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Shaik AR, Kohli S, Vohora D. Bone effects of metformin monotherapy and its combination with teneligliptin: A 12-week follow-up study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111744. [PMID: 38878869 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The skeletal effects of metformin monotherapy and in combination with teneligliptin are not well illustrated in patients with T2DM. To address this, we conducted an observational study to evaluate the effect of these oral hypoglycemic agents on bone turnover markers. METHODS We recruited patients with T2DM and first-ever prescribed metformin monotherapy or metformin combined with teneligliptin from a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, North India. Both bone formation and resorption markers, IL-6 and PTD, were estimated along with glycated hemoglobin at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS In both groups, hbA1c levels decreased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks. In the metformin-treated group, β-CTX, sRANKL, IL-6, and PTD decreased significantly, and no significant changes were observed in P1NP, OC, BAP, or OPG at 12 weeks from baseline. In the metformin + teneligliptin group, BAP, β-CTX, sRANKL, IL-6, and PTD decreased significantly, and no significant changes were observed in P1NP, OC, or OPG after 12 weeks from baseline. CONCLUSIONS The positive bone outcome of metformin or teneligliptin was linked to bone resorption rather than bone formation and was independent of changes in HbA1c or PTD. However, these results must be confirmed with well-designed RCTs with more extended follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahaman Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sunil Kohli
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Granek Z, Barczuk J, Saramowicz K, Majsterek I. NCI 159456 PERK Inhibitor as a Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:889. [PMID: 38672243 PMCID: PMC11048160 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the most common histological type of lung cancer, characterized by a five-year survival rate of 15% and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence indicates a prominent role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-dependent pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Increased expression of downstream targets of PERK was observed in various subtypes of NSCLC, and it was associated with a more aggressive phenotype, high risk of recurrence, and poor prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the biological effect of the selective PERK inhibitor NCI 159456 on A549 NSCLC cells and Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts (HPF) in vitro. Treatment of both normal and ER-stressed A549 cells with NCI 159456 resulted in a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of pro-apoptotic genes like activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), and BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator (BAX) as well as a decreased level of the anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses revealed that NCI 159456 significantly decreased viability and increased DNA damage in A549 cells under normal and ER stress conditions. Caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays demonstrated that NCI 159456 significantly induced apoptosis and increased the ROS level in normal and ER-stressed A549 cells. Importantly, treatment with the inhibitor did not affect substantially normal HPF cells at any used concentration. The results indicate that PERK inhibitors could potentially be applied as a targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (G.G.); (N.S.); (Z.G.); (J.B.); (K.S.)
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3
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Sakata N. The anti-inflammatory effect of metformin: The molecular targets. Genes Cells 2024; 29:183-191. [PMID: 38311861 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug. Metformin mainly inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver and reduces blood sugar. In addition to the anti-diabetic effects, many studies have revealed that metformin has anti-inflammatory effects. Various molecules were suggested to be the target of the metformin's anti-inflammatory effects. However, the conclusion is not clear. Metformin is related to a number of molecules and the identification of the main target in anti-inflammatory effects leads to the understanding of inflammation and metformin. In this article, I discuss each suggested molecule, involved mechanisms, and their relationship with various diseases.
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A Novel Combination of Sotorasib and Metformin Enhances Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in KRAS-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines through MAPK and P70S6K Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054331. [PMID: 36901764 PMCID: PMC10001819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel inhibitors of KRAS with G12C mutation (sotorasib) have demonstrated short-lasting responses due to resistance mediated by the AKT-mTOR-P70S6K pathway. In this context, metformin is a promising candidate to break this resistance by inhibiting mTOR and P70S6K. Therefore, this project aimed to explore the effects of the combination of sotorasib and metformin on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and the activity of the MAPK and mTOR pathways. We created dose-effect curves to determine the IC50 concentration of sotorasib, and IC10 of metformin in three lung cancer cell lines; A549 (KRAS G12S), H522 (wild-type KRAS), and H23 (KRAS G12C). Cellular cytotoxicity was evaluated by an MTT assay, apoptosis induction through flow cytometry, and MAPK and mTOR pathways were assessed by Western blot. Our results showed a sensitizing effect of metformin on sotorasib effect in cells with KRAS mutations and a slight sensitizing effect in cells without K-RAS mutations. Furthermore, we observed a synergic effect on cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction, as well as a notable inhibition of the MAPK and AKT-mTOR pathways after treatment with the combination, predominantly in KRAS-mutated cells (H23 and A549). The combination of metformin with sotorasib synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in lung cancer cells, regardless of KRAS mutational status.
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Tsiroukidou K, Paschalidou EG, Grammatikopoulou MG, Androulakis J, Vamvakis A, Gkouskou KK, Tzimos C, Sergentanis TN, Vassilakou T, Roilides E, Bogdanos DP, Goulis DG. Serum Concentrations and Dietary Intake of Vitamin B 12 in Children and Adolescents on Metformin: A Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044205. [PMID: 36835611 PMCID: PMC9963648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommends metformin (MET) use for metabolic disturbances and hyperglycemia, either in combination with insulin therapy or alone. A caveat of MET therapy has been suggested to be biochemical vitamin B12 deficiency, as seen mainly in studies conducted in adults. In the present case-control study, children and adolescents of different weight status tiers on MET therapy for a median of 17 months formed the cases group (n = 23) and were compared with their peers not taking MET (n = 46). Anthropometry, dietary intake, and blood assays were recorded for both groups. MET group members were older, heavier, and taller compared with the controls, although BMI z-scores did not differ. In parallel, blood phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations were lower in the MET group, whereas MCV, Δ4-androstenedione, and DHEA-S were higher. No differences were observed in the HOMA-IR, SHBG, hemoglobin, HbA1c, vitamin B12, or serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations between groups. Among those on MET, 17.4% exhibited vitamin B12 deficiency, whereas none of the controls had low vitamin B12 concentrations. Participants on MET therapy consumed less energy concerning their requirements, less vitamin B12, more carbohydrates (as a percentage of the energy intake), and fewer fats (including saturated and trans fats) compared with their peers not on MET. None of the children received oral nutrient supplements with vitamin B12. The results suggest that, in children and adolescents on MET therapy, the dietary intake of vitamin B12 is suboptimal, with the median coverage reaching 54% of the age- and sex-specific recommended daily allowance. This low dietary intake, paired with MET, may act synergistically in reducing the circulating vitamin B12 concentrations. Thus, caution is required when prescribing MET in children and adolescents, and replacement is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Tsiroukidou
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni G. Paschalidou
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - John Androulakis
- IsoPlus, Scientific Department, 236 Syggrou Avenue, GR-17672 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Vamvakis
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sciences School of Health Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kalliopi K. Gkouskou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Tzimos
- Northern Greece Statistics Directorate, Hellenic Statistical Authority, 218 Delfon Str., GR-54646 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ottaiano A, Santorsola M, Circelli L, Perri F, Cascella M, Sabbatino F, Capuozzo M, Granata V, Zappavigna S, Lombardi A, Scrima M, Petrillo N, Ianniello M, Casillo M, Gualillo O, Nasti G, Caraglia M, Savarese G. Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and p53 mutations negatively correlate with metastatic colorectal cancer patients' survival. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1091634. [PMID: 36756182 PMCID: PMC9899824 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We studied the predictive and prognostic influences of hypertension (HT), type 2 diabetes (T2D), weight, and p53 mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Patients and methods T2D was diagnosed according to the ADA criteria. HT was classified according to the ACC/AHA guidelines. BMI (body-mass index) was calculated and classified according to the WHO criteria. TruSigt™Oncology 500 kit was applied to construct the genomic libraries for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 technological platform and the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 bioinformatics pipeline were applied to analyze results. Overall survival (OS) was calculated through Kaplan-Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationships between clinical and/or molecular covariates. Associations between HT, T2D, BMI, p53, and clinical variables were evaluated by the χ2 test. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Two-hundred-forty-four patients were enrolled. One-hundred-twenty (49.2%), 110 (45.1%), and 50 (20.5%) patients were affected by overweight, HT, and T2D, respectively. DC (disease control) was achieved more frequently in patients without T2D (83.1%) compared to the diabetic ones (16.9%) (P = 0.0246). DC, KRAS mutational status, T2D, BMI, and concomitant presence of T2D, BMI, and HT associated with survival (P < 0.05). At multivariate analysis, age (≥65 vs. <65 years), response to first-line chemotherapy (DC vs. no DC), and concomitant presence of T2D, BMI, and HT (HR: 4.56; 95% CI: 2.40-8.67; P = 0.0217) emerged as independent prognostic variables. P53 was mutated in 31/53 analyzed cases (60.4%). The most frequent gene variants were p.Arg175His and p.Cys135Tyr. High BMI (>25 kg/m2) associated with occurrence of p53 mutations (P < 0.0001). P53 mutated patients presented a worse prognosis compared to the wild-type ones (HR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.43-7.23; P = 0.0047). Conclusion Diabetic, hypertensive and overweight metastatic CRC patients are a negative prognostic subgroup deserving specific therapeutic strategies. P53 mutations associate with prognosis and BMI unrevealing complex and unexplored connections between metabolism and cancer occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Alessandro Ottaiano,
| | | | - Luisa Circelli
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Scrima
- Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marika Casillo
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale srl, Naples, Italy
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Servizo Galego de Saude and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases, Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,IDIS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Grupo C027 NEIRID, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Krętowski AJ, Zbucka-Krętowska M, Adamska A. Metformin Intervention—A Panacea for Cancer Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051336. [PMID: 35267644 PMCID: PMC8909770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of action and the individual influence of various metabolic pathways related to metformin intervention are under current investigation. The available data suggest that metformin provides many advantages, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, otoprotective, radioprotective, and radio-sensitizing properties depending on cellular context. This literature review was undertaken to provide novel evidence concerning metformin intervention, with a particular emphasis on cancer treatment and prevention. Undoubtedly, the pleiotropic actions associated with metformin include inhibiting inflammatory processes, increasing antioxidant capacity, and improving glycemic and lipid metabolism. Consequently, these characteristics make metformin an attractive medicament to translate to human trials, the promising results of which were also summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +48-85-746-8513 (A.B.); +48-85-746-8660 (A.A.)
