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González Olmedo C, Díaz Beltrán L, Madrid García V, Palacios Ferrer JL, Cano Jiménez A, Urbano Cubero R, Pérez del Palacio J, Díaz C, Vicente F, Sánchez Rovira P. Assessment of Untargeted Metabolomics by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Define Breast Cancer Liquid Biopsy-Based Biomarkers in Plasma Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5098. [PMID: 38791138 PMCID: PMC11120904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An early diagnosis of cancer is fundamental not only in regard to reducing its mortality rate but also in terms of counteracting the progression of the tumor in the initial stages. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor pathology in women and the second deathliest cancer worldwide, although its survival rate is increasing thanks to improvements in screening programs. However, the most common techniques to detect a breast tumor tend to be time-consuming, unspecific or invasive. Herein, the use of untargeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis appears as an analytical technique with potential use for the early detection of biomarkers in liquid biopsies from BC patients. In this research, plasma samples from 134 BC patients were compared with 136 from healthy controls (HC), and multivariate statistical analyses showed a clear separation between four BC phenotypes (LA, LB, HER2, and TN) and the HC group. As a result, we identified two candidate biomarkers that discriminated between the groups under study with a VIP > 1 and an AUC of 0.958. Thus, targeting the specific aberrant metabolic pathways in future studies may allow for better molecular stratification or early detection of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González Olmedo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (V.M.G.); (A.C.J.); (R.U.C.); (P.S.R.)
- Andalusian Public Foundation for Biosanitary Research in Eastern Andalusia (FIBAO), University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Leticia Díaz Beltrán
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (V.M.G.); (A.C.J.); (R.U.C.); (P.S.R.)
- Andalusian Public Foundation for Biosanitary Research in Eastern Andalusia (FIBAO), University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Verónica Madrid García
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (V.M.G.); (A.C.J.); (R.U.C.); (P.S.R.)
- Andalusian Public Foundation for Biosanitary Research in Eastern Andalusia (FIBAO), University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - José Luis Palacios Ferrer
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Alicia Cano Jiménez
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (V.M.G.); (A.C.J.); (R.U.C.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Rocío Urbano Cubero
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (V.M.G.); (A.C.J.); (R.U.C.); (P.S.R.)
| | - José Pérez del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.P.d.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.P.d.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.P.d.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Pedro Sánchez Rovira
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, C/Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain; (V.M.G.); (A.C.J.); (R.U.C.); (P.S.R.)
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2
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Dietzsch AN, Al-Hasani H, Altschmied J, Bottermann K, Brendler J, Haendeler J, Horn S, Kaczmarek I, Körner A, Krause K, Landgraf K, Le Duc D, Lehmann L, Lehr S, Pick S, Ricken A, Schnorr R, Schulz A, Strnadová M, Velluva A, Zabri H, Schöneberg T, Thor D, Prömel S. Dysfunction of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 1 (ADGRL1/LPHN1) increases the risk of obesity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:103. [PMID: 38664368 PMCID: PMC11045723 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the diseases with severe health consequences and rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence. Understanding the complex network of food intake and energy balance regulation is an essential prerequisite for pharmacological intervention with obesity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the main modulators of metabolism and energy balance. They, for instance, regulate appetite and satiety in certain hypothalamic neurons, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism and hormone secretion from adipocytes. Mutations in some GPCRs, such as the melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R), have been associated with early-onset obesity. Here, we identified the adhesion GPCR latrophilin 1 (ADGRL1/LPHN1) as a member of the regulating network governing food intake and the maintenance of energy balance. Deficiency of the highly conserved receptor in mice results in increased food consumption and severe obesity, accompanied by dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. Consistently, we identified a partially inactivating mutation in human ADGRL1/LPHN1 in a patient suffering from obesity. Therefore, we propose that LPHN1 dysfunction is a risk factor for obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Nguyen Dietzsch
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARID), Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Bottermann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARID), Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Brendler
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARID), Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Lehmann
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Albert Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene Schnorr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Strnadová
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akhil Velluva
- Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heba Zabri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Simone Prömel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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3
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Naja K, Anwardeen N, Malki AM, Elrayess MA. Metformin increases 3-hydroxy medium chain fatty acids in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional pharmacometabolomic study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1313597. [PMID: 38370354 PMCID: PMC10869496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1313597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is a drug with a long history of providing benefits in diabetes management and beyond. The mechanisms of action of metformin are complex, and continue to be actively debated and investigated. The aim of this study is to identify metabolic signatures associated with metformin treatment, which may explain the pleiotropic mechanisms by which metformin works, and could lead to an improved treatment and expanded use. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, in which clinical and metabolomic data for 146 patients with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from Qatar Biobank. Patients were categorized into: Metformin-treated, treatment naïve, and non-metformin treated. Orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis and linear models were used to analyze differences in the level of metabolites between the metformin treated group with each of the other two groups. Results Patients on metformin therapy showed, among other metabolites, a significant increase in 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate, which may have substantial effects on metabolism. Conclusions This is the first study to report an association between 3-hydroxy medium chain fatty acids with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. This opens up new directions towards repurposing metformin by comprehensively understanding the role of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Naja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed M. Malki
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Mohammad Nezhady MA, Modaresinejad M, Zia A, Chemtob S. Versatile lactate signaling via HCAR1: a multifaceted GPCR involved in many biological processes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1502-C1515. [PMID: 37899751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are the ultimate refuge of pharmacology and medicine as more than 40% of all marketed drugs are directly targeting these receptors. Through cell surface expression, they are at the forefront of cellular communication with the outside world. Metabolites among the conveyors of this communication are becoming more prominent with the recognition of them as ligands for GPCRs. HCAR1 is a GPCR conveyor of lactate. It is a class A GPCR coupled to Gαi which reduces cellular cAMP along with the downstream Gβγ signaling. It was first found to inhibit lipolysis, and lately has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including neural activities, angiogenesis, inflammation, vision, cardiovascular function, stem cell proliferation, and involved in promoting pathogenesis for different conditions, such as cancer. Other than signaling from the plasma membrane, HCAR1 shows nuclear localization with different location-biased activities therein. Although different functions for HCAR1 are being discovered, its cell and molecular mechanisms are yet ill understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on HCAR1, which covers the literature on the subject, and discusses its importance and relevance in various biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monir Modaresinejad
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliabbas Zia
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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You M, Xie Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Liu S, Zhuang W, Li L, Tao Y. Signaling pathways in cancer metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:196. [PMID: 37164974 PMCID: PMC10172373 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and affect the expression levels of genes in epigenetics, which is called metabolite sensing. Life body regulates metabolism, immunity, and inflammation by metabolite sensing, coordinating the pathophysiology of the host to achieve balance with the external environment. Metabolic reprogramming in cancers cause different phenotypic characteristics of cancer cell from normal cell, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. Metabolic disorders in cancer cells further create a microenvironment including many kinds of oncometabolites that are conducive to the growth of cancer, thus forming a vicious circle. At the same time, exogenous metabolites can also affect the biological behavior of tumors. Here, we discuss the metabolite sensing mechanisms of the three major nutrients and their derivatives, as well as their abnormalities in the development of various cancers, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets based on metabolite-sensing signaling pathways to prevent the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu You
