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Hou G, Alissa M, Alsuwat MA, Ali Alarjany HM, Alzahrani KJ, Althobaiti FM, Mujalli HM, Alotaiby MM, Al-Doaiss AA, Anthony S. The art of healing hearts: Mastering advanced RNA therapeutic techniques to shape the evolution of cardiovascular medicine in biomedical science. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102627. [PMID: 38723793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and are associated with increasing financial health burden that requires research into novel therapeutic approaches. Since the early 2000s, the availability of next-generation sequencing techniques such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs have been proven as potential therapeutic targets for treating various CVDs. Therapeutics based on RNAs have become a viable option for addressing the intricate molecular pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of CVDs. We provide an in-depth analysis of the state of RNA therapies in the context of CVDs, emphasizing various approaches that target the various stages of the basic dogma of molecular biology to effect temporary or long-term changes. In this review, we summarize recent methodologies used to screen for novel coding and non-coding RNA candidates with diagnostic and treatment possibilities in cardiovascular diseases. These methods include single-cell sequencing techniques, functional RNA screening, and next-generation sequencing.Lastly, we highlighted the potential of using oligonucleotide-based chemical products such as modified RNA and RNA mimics/inhibitors for the treatment of CVDs. Moreover, there will be an increasing number of potential RNA diagnostic and therapeutic for CVDs that will progress to expand for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong 277599, China
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Althobaiti
- Department of Nursing Leadership and Education, Nursing College, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Monearah M Alotaiby
- Department of Laboratory, King Faisal Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif 26514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin A Al-Doaiss
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University Liaoning Provence China, China.
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Kamihara T, Kawano R, Kinoshita T, Omura T, Kaneko S, Hirashiki A, Kokubo M, Shimizu A. Differences in Iron Kinetics during Cardiac Load between Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Those with Sinus Rhythm. Cardiology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38952114 DOI: 10.1159/000540095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. Although most AF cases are caused by irregular electrical impulses near the pulmonary vein, not all elderly individuals develop AF. Moreover, risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes do not always lead to AF, even in severe conditions such as pneumonia. We aimed to examine iron kinetics, including ferritin, in patients with AF and individuals in normal sinus rhythm (NSR) using peripheral blood samples. METHODS This case-control study included 178 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of a cardiovascular and arrhythmia specialist at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology between August and October 2023. Patients with missing iron-related blood tests and those with pacemaker implantation were excluded. Iron parameters (ferritin, free iron, transferrin saturation) were compared between AF (n = 53) and NSR (n = 125) groups. RESULTS The AF group had higher log brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, indicating increased cardiac load (AF 2.18 vs. NSR 1.53). However, there were no significant differences in iron parameters between the AF and NSR groups. After matching for age, sex, and coronary artery disease, the AF group showed an increasing trend in ferritin and a decreasing trend in free iron with BNP elevation, suggesting chronic inflammation. In contrast, the NSR group showed no significant changes in iron parameters with BNP elevation. CONCLUSION Patients with AF are more likely to have elevated ferritin levels and decreased free iron levels during cardiac overload. Thus, they are more likely to present with chronic inflammation associated with cardiac overload in AF. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its implications for AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Reo Kawano
- Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kinoshita
- Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takuya Omura
- Department of Metabolic Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Shinji Kaneko
- Department of Cardiology, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirashiki
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Manabu Kokubo
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Atsuya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Pan-Lizcano R, Núñez L, Piñón P, Aldama G, Flores X, Calviño-Santos R, Vázquez-Rodríguez JM, Hermida-Prieto M. lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is downregulated in patients with ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304041. [PMID: 38771854 PMCID: PMC11108170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of deaths occurring in the acute phase of an ischemic event. Although it is known that genetics may play an important role in this pathology, the possible role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) has never been studied. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the expression of 10 lncRNAs in patients with and without VF in AMI. For this purpose, the expression of CDKN2B-AS1, KCNQ1OT1, LIPCAR, MALAT1, MIAT, NEAT1, SLC16A1-AS1, lnc-TK2-4:2, TNFRSF14-AS1, and UCA1 were analyzed. After the analysis and Bonferroni correction, the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS showed a statistical significance lower expression (P values of 2.514 x 10-5). In silico analysis revealed that six proteins could be related to the possible effect of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1: AGO3, PLD4, POU4F1, ZNF26, ZNF326 and ZNF431. These in silico proteins predicted to have a low cardiac expression, although there is no literature indicating a potential relationship with VF in AMI. Thus, the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 shows a significant lower expression in patients with VF in AMI vs patients without VF in AMI. Literature data suggest that the role of CDKN2B1-AS is related to the miR-181a/SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pan-Lizcano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, GRINCAR Research Group, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pablo Piñón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Guillermo Aldama
