predictions about the effects of pharmaceutical interventions on the regulatory network and downstream metabolisms in different cell types from the tumor microenvironment. The model presents possible insights into treatments that could potentially suppress anaerobic metabolism in malignant cells with minimal impact on other cell types' metabolism. The proposed integrated model can guide therapeutic target prioritization, the formulation of combination therapies, and future drug discovery. This model integration framework is also generalizable to other applications, such as different cell types, organisms, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Shi
- University at Buffalo, Biostatistics, Buffalo, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Buffalo, USA
| | - Rachael Hageman Blair
- University at Buffalo, Biostatistics, Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Buffalo, USA
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12
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Parent EE, Fowler AM. Nuclear Receptor Imaging In Vivo-Clinical and Research Advances. J Endocr Soc 2022; 7:bvac197. [PMID: 36655003 PMCID: PMC9838808 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that function in normal physiology and play important roles in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Noninvasive imaging of nuclear receptors can be achieved using radiolabeled ligands and positron emission tomography (PET). This quantitative imaging approach can be viewed as an in vivo equivalent of the classic radioligand binding assay. A main clinical application of nuclear receptor imaging in oncology is to identify metastatic sites expressing nuclear receptors that are targets for approved drug therapies and are capable of binding ligands to improve treatment decision-making. Research applications of nuclear receptor imaging include novel synthetic ligand and drug development by quantifying target drug engagement with the receptor for optimal therapeutic drug dosing and for fundamental research into nuclear receptor function in cells and animal models. This mini-review provides an overview of PET imaging of nuclear receptors with a focus on radioligands for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor and their use in breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim E Parent
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Radiology, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Correspondence: Amy M. Fowler, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
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13
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Babi A, Menlibayeva K, Bex T, Doskaliev A, Akshulakov S, Shevtsov M. Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Malignant Brain Tumors: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5435. [PMID: 36358853 PMCID: PMC9659111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are conservative and ubiquitous proteins that are expressed both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and play an important role in cellular homeostasis, including the regulation of proteostasis, apoptosis, autophagy, maintenance of signal pathways, protection from various stresses (e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation, etc.). Therefore, HSPs are highly expressed in tumor cells, including malignant brain tumors, where they also associate with cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiochemotherapy. In the current review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of HSPs expression in CNS malignancies as well as the novel treatment approaches to modulate the chaperone levels through the application of inhibitors (as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment modalities). Indeed, for several proteins (i.e., HSP10, HSPB1, DNAJC10, HSPA7, HSP90), a direct correlation between the protein level expression and poor overall survival prognosis for patients was demonstrated that provides a possibility to employ them as prognostic markers in neuro-oncology. Although small molecular inhibitors for HSPs, particularly for HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 families, were studied in various solid and hematological malignancies demonstrating therapeutic potential, still their potential was not yet fully explored in CNS tumors. Some newly synthesized agents (e.g., HSP40/DNAJ inhibitors) have not yet been evaluated in GBM. Nevertheless, reported preclinical studies provide evidence and rationale for the application of HSPs inhibitors for targeting brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Babi
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Torekhan Bex
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidos Doskaliev
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Akshulakov
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Turan Ave., 34/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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14
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Simińska D, Korbecki J, Kojder K, Jeżewski D, Tarnowski M, Tomasiak P, Piotrowska K, Masztalewicz M, Kolasa A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Androgen Receptor Expression in the Various Regions of Resected Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumors and in an In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13004. [PMID: 36361793 PMCID: PMC9655141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant glioma, difficult to detect and with the lowest survival rates among gliomas. Its greater incidence among men and its higher survival rate among premenopausal women suggest that it may be associated with the levels of androgens. As androgens stimulate the androgen receptor (AR), which acts as a transcription factor, the aim of this study was the investigate the role of AR in the progression of GBM. The study was conducted on tissues collected from three regions of GBM tumors (tumor core, enhancing tumor region, and peritumoral area). In addition, an in vitro experiment was conducted on U-87 cells under various culture conditions (necrotic, hypoxic, and nutrient-deficient), mimicking the conditions in a tumor. In both of the models, androgen receptor expression was determined at the gene and protein levels, and the results were confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunohistochemistry. AR mRNA expression was higher under nutrient-deficient conditions and lower under hypoxic conditions in vitro. However, there were no differences in AR protein expression. No differences in AR mRNA expression were observed between the tested tumor structures taken from patients. No differences in AR mRNA expression were observed between the men and women. However, AR protein expression in tumors resected from patients was higher in the enhancing tumor region and in the peritumoral area than in the tumor core. In women, higher AR expression was observed in the peritumoral area than in the tumor core. AR expression in GBM tumors did not differ significantly between men and women, which suggests that the higher incidence of GBM in men is not associated with AR expression. In the group consisting of men and women, AR expression varied between the regions of the tumor: AR expression was higher in the enhancing tumor region and in the peritumoral area than in the tumor core, showing a dependence on tumor conditions (hypoxia and insufficient nutrient supply).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Tomasiak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Masztalewicz
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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15
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Enzalutamide Induces Apoptotic Insults to Human Drug-Resistant and -Sensitive Glioblastoma Cells via an Intrinsic Bax-Mitochondrion-Cytochrome C Caspase Cascade Activation Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196666. [PMID: 36235203 PMCID: PMC9572438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for treating GBM. However, drug resistance is still a challenging issue in GBM therapy. Our preliminary results showed upregulation of androgen receptor (AR) gene expression in human GBM tissues. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of enzalutamide, a specific inhibitor of the AR, on killing drug-resistant and -sensitive glioblastoma cells and the possible mechanisms. Data mining from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed upregulation of AR messenger (m)RNA and protein expressions in human GBM tissues, especially in male patients, compared to normal human brains. In addition, expressions of AR mRNA and protein in human TMZ-sensitive U87 MG and -resistant U87 MG-R glioblastoma cells were elevated compared to normal human astrocytes. Exposure of human U87 MG and U87 MG-R cells to enzalutamide concentration- and time-dependently decreased cell viability. As to the mechanism, enzalutamide killed these two types of glioblastoma cells via an apoptotic mechanism. Specifically, exposure to enzalutamide augmented enzyme activities of caspase-9 rather than those of caspase-8. Moreover, enzalutamide successively triggered an elevation in levels of the proapoptotic Bax protein, a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, cascade activation of caspases-3 and -6, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis in human TMZ-sensitive and -resistant glioblastoma cells. Pretreatment with Z-VEID-FMK, an inhibitor of caspase-6, caused significant attenuations in enzalutamide-induced morphological shrinkage, DNA damage, and apoptotic death. Taken together, this study showed that enzalutamide could significantly induce apoptotic insults to human drug-resistant and -sensitive glioblastoma cells via an intrinsic Bax-mitochondrion-cytochrome c-caspase cascade activation pathway. Enzalutamide has the potential to be a drug candidate for treating GBM by targeting the AR signaling axis.
