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Waseem M, Wang BD. Combination of miR-99b-5p and Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Synergizes the Suppression of EMT-Mediated Metastasis in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1933. [PMID: 38792011 PMCID: PMC11119738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been systemically applied as a first-line therapy for PCa patients. Despite the initial responses, the majority of patients under ADT eventually experienced tumor progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), further leading to tumor metastasis to distant organs. Therefore, identifying the key molecular mechanisms underlying PCa progression remains crucial for the development of novel therapies for metastatic PCa. Previously, we identified that tumor-suppressive miR-99b-5p is frequently downregulated in aggressive African American (AA) PCa and European American (EA) CRPC, leading to upregulation of mTOR, androgen receptor (AR), and HIF-1α signaling. Given the fact that mTOR and HIF-1α signaling are critical upstream pathways that trigger the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we hypothesized that miR-99b-5p may play a critical functional role in regulating EMT-mediated PCa metastasis. To test this hypothesis, a series of cell biology, biochemical, and in vitro functional assays (wound healing, transwell migration, cell/ECM adhesion, and capillary-like tube formation assays) were performed to examine the effects of miR-99b-5p mimic on regulating EMT-mediated PCa metastasis processes. Our results have demonstrated that miR-99b-5p simultaneously targets MTOR and AR signaling, leading to upregulation of E-cadherin, downregulation of Snail/N-cadherin/Vimentin, and suppression of EMT-mediated PCa metastasis. MiR-99b-5p alone and in combination with enzalutamide or abiraterone significantly inhibits the EMT-mediated metastasis of AA PCa and EA CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA;
- Hormone Related Cancers Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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De Lazzari G, Opattova A, Arena S. Novel frontiers in urogenital cancers: from molecular bases to preclinical models to tailor personalized treatments in ovarian and prostate cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:146. [PMID: 38750579 PMCID: PMC11094891 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the incidence of urogenital cancers has exhibited diverse trends influenced by screening programs and geographical variations. Among women, there has been a consistent or even increased occurrence of endometrial and ovarian cancers; conversely, prostate cancer remains one of the most diagnosed malignancies, with a rise in reported cases, partly due to enhanced and improved screening efforts.Simultaneously, the landscape of cancer therapeutics has undergone a remarkable evolution, encompassing the introduction of targeted therapies and significant advancements in traditional chemotherapy. Modern targeted treatments aim to selectively address the molecular aberrations driving cancer, minimizing adverse effects on normal cells. However, traditional chemotherapy retains its crucial role, offering a broad-spectrum approach that, despite its wider range of side effects, remains indispensable in the treatment of various cancers, often working synergistically with targeted therapies to enhance overall efficacy.For urogenital cancers, especially ovarian and prostate cancers, DNA damage response inhibitors, such as PARP inhibitors, have emerged as promising therapeutic avenues. In BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitors like olaparib and niraparib have demonstrated efficacy, leading to their approval for specific indications. Similarly, patients with DNA damage response mutations have shown sensitivity to these agents in prostate cancer, heralding a new frontier in disease management. Furthermore, the progression of ovarian and prostate cancer is intricately linked to hormonal regulation. Ovarian cancer development has also been associated with prolonged exposure to estrogen, while testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone, can fuel the growth of prostate cancer cells. Thus, understanding the interplay between hormones, DNA damage and repair mechanisms can hold promise for exploring novel targeted therapies for ovarian and prostate tumors.In addition, it is of primary importance the use of preclinical models that mirror as close as possible the biological and genetic features of patients' tumors in order to effectively translate novel therapeutic findings "from the bench to the bedside".In summary, the complex landscape of urogenital cancers underscores the need for innovative approaches. Targeted therapy tailored to DNA repair mechanisms and hormone regulation might offer promising avenues for improving the management and outcomes for patients affected by ovarian and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada De Lazzari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genetics, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy
| | - Alena Opattova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genetics, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy
| | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genetics, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, Candiolo, TO, ZIP 10060, Italy.
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3
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Chen K, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu Y, Cao Q, Zhang X. Clinical value of molecular subtypes identification based on anoikis-related lncRNAs in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111104. [PMID: 38373667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoikis is a distinctive type of apoptosis. It is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. But its function in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains veiled. We aimed to develop a prognostic indicator based on anoikis-related long non-coding RNAs (arlncRNAs) and to investigate their biological function in CRPC. MATERIAL AND METHOD Differentially expressed anoikis-related genes were extracted from two CRPC datasets, GSE51873, and GSE78201. Four lncRNAs associated with the anoikis-related genes were selected. A risk model based on these lncRNAs was developed and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prostate cancer cohorts. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints expression, and drug susceptibility were performed based on the model. To identify the biofunction of anoikis-related lncRNA, CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry were used. RESULT Twenty-nine anoikis-related genes were differentially expressed in the CRPC datasets. And 36 prognostic arlncRNAs were selected for the LASSO Cox analysis. Patients were subsequently classified into two subtypes by constructing an anoikis-related lncRNA based prognostic index (ARPI). The accuracy of this index was validated. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the high-ARPI group was enriched in cancer-related and immune-related pathways. Immune infiltration analysis has indicated a positive association between high-ARPI groups and increased immune infiltration. Fulvestrant, OSI-027, Lapatinib, Dabrafenib, and Palbociclib were identified as potential sensitive drugs for high-ARPI patients. In vitro experiments exhibited that silencing LINC01138 dampened the proliferation, migration and enzalutamide resistance in CRPC. Furthermore, it stimulated apoptosis and inhibited the eithelial-mesenchymal transition process. CONCLUSION Four arlncRNAs were identified and a risk model was established to predict the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Immune infiltration and drug susceptibility analysis revealed a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailei Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunxuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China..