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuolin Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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6
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Wagner W, Sobierajska K, Pułaski Ł, Stasiak A, Ciszewski WM. Whole grain metabolite 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a beneficial nutritional molecule with the feature of a double-edged sword in human health: a critical review and dietary considerations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37096487 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonprocessed foodstuffs of plant origin, especially whole-grain cereals, are considered to be health-promoting components of the human diet. While most of their well-studied effects derive from their high fiber content and low glycemic index, the presence of underrated phenolic phytonutrients has recently been brought to the attention of nutritionists. In this review, we report and discuss findings on the sources and bioactivities of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), which is both a direct dietary component (found, e.g., in apples) and, more importantly, a crucial metabolite of whole-grain cereal-derived alkylresorcinols (ARs). 3,5-DHBA is a recently described exogenous agonist of the HCAR1/GPR81 receptor. We concentrate on the HCAR1-mediated effects of 3,5-DHBA in the nervous system, on the maintenance of cell stemness, regulation of carcinogenesis, and response to anticancer therapy. Unexpectedly, malignant tumors take advantage of HCAR1 expression to sense 3,5-DHBA to support their growth. Thus, there is an urgent need to fully identify the role of whole-grain-derived 3,5-DHBA during anticancer therapy and its contribution in the regulation of vital organs of the body via its specific HCAR1 receptor. We discuss here in detail the possible consequences of the modulatory capabilities of 3,5-DHBA in physiological and pathological conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Wagner
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Pułaski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Stasiak
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Understanding the Contribution of Lactate Metabolism in Cancer Progress: A Perspective from Isomers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010087. [PMID: 36612084 PMCID: PMC9817756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate mediates multiple cell-intrinsic effects in cancer metabolism in terms of development, maintenance, and metastasis and is often correlated with poor prognosis. Its functions are undertaken as an energy source for neighboring carcinoma cells and serve as a lactormone for oncogenic signaling pathways. Indeed, two isomers of lactate are produced in the Warburg effect: L-lactate and D-lactate. L-lactate is the main end-production of glycolytic fermentation which catalyzes glucose, and tiny D-lactate is fabricated through the glyoxalase system. Their production inevitably affects cancer development and therapy. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms of lactate isomers production, and highlight emerging evidence of the carcinogenic biological effects of lactate and its isomers in cancer. Accordingly, therapy that targets lactate and its metabolism is a promising approach for anticancer treatment.
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8
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Kennedy L, Glesaaen ER, Palibrk V, Pannone M, Wang W, Al-Jabri A, Suganthan R, Meyer N, Austbø ML, Lin X, Bergersen LH, Bjørås M, Rinholm JE. Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates neurogenesis and microglia activation after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. eLife 2022; 11:76451. [PMID: 35942676 PMCID: PMC9363115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the leading cause of death and disability in newborns with the only current treatment being hypothermia. An increased understanding of the pathways that facilitate tissue repair after HI may aid the development of better treatments. Here, we study the role of lactate receptor HCAR1 in tissue repair after neonatal HI in mice. We show that HCAR1 knockout mice have reduced tissue regeneration compared with wildtype mice. Furthermore, proliferation of neural progenitor cells and glial cells, as well as microglial activation was impaired. Transcriptome analysis showed a strong transcriptional response to HI in the subventricular zone of wildtype mice involving about 7300 genes. In contrast, the HCAR1 knockout mice showed a modest response, involving about 750 genes. Notably, fundamental processes in tissue repair such as cell cycle and innate immunity were dysregulated in HCAR1 knockout. Our data suggest that HCAR1 is a key transcriptional regulator of pathways that promote tissue regeneration after HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauritz Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie R Glesaaen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vuk Palibrk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marco Pannone
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ali Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajikala Suganthan
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niklas Meyer
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Landa Austbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne E Rinholm
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Jin L, Guo Y, Chen J, Wen Z, Jiang Y, Qian J. Lactate receptor HCAR1 regulates cell growth, metastasis and maintenance of cancer‑specific energy metabolism in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:268. [PMID: 35775372 PMCID: PMC9260879 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, the preferential use of anaerobic glycolysis by tumour cells leads to a high level of lactate accumulation in tumour microenvironment. Lactate acts not only as a cellular energy source but also as a signalling molecule that regulates cancer cell growth, metastasis and metabolism. It has been reported that a G‑protein‑coupled receptor for lactate named hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) is highly expressed in numerous types of cancer, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, it was reported that HCAR1 is highly expressed in breast cancer cells. Genetic deletion of HCAR1 in MCF7 cells leads to reduced cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, it was observed that knockout (KO) of HCAR1 attenuated the expression and activity of phosphofructokinase and hexokinase, key rate‑limiting enzymes in glycolysis. Using an extracellular flux analyzer, it was showed that KO of HCAR1 promoted a metabolic shift towards a decreased glycolysis state, as evidenced by a decreased extracellular acidification rate and increased oxygen consumption rate in MCF7 cells. Taken together, our results suggested that lactate acts through HCAR1 as a metabolic regulator in breast cancer cells that may be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jin
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wen
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Jiang
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Huzhou University Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
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10
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Pardella E, Ippolito L, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Nutritional and metabolic signalling through GPCRs. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2364-2381. [PMID: 35776088 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-known feature of several challenging diseases, including diabetes, obesity and cancer. Besides their important role as intracellular bioenergetic molecules, dietary nutrients and metabolic intermediates are released in the extracellular environment. As such, they may achieve unconventional roles as hormone-like molecules by activating cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate several pathophysiological processes. In this review, we provide an insight into the role of lactate, succinate, fatty acids, amino acids, ketogenesis-derived and β-oxidation-derived intermediates as extracellular signalling molecules. Moreover, the mechanisms by which their cognate metabolite-sensing GPCRs integrate nutritional and metabolic signals with specific intracellular pathways will be described. A better comprehension of these aspects is of fundamental importance to identify GPCRs as novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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11
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Tumor Microenvironment: Lactic Acid Promotes Tumor Development. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3119375. [PMID: 35733921 PMCID: PMC9207018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3119375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid is a "metabolic waste" product of glycolysis that is produced in the body. However, the role of lactic acid in the development of human malignancies has gained increasing interest lately as a multifunctional small molecule chemical. There is evidence that tumor cells may create a large amount of lactic acid through glycolysis even when they have abundant oxygen. Tumor tissues have a higher quantity of lactic acid than normal tissues. Lactic acid is required for tumor development. Lactate is an immunomodulatory chemical that affects both innate and adaptive immune cells' effector functions. In immune cells, the lactate signaling pathway may potentially serve as a link between metabolism and immunity. Lactate homeostasis is significantly disrupted in the TME. Lactate accumulation results in acidosis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and tumor cell proliferation and survival, all of which are deleterious to health. Thus, augmenting anticancer immune responses by lactate metabolism inhibition may modify lactate levels in the tumor microenvironment. This review will evaluate the role of lactic acid in tumor formation, metastasis, prognosis, treatment, and histone modification. Our findings will be of considerable interest to readers, particularly those engaged in the therapeutic treatment of cancer patients. Treatments targeting the inhibition of lactate synthesis and blocking the source of lactate have emerged as a potential new therapeutic option for oncology patients. Additionally, lactic acid levels in the plasma may serve as biomarkers for disease stage and may be beneficial for evaluating therapy effectiveness in individuals with tumors.
