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Zhou Q, Cao T, Li F, Zhang M, Li X, Zhao H, Zhou Y. Mitochondria: a new intervention target for tumor invasion and metastasis. Mol Med 2024; 30:129. [PMID: 39179991 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, responsible for cellular energy synthesis and signal transduction, intricately regulate diverse metabolic processes, mediating fundamental biological phenomena such as cell growth, aging, and apoptosis. Tumor invasion and metastasis, key characteristics of malignancies, significantly impact patient prognosis. Tumor cells frequently exhibit metabolic abnormalities in mitochondria, including alterations in metabolic dynamics and changes in the expression of relevant metabolic genes and associated signal transduction pathways. Recent investigations unveil further insights into mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities, revealing their active involvement in tumor cell proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy, and a crucial role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This paper comprehensively outlines the latest research advancements in mitochondrial structure and metabolic function. Emphasis is placed on summarizing the role of mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities in tumor invasion and metastasis, including alterations in the mitochondrial genome (mutations), activation of mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling, and dynamics within the mitochondria, all intricately linked to the processes of tumor invasion and metastasis. In conclusion, the paper discusses unresolved scientific questions in this field, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and novel perspectives for developing innovative strategies targeting tumor invasion and metastasis based on mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanling Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Tingping Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Department of Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, China.
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2
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Berner MJ, Wall SW, Echeverria GV. Deregulation of mitochondrial gene expression in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02817-1. [PMID: 39143326 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
"Reprogramming of energy metabolism" was first considered an emerging hallmark of cancer in 2011 by Hanahan & Weinberg and is now considered a core hallmark of cancer. Mitochondria are the hubs of metabolism, crucial for energetic functions and cellular homeostasis. The mitochondrion's bacterial origin and preservation of their own genome, which encodes proteins and RNAs essential to their function, make them unique organelles. Successful generation of mitochondrial gene products requires coordinated functioning of the mitochondrial 'central dogma,' encompassing all steps necessary for mtDNA to yield mitochondrial proteins. Each of these processes has several levels of regulation, including mtDNA accessibility and protection through mtDNA packaging and epigenetic modifications, mtDNA copy number through mitochondrial replication, mitochondrial transcription through mitochondrial transcription factors, and mitochondrial translation through mitoribosome formation. Deregulation of these mitochondrial processes in the context of cancers has only recently been appreciated, with most studies being correlative in nature. Nonetheless, numerous significant associations of the mitochondrial central dogma with pro-tumor phenotypes have been documented. Several studies have even provided mechanistic insights and further demonstrated successful pharmacologic targeting strategies. Based on the emergent importance of mitochondria for cancer biology and therapeutics, it is becoming increasingly important that we gain an understanding of the underpinning mechanisms so they can be successfully therapeutically targeted. It is expected that this mechanistic understanding will result in mitochondria-targeting approaches that balance anticancer potency with normal cell toxicity. This review will focus on current evidence for the dysregulation of mitochondrial gene expression in cancers, as well as therapeutic opportunities on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Berner
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven W Wall
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gloria V Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Zarei B, Akrami M, Rezaei N, Mahdavi M, Kamankesh M, Haririan I, Asadi M, Navaei-Nigjeh M. A doxycycline-loaded microfiber of poly-metformin/PCL for eradicating melanoma stem cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124358. [PMID: 38897492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, electrospun fibrous mats are used as drug delivery systems for loading of potential drugs in order to kill cancer cells. In the study, a skin patch for treating melanoma cancer after surgery was made using polycaprolactone and polymetformin microfibers that were loaded with doxycycline (PolyMet/PCL@DOX), an anti-cancer stem cell agent. The morphology, structure, mechanical characteristics, swelling, and porosity of the electrospun microfibers were examined. Drug release andanticancereffectiveness of PolyMet/PCL@DOXwas evaluated against A375 melanoma cancer stem cells using the MTS, Flow cytometry, colony formation and CD44 expression assays. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified the micro fibrous structure with a diameter of about 2.31 µm. The porosity and swelling percentages for microfibers was 73.5 % and 2.9 %, respectively. The tensile strength at the breaking point was equal to 3.84 MPa. The IC50 of PolyMet/PCL@DOX was 7.4 μg/mL. The survival rate of A375 cells after 72 h of PolyMet/PCL@DOX treatment was 43.9 %. The colony formation capacity of A375 cells decreased after PolyMet/PCL@DOX treatment. The level of CD44 expression in the PolyMet/PCL@DOX group decreased compared to the control group. Generally, PolyMet/PCL@DOX microfibers can be a promising candidate as a patch after surgery to eradicate cancer stem cells, effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoosh Zarei
- School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Rezaei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bano N, Parveen S, Saeed M, Siddiqui S, Abohassan M, Mir SS. Drug Repurposing of Selected Antibiotics: An Emerging Approach in Cancer Drug Discovery. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26762-26779. [PMID: 38947816 PMCID: PMC11209889 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a method of investigating new therapeutic applications for previously approved medications. This repurposing approach to "old" medications is now highly efficient, simple to arrange, and cost-effective and poses little risk of failure in treating a variety of disorders, including cancer. Drug repurposing for cancer therapy is currently a key topic of study. It is a way of exploring recent therapeutic applications for already-existing drugs. Theoretically, the repurposing strategy has various advantages over the recognized challenges of creating new molecular entities, including being faster, safer, easier, and less expensive. In the real world, several medications have been repurposed, including aspirin, metformin, and chloroquine. However, doctors and scientists address numerous challenges when repurposing drugs, such as the fact that most drugs are not cost-effective and are resistant to bacteria. So the goal of this review is to gather information regarding repurposing pharmaceuticals to make them more cost-effective and harder for bacteria to resist. Cancer patients are more susceptible to bacterial infections. Due to their weak immune systems, antibiotics help protect them from a variety of infectious diseases. Although antibiotics are not immune boosters, they do benefit the defense system by killing bacteria and slowing the growth of cancer cells. Their use also increases the therapeutic efficacy and helps avoid recurrence. Of late, antibiotics have been repurposed as potent anticancer agents because of the evolutionary relationship between the prokaryotic genome and mitochondrial DNA of eukaryotes. Anticancer antibiotics that prevent cancer cells from growing by interfering with their DNA and blocking growth of promoters, which include anthracyclines, daunorubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and idarubicin, are another type of FDA-approved antibiotics used to treat cancer. According to the endosymbiotic hypothesis, prokaryotes and eukaryotes are thought to have an evolutionary relationship. Hence, in this study, we are trying to explore antibiotics that are necessary for treating diseases, including cancer, helping people reduce deaths associated with various infections, and substantially extending people's life expectancy and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofer Bano
- Molecular
Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary
Research (ICEIR-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Molecular
Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary
Research (ICEIR-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral
University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Hail, P.O. Box 2240, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department
of Health Services Management, College of Public Health and Health
Informatics, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abohassan
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Snober S. Mir
- Molecular
Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary
Research (ICEIR-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department
of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral
University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
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5
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Bamodu OA, Chung CC, Pisanic TR, Wu ATH. The intricate interplay between cancer stem cells and cell-of-origin of cancer: implications for therapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1404628. [PMID: 38800385 PMCID: PMC11116576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1404628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and resistance to therapies. Objective This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between CSCs and the cell-of-origin in diverse cancer types. Design Comprehensive review of thematically-relevant literature. Methods We explore the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive the conversion of normal cells into CSCs and the impact of the cell-of-origin on CSC properties, tumor initiation, and therapeutic responses. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting CSCs based on their distinct cell-of-origin characteristics. Results Accruing evidence suggest that the cell-of-origin, the cell type from which the tumor originates, plays a crucial role in determining the properties of CSCs and their contribution to tumor heterogeneity. Conclusion By providing critical insights into the complex interplay between CSCs and their cellular origins, this article aims to enhance our understanding of cancer biology and pave the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Directorate of Postgraduate Studies, School of Clinical Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Chen-Chih Chung
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Thomas R. Pisanic
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology - Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander T. H. Wu
- The Program for Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rezaei A, Moqadami A, Khalaj-Kondori M. Minocycline as a prospective therapeutic agent for cancer and non-cancer diseases: a scoping review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2835-2848. [PMID: 37991540 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Minocycline is an FDA-approved secondary-generation tetracycline antibiotic. It is a synthetic antibiotic having many biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective functions. This study discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of preventive and therapeutic effects of minocycline. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathways by which minocycline acts on the different cancers, including ovarian, breast, glioma, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, prostate, melanoma, head and neck, leukemia, and non-cancer diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Huntington, polycystic ovary syndrome, and coronavirus disease 19. Minocycline may be a potential medication for these disorders due to its strong blood-brain barrier penetrance. It is also widely accepted as a specific medication, has a well-known side-effect characteristic, is reasonably priced, making it appropriate for continuous use in managing diseases, and has been demonstrated as an oral approach because it is effectively absorbed and accomplished almost all of the body's parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedeh Rezaei
- Department of Animal Biology¸ Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Moqadami
- Department of Animal Biology¸ Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology¸ Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Uslu C, Kapan E, Lyakhovich A. Cancer resistance and metastasis are maintained through oxidative phosphorylation. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216705. [PMID: 38373691 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Malignant tumors have increased energy requirements due to growth, differentiation or response to stress. A significant number of studies in recent years have described upregulation of mitochondrial genes responsible for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in some tumors. Although OXPHOS is replaced by glycolysis in some tumors (Warburg effect), both processes can occur simultaneously during the evolution of the same malignancies. In particular, chemoresistant and/or cancer stem cells appear to find a way to activate OXPHOS and metastasize. In this paper, we discuss recent work showing upregulation of OXPHOS in chemoresistant tumors and cell models. In addition, we show an inverse correlation of OXPHOS gene expression with the survival time of cancer patients after chemotherapy and discuss combination therapies for resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Uslu
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey
| | - Eda Kapan
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Turkey.