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +48-85-746-8513 (A.B.); +48-85-746-8660 (A.A.)
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Zhu B, Qu S. The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:800995. [PMID: 35222270 PMCID: PMC8873103 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.800995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest associations between diabetes mellitus and some cancers. The risk of a number of cancers appears to be increased in diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, some cancer and cancer therapies could lead to diabetes mellitus. Genetic factors, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, cancer therapies, insulin and some oral hypoglycemic drugs appear to play a role in the crosstalk between diabetes mellitus and cancers. This review summarized the associations between various types of diabetes and cancers and updated available evidence of underlying mechanisms between diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313068. [PMID: 34884872 PMCID: PMC8658259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.
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Zhang Z, Su T, Han Y, Yang Z, Wei J, Jin L, Fan H. A convergent synthetic platform for dual anticancer drugs functionalized by reduced graphene nanocomposite delivery for hepatocellular cancer. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1982-1994. [PMID: 34569406 PMCID: PMC8477966 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1974606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widespread cancer with a high degree of morbidity and mortality in individuals worldwide and a serious concern for its resistance to present chemotherapy drugs. In this investigation, the combination of cisplatin (CPT) and metformin (MET) to kill the HepG2 and caco-2 cells was developed into a new pH-responding magnetic nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide. Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylic (PHEA) was then linked employing grafting from approach to the reduced graphene oxide by ATRP polymerization (Fe3O4@rGO-G-PSEA). FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DLS, and TGA analyses evaluated physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite. In addition, the cellular uptake property of the nanocomposites was examined by the HepG2 cells. The outcomes of cell viability results indicate that the nanoparticles loaded with MET&CPT showed the lowest concentration rate of HepG2 and Caco-2 cells compared to the drug-loaded single nanocomposite groups and free drugs. The histological analysis has demonstrated relatively safe and does not produce different stress such as swelling and inflammation of the mice organs. Our results show the enhancement in cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Cocoa-2 cells by MET and CPT graphene oxide-based nanocomposite by promoting apoptotic response. Moreover, Fe3O4@rGO-G-PSEA showed potent in vivo antitumor efficacy but showed no adverse toxicity to normal tissues. Together, this study can provide insight into how surface embellishment may tune these nanocomposites' tumor specificity and provide the basis for developing anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Su
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjing Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Stott Bond NL, Dréau D, Marriott I, Bennett JM, Turner MJ, Arthur ST, Marino JS. Low-Dose Metformin as a Monotherapy Does Not Reduce Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Burden in Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111685. [PMID: 34829914 PMCID: PMC8615566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up 80-85% of lung cancer diagnoses. Lung cancer patients undergo surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Chemotherapy and radiation can induce deleterious systemic side effects, particularly within skeletal muscle. To determine whether metformin reduces NSCLC tumor burden while maintaining skeletal muscle health, C57BL/6J mice were injected with Lewis lung cancer (LL/2), containing a bioluminescent reporter for in vivo tracking, into the left lung. Control and metformin (250 mg/kg) groups received treatments twice weekly. Skeletal muscle was analyzed for changes in genes and proteins related to inflammation, muscle mass, and metabolism. The LL/2 model effectively mimics lung cancer growth and tumor burden. The in vivo data indicate that metformin as administered was not associated with significant improvement in tumor burden in this immunocompetent NSCLC model. Additionally, metformin was not associated with significant changes in key tumor cell division and inflammation markers, or improved skeletal muscle health. Metformin treatment, while exhibiting anti-neoplastic characteristics in many cancers, appears not to be an appropriate monotherapy for NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Future studies should pursue co-treatment modalities, with metformin as a potentially supportive drug rather than a monotherapy to mitigate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Stott Bond
- Distance Education, Technology and Integration, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597, USA;
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (D.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Jeanette M. Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Michael J. Turner
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology, Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.J.T.); (S.T.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Venkatachalapathy P, Padhilahouse S, Sellappan M, Subramanian T, Kurian SJ, Miraj SS, Rao M, Raut AA, Kanwar RK, Singh J, Khadanga S, Mondithoka S, Munisamy M. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Implications for Clinical Practice. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1441-1455. [PMID: 34803393 PMCID: PMC8598203 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s329787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes, and is rising in incidence with widespread prevalence. Multiple gene variants are associated with glucose homeostasis, complex T2DM pathogenesis, and its complications. Exploring more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with diabetes is crucial. Pharmacogenomics has made precision medicine possible by allowing for individualized drug therapy based on a patient's genetic and genomic information. T2DM is treated with various classes of oral hypoglycemic agents, such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and GLP1 analogues, which exhibit various pharmacogenetic variants. Although genomic interventions in monogenic diabetes have been implemented in clinical practice, they are still in the early stages for complex polygenic disorders, such as T2DM. Precision DM medicine has the potential to be effective in personalized therapy for those suffering from various forms of DM, such as T2DM. With recent developments in genetic techniques, the application of candidate-gene studies, large-scale genotyping investigations, genome-wide association studies, and "multiomics" studies has begun to produce results that may lead to changes in clinical practice. Enhanced knowledge of the genetic architecture of T2DM presents a bigger translational potential. This review summarizes the genetics and pathophysiology of T2DM, candidate-gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, personalized medicine, clinical relevance of pharmacogenetic variants associated with oral hypoglycemic agents, and paths toward personalized diabetology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sruthi Padhilahouse
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohan Sellappan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Shilia Jacob Kurian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sukumar Mondithoka
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Munisamy
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer: Epidemiology, Physiopathology and Prevention. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101429. [PMID: 34680546 PMCID: PMC8533606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing cancer and of dying from it. Both diseases are age-related, contributing to the impact of population aging on the long-term sustainability of health care systems in European Union countries. The purpose of this narrative review was to describe, from epidemiological, pathophysiological and preventive perspectives, the links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the most prevalent cancers in these patients. Multiple metabolic abnormalities that may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly obesity, could explain the increased cancer risk. In addition, the effectiveness of drugs commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (e.g., metformin and thiazolidinediones) has been broadly evaluated in cancer prevention. Thus, a better understanding of the links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer will help to identify the contributing factors and the pathophysiological pathways and to design personalized preventive strategies. The final goal is to facilitate healthy aging and the prevention of cancer and other diseases related with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are among the main sources of disability and death in the European Union and worldwide.