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12
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Rabe P, Gehmlich M, Peters A, Krumbholz P, Nordström A, Stäubert C. Combining metabolic phenotype determination with metabolomics and transcriptional analyses to reveal pathways regulated by hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:47. [PMID: 35697980 PMCID: PMC9192902 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptation of cellular metabolism is considered a hallmark of cancer. Oncogenic signaling pathways support tumorigenesis and cancer progression through the induction of certain metabolic phenotypes associated with altered regulation of key metabolic enzymes. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor previously shown to act as a tumor suppressor. Here, we aimed to unveil the connection between cellular metabolism and HCA2 in BT-474 cells. Moreover, we intend to clarify how well this metabolic phenotype is reflected in transcriptional changes and metabolite levels as determined by global metabolomics analyses. METHODS We performed both, siRNA mediated knockdown of HCA2 and stimulation with the HCA2-specific agonist monomethyl fumarate. Seahorse technology was used to determine the role of HCA2 in BT-474 breast cancer cell metabolism and its potential to induce a switch in the metabolic phenotype in the presence of different energy substrates. Changes in the mRNA expression of metabolic enzymes were detected with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolic profiling was used to determine changes in metabolite levels. RESULTS Knockdown or stimulation of HCA2 induced changes in the metabolic phenotype of BT474 cells dependent on the availability of energy substrates. The presence of HCA2 was associated with increased glycolytic flux with no fatty acids available. This was reflected in the increased mRNA expression of the glycolytic enzymes PFKFB4 and PKM2, which are known to promote the Warburg effect and have been described as prognostic markers in different types of cancer. With exogenous palmitate present, HCA2 caused elevated fatty acid oxidation and likely lipolysis. The increase in lipolysis was also detectable at the transcriptional level of ATGL and the metabolite levels of palmitic and stearic acid. CONCLUSIONS We combined metabolic phenotype determination with metabolomics and transcriptional analyses and identified HCA2 as a regulator of glycolytic flux and fatty acid metabolism in BT-474 breast cancer cells. Thus, HCA2, for which agonists are already widely used to treat diseases such as psoriasis or hyperlipidemia, may prove useful as a target in combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rabe
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mareike Gehmlich
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Peters
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Krumbholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anders Nordström
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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13
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Wang YC, Ku WC, Liu CY, Cheng YC, Chien CC, Chang KW, Huang CJ. Supplementation of Probiotic Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum Mediates Anticancer Effect on Bladder Urothelial Cells by Regulating Butyrate-Responsive Molecular Signatures. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122270. [PMID: 34943506 PMCID: PMC8700285 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype, accounting for more than 90% of cases. Pathogenic effects due to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota are localized not only in the colon, but also in regulating bladder cancer distally. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut microbial metabolism, is mainly studied in colon diseases. Therefore, the resolution of the anti-cancer effects of butyrate-producing microbes on bladder urothelial cells and knowledge of the butyrate-responsive molecules must have clinical significance. Here, we demonstrate a correlation between urothelial cancer of the bladder and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. This butyrate-producing microbe or their metabolite, butyrate, mediated anti-cancer effects on bladder urothelial cells by regulating cell cycle, cell growth, apoptosis, and gene expression. For example, a tumor suppressor against urothelial cancer of the bladder, bladder cancer-associated protein, was induced in butyrate-treated HT1376 cells, a human urinary bladder cancer cell line. In conclusion, urothelial cancer of the bladder is a significant health problem. To improve the health of bladder urothelial cells, supplementation of B. pullicaecorum may be necessary and can further regulate butyrate-responsive molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chieh Wang
- Department of Urology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 221037, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan; (W.-C.K.); (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Wei Chang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106438, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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14
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McGuire Sams C, Shepp K, Pugh J, Bishop MR, Merner ND. Rare and potentially pathogenic variants in hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor genes identified in breast cancer cases. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:284. [PMID: 34852802 PMCID: PMC8638184 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three genes clustered together on chromosome 12 comprise a group of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCARs): HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3. These paralogous genes encode different G-protein coupled receptors responsible for detecting glycolytic metabolites and controlling fatty acid oxidation. Though better known for regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes, more recently, HCARs have been functionally associated with breast cancer proliferation/survival; HCAR2 has been described as a tumor suppressor and HCAR1 and HCAR3 as oncogenes. Thus, we sought to identify germline variants in HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3 that could potentially be associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS Two different cohorts of breast cancer cases were investigated, the Alabama Hereditary Cancer Cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas, which were analyzed through nested PCRs/Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, respectively. All datasets were screened for rare, non-synonymous coding variants. RESULTS Variants were identified in both breast cancer cohorts, some of which appeared to be associated with breast cancer BC risk, including HCAR1 c.58C > G (p.P20A), HCAR2 c.424C > T (p.R142W), HCAR2 c.517_518delinsAC (p.G173T), HCAR2 c.1036A > G (p.M346V), HCAR2 c.1086_1090del (p.P363Nfs*26), HCAR3 c.560G > A (p.R187Q), and HCAR3 c.1117delC (p.Q373Kfs*82). Additionally, HCAR2 c.515C > T (p.S172L), a previously identified loss-of-function variant, was identified. CONCLUSIONS Due to the important role of HCARs in breast cancer, it is vital to understand how these genetic variants play a role in breast cancer risk and proliferation and their consequences on treatment strategies. Additional studies will be needed to validate these findings. Nevertheless, the identification of these potentially pathogenic variants supports the need to investigate their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierla McGuire Sams
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 165 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kasey Shepp
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 165 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jada Pugh
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 165 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Madison R Bishop
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 165 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Nancy D Merner
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 165 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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15
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Construction and Validation of an Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Index for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7430315. [PMID: 34722771 PMCID: PMC8553461 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7430315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy may benefit patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, novel biomarkers are needed to help predict the response of patients to treatment. Differentially expressed immune-related genes within The Cancer Genome Atlas ESCC dataset were selected using the weighted gene coexpression network and lasso Cox regression analyses. Based on these data, an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) was constructed. The molecular characteristics of the different IRGPI subgroups were assessed using mutation information and gene set enrichment analysis. Differences in immune cell infiltration and the response to ICI therapy and other drugs were also analyzed. Additionally, tumor and adjacent control tissues were collected from six patients with ESCC and the expression of these genes was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IRGPI was designed based on CLDN1, HCAR3, FNBP1L, and BRCA2, the expression of which was confirmed in ESCC samples. The prognosis of patients in the high-IRGPI group was poor, as verified using publicly available expression data. KMT2D mutations were more common in the high-IRGPI group. Enrichment analysis revealed an active immune response, and immune infiltration assessment showed that the high-IRGPI group had an increased infiltration degree of CD8 T cells, which contributed to the improved response to ICI treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IRGPI is a robust biomarker for predicting the prognosis and response to therapy of patients with ESCC.