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Xacobe Flores
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Calviño-Santos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hermida-Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Kamihara T, Kinoshita T, Kawano R, Tanaka S, Toda A, Ohara F, Hirashiki A, Kokubo M, Shimizu A. Upregulated Genes in Atrial Fibrillation Blood and the Left Atrium. Cardiology 2024; 149:357-368. [PMID: 38452746 DOI: 10.1159/000537923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with aging. Many known risk factors are associated with AF, but many senior individuals do not develop AF despite having multiple risk factors. This finding suggests that other factors may be involved in AF onset. This study aimed to identify upregulated genes in the peripheral blood and left atrium of patients with AF. These genes may serve as potential biomarkers to predict AF onset risk and its complications. METHODS Gene expression data were analyzed from blood (n = 3) and left atrial samples (n = 15) of patients with AF and sinus rhythm. We evaluated the significant genes identified using p value analysis of weighted average difference to confirm their rankings. We created figures for the genes using GeneMANIA and performed a functional analysis using Cytoscape3.10.1. Hub and bottleneck genes were identified based on degree and betweenness centrality. We used reference expression (RefEx) to confirm the organs in which the extracted genes were expressed. Heatmaps and Gene ontology term evaluation were performed to further elucidate the biological functions of the genes. RESULTS We identified 12 upregulated genes (CAST, ASAH1, MAFB, VCAN, DDIT4, FTL, HEXB, PROS1, BNIP3L, PABPC1, YBX3, and S100A6) in both the blood and left atrium of patients with AF. We analyzed the gene functions using GeneMANIA and Cytoscape. The identified genes were involved in a variety of pathways, including lysosomal function and lipid and sphingolipid catabolism. Next, we investigated whether the 12 identified genes identified were systemically expressed or had high organ specificity. Finally, RefEx was used to analyze the gene expression levels in various tissues. Four genes, FTL, ASAH1, S100A6, and PABPC1, were highly expressed in the normal heart tissue. Finally, we evaluated the expression levels of the 12 genes in the blood of patients with AF using a heatmap. Our findings suggest that the 12 genes identified in this study, especially the lysosome-related genes (FTL and ASAH1), may be involved in AF pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Lysosome-related genes may be important to understand the AF pathophysiology and to develop AF-related future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kinoshita
- Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Reo Kawano
- Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Seiya Tanaka
- Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ayano Toda
- Innovation Center for Translational Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ohara
- Department of Hematology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirashiki
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Manabu Kokubo
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Atsuya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Beylerli O, Ju J, Beilerli A, Gareev I, Shumadalova A, Ilyasova T, Bai Y, Yang B. The roles of long noncoding RNAs in atrial fibrillation. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:542-549. [PMID: 37602317 PMCID: PMC10432912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that often occurs in patients with structural heart disease and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in clinical settings. AF is typically associated with significant changes of both the structure of the atria and the cardiac conduction system. AF can result in reduced heart function, heart failure, and various other complications. Current drug therapy for AF patients is often ineffective and may have adverse effects. Radiofrequency ablation is more effective than traditional drug therapy, but this invasive procedure carries potential risks and may lead to postoperative recurrence, limiting the clinical benefits to some extent. Therefore, in-depth research into the molecular mechanisms of AF and exploration of new treatment strategies based on research findings are prerequisites for improving the treatment of AF and the associated cardiac conditions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) with a length exceeding 200 nt, which regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs participate in many pathological processes of AF initiation, development, and maintenance, such as structural remodeling, electrical remodeling, renin-angiotensin system anomalies, and intracellular calcium deregulation s. LncRNAs that play key roles in structural and electrical remodeling may become molecular markers and targets for AF diagnosis and treatment, respectively, while lncRNAs critical to autonomic nervous system remodeling may bring new insights into the prognosis and recurrence of AF. This review article provides a synopsis on the up-to-date research findings relevant to the roles of lncRNAs in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiaming Ju