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14
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New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179453. [PMID: 34502359 PMCID: PMC8430477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Under metabolic stress conditions such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in the AMP:ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, resulting in the modulation of cellular metabolism. Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells. At the molecular level, the most well-known mechanism of metformin-mediated cytoprotection is AMPK pathway activation, which modulates metabolism and protects cells from degradation or pathogenic changes, such as those related to aging and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, it has been revealed that metformin acts via AMPK- and non-AMPK-mediated pathways to exert effects beyond those related to diabetes treatment that might prevent aging and ameliorate DR. This review focuses on new insights into the anticancer effects of metformin and its potential modulation of several novel types of nonapoptotic cell death, including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. In addition, the antimetastatic and immunosuppressive effects of metformin and its hypothesized mechanism are also discussed, highlighting promising cancer prevention strategies for the future.
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15
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Sasso FC, Pafundi PC, Caturano A, Galiero R, Vetrano E, Nevola R, Petta S, Fracanzani AL, Coppola C, Di Marco V, Solano A, Lombardi R, Giordano M, Craxi A, Perrella A, Sardu C, Marfella R, Salvatore T, Adinolfi LE, Rinaldi L. Impact of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) on cardiovascular events in HCV cohort with pre-diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2345-2353. [PMID: 34053830 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Beyond type 2 diabetes, even a condition of prediabetes is associated with an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, and HCV infection coexistence represents an exacerbating factor. CV prognosis improvement in prediabetes represents a challenge, due to the increasing prevalence of this metabolic condition worldwide. Hence, we aimed to prospectively assess how direct acting antivirals (DAAs) could affect major cardiovascular events (MACE) in a prediabetic HCV positive cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective multicenter study, we enrolled HCV patients with overt prediabetes. We compared a subgroup of patients treated with DAAs with untreated prediabetic controls. We recorded all CV events occurred during an overall median follow-up of 24 months (IQR 19-34). 770 HCV positive prediabetic patients were enrolled, 398 untreated controls and 372 DAAs treated patients. Overall, the CV events annual incidence was much higher among prediabetic treated patients (1.77 vs. 0.62, p < 0.001), and HCV clearance demonstrated to significantly reduce CV events (RR: 0.411, 95%CI 0.148-1.143; p < 0.001), with an estimated NNT for one additional patient to benefit of 52.1. Moreover, an independent association between a lower rate of CV events and HCV clearance after DAAs was observed (OR 4.67; 95%CI 0.44-53.95; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS HCV eradication by DAAs allows a significant reduction of MACEs in the prediabetic population, and therefore represents a primary objective, regardless of the severity of liver disease and CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Coppola
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatolology, Gragnano Hospital, ASL Napoli 3 Sud, Gragnano, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Solano
- Unit of Hepatology, Pellegrini Hospital, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Lee E, Kwon Y, Kim J, Park D, Lee Y. Antitumor Effect of Metformin in Combination with Binimetinib on Melanoma Cells. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:93-104. [PMID: 34386644 PMCID: PMC8328479 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a fatal disease for patients with distant metastasis. Metformin is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, and proved to suppress cell proliferation and metastasis in diverse cancers including melanoma. We previously reported that MEK inhibitor trametinib increases the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators and melanoma cell motility, which are suppressed by addition of metformin in A375 melanoma cells. To confirm our findings further, we first evaluated the effect of metformin in combination with another MEK inhibitor binimetinib on cell viability in G361 melanoma cells. We then investigated whether binimetinib affects the expression of EMT regulators and cell motility. We finally monitored the effect of metformin on binimetinib-induced cell migration. Cell viability assay showed that combination index (CI) value at ED50 is 0.80, suggesting synergy for the combination of metformin with binimetinib. Our results also revealed that binimetinib increased the expression of EMT regulators such as integrin αV, fibronectin and slug, which correlate well with the enhanced cell migration in wound healing assay. Metformin, on the contrary, suppressed the expression of sparc, integrin αV, fibronectin and N-cadherin with the reduced cell motility. The combination treatment showed that metformin counteracts the binimetinib-induced increase of cell motility. Overall, these results suggest that metformin with binimetinib might be useful as a potential therapeutic adjuvant against cell survival and metastatic activity in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yongjae Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Deokbae Park
- Department of Histology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Youngki Lee
- Department of Histology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:695792. [PMID: 34277669 PMCID: PMC8279779 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) disclose a higher incidence and a poorer prognosis of heart failure (HF) than non-diabetic people, even in the absence of other HF risk factors. The adverse impact of diabetes on HF likely reflects an underlying “diabetic cardiomyopathy” (DM–CMP), which may by exacerbated by left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease (CAD). The pathogenesis of DM-CMP has been a hot topic of research since its first description and is still under active investigation, as a complex interplay among multiple mechanisms may play a role at systemic, myocardial, and cellular/molecular levels. Among these, metabolic abnormalities such as lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium signaling, inflammation, epigenetic factors, and others. These disturbances predispose the diabetic heart to extracellular remodeling and hypertrophy, thus leading to left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction. This Review aims to outline the major pathophysiological changes and the underlying mechanisms leading to myocardial remodeling and cardiac functional derangement in DM-CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Metformin Actions on the Liver: Protection Mechanisms Emerging in Hepatocytes and Immune Cells against NASH-Related HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095016. [PMID: 34065108 PMCID: PMC8126028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked to the global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, NAFLD can progress from the mildest form of simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that increases the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis and rising incidence in the United States and other developed counties, possibly due to the epidemic of NAFLD. Metformin, the first-line drug for T2DM, has been suggested to reduce risks for several types of cancers including HCC and protect against NASH-related HCC, as revealed by epidemical studies on humans and preclinical studies on animal models. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of NASH-related HCC and the mechanisms by which metformin inhibits the initiation and progression of NASH-related HCC. Since the functional role of immune cells in liver homeostasis and pathogenesis is increasingly appreciated in developing anti-cancer therapies on liver malignancies, we discuss both the traditional targets of metformin in hepatocytes and the recently defined effects of metformin on immune cells.