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16
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Ion Channels, Transporters, and Sensors Interact with the Acidic Tumor Microenvironment to Modify Cancer Progression. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:39-84. [PMID: 34291319 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors, including breast carcinomas, are heterogeneous but typically characterized by elevated cellular turnover and metabolism, diffusion limitations based on the complex tumor architecture, and abnormal intra- and extracellular ion compositions particularly as regards acid-base equivalents. Carcinogenesis-related alterations in expression and function of ion channels and transporters, cellular energy levels, and organellar H+ sequestration further modify the acid-base composition within tumors and influence cancer cell functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Cancer cells defend their cytosolic pH and HCO3- concentrations better than normal cells when challenged with the marked deviations in extracellular H+, HCO3-, and lactate concentrations typical of the tumor microenvironment. Ionic gradients determine the driving forces for ion transporters and channels and influence the membrane potential. Cancer and stromal cells also sense abnormal ion concentrations via intra- and extracellular receptors that modify cancer progression and prognosis. With emphasis on breast cancer, the current review first addresses the altered ion composition and the changes in expression and functional activity of ion channels and transporters in solid cancer tissue. It then discusses how ion channels, transporters, and cellular sensors under influence of the acidic tumor microenvironment shape cancer development and progression and affect the potential of cancer therapies.
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17
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Kiran D, Basaraba RJ. Lactate Metabolism and Signaling in Tuberculosis and Cancer: A Comparative Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624607. [PMID: 33718271 PMCID: PMC7952876 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leading to tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be a major global health challenge. Critical barriers, including but not limited to the development of multi-drug resistance, lack of diagnostic assays that detect patients with latent TB, an effective vaccine that prevents Mtb infection, and infectious and non-infectious comorbidities that complicate active TB, continue to hinder progress toward a TB cure. To complement the ongoing development of new antimicrobial drugs, investigators in the field are exploring the value of host-directed therapies (HDTs). This therapeutic strategy targets the host, rather than Mtb, and is intended to augment host responses to infection such that the host is better equipped to prevent or clear infection and resolve chronic inflammation. Metabolic pathways of immune cells have been identified as promising HDT targets as more metabolites and metabolic pathways have shown to play a role in TB pathogenesis and disease progression. Specifically, this review highlights the potential role of lactate as both an immunomodulatory metabolite and a potentially important signaling molecule during the host response to Mtb infection. While long thought to be an inert end product of primarily glucose metabolism, the cancer research field has discovered the importance of lactate in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Herein, we discuss similarities between the TB granuloma and tumor microenvironments in the context of lactate metabolism and identify key metabolic and signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in tumor progression but have yet to be explored within the context of TB. Ultimately, lactate metabolism and signaling could be viable HDT targets for TB; however, critical additional research is needed to better understand the role of lactate at the host-pathogen interface during Mtb infection before adopting this HDT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall J. Basaraba
- Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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18
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Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masia D, Barrachina MD, Calatayud S. Metabolite Sensing GPCRs: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment? Cells 2020; 9:cells9112345. [PMID: 33113952 PMCID: PMC7690732 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors constitute the most diverse and largest receptor family in the human genome, with approximately 800 different members identified. Given the well-known metabolic alterations in cancer development, we will focus specifically in the 19 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can be selectively activated by metabolites. These metabolite sensing GPCRs control crucial processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival after their activation. In the present review, we will describe the main functions of these metabolite sensing GPCRs and shed light on the benefits of their potential use as possible pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masia
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
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19
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Hu J, Cai M, Liu Y, Liu B, Xue X, Ji R, Bian X, Lou S. The roles of GRP81 as a metabolic sensor and inflammatory mediator. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8938-8950. [PMID: 32342523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GPR81 (also named as HCA1) is a member of a subfamily of orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), coupled to Gi -type G proteins. GPR81 was discovered in 2001 and identified as the only known endogenous receptor of lactate under physiological conditions in 2008, which opened a new field of research on how lactate may act as a signal molecule along with the GPR81 expression in the roles of metabolic process and inflammatory response. Recent studies showed that the physiological functions of GPR81 include lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, metabolic excitability in the brain, cellular development, and inflammatory response modulation. These findings may reveal a novel therapeutic strategy to treat clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This article will summarize past research on GPR81, including its characteristics of distribution and expression, functional residues, pharmacological, and physiological agonists, involvement in signal transduction, and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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20
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Röthe J, Thor D, Winkler J, Knierim AB, Binder C, Huth S, Kraft R, Rothemund S, Schöneberg T, Prömel S. Involvement of the Adhesion GPCRs Latrophilins in the Regulation of Insulin Release. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1573-1584.e5. [PMID: 30726739 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is a highly complex and tightly regulated process. Its dysregulation is one characteristic of type 2 diabetes, and thus, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms controlling insulin secretion is essential for rational therapeutic intervention. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been established as major regulators of insulin exocytosis. Recent studies also suggest the involvement of adhesion GPCRs, a non-prototypical class of GPCRs. Here, we identify latrophilins, which belong to the class of adhesion GPCRs, to be highly expressed in different cell types of pancreatic islets. In vitro and ex vivo analyses show that distinct splice variants of the latrophilin LPHN3/ADGRL3 decrease insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells by reducing intracellular cyclic AMP levels via the Gi-mediated pathway. Our data highlight the key role of LPHN3 in modulating insulin secretion and its potential as therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Röthe
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jana Winkler
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander B Knierim
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Huth
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Rothemund
- Core Unit Peptide Technologies, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Prömel
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Taddei ML, Pietrovito L, Leo A, Chiarugi P. Lactate in Sarcoma Microenvironment: Much More than just a Waste Product. Cells 2020; 9:E510. [PMID: 32102348 PMCID: PMC7072766 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignant tumors relatively resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Sarcoma progression is deeply dependent on environmental conditions that sustain both cancer growth and invasive abilities. Sarcoma microenvironment is composed of different stromal cell types and extracellular proteins. In this context, cancer cells may cooperate or compete with stromal cells for metabolic nutrients to sustain their survival and to adapt to environmental changes. The strict interplay between stromal and sarcoma cells deeply affects the extracellular metabolic milieu, thus altering the behavior of both cancer cells and other non-tumor cells, including immune cells. Cancer cells are typically dependent on glucose fermentation for growth and lactate is one of the most heavily increased metabolites in the tumor bulk. Currently, lactate is no longer considered a waste product of the Warburg metabolism, but novel signaling molecules able to regulate the behavior of tumor cells, tumor-stroma interactions and the immune response. In this review, we illustrate the role of lactate in the strong acidity microenvironment of sarcoma. Really, in the biological context of sarcoma, where novel targeted therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes in combination with current therapies or as an alternative treatment, lactate targeting could be a promising approach to future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Taddei
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrovito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy; (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Angela Leo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy; (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy; (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Tuscany Tumor Institute and “Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE”, 50134 Florence, Italy
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22