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Long non-coding RNA and circular RNA: new perspectives for molecular pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2835-2845. [PMID: 36596997 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the association of atrial fibrillation (AF) with endogenous genetic regulatory mechanisms. These interactions could advance the understanding of the AF pathophysiological process, supporting the search for early biomarkers to improve diagnosis and disease monitoring. Among the endogenous genetic regulatory mechanisms, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained special attention, and studies have demonstrated their involvement in AF development and other AF-related diseases such as coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. This review describes the main experimental results reported by studies that analyzed the expression of lncRNAs and circRNAs in AF associated with miRNA or mRNA. The search was conducted in PubMed public database using the terms "lncRNA and atrial fibrillation" or "long ncRNA and atrial fibrillation" or "long non-coding RNA and atrial fibrillation" or "circular RNA and atrial fibrillation" or "circRNA and atrial fibrillation". There was no overlapping of lncRNA or circRNA among the studies, attributed to the different sample types, methods, species, and patient classification evaluated in these studies. Although the regulatory mechanisms in which these molecules are involved are not yet well understood, the studies analyzed show their importance in the pathophysiological process of AF, supporting the idea that lncRNAs and circRNAs are involved in miRNA or mRNA regulation in the molecular mechanism of this disease.
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Emami Meybodi SM, Soleimani N, Yari A, Javadifar A, Tollabi M, Karimi B, Emami Meybodi M, Seyedhossaini S, Brouki Milan P, Dehghani Firoozabadi A. Circulatory long noncoding RNAs (circulatory-LNC-RNAs) as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases: Implications for cardiovascular diseases complications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1049-1071. [PMID: 36414082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders with major global health consequences. The prevalence of CVDs continues to grow due to population-aging and lifestyle modifications. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of cell signaling pathways have gained attention in the occurrence and development of CVDs. Exosomal-lncRNAs (exos-lncRNAs) are emerging biomarkers due to their high sensitivity and specificity, stability, accuracy and accessibility in the biological fluids. Recently, circulatory and exos-based-lncRNAs are emerging and novel bio-tools in various pathogenic conditions. It is worth mentioning that dysregulation of these molecules has been found in different types of CVDs. In this regard, we aimed to discuss the knowledge gaps and suggest research priorities regarding circulatory and exos-lncRNAs as novel bio-tools and therapeutic targets for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh Soleimani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Mciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Amin Javadifar
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Tollabi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Emami Meybodi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Seyedmostafa Seyedhossaini
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang W, Tian B, Ning Z, Li X. Research Progress of LncRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:758-772. [PMID: 35107751 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in adults, with high morbidity and increased mortality risk. In recent years, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic research of AF have increased exponentially, and regulation based on the potential molecular mechanism of AF is a research hotspot. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), usually refer to noncoding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, have been shown to play a role in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and myocardial fibrosis through various regulatory methods. An increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to the identification and function of LncRNAs in AF. This article reviews changes in the expression of related LncRNAs detected in AF and describes the LncRNAs that play a regulatory role in AF-related processes, to explore the potential of LncRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Bei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 of Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 of Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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Ke X, Zhang J, Huang X, Li S, Leng M, Ye Z, Li G. Construction and Analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network Based on Competing Endogenous RNA in Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:791156. [PMID: 35141302 PMCID: PMC8818759 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.791156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulated studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in human diseases by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA in atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unknown. In the present study, we aimed to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on ceRNA theory in AF by using bioinformatic analyses of public datasets. Methods Microarray data sets of GSE115574 and GSE79768 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were downloaded. Twenty-one AF right atrial appendage (RAA) samples and 22 sinus rhythm (SR) subjects RAA samples were selected for subsequent analyses. After merging all microarray data and adjusting for batch effect, differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out. A ceRNA network was constructed. Result A total of 8 lncRNAs and 43 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed with fold change >1.5 (p < 0.05) in RAA samples of AF patients when compared with SR. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that cardiac muscle contraction pathway were involved in AF development. The ceRNA was predicted by co-expressing LOC101928304/ LRRC2 from the constructional network analysis, which was competitively combined with miR-490-3p. The expression of LOC101928304 and LRRC were up-regulated in myocardial tissue of patients with AF, while miR-490-3p was down-regulated. Conclusion We constructed the LOC101928304/miR-490-3p/LRRC2 network based on ceRNA theory in AF in the bioinformatic analyses of public datasets. The ceRNA network found from this study may help improve our understanding of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ke