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16
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Ashwini K, Shilpa S. Shetty, Ananthan Raghotham, Suchetha Kumari N., Praveen Kumar Shetty. Sex hormone receptors and glioblastoma. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i4.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the primary brain tumor of the central nervous system which is most common and the most aggressive of all other types of tumors. Current therapy for GBM involves surgical removal (excision) of the tumor followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant therapy with temozolomide. Despite the improvement in therapy for GBM, survival of the patients remains poor, only up to 1 year. Treatment for GBM is limited due to the presence of blood brain barrier which prevents the entry of molecules with molecular weight >500 Dalton. Various gene mutations or over expressions lead to GBM growth. Evidence from the earlier reports suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor is overexpressed in 60% of GBM. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested the involvement of sex hormones in the development and progression of GBM though the underlying mechanism of action of these hormones is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the role of sex hormones and their receptors, a contributing factor in the development of GBM
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17
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Park JH, Feroze AH, Emerson SN, Mihalas AB, Keene CD, Cimino PJ, de Lomana ALG, Kannan K, Wu WJ, Turkarslan S, Baliga NS, Patel AP. A single-cell based precision medicine approach using glioblastoma patient-specific models. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:55. [PMID: 35941215 PMCID: PMC9360428 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogeneous tumor made up of cell states that evolve over time. Here, we modeled tumor evolutionary trajectories during standard-of-care treatment using multi-omic single-cell analysis of a primary tumor sample, corresponding mouse xenografts subjected to standard of care therapy, and recurrent tumor at autopsy. We mined the multi-omic data with single-cell SYstems Genetics Network AnaLysis (scSYGNAL) to identify a network of 52 regulators that mediate treatment-induced shifts in xenograft tumor-cell states that were also reflected in recurrence. By integrating scSYGNAL-derived regulatory network information with transcription factor accessibility deviations derived from single-cell ATAC-seq data, we developed consensus networks that modulate cell state transitions across subpopulations of primary and recurrent tumor cells. Finally, by matching targeted therapies to active regulatory networks underlying tumor evolutionary trajectories, we provide a framework for applying single-cell-based precision medicine approaches to an individual patient in a concurrent, adjuvant, or recurrent setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah H Feroze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel N Emerson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anca B Mihalas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Wei-Ju Wu
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology, Biology, and Molecular Engineering Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Łysiak M, Trybuła M, Mudaisi M, Bratthäll C, Strandeus M, Milos P, Hallbeck M, Malmström A. The sex-dependent role of the androgen receptor in glioblastoma: results of molecular analyses. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3436-3451. [PMID: 35661403 PMCID: PMC9533693 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to analyse the androgen receptor (AR) in glioblastoma (GBM) due to the location of the AR gene on chromosome X, often reported with shorter survival and higher prevalence of GBM among males. Copy number (CN) and mRNA expression of AR were tested with droplet digital PCR in 91 fresh‐frozen GBM samples and 170 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples collected at Linköping University Hospital. The fresh‐frozen cohort was also subjected to pyrosequencing methylation analysis of 17 CpG sites in the AR promoter. Additionally, the gene expression of AR was analysed in the fresh‐frozen cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild‐type primary GBM (135 females and 219 males). The association of AR expression and overall survival (OS) was tested with Kaplan–Meier log rank analysis after dichotomisation by maximally selected rank statistics. We found that AR CN alterations were more common in female GBM. AR gene expression correlated with methylation levels of different CpG sites in males and females but there was no difference in expression between sexes. Survival analysis of TCGA cohort revealed the opposite effect of AR overexpression on OS of males and females, with high AR expression correlating with shorter OS in females and longer OS in males. Additional gene set enrichment analysis showed that AR expression correlated with DNA repair response, especially in the male group. In summary, we found that high AR gene expression in GBM exhibits sex‐dependent effects on patient survival, which, for males, is linked to DNA repair response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łysiak
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Małgorzata Trybuła
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Munila Mudaisi
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter Milos
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annika Malmström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Advanced Home Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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19
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Lee J, Troike K, Fodor R, Lathia JD. Unexplored Functions of Sex Hormones in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac002. [PMID: 35023543 PMCID: PMC8807164 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex impacts a wide array of molecular and cellular functions that impact organismal development and can influence disease trajectory in a variety of pathophysiological states. In nonreproductive cancers, epidemiological sex differences have been observed in a series of tumors, and recent work has identified previously unappreciated sex differences in molecular genetics and immune response. However, the extent of these sex differences in terms of drivers of tumor growth and therapeutic response is less clear. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, there is a male bias in incidence and outcome, and key genetic and epigenetic differences, as well as differences in immune response driven by immune-suppressive myeloid populations, have recently been revealed. GBM is a prototypic tumor in which cellular heterogeneity is driven by populations of therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that underlie tumor growth and recurrence. There is emerging evidence that GBM CSCs may show a sex difference, with male tumor cells showing enhanced self-renewal, but how sex differences impact CSC function is not clear. In this mini-review, we focus on how sex hormones may impact CSCs in GBM and implications for other cancers with a pronounced CSC population. We also explore opportunities to leverage new models to better understand the contribution of sex hormones vs sex chromosomes to CSC function. With the rising interest in sex differences in cancer, there is an immediate need to understand the extent to which sex differences impact tumor growth, including effects on CSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Katie Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - R’ay Fodor