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Brown TP, Ganapathy V. Lactate/GPR81 signaling and proton motive force in cancer: Role in angiogenesis, immune escape, nutrition, and Warburg phenomenon. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107451. [PMID: 31836453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of biochemical pathways is a hallmark of cancer cells, and generation of lactic acid from glucose/glutamine represents one of the consequences of such metabolic alterations. Cancer cells export lactic acid out to prevent intracellular acidification, not only increasing lactate levels but also creating an acidic pH in extracellular milieu. Lactate and protons in tumor microenvironment are not innocuous bystander metabolites but have special roles in promoting tumor-cell proliferation and growth. Lactate functions as a signaling molecule by serving as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR81, involving both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the autocrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on cancer cells; in the paracrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes present in tumor stroma. The end result of GPR81 activation is promotion of angiogenesis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. The acidic pH creates an inwardly directed proton gradient across the cancer-cell plasma membrane, which provides driving force for proton-coupled transporters in cancer cells to enhance supply of selective nutrients. There are several molecular targets in the pathways involved in the generation of lactic acid by cancer cells and its role in tumor promotion for potential development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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23
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Chen R, Sugiyama A, Seno H, Sugimoto M. Identification of modules and functional analysis in CRC subtypes by integrated bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221772. [PMID: 31469863 PMCID: PMC6716647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the top three causes of cancer-related mortality globally, but no predictive molecular biomarkers are currently available for identifying the disease stage of colorectal cancer patients. Common molecular patterns in the disease, beyond superficial manifestations, can be significant in determining treatment choices. In this study, we used microarray data from colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissue from the GEO database. These data were categorized into four consensus molecular subtypes based on distinct gene expression signatures. Weighted gene-based protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed for each subtype. NUSAP1, CD44, and COL4A1 modules were found to be statistically significant and present among all the subtypes and displayed though similar but not identical functional enrichment results. Reference of the characteristics of the subtypes to functional modules is necessary since the latter can stay resistant to platform changes and technique noise when compared with other analyses. The CMS4-mesenchymal group, which currently has a poor prognosis, was examined in the study. It is composed mainly of genes involved in immune and stromal expression, with modules focused on ECM dysregulation and chemokine biological processes. Hub genes detection and its' mapping into the protein-protein interaction network can be indicative of possible targets against specific modules. This approach identified subtypes using enrichment-oriented analysis in functional modules. Proper annotation of functional analysis of modules from different subtypes of CRC might be directive for finding extra options for treatment targets and guiding clinical routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies Health Promotion and Preemptive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Payen VL, Mina E, Van Hée VF, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. Monocarboxylate transporters in cancer. Mol Metab 2019; 33:48-66. [PMID: 31395464 PMCID: PMC7056923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors are highly plastic metabolic entities composed of cancer and host cells that can adopt different metabolic phenotypes. For energy production, cancer cells may use 4 main fuels that are shuttled in 5 different metabolic pathways. Glucose fuels glycolysis that can be coupled to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in oxidative cancer cells or to lactic fermentation in proliferating and in hypoxic cancer cells. Lipids fuel lipolysis, glutamine fuels glutaminolysis, and lactate fuels the oxidative pathway of lactate, all of which are coupled to the TCA cycle and OXPHOS for energy production. This review focuses on the latter metabolic pathway. Scope of review Lactate, which is prominently produced by glycolytic cells in tumors, was only recently recognized as a major fuel for oxidative cancer cells and as a signaling agent. Its exchanges across membranes are gated by monocarboxylate transporters MCT1-4. This review summarizes the current knowledge about MCT structure, regulation and functions in cancer, with a specific focus on lactate metabolism, lactate-induced angiogenesis and MCT-dependent cancer metastasis. It also describes lactate signaling via cell surface lactate receptor GPR81. Major conclusions Lactate and MCTs, especially MCT1 and MCT4, are important contributors to tumor aggressiveness. Analyses of MCT-deficient (MCT+/- and MCT−/-) animals and (MCT-mutated) humans indicate that they are druggable, with MCT1 inhibitors being in advanced development phase and MCT4 inhibitors still in the discovery phase. Imaging lactate fluxes non-invasively using a lactate tracer for positron emission tomography would further help to identify responders to the treatments. In cancer, hypoxia and cell proliferation are associated to lactic acid production. Lactate exchanges are at the core of tumor metabolism. Transmembrane lactate trafficking depends on monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). MCTs are implicated in tumor development and aggressiveness. Targeting MCTs is a therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Pole of Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincent F Van Hée
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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Madaan A, Chaudhari P, Nadeau-Vallée M, Hamel D, Zhu T, Mitchell G, Samuels M, Pundir S, Dabouz R, Howe Cheng CW, Mohammad Nezhady MA, Joyal JS, Rivera JC, Chemtob S. Müller Cell-Localized G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 81 (Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1) Regulates Inner Retinal Vasculature via Norrin/Wnt Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1878-1896. [PMID: 31220454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies are characterized by a progressive microvascular degeneration followed by a postischemic aberrant neovascularization. To reinstate vascular supply and metabolic equilibrium to the ischemic tissue during ischemic retinopathies, a dysregulated production of growth factors and metabolic intermediates occurs, promoting retinal angiogenesis. Glycolysis-derived lactate, highly produced during ischemic conditions, has been associated with tumor angiogenesis and wound healing. Lactate exerts its biological effects via G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) in several tissues; however, its physiological functions and mechanisms of action in the retina remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that GPR81, localized predominantly in Müller cells, governs deep vascular complex formation during development and in ischemic retinopathy. Lactate-stimulated GPR81 Müller cells produce numerous angiogenic factors, including Wnt ligands and particularly Norrin, which contributes significantly in triggering inner retinal blood vessel formation. Conversely, GPR81-null mice retina shows reduced inner vascular network formation associated with low levels of Norrin (and Wnt ligands). Lactate accumulation during ischemic retinopathy selectively activates GPR81-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-Norrin signaling to accelerate inner retinal vascularization in wild-type animals, but not in the retina of GPR81-null mice. Altogether, we reveal that lactate via GPR81-Norrin participates in inner vascular network development and in restoration of the vasculature in response to injury. These findings suggest a new potential therapeutic target to alleviate ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Madaan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Prabhas Chaudhari
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Nadeau-Vallée
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Hamel
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tang Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grant Mitchell
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Samuels
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheetal Pundir
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rabah Dabouz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin Wayne Howe Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad A Mohammad Nezhady
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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26