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Marrone L, Romano S, Malasomma C, Di Giacomo V, Cerullo A, Abate R, Vecchione MA, Fratantonio D, Romano MF. Metabolic vulnerability of cancer stem cells and their niche. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375993. [PMID: 38659591 PMCID: PMC11039812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the leading cause of the failure of anti-tumor treatments. These aggressive cancer cells are preserved and sustained by adjacent cells forming a specialized microenvironment, termed niche, among which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical players. The cycle of tricarboxylic acids, fatty acid oxidation path, and electron transport chain have been proven to play central roles in the development and maintenance of CSCs and TAMs. By improving their oxidative metabolism, cancer cells are able to extract more energy from nutrients, which allows them to survive in nutritionally defective environments. Because mitochondria are crucial bioenergetic hubs and sites of these metabolic pathways, major hopes are posed for drugs targeting mitochondria. A wide range of medications targeting mitochondria, electron transport chain complexes, or oxidative enzymes are currently investigated in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials against hard-to-treat tumors. This review article aims to highlight recent literature on the metabolic adaptations of CSCs and their supporting macrophages. A focus is provided on the resistance and dormancy behaviors that give CSCs a selection advantage and quiescence capacity in particularly hostile microenvironments and the role of TAMs in supporting these attitudes. The article also describes medicaments that have demonstrated a robust ability to disrupt core oxidative metabolism in preclinical cancer studies and are currently being tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marrone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Malasomma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Giacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosetta Abate
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University Giuseppe Degennaro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Guo D, Zhu Y, Liu L. Inhibition of mitochondrial function by approved drugs overcomes nasopharyngeal carcinoma chemoresistance. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:317-324. [PMID: 38215016 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of chemo-resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents a significant therapeutic challenge, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In our previous studies, we highlighted the association between isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) and chemoresistance in NPC. In this current research, we revealed that both 5-FU and cisplatin-resistant NPC cells exhibited elevated mitochondrial function and increased expression of mitochondrial genes, independent of ICMT. Our investigations further showed that classic mitochondrial inhibitors, such as oligomycin, antimycin, and rotenone, were notably more effective in reducing viability in chemo-resistant NPC cells compared to parental cells. Moreover, we identified two antimicrobial drugs, tigecycline and atovaquone, recognized as mitochondrial inhibitors, as potent agents for decreasing chemo-resistant NPC cells by targeting mitochondrial respiration. Remarkably, tigecycline and atovaquone, administered at tolerable doses, inhibited chemo-resistant NPC growth in mouse models and extended overall survival rates. This work unveils the efficacy of mitochondrial inhibition as a promising strategy to overcome chemo-resistance in NPC. Additionally, our findings highlight the potential repurposing of clinically available drugs like tigecycline and atovaquone for treating NPC patients who develop chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Difeng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongbo Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
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Mathur S, Srivastava P, Srivastava A, Rai NK, Abbas S, Kumar A, Tiwari M, Sharma LK. Regulation of metastatic potential by drug repurposing and mitochondrial targeting in colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38459456 PMCID: PMC10921801 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased mitochondrial activities contributing to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis have been reported in different cancers; however, studies on the therapeutic targeting of mitochondria in regulating cell proliferation and invasiveness are limited. Because mitochondria are believed to have evolved through bacterial invasion in mammalian cells, antibiotics could provide an alternative approach to target mitochondria, especially in cancers with increased mitochondrial activities. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bacteriostatic antibiotics in regulating the growth potential of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, which differ in their metastatic potential and mitochondrial functions. METHODS A combination of viability, cell migration, and spheroid formation assays was used to measure the effect on metastatic potential. The effect on mitochondrial mechanisms was investigated by measuring mitochondrial DNA copy number by qPCR, biogenesis (by qPCR and immunoblotting), and functions by measuring reactive oxygen species, membrane potential, and ATP using standard methods. In addition, the effect on assembly and activities of respiratory chain (RC) complexes was determined using blue native gel electrophoresis and in-gel assays, respectively). Changes in metastatic and cell death signaling were measured by immunoblotting with specific marker proteins and compared between CRC cells. RESULTS Both tigecycline and tetracycline effectively reduced the viability, migration, and spheroid-forming capacity of highly metastatic CRC cells. This increased sensitivity was attributed to reduced mtDNA content, mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP content, membrane potential, and increased oxidative stress. Specifically, complex I assembly and activity were significantly inhibited by these antibiotics in high-metastatic cells. Significant down-regulation in the expression of mitochondrial-mediated survival pathways, such as phospho-AKT, cMYC, phospho-SRC, and phospho-FAK, and upregulation in cell death (apoptosis and autophagy) were observed, which contributed to the enhanced sensitivity of highly metastatic CRC cells toward these antibiotics. In addition, the combined treatment of the CRC chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin with tigecycline/tetracycline at physiological concentrations effectively sensitized these cells at early time points. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study reports that bacterial antibiotics, such as tigecycline and tetracycline, target mitochondrial functions specifically mitochondrial complex I architecture and activity and would be useful in combination with cancer chemotherapeutics for high metastatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Mathur
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Pransu Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Anubhav Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Rai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Sabiya Abbas
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna Bihar, 801507, India
| | - Lokendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli Road, (U.P.), Lucknow, 226014, India.