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4
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Vellky JE, Kirkpatrick BJ, Gutgesell LC, Morales M, Brown RM, Wu Y, Maienschein-Cline M, Notardonato LD, Weinfeld MS, Nguyen RH, Brister E, Sverdlov M, Liu L, Xu Z, Kregel S, Nonn L, Vander Griend DJ, Reizine NM. ERBB3 Overexpression is Enriched in Diverse Patient Populations with Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer and is Associated with a Unique AR Activity Signature. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1530-1543. [PMID: 38306015 PMCID: PMC11016893 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite successful clinical management of castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC), the 5-year survival rate for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer is only 32%. Combination treatment strategies to prevent disease recurrence are increasing, albeit in biomarker-unselected patients. Identifying a biomarker in CSPC to stratify patients who will progress on standard-of-care therapy could guide therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Targeted deep sequencing was performed for the University of Illinois (UI) cohort (n = 30), and immunostaining was performed on a patient tissue microarray (n = 149). Bioinformatic analyses identified pathways associated with biomarker overexpression (OE) in the UI cohort, consolidated RNA sequencing samples accessed from Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (n = 664), and GSE209954 (n = 68). Neutralizing antibody patritumab and ectopic HER3 OE were utilized for functional mechanistic experiments. RESULTS We identified ERBB3 OE in diverse patient populations with CSPC, where it was associated with advanced disease at diagnosis. Bioinformatic analyses showed a positive correlation between ERBB3 expression and the androgen response pathway despite low dihydrotestosterone and stable expression of androgen receptor (AR) transcript in Black/African American men. At the protein level, HER3 expression was negatively correlated with intraprostatic androgen in Black/African American men. Mechanistically, HER3 promoted enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cell line models and HER3-targeted therapy resensitized therapy-resistant prostate cancer cell lines to enzalutamide. CONCLUSIONS In diverse patient populations with CSPC, ERBB3 OE was associated with high AR signaling despite low intraprostatic androgen. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a direct link between HER3 and enzalutamide resistance. ERBB3 OE as a biomarker could thus stratify patients for intensification of therapy in castration-sensitive disease, including targeting HER3 directly to improve sensitivity to AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Vellky
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Lisa C. Gutgesell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mathias Morales
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan M. Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yaqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark Maienschein-Cline
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lucia D. Notardonato
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael S. Weinfeld
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan H. Nguyen
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eileen Brister
- Research Tissue Imaging Core, Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Research Histology Core, Research Resource Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li Liu
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ziqiao Xu
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald J. Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalie M. Reizine
- The University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
- UI Health Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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5
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Caramella-Pereira F, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Roy S, Jones T, Pomper M, Antony L, Meeker AK, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Brennen WN. Overexpression of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) in stroma of proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.04.24305338. [PMID: 38633791 PMCID: PMC11023661 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.24305338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease upregulated at sites of tissue remodeling and cancer that represents a promising therapeutic and molecular imaging target. In prostate cancer, studies of FAP expression using tissue microarrays are conflicting, such that its clinical potential is unclear. Furthermore, little is known regarding FAP expression in benign prostatic tissues. Here we demonstrated, using a novel iterative multiplex IHC assay in standard tissue sections, that FAP was nearly absent in normal regions, but was increased consistently in regions of proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). In carcinoma, FAP was expressed in all cases, but was highly heterogeneous. High FAP levels were associated with increased pathological stage and cribriform morphology. We verified that FAP levels in cancer correlated with CD163+ M2 macrophage density. In this first report to quantify FAP protein in benign prostate and primary tumors, using standard large tissue sections, we clarify that FAP is present in all primary prostatic carcinomas, supporting its potential clinical relevance. The finding of high levels of FAP within PIA supports the injury/regeneration model for its pathogenesis and suggests that it harbors a protumorigenic stroma. Yet, high levels of FAP in benign regions could lead to false positive FAP-based molecular imaging results in clinically localized prostate cancer.