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
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20
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Li Y, Dano R, Li C, Zhang W, Lathia JD, Wang B, Su B. Pharmacokinetic and brain distribution study of an anti-glioblastoma agent in mice by HPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5310. [PMID: 34981554 PMCID: PMC9008720 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previously compound I showed great anti-glioblastoma activity without toxicity in a mouse xenograft study. In this study, a sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to investigate the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of compound I in mice. The protein precipitation method was applied to extract the compound from mouse plasma and brain homogenates, and it was then separated using a Kinetex C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water (50:50, v/v). The analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring for the quantitative response of the compounds. The inter- and intra-day precisions were <8.29 and 3.85%, respectively, and the accuracy range was within ±7.33%. The method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of compound I in mouse plasma and brain tissue. The peak concentration in plasma was achieved within 1 h. The apparent elimination half-life was 4.06 h. The peak concentration of compound I in brain tissue was 0.88 μg/g. The results indicated that compound I was rapidly distributed and could cross the blood-brain barrier. The pharmacokinetic profile summarized provides valuable information for the further investigation of compound I as a potential anti-glioblastoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raina Dano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cathy Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Sex Differences in Glioblastoma—Findings from the Swedish National Quality Registry for Primary Brain Tumors between 1999–2018. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030486. [PMID: 35159938 PMCID: PMC8837060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex disparities in glioblastoma (GBM) have received increasing attention. Sex-related differences for several molecular markers have been reported, which could impact on clinical factors and outcomes. We therefore analyzed data on all patients with GBM reported to the Swedish National Quality Registry for Primary Brain Tumors, according to sex, with a focus on prognostic factors and survival. All glioma patients registered during 20 years, from 1 January 1999 until 31 December 2018, with SNOMED codes 94403, 94413, and 94423, were analyzed. Chi2-test, log-rank test, and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed. We identified 5243 patients, of which 2083 were females and 3160 males, resulting in a ratio of 1:1.5. We found sex related differences, with women having diagnostic surgery at a significantly higher age (p = 0.001). Women were also reported to have a worse preoperative performance status (PPS) (<0.001). There was no gender difference for the type of surgery performed. For women with radical surgery, overall survival was slightly better than for men (p = 0.045). The time period did not influence survival, neither for 1999–2005 nor 2006–2018, after temozolomide treatment was introduced (p = 0.35 and 0.10, respectively). In the multivariate analysis including sex, age, surgery, and PPS, a survival advantage was noted for women, but this was not clinically relevant (HR = 0.92, p = 0.006). For patients with GBM; sex-related differences in clinical factors could be identified in a population-based cohort. In this dataset, for survival, the only advantage noted was for women who had undergone radical surgery, although this was clinically almost negligible.
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22
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Zalcman N, Gutreiman M, Shahar T, Weller M, Lavon I. Androgen Receptor Activation in Glioblastoma Can Be Achieved by Ligand-Independent Signaling through EGFR-A Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10954. [PMID: 34681618 PMCID: PMC8535837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-mediated transcription factor that belongs to the superfamily of steroid receptors. AR is overexpressed in most glioblastomas and is a potential therapeutic target. In prostate and breast cancers, AR activation can be achieved also by a ligand-independent signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Considering its major role in glioblastoma, we explored whether EGFR is involved in AR signaling in this tumor. Analysis of mRNA expression in 28 glioblastoma samples with quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed a positive and significant correlation between AR and EGFR mRNA expression levels (R = 0.47, p = 0.0092), which was validated by The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (n = 671) analysis (R = 0.3, p = 0.00006). Using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, we showed that the transduced overexpression of EGFR or its variant EGFRvIII in the U87MG cells induced AR protein overexpression and nuclear translocation and Protein kinase B (AKT) S473 and AR S210/213 phosphorylation. The EGFR kinase inhibitor afatinib and the AKT inhibitor MK2206 reduced AR nuclear translocation. Afatinib diminished AKT phosphorylation at 30 min and 6 h in the EGFR- and EGFRvIII-overexpressing cells, respectively, and decreased AR phosphorylation in EGFR-overexpressing cells at 4 h. Afatinib or MK2206 combination therapy with the AR antagonist enzalutamide in the EGFR and EGFRvIII-overexpressing cells had synergistic efficacy. Our findings suggest that EGFR signaling is involved in AR activation in glioblastoma and buttresses the concept of combining an EGFR signaling inhibitor with AR antagonists as a potential glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomi Zalcman
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Neurology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Mijal Gutreiman
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Neurology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Tal Shahar
- The Laboratory for Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Shaare Zedek-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3235, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel;
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Iris Lavon
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Neurology Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.Z.); (M.G.)