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11
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Cocomazzi G, Del Pup L, Contu V, Maggio G, Parmegiani L, Ciampaglia W, De Ruvo D, Faioli R, Maglione A, Baldini GM, Baldini D, Pazienza V. Gynecological Cancers and Microbiota Dynamics: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2237. [PMID: 38396914 PMCID: PMC10889201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relationship between the microbiota and various aspects of health has become a focal point of scientific investigation. Although the most studied microbiota concern the gastrointestinal tract, recently, the interest has also been extended to other body districts. Female genital tract dysbiosis and its possible impact on pathologies such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and gynecological cancers have been unveiled. The incursion of pathogenic microbes alters the ecological equilibrium of the vagina, triggering inflammation and compromising immune defense, potentially fostering an environment conducive to cancer development. The most common types of gynecological cancer include cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, which occur in women of any age but especially in postmenopausal women. Several studies highlighted that a low presence of lactobacilli at the vaginal level, and consequently, in related areas (such as the endometrium and ovary), correlates with a higher risk of gynecological pathology and likely contributes to increased incidence and worse prognosis of gynecological cancers. The complex interplay between microbial communities and the development, progression, and treatment of gynecologic malignancies is a burgeoning field not yet fully understood. The intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and systemic inflammation introduces a new dimension to our understanding of gynecologic cancers. The objective of this review is to focus attention on the association between vaginal microbiota and gynecological malignancies and provide detailed knowledge for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cocomazzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
| | - Lino Del Pup
- Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility, University Sanitary Agency Friuli Central (ASUFC), Via Pozzuolo, 330, 33100 Udine, FVG, Italy;
| | - Viviana Contu
- Integrative Medicine Unit, Humanitas Gradenigo, Corso Regina Margherita 8/10, 10153 Torino, FC, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Maggio
- Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico, Via S. Pio X, 4, 73039 Tricase, LE, Italy;
| | - Lodovico Parmegiani
- Next Fertility GynePro, NextClinics International Via T. Cremona 8, 40137 Bologna, RE, Italy; (L.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Walter Ciampaglia
- Next Fertility GynePro, NextClinics International Via T. Cremona 8, 40137 Bologna, RE, Italy; (L.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Daniele De Ruvo
- Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Affidea Promea, Via Menabrea 14, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Faioli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (R.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Annamaria Maglione
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (R.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Baldini
- IVF Center, Momò Fertilife, 76011 Bisceglie Via Cala dell’Arciprete, 76011 Bisceglie, BT, Italy; (G.M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Domenico Baldini
- IVF Center, Momò Fertilife, 76011 Bisceglie Via Cala dell’Arciprete, 76011 Bisceglie, BT, Italy; (G.M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
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12
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Kast RE. IPIAD- an augmentation regimen added to standard treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using already-marketed repurposed drugs irbesartan, pyrimethamine, itraconazole, azithromycin, and dapsone. Oncoscience 2024; 11:15-31. [PMID: 38524376 PMCID: PMC10959018 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This short note presents the data and rationale for adding five generic non-oncology drugs from general medical practice to gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, a current standard cytotoxic chemotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The regimen, called IPIAD, uses an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) irbesartan indicated for treating hypertension, an old antimicrobial drug pyrimethamine indicated for treating toxoplasmosis or malaria, an old antifungal drug itraconazole, an old broad spectrum antibiotic azithromycin and an old antibiotic dapsone. In reviewing selected growth driving systems active in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma then comparing these with detailed data on ancillary attributes of the IPIAD drugs, one can predict clinical benefit and slowing growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by this augmentation regimen.
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Tatsuda D, Amemiya M, Nosaka C, Sawa R, Muramatsu H, Igarashi M, Yoshida J, Ohishi T, Kawada M. Two new adenopeptins B and C inhibit sphere formation of pancreatic cancer cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:73-84. [PMID: 38001285 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly pancreatic cancer being lethal because of its aggressiveness and lack of early detection methods. A factor that contributes to malignancy are cancer stem cell-like characteristics promoted by the tumor-stromal interaction. Given that fibroblast conditioned medium (CM) promotes sphere formation of cancer cells, a cancer stem cell-like characteristic, its inhibitor could be a new anticancer agent. By exploring microbial cultures as a source, we found new compounds, namely, adenopeptins B (1) and C (2), from Acremonium sp. ESF00140. 1 and 2 selectively and potently inhibited the sphere formation of pancreatic cancer cells cultured in the fibroblast CM compared with the control medium. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) assays showed that 1 and 2 inhibit OCR in pancreatic cancer cells. Studies of similar compounds suggested mitochondrial complex V inhibition. Therefore, results of measuring the activity of human mitochondrial complex V revealed that 1 and 2 inhibited its activity. Oligomycin A, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex V, as well as 1 and 2, strongly inhibited the sphere formation of pancreatic cancer cells cultured in fibroblast CM. The addition of 1 and 2 to pancreatic cancer cells cultured in fibroblast CM increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared with that in the control medium. In pancreatic cancer cells cultured in fibroblast CM, mitochondria significantly influence sphere formation, and targeting their function with 1 and 2 might provide a new therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tatsuda
- Laboraroty of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masahide Amemiya
- Laboraroty of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Chisato Nosaka
- Laboraroty of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Analysis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Muramatsu
- Laboraroty of Microbiology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Laboraroty of Microbiology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junjiro Yoshida
- Laboraroty of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Laboraroty of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Laboraroty of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan.
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Fontana F, Macchi C, Anselmi M, Rizzuto AS, Ruscica M, Limonta P. PGC1-α-driven mitochondrial biogenesis contributes to a cancer stem cell phenotype in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166897. [PMID: 37758066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the metabolic regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in melanoma. Here, we used A375 and WM115 cell lines to dissect the role of mitochondria in conferring CSC traits. Notably, we observed that A375 and WM115 melanospheres, known to be enriched in ABCG2+ CSCs, showed higher mitochondrial mass compared with their adherent counterpart. In particular, they displayed increased PGC1-α expression and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex levels, leading to a metabolic switch characterized by enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis and ROS production. Interestingly, PGC1-α silencing resulted in the suppression of CSC features, including clonogenic ability, migration, spheroid formation and ABCG2 enrichment. Similarly, XCT790 and SR-18292, two PGC1-α inhibitors, were able not only to reduce melanoma tumorigenicity and invasion but also to block melanosphere growth and propagation and ABCG2+ cell proliferation. In conclusion, improved mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with a stem-like phenotype in melanoma, and therapeutically targeting the mitochondria-enriched CSC subpopulation might overcome tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Anselmi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Hu X, Ju Y, Zhang YK. Ivermectin as a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25254. [PMID: 37814994 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM), a semi-synthetic macrolide parasiticide, has demonstrated considerable effectiveness in combating internal and external parasites, particularly nematodes and arthropods. Its remarkable ability to control parasites has earned it significant recognition, culminating in Satoshi Omura and William C. Campbell's receipt of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their contributions to the development of IVM. In recent years, investigations have revealed that IVM possesses antitumor properties. It can suppress the growth of various cancer cells, including glioma, through a multitude of mechanisms such as selective targeting of tumor-specific proteins, inducing programmed cell death, and modulation of tumor-related signaling pathways. Hence, IVM holds tremendous potential as a novel anticancer drug. This review seeks to provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms that enable IVM's capacity to suppress glioma. Furthermore, it aims to elucidate the challenges and prospects associated with utilizing IVM as a new anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yue-Kang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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16
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Zhang S, Yang R, Ouyang Y, Shen Y, Hu L, Xu C. Cancer stem cells: a target for overcoming therapeutic resistance and relapse. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333. [PMID: 38164743 PMCID: PMC10845928 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cells in cancers that are thought to initiate tumorous transformation and promote metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. Growing evidence has revealed the existence of CSCs in various types of cancers and suggested that CSCs differentiate into diverse lineage cells that contribute to tumor progression. We may be able to overcome the limitations of cancer treatment with a comprehensive understanding of the biological features and mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance in CSCs. This review provides an overview of the properties, biomarkers, and mechanisms of resistance shown by CSCs. Recent findings on metabolic features, especially fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis in CSCs, are highlighted, along with promising targeting strategies. Targeting CSCs is a potential treatment plan to conquer cancer and prevent resistance and relapse in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chengdu Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Lanlin Hu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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17