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Ding Y, Zhang H, Li C, Zheng W, Wang M, Li Y, Sun H, Wu M. Safety and pharmacokinetic interaction between fotagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin in healthy subjects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:725-731. [PMID: 33899649 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1915283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have significant clinical efficacy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The combination of fotagliptin (FOT) with metformin (MET) is a promising therapeutic approach in MET-resistant patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between FOT and MET in healthy subjects after multiple-dose administration. METHODS Eighteen participants received a randomized open-label, three period treatment that included MET 1000 mg alone, co-administration of FOT 24 mg and MET, followed by FOT 24 mg alone. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis, which included geometric mean ratios (GMRs) with 90% confidence intervals (CIs), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). RESULTS Analysis results showed that for FOT alone or combination therapy, the 90% CIs of the GMR for AUC0-24,ss and Cmax,ss were 102.08% (98.9%, 105.36%) and 110.65% (102.19%, 119.82%), respectively. For MET, they were 113.41% (100.32%, 128.22%) and 97.11% (83.80%, 112.55%) for AUC0-12,ss and Cmax,ss, respectively. FOT or MET monotherapy and the combination therapy with both drugs were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS No PK drug-drug interactions were found in the combination therapy with FOT and MET. Therefore, FOT can be co-administered with MET without dose adjustment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/(Registration No. CTR20190221).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Ding
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - WenBo Zheng
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - HaiGang Sun
- Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Milenkovic T, Bozhinovska N, Macut D, Bjekic-Macut J, Rahelic D, Velija Asimi Z, Burekovic A. Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Perpetual Inspiration for the Scientific World. A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041307. [PMID: 33920947 PMCID: PMC8071242 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 80 years, the effect of the Mediterranean diet on overall health has been a constant topic of interest among medical and scientific researchers. Parallel with the persistent global rise of cases of type 2 diabetes, many studies conducted in the past 20 years have shown the benefits of the Mediterranean lifestyle for people with, or at risk of developing, type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, despite the large body of evidence, concerns exist amongst scientists regarding the reliability of the data related to this topic. This review offers a glimpse of the onset of the Mediterranean diet and follows its significant impact on the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. There is a constant rise in type 2 diabetes cases on the Balkan Peninsula and North Macedonia in particular. Having in mind that North Macedonia, as well as most of the countries on the Balkans have low to middle income, there is a need for a certain affordable dietary pattern to ameliorate the rise in diabetes incidence, as well as improve the glycemic control. We did a review based on the available literature regarding Mediterranean diet and people with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, its effects on glycemic control, lipid profile and metabolic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Milenkovic
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinic of Endocrinology, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Medical Faculty, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +389-70359073
| | - Nadica Bozhinovska
- Department of Endocrinology, Private Clinical Hospital “Acibadem Sistina”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelica Bjekic-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, CHC Bezanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dario Rahelic
- “Vuk Vrhovac” University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, “Merkur” Univeristy Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zelija Velija Asimi
- Sarajevo Medical School, SSST University, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Outpatient Clinic “Altamedica-Beta”, Zmaja od Bosne 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Azra Burekovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Sarajevo University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Clinical Center of Sarajevo University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Farkhondeh T, Amirabadizadeh A, Aramjoo H, Llorens S, Roshanravan B, Saeedi F, Talebi M, Shakibaei M, Samarghandian S. Impact of Metformin on Cancer Biomarkers in Non-Diabetic Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1412-1423. [PMID: 33917520 PMCID: PMC8167716 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to investigate and evaluate the influence of metformin on cancer-related biomarkers in clinical trials. METHODS This systematic study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Major databases, including Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and Cochrane, were systematically reviewed by February 2020. Clinical trials investigating metformin effects on the evaluation of homeostatic models of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Ki-67, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin were selected for further analysis. Quality assessment was performed with version 2 of the Cochrane tool for determining the bias risk for randomized trials (RoB 2). Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using the Chi-square test. After quality assessment, a random effects model was performed to summarize the data related to insulin, HOMA-IR, Ki-67, and a fixed-effect model for FBS and BMI in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine clinical trials with 716 patients with operable breast and endometrial cancer and 331 with primary breast cancer were involved in the current systematic and meta-analysis study. Systematic findings on the nine publications indicated metformin decreased insulin levels in four studies, FBS in one, BMI in two, Ki-67 in three studies, and HOMA-IR in two study. The pooled analysis indicated that metformin had no significant effect on the following values: insulin (standardized mean differences (SMD) = -0.87, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (-1.93, 0.19), p = 0.11), FBS (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI (-0.30, -0.05), p = 0.004), HOMA-IR (SMD = -0.17, 95% CI (-0.52, 0.19), p = 0.36), and BMI (SMD = -0.13, 95% CI (-0.28, 0.02), p = 0.09). Metformin could decrease Ki-67 in patients with operable endometrial cancer versus healthy subjects (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI (-1.82, 2.75), p = 30.1). According to Egger's test, no publication bias was observed for insulin, FBS, BMI, HOMA-IR, and Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS Patients with operable breast and endometrial cancer under metformin therapy showed no significant changes in the investigated metabolic biomarkers in the most of included study. It was also found that metformin could decrease Ki-67 in patients with operable endometrial cancer. In comparison to the results obtained of our meta-analysis, due to the high heterogeneity and bias of the included clinical trials, the present findings could not confirm or reject the efficacy of metformin for patients with breast cancer and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran; (T.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Alireza Amirabadizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 9717113163, Iran;
| | - Hamed Aramjoo
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran; (H.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Babak Roshanravan
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran; (H.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Farhad Saeedi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran; (T.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.S.)
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22
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Zemgulyte G, Tanaka S, Hide I, Sakai N, Pampuscenko K, Borutaite V, Rastenyte D. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Post-Stroke Metformin Treatment Using Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040312. [PMID: 33915857 PMCID: PMC8066143 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Treatment options for ischemic stroke are limited, and the development of new therapeutic agents or combined therapies is imperative. Growing evidence suggests that metformin treatment, due to its anti-inflammatory action, exerts a neuroprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain damage. Experimental assessment has typically been performed in models of cerebral transient ischemia followed by long-term reperfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of metformin treatment after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) without reperfusion in rats. Neurological deficits were assessed using the Longa scale, which offers a graded scale on body movement following pMCAO. Both infarct size and brain oedema area were measured by staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The number of neurons and total and activated microglia, as well as interleukin 10 (IL-10) production, in brain sections were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Our results show that metformin treatment improves the neurological state and reduces infarct size after 120 h of pMCAO. Metformin also prevents neuronal loss in the ischemic cortex but not in the striatum after 48 h of pMCAO. Moreover, post-stroke treatment with metformin significantly decreases the number of total and activated microglia at 48 h. The anti-inflammatory effect of metformin is associated with increased IL-10 production at 48 h after pMCAO. The results of the present study suggest that post-stroke treatment with metformin exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a pMCAO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Zemgulyte
- Medical Academy, Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, 1 Chrome-2-3 Kasumi, Minami Ward, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.T.); (I.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Izumi Hide
- Department Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, 1 Chrome-2-3 Kasumi, Minami Ward, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.T.); (I.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Hiroshima University, 1 Chrome-2-3 Kasumi, Minami Ward, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; (S.T.); (I.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Katryna Pampuscenko
- Medical Academy, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Medical Academy, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Daiva Rastenyte
- Medical Academy, Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Mechanisms of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Metabolic Syndrome. A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020270. [PMID: 33578702 PMCID: PMC7916383 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are two different entities sharing common clinical and physio-pathological features, with insulin resistance (IR) as the most relevant. Large evidence leads to consider it as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, regardless of age, sex, smoking habit, cholesterolemia, and other elements of MS. Therapeutic strategies remain still unclear, but lifestyle modifications (diet, physical exercise, and weight loss) determine an improvement in IR, MS, and both clinical and histologic liver picture. NAFLD and IR are bidirectionally correlated and, consequently, the development of pre-diabetes and diabetes is the most direct consequence at the extrahepatic level. In turn, type 2 diabetes is a well-known risk factor for multiorgan damage, including an involvement of cardiovascular system, kidney and peripheral nervous system. The increased MS incidence worldwide, above all due to changes in diet and lifestyle, is associated with an equally significant increase in NAFLD, with a subsequent rise in both morbidity and mortality due to both metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the slowdown in the increase of the "bad company" constituted by MS and NAFLD, with all the consequent direct and indirect costs, represents one of the main challenges for the National Health Systems.
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Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is caused by the accumulation of fat in over 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, an expert consensus suggested as more appropriate the term MAFLD (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease). Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the development of NAFLD, as it causes an increase in hepatic lipogenesis and an inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis. Beyond the imbalance of adipokine levels, the increase in the mass of visceral adipose tissue also determines an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) levels. In turn, an excess of FFA is able to determine IR through the inhibition of the post-receptor insulin signal. Adipocytes secrete chemokines, which are able to enroll macrophages inside the adipose tissue, responsible, in turn, for the increased levels of TNF-α. The latter, as well as resistin and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, enhances insulin resistance and correlates with endothelial dysfunction and an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. In this review, the role of diet, intestinal microbiota, genetic and epigenetic factors, low-degree chronic systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress on NAFLD have been addressed. Finally, the clinical impact of NAFLD on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and its direct link with type 2 diabetes have been discussed.