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23
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Troike KM, Acanda de la Rocha AM, Alban TJ, Grabowski MM, Otvos B, Cioffi G, Waite KA, Barnholtz Sloan JS, Lathia JD, Guilarte TR, Azzam DJ. The Translocator Protein ( TSPO) Genetic Polymorphism A147T Is Associated with Worse Survival in Male Glioblastoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184525. [PMID: 34572751 PMCID: PMC8471762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) gene is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, which remains one of the most difficult tumors to treat. TSPO is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and binds cholesterol through its C-terminal domain. One frequent single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6971, which changes the alanine 147 into threonine (Ala147Thr), has been found in the C-terminal domain of the TSPO region and dramatically alters the affinity with which TSPO binds drug ligands. However, the potential association between the TSPO genetic variants and GBM clinical outcomes is not known. Here, we evaluated the effects of the Ala147Thr SNP localized in this TSPO region on biological, sex-specific, overall, and progression-free GBM survival. Our findings suggest an association between the TSPO rs6971 variant and adverse outcomes in male GBM patients but not in females. These findings also suggest that the TSPO rs6971 SNP could be used as a prognostic marker of survival in GBM patients. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, with few available therapies and a five-year survival rate of 7.2%. Hence, strategies for improving GBM prognosis are urgently needed. The translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) plays crucial roles in essential mitochondria-based physiological processes and is a validated biomarker of neuroinflammation, which is implicated in GBM progression. The TSPO gene has a germline single nucleotide polymorphism, rs6971, which is the most common SNP in the Caucasian population. High TSPO gene expression is associated with reduced survival in GBM patients; however, the relation between the most frequent TSPO genetic variant and GBM pathogenesis is not known. The present study retrospectively analyzed the correlation of the TSPO polymorphic variant rs6971 with overall and progression-free survival in GBM patients using three independent cohorts. TSPO rs6971 polymorphism was significantly associated with shorter overall survival and progression-free survival in male GBM patients but not in females in one large cohort of 441 patients. We observed similar trends in two other independent cohorts. These observations suggest that the TSPO rs6971 polymorphism could be a significant predictor of poor prognosis in GBM, with a potential for use as a prognosis biomarker in GBM patients. These results reveal for the first time a biological sex-specific relation between rs6971 TSPO polymorphism and GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (K.M.T.); (T.J.A.); (M.M.G.); (B.O.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Arlet M. Acanda de la Rocha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Tyler J. Alban
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (K.M.T.); (T.J.A.); (M.M.G.); (B.O.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Matthew M. Grabowski
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (K.M.T.); (T.J.A.); (M.M.G.); (B.O.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Balint Otvos
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (K.M.T.); (T.J.A.); (M.M.G.); (B.O.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gino Cioffi
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (G.C.); (K.A.W.); (J.S.B.S.)
| | - Kristin A. Waite
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (G.C.); (K.A.W.); (J.S.B.S.)
| | - Jill S. Barnholtz Sloan
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Trans-Divisional Research Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (G.C.); (K.A.W.); (J.S.B.S.)
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (K.M.T.); (T.J.A.); (M.M.G.); (B.O.); (J.D.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tomás R. Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Brain, Behavior & the Environment Program, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: (T.R.G.); (D.J.A.)
| | - Diana J. Azzam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.R.G.); (D.J.A.)
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24
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Daswani B, Khan Y. Insights into the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis. J Carcinog 2021; 20:10. [PMID: 34526856 PMCID: PMC8411981 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are more common in males than in females. Emerging evidence from several studies in vitro and in vivo have shown the role of estrogens and androgens in glial tumorigenesis. In recent times, studies have also shed light on the actions of estrogen receptors, alpha and beta, and androgen receptor. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research hitherto on estrogens and androgens along with an emphasis on their receptors in glioma pathophysiology. Studies with conflicting results are discussed and future possibilities are put forward. A collective understanding of the studies on these steroid hormones in glioma may serve to create an amalgamated therapeutic approach; and thereby, augment the efforts in tackling this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Daswani
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College (Autonomous), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Carrano A, Juarez JJ, Incontri D, Ibarra A, Cazares HG. Sex-Specific Differences in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071783. [PMID: 34359952 PMCID: PMC8303471 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to incidence and outcome. Little is known about sex differences in GBM at the disease phenotype and genetical/molecular level. This review focuses on a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of GBM, including hormones, metabolic pathways, the immune system, and molecular changes, along with differences between men and women and how these dimorphisms affect disease outcome. The information analyzed in this review shows a greater incidence and worse outcome in male patients with GBM compared with female patients. We highlight the protective role of estrogen and the upregulation of androgen receptors and testosterone having detrimental effects on GBM. Moreover, hormones and the immune system work in synergy to directly affect the GBM microenvironment. Genetic and molecular differences have also recently been identified. Specific genes and molecular pathways, either upregulated or downregulated depending on sex, could potentially directly dictate GBM outcome differences. It appears that sexual dimorphism in GBM affects patient outcome and requires an individualized approach to management considering the sex of the patient, especially in relation to differences at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carrano
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Juan Jose Juarez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Diego Incontri
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Edo. de México, Mexico; (J.J.J.); (D.I.); (A.I.)
| | - Hugo Guerrero Cazares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Srancikova A, Mihalj D, Bacova Z, Bakos J. The effects of testosterone on gene expression of cell-adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins: The role of sex in early development. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14153. [PMID: 34138481 DOI: 10.1111/and.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in brain plasticity appear to be organised by testosterone, which is particularly important during the early stages of development. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the sex differences in mRNA and protein levels of selected cell-adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins on postnatal days 5 (P5) and 9 (P9) in the rat hippocampus, as well as evaluate the effects of testosterone treatment (100 nM, 48 hr) on synaptic proteins in SH-SY5Y (neuron-like) and U-87MG (astrocyte-like) cells. The gene expression levels of Neuroligin 3 and 'SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein' 1 and 3 (SHANK1 and SHANK3) were significantly lower in males compared to females at P5. At P9, a similar significant trend towards a decrease in mRNA expression and protein levels of SHANK3 was found in males. Testosterone treatment induced a significant decrease of Neuroligin 1-3 mRNA expression in both SH-SY5Y and U-87MG cells. SHANK1 and SHANK3 mRNA levels significantly decreased in U-87MG cells response to testosterone presence. The presented results demonstrate that the association of selected postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins is sex-related. Testosterone appears to be particularly involved in the developmental mechanisms related to neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Srancikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Mihalj
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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27
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Zhao N, Wang F, Ahmed S, Liu K, Zhang C, Cathcart SJ, DiMaio DJ, Punsoni M, Guan B, Zhou P, Wang S, Batra SK, Bronich T, Hei TK, Lin C, Zhang C. Androgen Receptor, Although Not a Specific Marker For, Is a Novel Target to Suppress Glioma Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616625. [PMID: 34094902 PMCID: PMC8175980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting androgen receptor (AR) has been shown to be promising in treating glioblastoma (GBM) in cell culture and flank implant models but the mechanisms remain unclear. AR antagonists including enzalutamide are available for treating prostate cancer patients in clinic and can pass the blood-brain barrier, thus are potentially good candidates for GBM treatment but have not been tested in GBM orthotopically. Our current studies confirmed that in patients, a majority of GBM tumors overexpress AR in both genders. Enzalutamide inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Although confocal microscopy demonstrated that AR is expressed but not specifically in glioma cancer stem cells (CSCs) (CD133+), enzalutamide treatment significantly decreased CSC population in cultured monolayer cells and spheroids, suppressed tumor sphere-forming capacity of GBM cells, and downregulated CSC gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We have, for the first time, demonstrated that enzalutamide treatment decreased the density of CSCs in vivo and improved survival in an orthotopic GBM mouse model. We conclude that AR antagonists potently target glioma CSCs in addition to suppressing the overall proliferation of GBM cells as a mechanism supporting their repurposing for clinical applications treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Sahara J Cathcart