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Da Costa RT, Riggs LM, Solesio ME. Inorganic polyphosphate and the regulation of mitochondrial physiology. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2153-2161. [PMID: 37955101 PMCID: PMC10842919 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient polymer that is well-conserved throughout evolution. It is formed by multiple subunits of orthophosphates linked together by phosphoanhydride bonds. The presence of these bonds, which are structurally similar to those found in ATP, and the high abundance of polyP in mammalian mitochondria, suggest that polyP could be involved in the regulation of the physiology of the organelle, especially in the energy metabolism. In fact, the scientific literature shows an unequivocal role for polyP not only in directly regulating oxidative a phosphorylation; but also in the regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism, mitochondrial free calcium homeostasis, and the formation and opening of mitochondrial permeability transitions pore. All these processes are closely interconnected with the status of mitochondrial bioenergetics and therefore play a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial and cell physiology. In this invited review, we discuss the main scientific literature regarding the regulatory role of polyP in mammalian mitochondrial physiology, placing a particular emphasis on its impact on energy metabolism. Although the effects of polyP on the physiology of the organelle are evident; numerous aspects, particularly within mammalian cells, remain unclear and require further investigation. These aspects encompass, for example, advancing the development of more precise analytical methods, unraveling the mechanism responsible for sensing polyP levels, and understanding the exact molecular mechanism that underlies the effects of polyP on mitochondrial physiology. By increasing our understanding of the biology of this ancient and understudied polymer, we could unravel new pharmacological targets in diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction, including energy metabolism dysregulation, has been broadly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata T Da Costa
- Department of Biology; and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (CCIB), Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Lindsey M Riggs
- Department of Biology; and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (CCIB), Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Maria E Solesio
- Department of Biology; and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology (CCIB), Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, U.S.A
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18
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Ulusan M, Bireller S, Ertugrul B, Kasarci G, Atas MN, Aydemir L, Ergen A, Cakmakoglu B. What if amoxicillin/clavulanic acid reduces the cisplatin anticancer impact on oral cancer treatment? JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101502. [PMID: 37192700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics-chemotherapeutics combination have become on the table for many cancer treatments. For this reason, we thought that further progress and development of studies to support chemotherapeutic approaches with the use of antibiotics may be beneficial in the clinical field. Cell lines (SCC-15, HTB-41, and MRC-5) were treated with 5-100 μM/ml concentrations of cisplatin (cisp) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amx/cla) with combination (amx/cla-cisp) and alone in three different incubation periods. The all-cells viability was examined with WST-1 and apoptotic activity of the drugs were investigated via cell death ELISA assay kit. The cytotoxic impact of the 100 μM amx/cla-cisp combination was found to be reduced by up to 21.8%, which was significant given that the cytotoxic effect of only cisplatin therapy was 86.1%. Because our findings demonstrated that solo amx/cla therapy have almost no impact on proliferation or death, we focused on the amx/cla-cisp combination effect. It was found that the amx/cla-cisp combination has reduced the apoptotic fragment when comparing with the solely cisp-treated cells. Due to amx/cla-cisp combination on both cells but significantly on SCC-15 recovered the sole cisplatin effect, we believe that there might be a second thought when prescribing antibiotics while treating cancer patients. Not only the antibiotic's type but also the cancer type might interact to lessen the chemotherapeutic agent's impact which is clinically a dilemma to focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ulusan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Bireller
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Ertugrul
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksu Kasarci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Nur Atas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Aydemir
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ergen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedia Cakmakoglu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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19
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Švecová P, Jakubec P, Škarda J, Glogarová V, Mitták M. The Effects of Antibiotics on the Development and Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:365-375. [PMID: 38103006 PMCID: PMC10725157 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been studies on antibiotic use concerning lung cancer and its potential impact on carcinogenesis and microbiome. However, subsequent research has failed to support these associations consistently. In terms of the potential carcinogenic of antibiotics on lung cancer, the available evidence has not been sufficient to draw any definitive conclusions. Maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing pathogen invasion is critically dependent on the microbiome. The subtle balance of the body microbiota, including the lungs, is susceptible to disruption by antibiotic use. There is an association between disruptions of the lung microbiome and respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, and decreased efficacy of treatments. Patients with lung cancer are often indicated for antibiotic treatment due to respiratory infections or other comorbidities. Pulmonary infections in the area of undetected lung tumors are not uncommon. They can be an early sign of malignancy, which may explain the association between antibiotic use and lung cancer diagnosis. Antibiotic use can also affect the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Studies suggest that antibiotic use can impair the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in lung cancer patients, particularly around the time when treatment is initiated. These findings require further study, understanding underlying mechanisms, and identifying microbiota signatures associated with treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Švecová
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Glogarová
- Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Mitták
- Department of Surgical Studies, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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20
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Stouras I, Vasileiou M, Kanatas PF, Tziona E, Tsianava C, Theocharis S. Metabolic Profiles of Cancer Stem Cells and Normal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Significance. Cells 2023; 12:2686. [PMID: 38067114 PMCID: PMC10705308 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare cancer cell population, responsible for the facilitation, progression, and resistance of tumors to therapeutic interventions. This subset of cancer cells with stemness and tumorigenic properties is organized in niches within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and presents altered regulation in a variety of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism. CSCs exhibit similarities as well as differences when comparedto normal stem cells, but also possess the ability of metabolic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of normal, non-cancerous stem cells and CSCs. We also highlight the significance and implications of interventions targeting CSC metabolism to potentially achieve more robust clinical responses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Stouras
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Vasileiou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis F. Kanatas
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Tziona
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christina Tsianava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece;
| | - Stamatis Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
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21
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Bonuccelli G, Brooks DR, Shepherd S, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Antibiotics that target mitochondria extend lifespan in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11764-11781. [PMID: 37950722 PMCID: PMC10683609 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a continuous degenerative process caused by a progressive decline of cell and tissue functions in an organism. It is induced by the accumulation of damage that affects normal cellular processes, ultimately leading to cell death. It has been speculated for many years that mitochondria play a key role in the aging process. In the aim of characterizing the implications of mitochondria in aging, here we used Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as an organismal model treated a panel of mitochondrial inhibitors and assessed for survival. In our study, we assessed survival by evaluating worm lifespan, and we assessed aging markers by evaluating the pharyngeal muscle contraction, the accumulation of lipofuscin pigment and ATP levels. Our results show that treatment of worms with either doxycycline, azithromycin (inhibitors of the small and the large mitochondrial ribosomes, respectively), or a combination of both, significantly extended median lifespan of C. elegans, enhanced their pharyngeal pumping rate, reduced their lipofuscin content and their energy consumption (ATP levels), as compared to control untreated worms, suggesting an aging-abrogating effect for these drugs. Similarly, DPI, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I and II, was capable of prolonging the median lifespan of treated worms. On the other hand, subjecting worms to vitamin C, a pro-oxidant, failed to extend C. elegans lifespan and upregulated its energy consumption, revealing an increase in ATP level. Therefore, our longevity study reveals that mitochondrial inhibitors (i.e., mitochondria-targeting antibiotics) could abrogate aging and extend lifespan in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bonuccelli
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4BR, UK
| | - Darren R. Brooks
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4BR, UK
| | - Sally Shepherd
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4BR, UK
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4BR, UK
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4BR, UK
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22
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Yang J, Lim JT, Victor P, Chen C, Khwaja H, Schnellmann RG, Roe DJ, Gokhale PC, DeCaprio JA, Padi M. Integrative analysis reveals therapeutic potential of pyrvinium pamoate in Merkel cell carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565218. [PMID: 37961132 PMCID: PMC10635082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy arising from either ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) integration. It is the only known neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with a virus etiology. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the transition from normal cells to MCC remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of inducible MCPyV T antigens into normal human fibroblasts by performing RNA sequencing. Our findings suggested that the WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in the development of MCC. To test this model, we bioinformatically evaluated various perturbagens for their ability to reverse the MCC gene expression signature and identified pyrvinium pamoate, an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug known for its anti-tumor potential in multiple cancers. Leveraging transcriptomic, network, and molecular analyses, we found that pyrvinium effectively targets multiple MCC vulnerabilities. Specifically, pyrvinium not only reverses the neuroendocrine features of MCC by modulating canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling pathways but also inhibits cancer cell growth by activating the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway, disrupting mitochondrial function, and inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pyrvinium also effectively inhibits tumor growth in an MCC mouse xenograft model. These findings offer new avenues for the development of therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine cancer and highlight the utility of pyrvinium as a potential treatment for MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - James T Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul Victor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hunain Khwaja