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6
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Bennett L, Jaiswal PK, Harkless RV, Long TM, Gao N, Vandenburg B, Selman P, Durdana I, Lastra RR, Vander Griend D, Adelaiye-Ogala R, Szmulewitz RZ, Conzen SD. Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) Activation Is Associated with Increased cAMP/PKA Signaling in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:552-563. [PMID: 38030378 PMCID: PMC10985475 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and ensuing transcriptional activity have been proposed as an oncogenic "bypass" mechanism in response to androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibition (ARSi). Here, we report that GR transcriptional activity acquired following ARSi is associated with the upregulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-associated gene expression pathways in both model systems and metastatic prostate cancer patient samples. In the context of ARSi, the expression of GR-mediated genes encoding cAMP signaling pathway-associated proteins can be inhibited by treatment with selective GR modulators (SGRMs). For example, in the context of ARSi, we found that GR activation resulted in upregulation of protein kinase inhibitor beta (PKIB) mRNA and protein levels, leading to nuclear accumulation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA-c). Increased PKA-c, in turn, is associated with increased cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and activity. Furthermore, enzalutamide and SGRM combination therapy in mice bearing CRPC xenografts delayed CRPC progression compared with enzalutamide therapy alone, and reduced tumor PKIB mRNA expression. Supporting the clinical importance of GR/PKA signaling activation in CRPC, we found a significant enrichment of both cAMP pathway signaling-associated gene expression and high NR3C1 (GR) activity in patient-derived xenograft models and metastatic human CRPC samples. These findings suggest a novel mechanism linking CRPC-induced GR transcriptional activity with increased cAMP signaling in AR-antagonized CRPC. Furthermore, our findings suggest that GR-specific modulation in addition to AR antagonism may delay GR+ CRPC time to recurrence, at least in part, by inhibiting tumor cAMP/PKA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bennett
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan V. Harkless
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tiha M. Long
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ning Gao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Brianna Vandenburg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Phillip Selman
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ishrat Durdana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ricardo R. Lastra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Remi Adelaiye-Ogala
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Russell Z. Szmulewitz
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suzanne D. Conzen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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7
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Panja S, Truica MI, Yu CY, Saggurthi V, Craige MW, Whitehead K, Tuiche MV, Al-Saadi A, Vyas R, Ganesan S, Gohel S, Coffman F, Parrott JS, Quan S, Jha S, Kim I, Schaeffer E, Kothari V, Abdulkadir SA, Mitrofanova A. Mechanism-centric regulatory network identifies NME2 and MYC programs as markers of Enzalutamide resistance in CRPC. Nat Commun 2024; 15:352. [PMID: 38191557 PMCID: PMC10774320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous response to Enzalutamide, a second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor, is a central problem in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) management. Genome-wide systems investigation of mechanisms that govern Enzalutamide resistance promise to elucidate markers of heterogeneous treatment response and salvage therapies for CRPC patients. Focusing on the de novo role of MYC as a marker of Enzalutamide resistance, here we reconstruct a CRPC-specific mechanism-centric regulatory network, connecting molecular pathways with their upstream transcriptional regulatory programs. Mining this network with signatures of Enzalutamide response identifies NME2 as an upstream regulatory partner of MYC in CRPC and demonstrates that NME2-MYC increased activities can predict patients at risk of resistance to Enzalutamide, independent of co-variates. Furthermore, our experimental investigations demonstrate that targeting MYC and its partner NME2 is beneficial in Enzalutamide-resistant conditions and could provide an effective strategy for patients at risk of Enzalutamide resistance and/or for patients who failed Enzalutamide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Mihai Ioan Truica
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christina Y Yu
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Vamshi Saggurthi
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Michael W Craige
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Katie Whitehead
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Mayra V Tuiche
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ, 07039, USA
| | - Aymen Al-Saadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers School of Engineering, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Riddhi Vyas
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Frederick Coffman
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - James S Parrott
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA
| | - Songhua Quan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shantenu Jha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers School of Engineering, New Brunswick, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Isaac Kim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Heaven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Edward Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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8
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Wan L, Liu Y, Liu R, Mao W. GAD1 contributes to the progression and drug resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:255. [PMID: 37904122 PMCID: PMC10617133 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is currently the second most lethal malignancy in men worldwide due to metastasis and invasion in advanced stages. Studies have revealed that androgen deprivation therapy can induce stable remission in patients with advanced prostate cancer, although most patients will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in 1-2 years. Docetaxel and enzalutamide improve survival in patients with CRPC, although only for a short time, eventually patients develop primary or secondary resistance, causing disease progression or biochemical relapse. METHODS The gene expression profiles of docetaxel-sensitive or -resistant prostate cancer cell lines, namely GSE33455, GSE36135, GSE78201, GSE104935, and GSE143408, were sequentially analyzed for differentially expressed genes and progress-free interval significance. Subsequently, the overall survival significance and clinic-pathological features were analyzed by the R package. The implications of hub genes mutations, methylation in prostate cancer and the relationship with the tumor immune cell infiltration microenvironment were assessed with the help of cBioPortal, UALCAN and TISIDB web resources. Finally, effects of the hub genes on the progression and drug resistance in prostate cancer were explored using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, cell phenotype, and drug sensitivity. RESULT Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) was tentatively identified by bioinformatic analysis as an hub gene for the development of drug resistance, including docetaxel and enzalutamide, in prostate cancer. Additionally, GAD1 expression, mutation and methylation were significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features and the tumor immune microenvironment. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, cell phenotype and drug sensitivity experiments further demonstrated that GAD1 promoted prostate cancer progression and decreased the therapeutic effect of docetaxel or enzalutamide. CONCLUSION This research confirmed that GAD1 was a hub gene in the progression and development of drug resistance in prostate cancer. This helped to explain prostate cancer drug resistance and provides new immune-related therapeutic targets and biomarkers for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Wan
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruiji Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, 200000, China.