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Dominick J DiMaio
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michael Punsoni
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tatiana Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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28
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Bello-Alvarez C, Camacho-Arroyo I. Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:28. [PMID: 33752729 PMCID: PMC7986260 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in other types of cancers, sex is an essential factor in the origin and progression of glioblastomas. Research in the field of endocrinology and cancer suggests that gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in the progression and prevalence of glioblastomas. In the present review, we aim to discuss the actions and mechanism triggered by gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. MAIN BODY Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. According to the epidemiological data, glioblastomas are more frequent in men than in women in a 1.6/1 proportion both in children and adults. This evidence, and the knowledge about sex influence over the prevalence of countless diseases, suggest that male gonadal steroid hormones, such as testosterone, promote glioblastomas growth. In contrast, a protective role of female gonadal steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) against glioblastomas has been questioned. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate a variety of effects induced by female and male gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Several studies indicate that pregnancy, a physiological state with the highest progesterone and estradiol levels, accelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas and increases the symptoms associated with these tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that progesterone has a dual role in glioblastoma cells: physiological concentrations promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while very high doses (out physiological range) reduce cell proliferation and increases cell death. CONCLUSION Gonadal steroid hormones can stimulate the progression of glioblastomas through the increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the effects mentioned above depend on the concentrations of these hormones and the receptor involved in hormone actions. Estradiol and progesterone can exert promoter or protective effects while the role of testosterone has been always associated to glioblastomas progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bello-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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29
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Li Y, Orahoske CM, Geldenhuys WJ, Bhattarai A, Sabbagh A, Bobba V, Salem FM, Zhang W, Shukla GC, Lathia JD, Wang B, Su B. Small-Molecule HSP27 Inhibitor Abolishes Androgen Receptors in Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1570-1583. [PMID: 33523674 PMCID: PMC8284899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) contributes to the progression of glioblastoma (GBM), and antiandrogen agents have the potential to be used for the treatment of GBM. However, AR mutation commonly happens in GBM, which makes the antiandrogen agents less effective. Heat shock 27 kDa protein (HSP27) is a well-documented chaperone protein to stabilize ARs. Inhibition of HSP27 results in AR degradation regardless of the mutation status of ARs, which makes HSP27 a good target to abolish ARs in GBM. Compound I is a HSP27 inhibitor that significantly induces AR degradation in GBM cells via the proteasomal pathway, and it selectively inhibits AR-overexpressed GBM cell growth with IC50 values around 5 nM. The compound also significantly inhibits in vivo GBM xenograft at 20 mg/kg and does not cause toxicity to mice up to 80 mg/kg. These results suggest that targeting HSP27 to induce AR degradation in GBM is a promising and novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Cody M Orahoske
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Asmita Bhattarai
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Abboud Sabbagh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Viharika Bobba
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Fatma M Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Girish C Shukla
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, United States
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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30
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Orevi M, Shamni O, Zalcman N, Chicheportiche A, Mordechai A, Moscovici S, Shoshan Y, Shahar T, Charbit H, Gutreiman M, Paldor I, Mishani E, Lossos A, Lavon I. [ 18F]-FDHT PET/CT as a tool for imaging androgen receptor expression in high-grade glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab019. [PMID: 33738450 PMCID: PMC7954111 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background G lioblastoma (GBM) is associated with poor overall survival. Recently, we showed that androgen receptor (AR) protein is overexpressed in 56% of GBM specimens and AR antagonists induced dose-dependent death in several GBM cell lines and significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged the lifespan of mice implanted with human GBM. 16β-18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]-FDHT) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer used to detect AR expression in prostate and breast cancers. This study was aimed at exploring the ability of [18F]-FDHT-PET to detect AR expression in high-grade gliomas. Methods Twelve patients with suspected high-grade glioma underwent a regular workup and additional dynamic and static [18F]-FDHT-PET/CT. Visual and quantitative analyses of [18 F]-FDHT kinetics in the tumor and normal brain were performed. Mean and maximum (max) standardized uptake values (SUVs) were determined in selected volumes of interest. The patients had surgery or biopsy after PET/CT. AR protein was analyzed in the tumor samples by western blot. Fold change in AR expression was calculated by densitometry analysis. Correlation between imaging and AR protein samples was determined. Results In six of the 12 patients, [18 F]-FDHT uptake was significantly higher in the tumor than in the normal brain. These patients also had increased AR protein expression within the tumor. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis for the tumor-to-control normal brain uptake ratio in terms of SUVmean versus AR protein expression was positive and significant (R = 0.84; P = .002). Conclusion [18 F]-FDHT-PET/CT could identify increased AR expression in high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Orevi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Shamni
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nomi Zalcman
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandre Chicheportiche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biophysics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Mordechai
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel Moscovici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yigal Shoshan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Shahar
- The Laboratory for Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Shaare Zedek-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Charbit
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mijal Gutreiman
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iddo Paldor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Mishani
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Lossos
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Lavon
- Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chang KF, Huang XF, Chang JT, Huang YC, Weng JC, Tsai NM. Cedrol suppresses glioblastoma progression by triggering DNA damage and blocking nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:180-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Orozco M, Valdez RA, Ramos L, Cabeza M, Segovia J, Romano MC. Dutasteride combined with androgen receptor antagonists inhibit glioblastoma U87 cell metabolism, proliferation, and invasion capacity: Androgen regulation. Steroids 2020; 164:108733. [PMID: 32980365 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adult humans. Therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical resection contributes to a poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Men are known to be more likely than women to develop an aggressive form of GB. Although the reasons for this disparity remain poorly understood, differences in sex steroids have emerged as a leading explanation. Studies indicate that GB-derived cells express androgen receptors (ARs) and synthesize androgens, suggesting that androgens may have a role in the tumor pathogenesis. Thus, our objective was to investigate the effects of the 5α-reductase enzyme inhibitor dutasteride, the AR antagonists cyproterone and flutamide, and combinations of these drugs on the metabolism, proliferation, and invasion capacity of GB-derived U87 cells. We also examined the effects of three natural androgens testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone (T, A4, and DHT) on these cells. Cell metabolism was investigated by MTT assay, proliferation was assessed by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, and invasion was assessed by Boyden chamber assay. The results revealed that T and especially DHT, but not A4, increased U87 cell metabolism and proliferation. Following these findings, we examined the effect of adding dutasteride, cyproterone, or flutamide to the culture media and found that they all significantly decreased cell metabolism and proliferation. Dutasteride also significantly reduced cell invasion. Moreover, any combination of these drugs enhanced their inhibitory effects; the combination of dutasteride to flutamide was most effective at decreasing GB cell proliferation. Our results suggest that administering a combination of AR antagonists and enzyme blockers may be a more effective alternative treatment for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orozco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R A Valdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L Ramos
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Cabeza
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J Segovia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M C Romano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del IPN, Ciudad de México, México.
