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Liu J, Zhou J, Huang X, Yin L, Zhou L, Liao Y, Sun G, Zhong P, Peng X, Sun Z. Protective effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy attenuates autophagy and apoptosis in osteoporotic osteoarthritis model rats by activating PPARγ. Electromagn Biol Med 2024; 43:61-70. [PMID: 38347683 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2314108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporotic osteoarthritis (OPOA) is a specific phenotype of OA with high incidence and severe cartilage damage. This study aimed to explore the protective efficacy of PEMF on the progression of OPOA and observed the effects of PEMF on PPARγ, autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins in OPOA rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, OPOA group, and PEMF group (n = 6). One week after surgery, the rats in PEMF group were subjected to PEMF (3.82 mT, 8 Hz, 40 min/day and 5 day/week) for 12 weeks. Results showed that PEMF retarded cartilage degeneration and bone loss, as evidenced by pathological staining image, decreased MMP-13 expression and increased bone mineral density. PEMF inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8, while upregulated the expression of PPARγ. Moreover, PEMF significantly improved the autophagy disorders, represented by decrease expressions of Beclin-1, P62, and LC3B. The research demonstrates that PEMF can effectively prevent cartilage and subchondral bone destruction in OPOA rats. The potential mechanism may be related to upregulation of PPARγ, inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation, and improvement of autophagy disorder. PEMF therapy thus shows promising application prospects in the treatment of postmenopausal OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiarong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linwei Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Long Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peirui Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinke Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Rehabilitation Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhilu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Wang W, Tayier B, Guan L, Yan F, Mu Y. Optimization of the cotransfection of SERCA2a and Cx43 genes for myocardial infarction complications. Life Sci 2023; 331:122067. [PMID: 37659592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
As our previous study showed, the therapeutic effect of two genes (SERCA2a and Cx43) on heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) was greater than that of single gene (SERCA2a or Cx43) therapy for bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) transplantation. Based on previous research, the aim of this study was to investigate the optimal ratio of codelivery of SERCA2a and Cx43 genes for MI therapy after biotinylated microbubble (BMB) transplantation via ultrasonic-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). Forty rats underwent left anterior descending (LAD) ligation and BMSC injection into the infarct and border zones. Four weeks later, the genes SERCA2a and Cx43 were codelivered at different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) into the infarcted heart via UTMD. Cardiac mechanoelectrical function was determined at 4 wks after gene delivery, and the hearts of the rats were harvested for measurement of MI size and detection of SERCA2a and Cx43 expression. Q-PCR analysis of the expression of Nkx2.5 and GATA4 in the myocardial infarct zone and measurement of neovascularization in infarcted hearts. After comparing the therapeutic effects of different cogene ratios, the SERCA2a/Cx43-1:2 group showed remarkable cardiac electrical stability and strengthened the role of anti-arrhythmia. In conclusion, the optimum ratio of the SERCA2a/Cx43 gene is 1:2, which is advantageous for maintaining cardiac electrophysiological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China; Department of Ultrasound, Urumqi Friendship Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Baihetiya Tayier
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China.
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Oguma Y, Alessio N, Aprile D, Dezawa M, Peluso G, Di Bernardo G, Galderisi U. Meta-analysis of senescent cell secretomes to identify common and specific features of the different senescent phenotypes: a tool for developing new senotherapeutics. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:262. [PMID: 37770897 PMCID: PMC10537976 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage resulting from genotoxic injury can initiate cellular senescence, a state characterized by alterations in cellular metabolism, lysosomal activity, and the secretion of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescence can have beneficial effects on our bodies, such as anti-cancer properties, wound healing, and tissue development, which are attributed to the SASP produced by senescent cells in their intermediate stages. However, senescence can also promote cancer and aging, primarily due to the pro-inflammatory activity of SASP.Studying senescence is complex due to various factors involved. Genotoxic stimuli cause random damage to cellular macromolecules, leading to variations in the senescent phenotype from cell to cell, despite a shared program. Furthermore, senescence is a dynamic process that cannot be analyzed as a static endpoint, adding further complexity.Investigating SASP is particularly intriguing as it reveals how a senescence process triggered in a few cells can spread to many others, resulting in either positive or negative consequences for health. In our study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the protein content of SASP obtained from different research groups, including our own. We categorized the collected omic data based on: i) cell type, ii) harmful agent, and iii) senescence stage (early and late senescence).By employing Gene Ontology and Network analysis on the omic data, we identified common and specific features of different senescent phenotypes. This research has the potential to pave the way for the development of new senotherapeutic drugs aimed at combating the negative consequences associated with the senescence process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Oguma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Aprile
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli Campania University, Naples, Italy.
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Dip. Medicina Sperimentale, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Gao H, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K, Adam V. Role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106841. [PMID: 37385572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells persist and continuously secrete proinflammatory and tissue-remodeling molecules that poison surrounding cells, leading to various age-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism of cellular senescence has not yet been fully explored. Emerging evidence indicates that hypoxia is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α accumulates under hypoxic conditions and regulates cellular senescence by modulating the levels of the senescence markers p16, p53, lamin B1, and cyclin D1. Hypoxia is a critical condition for maintaining tumor immune evasion, which is promoted by driving the expression of genetic factors (such as p53 and CD47) while triggering immunosenescence. Under hypoxic conditions, autophagy is activated by targeting BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3, which subsequently induces p21WAF1/CIP1 as well as p16Ink4a and increases β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, thereby inducing cellular senescence. Deletion of the p21 gene increases the activity of the hypoxia response regulator poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the level of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins, repairs DNA double-strand breaks, and alleviates cellular senescence. Moreover, cellular senescence is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and an accumulation of D-galactose derived from the gut microbiota. Chronic hypoxia leads to a striking reduction in the amount of Lactobacillus and D-galactose-degrading enzymes in the gut, producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence. miR-424-5p levels are decreased under hypoxia, whereas lncRNA-MALAT1 levels are increased, both of which induce cellular senescence. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. The effects of HIFs, immune evasion, PARP-1, gut microbiota, and exosomal mRNA in hypoxia-mediated cell senescence are specifically discussed. This review increases our understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-mediated cellular senescence and provides new clues for anti-aging processes and the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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Kun-Varga A, Gubán B, Miklós V, Parvaneh S, Guba M, Szűcs D, Monostori T, Varga J, Varga Á, Rázga Z, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Megyeri K, Veréb Z. Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Alters the Immunological Properties of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal-Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11989. [PMID: 37569367 PMCID: PMC10418794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of paramount importance for the homeostasis of the body. Inflammation and infection can alter the function of MSCs, which can also affect the regenerative potential and immunological status of tissues. It is not known whether human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2), well-known human pathogens that can cause lifelong infections, can induce changes in MSCs. In non-healing ulcers, HSV infection is known to affect deeper tissue layers. In addition, HSV infection can recur after initially successful cell therapies. Our aim was to study the response of adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) to HSV infection in vitro. After confirming the phenotype and differentiation capacity of the isolated cells, we infected the cells in vitro with HSV1-KOS, HSV1-532 and HSV2 virus strains. Twenty-four hours after infection, we examined the gene expression of the cells via RNA-seq and RT-PCR; detected secreted cytokines via protein array; and determined autophagy via Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Infection with different HSV strains resulted in different gene-expression patterns. In addition to the activation of pathways characteristic of viral infections, distinct non-immunological pathways (autophagy, tissue regeneration and differentiation) were also activated according to analyses with QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome and Genome Ontology Enrichment. Viral infections increased autophagy, as confirmed via TEM image analysis, and also increased levels of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B) II protein. We identified significantly altered accumulation for 16 cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that HSV infection can alter the viability and immunological status of ADMSCs, which may have implications for ADMSC-based cell therapies. Alterations in autophagy can affect numerous processes in MSCs, including the inhibition of tissue regeneration as well as pathological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kun-Varga