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Kostlan RJ, Phoenix JT, Budreika A, Ferrari MG, Khurana N, Cho JE, Juckette K, McCollum BL, Moskal R, Mannan R, Qiao Y, Griend DJV, Chinnaiyan AM, Kregel S. Clinically relevant humanized mouse models of metastatic prostate cancer to evaluate cancer therapies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562280. [PMID: 37904960 PMCID: PMC10614761 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
There is tremendous need for improved prostate cancer (PCa) models. The mouse prostate does not spontaneously form tumors and is anatomically and developmentally different from the human prostate. Engineered mouse models lack the heterogeneity of human cancer and rarely establish metastatic growth. Human xenografts represent an alternative but rely on an immunocompromised host. Accordingly, we generated PCa murine xenograft models with an intact human immune system (huNOG and huNOG-EXL mice) to test whether humanizing tumor-immune interactions would improve modeling of metastatic PCa and the impact of hormonal and immunotherapies. These mice maintain multiple human cell lineages, including functional human T-cells and myeloid cells. In 22Rv1 xenografts, subcutaneous tumor size was not significantly altered across conditions; however, metastasis to secondary sites differed in castrate huNOG vs background-matched immunocompromised mice treated with enzalutamide (enza). VCaP xenograft tumors showed decreases in growth with enza and anti-Programed-Death-1 treatments in huNOG mice, and no effect was seen with treatment in NOG mice. Enza responses in huNOG and NOG mice were distinct and associated with increased T-cells within tumors of enza treated huNOG mice, and increased T-cell activation. In huNOG-EXL mice, which support human myeloid development, there was a strong population of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells and Myeloid-Derived-Suppressor-Cells (MDSCs), and enza treatment showed no difference in metastasis. Results illustrate, to our knowledge, the first model of human PCa that metastasizes to clinically relevant locations, has an intact human immune system, responds appropriately to standard-of-care hormonal therapies, and can model both an immunosuppressive and checkpoint-inhibition responsive immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J. Kostlan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - John T. Phoenix
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Audris Budreika
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Marina G. Ferrari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Neetika Khurana
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Jae Eun Cho
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristin Juckette
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brooke L. McCollum
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Russell Moskal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
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10
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Liu R, Xu Z, Huang X, Xu B, Chen M. Yin Yang 1 promotes the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells via the non-canonical WNT pathway (FYN/STAT3). Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1422. [PMID: 37771187 PMCID: PMC10539684 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies have shown that Yin Yang 1 (YY1) promotes the development of multiple tumours. The purpose of the current study was to determine the mechanism by which YY1 mediates neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer (NEPC) cells undergoing cellular plasticity. METHODS Using the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we bioinformatically analyzed YY1 expression in prostate cancer (PCa). Aberrant YY1 expression was validated in different PCa tissues and cell lines via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo and in vitro functional assays verified the oncogenicity of YY1 in PCa. Further functional assays showed that ectopic expression of YY1 promoted cellular plasticity in PCa cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction and neuroendocrine differentiation. RESULTS Androgen deprivation therapy induced a decrease in YY1 protein ubiquitination, enhanced its stability, and thus enhanced the transcriptional activity of FZD8. Castration enhanced FZD8 binding to Wnt9A and mediated cellular plasticity by activating the non-canonical Wnt (FZD8/FYN/STAT3) pathway. CONCLUSIONS We identified YY1 as a novel dysregulated transcription factor that plays an important role in NEPC progression in this study. We believe that an in-depth investigation of the mechanism underlying YY1-mediated disease may lead to improved NEPC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of UrologySoutheast University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Zhi‐Peng Xu
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of UrologySoutheast University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of UrologySoutheast University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of UrologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of UrologySoutheast University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Lishui District People's HospitalZhongda Hospital Lishui BranchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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11
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Phoenix JT, Budreika A, Kostlan RJ, Hwang JH, Fanning SW, Kregel S. Editorial: Hormone resistance in cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1272932. [PMID: 37693345 PMCID: PMC10484586 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1272932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Phoenix
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Audris Budreika
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Raymond J. Kostlan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
- Integrated Program in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Justin H. Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sean W. Fanning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Steven Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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12
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Meier JP, Zhang HJ, Freifelder R, Bhuiyan M, Selman P, Mendez M, Kankanamalage PHA, Brossard T, Pusateri A, Tsai HM, Leoni L, Penano S, Ghosh K, Broder BA, Markiewicz E, Renne A, Stadler W, Weichselbaum R, Nolen J, Kao CM, Chitneni SK, Rotsch DA, Szmulewitz RZ, Chen CT. Accelerator-Based Production of Scandium Radioisotopes for Applications in Prostate Cancer: Toward Building a Pipeline for Rapid Development of Novel Theranostics. Molecules 2023; 28:6041. [PMID: 37630292 PMCID: PMC10458970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of nuclear medicine, the β+ -emitting 43Sc and β- -emitting 47Sc are promising candidates in cancer diagnosis and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) due to their favorable decay schema and shared pharmacokinetics as a true theranostic pair. Additionally, scandium is a group-3 transition metal (like 177Lu) and exhibits affinity for DOTA-based chelators, which have been studied in depth, making the barrier to implementation lower for 43/47Sc than for other proposed true theranostics. Before 43/47Sc can see widespread pre-clinical evaluation, however, an accessible production methodology must be established and each isotope's radiolabeling and animal imaging capabilities studied with a widely utilized tracer. As such, a simple means of converting an 18 MeV biomedical cyclotron to support solid targets and produce 43Sc via the 42Ca(d,n)43Sc reaction has been devised, exhibiting reasonable yields. The NatTi(γ,p)47Sc reaction is also investigated along with the successful implementation of chemical separation and purification methods for 43/47Sc. The conjugation of 43/47Sc with PSMA-617 at specific activities of up to 8.94 MBq/nmol and the subsequent imaging of LNCaP-ENZaR tumor xenografts in mouse models with both 43/47Sc-PSMA-617 are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Meier