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Leng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zebing Ye
| | - Guowei Li
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Guowei Li
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10
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Chen C, Chen Q, Cheng K, Zou T, Pang Y, Ling Y, Xu Y, Zhu W. Exosomes and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs Are Novel Promises for the Mechanism-Based Diagnosis and Treatments of Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:782451. [PMID: 34926627 PMCID: PMC8671698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.782451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and has a significant impact on human health and substantial costs. Currently, there is a lack of accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AF. Moreover, the long-term efficacy of the catheter ablation in the AF is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new biomarkers and treatment strategies for the mechanism-based AF. Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released by nearly all types of cells. Since the AF would be linked to the changes of the atrial cells and their microenvironment, and the AF would strictly influence the exosomal non-coding RNAs (exo-ncRNAs) expression, which makes them as attractive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the AF. Simultaneously, the exo-ncRNAs have been found to play an important role in the mechanisms of the AF and have potential therapeutic prospects. Although the role of the exo-ncRNAs in the AF is being actively investigated, the evidence is still limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate approach for exosome isolation and characterization. In this article, we reviewed the new methodologies available for exosomes biogenesis, isolation, and characterization, and then discussed the mechanism of the AF and various levels and types of exosomes relevant to the AF, with the special emphasis on the exo-ncRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the mechanism-based AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhang L, Wang X, Huang C. A narrative review of non-coding RNAs in atrial fibrillation: potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1486. [PMID: 34734038 PMCID: PMC8506732 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This review summarizes the advances in the study of ncRNAs and atrial remodeling mechanisms to explore potential therapeutic targets and strategies for AF. Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, and its morbidity and mortality rates are gradually increasing. Non-coding ribonucleic acid RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from the genome and do not have the ability to be translated into proteins. A growing body of evidence has shown ncRNAs are extensively involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying AF. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of these associations have not been fully elucidated. Atrial remodeling plays a key role in the occurrence and development of AF, and includes electrical remodeling, structural remodeling, and autonomic nerve remodeling. Research has shown that ncRNA expression is altered in the plasma and tissues of AF patients that mediate cardiac excitation and arrhythmia, and is closely related to atrial remodeling. Methods Literatures about ncRNAs and atrial fibrillation were extensively reviewed to discuss and analyze. Conclusions The biology of ncRNAs represents a relatively new field of research and is still in an emerging stage. Recent studies have laid a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of AF, future studies aimed at identifying how ncRNAs act on atrial fibrillation to provide potentially promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Yu B, Xie C, Yu S, Hu Y. Long noncoding RNA and atrial fibrillation. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:877-883. [PMID: 34565733 PMCID: PMC10929980 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common arrhythmia that usually occurs in patients with heart disease, is one of the leading causes for mortality and disability worldwide. Current drug therapy for AF patients lacks sufficient efficacy and has side effects. Radiofrequency ablation is more effective than traditional drug therapy, but this invasive procedure is associated with potential risks and postoperative recurrence, limiting the clinical benefits for AF patients. Therefore, it is necessary to expand our understanding about the underlying molecular mechanism of AF and to explore the new therapeutic strategies. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a set of noncoding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides. Growing evidence indicates that lncRNA is involved in numerous pathophysiological processes of AF, such as structural remodeling, electrical remodeling, renin-angiotensin system, abnormal calcium regulation, etc. In addition, lncRNA involved in structural remodeling and electrical remodeling has the potential to be a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of AF, and lncRNA involved in autonomic nerve remodeling may bring new enlightenment for the prognosis and recurrence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyao Yu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013.