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Gubán
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Vanda Miklós
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Shahram Parvaneh
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Melinda Guba
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Diána Szűcs
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Ákos Varga
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Wong PF, Dharmani M, Ramasamy TS. Senotherapeutics for mesenchymal stem cell senescence and rejuvenation. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103424. [PMID: 36332835 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are susceptible to replicative senescence and senescence-associated functional decline, which hampers their use in regenerative medicine. Senotherapeutics are drugs that target cellular senescence through senolytic and senomorphic functions to induce apoptosis and suppress chronic inflammation caused by the senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), respectively. Therefore, senotherapeutics could delay aging-associated degeneration. They could also be used to eliminate senescent MSCs during in vitro expansion or bioprocessing for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the role of senotherapeutics in MSC senescence, rejuvenation, and transplantation, with examples of some tested compounds in vitro. The prospects, challenges, and the way forward in clinical applications of senotherapeutics in cell-based therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murugan Dharmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Russ E, Davis CM, Slaven JE, Bradfield DT, Selwyn RG, Day RM. Comparison of the Medical Uses and Cellular Effects of High and Low Linear Energy Transfer Radiation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10100628. [PMID: 36287908 PMCID: PMC9609561 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can occur during medical treatments, from naturally occurring sources in the environment, or as the result of a nuclear accident or thermonuclear war. The severity of cellular damage from ionizing radiation exposure is dependent upon a number of factors including the absorbed radiation dose of the exposure (energy absorbed per unit mass of the exposure), dose rate, area and volume of tissue exposed, type of radiation (e.g., X-rays, high-energy gamma rays, protons, or neutrons) and linear energy transfer. While the dose, the dose rate, and dose distribution in tissue are aspects of a radiation exposure that can be varied experimentally or in medical treatments, the LET and eV are inherent characteristics of the type of radiation. High-LET radiation deposits a higher concentration of energy in a shorter distance when traversing tissue compared with low-LET radiation. The different biological effects of high and low LET with similar energies have been documented in vivo in animal models and in cultured cells. High-LET results in intense macromolecular damage and more cell death. Findings indicate that while both low- and high-LET radiation activate non-homologous end-joining DNA repair activity, efficient repair of high-LET radiation requires the homologous recombination repair pathway. Low- and high-LET radiation activate p53 transcription factor activity in most cells, but high LET activates NF-kB transcription factor at lower radiation doses than low-LET radiation. Here we review the development, uses, and current understanding of the cellular effects of low- and high-LET radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Russ
- Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John E. Slaven
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dmitry T. Bradfield
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Reed G. Selwyn
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shining Light on Autophagy in Skin Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192999. [PMID: 36230960 PMCID: PMC9563738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy ameliorates skin integrity, regulating epidermal differentiation and constitutive pigmentation. It induces melanogenesis and contributes to skin color through melanosome turnover. Autophagy activity is involved in skin phenotypic plasticity and cell function maintenance and, if altered, it concurs to the onset and/or progression of hypopigmentary and hyperpigmentary disorders. Overexpression of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress occurring in vitiligo skin, while its dysfunction has been linked to the tuberous sclerosis complex hypopigmentation. Again, autophagy impairment reduces melanosome degradation by concurring to pigment accumulation characterizing senile lentigo and melasma. Here we provide an updated review that describes recent findings on the crucial role of autophagy in skin pigmentation, thus revealing the complex interplay among melanocyte biology, skin environment and autophagy. Hence, targeting this process may also represent a promising strategy for treating pigmentary disorders.
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Feng D, Shi X, You J, Xiong Q, Zhu W, Wei Q, Yang L. A cellular senescence-related gene prognostic index for biochemical recurrence and drug resistance in patients with prostate cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3811-3828. [PMID: 36119834 PMCID: PMC9441995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to establish a novel cellular senescence-related gene prognostic index (CSG PI) to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and drug resistance in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical radiotherapy or prostatectomy. We performed all analyses using R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Cytoscape 3.8.2 was used to establish a network of transcription factors and competing endogenous RNAs. Three cellular senescence-related genes were used to establish the CSGPI. We observed that CSGPI was an independent risk factor for BCR in PCa patients (HR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.55-4.44), consistent with the results of external validation (HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.12-3.14). The CSGPI had a moderate diagnostic effect on drug resistance (AUC: 0.812, 95% CI: 0.586-1.000). The lncRNA PART1 was significantly associated with BCR (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27-0.77), and might modulate the mRNA expression of definitive genes through interactions with 57 miRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that CSGPI was closely related to ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, TGF beta signaling pathway, pathway in cancer, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and so on. Immune checkpoint analysis showed that PDCD1LG2 and CD96 were significantly higher in the BCR group compared to non-BCR group, and patients with higher expression of CD96 were more prone to BCR than their counterparts (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.06-3.03). In addition, the CSGPI score was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of HAVCR2, CD96, and CD47. Analysis of mismatch repair and methyltransferase genes showed that DNMT3B was more highly expressed in the BCR group and that patients with higher expression of DNMT3B experienced a higher risk of BCR (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.23-3.52). We observed that M1 macrophage, CD8+ T cells, stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE score were higher in the BCR group. In contrast, tumor purity was less scored in the BCR group. Spearman analysis revealed a positive relationship between CSGPI and M1 macrophages, CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE score. In conclusion, we found that the CSGPI might serve as a biomarker to predict BCR and drug resistance in PCa patients. Moreover, CD96 and DNMT3B might be potential treatment targets, and immune evasion might contribute to the BCR process of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Vernot JP. Bone Marrow Aging and the Leukaemia-Induced Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Exploring Similarities. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050716. [PMID: 35629139 PMCID: PMC9147878 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow aging is associated with multiple cellular dysfunctions, including perturbed haematopoiesis, the propensity to haematological transformation, and the maintenance of leukaemia. It has been shown that instructive signals from different leukemic cells are delivered to stromal cells to remodel the bone marrow into a supportive leukemic niche. In particular, cellular senescence, a physiological program with both beneficial and deleterious effects on the health of the organisms, may be responsible for the increased incidence of haematological malignancies in the elderly and for the survival of diverse leukemic cells. Here, we will review the connection between BM aging and cellular senescence and the role that these processes play in leukaemia progression. Specifically, we discuss the role of mesenchymal stem cells as a central component of the supportive niche. Due to the specificity of the genetic defects present in leukaemia, one would think that bone marrow alterations would also have particular changes, making it difficult to envisage a shared therapeutic use. We have tried to summarize the coincident features present in BM stromal cells during aging and senescence and in two different leukaemias, acute myeloid leukaemia, with high frequency in the elderly, and B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, mainly a childhood disease. We propose that mesenchymal stem cells are similarly affected in these different leukaemias, and that the changes that we observed in terms of cellular function, redox balance, genetics and epigenetics, soluble factor repertoire and stemness are equivalent to those occurring during BM aging and cellular senescence. These coincident features may be used to explore strategies useful to treat various haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cellular senescence in the Aging Brain: A promising target for neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Al-Jumayli M, Brown SL, Chetty IJ, Extermann M, Movsas B. The Biological Process of Aging and the Impact of Ionizing Radiation. Semin Radiat Oncol 2022; 32:172-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Stem cell-based therapy for ameliorating intrauterine adhesion and endometrium injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:556. [PMID: 34717746 PMCID: PMC8557001 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion refers to endometrial repair disorders which are usually caused by uterine injury and may lead to a series of complications such as abnormal menstrual bleeding, recurrent abortion and secondary infertility. At present, therapeutic approaches to intrauterine adhesion are limited due to the lack of effective methods to promote regeneration following severe endometrial injury. Therefore, to develop new methods to prevent endometrial injury and intrauterine adhesion has become an urgent need. For severely damaged endometrium, the loss of stem cells in the endometrium may affect its regeneration. This article aimed to discuss the characteristics of various stem cells and their applications for uterine tissue regeneration.