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Hannah J. Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-M.T.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Richard Freifelder
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Cyclotron Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
| | - Mohammed Bhuiyan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Cyclotron Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Phillip Selman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Megan Mendez
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Pavithra H. A. Kankanamalage
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (P.H.A.K.); (T.B.)
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Thomas Brossard
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (P.H.A.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Antonino Pusateri
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Hsiu-Ming Tsai
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-M.T.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Lara Leoni
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-M.T.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Sagada Penano
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Kaustab Ghosh
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Cyclotron Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brittany A. Broder
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Erica Markiewicz
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-M.T.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Amy Renne
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (P.H.A.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Walter Stadler
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jerry Nolen
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (P.H.A.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Chien-Min Kao
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-M.T.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
| | - Satish K. Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
| | - David A. Rotsch
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (P.H.A.K.); (T.B.)
- Medical Isotope Development Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Russell Z. Szmulewitz
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.P.M.); (H.J.Z.); (R.F.); (M.B.); (A.P.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (B.A.B.); (A.R.); (C.-M.K.); (S.K.C.)
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-M.T.); (L.L.); (E.M.)
- Cyclotron Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- UChicago/Argonne Joint Radioisotope Initiative (JRI), Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (W.S.); (R.W.); (J.N.)
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13
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Blatt EB, Parra K, Neeb A, Buroni L, Bogdan D, Yuan W, Gao Y, Gilbreath C, Paschalis A, Carreira S, DeBerardinis RJ, Mani RS, de Bono JS, Raj GV. Critical role of antioxidant programs in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2347-2359. [PMID: 37355762 PMCID: PMC10752496 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, such as enzalutamide, is common in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). To understand the metabolic alterations involved in enzalutamide resistance, we performed metabolomic, transcriptomic, and cistromic analyses of enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant PCa cells, xenografts, patient-derived organoids, patient-derived explants, and tumors. We noted dramatically higher basal and inducible levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in enzalutamide-resistant PCa and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), in comparison to enzalutamide-sensitive PCa cells or primary therapy-naive tumors respectively. Unbiased metabolomic evaluation identified that glutamine metabolism was consistently upregulated in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells and CRPC tumors. Stable isotope tracing studies suggest that this enhanced glutamine metabolism drives an antioxidant program that allows these cells to tolerate higher basal levels of ROS. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism with either a small-molecule glutaminase inhibitor or genetic knockout of glutaminase enhanced ROS levels, and blocked the growth of enzalutamide-resistant PCa. The critical role of compensatory antioxidant pathways in maintaining enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells was validated by targeting another antioxidant program driver, ferredoxin 1. Taken together, our data identify a metabolic need to maintain antioxidant programs and a potentially targetable metabolic vulnerability in enzalutamide-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot B Blatt
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Karla Parra
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Antje Neeb
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Collin Gilbreath
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ram S Mani
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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14
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Severson TM, Zhu Y, Prekovic S, Schuurman K, Nguyen HM, Brown LG, Hakkola S, Kim Y, Kneppers J, Linder S, Stelloo S, Lieftink C, van der Heijden M, Nykter M, van der Noort V, Sanders J, Morris B, Jenster G, van Leenders GJLH, Pomerantz M, Freedman ML, Beijersbergen RL, Urbanucci A, Wessels L, Corey E, Zwart W, Bergman AM. Enhancer profiling identifies epigenetic markers of endocrine resistance and reveals therapeutic options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.24.23286403. [PMID: 36865297 PMCID: PMC9980263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.23286403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors, including enzalutamide, are treatment options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but resistance inevitably develops. Using metastatic samples from a prospective phase II clinical trial, we epigenetically profiled enhancer/promoter activities with H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, before and after AR-targeted therapy. We identified a distinct subset of H3K27ac-differentially marked regions that associated with treatment responsiveness. These data were successfully validated in mCRPC patient-derived xenograft models (PDX). In silico analyses revealed HDAC3 as a critical factor that can drive resistance to hormonal interventions, which we validated in vitro . Using cell lines and mCRPC PDX tumors in vitro , we identified drug-drug synergy between enzalutamide and the pan-HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, providing therapeutic proof-of-concept. These findings demonstrate rationale for new therapeutic strategies using a combination of AR and HDAC inhibitors to improve patient outcome in advanced stages of mCRPC.
