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Pang Y, Lu T, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH. Metabolic Reprogramming and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065493. [PMID: 36982568 PMCID: PMC10052731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases that often require their metabolism program to fulfill the demand of cell proliferation. Features of metabolism in lymphoma cells include high glucose uptake, deregulated expression of enzymes related to glycolysis, dual capacity for glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, elevated glutamine metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. These aberrant metabolic changes lead to tumorigenesis, disease progression, and resistance to lymphoma chemotherapy. This metabolic reprogramming, including glucose, nucleic acid, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, is a dynamic process caused not only by genetic and epigenetic changes, but also by changes in the microenvironment affected by viral infections. Notably, some critical metabolic enzymes and metabolites may play vital roles in lymphomagenesis and progression. Recent studies have uncovered that metabolic pathways might have clinical impacts on the diagnosis, characterization, and treatment of lymphoma subtypes. However, determining the clinical relevance of biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to lymphoma metabolism is still challenging. In this review, we systematically summarize current studies on metabolism reprogramming in lymphoma, and we mainly focus on disorders of glucose, amino acids, and lipid metabolisms, as well as dysregulation of molecules in metabolic pathways, oncometabolites, and potential metabolic biomarkers. We then discuss strategies directly or indirectly for those potential therapeutic targets. Finally, we prospect the future directions of lymphoma treatment on metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Pang
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Hematology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingxun Lu
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zijun Y. Xu-Monette
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ken H. Young
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-668-7568; Fax: +1-919-684-1856
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2
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Hydroxycitric Acid Inhibits Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Growth through Activation of AMPK and mTOR Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132669. [PMID: 35807850 PMCID: PMC9268148 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation of cancer cell growth via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is a widely studied strategy for cancer treatment, including leukemias. Recent notions that naturally occurring compounds might have AMPK activity led to the search for nutraceuticals with potential AMPK-stimulating activity. We found that hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a natural, safe bioactive from the plant Garcinia gummi-gutta (cambogia), has potent AMPK activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K562. HCA is a known competitive inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and is widely used as a weight loss inducer. We found that HCA was able to inhibit the growth of K562 cells in in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. At the mechanistic level, we identified a direct interaction between AMPK and ACLY that seems to be sensitive to HCA treatment. Additionally, HCA treatment resulted in the co-activation of AMPK and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Moreover, we found an enhanced unfolded protein response as observed by activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway that could explain the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and DNA fragmentation upon HCA treatment in K562 cells. Overall, these findings suggest HCA as a nutraceutical approach for the treatment of CMLs.
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Yao Y, Zhu J, Qin S, Zhou Z, Zeng Q, Long R, Mao Z, Dong X, Zhao R, Zhang R, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. Resveratrol induces autophagy impeding BAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation and survival by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115139. [PMID: 35697119 PMCID: PMC9283307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutically targeting B cells has received great attention in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is critical to the survival of normal and neoplastic B cells, and excess production of BAFF contributes to autoimmune diseases. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, has a positive effect on the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, how resveratrol affects BAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation and survival is poorly understood. Here, we show that resveratrol increased autophagosome formation and ATG5/LC3-II levels and decreased p62 level, promoting autophagic flux/autophagy and thereby suppressing the basal or human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-stimulated proliferation and survival of normal and B-lymphoid (Raji) cells. This is supported by the findings that inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an inhibitor of Vps34) or ATG5 shRNA attenuates resveratrol-induced autophagy and -reduced proliferation/viability in B-cells. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or knockdown of mTOR potentiated resveratrol-induced autophagy and inhibition of hsBAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation/viability, while overexpression of wild-type mTOR conferred resistance to the actions of resveratrol. Similarly, inhibition of Akt with Akt inhibitor X or ectopic expression of dominant negative Akt reinforced resveratrol-induced autophagy and inhibition of hsBAFF-stimulated B-cell proliferation/viability, whereas expression of constitutively active Akt conferred resistance to the actions of resveratrol. Taken together, these results indicate that resveratrol induces autophagy impeding BAFF-stimulated proliferation and survival via blocking the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in normal and neoplastic B cells. Our findings highlight that resveratrol has a great potential for prevention and treatment of excessive BAFF-elicited aggressive B-cell disorders and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruyu Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Chen Y, Zou J, Cheng F, Li W. Treatment-Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and New Approaches by Targeting Leukemia Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769730. [PMID: 34778088 PMCID: PMC8581243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved significantly with the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for therapeutic use. Most patients with optimal responses to TKIs can have a normal life expectancy. Treatment-free remission (TFR) after discontinuing TKI has increasingly become a new goal for CML treatment. However, TKI only "control" CML, and relapse after discontinuation has become a key factor hindering patient access to attempt TFR. In this study, we reviewed studies on TKI discontinuation, including both first and second-generation TKI. We also reviewed predictors of relapse, new monitoring methods, and strategies targeting leukemic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weiming Li
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Bhat IA, Kabeer SW, Reza MI, Mir RH, Dar MO. AdipoRon: A Novel Insulin Sensitizer in Various Complications and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:94-107. [PMID: 31642417 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191022102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AdipoRon is the first synthetic analog of endogenous adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone. AdipoRon possesses pharmacological properties similar to adiponectin and its ability to bind and activate the adipoR1 and adipoR2 receptors makes it a suitable candidate for the treatment of a multitude of disorders. OBJECTIVE In the present review, an attempt was made to compile and discuss the efficacy of adipoRon against various disorders. RESULTS AdipoRon is a drug that acts not only in metabolic diseases but in other conditions unrelated to energy metabolism. It is well- reported that adipoRon exhibits strong anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-depressant, anti-ischemic, anti-hypertrophic properties and also improves conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION A lot is known about its effects in experimental systems, but the translation of this knowledge to the clinic requires studies which, for many of the potential target conditions, have yet to be carried out. The beneficial effects of AdipoRon in novel clinical conditions will suggest an underlying pathophysiological role of adiponectin and its receptors in previously unsuspected settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Shaheen Wasil Kabeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India
| | - Muhammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
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6