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- The University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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23
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Shi Q, Wang J, Zhou M, Zheng R, Zhang X, Liu B. Gut Lactobacillus contribute to the progression of breast cancer by affecting the anti-tumor activities of immune cells in the TME of tumor-bearing mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111039. [PMID: 37862739 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies have proven that gut microbiota dysbiosis may influence the carcinogenesis and outcomes of multiple cancers. However, it is still unclear whether gut microbiota dysbiosis affect the progression of breast cancer, especially triple-negative breast cancer. In the present study, by using gut microbiota dysbiosis murine model established by treatment of mice with streptomycin, we found Lactobacillus and the metabolite-lactic acid are the pivotal factors for 4T1 tumor progression. In fact, streptomycin-treated mice exhibited slower tumor growth, in parallel with less abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut. Supplementation with Lactobacillus resulted in a rapid tumor growth, following a decrease in the expression of mRNAs for anti-tumor-related factors but an increase in the M2 polarization. The elevated percentages of IFN-γ-producing CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in the tumor microenvironment of streptomycin-treated tumor-bearing mice may be vanished by supplementation of Lactobacillus. It seems likely that lactobacillus-mediated pro-tumor effect is related to the production of lactic acid. A decrease in the levels of lactic acid in the cecal feces and tumor tissues were observed in streptomycin-treated tumor bearing mice. However, supplementation of Lactobacillus can restore streptomycin-reduced concentration of lactic acid in the tumor tissues, suggesting that gut Lactobacillus are the source of lactic acid. Bioinformatics analysis result suggests high concentration of lactic acid in tumor sites may be related to the diminished anti-tumor immunity in the TME. This study reveals a correlation between gut Lactobacillus and tumor progression in a murine 4T1 tumor model, providing experimental evidence for clinical treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Beixing Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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24
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Olmedo I, Martínez D, Carrasco-Rojas J, Jara JA. Mitochondria in oral cancer stem cells: Unraveling the potential drug targets for new and old drugs. Life Sci 2023; 331:122065. [PMID: 37659591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with most cases arising in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Compared to other types of cancer, OSCC, has the worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Additionally, OSCC is characterized by a high rate of resistance to chemotherapy treatment, which may be partly explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulation. CSC can adapt to harmful environmental condition and are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, thus contributing to tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of mitochondria in oral CSC as a potential target for oral cancer treatment. For this purpose, we reviewed some fundamental aspects of the most validated protein markers of stemness, autophagy, the mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in oral CSC. Moreover, a discussion will be made on why energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation in CSC, may offer such a diverse source of original pharmacological target for new drugs. Finally, we will describe some drugs able to disturb mitochondrial function, with emphasis on those aimed to interrupt the electron transport chain function, as novel therapeutic strategies in multidrug-resistant oral CSC. The reutilization of old drugs approved for clinical use as new antineoplastics, in cancer treatment, is also matter of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Olmedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Martínez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Toxicological and Pharmacological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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25
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Hassan SN, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Idris Z, Mohd Redzwan N, Ahmad F. A mini-review on anticancer-related properties of azithromycin and its potential activities in overcoming the challenges of glioblastoma. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:918-927. [PMID: 37069134 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The resistance, plasticity and heterogeneity of cancer cells, including glioblastoma (GB) cells, have prompted the investigation of various agents for possible adjuncts and alternatives to existing therapies. This includes a macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin (AZI). It possesses intriguing anticancer properties in a range of cancer models in vitro, such as antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-autophagy and anti-angiogenic effects. In fact, AZI is renowned for its ability to eradicate cancer stem cells by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. AZI-containing regimens in cancer patients for different purposes have shown favourable (i.e., attributed to its antibacterial activity) and unfavourable outcomes. Whilst its direct anticancer effects have yet to be clinically proven. To that end, this review provides a summary of AZI anticancer studies and delineates its potential activities in overcoming the challenges of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nazihahasma Hassan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhanani Mohd Redzwan
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Farizan Ahmad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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26
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Zhang X, Xu H. Azithromycin inhibits glioblastoma angiogenesis in mice via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:291-302. [PMID: 37486388 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The poor outcomes in glioblastoma (GBM) necessitate new treatments. As GBM is highly vascularized and its growth is largely dependent on angiogenesis, angiogenesis inhibitors have been hotly evaluated in clinical trials for GBM treatment for the last decade. In line with these efforts, our work reveals that azithromycin, a clinically available antibiotic, is a novel angiogenesis inhibitor. Azithromycin inhibits vessel structure formation on Matrigel of GBM-derived endothelial cell (ECs) and other types of ECs. Time course analysis shows that azithromycin interferes with the early stage of angiogenesis. Azithromycin also inhibits GBM-derived EC adhesion, growth and survival but not migration. The transgenic zebrafish Tg (fli1a: EGFP) model clearly shows that azithromycin inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. Of note, azithromycin at non-toxic dose inhibits GBM growth in mice and increases overall survival, and furthermore, this is associated with angiogenesis inhibition. Mechanism studies show that azithromycin decreases mitochondrial respiration by suppressing the activity of multiple complexes, leading to ATP reduction, oxidative stress and damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by azithromycin is through thiol redox-mediated pathways. Our work demonstrates the anti-angiogenic activity of azithromycin via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Our pre-clinical evidence provides a rationale for initiating clinical trials using azithromycin in combination with standard-of-care drugs for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 160 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 160 Donghu Road, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Mani S, Ralph SJ, Swargiary G, Rani M, Wasnik S, Singh SP, Devi A. Therapeutic Targeting of Mitochondrial Plasticity and Redox Control to Overcome Cancer Chemoresistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:591-619. [PMID: 37470214 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria are subcellular organelles performing essential metabolic functions contributing to cellular bioenergetics and regulation of cell growth or death. The basic mitochondrial function in fulfilling the need for cell growth and vitality is evidenced whereby cancer cells with depleted mitochondrial DNA (rho zero, p0 cells) no longer form tumors until newly recruited mitochondria are internalized into the rho zero cells. Herein lies the absolute dependency on mitochondria for tumor growth. Hence, mitochondria are key regulators of cell death (by apoptosis, necroptosis, or other forms of cell death) and are, therefore, important targets for anticancer therapy. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial plasticity regulating their state of fusion or fission is key to the chemoresistance properties of cancer cells by promoting pro-survival pathways, enabling the mitochondria to mitigate against the cellular stresses and extreme conditions within the tumor microenvironment caused by chemotherapy, hypoxia, or oxidative stress. Critical Issues: This review discusses many characteristics of mitochondria, the processes and pathways controlling the dynamic changes occurring in the morphology of mitochondria, the roles of reactive oxygen species, and their relationship with mitochondrial fission or fusion. It also examines the relationship of redox to mitophagy when mitochondria become compromised and its effect on cancer cell survival, stemness, and the changes accompanying malignant progression from primary tumors to metastatic disease. Future Directions: A challenging question that arises is whether the changes in mitochondrial dynamics and their regulation can provide opportunities for improving drug targeting during cancer treatment and enhancing survival outcomes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 591-619.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Madhu Rani
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Shashi Prakash Singh
- Special Centre of Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Annu Devi
- Special Centre of Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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28