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Peters A, Krumbholz P, Jäger E, Heintz-Buschart A, Çakir MV, Rothemund S, Gaudl A, Ceglarek U, Schöneberg T, Stäubert C. Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008145. [PMID: 31120900 PMCID: PMC6532841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay of microbiota and the human host is physiologically crucial in health and diseases. The beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), permanently colonizing the human intestine or transiently obtained from food, have been extensively reported. However, the molecular understanding of how LAB modulate human physiology is still limited. G protein-coupled receptors for hydroxycarboxylic acids (HCAR) are regulators of immune functions and energy homeostasis under changing metabolic and dietary conditions. Most mammals have two HCAR (HCA1, HCA2) but humans and other hominids contain a third member (HCA3) in their genomes. A plausible hypothesis why HCA3 function was advantageous in hominid evolution was lacking. Here, we used a combination of evolutionary, analytical and functional methods to unravel the role of HCA3in vitro and in vivo. The functional studies included different pharmacological assays, analyses of human monocytes and pharmacokinetic measurements in human. We report the discovery of the interaction of D-phenyllactic acid (D-PLA) and the human host through highly potent activation of HCA3. D-PLA is an anti-bacterial metabolite found in high concentrations in LAB-fermented food such as Sauerkraut. We demonstrate that D-PLA from such alimentary sources is well absorbed from the human gut leading to high plasma and urine levels and triggers pertussis toxin-sensitive migration of primary human monocytes in an HCA3-dependent manner. We provide evolutionary, analytical and functional evidence supporting the hypothesis that HCA3 was consolidated in hominids as a new signaling system for LAB-derived metabolites. Although it has been known for 15 years that HCA3 is present in humans and other hominids but absent in all other mammals, no study so far aimed to understand why HCA3 was functionally preserved during evolution. Here, we take advantage of evolutionary analyses which we combine with functional assays of hominid HCA3 orthologs. In search for a reasonable scenario explaining the accumulated amino acid changes in HCA3 of hominids we discovered D-phenyllactic acid (D-PLA), a metabolite produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as the so far most potent agonist specifically activating HCA3. Further, oral ingestion of Sauerkraut, known to contain high levels of D-PLA, caused subsequent plasma concentrations sufficient to activate HCA3. Our data interpreted in an evolutionary context suggests that the availability of a new food repertoire under changed ecological conditions triggered the fixation of HCA3 which took over new functions in hominids. These findings are particularly important because they unveiled HCA3, which is not only expressed in various immune cells but also adipocytes, lung and skin, as a player that transfers signals of LAB-derived metabolites into a physiological response in humans. This opens up new directions towards the understanding of the versatile beneficial effects of LAB and their metabolites for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Peters
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Krumbholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jäger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mehmet Volkan Çakir
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Rothemund
- Core Unit Peptide-Technologies, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Gaudl
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Current Status and Future Prospects of Clinically Exploiting Cancer-specific Metabolism-Why Is Tumor Metabolism Not More Extensively Translated into Clinical Targets and Biomarkers? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061385. [PMID: 30893889 PMCID: PMC6471292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit a specialized metabolism supporting their superior ability for rapid proliferation, migration, and apoptotic evasion. It is reasonable to assume that the specific metabolic needs of the tumor cells can offer an array of therapeutic windows as pharmacological disturbance may derail the biochemical mechanisms necessary for maintaining the tumor characteristics, while being less important for normally proliferating cells. In addition, the specialized metabolism may leave a unique metabolic signature which could be used clinically for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Quantitative global metabolic profiling (metabolomics) has evolved over the last two decades. However, despite the technology’s present ability to measure 1000s of endogenous metabolites in various clinical or biological specimens, there are essentially no examples of metabolomics investigations being translated into actual utility in the cancer clinic. This review investigates the current efforts of using metabolomics as a tool for translation of tumor metabolism into the clinic and further seeks to outline paths for increasing the momentum of using tumor metabolism as a biomarker and drug target opportunity.
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28
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Mandrika I, Tilgase A, Petrovska R, Klovins J. Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor Ligands Modulate Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Human Macrophages and Adipocytes without Affecting Adipose Differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1574-1580. [PMID: 30270326 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor (HCA1-3) family are mainly expressed in adipocytes and immune cells. HCA2 ligand, niacin, has been used for decades as lipid-modifying drug. Recent studies suggest that HCA ligands can be involved in the modulation of inflammatory processes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HCA1-3 ligands on adipose differentiation and cytokine expression in human adipocytes and macrophages. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) preadipocytes were induced to differentiate into adipocytes for 8 d in the presence or absence of HCA ligands and evaluated for lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. The inhibitory effects of the ligands on the expression and production of cytokines were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated adipocytes and THP-1 macrophage cells. Preadipocytes treated with HCA ligands showed no changes in the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes and no significant alteration in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) or its target gene expression. HCA2-3 ligands significantly downregulated LPS-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6 (53-64%), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (55-69%) and IL-8 (51-59%) in adipocytes and macrophages. IL-1β inhibition (58-68%) by HCA2-3 ligands was observed only in adipocytes. Furthermore, LPS increased the expression of HCA2-3 in adipocytes and macrophages and this expression was decreased by treatment with their ligands. These results suggest that HCA ligands modulated LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expression in both macrophages and adipocytes without affecting adipogenesis. Therefore, targeting HCA2 and HCA3 would be beneficial in treating inflammation conditions associated with atherosclerosis and obesity.
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Vardjan N, Chowdhury HH, Horvat A, Velebit J, Malnar M, Muhič M, Kreft M, Krivec ŠG, Bobnar ST, Miš K, Pirkmajer S, Offermanns S, Henriksen G, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH, Zorec R. Enhancement of Astroglial Aerobic Glycolysis by Extracellular Lactate-Mediated Increase in cAMP. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:148. [PMID: 29867342 PMCID: PMC5953330 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being a neuronal fuel, L-lactate is also a signal in the brain. Whether extracellular L-lactate affects brain metabolism, in particular astrocytes, abundant neuroglial cells, which produce L-lactate in aerobic glycolysis, is unclear. Recent studies suggested that astrocytes express low levels of the L-lactate GPR81 receptor (EC50 ≈ 5 mM) that is in fat cells part of an autocrine loop, in which the Gi-protein mediates reduction of cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). To study whether a similar signaling loop is present in astrocytes, affecting aerobic glycolysis, we measured the cytosolic levels of cAMP, D-glucose and L-lactate in single astrocytes using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensors. In contrast to the situation in fat cells, stimulation by extracellular L-lactate and the selective GPR81 agonists, 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (3Cl-5OH-BA) or 4-methyl-N-(5-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-4-(2-thienyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Compound 2), like adrenergic stimulation, elevated intracellular cAMP and L-lactate in astrocytes, which was reduced by the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Surprisingly, 3Cl-5OH-BA and Compound 2 increased cytosolic cAMP also in GPR81-knock out astrocytes, indicating that the effect is GPR81-independent and mediated by a novel, yet unidentified, excitatory L-lactate receptor-like mechanism in astrocytes that enhances aerobic glycolysis and L-lactate production via a positive feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena H Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelena Velebit
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Malnar
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Muhič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela G Krivec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša T Bobnar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Miš
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gjermund Henriksen
- Nuclear and Energy Physics, Department of Physics, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, CMBN/SERTA Healthy Brain Ageing Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lee YJ, Shin KJ, Park SA, Park KS, Park S, Heo K, Seo YK, Noh DY, Ryu SH, Suh PG. G-protein-coupled receptor 81 promotes a malignant phenotype in breast cancer through angiogenic factor secretion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70898-70911. [PMID: 27765922 PMCID: PMC5342597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) functions as a receptor for lactate and plays an important role in the regulation of anti-lipolytic effects in adipocytes. However, to data, a role for GPR81 in the tumor microenvironment has not been clearly defined. Here, GPR81 expression in breast cancer patients and several breast cancer cell lines was significantly increased compared with normal mammary tissues and cells. GPR81 knockdown resulted in impaired breast cancer growth and led to apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the inhibition of GPR81 signaling suppressed angiogenesis through a phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway, which led to decreased production of the pro-angiogenic mediator amphiregulin (AREG). Overall, these findings identify GPR81 as a tumor-promoting receptor in breast cancer progression and suggest a novel mechanism that regulates GPR81-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ah Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Su Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seorim Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- New Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Dantoft W, Martínez-Vicente P, Jafali J, Pérez-Martínez L, Martin K, Kotzamanis K, Craigon M, Auer M, Young NT, Walsh P, Marchant A, Angulo A, Forster T, Ghazal P. Genomic Programming of Human Neonatal Dendritic Cells in Congenital Systemic and In Vitro Cytomegalovirus Infection Reveal Plastic and Robust Immune Pathway Biology Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1146. [PMID: 28993767 PMCID: PMC5622154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates and especially premature infants are highly susceptible to infection but still can have a remarkable resilience that is