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14
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Alessio N, Squillaro T, Lettiero I, Galano G, De Rosa R, Peluso G, Galderisi U, Di Bernardo G. Biomolecular Evaluation of Piceatannol's Effects in Counteracting the Senescence of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Candidate for Senotherapeutics? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111619. [PMID: 34769049 PMCID: PMC8583715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations on senescence and its causative role in aging have underscored the importance of developing senotherapeutics, a field focused on killing senescent cells and/or preventing their accumulation within tissues. Using polyphenols in counteracting senescence may facilitate the development of senotherapeutics given their presence in the human diet, their confirmed tolerability and absence of severe side effects, and their role in preventing senescence and inducing the death of senescent cells. Against that background, we evaluated the effect of piceatannol, a natural polyphenol, on the senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which play a key role in the body's homeostasis. Among our results, piceatannol reduced the number of senescent cells both after genotoxic stress that induced acute senescence and in senescent replicative cultures. Such senotherapeutics activity, moreover, promoted the recovery of cell proliferation and the stemness properties of MSCs. Altogether, our findings demonstrate piceatannol's effectiveness in counteracting senescence by targeting its associated pathways and detecting and affecting P53-dependent and P53-independent senescence. Our study thus suggests that, given piceatannol's various mechanisms to accomplish its pleiotropic activities, it may be able to counteract any senescent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Ida Lettiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Giovanni Galano
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro P.S.I. Napoli Est-Barra, 80147 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Roberto De Rosa
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro P.S.I. Napoli Est-Barra, 80147 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (U.G.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (U.G.); (G.D.B.)
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15
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Wang M, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zheng Z, Xie H. Current therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases using mesenchymal stem cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:351-380. [PMID: 34766151 PMCID: PMC8554668 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential to proliferate, undergo multi-directional differentiation, and exert immunoregulatory effects. There is already much enthusiasm for their therapeutic potentials for respiratory inflammatory diseases. Although the mechanism of MSCs-based therapy has been well explored, only a few articles have summarized the key advances in this field. We hereby provide a review over the latest progresses made on the MSCs-based therapies for four types of inflammatory respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and the uncovery of their underlying mechanisms from the perspective of biological characteristics and functions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the MSCs-based therapies and prospects for their optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐yao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Ting‐yue Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hao‐yang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐yao Zheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hui‐qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
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16
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Transcriptional Profile of Cytokines, Regulatory Mediators and TLR in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Inflammatory Signaling and Cell-Passaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147309. [PMID: 34298927 PMCID: PMC8306573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) harbors a rich population of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that are of interest for tissue repair. For this purpose, it is of utmost importance to determine the response of AT-MSCs to proliferative and inflammatory signals within the damaged tissue. We have characterized the transcriptional profile of cytokines, regulatory mediators and Toll-like receptors (TLR) relevant to the response of MSCs. AT-MSCs constitutively present a distinct profile for each gene and differentially responded to inflammation and cell-passaging. Inflammation leads to an upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFα and CCL5 cytokine expression. Inflammation and cell-passaging increased the expression of HGF, IDO1, PTGS1, PTGS2 and TGFβ. The expression of the TLR pattern was differentially modulated with TLR 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 10 being increased, whereas TLR 5 and 6 downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated a complex interplay between cytokines, TLR and regulatory mediators central for tissue repair. This profiling highlights that following a combination of inflammatory and proliferative signals, the sensitivity and responsive capacity of AT-MSCs may be significantly modified. Understanding these transcriptional changes may help the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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17
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Ye Y, Liu Q, Li C, He P. miR-125a-5p Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6684709. [PMID: 34195280 PMCID: PMC8203358 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are a well-recognized multilineage stem cell with vital clinical feasibility for tissue regeneration. Extensive evidence indicates that oxidative stress and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play an important role in the osteoinduction of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of miR-125a-5p in regulating the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) under oxidative stress. The expression of miR-125a-5p lessened gradually during the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Relative to the negative group, the expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osterix in the miR-125a-5p group were marked lower than those in the miR-125a-5p inhibitor group. The levels of p16, p21, p53, miR-125a-5p, and ROS during osteoinduction of hADSCs were assessed in vitro under oxidative stress and were observed to be upregulated. Further experiments showed that oxidative stress and miR-125a-5p together suppressed the expression of VEGF during osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs and that the inhibition of miR-125a-5p reversed the effect of oxidative stress. In short, our study indicated that miR-125a-5p is induced under oxidative stress and inhibits the expression of VEGF, leading to the reduction of osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Our outcomes showed that miR-125a-5p could be a potential clinical target for bone repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Ye
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Nankang, Ganzhou 341400, China
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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18
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Different Stages of Quiescence, Senescence, and Cell Stress Identified by Molecular Algorithm Based on the Expression of Ki67, RPS6, and Beta-Galactosidase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063102. [PMID: 33803589 PMCID: PMC8002939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During their life span, cells have two possible states: a non-cycling, quiescent state (G0) and a cycling, activated state. Cells may enter a reversible G0 state of quiescence or, alternatively, they may undergo an irreversible G0 state. The latter may be a physiological differentiation or, following a stress event, a senescent status. Discrimination among the several G0 states represents a significant investigation, since quiescence, differentiation, and senescence are progressive phenomena with intermediate transitional stages. We used the expression of Ki67, RPS6, and beta-galactosidase to identify healthy cells that progressively enter and leave quiescence through G0-entry, G0 and G0-alert states. We then evaluated how cells may enter senescence following a genotoxic stressful event. We identified an initial stress stage with the expression of beta-galactosidase and Ki67 proliferation marker. Cells may recover from stress events or become senescent passing through early and late senescence states. Discrimination between quiescence and senescence was based on the expression of RPS6, a marker of active protein synthesis that is present in senescent cells but absent in quiescent cells. Even taking into account that fixed G0 states do not exist, our molecular algorithm may represent a method for identifying turning points of G0 transitional states that continuously change.
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19
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Shi L, Han Q, Hong Y, Li W, Gong G, Cui J, Mao M, Liang X, Hu B, Li X, Luo Q, Zhang Y. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p rejuvenates aged mesenchymal stem cells derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and improves their therapeutic efficacy in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:147. [PMID: 33632305 PMCID: PMC7905557 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related disease with no cure. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a novel strategy for IPF treatment. Nevertheless, MSCs derived from patients with IPF (IPF-MSCs) become senescent, thereby reducing their beneficial effects in IPF. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate the senescence of MSCs, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated the mechanisms by which miR-199a-5p regulates IPF-MSC senescence and whether its inhibition could rejuvenate IPF-MSCs and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Methods Control-MSCs and IPF-MSCs were isolated from the adipose tissue of age-matched healthy and IPF donors, respectively. Cell senescence was examined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The level of miR-199a-5p was measured by RT-PCR. Autophagy was determined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The therapeutic efficacy of anti-miR-199a-5p-IPF-MSCs was assessed using a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Results Despite similar surface makers, IPF-MSCs exhibited increased cellular senescence and decreased proliferative capacity compared with control-MSCs. The expression of miR-199a-5p was significantly enhanced in the serum of IPF patients and IPF-MSCs compared with that of healthy donors and control-MSCs. The upregulation of miR-199a-5p induced senescence of control-MSCs, whereas the downregulation rescued IPF-MSC senescence. Mechanistically, miR-155-5p suppressed autophagy of MSCs via the AMPK signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of Sirtuin 1(Sirt1), resulting in cellular senescence. Accordingly, miR-155-5p inhibition promoted autophagy and ameliorated IPF-MSC senescence by activating the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway. Compared with IPF-MSCs, the transplantation of anti-miR-199a-5p-IPF-MSCs increased the ability to prevent progression of pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice. Conclusions Our study shows that miR-199a-5p regulates MSC senescence in patients with IPF by regulating the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway and miR-199a-5p is a novel target to rejuvenate IPF-MSCs and enhance their beneficial effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02215-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimei Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gencheng Gong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyu Cui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qun Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Agas D, Sabbieti MG. Archetypal autophagic players through new lenses for bone marrow stem/mature cells regulation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6101-6114. [PMID: 33492700 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow landscape consists of specialized and stem/progenitor cells, which coordinate important tissue-related and systemic physiological features. Within the marrow cavity, stem/progenitor and differentiated hematopoietic and skeletal cells congregate into dynamic functional assemblies throughout specific anatomical regions, termed niches. There is a need for better understanding of the bone marrow microareas, through exploration of the intramural physical and molecular interactions of the distinctive cell populations. The elective liaisons established among the mesenchymal/stromal stem cell and hematopoietic stem cell lineage trees play a key role in orchestrating the stem/mature cell behavior and customized hierarchies within bone marrow cell populations. Recently, the autophagic apparatus has been discovered to be an important feature of bone marrow homeostasis. Autophagy-related factors involved in the labyrinthic and highly dynamic bone marrow workshop redesign the niche framework by coordinating the operational schedule of pluripotent stem and mature cells. The following report summarizes the most recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the intramural relationships between bone marrow cells and key autophagic mediators. Doubtless, the consideration of the autophagy-related and unrelated functions of main players, such as p62, Atg7, Atg5, and Beclin-1 remains a compelling task to thoroughly understand the complex relations between the heterogenic cell types that populate bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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21