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Li M, Cui Z, Meng S, Li T, Kang T, Ye Q, Cao M, Bi Y, Meng H. Associations between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010116. [PMID: 33396964 PMCID: PMC7823666 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among Chinese populations are strikingly limited. To assess the associations between dietary GI and GL values and CMRF, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, we extracted data of 7886 apparently healthy adults from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary GI and GL values were calculated using data collected from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Fasting lipid, glucose, and uric acid concentrations were measured and CMRF were defined on the basis of established criteria. There were no significant associations between dietary GI values and CMRF, and analyzing the data by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and region did not alter these results. Dietary GL values were positively associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia in all participants (Q4 compared with Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87; p-trend = 0.0030) and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants ≥ 60 years old (Q5 compared with Q1: OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.68; p-trend < 0.0010). Higher dietary GL but not GI values were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia in apparently healthy Chinese adults and hypercholesterolemia in older Chinese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the public health implication of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhixin Cui
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Shuangli Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Tong Kang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Mengting Cao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yuxin Bi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518106, China; (M.L.); (Z.C.); (S.M.); (T.L.); (T.K.); (Q.Y.); (M.C.); (Y.B.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0)20-8322-6383
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Aprea C, Albanese G, Di Martino A, Ricozzi C, Imbriani S, Sasso FC. Can Metformin Exert as an Active Drug on Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Subjects? Biomedicines 2020; 9:biomedicines9010003. [PMID: 33375185 PMCID: PMC7822116 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of diabetes cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the prevention of diabetic macroangiopathies by preserving endothelial function represents a major therapeutic concern for all National Health Systems. Several complex mechanisms support ED in diabetic patients, frequently cross-talking each other: uncoupling of eNOS with impaired endothelium-dependent vascular response, increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of polyol pathway, generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), activation of protein kinase C (PKC), endothelial inflammation, endothelial apoptosis and senescence, and dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). Metformin is a milestone in T2DM treatment. To date, according to most recent EASD/ADA guidelines, it still represents the first-choice drug in these patients. Intriguingly, several extraglycemic effects of metformin have been recently observed, among which large preclinical and clinical evidence support metformin’s efficacy against ED in T2DM. Metformin seems effective thanks to its favorable action on all the aforementioned pathophysiological ED mechanisms. AMPK pharmacological activation plays a key role, with metformin inhibiting inflammation and improving ED. Therefore, aim of this review is to assess metformin’s beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction in T2DM, which could preempt development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via De Crecchio 7, I-80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Concetta Aprea
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Carmen Ricozzi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.P.); (R.G.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (E.V.); (C.A.); (G.A.); (A.D.M.); (C.R.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5010
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Xu H, Dun S, Gao Y, Ming J, Hui L, Qiu X. TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion of NSCLC through regulating the Hedgehog pathway. Thorac Cancer 2020; 12:79-89. [PMID: 33124203 PMCID: PMC7779196 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane protein 107 (TMEM107) is a key regulator of the cilium composition and Hedgehog signaling. Lower TMEM107 gene copies are correlated with poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, TMEM107 protein expression, localization, and function in NSCLC remain unclear. Methods We first evaluated TMEM107 expression in 12 newly diagnosed cases of NSCLC and paired adjacent healthy tissues by western blotting. We then used an immunohistochemical method to detect TMEM107 expression in 106 paraffin‐embedded NSCLC and corresponding normal samples and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Moreover, we determined the impact of TMEM107 upregulation and downregulation on invasion, EMT and Hedgehog pathway in NSCLC cells. Results Our results showed that TMEM107 is localized in the cytoplasm and that its expression was lower in NSCLC. TMEM107 expression was positively correlated with cell differentiation and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis. In A549 and HCC460 cells, downregulation of TMEM107 facilitated cell invasion and upregulated the expression of the Hedgehog pathway target protein Gli1, invasion‐associated proteins N‐cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibited the expression of E‐cadherin. Treatment with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61 attenuated TMEM107‐knockdown–induced EMT and invasiveness. Conclusions These results indicate that TMEM107 inhibits EMT and invasion by negatively regulating Hedgehog signaling and that it is downregulated in NSCLC. Key points TMEM107 expression is lower in NSCLC tissues and correlates with poor prognosis TMEM107 inhibits invasion of NSCLC cells TMEM107 inhibits EMT of NSCLC cells Downregulation of TMEM107 activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway Downregulation of TMEM107 promotes EMT and migration in NSCLC by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Dun
- Health Team of PLA 96853, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Ming
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Linping Hui
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Novel Sulfonamide-Based Analogs of Metformin Exert Promising Anti-Coagulant Effects without Compromising Glucose-Lowering Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100323. [PMID: 33096688 PMCID: PMC7589829 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, one of the most frequently prescribed oral anti-diabetic drugs, is characterized by multidirectional activity, including lipid lowering, cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory properties. This study presents synthesis and stability studies of 10 novel sulfonamide-based derivatives of metformin with alkyl substituents in the aromatic ring. The potential of the synthesized compounds as glucose-lowering agents and their effects on selected parameters of plasma and vascular hemostasis were examined. Compounds with two or three methyl groups in the aromatic ring (6, 7, 9, 10) significantly increased glucose uptake in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), e.g., 15.8 µmol/L for comp. 6 at 0.3 µmol/mL versus 11.4 ± 0.7 µmol/L for control. Basic coagulation studies showed that all examined compounds inhibit intrinsic coagulation pathway and the process of fibrin polymerization stronger than the parent drug, metformin, which give evidence of their greater anti-coagulant properties. Importantly, synthesized compounds decrease the activity of factor X, a first member of common coagulation pathway, while metformin does not affect coagulation factor X (FX) activity. A multiparametric clot formation and lysis test (CL-test) revealed that the examined compounds significantly prolong the onset of clot formation; however, they do not affect the overall potential of clot formation and fibrinolysis. Erythrotoxicity studies confirmed that none of the synthesized compounds exert an adverse effect on erythrocyte integrity, do not contribute to the massive hemolysis and do not interact strongly with the erythrocyte membrane. In summary, chemical modification of metformin scaffold into benzenesulfonamides containing alkyl substituents leads to the formation of potential dual-action agents with comparable glucose-lowering properties and stronger anti-coagulant activity than the parent drug, metformin.
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Fakhari S, Nouri A, Jamzad M, Arab‐Salmanabadi S, Falaki F. Investigation of inclusion complex of metformin into selective cyclic peptides as novel drug delivery system: Structure, electronic properties,
AIM,
and
NBO
study via
DFT. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Fakhari
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr‐e‐Qods Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Azita Nouri
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr‐e‐Qods Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mina Jamzad
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr‐e‐Qods Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Foujan Falaki
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr‐e‐Qods Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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Ding Y, Lv S, Li G, Cui J, Chen Y. Buformin suppresses osteosarcoma via targeting AMPK signaling pathway. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:409-417. [PMID: 33817229 PMCID: PMC7874575 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buformin has been reported to be a powerful anticancer drug by activating the AMPK signal. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of buformin on osteosarcoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cellular proliferative abilities were determined by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Cellular invasion was investigated using a transwell system. Cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to measure the expression of key proteins. Synergistic effects of buformin and cisplatin were validated in seven fresh osteosarcoma tissues. RESULTS Buformin suppressed the growth of U-2 OS cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 69.1 µM). Moreover, buformin induced cell cycle arrest (P < 0.001) and impaired cellular invasion (P = 0.038). Phosphorylation of AMPK was upregulated by buformin, while phosphorylation of S6, cyclin D1, and MMP9 were significantly downregulated. In addition, buformin notably induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lactate and eventually decreased ATP production. In both U-2 OS cells and the primary cultured osteosarcoma tissues, buformin increased tumor sensitivity to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Buformin could suppress tumor growth and invasion of osteosarcoma through directly targeting the AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, buformin inhibited the abnormal metabolism and notably increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, and therefore represents a new potential treatment option for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Spine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Shiqiao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Guangrun Li
- Department of Spine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jinpeng Cui
- Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Spine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Ko E, Baek S, Kim J, Park D, Lee Y. Antitumor Activity of Combination Therapy with Metformin and Trametinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:113-123. [PMID: 32734128 PMCID: PMC7375979 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been widely used as an antidiabetic drug, and reported to inhibit cell proliferation in many cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC cells, metformin suppresses PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but effect of metformin on RAS/ RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is controversial; several studies showed the inhibition of ERK activity, while others demonstrated the activation of ERK in response to metformin exposure. Metformin-induced activation of ERK is therapeutically important, since metformin could enhance cell proliferation through RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and lead to impairment of its anticancer activity suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, requiring blockade of both signaling pathways for more efficient antitumor effect. The present study tested the combination therapy of metformin and trametinib by monitoring the alterations of regulatory effector proteins of cell signaling pathways and the effect of the combination on cell viability in NCI-H2087 NSCLC cells with NRAS and BRAF mutations. We show that metformin alone blocks PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway but induces the activation and phosphorylation of ERK. The combination therapy synergistically decreased cell viability in treatment with low doses of two drugs, while it gave antagonistic effect with high doses. These findings suggest that the efficacy of metformin and trametinib combination therapy may depend on the alteration of ERK activity induced by metformin and specific cellular context of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Ko
- Dept. of Medicine, Jeju National
University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Seungjae Baek
- Dept. of Medicine, Jeju National
University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Histology, Jeju National University