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Podhorecka M. Metformin - its anti-cancer effects in hematologic malignancies. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:514. [PMID: 33747367 PMCID: PMC7967492 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main anti-diabetic effect of metformin mediated through stimulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and triggering glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Additionally, some new pathways, besides the AMPK activation, were discovered, that can explain wide-range properties of metformin. All these properties are now attracting the attention of researchers in the fields other than diabetes and the drug has been reported to have anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and anti-aging effects. Among others, the beneficial effects of metformin in hematological disorders like leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma were reported. Despite a great progress in therapy, these diseases are still incurable in most cases. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover novel, less toxic and more effective drugs especially for older or chemotherapy-resistant patients. In this review article, the current findings on the anti-cancer effect of metformin together with underlying possible mechanisms in blood cancers are discussed. However. to evaluate precisely these promising effects of metformin, more studies are required, because many of the published results are preclinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Podhorecka
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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7
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Yung Y, Lee E, Chu HT, Yip PK, Gill H. Targeting Abnormal Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020659. [PMID: 33440869 PMCID: PMC7827471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are unique hematopoietic stem cell disorders sharing mutations that constitutively activate the signal-transduction pathways involved in haematopoiesis. They are characterized by stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation. The key MPNs comprise chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). CML is defined by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Despite effective cytoreductive agents and targeted therapy, complete CML/MPN stem cell eradication is rarely achieved. In this review article, we discuss the novel agents and combination therapy that can potentially abnormal hematopoietic stem cells in CML and MPNs and the CML/MPN stem cell-sustaining bone marrow microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Susceptibility
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/etiology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stem Cell Niche
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harinder Gill
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2255-4542; Fax: +852-2816-2863
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8
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Ghoneum A, Abdulfattah AY, Warren BO, Shu J, Said N. Redox Homeostasis and Metabolism in Cancer: A Complex Mechanism and Potential Targeted Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3100. [PMID: 32354000 PMCID: PMC7247161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species or "ROS" encompass several molecules derived from oxygen that can oxidize other molecules and subsequently transition rapidly between species. The key roles of ROS in biological processes are cell signaling, biosynthetic processes, and host defense. In cancer cells, increased ROS production and oxidative stress are instigated by carcinogens, oncogenic mutations, and importantly, metabolic reprograming of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Increased ROS production activates myriad downstream survival pathways that further cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we highlight the relation between ROS, the metabolic programing of cancer, and stromal and immune cells with emphasis on and the transcription machinery involved in redox homeostasis, metabolic programing and malignant phenotype. We also shed light on the therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways generating ROS as we investigate: Orlistat, Biguandes, AICAR, 2 Deoxyglucose, CPI-613, and Etomoxir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Bailey Olivia Warren
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Junjun Shu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Neveen Said
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Departments of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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9
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Carrà G, Cartellà A, Maffeo B, Morotti A. Strategies For Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Stem Cells. BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 9:45-52. [PMID: 31807112 PMCID: PMC6842740 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s228815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia is a myeloproliferative disorder driven by the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation coding for the chimeric protein BCR-ABL. CML treatment represents the paradigm of molecular therapy of cancer. Since the development of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the BCR-ABL kinase, the clinical approach to CML has dramatically changed, with a stunning improvement in the quality of life and response rates of patients. However, it remains clear that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are unable to target the most immature cellular component of CML, the CML stem cell. This review summarizes new insights into the mechanisms of resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department Of Clinical And Biological Sciences, University Of Turin, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Antonio Cartellà
- Department Of Clinical And Biological Sciences, University Of Turin, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Beatrice Maffeo
- Department Of Clinical And Biological Sciences, University Of Turin, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department Of Clinical And Biological Sciences, University Of Turin, Orbassano 10043, Italy
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10
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Implication and Regulation of AMPK during Physiological and Pathological Myeloid Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102991. [PMID: 30274374 PMCID: PMC6213055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase consisting of the arrangement of various α β, and γ isoforms that are expressed differently depending on the tissue or the cell lineage. AMPK is one of the major sensors of energy status in mammalian cells and as such plays essential roles in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy. AMPK is activated by two upstream kinases, the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) through phosphorylation of the kinase on Thr172, leading to its activation. In addition, AMPK inhibits the mTOR pathway through phosphorylation and activation of tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2) and causes direct activation of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) via phosphorylation of Ser555, thus promoting initiation of autophagy. Although it is well established that AMPK can control the differentiation of different cell lineages, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), progenitors, and mature hematopoietic cells, the role of AMPK regarding myeloid cell differentiation is less documented. The differentiation of monocytes into macrophages triggered by colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), a process during which both caspase activation (independently of apoptosis induction) and AMPK-dependent stimulation of autophagy are necessary, is one noticeable example of the involvement of AMPK in the physiological differentiation of myeloid cells. The present review focuses on the role of AMPK in the regulation of the physiological and pathological differentiation of myeloid cells. The mechanisms of autophagy induction by AMPK will also be addressed, as autophagy has been shown to be important for differentiation of hematopoietic cells. In addition, myeloid malignancies (myeloid leukemia or dysplasia) are characterized by profound defects in the establishment of proper differentiation programs. Reinduction of a normal differentiation process in myeloid malignancies has thus emerged as a valuable and promising therapeutic strategy. As AMPK seems to exert a key role in the differentiation of myeloid cells, notably through induction of autophagy, we will also discuss the potential to target this pathway as a pro-differentiating and anti-leukemic strategy in myeloid malignancies.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are correlated with changes in insulin signaling, a pathway that is frequently upregulated in neoplastic tissue but impaired in tissues that are classically targeted by insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many antidiabetes treatments, particularly metformin, enhance insulin signaling, but this pathway can be inhibited by specific cancer treatments. The modulation of cancer growth by metformin and of insulin sensitivity by anticancer drugs is so common that this phenomenon is being studied in hundreds of clinical trials on cancer. Many meta-analyses have consistently shown a moderate but direct effect of body mass index on the incidence of multiple myeloma and lymphoma and the elevated risk of leukemia in adults. Moreover, new epidemiological and preclinical studies indicate metformin as a therapeutic agent in patients with leukemia, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. In this article, we review current findings on the anticancer activities of metformin and the underlying mechanisms from preclinical and ongoing studies in hematologic malignancies.