poorly understood. The view that neonates have an incomplete or deficient immune system is changing. Human neonatal studies are challenging, and elucidating host protective responses and underlying cognate pathway biology, in the context of viral infection in early life, remains to be fully explored. In both resource rich and poor settings, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection. By using unbiased systems analyses of transcriptomic resources for HCMV neonatal infection, we find the systemic response of a preterm congenital HCMV infection, involves a focused IFN regulatory response associated with dendritic cells. Further analysis of transcriptional-programming of neonatal dendritic cells in response to HCMV infection in culture revealed an early dominant IFN-chemokine regulatory subnetworks, and at later times the plasticity of pathways implicated in cell-cycle control and lipid metabolism. Further, we identify previously unknown suppressed networks associated with infection, including a select group of GPCRs. Functional siRNA viral growth screen targeting 516-GPCRs and subsequent validation identified novel GPCR-dependent antiviral (ADORA1) and proviral (GPR146, RGS16, PTAFR, SCTR, GPR84, GPR85, NMUR2, FZ10, RDS, CCL17, and SORT1) roles. By contrast a gene family cluster of protocadherins is significantly differentially induced in neonatal cells, suggestive of possible immunomodulatory roles. Unexpectedly, programming responses of adult and neonatal dendritic cells, upon HCMV infection, demonstrated comparable quantitative and qualitative responses showing that functionally, neonatal dendritic cell are not overly compromised. However, a delay in responses of neonatal cells for IFN subnetworks in comparison with adult-derived cells are notable, suggestive of subtle plasticity differences. These findings support a set-point control mechanism rather than immaturity for explaining not only neonatal susceptibility but also resilience to infection. In summary, our findings show that neonatal HCMV infection leads to a highly plastic and functional robust programming of dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro. In comparison with adults, a minimal number of subtle quantitative and temporal differences may contribute to variability in host susceptibility and resilience, in a context dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widad Dantoft
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Martínez-Vicente
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Jafali
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Pérez-Martínez
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Quantitative Proteomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kim Martin
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Synexa Life Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Konstantinos Kotzamanis
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Craigon
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Auer
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,SynthSys-Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil T Young
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Walsh
- NSilico Life Science and Department of Computing, Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thorsten Forster
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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32
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Ristic B, Bhutia YD, Ganapathy V. Cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors for tumor-associated metabolites: A direct link to mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:246-257. [PMID: 28512002 PMCID: PMC5997391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, ketogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. Attenuation of mitochondrial function is one of the most significant changes that occurs in tumor cells, directly linked to oncogenesis, angiogenesis, Warburg effect, and epigenetics. In particular, three mitochondrial enzymes are inactivated in cancer: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase-2 (HMGCS2). These enzymes are subject to regulation via acetylation/deacetylation. SIRT3, the predominant mitochondrial deacetylase, directly targets these enzymes for deacetylation and maintains their optimal catalytic activity. SIRT3 is a tumor suppressor, and deacetylation of these enzymes contributes to its biological function. PDH catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, SDH oxidizes succinate into fumarate, and HMGCS2 controls the synthesis of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. As the activities of these enzymes are decreased in cancer, tumor cells accumulate lactate and succinate but produce less amounts of β-hydroxybutyrate. Apart from their role in cellular energetics, these metabolites function as signaling molecules via specific cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors. Lactate signals via GPR81, succinate via GPR91, and β-hydroxybutyrate via GPR109A. In addition, lactate activates hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α and succinate promotes DNA methylation. GPR81 and GPR91 are tumor promoters, and increased production of lactate and succinate as their agonists drives tumorigenesis by enhancing signaling via these two receptors. In contrast, GPR109A is a tumor suppressor, and decreased synthesis of β-hydroxybutyrate as its agonist suppresses signaling via this receptor, thus attenuating the tumor-suppressing function of GPR109A. In parallel with the opposing changes in lactate/succinate and β-hydroxybutyrate levels, tumor cells upregulate GPR81 and GPR91 but downregulate GPR109A. As such, these three metabolite receptors play a critical role in cancer and represent a new class of drug targets with selective antagonists of GPR81 and GPR91 for cancer treatment and agonists of GPR109A for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Ristic
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Yangzom D Bhutia
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Re-programming tumour cell metabolism to treat cancer: no lone target for lonidamine. Biochem J 2017; 473:1503-6. [PMID: 27234586 PMCID: PMC4888454 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cell metabolism is very different from normal cell metabolism; cancer cells re-programme the metabolic pathways that occur in normal cells in such a manner that it optimizes their proliferation, growth and survival. Although this metabolic re-programming obviously operates to the advantage of the tumour, it also offers unique opportunities for effective cancer therapy. Molecules that target the tumour cell-specific metabolic pathways have potential as novel anti-cancer drugs. Lonidamine belongs to this group of molecules and is already in use in some countries for cancer treatment. It has been known for a long time that lonidamine interferes with energy production in tumour cells by inhibiting hexokinase II (HKII), a glycolytic enzyme. However, subsequent studies have uncovered additional pharmacological targets for the drug, which include the electron transport chain and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thus expanding the pharmacological effects of the drug on tumour cell metabolism. A study by Nancolas et al. in a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal identifies two additional new targets for lonidamine: the pyruvate transporter in the mitochondria and the H+-coupled monocarboxylate transporters in the plasma membrane (PM). It is thus becoming increasingly apparent that the anti-cancer effects of lonidamine do not occur through a single target; the drug works at multiple sites. Irrespective of the molecular targets, what lonidamine does in the end is to undo what the tumour cells have done in terms of re-programming cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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34
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Offermanns S. Hydroxy-Carboxylic Acid Receptor Actions in Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:227-236. [PMID: 28087125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid, the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, also known as β-hydroxybutyrate, and the β-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid are hydroxy-carboxylic acids (HCAs) that serve as intermediates of energy metabolism. However, they also regulate cellular functions, in part by directly activating the G protein-coupled receptors HCA1/GPR81, HCA2/GPR109A, and HCA3/GPR109B. During the past decade, it has become clear that HCA receptors help to maintain homeostasis under changing metabolic and dietary conditions, by controlling metabolic, immune, and other body functions. Work based on genetic mouse models and synthetic ligands of HCA receptors has, in addition, shown that members of this receptor family can serve as targets for the prevention and therapy of diseases such as metabolic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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35
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Simvastatin induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells via PPARγ signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35783. [PMID: 27779188 PMCID: PMC5078845 DOI: 10.1038/srep35783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin is currently one of the most common drugs for old patients with hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic diseases by reducing cholesterol level and anti-lipid properties. Importantly, simvastatin has also been reported to have anti-tumor effect, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We collected several human bladder samples and performed microarray. Data analysis suggested bladder cancer (BCa) was significantly associated with fatty acid/lipid metabolism via PPAR signalling pathway. We observed simvastatin did not trigger BCa cell apoptosis, but reduced cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, accompanied by PPARγ-activation. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis indicated that simvastatin induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, suggested by downregulation of CDK4/6 and Cyclin D1. Furthermore, simvastatin suppressed BCa cell metastasis by inhibiting EMT and affecting AKT/GSK3β. More importantly, we found that the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and the alterations of CDK4/6 and Cyclin D1 triggered by simvastatin could be recovered by PPARγ-antagonist (GW9662), whereas the treatment of PPARα-antagonist (GW6471) shown no significant effects on the BCa cells. Taken together, our study for the first time revealed that simvastatin inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 phase via PPARγ signalling pathway.