| | - Chunfan Xie
- Basic Medical School, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219
| | - Siyang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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13
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Rey F, Urrata V, Gilardini L, Bertoli S, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti GV, Cancello R, Carelli S. Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipogenesis: State of the art and implications in obesity and obesity-associated diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13203. [PMID: 33443301 PMCID: PMC8244036 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an evolutionary, chronic, and relapsing disease that consists of a pathological accumulation of adipose tissue able to increase morbidity for high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea in adults, children, and adolescents. Despite intense research over the last 20 years, obesity remains today a disease with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as interesting new regulators as different lncRNAs have been found to play a role in early and late phases of adipogenesis and to be implicated in obesity-associated complications onset. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of lncRNAs in adipocyte biology and in obesity-associated complications. Indeed, more and more researchers are focusing on investigating the underlying roles that these molecular modulators could play. Even if a significant number of evidence is correlation-based, with lncRNAs being differentially expressed in a specific disease, recent works are now focused on deeply analyzing how lncRNAs can effectively modulate the disease pathogenesis onset and progression. LncRNAs possibly represent new molecular markers useful in the future for both the early diagnosis and a prompt clinical management of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Urrata
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cancello
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Shen L, Shen G, Lu X, Ding G, Hu X. Co-expression Network Analysis Revealing the Potential Regulatory Roles of LncRNAs in Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Bioinform 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666191210142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart arrhythmic disorders
all over the world. However, it is worth noting that the mechanism underlying AF is still dimness.
Methods:
In this study, we implemented a series of bioinformatics methods to explore the
mechanisms of lncRNAs underlying AF pathogenesis. The present study analyzed the public
datasets (GSE2240 and GSE115574) to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs
(lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the progression of AF.
Results:
Totally, 71 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 390 DEGs were identified in AF.Next,
we performed bioinformatics analyses to explore the functions of lncRNAs in AF. Gene Ontology
(GO) analysis indicated that differentially expressed lncRNAs were involved in regulating multiple
key biological processes, such as cell cycle and signal transduction. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated these lncRNAs were associated with the
regulation of MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. Eight lncRNAs (RP5-1154L15.2, RP11-
339B21.15, RP11-448A19.1, RP11-676J12.4, LOC101930415, MALAT1, NEAT1, and PWAR6)
were identified to be key lncRNAs and widely co-expressed with a series of differentially expressed
genes (DEGs).