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Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239114. [PMID: 33266110 PMCID: PMC7730176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas and, in particular, their most severe form, glioblastoma, are the most aggressive primary brain tumors and those with the poorest vital prognosis. Standard treatment only slightly improves patient survival. Therefore, new therapies are needed. Very few risk factors have been clearly identified but many epidemiological studies have reported a higher incidence in men than women with a sex ratio of 1:4. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that the neurosteroids and especially the estrogens found in higher concentrations in women's brains could, in part, explain this difference. Estrogens can bind to nuclear or membrane receptors and potentially stimulate many different interconnected signaling pathways. The study of these receptors is even more complex since many isoforms are produced from each estrogen receptor encoding gene through alternative promoter usage or splicing, with each of them potentially having a specific role in the cell. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent data supporting the involvement of steroids during gliomagenesis and to focus on the potential neuroprotective role as well as the mechanisms of action of estrogens in gliomas.
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Ammer LM, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Ruf V, Wetzel CH, Riemenschneider MJ, Albert NL, Beckhove P, Hau P. The Role of Translocator Protein TSPO in Hallmarks of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102973. [PMID: 33066460 PMCID: PMC7602186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The translocator protein (TSPO) has been under extensive investigation as a specific marker in positron emission tomography (PET) to visualize brain lesions following injury or disease. In recent years, TSPO is increasingly appreciated as a potential novel therapeutic target in cancer. In Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant primary brain tumor, TSPO expression levels are strongly elevated and scientific evidence accumulates, hinting at a pivotal role of TSPO in tumorigenesis and glioma progression. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on TSPO with respect to its role both in diagnostics and especially with regard to the critical hallmarks of cancer postulated by Hanahan and Weinberg. Overall, our review contributes to a better understanding of the functional significance of TSPO in Glioblastoma and draws attention to TSPO as a potential modulator of treatment response and thus an important factor that may influence the clinical outcome of GBM. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most fatal primary brain cancer in adults. Despite extensive treatment, tumors inevitably recur, leading to an average survival time shorter than 1.5 years. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is abundantly expressed throughout the body including the central nervous system. The expression of TSPO increases in states of inflammation and brain injury due to microglia activation. Not least due to its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, TSPO has been implicated with a broad spectrum of functions. These include the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, migration, as well as mitochondrial functions such as mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress regulation. TSPO is frequently overexpressed in GBM. Its expression level has been positively correlated to WHO grade, glioma cell proliferation, and poor prognosis of patients. Several lines of evidence indicate that TSPO plays a functional part in glioma hallmark features such as resistance to apoptosis, invasiveness, and proliferation. This review provides a critical overview of how TSPO could regulate several aspects of tumorigenesis in GBM, particularly in the context of the hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Marie Ammer
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.-M.A.); (A.V.-Z.)
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.-M.A.); (A.V.-Z.)