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12
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Jiang CH, Sun TL, Xiang DX, Wei SS, Li WQ. Anticancer Activity and Mechanism of Xanthohumol: A Prenylated Flavonoid From Hops ( Humulus lupulus L.). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:530. [PMID: 29872398 PMCID: PMC5972274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that many phytochemicals, frequently present in foods or beverages, show potent chemopreventive or therapeutic properties that selectively affect cancer cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the anticancer activity of xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid isolated from hops (Humulus lupulus L.), with a concentration up to 0.96 mg/L in beer. This review aims to summarize the existing studies focusing on the anticancer activity of Xn and its effects on key signaling molecules. Furthermore, the limitations of current studies and challenges for the clinical use of Xn are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao-Li Sun
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Hu'nan Oriented Fundamental and Applied Research of Innovative Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Qun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
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13
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Chen SY, Lin CH, Lin JT, Cheng YF, Chen HM, Kao SH. Adenine causes cell cycle arrest and autophagy of chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5575-5580. [PMID: 29113185 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal regulator of cellular metabolism. Mounting evidences have demonstrated that AMPK activation exerts tumor suppressive activity on leukemia cells. The present study reported that adenine, an AMPK activator, triggers cell cycle arrest and autophagy of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells consequently suppressing cell viability. The present findings revealed that adenine treatment (4.0-8.0 mM) significantly inhibited the viability of K562 cells to 69.3±2.5% (24 h) and 53.4±2.1% (48 h) of the control. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that there was a significant accumulation in G2/M phase, but not sub-G1 phase K562 cells following exposure to adenine. Additional investigation demonstrated that adenine treatments significantly increased the number of acidic vesicular organelles and the level of autophagosomal microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 α (LC3) marker. By contrast, cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase was insignificantly affected in K562 cells following adenine treatment. In K562 cells, adenine was able to markedly promote the phosphorylation of AMPKα and suppress the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream target of AMPK. In addition, inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation using dorsomorphin restored mTOR phosphorylation, inhibited the accumulation of LC3 and significantly recovered the suppressed cell viability in response to adenine. Taken together, the present results demonstrated that adenine induced G2/M phase arrest and autophagic cell death, consequently suppressing the viability of K562 cells, which may attribute to the AMPK activation triggered by adenine. These findings provide evidence that adenine may be beneficial to chronic myelogenous leukemia therapy by suppressing excessive cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jiun-Tsai Lin
- Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu Jen University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Fang Cheng
- Energenesis Biomedical Co. Ltd., New Taipei 235, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Han-Min Chen
- Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu Jen University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan R.O.C.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan R.O.C
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14
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Montraveta A, Xargay-Torrent S, Rosich L, López-Guerra M, Roldán J, Rodríguez V, Lee-Vergés E, de Frías M, Campàs C, Campo E, Roué G, Colomer D. Bcl-2high mantle cell lymphoma cells are sensitized to acadesine with ABT-199. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21159-72. [PMID: 26110568 PMCID: PMC4673257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acadesine is a nucleoside analogue with known activity against B-cell malignancies. Herein, we showed that in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells acadesine induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through turning on the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery. At the molecular level, the compound triggered the activation of the AMPK pathway, consequently modulating known downstream targets, such as mTOR and the cell motility-related vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). VASP phosphorylation by acadesine was concomitant with a blockade of CXCL12-induced migration. The inhibition of the mTOR cascade by acadesine, committed MCL cells to enter in apoptosis by a translational downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein. In contrast, Bcl-2 protein levels were unaffected by acadesine and MCL samples expressing high levels of Bcl-2 tended to have a reduced response to the drug. Targeting Bcl-2 with the selective BH3-mimetic agent ABT-199 sensitized Bcl-2 high MCL cells to acadesine. This effect was validated in vivo, where the combination of both agents displayed a more marked inhibition of tumor outgrowth than each drug alone. These findings support the notions that antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate MCL cell sensitivity to acadesine and that the combination of this agent with Bcl-2 inhibitors might be an interesting therapeutic option to treat MCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Montraveta
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Xargay-Torrent
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rosich
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica López-Guerra
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat d'Hematopatologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jocabed Roldán
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanina Rodríguez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eriong Lee-Vergés
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè de Frías
- Advancell-Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Campàs
- Advancell-Advanced In Vitro Cell Technologies S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Unitat d'Hematopatologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Experimental Therapeutics in Lymphoid Malignancies Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat d'Hematopatologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Webb TJ, Carey GB, East JE, Sun W, Bollino DR, Kimball AS, Brutkiewicz RR. Alterations in cellular metabolism modulate CD1d-mediated NKT-cell responses. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw055. [PMID: 27297969 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells play a critical role in the host's innate immune response. CD1d-mediated presentation of glycolipid antigens to NKT cells has been established; however, the mechanisms by which NKT cells recognize infected or cancerous cells remain unclear. 5(')-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of lipogenic pathways. We hypothesized that activation of AMPK during infection and malignancy could alter the repertoire of antigens presented by CD1d and serve as a danger signal to NKT cells. In this study, we examined the effect of alterations in metabolism on CD1d-mediated antigen presentation to NKT cells and found that an infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus rapidly increased CD1d-mediated antigen presentation. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) enhance T-cell effector functions during infection, therefore antigen presenting cells pretreated with pharmacological agents that inhibit glycolysis, induce HIF and activate AMPK were assessed for their ability to induce NKT-cell responses. Pretreatment with 2-deoxyglucose, cobalt chloride, AICAR and metformin significantly enhanced CD1d-mediated NKT-cell activation. In addition, NKT cells preferentially respond to malignant B cells and B-cell lymphomas express HIF-1α. These data suggest that targeting cellular metabolism may serve as a novel means of inducing innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gregory B Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James E East
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wenji Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dominique R Bollino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Amy S Kimball
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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16
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Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important mediator in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to a shortage of energy. Once activated, AMPK can promote ATP production and regulate metabolic energy. AMPK is a known target for treating metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes; however, recently AMPK is emerging as a possible metabolic tumor suppressor and target for cancer prevention and treatment. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that treatment with metformin, an AMPK activator reduces the incidence of cancer. In this article we review the role of AMPK in regulating inflammation, metabolism, and other regulatory processes with an emphasis on cancer, as well as, discuss the potential for targeting AMPK to treat various types of cancer. Activation of AMPK has been found to oppose tumor progression in several cancer types and offers a promising cancer therapy. This review evaluates the evidence linking AMPK with tumor suppressor function and analyzes the molecular mechanisms involved. AMPK activity opposes tumor development and progression in part by regulating inflammation and metabolism.