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Perrotta C, Cattaneo MG, Molteni R, De Palma C. Autophagy in the Regulation of Tissue Differentiation and Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602901. [PMID: 33363161 PMCID: PMC7758408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive pathway that allows the lysosomal degradation of damaged components. This conserved process is essential for metabolic plasticity and tissue homeostasis and is crucial for mammalian post-mitotic cells. Autophagy also controls stem cell fate and defective autophagy is involved in many pathophysiological processes. In this review, we focus on established and recent breakthroughs aimed at elucidating the impact of autophagy in differentiation and homeostasis maintenance of endothelium, muscle, immune system, and brain providing a suitable framework of the emerging results and highlighting the pivotal role of autophagic response in tissue functions, stem cell dynamics and differentiation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cattaneo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Duan R, Xie H, Liu ZZ. The Role of Autophagy in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608388. [PMID: 33324654 PMCID: PMC7723985 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are the only cell type in normal cartilage. The pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA) mostly revolve around the apoptosis and dysfunction of chondrocytes. Autophagy, as an intracellular degradation system that maintains the steady state of energy metabolism in cells, has been shown to restore the function of damaged chondrocytes, alleviating the occurrence and progression of OA. In this review, we explored the relationship between autophagy and OA and the key molecules of autophagy pathway that regulate the progression of OA, providing new ideas for OA treatment by targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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23
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The Effect of Angiotensin II, Retinoic Acid, EGCG, and Vitamin C on the Cardiomyogenic Differentiation Induction of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228752. [PMID: 33228183 PMCID: PMC7699548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) may be potentially applied in cell therapy or regenerative medicine as a new alternative source of stem cells. They could be particularly valuable in restoring cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the potential of biologically active compounds, namely, angiotensin II, retinoic acid (RA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), vitamin C alone, and the combinations of RA, EGCG, and vitamin C with angiotensin II to induce cardiomyogenic differentiation of AF-MSCs. We observed that the upregulated expression of cardiac gene markers (NKX2-5, MYH6, TNNT2, and DES) and cardiac ion channel genes (sodium, calcium, the potassium) also the increased levels of Connexin 43 and Nkx2.5 proteins. Extracellular flux analysis, applied for the first time on AF-MSCs induced with biologically active compounds, revealed the switch in AF-MSCS energetic phenotype and enhanced utilization of oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Moreover, we demonstrated changes in epigenetic marks associated with transcriptionally active (H3K4me3, H3K9ac, and H4hyperAc) or repressed (H3K27me3) chromatin. All in all, we demonstrated that explored biomolecules were able to induce alterations in AF-MSCs at the phenotypic, genetic, protein, metabolic, and epigenetic levels, leading to the formation of cardiomyocyte progenitors that may become functional heart cells in vitro or in vivo.
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24
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Resnik SR, Egger A, Abdo Abujamra B, Jozic I. Clinical Implications of Cellular Senescence on Wound Healing. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Herb-Derived Products: Natural Tools to Delay and Counteract Stem Cell Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8827038. [PMID: 33101419 PMCID: PMC7568162 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in organismal aging increasing with age and in age-related diseases (ARDs). This process involves physiological, structural, biochemical, and molecular changes of cells, leading to a characteristic trait referred to "senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)." In particular, with aging, stem cells (SCs) in situ exhibit a diminished capacity of self-renewal and show a decline in their functionality. The identification of interventions able to prevent the accumulation of senescent SCs in the organism or to pretreat cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prior to employing them for cell therapy is a main purpose of medical research. Many approaches have been investigated and resulted effective to prevent or counteract SC senescence in humans, as well as other animal models. In this work, we have reviewed the chance of using a number of herb-derived products as novel tools in the treatment of cell senescence, highlighting the efficacy of these agents, often still far from being clearly understood.
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26
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Bao X, Wang J, Zhou G, Aszodi A, Schönitzer V, Scherthan H, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Extended in vitro culture of primary human mesenchymal stem cells downregulates Brca1-related genes and impairs DNA double-strand break recognition. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1238-1250. [PMID: 32333827 PMCID: PMC7327915 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage adult stem cells with considerable potential for cell‐based regenerative therapies. In vitro expansion changes their epigenetic and cellular properties, with a poorly understood impact on DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability. We report here results of a transcriptome‐based pathway analysis of in vitro‐expanded human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSCs), supplemented with cellular assays focusing on DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair. Gene pathways affected by in vitro aging were mapped using gene ontology, KEGG, and GSEA, and were found to involve DNA repair, homologous recombination (HR), cell cycle control, and chromosomal replication. Assays for the recognition (γ‐H2AX + 53BP1 foci) and repair (pBRCA1 + γ‐H2AX foci) of X‐ray‐induced DNA DSBs in hBM‐MSCs show that over a period of 8 weeks of in vitro aging (i.e., about 10 doubling times), cells exhibit a reduced DDR and a higher fraction of residual DNA damage. Furthermore, a distinct subpopulation of cells with impaired DNA DSB recognition was observed. Several genes that participate in DNA repair by HR (e.g., Rad51, Rad54, BRCA1) show a 2.3‐ to fourfold reduction of their mRNA expression by qRT‐PCR. We conclude that the in vitro expansion of hMSCs can lead to aging‐related impairment of the recognition and repair of DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Bao
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schönitzer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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27
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Rastaldo R, Vitale E, Giachino C. Dual Role of Autophagy in Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:276. [PMID: 32391362 PMCID: PMC7193103 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During their development and overall life, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encounter a plethora of internal and external stress signals and therefore, they need to put in action homeostatic changes in order to face these stresses. To this aim, similar to other mammalian cells, MSCs are endowed with two crucial biological responses, autophagy and senescence. Sharing of a number of stimuli like shrinkage of telomeres, oncogenic and oxidative stress, and DNA damage, suggest an intriguingly close relationship between autophagy and senescence. Autophagy is at first reported to suppress MSC senescence by clearing injured cytoplasmic organelles and impaired macromolecules, yet recent investigations also showed that autophagy can promote MSC senescence by inducing the production of senescence-associated secretory proteins (SASP). These apparently contrary contributions of autophagy may mirror an intricate image of autophagic regulation on MSC senescence. We here tackle the pro-senescence and anti-senescence roles of autophagy in MSCs while concentrating on some possible mechanistic explanations of such an intricate liaison. Clarifying the autophagy/senescence relationship in MSCs will help the development of more effective and safer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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28
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Enhanced Effect of IL-1 β-Activated Adipose-Derived MSCs (ADMSCs) on Repair of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via COX-2-PGE 2 Signaling. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2803747. [PMID: 32377202 PMCID: PMC7183531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2803747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have been used for treating tissue injury, and preactivation enhances their therapeutic effect. This study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of activated ADMSCs by IL-1β on the intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and exploring potential mechanisms. ADMSCs were pretreated with IL-1β in vitro, and activation of ADMSCs was assessed by α-SMA and COX-2 expressions and secretary function. Activated ADMSCs was transplanted into IR-injured intestine in a mouse model, and therapeutic effect was evaluated. In addition, to explore underlying mechanisms, COX-2 expression was silenced to investigate its role in activated ADMSCs for treatment of intestinal IR injury. When ADMSCs were pretreated with 50 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 hr, expressions of α-SMA and COX-2 were significantly upregulated, and secretions of PGE2, SDF-1, and VEGF were increased. When COX-2 was silenced, the effect of IL-1β treatment was abolished. Activated ADMSCs with IL-1β significantly suppressed inflammation and apoptosis and enhanced healing of intestinal IR injury in mice, and these effects were impaired by COX-2 silencing. The results of RNA sequencing suggested that compared with the IR injury group activated ADMSCs induced alterations in mRNA expression and suppressed the activation of the NF-κB-P65, MAPK-ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT pathways induced by intestinal IR injury, whereas silencing COX-2 impaired the suppressive effect of activated ADMSCs on these pathway activations induced by IR injury. These data suggested that IL-1β pretreatment enhanced the therapeutic effect of ADMSCs on intestinal IR injury repairing via activating ADMSC COX-2-PGE2 signaling axis and via suppressing the NF-κB-P65, MAPK-ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT pathways in the intestinal IR-injured tissue.