| | - Viktoria Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | | | - Nathalie L. Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI) and Department Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Hau
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.-M.A.); (A.V.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Werner CK, Nna UJ, Sun H, Wilder-Romans K, Dresser J, Kothari AU, Zhou W, Yao Y, Rao A, Stallard S, Koschmann C, Bor T, Debinski W, Hegedus AM, Morgan MA, Venneti S, Baskin-Bey E, Spratt DE, Colman H, Sarkaria JN, Chinnaiyan AM, Eisner JR, Speers C, Lawrence TS, Strowd RE, Wahl DR. Expression of the Androgen Receptor Governs Radiation Resistance in a Subset of Glioblastomas Vulnerable to Antiandrogen Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2163-2174. [PMID: 32796101 PMCID: PMC7842184 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New approaches are needed to overcome intrinsic therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Because GBMs exhibit sexual dimorphism and are reported to express steroid hormone receptors, we reasoned that signaling through the androgen receptor (AR) could mediate therapy resistance in GBM, much as it does in AR-positive prostate and breast cancers. We found that nearly half of GBM cell lines, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and human tumors expressed AR at the transcript and protein level-with expression levels overlapping those of primary prostate cancer. Analysis of gene expression datasets also revealed that AR expression is higher in GBM patient samples than normal brain tissue. Multiple clinical-grade antiandrogens slowed the growth of and radiosensitized AR-positive GBM cell lines and PDXs in vitro and in vivo Antiandrogens blocked the ability of AR-positive GBM PDXs to engage adaptive transcriptional programs following radiation and slowed the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. These results suggest that combining blood-brain barrier permeable antiandrogens with radiation may have promise for patients with AR-positive GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Uchechi J Nna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hanshi Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph Dresser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ayesha U Kothari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stefanie Stallard
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tarik Bor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alexander M Hegedus
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joel R Eisner
- Innocrin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham, North Carolina
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Rodríguez-Lozano DC, Velázquez-Vázquez DE, Del Moral-Morales A, Camacho-Arroyo I. Dihydrotestosterone Induces Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8813-8823. [PMID: 32982278 PMCID: PMC7490433 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s262359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive human brain tumors due to their high capacity to migrate, invade healthy brain tissue, and resist anticancer therapies. It has been reported that testosterone (T) levels are higher in patients with GBM than in healthy controls. It has also been dem{}onstrated that T induces proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GBM cell lines. T is mainly metabolized to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzyme 5α-reductase (5αR), but the role of this metabolite in GBM cells is unknown. Methods The expression of 5αR isoenzymes and AR in biopsies of GBMs was determined by the analysis of TCGA. U87 and U251 GBM cell lines were grown in supplemented DMEM. For evaluating the expression of AR in U251 and U87 cells, a RT-qPCR was performed. The cells were treated with T, DHT, finasteride (FIN), dutasteride (D), and the combined treatments, FIN+T and D+T or vehicle. After treatments, the viability was quantified by the trypan blue exclusion assay, the proliferation was evaluated by BrdU incorporation, and migration and invasion were analyzed by the scratch-wound and the transwell assays, respectively. Results In a set of glioma biopsies from TCGA, we observed that SRD5A2 (5αR2) expression was higher in GBM and in low-grade gliomas than in normal brain tissue. We observed that DHT and T increased proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GBM cell lines: U87 and U251. F and D, drugs that inhibit 5αR activity, blocked the effects of T on GBM cells. Discussion These data suggest that T induces human GBM progression through its conversion into DHT. These results can be related to the chemical structure of DHT, which increases its affinity for AR and decreases five times the rate of dissociation compared to T. Also, it is possible that DHT mediates the effects of T on cell human GBM cells motility by changing the expression of genes involved in tumor infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Carolina Rodríguez-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Diana Elisa Velázquez-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Aylin Del Moral-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Peila R, Arthur RS, Rohan TE. Association of Sex Hormones with Risk of Cancers of the Pancreas, Kidney, and Brain in the UK Biobank Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1832-1836. [PMID: 32581113 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence to suggest that endogenous levels of sex hormones might influence the etiology of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain, but epidemiologic data are lacking. METHODS We evaluated the association of circulating levels of total and free testosterone, and of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), with the risk of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain, and of total and free estradiol with the risk of kidney cancer, in the UK Biobank cohort study (n = 425,793; 225 pancreatic cancers, 749 kidney cancers, 467 brain cancers). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the associations. RESULTS Testosterone and SHBG levels were not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Most of the associations for the other two anatomic sites were null. There were inverse associations between total testosterone and brain cancer in men and between SHBG and risk of kidney cancer in the total sample and in women. Estradiol was not associated with the risk of kidney cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide little support for associations between sex hormones/SHBG and risk of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain. Larger studies are warranted. IMPACT Although these results provide little support for roles for sex hormones and SHBG in the etiology of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and brain, there is a need for studies with larger numbers of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Peila
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Rhonda S Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Hu C, Fang D, Xu H, Wang Q, Xia H. The androgen receptor expression and association with patient's survival in different cancers. Genomics 2019; 112:1926-1940. [PMID: 31759122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the androgen receptor (AR) in different human malignancies, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of AR in different tumor tissues and association with patient survival and obtained AR expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Pan-Cancer Analysis of AR indicated that 12 tumor types had decreased AR expression in the tumor, while glioblastoma multiforme has overexpressed AR. The survival analysis showed that high AR mRNA is associated with poor survival of stomach adenocarcinoma and low-grade glioma, but better survival of adrenocortical carcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, and skin cutaneous melanoma based on AR mRNA, protein or AR-score. AR was associated with different clinical characteristics and AR correlated genes enriched in cancer-related pathways. These data indicate that AR signaling may be strongly associated with some cancer development and patients' survival, which is promising for potential treatment using antiandrogen therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21116, China
| | - Dan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21116, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21116, China
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, 211116 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21116, China.
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Lenting K, van den Heuvel CNAM, van Ewijk A, ElMelik D, de Boer R, Tindall E, Wei G, Kusters B, te Dorsthorst M, ter Laan M, Huynen MA, Leenders WP. Mapping actionable pathways and mutations in brain tumours using targeted RNA next generation sequencing. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:185. [PMID: 31747973 PMCID: PMC6865071 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biology-based precision drugs are available that neutralize aberrant molecular pathways in cancer. Molecular heterogeneity and the lack of reliable companion diagnostic biomarkers for many drugs makes targeted treatment of cancer inaccurate for many individuals. Identifying actionable hyperactive biological pathways in individual cancers may improve this situation. To achieve this we applied a novel targeted RNA next generation sequencing (t/RNA-NGS) technique to surgically obtained glioma tissues. The test combines mutation detection with analysis of biological pathway activities that are involved in tumour behavior in many cancer types (e.g. tyrosine kinase signaling, angiogenesis signaling, immune response, metabolism), via quantitative measurement of transcript levels and splice variants of hundreds of genes. We here present proof of concept that the technique, which uses molecular inversion probes, generates a histology-independent molecular diagnosis and identifies classifiers that are strongly associated with conventional histopathology diagnoses and even with patient prognosis. The test not only confirmed known glioma-associated molecular aberrations but also identified aberrant expression levels of actionable genes and mutations that have so far been considered not to be associated with glioma, opening up the possibility of drug repurposing for individual patients. Its cost-effectiveness makes t/RNA-NGS to an attractive instrument to aid oncologists in therapy decision making.