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17
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Yung MMH, Ngan HYS, Chan DW. Targeting AMPK signaling in combating ovarian cancers: opportunities and challenges. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:301-17. [PMID: 26764240 PMCID: PMC4886241 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and strategic application of effective anticancer therapies have turned out to be one of the most critical approaches of managing human cancers. Nevertheless, drug resistance is the major obstacle for clinical management of these diseases especially ovarian cancer. In the past years, substantial studies have been carried out with the aim of exploring alternative therapeutic approaches to enhance efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimes and reduce the side effects caused in order to produce significant advantages in overall survival and to improve patients' quality of life. Targeting cancer cell metabolism by the application of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activating agents is believed to be one of the most plausible attempts. AMPK activators such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside, A23187, metformin, and bitter melon extract not only prevent cancer progression and metastasis but can also be applied as a supplement to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in human cancers such as ovarian cancer. However, because of the undesirable outcomes along with the frequent toxic side effects of most pharmaceutical AMPK activators that have been utilized in clinical trials, attentions of current studies have been aimed at the identification of replaceable reagents from nutraceuticals or traditional medicines. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of many nutraceuticals in anticancer still remain obscure. Therefore, better understanding of the functional characterization and regulatory mechanism of natural AMPK activators would help pharmaceutical development in opening an area to intervene ovarian cancer and other human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingo M H Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David W Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process, frequently encompassing 3 stages: initiation, promotion and progression. It is characterized by multiple deviations from normal both at the cell and organism levels. Although most people have a small number of cells that present deviations from normal, most of those cells will not cause cancer. However, some will. What tips the balance between normal and abnormal is the subject of intense scientific research as well as unfounded speculations. Chronic inflammation is one of the risk factors for cancer. Resveratrol is consumed by the population as a dietary supplement in the hope of decreasing the risk of inflammation and cancer and other chronic diseases such as diabetes and vascular diseases. There is a discrepancy between the doses used in the animal studies showing that resveratrol decreases all three stages of carcinogenesis, and the doses ingested by the population either as supplements or in the diet. While there is health benefit from using high resveratrol doses, it might be also of practical and scientific benefit to focus future effort in understanding the effects of normal dietary resveratrol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica P Bunaciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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19
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Lin YC, Wu MH, Wei TT, Lin YC, Huang WC, Huang LY, Lin YT, Chen CC. Metformin sensitizes anticancer effect of dasatinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through AMPK-dependent ER stress. Oncotarget 2014; 5:298-308. [PMID: 24457597 PMCID: PMC3960210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an important endemic disease in Taiwan with aggressive course and dismal outcome. Dasatinib is a Bcr-bl and Src kinase inhibitor that has potential against HNSCC. We recently disclosed that EGFR degradation is critical for dasatinib-induced apoptosis. Here, we further demonstrate that AMPK-dependent ER stress is responsible for this event. Dasatinib induced ER stress which mediated EGFR degradation in a c-cbl-dependent manner. AMPK activation induced by dasatinib might be due to ATP decrease through the up-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4). Furthermore, activation of AMPK by metformin sensitized dasatinib-induced in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effect. The correlation of AMPK activation and EGFR expression was seen in HNSCC cells and human tumor specimens. Our results disclose that AMPK-dependent ER stress plays a crucial role in the anti-cancer effect of dasatinib in HNSCC and further activation of AMPK by metformin might enhance dasatinib efficacy.
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20
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Marini C, Salani B, Massollo M, Amaro A, Esposito AI, Orengo AM, Capitanio S, Emionite L, Riondato M, Bottoni G, Massara C, Boccardo S, Fabbi M, Campi C, Ravera S, Angelini G, Morbelli S, Cilli M, Cordera R, Truini M, Maggi D, Pfeffer U, Sambuceti G. Direct inhibition of hexokinase activity by metformin at least partially impairs glucose metabolism and tumor growth in experimental breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:3490-9. [PMID: 24240433 PMCID: PMC3906335 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, may be useful in the prevention and treatment of different cancers. In the present study, we demonstrate that metformin directly inhibits the enzymatic function of hexokinase (HK) I and II in a cell line of triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). The inhibition is selective for these isoforms, as documented by experiments with purified HK I and II as well as with cell lysates. Measurements of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglycose uptake document that it is dose- and time-dependent and powerful enough to virtually abolish glucose consumption despite unchanged availability of membrane glucose transporters. The profound energetic imbalance activates phosphorylation and is subsequently followed by cell death. More importantly, the “in vivo” relevance of this effect is confirmed by studies of orthotopic xenografts of MDA-MB-231 cells in athymic (nu/nu) mice. Administration of high drug doses after tumor development caused an evident tumor necrosis in a time as short as 48 h. On the other hand, 1 mo metformin treatment markedly reduced cancer glucose consumption and growth. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that HK inhibition contributes to metformin therapeutic and preventive potential in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marini
- CNR Institute of Bioimages and Molecular Physiology; Milan, Section of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Luo X, Feng M, Zhu X, Li Y, Fei J, Zhang Y. VEGF depletion enhances bcr-abl-specific sensitivity of arsenic trioxide in chronic myelogenous leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 18:334-40. [PMID: 24129092 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to imatinib mesylate may partly depend on high bcr-abl expression levels or point mutation(s). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has bcr-abl suppressing activity in vitro, without cross-resistance to imatinib. Meanwhile, bcr-abl also induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is associated with tumor-related angiogenesis and is involved in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) pathogenesis. Here, we investigated ways to improve ATO activity in CML by modulating cellular VEGF levels. K562 and primary CML cells were transfected with a VEGF antisense sequence. Cell viability and survival were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and trypan blue exclusion assays. Apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry following annexin V and propidium iodide staining. The results showed that VEGF depletion effectively promotes enhanced ATO antileukemic activity by repressing bcr-abl protein levels. These data provide a rationale for the clinical development of optimized ATO-based regimens that incorporate VEGF modulator for CML treatment.