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29
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Alessio N, Squillaro T, Di Bernardo G, Galano G, De Rosa R, Melone MA, Peluso G, Galderisi U. Increase of circulating IGFBP-4 following genotoxic stress and its implication for senescence. eLife 2020; 9:54523. [PMID: 32223893 PMCID: PMC7136022 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells secrete several molecules, collectively named senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In the SASP of cells that became senescent following several in vitro chemical and physical stress, we identified the IGFBP-4 protein that can be considered a general stress mediator. This factor appeared to play a key role in senescence-paracrine signaling. We provided evidences showing that genotoxic injury, such as low dose irradiation, may promote an IGFBP-4 release in bloodstream both in mice irradiated with 100 mGy X-ray and in human subjects that received Computer Tomography. Increased level of circulating IGFBP-4 may be responsible of pro-aging effect. We found a significant increase of senescent cells in the lungs, heart, and kidneys of mice that were intraperitoneally injected with IGFBP-4 twice a week for two months. We then analyzed how genotoxic stressors may promote the release of IGFBP-4 and the molecular pathways associated with the induction of senescence by this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Galano
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro P.S.I. Napoli Est - Barra, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto De Rosa
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro P.S.I. Napoli Est - Barra, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Ab Melone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy.,Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), CNR, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
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30
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García-Bonilla M, Ojeda-Pérez B, García-Martín ML, Muñoz-Hernández MC, Vitorica J, Jiménez S, Cifuentes M, Santos-Ruíz L, Shumilov K, Claros S, Gutiérrez A, Páez-González P, Jiménez AJ. Neocortical tissue recovery in severe congenital obstructive hydrocephalus after intraventricular administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32183876 PMCID: PMC7079418 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In obstructive congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated with high intracranial pressure and the presence of periventricular edema, ischemia/hypoxia, damage of the white matter, and glial reactions in the neocortex. The viability and short time effects of a therapy based on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have been evaluated in such pathological conditions in the hyh mouse model. Methods BM-MSC obtained from mice expressing fluorescent mRFP1 protein were injected into the lateral ventricle of hydrocephalic hyh mice at the moment they present a very severe form of the disease. The effect of transplantation in the neocortex was compared with hydrocephalic hyh mice injected with the vehicle and non-hydrocephalic littermates. Neural cell populations and the possibility of transdifferentiation were analyzed. The possibility of a tissue recovering was investigated using 1H High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy, thus allowing the detection of metabolites/osmolytes related with hydrocephalus severity and outcome in the neocortex. An in vitro assay to simulate the periventricular astrocyte reaction conditions was performed using BM-MSC under high TNFα level condition. The secretome in the culture medium was analyzed in this assay. Results Four days after transplantation, BM-MSC were found undifferentiated and scattered into the astrocyte reaction present in the damaged neocortex white matter. Tissue rejection to the integrated BM-MSC was not detected 4 days after transplantation. Hyh mice transplanted with BM-MSC showed a reduction in the apoptosis in the periventricular neocortex walls, suggesting a neuroprotector effect of the BM-MSC in these conditions. A decrease in the levels of metabolites/osmolytes in the neocortex, such as taurine and neuroexcytotoxic glutamate, also indicated a tissue recovering. Under high TNFα level condition in vitro, BM-MSC showed an upregulation of cytokine and protein secretion that may explain homing, immunomodulation, and vascular permeability, and therefore the tissue recovering. Conclusions BM-MSC treatment in severe congenital hydrocephalus is viable and leads to the recovery of the severe neurodegenerative conditions in the neocortex. NMR spectroscopy allows to follow-up the effects of stem cell therapy in hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Bonilla
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Betsaida Ojeda-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - María L García-Martín
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine & Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga), Malaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Muñoz-Hernández
- BIONAND, Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine & Biotechnology (Junta de Andalucía-Universidad de Málaga), Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastián Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Leonor Santos-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Claros
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Páez-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.
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31
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Boulestreau J, Maumus M, Rozier P, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:107. [PMID: 32154253 PMCID: PMC7047768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases that take a large part of the increasing burden of morbidities in a growing demographic of elderly people. Aging is a complex process that involves cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous mechanisms where senescence plays an important role. Senescence is characterized by the loss of proliferative potential, resistance to cell death by apoptosis and expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP includes pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tissue-damaging proteases, growth factors; all contributing to tissue microenvironment alteration and loss of tissue homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the changes in the number and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by senescent cells contribute to the adverse effects of senescence in aging. In addition, age-related alterations in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been associated to dysregulated functions. The loss of functional stem cells necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis likely directly contributes to aging. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics and role of EVs isolated from senescent MSCs, the potential effect of MSC-derived EVs in aging and discuss their therapeutic potential to improve age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Boulestreau
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Maumus
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Rozier
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU, Montpellier, France
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32
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Neri S, Borzì RM. Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E340. [PMID: 32098040 PMCID: PMC7072652 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. Beside the fundamental in vivo role of MSCs, they have also emerged in the last years as extremely promising therapeutic agents for a wide variety of clinical conditions. MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. Aging of MSCs (both in vivo and in vitro) can affect not only their replicative potential, but also their properties, like immunomodulation and secretory profile, thus possibly compromising their therapeutic effect. It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence and to define shared methods to assess MSC aging status. The present review will focus on current scientific knowledge about MSC aging mechanisms, control and effects, including possible anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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33
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Sharifi-Rad M, Pezzani R, Redaelli M, Zorzan M, Imran M, Ahmed Khalil A, Salehi B, Sharopov F, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Preclinical Pharmacological Activities of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Signaling Pathways: An Update on Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E467. [PMID: 31979082 PMCID: PMC7037968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of catechins predominantly present in svarious types of teas. EGCG is well known for a wide spectrum of biological activity as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. The effect of EGCG on cell death mechanisms via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy has been documented. Moreover, its anti-proliferative and chemopreventive action has been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. It was also involved in the modulation of cyclooxygenase-2, in oxidative stress and inflammation of different cell processes. EGCG has been reported as a promising target for plasma membrane proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In addition, it has been demonstrated a mechanism of action relying on the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). EGCG and its derivatives were used in proteasome inhibition and they were involved in epigenetic mechanisms. In summary, EGCG is the most predominant and bioactive constituent of teas and it has a pivotal role in cancer prevention. Its preclinical pharmacological activities are associated with complex molecular mechanisms that involve numerous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35046 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marco Redaelli
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35046 Padova, Italy;
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET, Pz. Milani 4, Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore (VE), 30010 Venice, Italy
| | - Maira Zorzan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET, Pz. Milani 4, Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore (VE), 30010 Venice, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
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A proteomic atlas of senescence-associated secretomes for aging biomarker development. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000599. [PMID: 31945054 PMCID: PMC6964821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has recently emerged as a driver of and promising therapeutic target for multiple age-related conditions, ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. The complexity of the SASP, typically assessed by a few dozen secreted proteins, has been greatly underestimated, and a small set of factors cannot explain the diverse phenotypes it produces in vivo. Here, we present the “SASP Atlas,” a comprehensive proteomic database of soluble proteins and exosomal cargo SASP factors originating from multiple senescence inducers and cell types. Each profile consists of hundreds of largely distinct proteins but also includes a subset of proteins elevated in all SASPs. Our analyses identify several candidate biomarkers of cellular senescence that overlap with aging markers in human plasma, including Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), stanniocalcin 1 (STC1), and serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs), which significantly correlated with age in plasma from a human cohort, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Our findings will facilitate the identification of proteins characteristic of senescence-associated phenotypes and catalog potential senescence biomarkers to assess the burden, originating stimulus, and tissue of origin of senescent cells in vivo. The first comprehensive proteomic characterization of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) to our knowledge reveals substantial heterogeneity based on senescence inducer and cell type. The SASP Atlas represents a valuable resource for the identification of further candidate biomarkers of ageing.