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15
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Basak D, Gregori L, Johora F, Deb S. Preclinical and Clinical Research Models of Prostate Cancer: A Brief Overview. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101607. [PMID: 36295041 PMCID: PMC9605520 DOI: 10.3390/life12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are on the rise which poses a major public health concern worldwide. In this narrative review, we have summarized the characteristics of major in vitro and in vivo PCa models including their utility in developing treatment strategies. Androgens, particularly, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway that facilitates the development and progression of castration resistant PCa. Several enzymes namely, CYP17A1, HSD17B, and SRD5A are essential to furnishing DHT from dehydroepiandrosterone in the classical pathway while DHT is formed from androstanediol in the backdoor pathway. The advancement in delineating the molecular heterogeneity of PCa has been possible through the development of several in vitro and in vivo research models. Generally, tissue culture models are advantageous to understand PCa biology and investigate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents; nevertheless, animal models are indispensable to studying the PCa etiology and treatment since they can simulate the tumor microenvironment that plays a central role in initiation and progression of the disease. Moreover, the availability of several genetically engineered mouse models has made it possible to study the metastasis process. However, the conventional models are not devoid of limitations. For example, the lack of heterogeneity in tissue culture models and the variation of metastatic characteristics in xenograft models are obviously challenging. Additionally, due to the racial and ethnic disparities in PCa pathophysiology, a new model that can represent PCa encompassing different ethnicities is urgently needed. New models should continue to evolve to address the genetic and molecular complexities as well as to further elucidate the finer details of the steroidogenic pathway associated with PCa.
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the maintenance of muscle and bone and the support of male sexual-related functions, as well as in the progression of prostate cancer. Accordingly, AR-targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of related human diseases and conditions. AR agonists are an important class of drugs in the treatment of bone loss and muscle atrophy. AR antagonists have also been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, selective AR degraders (SARDs) have been reported. More recently, heterobifunctional degrader molecules of AR have been developed, and four such compounds are now in clinical development for the treatment of human prostate cancer. This review attempts to summarize the different types of compounds designed to target AR and the current frontiers of research on this important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Linder S, Hoogstraat M, Stelloo S, Eickhoff N, Schuurman K, de Barros H, Alkemade M, Bekers EM, Severson TM, Sanders J, Huang CCF, Morova T, Altintas UB, Hoekman L, Kim Y, Baca SC, Sjostrom M, Zaalberg A, Hintzen DC, de Jong J, Kluin RJC, de Rink I, Giambartolomei C, Seo JH, Pasaniuc B, Altelaar M, Medema RH, Feng FY, Zoubeidi A, Freedman ML, Wessels LFA, Butler LM, Lack NA, van der Poel H, Bergman AM, Zwart W. Drug-induced epigenomic plasticity reprograms circadian rhythm regulation to drive prostate cancer towards androgen-independence. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2074-2097. [PMID: 35754340 PMCID: PMC7613567 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In prostate cancer, androgen receptor (AR)-targeting agents are very effective in various disease stages. However, therapy resistance inevitably occurs and little is known about how tumor cells adapt to bypass AR suppression. Here, we performed integrative multi-omics analyses on tissues isolated before and after 3 months of AR-targeting enzalutamide monotherapy from high-risk prostate cancer patients enrolled in a neoadjuvant clinical trial. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that AR inhibition drove tumors towards a neuroendocrine-like disease state. Additionally, epigenomic profiling revealed massive enzalutamide-induced reprogramming of pioneer factor FOXA1 - from inactive chromatin sites towards active cis-regulatory elements that dictate pro-survival signals. Notably, treatment-induced FOXA1 sites were enriched for circadian clock component ARNTL. Post-treatment ARNTL levels associated with poor outcome, and ARNTL knockout strongly decreased prostate cancer cell growth. Our data highlight a remarkable cistromic plasticity of FOXA1 following AR-targeted therapy, and revealed an acquired dependency on circadian regulator ARNTL, a novel candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Linder
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan Stelloo
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nils Eickhoff
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elise M Bekers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce Sanders
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tunc Morova
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sylvan C Baca
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Boston, United States
| | - Martin Sjostrom
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | | | - Roelof J C Kluin
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, BOSTON, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Rene H Medema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felix Y Feng
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | | | | | - Lisa M Butler
- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan A Lack
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Wilbert Zwart