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Pandya Shesh B, Slagle-Webb B, Shenoy G, Khristov V, Zacharia BE, Connor JR. Uptake of H-ferritin by Glioblastoma stem cells and its impact on their invasion capacity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:9691-9703. [PMID: 37237166 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iron acquisition is key to maintaining cell survival and function. Cancer cells in general are considered to have an insatiable iron need. Iron delivery via the transferrin/transferrin receptor pathway has been the canonical iron uptake mechanism. Recently, however, our laboratory and others have explored the ability of ferritin, particularly the H-subunit, to deliver iron to a variety of cell types. Here, we investigate whether Glioblastoma (GBM) initiating cells (GICs), a small population of stem-like cells, are known for their iron addiction and invasive nature acquire exogenous ferritin, as a source of iron. We further assess the functional impact of ferritin uptake on the invasion capacity of the GICs. METHODS To establish that H-ferritin can bind to human GBM, tissue-binding assays were performed on samples collected at the time of surgery. To interrogate the functional consequences of H-ferritin uptake, we utilized two patient-derived GIC lines. We further describe H-ferritin's impact on GIC invasion capacity using a 3D invasion assay. RESULTS H-ferritin bound to human GBM tissue at the amount of binding was influenced by sex. GIC lines showed uptake of H-ferritin protein via transferrin receptor. FTH1 uptake correlated with a significant decrease in the invasion capacity of the cells. H-ferritin uptake was associated with a significant decrease in the invasion-related protein Rap1A. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that extracellular H-ferritin participates in iron acquisition to GBMs and patient-derived GICs. The functional significance of the increased iron delivery by H-ferritin is a decreased invasion capacity of GICs potentially via reduction of Rap1A protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ganesh Shenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir Khristov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Brad E Zacharia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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29
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Hajikhani Z, Haririan I, Akrami M, Hajikhani S. Nanoarchitectonics of doxycycline-loaded vitamin E-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate micelles for ovarian cancer stem cell treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1441-1458. [PMID: 37830450 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aim to develop doxycycline within the D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate micelle platform as an anticancer stem cell agent. Materials & methods: The optimized nanomicelle formulation was prepared using the solvent casting method and evaluated through physicochemical and biological characterization. Results: Nanomicelles exhibited mean particle sizes of 14.48 nm (polydispersity index: 0.22) using dynamic light scattering and 18.22 nm using transmission electron micrography. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 2% and 66.73%, respectively. Doxycycline-loaded micelles exhibited sustained release, with 98.5% released in 24 h. IC50 values were 20 μg/ml for free drug and 5 μg/ml for micelles after 48 h of cell exposure. A significant 74% reduction in CD44 biomarker and 100% colony formation inhibition were observed. Conclusion: Doxycycline in hemo/biocompatible nanomicelles holds potential for ovarian cancer stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Hajikhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials & Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials & Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials & Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hajikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Khan SU, Rayees S, Sharma P, Malik F. Targeting redox regulation and autophagy systems in cancer stem cells. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1405-1423. [PMID: 36473988 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a dysregulated cellular level pathological condition that results in tumor formation followed by metastasis. In the heterogeneous tumor architecture, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential to push forward the progression of tumors due to their strong pro-tumor properties such as stemness, self-renewal, plasticity, metastasis, and being poorly responsive to radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer stem cells have the ability to withstand various stress pressures by modulating transcriptional and translational mechanisms, and adaptable metabolic changes. Owing to CSCs heterogeneity and plasticity, these cells display varied metabolic and redox profiles across different types of cancers. It has been established that there is a disparity in the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated in CSCs vs Non-CSC and these differential levels are detected across different tumors. CSCs have unique metabolic demands and are known to change plasticity during metastasis by passing through the interchangeable epithelial and mesenchymal-like phenotypes. During the metastatic process, tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) thus attaining invasive properties while leaving the primary tumor site, similarly during the course of circulation and extravasation at a distant organ, these cells regain their epithelial characteristics through Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) to initiate micrometastasis. It has been evidenced that levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and associated metabolic activities vary between the epithelial and mesenchymal states of CSCs. Similarly, the levels of oxidative and metabolic states were observed to get altered in CSCs post-drug treatments. As oxidative and metabolic changes guide the onset of autophagy in cells, its role in self-renewal, quiescence, proliferation and response to drug treatment is well established. This review will highlight the molecular mechanisms useful for expanding therapeutic strategies based on modulating redox regulation and autophagy activation to targets. Specifically, we will account for the mounting data that focus on the role of ROS generated by different metabolic pathways and autophagy regulation in eradicating stem-like cells hereafter referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh Rayees
- PK PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Srinagar, 190005, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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31
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Yadav S, Shah D, Dalai P, Agrawal-Rajput R. The tale of antibiotics beyond antimicrobials: Expanding horizons. Cytokine 2023; 169:156285. [PMID: 37393846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics had proved to be a godsend for mankind since their discovery. They were once the magical solution to the vexing problem of infection-related deaths. German scientist Paul Ehrlich had termed salvarsan as the silver bullet to treatsyphilis.As time passed, the magic of newly discovered silver bullets got tarnished with raging antibiotic resistance among bacteria and associated side-effects. Still, antibiotics remain the primary line of treatment for bacterial infections. Our understanding of their chemical and biological activities has increased immensely with advancement in the research field. Non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics are studied extensively to optimise their safer, broad-range use. These non-antibacterial effects could be both useful and harmful to us. Various researchers across the globe including our lab are studying the direct/indirect effects and molecular mechanisms behind these non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics. So, it is interesting for us to sum up the available literature. In this review, we have briefed the possible reason behind the non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics, owing to the endosymbiotic origin of host mitochondria. We further discuss the physiological and immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics. We then extend the review to discuss molecular mechanisms behind the plausible use of antibiotics as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhruvi Shah
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parmeswar Dalai
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India.
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32
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Edwards DN. Amino Acid Metabolism in Bone Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:344-353. [PMID: 37277592 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast and prostate tumors frequently metastasize to the bone, but the underlying mechanisms for osteotropism remain elusive. An emerging feature of metastatic progression is metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to new environments. This review will summarize the recent advances on how cancer cells utilize amino acid metabolism during metastasis, from early dissemination to interactions with the bone microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have suggested that certain metabolic preferences for amino acids may be associated with bone metastasis. Once in the bone microenvironment, cancer cells encounter a favorable microenvironment, where a changing nutrient composition of the tumor-bone microenvironment may alter metabolic interactions with bone-resident cells to further drive metastatic outgrowth. Enhanced amino acid metabolic programs are associated with bone metastatic disease and may be further augmented by the bone microenvironment. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the role of amino acid metabolism on bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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33
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Zheng XX, Chen JJ, Sun YB, Chen TQ, Wang J, Yu SC. Mitochondria in cancer stem cells: Achilles heel or hard armor. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:708-727. [PMID: 37137792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mitochondria play core roles in not only cancer stem cell (CSC) metabolism but also the regulation of CSC stemness maintenance and differentiation, which are key regulators of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in CSCs is expected to provide a new target for cancer therapy. This article mainly introduces the roles played by mitochondria and related mechanisms in CSC stemness maintenance, metabolic transformation, and chemoresistance. The discussion mainly focuses on the following aspects: mitochondrial morphological structure, subcellular localization, mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitophagy. The manuscript also describes the recent clinical research progress on mitochondria-targeted drugs and discusses the basic principles of their targeted strategies. Indeed, an understanding of the application of mitochondria in the regulation of CSCs will promote the development of novel CSC-targeted strategies, thereby significantly improving the long-term survival rate of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zheng