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Seok J, Jung HS, Park S, Lee JO, Kim CJ, Kim GJ. Alteration of fatty acid oxidation by increased CPT1A on replicative senescence of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 31900237 PMCID: PMC6941254 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. However, a limited lifespan by senescence through mechanisms that are well unknown is the greatest obstacle. In the present study, we first demonstrated the characterization of replicative senescent PD-MSCs and their possible mitochondrial functional alterations. Methods Human PD-MSCs were cultured to senescent cells for a long period of time. The cells of before passage number 8 were early cells and after passage number 14 were late cells. Also, immortalized cells of PD-MSCs (overexpressed hTERT gene into PD-MSCs) after passage number 14 were positive control of non-senescent cells. The characterization and mitochondria analysis of PD-MSCs were explored with long-term cultivation. Results Long-term cultivation of PD-MSCs exhibited increases of senescent markers such as SA-β-gal and p21 including apoptotic factor, and decreases of proliferation, differentiation potential, and survival factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed in membrane potential and metabolic flexibility with enlarged mitochondrial mass. Interestingly, we founded that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is an important metabolism in PD-MSCs, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase1A (CPT1A) overexpressed in senescent PD-MSCs. The inhibition of CPT1A induced a change of energy metabolism and reversed senescence of PD-MSCs. Conclusions These findings suggest that alteration of FAO by increased CPT1A plays an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence of PD-MSCs during long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Lights and Shadows in the Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lung Inflammation, a Poorly Investigated Topic in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010020. [PMID: 31861724 PMCID: PMC7016730 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic stem cells residing in many tissues, including the lung. MSCs have long been regarded as a promising tool for cell-based therapy because of their ability to replace damaged tissue by differentiating into the resident cell and repopulating the injured area. Their ability to release soluble factors and extracellular vesicles has emerged as crucial in the resolution of inflammation and injury. There is a growing literature on the use of MSCs and MSC secretome to hamper inflammation in different lung pathologies, including: asthma, pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their potential therapeutic role in the context of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung inflammation is still not fully characterized. CF morbidity and mortality are mainly due to progressive lung dysfunction. Lung inflammation is a chronic and unresolved condition that triggers progressive tissue damage. Thus, it becomes even more important to develop innovative immunomodulatory therapies aside from classic anti-inflammatory agents. Here, we address the main features of CF and the implications in lung inflammation. We then review how MSCs and MSC secretome participate in attenuating inflammation in pulmonary pathologies, emphasizing the significant potential of MSCs as new therapeutic approach in CF.
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Khasawneh RR, Abu-El-Rub E, Serhan AO, Serhan BO, Abu-El-Rub H. Cross talk between 26S proteasome and mitochondria in human mesenchymal stem cells' ability to survive under hypoxia stress. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1005-1017. [PMID: 31679117 PMCID: PMC10716940 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as unique cells which play an imperative role in the field of regenerative medicine. They are characterized by the self-renewal capacity, multi-lineage differentiation abilities and immunomodulation properties which render them perfectly ideal cell type for treating a wide range of chronic diseases. Despite these enchanted features, there are many hurdles that need to be circumvented to ensure their long-term survival and viability after transplantation. Recently, hypoxia has been indicated as one of the most baffling stress conditions that can affect the survival rate of MSCs either positively or negatively depending on the level of hypoxia. MSCs can survive well under moderate hypoxia, but die shortly if they were exposed to severe hypoxia without clearly convincing explanation for this enigma. The current study reveals a novel mechanism of 26S proteasome in controlling the ability of BM-MSCs to withstand hypoxic stress by maintaining proper mitochondrial function. The results indicated that 26S proteasome remains functioning once BM- MSCs are exposed to moderate hypoxia (2.5%O2) and preserves their survival and proliferation mediated by intact mitochondrial performance, whereas 26S proteasome becomes inactive when BM-MSCs faces severe hypoxia that lead to poor mitochondrial function and less chance to survive longer. The outcomes of this study demonstrated the importance of 26S proteasome machinery in enhancing the resistance of BM-MSCs to hypoxic stress condition which may help in better planning future studies that target this system. Schematic representation summarizing the findings of the current study. 26S proteasome function preservation in normoxia and moderate hypoxia leads to maintain appropriate proliferation and mitochondrial activity in human BM-MSCs and promote their survival. On the opposite side, severe hypoxia disrupts the 26S proteasome function leading to significant reduction in the proliferation, survival and mitochondrial dynamics in human BM-MSCs causing their death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramada R Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | | | - Bashar Omar Serhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Abu-El-Rub
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Mao Q, Xia H. A simple, efficient and economical method for isolating and culturing human umbilical cord blood‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5257-5264. [PMID: 31661118 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold broad therapeutic potential in various diseases, however, it is difficult to produce sufficient numbers of MSCs for clinical application, therefore, improved culture systems are required. The present study aimed to develop a novel method for isolating and culturing human umbilical cord blood‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCB‑MSCs). A sequential culture method was developed that uses two types of culture media to optimize the isolation and culture of hUCB‑MSCs. First, DMEM supplemented with mesenchymal stem cell growth supplement was used to improve the colony formation and primary culture success rates of hUCB‑MSCs. Then, after removing the heterogeneous cell population, ordinary DMEM was used from the fourth passage. This method obtained hUCB‑MSCs with high culture efficiency and at a greatly reduced cost. The optimal culture conditions were determined and the hUCB‑MSCs were phenotypically characterized after passaging. Taken together, this simple, efficient and economical method can produce a large number of high‑quality hUCB‑MSCs in <1 month, therefore facilitating the future clinical applications of hUCB‑MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
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Zhao X, Ruan J, Tang H, Li J, Shi Y, Li M, Li S, Xu C, Lu Q, Dai C. Multi-compositional MRI evaluation of repair cartilage in knee osteoarthritis with treatment of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:308. [PMID: 31639063 PMCID: PMC6805685 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used multimodal compositional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, combined with clinical outcomes, to differentiate the alternations of composition in repair cartilage with allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (haMPCs) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. METHODS Eighteen patients participated a phase I/IIa clinical trial. All patients were divided randomly into three groups with intra-articular injections of haMPCs: the low-dose (1.0 × 107 cells), mid-dose (2.0 × 107), and high-dose (5.0 × 107) groups with six patients each. Compositional MRI examinations and clinical evaluations were performed at different time points. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in quantitative T1rho, T2, T2star, R2star, and ADC measurements in patients of three dose groups, suggesting a possible compositional changes of cartilage with the treatment of allogeneic haMPCs. Also significant reduction in WOMAC and SF-36 scores showed the symptoms might be alleviated to some extent with this new treatment. As regards sensibilities of multi-parametric mappings to detect compositional or structural changes of cartilage, T1rho mapping was most sensitive to differentiate difference between three dose groups. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that multi-compositional MRI sequences might be an effective tool to evaluate the promotion of the repair of cartilage with allogeneic haMPCs by providing information of compositional alterations of cartilage. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials, NCT02641860 . Registered 3 December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingjing Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingxuan Shi
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Meng Li
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Suke Li
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Cuili Xu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Chengxiang Dai