Conclusion:
Although further validation was still needed, our study may be helpful to elucidate the
mechanisms of lncRNAs underlying AF pathogenesis and providing further insight into identifying
novel biomarkers for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishui Shen
- Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,China
| | - Guilin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Anji People’s Hospital, Huzhou, 313300, Zhejiang Province,China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Anji People’s Hospital, Huzhou, 313300, Zhejiang Province,China
| | - Guomin Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Anji People’s Hospital, Huzhou, 313300, Zhejiang Province,China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai,China
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15
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Du J, Li Z, Wang X, Li J, Liu D, Wang X, Wei J, Ma S, Zhang Y, Hou Y. Long noncoding RNA TCONS-00106987 promotes atrial electrical remodelling during atrial fibrillation by sponging miR-26 to regulate KCNJ2. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12777-12788. [PMID: 32954646 PMCID: PMC7687017 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to play indispensable roles in multiple heart diseases. However, the correlations between lncRNAs and atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. In this study, we performed comprehensive lncRNA profiling via high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis using non-AF and AF rabbit models. Based on a series of filtering pipelines and bioinformatics analyses, TCONS-00106987 was selected for further research. TCONS-00106987 levels were increased in the atria during AF. Moreover, the atrial effective refractory period was shortened and the AF inducibility was increased in vivo in response to lentiviral-mediated up-regulation of TCONS-00106987. TCONS-00106987 repression resulted in the opposite effects. Further studies indicated that TCONS-00106987 expression was positively correlated with the expression of the protein-coding gene KCNJ2. Luciferase reporter assays and whole-cell patch-clamp recording confirmed that TCONS-00106987 promoted electrical remodelling via endogenous competition with microRNA-26 (miR-26) to induce transcription of its target gene KCNJ2, thereby increasing inward-rectifier K+ current (IK1 ). In conclusion, our study reveals a pathogenic lncRNA-miRNA regulatory network specific to atrial electrical remodelling that offers potential therapeutic targets for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donglu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinqiu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shenzhou Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Wang H, Song T, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Fu X. Long non-coding RNA LICPAR regulates atrial fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway in atrial fibrillation. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101440. [PMID: 32971457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling (lnc LIPCAR) was implicated in several human diseases, while its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) remained poorly understood. Our study aimed to discover the role of LICPAR played in AF. Samples of atrial muscle tissues from patients diagnosed with sinus rhythm (SR) and atrial fibrillation (AF) were collected, and human atrial fibroblasts were isolated and identified under immunofluorescence staining. After Angiotensin II (Ang II, as a activator of TGF-β) stimulation with LICPAR overexpression or knockdown, the viability and proliferation of atrial fibroblasts were respectively determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and clone formation assay. Relative expressions of LICPAR, fibrosis- and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad2/3-pathway related proteins were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. LICPAR and TGF-β1 were upregulated and were positively correlated in atrial muscle tissues from AF. Atrial fibroblasts were identified as Vimentin positive. Further analysis indicated that Ang II enhanced the levels of LIPCAR, Smad2/3 phosphorylation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Also, upregulating LIPCAR further promoted the promotive effects of Ang II on levels of LIPCAR, Collagen I, Collagen II, α-SMA and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, cell viability and proliferation of atrial fibroblasts, whereas silencing LIPCAR resulted in opposite effects. LICPAR regulates atrial fibrosis via modulating TGF-β/Smad pathway, which provided a potential therapeutic method for AF in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xianghua Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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17
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Genetics and Epigenetics of Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165717. [PMID: 32784971 PMCID: PMC7460853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be the most common supraventricular arrhythmia affecting up to 1% of the general population. Its prevalence exponentially increases with age and could reach up to 8% in the elderly population. The management of AF is a complex issue that is addressed by extensive ongoing basic and clinical research. AF centers around different types of disturbances, including ion channel dysfunction, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, and structural remodeling. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered over 100 genetic loci associated with AF. Most of these loci point to ion channels, distinct cardiac-enriched transcription factors, as well as to other regulatory genes. Recently, the discovery of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, involving non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), DNA methylation, and histone modification, has allowed to decipher how a normal heart develops and which modifications are involved in reshaping the processes leading to arrhythmias. This review aims to provide a current state of the field regarding the identification and functional characterization of AF-related epigenetic regulatory networks
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18
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Collins L, Binder P, Chen H, Wang X. Regulation of Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Heart Disease: Insight Into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2020; 11:798. [PMID: 32754048 PMCID: PMC7365882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and there is an increasing need to identify new therapeutic targets that could be used to prevent or treat these diseases. Due to recent scientific advances, non-coding RNAs are widely accepted as important regulators of cellular processes, and the identification of an axis of interaction between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) has provided another platform through which cardiovascular disease could be targeted therapeutically. Increasing evidence has detailed the importance of these non-coding RNAs, both individually and in an axis of regulation, in the processes and diseases involving the heart. However, further investigation into the consequences of targeting this mechanism, as well as refinement of how the system is targeted, are required before a treatment can be provided in clinic. This level of genomic regulation provides an exciting potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Binder
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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19
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Bektik E, Cowan DB, Wang DZ. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Atrial Fibrillation: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as a Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155424. [PMID: 32751460 PMCID: PMC7432754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of sustained arrhythmia in humans often characterized by devastating alterations to the cardiac conduction system as well as the structure of the atria. AF can lead to decreased cardiac function, heart failure, and other complications. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in the cardiovascular system, including AF; however, a large group of lncRNAs is not conserved between mouse and human. Furthermore, AF has complex networks showing variations in mechanisms in different species, making it challenging to utilize conventional animal models to investigate the functional roles and potential therapeutic benefits of lncRNAs for AF. Fortunately, pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) offer a reliable platform to study lncRNA functions in AF because of certain electrophysiological and molecular similarities with native human CMs. In this review, we first summarize the broad aspects of lncRNAs in various heart disease settings, then focus on their potential roles in AF development and pathophysiology. We also discuss current uses of PSCs in AF research and describe how these studies could be developed into novel therapeutics for AF and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bektik
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.B.); (D.B.C.)