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Bo Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tian-Qing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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Ma J, Sun L, Gao W, Li Y, Dong D. RNA binding protein: coordinated expression between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in tumors. J Transl Med 2023; 21:512. [PMID: 37507746 PMCID: PMC10386658 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles regulated by two genomes. The coordinated translation of nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which together co-encode the subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex, is critical for determining the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells. RNA-binding protein (RBP) is a post-transcriptional regulatory factor that plays a pivotal role in determining the fate of mRNA. RBP rapidly and effectively reshapes the mitochondrial proteome in response to intracellular and extracellular stressors, mediating the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation balance to adjust mitochondrial respiratory capacity and provide energy for tumor cells to adapt to different environmental pressures and growth needs. This review highlights the ability of RBPs to use liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a platform for translation regulation, integrating nuclear-mitochondrial positive and retrograde signals to coordinate cross-department translation, reshape mitochondrial energy metabolism, and promote the development and survival of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Delu Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Domínguez-Zorita S, Cuezva JM. The Mitochondrial ATP Synthase/IF1 Axis in Cancer Progression: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3775. [PMID: 37568591 PMCID: PMC10417293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant global health problem with profound personal and economic implications on National Health Care Systems. The reprograming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with a clear potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Herein, we summarize the relevant role that the mitochondrial ATP synthase and its physiological inhibitor, ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1), play in metabolic reprogramming to an enhanced glycolytic phenotype. We stress that the interplay in the ATP synthase/IF1 axis has additional functional roles in signaling mitohormetic programs, pro-oncogenic or anti-metastatic phenotypes depending on the cell type. Moreover, the same axis also participates in cell death resistance of cancer cells by restrained mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. We emphasize the relevance of the different post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the specific expression and activity of ATP synthase/IF1, to stimulate further investigations in the field because of their potential as future targets to treat cancer. In addition, we review recent findings stressing that mitochondria metabolism is the primary altered target in lung adenocarcinomas and that the ATP synthase/IF1 axis of OXPHOS is included in the most significant signature of metastatic disease. Finally, we stress that targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS in pre-clinical mouse models affords a most effective therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Domínguez-Zorita
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Akhunzianov AA, Nesterova AI, Wanrooij S, Filina YV, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR. Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Antibiotics in Hypoxia in a Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cell Line Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11540. [PMID: 37511298 PMCID: PMC10380719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics inhibit breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) by suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the effectiveness of antibiotics in clinical settings is inconsistent. This inconsistency raises the question of whether the tumor microenvironment, particularly hypoxia, plays a role in the response to antibiotics. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of five commonly used antibiotics for inhibiting CSCs under hypoxia using an MCF-7 cell line model. We assessed the number of CSCs through the mammosphere formation assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-bright cell count. Additionally, we examined the impact of antibiotics on the mitochondrial stress response and membrane potential. Furthermore, we analyzed the levels of proteins associated with therapeutic resistance. There was no significant difference in the number of CSCs between cells cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. However, hypoxia did affect the rate of CSC inhibition by antibiotics. Specifically, azithromycin was unable to inhibit sphere formation in hypoxia. Erythromycin and doxycycline did not reduce the ratio of ALDH-bright cells, despite decreasing the number of mammospheres. Furthermore, treatment with chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and tetracycline led to the overexpression of the breast cancer resistance protein. Our findings suggest that hypoxia may weaken the inhibitory effects of antibiotics on the breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaz A Akhunzianov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alfiya I Nesterova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary Named after Prof. M.Z. Sigal, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yulia V Filina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma multiforme: From terminal to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188913. [PMID: 37182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases, and the overall survival rate of patients is impossible to achieve. Currently, researchers across the globe target signaling events along with tumor microenvironment (TME) through different drug molecules to inhibit the progression of GBM, but clinically they failed to demonstrate much success. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic targets and signaling cascades along with the role of the organoids model in GBM research. Moreover, we systematically review the traditional and emerging therapeutic strategies in GBM. In addition, we discuss the implications of nanotechnologies, AI, and combinatorial approach to enhance GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India.
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38
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Fan M, Shi Y, Zhao J, Li L. Cancer stem cell fate determination: mito-nuclear communication. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:159. [PMID: 37370081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, clarification of the mechanisms involved in CSC stemness maintenance and cell fate determination would provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. Unregulated cellular energetics has been accepted as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, but recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial metabolism can also actively determine CSC fate by affecting nuclear stemness gene expression. Herein, from the perspective of mito-nuclear communication, we review recent progress on the influence of mitochondria on CSC potential from four aspects: metabolism, dynamics, mitochondrial homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yanan, 716000, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Puiggalí J. Development of Responsive Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10371. [PMID: 37373517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Great efforts are focused on the development of safe nano-carriers for the treatment of cancer in order to overcome some of the typical limitations of conventional therapies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament de Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Razi S, Haghparast A, Chodari Khameneh S, Ebrahimi Sadrabadi A, Aziziyan F, Bakhtiyari M, Nabi-Afjadi M, Tarhriz V, Jalili A, Zalpoor H. The role of tumor microenvironment on cancer stem cell fate in solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:143. [PMID: 37328876 PMCID: PMC10273768 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the role of cancer stem cells in initiating tumors, metastasis, invasion, and resistance to therapies has been recognized as a potential target for tumor therapy. Understanding the mechanisms by which CSCs contribute to cancer progression can help to provide novel therapeutic approaches against solid tumors. In this line, the effects of mechanical forces on CSCs such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular plasticity, etc., the metabolism pathways of CSCs, players of the tumor microenvironment, and their influence on the regulating of CSCs can lead to cancer progression. This review focused on some of these mechanisms of CSCs, paving the way for a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms and developing platforms for targeted therapies. While progress has been made in research, more studies will be required in the future to explore more aspects of how CSCs contribute to cancer progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Razi
- Vira Pioneers of Modern Science (VIPOMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran
- Cytotech and Bioinformatics Research Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 5163639888, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Tehran, Iran.
- Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Hidalgo-García L, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Molina-Tijeras JA, García F, Diez-Echave P, Vezza T, Becerra P, Marchal JA, Redondo-Cerezo E, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Garrido-Mesa J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J. Tigecycline reduces tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer via inhibition of cell proliferation and modulation of immune response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114760. [PMID: 37119741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND and Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the cancers with the highest incidence in which APC gene mutations occur in almost 80% of patients. This mutation leads to β-catenin aberrant accumulation and an uncontrolled proliferation. Apoptosis evasion, changes in the immune response and microbiota composition are also events that arise in CRC. Tetracyclines are drugs with proven antibiotic and immunomodulatory properties that have shown cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of tigecycline was evaluated in vitro in HCT116 cells and in vivo in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) murine model. 5-fluorouracil was assayed as positive control in both studies. KEY RESULTS Tigecycline showed an antiproliferative activity targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and downregulating STAT3. Moreover, tigecycline induced apoptosis through extrinsic, intrinsic and endoplasmic reticulum pathways converging on an increase of CASP7 levels. Furthermore, tigecycline modulated the immune response in CAC, reducing the cancer-associated inflammation through downregulation of cytokines expression. Additionally, tigecycline favored the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), one of the main immune defenses against tumor cells. Lastly, the antibiotic reestablished the gut dysbiosis in CAC mice increasing the abundance of bacterial genera and species, such as Akkermansia and Parabacteroides distasonis, that act as protectors against tumor development. These findings resulted in a reduction of the number of tumors and an amelioration of the tumorigenesis process in CAC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Tigecycline exerts a beneficial effect against CRC supporting the use of this antibiotic for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18100 Granada, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas, CiberInfecc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Becerra
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - Eduardo Redondo-Cerezo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Targeting mitochondria as a potential therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114398. [PMID: 36773523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria is not only limited to energy generation but also in several physical and chemical processes critical for cell survival. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular apoptosis, calcium ion transport and cellular metabolism. Mutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genes, altered oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes, and deregulated signalling for cell viability are major reasons for cancer progression and chemoresistance. The development of drug resistance in cancer patients is a major challenge in cancer treatment as the resistant cells are often more aggressive. The drug resistant cells of numerous cancer types exhibit the deregulation of mitochondrial function. The increased biogenesis of mitochondria and its dynamic alteration contribute to developing resistance. Further, a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells in the heterogeneous tumor is primarily responsible for chemoresistance and has an attribute of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review highlights the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in chemoresistance in cancer cells through the processes of apoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy, and cancer stemness. Mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies might help reduce cancer progression and chemoresistance induced by various cancer drugs.