School of Medicine, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Deokbae Park
- Histology, Jeju National University
School of Medicine, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Youngki Lee
- Histology, Jeju National University
School of Medicine, Jeju 63243,
Korea
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Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Morgillo F, Di Liello R, Galiero R, Nevola R, Marfella R, Monaco L, Rinaldi L, Adinolfi LE, Sasso FC. Metformin: An old drug against old age and associated morbidities. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 160:108025. [PMID: 31954752 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin represents a striking example of a "historical nemesis" of a drug. About 40 years after its marketing in Europe, once demonstrated its efficacy and safety, metformin was registered also in the U.S. A few years later, it has become a mainstay in T2DM treatment, according to all international Scientific Societies guidelines. Today, despite the advent of new innovative drugs, metformin still persists as a first-choice drug in T2DM. This success is largely justified. In fact, over the years, also positive effects on health increased. In particular, evidence has been accumulated on a beneficial impact against many other aging-related morbidities (obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive decline and mortality). This literature review describes preclinical and clinical evidence favoring the "anti-aging" therapeutic potential of metformin outside of T2DM. The rationale to the use of metformin as part of a combined therapy in a variety of clinical settings, allowing for a reduction of the chemotherapy dose in cancer patients, has also been discussed. In particular, the focus was on metformin action on RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. In the end, the real challenge for metformin could be to fully demonstrate beneficial effects on health even in non-diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raimondo Di Liello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Nevola
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucio Monaco
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Zeng S, Gan HX, Xu JX, Liu JY. Metformin improves survival in lung cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 152:291-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen L, Zhang T, Liu Q, Tang M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Qiu H, Yu J. Buformin increases radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells via cell-cycle arrest and delayed DNA-damage repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:1133-1140. [PMID: 32459508 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218813320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Our idea originated in the thought of discovering new effects of old drugs. Although this study is a basic research, it is very close to clinical treatment. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to verify that buformin increases radiosensitivity. We aimed to address one of the thorniest problems in treatment process. Based on discovering new effects of old drugs, it is feasible to use buformin as an anticancer drug in clinical application. This will provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yu'e Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.,Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
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Ryabaya O, Prokofieva A, Akasov R, Khochenkov D, Emelyanova M, Burov S, Markvicheva E, Inshakov A, Stepanova E. Metformin increases antitumor activity of MEK inhibitor binimetinib in 2D and 3D models of human metastatic melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2548-2560. [PMID: 30551515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant tumors that responsible for majority of skin-cancer related deaths. Here we propose a combination of MEK inhibitor binimetinib with metformin as a promising therapy against human melanoma cells in vitro, including BRAF -mutated A375, Mel Z, and Mel IL cells, and NRAS-mutated Mel MTP and Mel Me cells. Additionally, we obtained two close to clinical practice models of melanoma progression. The first one was vemurafenib-resistant Mel IL/R melanoma cells with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition-targeted therapy, and the second one was tumor spheroids, which are 3D in vitro model of small-size solid tumors in vivo. The cytotoxicity of binimetinib and metformin was synergistic in both 2D and 3D melanoma culture and mediated through apoptotic pathway. The combination reduced the number of melanoma-formed colonies, inhibited cell invasion and migration, and led to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through cyclin D/CDK4/CDK6 pathway. The mechanism of metformin and binimetinib synergy in melanoma cells was associated with increased activation of p-AMPKα and decreased p-ERK, but not with alterations in p-mTOR. In summary, the combination of metformin and binimetinib resulted in stronger anti-proliferative effects on melanoma cells compared to binimetinib alone, and therefore could be promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Ryabaya
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Prokofieva
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman Akasov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8-2 Trubetskaya street, Moscow, Russia; Cytomed J.S.Co, Russia; Federal Scientific Research Center «Crystallography and Photonics» Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, 17a Butlerova st, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Khochenkov
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina Emelyanova
- Department of Biological Microchips Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991, 32 Vavilova street, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Elena Markvicheva
- Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Andrey Inshakov
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgenia Stepanova
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, Russia.
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Shirooie S, Sahebgharani M, Esmaeili J, Dehpour AR. In vitro evaluation of effects of metformin on morphine and methadone tolerance through mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3058-3066. [PMID: 30146703 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chronic use of opioids leads to tolerance, psychological, and physical dependence that limits their use as an effective long-term pain control. Several studies have shown that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a crucial role in the development of opioid tolerance. Metformin activates 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which directly suppresses the mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. On the other hand, metformin can also inhibit mTOR directly and in an AMPK-independent manner. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on the development of morphine and/or methadone-induced tolerance in human glioblastoma (T98G) cell line. We examined the effects of chronic treatment of morphine and/or methadone in the presence or absence of metformin with or without AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin hydrochloride) on levels of nitric oxide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), phosphorylated and dephosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in T98G cells. Pretreatment of cells with metformin (40 µM) with or without AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin hydrochloride; 1 µM) before adding of morphine (2.5 µM) or methadone (1 µM) revealed a protective effects on the development of opioid tolerance. Prior administration of metformin reversed the elevation of nitric oxide levels induced by morphine (p < 0.001) and methadone (p < 0.001) and also prevented the raise of cAMP levels induced by morphine in T98G cells (p < 0.05). Contribution of mTOR signaling pathway in metformin-induced effect was shown by the inhibition of phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1, the downstream targets of mTOR. mTOR activation suppresses opioid-induced antinociception, and its activity has also been increased during opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Esmaeili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang T, Xu J, Deng S, Zhou F, Li J, Zhang L, Li L, Wang QE, Li F. Core signaling pathways in ovarian cancer stem cell revealed by integrative analysis of multi-marker genomics data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196351. [PMID: 29723215 PMCID: PMC5933740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence occurs in more than 70% of ovarian cancer patients, and the majority eventually becomes refractory to treatments. Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells (OCSCs) are believed to be responsible for the tumor relapse and drug resistance. Therefore, eliminating ovarian CSCs is important to improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. However, there is a lack of effective drugs to eliminate OCSCs because the core signaling pathways regulating OCSCs remain unclear. Also it is often hard for biologists to identify a few testable targets and infer driver signaling pathways regulating CSCs from a large number of differentially expression genes in an unbiased manner. In this study, we propose a straightforward and integrative analysis to identify potential core signaling pathways of OCSCs by integrating transcriptome data of OCSCs isolated based on two distinctive markers, ALDH and side population, with regulatory network (Transcription Factor (TF) and Target Interactome) and signaling pathways. We first identify the common activated TFs in two OCSC populations integrating the gene expression and TF-target Interactome; and then uncover up-stream signaling cascades regulating the activated TFs. In specific, 22 activated TFs are identified. Through literature search validation, 15 of them have been reported in association with cancer stem cells. Additionally, 10 TFs are found in the KEGG signaling pathways, and their up-stream signaling cascades are extracted, which also provide potential treatment targets. Moreover, 40 FDA approved drugs are identified to target on the up-stream signaling cascades, and 15 of them have been reported in literatures in cancer stem cell treatment. In conclusion, the proposed approach can uncover the activated up-stream signaling, activated TFs and up-regulated target genes that constitute the potential core signaling pathways of ovarian CSC. Also drugs and drug combinations targeting on the core signaling pathways might be able to eliminate OCSCs. The proposed approach can also be applied for identifying potential activated signaling pathways of other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jielin Xu
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Siyuan Deng
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fengqi Zhou
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jin Li
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of BioMedical Informatics (BMI), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Levy A, Doyen J. Metformin for non-small cell lung cancer patients: Opportunities and pitfalls. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 125:41-47. [PMID: 29650275 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite exciting advances of the anticancer armamentarium in the recent years, mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains high and novel treatments are requisite. Therapy intensification is explored with promising, but expensive and potentially toxic new compounds. Repositioning already existing drugs for cancer treatment could save money and improve patient outcomes in specific contexts. Observational data suggest that use of the standard antidiabetic agent metformin decreases lung cancer incidence and mortality. Several basic researches have shown various anticancer effects of metformin, acting both on the glycolytic metabolism and on the tumoral immune microenvironment. Synergistic actions of metformin with antitumoral agents in preclinical NSCLC models have then been highlighted. Recent retrospective studies advocated improved outcomes in NSCLC diabetic patients receiving metformin with chemoradiotherapy or systemic compounds (including conventional platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Several prospective randomized trials are therefore currently assessing the addition of metformin to standard therapy in non-diabetic lung cancer patients. This article reviews promises and possible limitations of concurrent metformin used as an anticancer agent in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jérôme Doyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice Cedex 2, France; University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS 7284 "Normal and Pathological Angiogenesis", Nice, France
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Srinivas NR. Pharmacology of Pimasertib, A Selective MEK1/2 Inhibitor. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:373-382. [PMID: 29488172 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pimasertib belongs to the growing family of mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK1/2) inhibitors undergoing clinical development for various cancer indications. Since the MEK inhibition in several cell signalling transduction cascades within tumours was considered therapeutically beneficial, number of clinical investigations of pimasertib have been reported. Despite being orally bioavailable in cancer patients, pimasertib undergoes faster clearance with a short elimination half-life. In addition, due to occurrence of toxicity, the development of pimasertib appears to be stalled. Case studies are provided on the possible utilization of pimasertib in combination therapies with other approved drugs. Based on the review, it appeared that there was the need to identify the optimal dose and the dosing regimen of pimasertib to provide a balance between safety and efficacy when combined with approved therapies.