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.B.); (D.B.C.)
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.B.); (D.B.C.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Non-coding RNAs and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32285417 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is considered a clinical condition characterized by myocardial ischemia causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, leading to morbidity and mortality across the worldwide. Prompt diagnostic and prognostic represents key factors for the treatment and reduction of the mortality rate. Therefore, one of the newest frontiers in cardiovascular research is related to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which prompted a huge interest in exploring ncRNAs candidates for utilization as potential therapeutic targets for diagnostic and prognostic and/or biomarkers in IHD. However, there are undoubtedly many more functional ncRNAs yet to be discovered and characterized. Here we will discuss our current knowledge and we will provide insight on the roles and effects elicited by some ncRNAs related to IHD.
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21
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Franco D, Aranega A, Dominguez JN. Non-coding RNAs and Atrial Fibrillation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:311-325. [PMID: 32285421 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent type of cardiac arrhythmia in humans, with an estimate incidence of 1-2% in the general population, rising up to 8-10% in the elderly. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hyperthyroidism can increase the occurrence of AF. The onset of AF triggers additional AF episodes, leading to structural and electrical remodeling of the diseased heart. Understanding the molecular bases of atrial fibrillation have greatly advance over the last decade demonstrating a pivotal role of distinct ion channels in AF pathophysiology. A new scenario has opened on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AF, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs and their wide implication in multiple disease states, including cardiac arrhythmogenic pathologies. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 22-24 nucleotides that are capable of regulating gene expression by interacting with the mRNA transcript 3'UTRs and promoting mRNA degradation and/or protein translation blockage. Long non-coding RNAs are a more diverse group of non-coding RNAs, providing transcriptional and post-transcriptional roles and subclassified according to their functional properties. In this chapter we summarized current state-of-the-art knowledge on the functional of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs as well as their cross-talk regulatory mechanisms in atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorge N Dominguez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
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22
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Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Gill D, Rasekhi RT. The role of long noncoding RNAs in atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1043-1049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Lu D, Thum T. RNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16:661-674. [PMID: 31186539 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and are associated with increasing financial expenditure. With the availability of next-generation sequencing technologies since the early 2000s, non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs have been assessed as potential therapeutic targets for numerous diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. In this Review, we summarize current approaches employed to screen for novel coding and non-coding RNA candidates with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular disease, including next-generation sequencing, functional high-throughput RNA screening and single-cell sequencing technologies. Furthermore, we highlight viral-based delivery tools that have been widely used to evaluate the therapeutic utility of both coding and non-coding RNAs in the context of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the potential of using oligonucleotide-based molecular products such as modified RNA, small interfering RNA and RNA mimics/inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Given that many non-coding RNAs have not yet been functionally annotated, the number of potential RNA diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases will continue to expand for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Cardior Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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24
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Wu J, Han D, Shi R, Chen M, Sun J, Tian H, Yan Y. Identification of atrial fibrillation‐associated lncRNAs in atria from patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1136-1144. [PMID: 30974026 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jine Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Medical Department of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityElectron Microscope Room Xi'an China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Peripheral Vascular DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, Aránega AE, Franco D. Genetics of Atrial Fibrilation: In Search of Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:183-194. [PMID: 30727926 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666190206150349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmogenic disease in humans, ranging from 2% in the general population and rising up to 10-12% in 80+ years. Genetic analyses of AF familiar cases have