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Maxwell PJ, McKechnie M, Armstrong CW, Manley JM, Ong CW, Worthington J, Mills IG, Longley DB, Quigley JP, Zoubeidi A, de Bono JS, Deryugina E, LaBonte MJ, Waugh DJ. Attenuating Adaptive VEGF-A and IL8 Signaling Restores Durable Tumor Control in AR Antagonist-Treated Prostate Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:841-853. [PMID: 35302608 PMCID: PMC9381111 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting androgen signaling using androgen signaling inhibitors (ASI) remains the primary treatment for castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Acquired resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy represents a major impediment to durable clinical response. Understanding resistance mechanisms, including the role of AR expressed in other cell types within the tumor microenvironment, will extend the clinical benefit of AR-targeted therapy. Here, we show the ASI enzalutamide induces vascular catastrophe and promotes hypoxia and microenvironment adaptation. We characterize treatment-induced hypoxia, and subsequent induction of angiogenesis, as novel mechanisms of relapse to enzalutamide, highlighting the importance of two hypoxia-regulated cytokines in underpinning relapse. We confirmed AR expression in CD34+ vascular endothelium of biopsy tissue and human vascular endothelial cells (HVEC). Enzalutamide attenuated angiogenic tubule formation and induced cytotoxicity in HVECs in vitro, and rapidly induced sustained hypoxia in LNCaP xenografts. Subsequent reoxygenation, following prolonged enzalutamide treatment, was associated with increased tumor vessel density and accelerated tumor growth. Hypoxia increased AR expression and transcriptional activity in prostate cells in vitro. Coinhibition of IL8 and VEGF-A restored tumor response in the presence of enzalutamide, confirming the functional importance of their elevated expression in enzalutamide-resistant models. Moreover, coinhibition of IL8 and VEGF-A resulted in a durable, effective resolution of enzalutamide-sensitive prostate tumors. We conclude that concurrent inhibition of two hypoxia-induced factors, IL8 and VEGF-A, prolongs tumor sensitivity to enzalutamide in preclinical models and may delay the onset of enzalutamide resistance. IMPLICATIONS Targeting hypoxia-induced signaling may extend the therapeutic benefit of enzalutamide, providing an improved treatment strategy for patients with resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Maxwell
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie McKechnie
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. Armstrong
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M. Manley
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chee Wee Ong
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian G. Mills
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel B. Longley
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Quigley
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Deryugina
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Melissa J. LaBonte
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Author: Melissa J. LaBonte, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT39 0DL, United Kingdom. Phone: 289-097-2789; E-mail:
| | - David J.J. Waugh
- Movember FASTMAN Centre of Excellence, Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Qiu X, Brown LG, Conner JL, Nguyen HM, Boufaied N, Abou Alaiwi S, Seo JH, El Zarif T, Bell C, O’Connor E, Hanratty B, Pomerantz M, Freedman ML, Brown M, Haffner MC, Nelson PS, Feng FY, Labbé DP, Long HW, Corey E. Response to supraphysiological testosterone is predicted by a distinct androgen receptor cistrome. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157164. [PMID: 35603787 PMCID: PMC9220831 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a master transcription factor that regulates prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. Inhibition of AR signaling by androgen deprivation is the first-line therapy with initial efficacy for advanced and recurrent PC. Paradoxically, supraphysiological levels of testosterone (SPT) also inhibit PC progression. However, as with any therapy, not all patients show a therapeutic benefit, and responses differ widely in magnitude and duration. In this study, we evaluated whether differences in the AR cistrome before treatment can distinguish between SPT-responding (R) and -nonresponding (NR) tumors. We provide the first preclinical evidence to our knowledge that SPT-R tumors exhibit a distinct AR cistrome when compared with SPT-NR tumors, indicating a differential biological role of the AR. We applied an integrated analysis of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq to the pretreatment tumors and identified an SPT-R signature that distinguishes R and NR tumors. Because transcriptomes of SPT-treated clinical specimens are not available, we interrogated available castration-resistant PC (CRPC) transcriptomes and showed that the SPT-R signature is associated with improved survival and has the potential to identify patients who would respond to SPT. These findings provide an opportunity to identify the subset of patients with CRPC who would benefit from SPT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Qiu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisha G. Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Conner
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly M. Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Abou Alaiwi
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talal El Zarif
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connor Bell
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward O’Connor
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Hanratty
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David P. Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Henry W. Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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20