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Tibolone Effects on Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:187-196. [PMID: 31499479 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian steroid hormones are involved in modulating the growth of glioblastomas (the most common, aggressive, and lethal brain tumor) through the interaction with their intracellular receptors. Activation of sex hormone receptors is involved in glioblastomas progression. Tibolone (TIB) is a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator widely prescribed to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent bone lost. The effects of TIB on the growth of glioblastoma are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of TIB on cell number, migration, and invasion of two derived human glioblastoma cell lines (U251 MG and U87), as well as the role of this steroid in estrogen and progesterone receptors activity and content. METHODS U251-MG and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines were grown with different doses of TIB. The number of cells was determined and migration and invasion tests were carried out. Protein expression was performed by Western blot. RESULTS We observed that TIB (10 nM) increased the number of cells by inducing proliferation with no effects on cell migration or invasion. The increase in cell proliferation induced by TIB was blocked by estrogen (ERs) or progesterone receptor (PRs) antagonists, ICI 182, 780 and RU 486, suggesting that these receptors mediate proliferating actions of TIB; TIB also modified the content of ERs and PRs by increasing ER-α, ER-β, and PR-B, while decreased PR-A. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TIB increases cell number and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells through the regulation of ERs and PRs actions and content.
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Lavon I, Heli C, Brill L, Charbit H, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Blood Levels of Co-inhibitory-Receptors: A Biomarker of Disease Prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31134049 PMCID: PMC6524709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical course of multiple sclerosis ranges from benign with little disease progression and minimal disability, to severe disease requiring intensive medical treatment. There are no reliable circulating biomarkers for predicting disease outcome. Co-inhibitory receptors regulate the termination of effective immune responses to infections while limiting autoimmunity and/or immunopathology. Based on this, we studied the potential of circulating co-inhibitory receptor levels as predictive biomarkers of multiple sclerosis outcome. Methods: Co-inhibitory receptor [TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains), TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing 3), LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene 3), PD-1 (programmed cell death 1), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4)] expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured using reverse transcription–PCR in 19 healthy controls and 57 patients with untreated multiple sclerosis. All patients were evaluated for disease outcome and paraclinical measures during the following 9–10 years [progression index, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, number of relapses, number of disease modifying therapies (DMTs), baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging T2 lesion volume, and oligoclonal bands (OCBs)]. Results: Patients had significantly lower TIGIT and LAG-3 levels than the controls (P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). TIM-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with high vs. low disability index and in patients with SPMS diagnosis compared to patients who remained in the relapsing stage of the disease at final visit (both, P < 0.02). LAG-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with low disability index vs. non-low disability index multiple sclerosis (P < 0.05). TIM-3 and LAG-3 expression levels correlated significantly with 1-year progression index (r2 = 0.076, P < 0.05; 0.087, P < 0.04, respectively) and EDSS score at final visit (r2 = 0.31, P < 0.04; 0.320.088, P < 0.04, respectively). Lower LAG-3 levels were associated with higher DMT switching (r2 = 0.67, P < 0.05). Compared to the paraclinical and clinical parameters alone, the combined data of the baseline co-inhibitory receptor expression levels and the paraclinical and clinical parameters were superior for predicting the patients that would progress to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Interpretation: This is an initial exploration of the utility of CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, and TIGIT expression levels as prognostic indicators in untreated, recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis. Our results support the value of decreased PBMC expression levels of TIM-3 and LAG-3 at diagnosis as an unfavorable prognostic factor, which is to be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lavon
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Coral Heli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Livnat Brill
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanna Charbit
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Leslie and Michael Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, and the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Rodríguez-Lozano DC, Piña-Medina AG, Hansberg-Pastor V, Bello-Alvarez C, Camacho-Arroyo I. Testosterone Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through Androgen Receptor Activation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:16. [PMID: 30778332 PMCID: PMC6369181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive human brain tumors due to their high capacity to migrate and invade normal brain tissue. Epidemiological data report that GBM occur in a greater proportion in men than in women (3:2), suggesting the participation of sex hormones in the development of these tumors. It has been reported an increase in testosterone (T) levels in patients with GBM. In addition, androgen receptor (AR) is overexpressed in human GBM, and genetic silencing of AR, and its pharmacological inhibition, induce GBM cell death in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of T in proliferation, migration and invasion in human GBM cell lines has not been evaluated. We observed that T increased the number of U87, U251, and D54 cells derived from human GBM due to an increase in cell proliferation. This induction was blocked with flutamide, an antagonist of AR. T also induced migration and invasion of GBM cells that flutamide partially blocked. These data suggest that T through AR contributes to the progression of GBM by promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Carolina Rodríguez-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Piña-Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Bello-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Yu M, Su D, Yang Y, Qin L, Hu C, Liu R, Zhou Y, Yang C, Yang X, Wang G, Gao H. D-T7 Peptide-Modified PEGylated Bilirubin Nanoparticles Loaded with Cediranib and Paclitaxel for Antiangiogenesis and Chemotherapy of Glioma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:176-186. [PMID: 30525386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) have always been the major barriers in glioma therapy. In this report, we proposed D-T7 peptide-modified nanoparticles actively targeted glioma by overcoming the BBB and BTB to improve the antiglioma efficacy. Glioma-targeting experiments showed that the penetration effect of the D-T7 peptide-modified nanoparticles was 7.89-fold higher than that of unmodified nanoparticles. Furthermore, cediranib (CD) and paclitaxel (PTX) were used for the combination of the antiangiogenesis and chemotherapy for glioma. PEGylated bilirubin nanoparticles (BRNPs) were selected as a suitable drug delivery system (CD&PTX@TBRBPs) owing to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen species-responsive ability. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and apoptosis assays showed that CD&PTX@TBRBPs had the highest cytotoxicity and the median survival time of the CD&PTX@TBRNP group was 3.31-fold and 1.23-fold longer than that of the saline and CD&PTX@BRNP groups, respectively. All the results showed that we constructed a novel and accessible peptide-modified dual drug carrier with an enhanced antiglioma effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinan Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jing Ming Road , Chenggong County, Kunming 650500 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Dunyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanyao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , 727 South Jing Ming Road , Chenggong County, Kunming 650500 , P. R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
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