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Inc., No. 85 Faladi Road, Building 3, Zhangjiang, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Alessio N, Stellavato A, Squillaro T, Del Gaudio S, Di Bernardo G, Peluso G, De Rosa M, Schiraldi C, Galderisi U. Hybrid complexes of high and low molecular weight hyaluronan delay in vitro replicative senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells: a pilot study for future therapeutic application. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1575-1585. [PMID: 30001217 PMCID: PMC6075440 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, a subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), are present in the stroma of several tissues. MSC in vitro cultivation for clinical treatments may greatly affect MSC properties. A primary handicap is replicative senescence that impairs MSC functions. Hyaluronan (HA) is present in the extracellular matrix that composes the stem cell niche environment and is under investigation as a key factor for in vitro stem cell growth. We evaluated the effect on MSC cultivation of HA hybrid cooperative complexes (HCC) that are obtained from high (H) and low (L) weight molecules (NAHYCO™). We compared this HCC with H-HA and L-HA. We investigated the effects of these HAs on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation following the addition of the polymer solutions in the culture media at concentrations that did not drastically modify the medium viscosity. Interestingly, 0,16% HCC significantly delayed the senescence compared with the controls. This occurred without alteration of the cell cycle, cytotoxicity, or apoptosis. HCCs also promoted adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Our finding could suggest a potential functional role of HCC above the updated scientific reports of its effects and pave the way to optimization of MSC cultivation for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stellavato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Del Gaudio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Rosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
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41
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Park KS, Bandeira E, Shelke GV, Lässer C, Lötvall J. Enhancement of therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31547882 PMCID: PMC6757418 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After the initial investigations into applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy, there was increased interest in their secreted soluble factors. Following studies of MSCs and their secreted factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from MSCs have emerged as a new mode of intercellular crosstalk. MSC-derived EVs have been identified as essential signaling mediators under both physiological and pathological conditions, and they appear to be responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In several in vitro and in vivo models, EVs have been observed to have supportive functions in modulating the immune system, mainly mediated by EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, stimulation of MSCs with biophysical or biochemical cues, including EVs from other cells, has been shown to influence the contents and biological activities of subsequent MSC-derived EVs. This review provides on overview of the contents of MSC-derived EVs in terms of their supportive effects, and it provides different perspectives on the manipulation of MSCs to improve the secretion of EVs and subsequent EV-mediated activities. In this review, we discuss the possibilities for manipulating MSCs for EV-based cell therapy and for using EVs to affect the expression of elements of interest in MSCs. In this way, we provide a clear perspective on the state of the art of EVs in cell therapy focusing on MSCs, and we raise pertinent questions and suggestions for knowledge gaps to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Elga Bandeira
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh V Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Airini R, Iordache F, Alexandru D, Savu L, Epureanu FB, Mihailescu D, Amuzescu B, Maniu H. Senescence-induced immunophenotype, gene expression and electrophysiology changes in human amniocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7233-7245. [PMID: 31478614 PMCID: PMC6815807 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evidence replicative senescence‐induced changes in human amniocytes via flow cytometry, quantitative reverse‐transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and automated/manual patch‐clamp. Both cryopreserved and senescent amniocytes cultured in BIO‐AMF‐2 medium featured high percentages of pluripotency cell surface antigens SSEA‐1, SSEA‐4, TRA1‐60, TRA1‐81 (assessed by flow cytometry) and expression of pluripotency markers Oct4 (Pou5f1) and Nanog (by qRT‐PCR). We demonstrated in senescent vs cryopreserved amniocytes decreases in mesenchymal stem cell surface markers. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase stained only senescent amniocytes, and they showed no deoxyuridine incorporation. The gene expression profile revealed a secretory phenotype of senescent amniocytes (increased interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, transforming growth factor β, nuclear factor κB p65 expression), increases for cell cycle‐regulating genes (p16INK4A), cytoskeletal elements (β‐actin); HMGB1, c‐Myc, Bcl‐2 showed reduced changes and p21, MDM2 decreased. Via patch‐clamp we identified five ion current components: outward rectifier K+ current, an inactivatable component, big conductance Ca2+‐dependent K+ channels (BK) current fluctuations, Na+ current, and inward rectifier K+ current. Iberiotoxin 100 nmol/L blocked 71% of BK fluctuations, and lidocaine 200 μmol/L exerted use‐dependent Na+ current block. Transient receptor potential (TRP)M7‐like current density at −120 mV was significantly increased in senescent amniocytes. The proinflammatory profile acquired by senescent amniocytes in vitro may prevent their use in clinical therapies for immunosuppression, antiapoptotic and healing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Airini
- Department of Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, "N. Simionescu" Institute of Cell Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorin Alexandru
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, "N. Simionescu" Institute of Cell Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lorand Savu
- Genetic Lab S.R.L., Bucharest, Romania.,Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Bogdan Epureanu
- Department of Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Mihailescu
- Department of Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Amuzescu
- Department of Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Maniu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, "N. Simionescu" Institute of Cell Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Maglioni S, Mello DF, Schiavi A, Meyer JN, Ventura N. Mitochondrial bioenergetic changes during development as an indicator of C. elegans health-span. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6535-6554. [PMID: 31454791 PMCID: PMC6738431 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mild suppression of mitochondrial activity has beneficial effects across species. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a versatile, genetically tractable model organism widely employed for aging studies, which has led to the identification of many of the known evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulating lifespan. In C. elegans the pro-longevity effect of reducing mitochondrial function, for example by RNA interference, is only achieved if mitochondrial stress is applied during larval development. Surprisingly, a careful analysis of changes in mitochondrial functions resulting from such treatments during the developmental windows in which pro-longevity signals are programmed has never been carried out. Thus, although the powerful C. elegans genetics have led to the identification of different molecular mechanisms causally involved in mitochondrial stress control of longevity, specific functional mitochondrial biomarkers indicative or predictive of lifespan remain to be identified. To fill this gap, we systematically characterized multiple mitochondrial functional parameters at an early developmental stage in animals that are long-lived due to mild knockdown of twelve different mitochondrial proteins and correlated these parameters with animals’ lifespan. We found that basal oxygen consumption rate and ATP-linked respiration positively correlate with lifespan extension and propose the testable hypothesis that the Bioenergetic Health Index can be used as a proxy to predict health-span outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Danielle F Mello
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) from mesenchymal stromal cells impairs growth of immortalized prostate cells but has no effect on metastatic prostatic cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5817-5828. [PMID: 31412320 PMCID: PMC6710033 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells secrete inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and other factors, which are indicated as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). There are contrasting studies on the role of the SASP in cancer. Studies suggested that cancer cells may misuse the senescent secretome for their growth. Other investigations evidenced that the SASP may induce cancer growth arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. These conflicting data can be reconciled considering that cancer cells can coax senescent cells to secrete factors for their survival, thus abrogating the SASP’s anti-cancer effect. Cancer stage may also have an impact on the capacity of the SASP to block tumor proliferation and promote senescence. Indeed, senescence is associated with a permanent cell cycle arrest, which needs functional cell cycle checkpoints. We evaluated the SASP effect on the in vitro biological properties of PNT2 and PC3 cells, which are immortalized prostate cells and metastatic prostatic cancer cells, respectively. We evidenced that SASPs, coming either from mesenchymal stromal cells treated with H202 or with low X-ray doses, induced senescence of immortalized cells but not of cancer cells. Hence, the SASP released by acute senescent cells should be considered as an effective weapon against pre-tumorigenesis events rather than an anti-cancer mechanism acting on malignant cells.