identified a series of point mutations in distinct ion channels, supporting a causative link. However, these genetic defects only explain a minority of AF patients. Genomewide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), close to PITX2 on 4q25 chromosome, that are highly associated to AF. Subsequent GWAS studies have identified several new loci, involving additional transcription and growth factors. Furthermore, these risk 4q25 SNPs serve as surrogate biomarkers to identify AF recurrence in distinct surgical and pharmacological interventions. Experimental studies have demonstrated an intricate signalling pathway supporting a key role of the homeobox transcription factor PITX2 as a transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperthyroidism, hypertension and redox homeostasis have been identified to modulate PITX2 driven gene regulatory networks. We provide herein a state-of-the-art review of the genetic bases of atrial fibrillation, our current understanding of the genetic regulatory networks involved in AF and its plausible usage for searching novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Amelia E Aránega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
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26
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Interplay between cardiac transcription factors and non-coding RNAs in predisposing to atrial fibrillation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:601-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ong SB, Katwadi K, Kwek XY, Ismail NI, Chinda K, Ong SG, Hausenloy DJ. Non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets for preventing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:247-261. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1439015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khairunnisa Katwadi
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Izzah Ismail
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, National Heart CentreSingapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Su Y, Li L, Zhao S, Yue Y, Yang S. The long noncoding RNA expression profiles of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation identified by microarray analysis. Gene 2018; 642:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Altered long non-coding RNA expression profile in rabbit atria with atrial fibrillation: TCONS_00075467 modulates atrial electrical remodeling by sponging miR-328 to regulate CACNA1C. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 108:73-85. [PMID: 28546098 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrical remodeling has been reported to play a major role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly recognized as contributors to the pathology of heart diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in electrical remodeling during AF remain unknown. In this study, the lncRNA expression profiles of right atria were investigated in AF and non-AF rabbit models by using RNA sequencing technique and validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 99,843 putative new lncRNAs were identified, in which 1220 differentially expressed transcripts exhibited >2-fold change. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict the functions and interactions of the aberrantly expressed genes. On the basis of a series of filtering pipelines, one lncRNA, TCONS_00075467, was selected to explore its effects and mechanisms on electrical remodeling. The atrial effective refractory period was shortened in vivo and the L-type calcium current and action potential duration were decreased in vitro by silencing of TCONS_00075467 with lentiviruses. Besides, the expression of miRNA-328 was negatively correlated with TCONS_00075467. We further demonstrated that TCONS_00075467 could sponge miRNA-328 in vitro and in vivo to regulate the downstream protein coding gene CACNA1C. In addition, miRNA-328 could partly reverse the effects of TCONS_00075467 on electrical remodeling. In summary, dysregulated lncRNAs may play important roles in modulating electrical remodeling during AF. Our study may facilitate the mechanism studies of lncRNAs in AF pathogenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets for AF.
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Viereck J, Thum T. Circulating Noncoding RNAs as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Injury. Circ Res 2017; 120:381-399. [PMID: 28104771 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has expanded our view on mammalian genomes and transcriptomes, as well as their organization and regulation. Accumulating evidence on aberrantly regulated ncRNAs, including short microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, across various heart diseases indicates that ncRNAs are critical contributors to cardiovascular pathophysiology. In addition, ncRNAs are released into the circulation where they are present in concentration levels that differ between healthy subjects and diseased patients. Although little is known about the origin and function of such circulating ncRNAs, these molecules are increasingly recognized as noninvasive and readily accessible biomarker for risk stratification, diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac injury, and multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings on biological characteristics of circulating ncRNAs and highlight their value as potential biomarker in selected pathologies of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika Viereck
- From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx (J.V., T.T.), and Excellence Cluster REBIRTH (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx (J.V., T.T.), and Excellence Cluster REBIRTH (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
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