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22
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Sui X, Xu Y, Yang J, Fang Y, Lou H, Han W, Zhang M, Chen W, Wang K, Li D, Jin W, Lou F, Zheng Y, Hu H, Gong L, Zhou X, Pan Q, Pan H, Wang X, He C. Use of metformin alone is not associated with survival outcomes of colorectal cancer cell but AMPK activator AICAR sensitizes anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil through AMPK activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97781. [PMID: 24849329 PMCID: PMC4029793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the third most common cancer and the second most common causes of cancer-related death around the world. Metformin, a biguanide, which is widely used for treating diabetes mellitus, has recently been shown to have a suppressive effect on CRC risk and mortality, but not all laboratory studies suggest that metformin has antineoplastic activity. Here, we investigated the effect of metformin and AMPK activator AICAR on CRC cells proliferation. As a result, metformin did not inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis for CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Different from metformin, AICAR emerged antitumor activity and sensitized anticancer effect of 5-FU on CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. In further analysis, we show that AMPK activation may be a key molecular mechanism for the additive effect of AICAR. Taken together, our results suggest that metformin has not antineoplastic activity for CRC cells as a single agent but AMPK activator AICAR can induce apoptosis and enhance the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU through AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haizhou Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HP); (XW); (CH)
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HP); (XW); (CH)
| | - Chao He
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HP); (XW); (CH)
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23
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Frazzi R, Tigano M. The multiple mechanisms of cell death triggered by resveratrol in lymphoma and leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4977-93. [PMID: 24658441 PMCID: PMC3975435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma and leukemia represent a serious threat to human health and life expectancy. Resveratrol is, among the natural-derived chemopreventive molecules, one of the most effective and better studied. In this paper the main mechanisms of cell death triggered by- or linked to- resveratrol are reviewed and discussed. The main focus is on lymphoma and leukemia experimental models where resveratrol has been tested and investigated at the cellular, molecular or physiological levels. The most relevant in vivo challenges involving resveratrol are also reported and analyzed in order to define the key features of this polyphenol and the potential for the treatment of hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Frazzi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Marco Tigano
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale S.Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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24
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Friesen C, Roscher M, Hormann I, Fichtner I, Alt A, Hilger RA, Debatin KM, Miltner E. Cell death sensitization of leukemia cells by opioid receptor activation. Oncotarget 2014; 4:677-90. [PMID: 23633472 PMCID: PMC3742829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates a number of cellular processes and modulates cell death induction. cAMP levels are altered upon stimulation of specific G-protein-coupled receptors inhibiting or activating adenylyl cyclases. Opioid receptor stimulation can activate inhibitory Gi-proteins which in turn block adenylyl cyclase activity reducing cAMP. Opioids such as D,L-methadone induce cell death in leukemia cells. However, the mechanism how opioids trigger apoptosis and activate caspases in leukemia cells is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that downregulation of cAMP induced by opioid receptor activation using the opioid D,L-methadone kills and sensitizes leukemia cells for doxorubicin treatment. Enhancing cAMP levels by blocking opioid-receptor signaling strongly reduced D,L-methadone-induced apoptosis, caspase activation and doxorubicin-sensitivity. Induction of cell death in leukemia cells by activation of opioid receptors using the opioid D,L-methadone depends on critical levels of opioid receptor expression on the cell surface. Doxorubicin increased opioid receptor expression in leukemia cells. In addition, the opioid D,L-methadone increased doxorubicin uptake and decreased doxorubicin efflux in leukemia cells, suggesting that the opioid D,L-methadone as well as doxorubicin mutually increase their cytotoxic potential. Furthermore, we found that opioid receptor activation using D,L-methadone alone or in addition to doxorubicin inhibits tumor growth significantly in vivo. These results demonstrate that opioid receptor activation via triggering the downregulation of cAMP induces apoptosis, activates caspases and sensitizes leukemia cells for doxorubicin treatment. Hence, opioid receptor activation seems to be a promising strategy to improve anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Friesen
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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25
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McCubrey JA, Davis NM, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Basecke J, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Steelman LS. Diverse roles of GSK-3: tumor promoter-tumor suppressor, target in cancer therapy. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 54:176-96. [PMID: 24169510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Nicole M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Jorg Basecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Sanct-Josef-Hospital Cloppenburg, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cloppenburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council-IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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26
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Cassuto O, Dufies M, Jacquel A, Robert G, Ginet C, Dubois A, Hamouda A, Puissant A, Luciano F, Karsenti JM, Legros L, Cassuto JP, Lenain P, Auberger P. All tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant chronic myelogenous cells are highly sensitive to ponatinib. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1557-65. [PMID: 23238683 PMCID: PMC3681494 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has considerably improved the survival of patients suffering chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Indeed, inhibition of BCR-ABL by imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib triggers durable responses in most patients suffering from this disease. Moreover, resistance to imatinib due to kinase domain mutations can be generally circumvented using dasatinib or nilotinib, but the multi-resistant T315I mutation that is insensitive to these TKIs, remains to date a major clinical problem. In this line, ponatinib (AP24534) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option in patients with all kinds of BCR-ABL mutations, especially the T315I one. However and surprisingly, the effect of ponatinib has not been extensively studied on imatinib-resistant CML cell lines. Therefore, in the present study, we used several CML cell lines with different mechanisms of resistance to TKI to evaluate the effect of ponatinib on cell viability, apoptosis and signaling. Our results show that ponatinib is highly effective on both sensitive and resistant CML cell lines, whatever the mode of resistance and also on BaF3 murine B cells carrying native BCR-ABL or T315I mutation. We conclude that ponatinib could be effectively used for all types of TKI-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Cassuto