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Li J, Chen L, Liu Q, Tang M, Wang Y, Yu J. Buformin suppresses proliferation and invasion via AMPK/S6 pathway in cervical cancer and synergizes with paclitaxel. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:507-517. [PMID: 29400636 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1433504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Buformin is an old anti-diabetic agent and manifests potent anti-tumor activities in several malignancies. In the present study, we aimed to explore the functions of buformin in human cervical cancer. As our data shown, buformin exhibited significant anti-proliferative effects in a dose-dependent manner in 4 cervical cancer cell lines. Compared to the control, buformin notably suppressed colony formation and increased ROS production in C33A, Hcc94 and SiHa cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that buformin induced marked cell cycle arrest but only resulted in mild apoptosis. The invasion of C33A and SiHa cells sharply declined with buformin treatment. Consistently, western blotting showed that buformin activated AMPK and suppressed S6, cyclin D1, CDK4, and MMP9. Moreover, we found that buformin enhanced glucose uptake and LDH activity, increased lactate level, while decreased ATP production in cervical cancer cells. In addition, low doses of buformin synergized with routine chemotherapeutic drugs (such as paclitaxel, cisplatin, and 5-FU) to achieve more significant anti-tumor effects. In vivo, a single use of buformin exerted moderate anti-tumor effects, and the combination with buformin and paclitaxel exhibited even greater suppressive effects. Buformin also consistently showed synergistic effects with paclitaxel in treating primary cultures of cervical cancer cells. Take together, we are the first to demonstrate that buformin suppresses cellular proliferation and invasion through the AMPK/S6 signaling pathway, which arrests cell cycle and inhibits cellular invasion. Buformin also could synergize with routine chemotherapies, producing much more powerful anti-tumor effects. With these findings, we strongly support buformin as a potent choice for treating cervical cancer, especially in combination with routine chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- a Department of Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ling Chen
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Mei Tang
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Yuan Wang
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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41
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Tseng CH. Metformin use and cervical cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59548-59555. [PMID: 27486978 PMCID: PMC5312330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated whether metformin may affect the risk of cervical cancer. The reimbursement databases of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance were used. Female patients with type 2 diabetes at an onset age of 25-74 years during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=132971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=6940, "never users of metformin") were followed for at least 6 months until December 31, 2011. The treatment effect of metformin (for ever versus never users, and for tertiles of cumulative duration of therapy) was estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity score. Analyses were also conducted in a 1:1 matched pair cohort based on 8 digits of propensity score. Results showed that the respective numbers of incident cervical cancer in ever users and never users were 438 (0.33%) and 38 (0.55%), with respective incidences of 68.29 and 121.38 per 100,000 person-years. The overall hazard ratio suggested a significantly lower risk in metformin users (0.558, 95% confidence intervals: 0.401-0.778). In tertile analyses, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the first (<23.0 months), second (23.0-47.9 months) and third (>47.9 months) tertile of cumulative duration were 1.272 (0.904-1.790), 0.523 (0.366-0.747) and 0.109 (0.070-0.172), respectively. Findings were supported by the analyses in the matched cohort. In conclusion, metformin may significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer, especially when the cumulative duration is more than 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Khajuria DK, Patil ON, Karasik D, Razdan R. Development and evaluation of novel biodegradable chitosan based metformin intrapocket dental film for the management of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in a rat model. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:120-129. [PMID: 29055230 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-metformin based intrapocket dental film (CMIDF) for applications in the treatment of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in an rat model of periodontitis. DESIGN CMIDF inserts were fabricated by the solvent casting technique. The fabricated inserts were evaluated for physical characteristics such as folding endurance, surface pH, mucoadhesive strength, metformin content uniformity, and release. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates no crystallinity of metformin in presence of chitosan which confirmed successful entrapment of metformin into the CMIDF. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed stability of CMIDF and compatibility between metformin and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by a combination of Porphyromonas gingivalis- lipopolysaccharide injections in combinations with ligatures around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (8 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CMIDF-A (1.99±0.09mg metformin; total mass-4.01±0.05mg), periodontitis plus CMIDF-B (2.07±0.06mg metformin; total mass-7.56±0.09mg), and periodontitis plus chitosan film (7.61±0.08mg). After four weeks, mandibles were extracted to evaluate alveolar bone loss by micro-computerized tomography and histological techniques. RESULTS Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CMIDF resulted in significant improvements in the alveolar bone properties when compared to the untreated periodontitis group. The study reported here demonstrates that novel CMIDF showed good antibacterial activity and effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Novel CMIDF showed good antibacterial activity and improved alveolar bone properties in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - David Karasik
- The Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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Chang TM, Shan YS, Chu PY, Jiang SS, Hung WC, Chen YL, Tu HC, Lin HY, Tsai HJ, Chen LT. The regulatory role of aberrant Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue and Liver Kinase B1 on AKT/mTOR/c-Myc axis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98068-98083. [PMID: 29228674 PMCID: PMC5716714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) is an uncommon type of pancreatic neoplasm. Low Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue (PTEN) expression and activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway have been noted in pNETs, and the former is associated with poor survival in pNET patients. Based on the results of the RADIANT-3 study, everolimus, an oral mTOR inhibitor, has been approved to treat advanced pNETs. However, the exact regulatory mechanism for the mTOR pathway in pNETs remains largely unknown. PTEN and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) are well-known for their regulatory role in the mTOR pathway. We evaluated the expression of PTEN and LKB1 in 21 pNET patients, and low PTEN and LKB1 expression levels were noted in 48% and 24% of the patients, respectively. Loss of PTEN and LKB1 synergistically promoted cell proliferation of pNET, attenuated the sensitivity of cells to mTOR inhibitors and enhanced c-Myc expression, which back-regulated PTEN, AKT, mTOR and its downstream effectors. For pNET cells with low expression levels of PTEN and LKB1, silencing the expression of c-Myc by shRNA reduced their proliferative rate, while adding either c-Myc inhibitor or AMP-activated protein kinase activator reversed their resistance to mTOR inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, high c-Myc expression was subsequently identified in 81% of pNETs, suggesting that up-regulation of c-Myc expression in pNETs may occur through PTEN/LKB1-dependent and PTEN/LKB1-independent regulation. The results delineated the regulation of PTEN and LKB1 on the AKT/mTOR/c-Myc axis and suggested that both c-Myc and mTOR are potential therapeutic targets for pNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Tu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-You Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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44
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Structure Identification and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Lathyrol-3-phenylacetate-5,15-diacetate. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091412. [PMID: 28841191 PMCID: PMC6151716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from the genus Euphorbia show attention-attracting activities, such as anticancer activity. In this article, classical isolation and structure identification were used in a study on Caper Euphorbia Seed. Subsequently, MTT and wound healing assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy examination were applied to investigate the anticancer activity of the obtained compounds. In a result, lathyrol-3-phenyl- acetate-5,15-diacetate (deoxy Euphorbia factor L1, DEFL1) was isolated from Caper Euphorbia Seed. Moreover, the NMR signals were totally assigned. DEFL1 showed potent inhibition against lung cancer A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 17.51 ± 0.85 μM. Furthermore, DEFL1 suppressed wound healing of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanically, DEFL1 induced apoptosis, with involvement of an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, activity raise of caspase-9 and 3. Characteristic features of apoptosis were observed by fluorescence microscopy. In summary, DEFL1 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells via a mitochondrial pathway.