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36
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Chen WC, Wang CY, Hung YH, Weng TY, Yen MC, Lai MD. Systematic Analysis of Gene Expression Alterations and Clinical Outcomes for Long-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase Family in Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155660. [PMID: 27171439 PMCID: PMC4865206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to cancer progression. Our previous study indicates that long-chain fatty acyl-Co A synthetase (ACSL) 3 is essential for lipid upregulation induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this report, we aimed to identify the role of ACSL family in cancer with systematic analysis and in vitro experiment. We explored the ACSL expression using Oncomine database to determine the gene alteration during carcinogenesis and identified the association between ACSL expression and the survival of cancer patient using PrognoScan database. ACSL1 may play a potential oncogenic role in colorectal and breast cancer and play a potential tumor suppressor role in lung cancer. Co-expression analysis revealed that ACSL1 was coexpressed with MYBPH, PTPRE, PFKFB3, SOCS3 in colon cancer and with LRRFIP1, TSC22D1 in lung cancer. In accordance with PrognoScan analysis, downregulation of ACSL1 in colon and breast cancer cell line inhibited proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth. In contrast, increase of oncogenic property was observed in lung cancer cell line by attenuating ACSL1. High ACSL3 expression predicted a better prognosis in ovarian cancer; in contrast, high ACSL3 predicted a worse prognosis in melanoma. ACSL3 was coexpressed with SNUPN, TRIP13, and SEMA5A in melanoma. High expression of ACSL4 predicted a worse prognosis in colorectal cancer, but predicted better prognosis in breast, brain and lung cancer. ACSL4 was coexpressed with SERPIN2, HNRNPCL1, ITIH2, PROCR, LRRFIP1. High expression of ACSL5 predicted good prognosis in breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. ACSL5 was coexpressed with TMEM140, TAPBPL, BIRC3, PTPRE, and SERPINB1. Low ACSL6 predicted a worse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. ACSL6 was coexpressed with SOX6 and DARC. Altogether, different members of ACSLs are implicated in diverse types of cancer development. ACSL-coexpressed molecules may be used to further investigate the role of ACSL family in individual type of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ching Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yang Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail:
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37
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Haas R, Cucchi D, Smith J, Pucino V, Macdougall CE, Mauro C. Intermediates of Metabolism: From Bystanders to Signalling Molecules. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:460-471. [PMID: 26935843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The integration of biochemistry into immune cell biology has contributed immensely to our understanding of immune cell function and the associated pathologies. So far, most studies have focused on the regulation of metabolic pathways during an immune response and their contribution to its success. More recently, novel signalling functions of metabolic intermediates are being discovered that might play important roles in the regulation of immunity. Here we describe the three long-known small metabolites lactate, acetyl-CoA, and succinate in the context of immunometabolic signalling. Functions of these ubiquitous molecules are largely dependent on their intra- and extracellular concentrations as well as their subcompartmental localisation. Importantly, the signalling functions of these metabolic intermediates extend beyond self-regulatory roles and include cell-to-cell communication and sensing of microenvironmental conditions to elicit stress responses and cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Haas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Joanne Smith
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Valentina Pucino
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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Suzuki K, Kaneko-Kawano T. Biological roles and therapeutic potential of G protein-coupled receptors for free fatty acids and metabolic intermediates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suzuki
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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Stäubert C, Krakowsky R, Bhuiyan H, Witek B, Lindahl A, Broom O, Nordström A. Increased lanosterol turnover: a metabolic burden for daunorubicin-resistant leukemia cells. Med Oncol 2015; 33:6. [PMID: 26698156 PMCID: PMC4689760 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol metabolism is essential for cancer cell proliferation. We found the expression of genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway up-regulated in the daunorubicin-resistant leukemia cell line CEM/R2, which is a daughter cell line to the leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM (CEM). Cellular (2)H2O labelling, mass spectrometry, and isotopomer analysis revealed an increase in lanosterol synthesis which was not accompanied by an increase in cholesterol flux or pool size in CEM/R2 cells. Exogenous addition of lanosterol had a negative effect on CEM/R2 and a positive effect on sensitive CEM cell viability. Treatment of CEM and CEM/R2 cells with cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors acting on the enzymes squalene epoxidase and lanosterol synthase, both also involved in the 24,25-epoxycholesterol shunt pathway, revealed a connection of this pathway to lanosterol turnover. Our data highlight that an increased lanosterol flux poses a metabolic weakness of resistant cells that potentially could be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stäubert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rosanna Krakowsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hasanuzzaman Bhuiyan
- Doping Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindahl
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Broom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Nordström
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Wagner W, Ciszewski WM, Kania KD. L- and D-lactate enhance DNA repair and modulate the resistance of cervical carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs via histone deacetylase inhibition and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 activation. Cell Commun Signal 2015. [PMID: 26208712 PMCID: PMC4514991 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consideration of lactate as an active metabolite is a newly emerging and attractive concept. Recently, lactate has been reported to regulate gene transcription via the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and survival of cancer cells via hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1). This study examined the role of L- and D-lactate in the DNA damage response in cervical cancer cells. METHODS Three cervical cancer cell lines were examined: HeLa, Ca Ski and C33A. The inhibitory activity of lactate on HDACs was analysed using Western blot and biochemical methods. The lactate-mediated stimulation of DNA repair and cellular resistance to neocarzinostatin, doxorubicin and cisplatin were studied using γ-H2AX, comet and clonogenic assays. HCAR1 and DNA repair gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. DNA-PKcs activity and HCAR1 protein expression were evaluated via immunocytochemistry and Western blot, respectively. HCAR1 activation was investigated by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation and Erk phosphorylation. HCAR1 expression was silenced using shRNA. RESULTS L- and D-lactate inhibited HDACs, induced histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation, and decreased chromatin compactness in HeLa cells. Treating cells with lactate increased LIG4, NBS1, and APTX expression by nearly 2-fold and enhanced DNA-PKcs activity. Based on γ-H2AX and comet assays, incubation of cells in lactate-containing medium increased the DNA repair rate. Furthermore, clonogenic assays demonstrated that lactate mediates cellular resistance to clinically used chemotherapeutics. Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that all studied cell lines express HCAR1 on the cellular surface. Inhibiting HCAR1 function via pertussis toxin pretreatment partially abolished the effects of lactate on DNA repair. Down-regulating HCAR1 decreased the efficiency of DNA repair, abolished the cellular response to L-lactate and decreased the effect of D-lactate. Moreover, HCAR1 shRNA-expressing cells produced significantly lower mRNA levels of monocarboxylate transporter 4. Finally, the enhancement of DNA repair and cell survival by lactate was suppressed by pharmacologically inhibiting monocarboxylate transporters using the inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that L- and D-lactate present in the uterine cervix may participate in the modulation of cellular DNA damage repair processes and in the resistance of cervical carcinoma cells to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Wagner
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna D Kania
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland.
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