- C3M/ INSERM U1065 Team Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France
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27
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Ahmed W, Van Etten RA. Signal transduction in the chronic leukemias: implications for targeted therapies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2013; 8:71-80. [PMID: 23307472 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The chronic leukemias, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), have been characterized extensively for abnormalities of cellular signaling pathways. This effort has led to the elucidation of the central role of dysregulated tyrosine kinase signaling in the chronic myeloid neoplasms and of constitutive B-cell receptor signaling in CLL. This, in turn, has stimulated the development of small molecule inhibitors of these signaling pathways for therapy of chronic leukemia. Although the field is still in its infancy, the clinical results with these agents have ranged from encouraging (CLL) to spectacular (CML). In this review, we summarize recent studies that have helped to define the signaling pathways critical to the pathogenesis of the chronic leukemias. We also discuss correlative studies emerging from clinical trials of drugs targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Ahmed
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 5609, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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28
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Zhang G, Yang P, Guo P, Miele L, Sarkar FH, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Unraveling the mystery of cancer metabolism in the genesis of tumor-initiating cells and development of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:49-59. [PMID: 23523716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Robust anaerobic metabolism plays a causative role in the origin of cancer cells; however, the oncogenic metabolic genes, factors, pathways, and networks in genesis of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have not yet been systematically summarized. In addition, the mechanisms of oncogenic metabolism in the genesis of TICs are enigmatic. In this review, we discussed multiple cancer metabolism-related genes (MRGs) that are overexpressed in TICs and are responsible for inducing pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, we summarized that oncogenic metabolic genes and onco-metabolites induce metabolic reprogramming, which switches normal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cancer anaerobic metabolism, triggers epigenetic, genetic, and environmental alterations, drives the generation of TICs, and boosts the development of cancer. Importantly, cancer metabolism is controlled by positive and negative metabolic regulators. Positive oncogenic metabolic regulators, including key oncogenic metabolic genes, onco-metabolites, hypoxia, and an acidic environment, promote oncogenic metabolic reprogramming and anaerobic metabolism. However, dysfunction of negative metabolic regulators, including defects in p53, PTEN, and LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathways, enhances cancer metabolism. Loss of the metabolic balance results in oncogenic metabolic reprogramming, genesis of TICs, and tumorigenesis. Collectively, this review provides new insight into the role and mechanism of these oncogenic metabolisms in the genesis of TICs and tumorigenesis. Accordingly, targeting key oncogenic genes, onco-metabolites, pathways, networks, and the acidic cancer microenvironment appears to be an attractive strategy for novel anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochuan Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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29
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Menendez JA, Joven J, Aragonès G, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Borrás-Linares I, Camps J, Corominas-Faja B, Cufí S, Fernández-Arroyo S, Garcia-Heredia A, Hernández-Aguilera A, Herranz-López M, Jiménez-Sánchez C, López-Bonet E, Lozano-Sánchez J, Luciano-Mateo F, Martin-Castillo B, Martin-Paredero V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Quirantes-Piné R, Rull A, Tomás-Menor L, Vazquez-Martin A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Xenohormetic and anti-aging activity of secoiridoid polyphenols present in extra virgin olive oil: a new family of gerosuppressant agents. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:555-78. [PMID: 23370395 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can be viewed as a quasi-programmed phenomenon driven by the overactivation of the nutrient-sensing mTOR gerogene. mTOR-driven aging can be triggered or accelerated by a decline or loss of responsiveness to activation of the energy-sensing protein AMPK, a critical gerosuppressor of mTOR. The occurrence of age-related diseases, therefore, reflects the synergistic interaction between our evolutionary path to sedentarism, which chronically increases a number of mTOR activating gero-promoters (e.g., food, growth factors, cytokines and insulin) and the "defective design" of central metabolic integrators such as mTOR and AMPK. Our laboratories at the Bioactive Food Component Platform in Spain have initiated a systematic approach to molecularly elucidate and clinically explore whether the "xenohormesis hypothesis," which states that stress-induced synthesis of plant polyphenols and many other phytochemicals provides an environmental chemical signature that upregulates stress-resistance pathways in plant consumers, can be explained in terms of the reactivity of the AMPK/mTOR-axis to so-called xenohormetins. Here, we explore the AMPK/mTOR-xenohormetic nature of complex polyphenols naturally present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a pivotal component of the Mediterranean style diet that has been repeatedly associated with a reduction in age-related morbid conditions and longer life expectancy. Using crude EVOO phenolic extracts highly enriched in the secoiridoids oleuropein aglycon and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycon, we show for the first time that (1) the anticancer activity of EVOO secoiridoids is related to the activation of anti-aging/cellular stress-like gene signatures, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, spermidine and polyamine metabolism, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and NRF2 signaling; (2) EVOO secoiridoids activate AMPK and suppress crucial genes involved in the Warburg effect and the self-renewal capacity of "immortal" cancer stem cells; (3) EVOO secoiridoids prevent age-related changes in the cell size, morphological heterogeneity, arrayed cell arrangement and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of normal diploid human fibroblasts at the end of their proliferative lifespans. EVOO secoiridoids, which provide an effective defense against plant attack by herbivores and pathogens, are bona fide xenohormetins that are able to activate the gerosuppressor AMPK and trigger numerous resveratrol-like anti-aging transcriptomic signatures. As such, EVOO secoiridoids constitute a new family of plant-produced gerosuppressant agents that molecularly "repair" the aimless (and harmful) AMPK/mTOR-driven quasi-program that leads to aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