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Zhang J, Nannapaneni S, Wang D, Liu F, Wang X, Jin R, Liu X, Rahman MA, Peng X, Qian G, Chen ZG, Wong KK, Khuri FR, Zhou W, Shin DM. Phenformin enhances the therapeutic effect of selumetinib in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer irrespective of LKB1 status. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59008-59022. [PMID: 28938614 PMCID: PMC5601710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MEK inhibition is potentially valuable in targeting KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we analyzed whether concomitant LKB1 mutation alters sensitivity to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib, and whether the metabolism drug phenformin can enhance the therapeutic effect of selumetinib in isogenic cell lines with different LKB1 status. Isogenic pairs of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines A549, H460 and H157, each with wild-type and null LKB1, as well as genetically engineered mouse-derived cell lines 634 (krasG12D/wt/p53-/-/lkb1wt/wt) and t2 (krasG12D/wt/p53-/-/lkb1-/-) were used in vitro to analyze the activities of selumetinib, phenformin and their combination. Synergy was measured and potential mechanisms investigated. The in vitro findings were then confirmed in vivo using xenograft models. The re-expression of wild type LKB1 increased phospho-ERK level, suggesting that restored dependency on MEK->ERK->MAPK signaling might have contributed to the enhanced sensitivity to selumetinib. In contrast, the loss of LKB1 sensitized cells to phenformin. At certain combination ratios, phenformin and selumetinib showed synergistic activity regardless of LKB1 status. Their combination reduced phospho-ERK and S6 levels and induced potent apoptosis, but was likely through different mechanisms in cells with different LKB1 status. Finally, in xenograft models bearing isogenic A549 cells, we confirmed that loss of LKB1 confers resistance to selumetinib, and phenformin significantly enhances the therapeutic effect of selumetinib. Irrespective of LKB1 status, phenformin may enhance the anti-tumor effect of selumetinib in KRAS-mutant NSCLC. The dual targeting of MEK and cancer metabolism may provide a useful strategy to treat this subset of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fakeng Liu
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rui Jin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Xianghong Peng
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Dana Building 810B, HIM243, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Zhang D, Tang Q, Zheng G, Wang C, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Xuan J, Tian N, Wang X, Wu Y, Xu H, Zhang X. Metformin ameliorates BSCB disruption by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and MMP-9 expression but not direct TJ proteins expression regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3322-3336. [PMID: 28699677 PMCID: PMC5706495 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a major process for the secondary injury of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is considered to be a therapeutic target for SCI. Previously, we demonstrated that metformin could improve functional recovery after SCI; however, the effect of metformin on BSCB is still unknown. In this study, we found that metformin could prevent the loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins at day 3 after SCI in vivo, but in vitro there was no significant difference of these proteins between control and metformin treatment in endothelial cells. This indicated that metformin-induced BSCB protection might not be mediated by up-regulating TJ proteins directly, but by inhibiting TJ proteins degradation. Thus, we investigated the role of metformin on MMP-9 and neutrophils infiltration. Neutrophils infiltration is the major source of the enhanced MMP-9 in SCI. Our results showed that metformin decreased MMP-9 production and blocked neutrophils infiltration at day 1 after injury, which might be related to ICAM-1 down-regulation. Also, our in vitro study showed that metformin inhibited TNF-α-induced MMP-9 up-regulation in neutrophils, which might be mediated via an AMPK-dependent pathway. Together, it illustrated that metformin prevented the breakdown of BSCB by inhibiting neutrophils infiltration and MMP-9 production, but not by up-regulating TJ proteins expression. Our study may help to better understand the working mechanism of metformin on SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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47
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Yousef M, Tsiani E. Metformin in Lung Cancer: Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Animal Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050045. [PMID: 28481268 PMCID: PMC5447955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display enhanced growth rates and a resistance to apoptosis. The ability of cancer cells to evade homeostasis and proliferate uncontrollably while avoiding programmed cell death/apoptosis is acquired through mutations to key signaling molecules, which regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival and these mutations allow them to develop resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents, highlighting the need for development of new potent anti-cancer agents. Metformin has long been used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and has recently attracted attention as a potential agent to be used in the treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies focusing on the anti-lung cancer effects of metformin and its effects on key proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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48
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Song Z, Wei B, Lu C, Huang X, Li P, Chen L. Metformin suppresses the expression of Sonic hedgehog in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1909-1915. [PMID: 28260041 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional anti-diabetic drug, metformin, has been found to have anticancer effects. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is involved in the on cogenesis of gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether metformin has an effect on the Shh signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. HGC‑27 and MKN‑45 human gastric cancer cells were treated with metformin at different concentrations and for different durations. Subsequently the mRNA and protein levels of Shh, Smoothened (SMO), and Glioma‑associated oncogene (Gli)‑1, Gli‑2 and Gli‑3 were examined using western blot and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. RNA interference was used to detect whether the effects of metformin treatment on the Shh signaling pathway were dependent on AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). The results revealed that the protein and mRNA levels of Shh and Gli‑1 were decreased by metformin treatment in the two cell lines in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Metformin also significantly inhibited the gene and protein expression levels of SMO, Gli‑2 and Gli‑3. The small interfering RNA‑induced depletion of AMPK reversed the suppressive effect of metformin on recombinant human Shh‑induced expression of Gli‑1 in HGC‑27 gastric cancer cells. Therefore, metformin inhibited the Shh signaling pathway in the gastric cancer cell lines and the inhibitory effect of metformin on the Shh pathway was AMPK-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Song
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Canrong Lu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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49
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Mansour HH, El kiki SM, Galal SM. Metformin and low dose radiation modulates cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in rat via PPAR-γ and MAPK pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 616:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Kaufman JM, Yamada T, Park K, Timmers CD, Amann JM, Carbone DP. A Transcriptional Signature Identifies LKB1 Functional Status as a Novel Determinant of MEK Sensitivity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:153-163. [PMID: 27821489 PMCID: PMC7027166 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
LKB1 is a commonly mutated tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer that exerts complex effects on signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. To better understand the downstream impact of loss of functional LKB1, we developed a transcriptional fingerprint assay representing this phenotype. This assay was predictive of LKB1 functional loss in cell lines and clinical specimens, even those without detected sequence alterations in the gene. In silico screening of drug sensitivity data identified putative LKB1-selective drug candidates, revealing novel associations not apparent from analysis of LKB1 mutations alone. Among the candidates, MEK inhibitors showed robust association with signature expression in both training and testing datasets independent of RAS/RAF mutations. This susceptibility phenotype is directly altered by RNA interference-mediated LKB1 knockdown or by LKB1 re-expression into mutant cell lines and is readily observed in vivo using a xenograft model. MEK sensitivity is dependent on LKB1-induced changes in AKT and FOXO3 activation, consistent with genomic and proteomic analyses of LKB1-deficient lung adenocarcinomas. Our findings implicate the MEK pathway as a potential therapeutic target for LKB1-deficient cancers and define a practical NanoString biomarker to identify functional LKB1 loss. Cancer Res; 77(1); 153-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cynthia D Timmers
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph M Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Thoracic Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Thoracic Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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