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45
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Gasiūnienė M, Petkus G, Matuzevičius D, Navakauskas D, Navakauskienė R. Angiotensin II and TGF- β1 Induce Alterations in Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Leading to Cardiomyogenic Differentiation Initiation. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:251-264. [PMID: 31023001 PMCID: PMC6657950 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) may be a valuable source for cardiovascular tissue engineering and cell therapy. The aim of this study is to verify angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) as potential cardiomyogenic differentiation inducers of AF-MSCs. Methods and Results AF-MSCs were obtained from amniocentesis samples from second-trimester pregnant women, isolated and characterized by the expression of cell surface markers (CD44, CD90, CD105 positive; CD34 negative) and pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, REX1). Cardiomyogenic differentiation was induced using different concentrations of angiotensin II and TGF-β1. Successful initiation of differentiation was confirmed by alterations in cell morphology, upregulation of cardiac genes-markers NKX2-5, TBX5, GATA4, MYH6, TNNT2, DES and main cardiac ion channels genes (sodium, calcium, potassium) as determined by RT-qPCR. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed the increased expression of Connexin43, the main component of gap junctions, and Nkx2.5, the early cardiac transcription factor. Induced AF-MSCs switched their phenotype towards more energetic and started utilizing oxidative phosphorylation more than glycolysis for energy production as assessed using Agilent Seahorse XF analyzer. The immune analysis of chromatin-modifying enzymes DNMT1, HDAC1/2 and Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1/2) proteins BMI1, EZH2 and SUZ12 as well as of modified histones H3 and H4 indicated global chromatin remodeling during the induced differentiation. Conclusions Angiotensin II and TGF-β1 are efficient cardiomyogenic inducers of human AF-MSCs; they initiate alterations at the gene and protein expression, metabolic and epigenetic levels in stem cells leading towards cardiomyocyte- like phenotype formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gasiūnienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintautas Petkus
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Matuzevičius
- Electronic Systems Department, Electronics Faculty, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Navakauskas
- Electronic Systems Department, Electronics Faculty, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Safety and Feasibility of Repeated Intrathecal Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8421281. [PMID: 31428161 PMCID: PMC6683773 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8421281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become the most commonly used adult stem cells in regenerative medicine. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs-based therapy is a potential new treatment approach for neurological diseases. Intrathecal injection has unique feature which allows stem cells to directly migrate to the lesion site in patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this study, we evaluate the safety and feasibility of intrathecal allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in patients with neurological diseases. This open-label clinical study included 37 patients (14 diseases). Eligible patients underwent a baseline assessment and were intrathecally injected with allogeneic BM-MSCs (1 × 106 cells/kg, 4 consecutive treatments at 1-week intervals). After four infusions, the patients were followed up for at least 6 months. Adverse events, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results, clinical symptoms, physical examination, and haematological and imaging examinations were used to assess the safety and feasibility of the treatment. Also, we performed a systematic review of the safety of all types of intrathecal stem cells and compared our result to previous studies. In our study, the highest adverse event was a slight ache at the injection site (4.11%), followed by fever (3.42%) and mild headache (2.05%). No severe adverse events were reported. After the intrathecal injections, the white blood cell (WBC) counts in the CSF increased in 30 patients and the protein concentration in the CSF exceeded the normal range in 26 patients, while other CSF indicators remained normal. Moreover, these patients had no suspected manifestations of CNS infection. Haematological and imaging examinations showed no abnormal changes after BM-MSCs infusion. Compared with previous studies, the incidence of adverse events was nearly consistent or even lower for headache, fever, nausea, and neck pain. In conclusion, repeated intrathecal allogeneic BM-MSCs are safe, feasible, and promising for the treatment of patients with neurological diseases.
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Fafián-Labora JA, Morente-López M, Arufe MC. Effect of aging on behaviour of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:337-346. [PMID: 31293716 PMCID: PMC6600848 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs whose source is the mesoderm lineage contain a subpopulation of stem cells that are able to differentiate among mesodermal derivatives (chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes). This subpopulation of adult stem cells, called "mesenchymal stem cells" or "mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)", contributes directly to the homeostatic maintenance of their organs; hence, their senescence could be very deleterious for human bodily functions. MSCs are easily isolated and amenable their expansion in vitro because of the research demanding to test them in many diverse clinical indications. All of these works are shown by the rapidly expanding literature that includes many in vivo animal models. We do not have an in-depth understanding of mechanisms that induce cellular senescence, and to further clarify the consequences of the senescence process in MSCs, some hints may be derived from the study of cellular behaviour in vivo and in vitro, autophagy, mitochondrial stress and exosomal activity. In this particular work, we decided to review these biological features in the literature on MSC senescence over the last three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain
| | - Miriam Morente-López
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain
| | - María C Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Ciencias Biomédicas y Medicina, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
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48
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MYC Expression and Metabolic Redox Changes in Cancer Cells: A Synergy Able to Induce Chemoresistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7346492. [PMID: 31341534 PMCID: PMC6614970 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7346492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is due to multiple factors including the induction of a metabolic adaptation of tumor cells. In fact, in these cells, stress conditions induced by therapies stimulate a metabolic reprogramming which involves the strengthening of various pathways such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. This metabolic reprogramming is the result of a complex network of mechanisms that, through the activation of oncogenes (i.e., MYC, HIF1, and PI3K) or the downregulation of tumor suppressors (i.e., TP53), induces an increased expression of glucose and/or glutamine transporters and of glycolytic enzymes. Therefore, in order to overcome chemoresistance, it is necessary to develop combined therapies which are able to selectively and simultaneously act on the multiple molecular targets responsible for this adaptation. This review is focused on highlighting the role of MYC in modulating the epigenetic redox changes which are crucial in the acquisition of therapy resistance.
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49
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Zhai W, Yong D, El-Jawhari JJ, Cuthbert R, McGonagle D, Win Naing M, Jones E. Identification of senescent cells in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell cultures: Current methods and future directions. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:803-819. [PMID: 31138507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of their tissue of origin, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are commonly expanded in vitro for several population doublings to achieve a sufficient number of cells for therapy. Prolonged MSC expansion has been shown to result in phenotypical, morphological and gene expression changes in MSCs, which ultimately lead to the state of senescence. The presence of senescent cells in therapeutic MSC batches is undesirable because it reduces their viability, differentiation potential and trophic capabilities. Additionally, senescent cells acquire senescence-activated secretory phenotype, which may not only induce apoptosis in the neighboring host cells following MSC transplantation, but also trigger local inflammatory reactions. This review outlines the current and promising new methodologies for the identification of senescent cells in MSC cultures, with a particular emphasis on non-destructive and label-free methodologies. Technologies allowing identification of individual senescent cells, based on new surface markers, offer potential advantage for targeted senescent cell removal using new-generation senolytic agents, and subsequent production of therapeutic MSC batches fully devoid of senescent cells. Methods or a combination of methods that are non-destructive and label-free, for example, involving cell size and spectroscopic measurements, could be the best way forward because they do not modify the cells of interest, thus maximizing the final output of therapeutic-grade MSC cultures. The further incorporation of machine learning methods has also recently shown promise in facilitating, automating and enhancing the analysis of these measured data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhai
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK; Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Innovis, Singapore
| | - Derrick Yong
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Innovis, Singapore
| | - Jehan Jomaa El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - May Win Naing
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Innovis, Singapore
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK.
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50
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Squillaro T, Alessio N, Capasso S, Di Bernardo G, Melone MAB, Peluso G, Galderisi U. Senescence Phenomena and Metabolic Alteration in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102508. [PMID: 31117273 PMCID: PMC6567034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifiers play a crucial role in maintaining cell identity through modulation of gene expression patterns. Their deregulation can have profound effects on cell fate and functions. Among epigenetic regulators, the MECP2 protein is particularly attractive. Mutations in the Mecp2 gene are responsible for more than 90% of cases of Rett syndrome (RTT), a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder. As a chromatin modulator, MECP2 can have a key role in the government of stem cell biology. Previously, we showed that deregulated MECP2 expression triggers senescence in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from (RTT) patients. Over the last few decades, it has emerged that senescent cells show alterations in the metabolic state. Metabolic changes related to stem cell senescence are particularly detrimental, since they contribute to the exhaustion of stem cell compartments, which in turn determine the falling in tissue renewal and functionality. Herein, we dissect the role of impaired MECP2 function in triggering senescence along with other senescence-related aspects, such as metabolism, in MSCs from a mouse model of RTT. We found that MECP2 deficiencies lead to senescence and impaired mitochondrial energy production. Our results support the idea that an alteration in mitochondria metabolic functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Capasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center for Rare Diseases and Inter University Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, BioLife Building (015-00)1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- USA Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, BioLife Building (015-00)1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA.
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