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43
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Farhadi P, Irani S, Gholami M, Mansouri K. A metabolism targeting three-pronged attack significantly attenuates breast cancer stem cell related markers toward therapeutic application. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114496. [PMID: 36948136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metabolism has provided researchers with a promising window to cancer therapy. The metabolic pathways adopted by cancer cells are different from those of normal cells. Thus, metabolism can be considered a linchpin in targeted cancer therapy. Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and mitochondria represent three critical metabolic spots with important roles in cancer cell survival and proliferation. In the present study, we aimed to target these pathways using three different inhibitors: 2-deoxyglucose, 6-aminonicotinamide, and doxycycline, separately and in combination. Accordingly, cell viability, lactate production, cell cycle profile, apoptotic profile, and expression of surface and molecular markers of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were investigated under adherent and sphere conditions. Our results from our set conditions indicated various inhibitory effects of these compounds on the breast cancer cell lines. Based on this all-around attack, the combination of drugs demonstrated the most effective inhibitory action compared to separate usage. This study suggests the combined application of these drugs in future investigations and more experimental settings in order to introduce this therapeutic strategy as an efficient anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Farhadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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44
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Zhu H, Chen Q, Zhao L, Hu P. Targeting ATP Synthase by Bedaquiline as a Therapeutic Strategy to Sensitize Ovarian Cancer to Cisplatin. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1271-1280. [PMID: 36880762 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2180825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a common chemotherapeutic drug for treating ovarian cancer, but its clinical efficacy is hampered by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Previous studies had shown inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Studies reveal that bedaquiline, a clinically available antimicrobial drug, inhibits cancer via targeting mitochondria. This study systematically assessed the efficacy of bedaquiline in ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanism. Using a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovary cells, we demonstrated bedaquiline is selective for anti-ovarian cancer activities. Furthermore, the sensitivity varied among different ovarian cancer cell lines regardless of their sensitivity to cisplatin. Bedaquiline inhibited growth, survival and migration, through decreasing levels of ATP synthase subunit, complex V activity, mitochondrial respiration and ATP. We further found that ovarian cancer displayed increased levels of ATP, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), complex V activity and ATP synthase subunits compared to normal counterpart. Combination index analysis showed that bedaquiline and cisplatin is synergistic. Bedaquiline remarkably enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth in mice. Our study provides evidence to repurpose bedaquiline for ovarian cancer treatment and suggests that ATP synthase is a selective target to overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qitian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Pengchao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiome and Cancerogenesis: A Review Story of Bacteria, Hormones, and Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050877. [PMID: 36900020 PMCID: PMC10000484 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that populate a particular environment in the human body, whereas the microbiome is defined by the entire habitat-microorganisms and their environment. The most abundant and, therefore, the most studied microbiome is that of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the microbiome of the female reproductive tract is an interesting research avenue, and this article explores its role in disease development. The vagina is the reproductive organ that hosts the largest number of bacteria, with a healthy profile represented mainly by Lactobacillus spp. On the other hand, the female upper reproductive tract (uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries) contains only a very small number of bacteria. Previously considered sterile, recent studies have shown the presence of a small microbiota here, but there are still debates on whether this is a physiologic or pathologic occurrence. Of particular note is that estrogen levels significantly influence the composition of the microbiota of the female reproductive tract. More and more studies show a link between the microbiome of the female reproductive tract and the development of gynecological cancers. This article reviews some of these findings.
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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Padinharayil H, Rai V, George A. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Mechanism-Based Perspectives to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041070. [PMID: 36831413 PMCID: PMC9954550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourteenth most common malignancy, is a major contributor to cancer-related death with the utmost case fatality rate among all malignancies. Functional mitochondria, regardless of their complex ecosystem relative to normal cells, are essential in PDAC progression. Tumor cells' potential to produce ATP as energy, despite retaining the redox potential optimum, and allocating materials for biosynthetic activities that are crucial for cell growth, survival, and proliferation, are assisted by mitochondria. The polyclonal tumor cells with different metabolic profiles may add to carcinogenesis through inter-metabolic coupling. Cancer cells frequently possess alterations in the mitochondrial genome, although they do not hinder metabolism; alternatively, they change bioenergetics. This can further impart retrograde signaling, educate cell signaling, epigenetic modifications, chromatin structures, and transcription machinery, and ultimately satisfy cancer cellular and nuclear demands. To maximize the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells remodel nearby stromal cells and extracellular matrix. These changes initiate polyclonality, which is crucial for growth, stress response, and metastasis. Here, we evaluate all the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways drawn by mitochondria in carcinogenesis, emphasizing the perspectives of mitochondrial metabolism in PDAC progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
- Correspondence:
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Zeng C, Long M, Lu Y. Monensin synergizes with chemotherapy in uveal melanoma through suppressing RhoA. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:35-42. [PMID: 36043455 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uveal melanoma (UM) is the common primary cancer of the eye and new treatments are needed. Substantial evidence has shown that an antibiotic monensin is an attractive candidate for the development of anti-cancer drug. In this study, we investigated the potential of repositioning monensin for the treatment of UM in the pre-clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular activity assays were performed using multiple cell lines representing UM models with different cellular origins and genetic profiling and normal cells as control. Combination studies were performed using Chou-Talalay method. Mechanism studies were performed using immunoblotting and ELISA. RESULTS Monensin was effective against all tested UM cell lines and less effective against normal fibroblast cells. Monensin induced G0/G1 arrest and thus decreased S phase, leading to UM cell growth inhibition. It also inhibited migration and induced apoptosis in UM cells. In addition, the combination of monensin and dacarbazine was synergistic in targeting UM cells. Our mechanistic studies showed that monensin specifically decreased activity of RhoA without affecting other small GTPases, such as Ras and Rac1. Consistently, monensin decreased phosphorylation of downstream effectors of RhoA signaling, including ROCK, MYPT1 and MLC. Rescue studies using RhoA activator calpeptin showed that calpeptin significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of monensin on RhoA activity, proliferation, migration and survival, confirming that RhoA is the target of monensin in UM cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that monensin is a potent inhibitor of UM and synergizes with chemotherapy, via suppressing RhoA activity and RhoA-mediated signaling. Our findings suggest that monensin may be a potential lead compound for further development into a drug for UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxia Zeng
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Mingxia Long
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital -Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Doxycycline-Induced Changes in Circulating MMP or TIMP2 Levels Are Not Associated with Skeletal-Related Event-Free or Overall Survival in Patients with Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030571. [PMID: 36765529 PMCID: PMC9913061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline is often used as a promoter of inducible gene expression in preclinical models; however, it can also have direct effects on tumor growth and survival. This is due in part to its ability to inhibit cell invasion and regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Given that doxycycline is also osteotropic, a clinical study to assess its effects on modulation of tumor progression or prevention of skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer (the Achilles trial) was undertaken. Patients received 100 mg of oral doxycycline twice daily for 12 weeks, with serum obtained at baseline and 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-initiation of doxycycline treatment. Exploratory analysis of the effects of doxycycline on circulating levels of MMP or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) was performed in enrolled patients. Statistically significant associations were observed between MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP2 at baseline with significant associations maintained between absolute levels and changes in levels of MMP2 and TIMP2 at weeks 4-12 post initiation of doxycycline. Treatment with doxycycline generally resulted in decreases in MMP2 and MMP9 levels with concurrent upregulation of TIMP2 at 12 weeks post-initiation of doxycycline treatment. Despite this, we observed no association with the levels of any of these factors with either SRE-free or overall survival in this patient cohort. In summary, despite observing hypothesized effects of doxycycline administration on surrogate markers of its anti-tumor activity, measures of circulating levels of these biomarkers were not prognostic in this patient population.
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Mauro-Lizcano M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. SOX2-high cancer cells exhibit an aggressive phenotype, with increases in stemness, proliferation and invasion, as well as higher metabolic activity and ATP production. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9877-9889. [PMID: 36566021 PMCID: PMC9831729 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer recurrence, treatment failure and metastatic dissemination. As such, the elimination of CSCs represents one of the most important approaches for the future of cancer treatment. Among other properties, CSCs show the activation of particular cell signalling pathways and the over-expression of certain transcription factors, such as SOX2. Herein, we describe a new model system to isolate stem-like cancer cells, based on the functional transcriptional activity of SOX2. Briefly, we employed a SOX2-enhancer-GFP-reporter system to isolate cancer cells with high SOX2 transcriptional activity by FACS sorting. The over-expression of SOX2 in this sub-population was validated by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. SOX2-high cancer cells showed CSCs features, such as greater mammosphere forming ability, validating that this sub-population was enriched in CSCs. To further explore the model, we analysed other stemness characteristics in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, corroborating that SOX2-high cells were more metabolically active, proliferative, migratory, invasive, and drug-resistant. SOX2-high MDA-MB-231 cells also showed a loss of E-cadherin expression, and increased Vimentin expression, consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, endogenous SOX2 transcriptional activity and protein levels are mechanistically linked to aggressive phenotypic behaviours and energy production in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mauro-Lizcano
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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