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Würth R, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Bajetto A, Corsaro A, Parodi A, Sirito R, Massollo M, Marini C, Zona G, Fenoglio D, Sambuceti G, Filaci G, Daga A, Barbieri F, Florio T. Metformin selectively affects human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cell viability: A role for metformin-induced inhibition of Akt. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:145-56. [PMID: 23255107 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell theory postulates that a small population of tumor-initiating cells is responsible for the development, progression and recurrence of several malignancies, including glioblastoma. In this perspective, tumor-initiating cells represent the most relevant target to obtain effective cancer treatment. Metformin, a first-line drug for type II diabetes, was reported to possess anticancer properties affecting the survival of cancer stem cells in breast cancer models. We report that metformin treatment reduced the proliferation rate of tumor-initiating cell-enriched cultures isolated from four human glioblastomas. Metformin also impairs tumor-initiating cell spherogenesis, indicating a direct effect on self-renewal mechanisms. Interestingly, analyzing by FACS the antiproliferative effects of metformin on CD133-expressing subpopulation, a component of glioblastoma cancer stem cells, a higher reduction of proliferation was observed as compared with CD133-negative cells, suggesting a certain degree of cancer stem cell selectivity in its effects. In fact, glioblastoma cell differentiation strongly reduced sensitivity to metformin treatment. Metformin effects in tumor-initiating cell-enriched cultures were associated with a powerful inhibition of Akt-dependent cell survival pathway, while this pathway was not affected in differentiated cells. The specificity of metformin antiproliferative effects toward glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells was confirmed by the lack of significant inhibition of normal human stem cells (umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro proliferation after metformin exposure. Altogether, these data clearly suggest that metformin exerts antiproliferative activity on glioblastoma cells, showing a higher specificity toward tumor-initiating cells, and that the inhibition of Akt pathway may represent a possible intracellular target of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Würth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
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Velasco-Hernández T, Vicente-Dueñas C, Sánchez-García I, Martin-Zanca D. p53 restoration kills primitive leukemia cells in vivo and increases survival of leukemic mice. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:122-32. [PMID: 23255106 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of p53 function is a common feature of human cancers and it is required for differentiated tumor cell maintenance; however, it is not known whether sustained inactivation of the p53 pathway is needed for cancer stem cell persistence. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by a chromosome translocation that generates the BCRABL oncogene encoding a constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase. The disease originates in a hematopoietic stem cell and is maintained by leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Treatment with specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors does not eliminate LSCs because they do not depend on the oncogene for survival. We have combined a switchable p53 knock-in mouse model, p53 (KI/KI) , with the well-characterized Sca1-BCRABLp210 CML transgenic model, to show that transient restoration of p53 slows disease progression and significantly extends the survival of leukemic animals, being the mechanism responsible for this effect, apoptotic death of primitive leukemia cells. In agreement with these in vivo findings, in vitro assays show that restoring p53 reduces hematopoietic colony formation by cells of leukemic animals. These results suggest that reestablishing p53 function may be a therapeutic strategy for the eradication of leukemic stem cells and to prevent disease progression.
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, LaHair MM, Montalto G, Cervello M, Martelli AM, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Polesel J, Talamini R, Milella M, Tafuri A, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Ectopic NGAL expression can alter sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2, CaM-K inhibitors and the plant natural product berberine. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4447-61. [PMID: 23159854 PMCID: PMC3552927 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, a.k.a Lnc2) is a member of the lipocalin family and has diverse roles. NGAL can stabilize matrix metalloproteinase-9 from autodegradation. NGAL is considered as a siderocalin that is important in the transport of iron. NGAL expression has also been associated with certain neoplasias and is implicated in the metastasis of breast cancer. In a previous study, we examined whether ectopic NGAL expression would alter the sensitivity of breast epithelial, breast and colorectal cancer cells to the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. While abundant NGAL expression was detected in all the cells infected with a retrovirus encoding NGAL, this expression did not alter the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin as compared with empty vector-transduced cells. We were also interested in determining the effects of ectopic NGAL expression on the sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors targeting key signaling molecules. Ectopic NGAL expression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2 and calmodulin kinase inhibitors as well as the natural plant product berberine. Furthermore, when suboptimal concentrations of certain inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin, a reduction in the doxorubicin IC 50 was frequently observed. An exception was observed when doxorubicin was combined with rapamycin, as doxorubicin suppressed the sensitivity of the NGAL-transduced MCF-7 cells to rapamycin when compared with the empty vector controls. In contrast, changes in the sensitivities of the NGAL-transduced HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line and the breast epithelial MCF-10A cell line were not detected compared with empty vector-transduced cells. Doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Dox (R) cells were examined in these experiments as a control drug-resistant line; it displayed increased sensitivity to EGFR and Bcl-2 inhibitors compared with empty vector transduced MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that NGAL expression can alter the sensitivity of certain cancer cells to small-molecule inhibitors, suggesting that patients whose tumors exhibit elevated NGAL expression or have become drug-resistant may display altered responses to certain small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Richard A. Franklin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Michelle M. LaHair
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università di Bologna; Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology; University of Rome, Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Sun L, Davis NM, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, Cocco L, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Martelli AM, Libra M, Candido S, Ligresti G, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Fagone P, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Polesel J, Talamini R, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Michele M, Tafuri A, Dulińska-Litewka J, Laidler P, D'Assoro AB, Drobot L, Umezawa D, Montalto G, Cervello M, Demidenko ZN. Advances in targeting signal transduction pathways. Oncotarget 2012; 3:1505-21. [PMID: 23455493 PMCID: PMC3681490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant advances have occurred in both our understanding of the complexity of signal transduction pathways as well as the isolation of specific inhibitors which target key components in those pathways. Furthermore critical information is being accrued regarding how genetic mutations can affect the sensitivity of various types of patients to targeted therapy. Finally, genetic mechanisms responsible for the development of resistance after targeted therapy are being discovered which may allow the creation of alternative therapies to overcome resistance. This review will discuss some of the highlights over the past few years on the roles of key signaling pathways in various diseases, the targeting of signal transduction pathways and the genetic mechanisms governing sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA.
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Cicero AF, Tartagni E, Ertek S. Metformin and its clinical use: new insights for an old drug in clinical practice. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:907-17. [PMID: 23185203 PMCID: PMC3506244 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.31622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is generally recommended as first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes, especially in overweight patients, but in recent years new indications for its use have emerged. Metformin has been found to be safe and efficacious both as monotherapy and in combination with all oral antidiabetic agents and insulins. If metformin use during pregnancy and the lactation period is supported by few data, it could be indicated for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, since it could diminish circulating androgens and insulin resistance, thus ameliorating the ovulation rate. Metformin seems to reduce cancer risk, which appears to be increased in diabetics, and is a promising agent for oncoprevention and chemotherapy combinations. Moreover, metformin could find a place in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lactic acidosis could be decreased by avoiding metformin use in patients with hypovolemia, sepsis, renal impairment, hypoxic respiratory diseases and heart failure, in the preoperative period and before intravenous injection of contrast media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Tartagni
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Bologna University, Italy
| | - Sibel Ertek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mitochondrial porin Por1 and its homolog Por2 contribute to the positive control of Snf1 protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:1568-72. [PMID: 23104570 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00127-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Snf1 is a member of the conserved Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (Snf1/AMPK) family involved in regulating responses to energy limitation, which is detected by mechanisms that include sensing adenine nucleotides. Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) proteins, also known as mitochondrial porins, are conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans and play key roles in mediating mitochondrial outer membrane permeability to small metabolites, including ATP, ADP, and AMP. We previously recovered the yeast mitochondrial porin Por1 (yVDAC1) from a two-hybrid screen for Snf1-interacting proteins. Here, we present evidence that Snf1 interacts with Por1 and its homolog Por2 (yVDAC2). Cells lacking Por1 and Por2, but not respiratory-deficient rho(0) cells lacking the mitochondrial genome, exhibit reduced Snf1 activation loop phosphorylation in response to glucose limitation. Thus, Por1 and Por2 contribute to the positive control of Snf1 protein kinase. Physical proximity to the VDAC proteins and mitochondrial surface could facilitate Snf1's ability to sense energy limitation.
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36
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Kusio-Kobialka M, Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Peidis P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Wolanin K, Leszak G, Seferynska I, Stoklosa T, Koromilas AE, Piwocka K. The PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm is a pro-survival pathway of BCR-ABL signaling and confers resistance to imatinib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4069-78. [PMID: 23095523 PMCID: PMC3507502 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of adaptive mechanisms plays a crucial role in cancer progression and drug resistance by allowing cell survival under stressful conditions. Therefore, inhibition of the adaptive response is considered as a prospective therapeutic strategy. The PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation pathway is an important arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is induced under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our previous work showed that ER stress is induced in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation pathway is upregulated in CML cell lines and CD34+ cells from CML patients and is associated with CML progression and imatinib resistance. We also show that induction of apoptosis by imatinib results in the downregulation of the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inactivation of the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm decreases the clonogenic and proliferative capacities of CML cells and sensitizes them to death by imatinib. These findings provide evidence for a pro-survival role of PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm that contributes to CML progression and development of imatinib resistance. Thus, the PERK-eIF2α phosphorylation arm may represent a suitable target for therapeutic intervention for CML disease.
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Martelli AM, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Cappellini A, Buontempo F, Bressanin D, Fini M, McCubrey JA. Two hits are better than one: targeting both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin as a therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia treatment. Oncotarget 2012; 3:371-94. [PMID: 22564882 PMCID: PMC3380573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are two key components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This signal transduction cascade regulates a wide range of physiological cell processes, that include differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, motility, and exocytosis. However, constitutively active PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling characterizes many types of tumors where it negatively influences response to therapeutic treatments. Hence, targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling with small molecule inhibitors may improve cancer patient outcome. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade is overactive in acute leukemias, where it correlates with enhanced drug-resistance and poor prognosis. The catalytic sites of PI3K and mTOR share a high degree of sequence homology. This feature has allowed the synthesis of ATP-competitive compounds targeting the catalytic site of both kinases. In preclinical models, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors displayed a much stronger cytotoxicity against acute leukemia cells than either PI3K inhibitors or allosteric mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin. At variance with rapamycin, dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors targeted both mTOR complex 1 and mTOR complex 2, and inhibited the rapamycin-resistant phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, resulting in a marked inhibition of oncogenic protein translation. Therefore, they strongly reduced cell proliferation and induced an important apoptotic response. Here, we reviewed the evidence documenting that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors may represent a promising option for future targeted therapies of acute leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Bologna, Italy.
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38
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Yenugonda VM, Kong Y, Deb TB, Yang Y, Riggins RB, Brown ML. Trans-resveratrol boronic acid exhibits enhanced anti-proliferative activity on estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:925-34. [PMID: 22785207 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV), a natural compound present in the skin and seeds of red grapes, is considered a phytoestrogen and has structural similarity to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol. RSV inhibits tumor cell growth in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer cell lines resulting in cell specific regulation of the G1/S and G2/M stages of the cell cycle. However apoptotic cell death was only observed in ER+ MCF-7 cells. In this study, we designed and synthesized boronic acid derivative of RSV and evaluated their biological effects on ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The trans-4 analog inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells and is not a substrate for p-glycoprotein. The trans-4 analog induces G1 cell cycle arrest, which coincides with marked inhibition of G1 cell cycle proteins and a greater pro-apoptotic effect. Finally, the trans-4 analog had no effect on the estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells. Our results demonstrate that the trans-4 analog inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cells by a different mechanism of action than that of RSV (S-phase arrest), and provides a new class of novel boronic acids of RSV that inhibit breast cancer cell growth.
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39
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Fei J, Li Y, Zhu X, Luo X. miR-181a post-transcriptionally downregulates oncogenic RalA and contributes to growth inhibition and apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). PLoS One 2012; 7:e32834. [PMID: 22442671 PMCID: PMC3307705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short RNAs that regulate gene expression through either translational repression or mRNA cleavage. miRNA-181a (miR-181a), one of the many miRNAs conserved among vertebrates, is differentially expressed in a variety of leukemia. However, its function in leukemia, particularly chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), is poorly understood. Here we have reported the identification of miR-181a targets by combining TargetScan software prediction and expression profiling through overexpression of miR-181a mimic in leukemic K562 cells. Four overlapping genes were found to be the likely targets of miR-181a. Among the four genes, RalA is a downstream molecule of bcr-abl fusion protein in ras signaling pathway. However, its role in CML remains elusive. Luciferase reporter and Western blot assays confirmed that RalA is a direct target of miR-181a. overexpression of miR-181a effectively suppresses cell growth and induces G2-phase arrest and apoptosis partially by targeting RalA in leukemic K562 cells. Using the KEGG database combined with recent publications, downstream signaling pathway of RalA was graphed by cytoscape software. Therefore, our study is the first to report that RalA is directly regulated by miR-181a and plays an important role in CML. The approach of computational prediction combined with expression profiling might be valuable for the identification of miRNA targets in animal.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Databases, Protein
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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