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Huhtaniemi R, Sipilä P, Junnila A, Oksala R, Knuuttila M, Mehmood A, Aho E, Laajala TD, Aittokallio T, Laiho A, Elo L, Ohlsson C, Thulin MH, Kallio P, Mäkelä S, Mustonen MV, Poutanen M. High intratumoral dihydrotestosterone is associated with antiandrogen resistance in VCaP prostate cancer xenografts in castrated mice. iScience 2022; 25:104287. [PMID: 35573198 PMCID: PMC9097697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiandrogen treatment resistance is a major clinical concern in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. Using xenografts of VCaP cells we showed that growth of antiandrogen resistant CRPC tumors were characterized by a higher intratumor dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration than that of treatment responsive tumors. Furthermore, the slow tumor growth after adrenalectomy was associated with a low intratumor DHT concentration. Reactivation of androgen signaling in enzalutamide-resistant tumors was further shown by the expression of several androgen-dependent genes. The data indicate that intratumor DHT concentration and expression of several androgen-dependent genes in CRPC lesions is an indication of enzalutamide treatment resistance and an indication of the need for further androgen blockade. The presence of an androgen synthesis, independent of CYP17A1 activity, has been shown to exist in prostate cancer cells, and thus, novel androgen synthesis inhibitors are needed for the treatment of enzalutamide-resistant CRPC tumors that do not respond to abiraterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Arttu Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Matias Knuuttila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Aho
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sari Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Hwang JH, Arafeh R, Seo JH, Baca SC, Ludwig M, Arnoff TE, Sawyer L, Richter C, Tape S, Bergom HE, McSweeney S, Rennhack JP, Klingenberg SA, Cheung ATM, Kwon J, So J, Kregel S, Van Allen EM, Drake JM, Freedman ML, Hahn WC. CREB5 reprograms FOXA1 nuclear interactions to promote resistance to androgen receptor targeting therapies. eLife 2022; 11:73223. [PMID: 35550030 PMCID: PMC9135408 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) are treated with therapies that antagonize the androgen receptor (AR). Nearly all patients develop resistance to AR-targeted therapies (ART). Our previous work identified CREB5 as an upregulated target gene in human mCRPC that promoted resistance to all clinically-approved ART. The mechanisms by which CREB5 promotes progression of mCRPC or other cancers remains elusive. Integrating ChIP-seq and rapid immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy of endogenous proteins (RIME), we report that cells overexpressing CREB5 demonstrate extensive reprogramming of nuclear protein-protein interactions in response to the ART agent enzalutamide. Specifically, CREB5 physically interacts with AR, the pioneering actor FOXA1, and other known co-factors of AR and FOXA1 at transcription regulatory elements recently found to be active in mCRPC patients. We identified a subset of CREB5/FOXA1 co-interacting nuclear factors that have critical functions for AR transcription (GRHL2, HOXB13) while others (TBX3, NFIC) regulated cell viability and ART resistance and were amplified or overexpressed in mCRPC. Upon examining the nuclear protein interactions and the impact of CREB5 expression on the mCRPC patient transcriptome, we found CREB5 was associated with Wnt signaling and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, implicating these pathways in CREB5/FOXA1-mediated ART resistance. Overall, these observations define the molecular interactions among CREB5, FOXA1, and pathways that promote ART resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H Hwang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Rand Arafeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Sylvan C Baca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Megan Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | | | - Lydia Sawyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Camden Richter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | - Sydney Tape
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Hannah E Bergom
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Jonathan P Rennhack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institue, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Jason Kwon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Jonathan So
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Steven Kregel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, United States
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Justin M Drake
- Department of Pharmacology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
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22
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Lu CH, Wu CH, Hsieh PF, Wu CY, Kuo WWT, Ou CH, Lin VCH. Small interfering RNA targeting N-cadherin regulates cell proliferation and migration in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 35126732 PMCID: PMC8805176 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide is one of the options for treating patients with castration-resistant or metastatic prostate cancer. However, a substantial proportion of patients become resistant to enzalutamide after a period of treatment. Cells in these tumors typically exhibit increased proliferative and migratory capabilities, in which N-cadherin (CDH2) appear to serve an important role. In the present study, by up- and downregulating the expression of CDH2, the possible effects of CDH2 on the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP were investigated. Male sex hormone-sensitive LNCaP cells treated with 10 µM enzalutamide were named LNCaP enzalutamide-resistant (EnzaR) cells. Reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure CDH2, E-cadherin, α-SMA, Snail and Slug expression. Transfection with the pCMV-CDH2 plasmid was performed for CDH2 upregulation, whilst transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-CDH2 was performed for CDH2 downregulation. MTT and Cell Counting Kit-4 assays were used to evaluate the proportion of viable cancer cells. Subsequently, gap closure assay was performed to evaluate the migratory capability of both LNCaP and LNCaP EnzaR cell lines. CDH2 expression was found to be increased in LNCaP EnzaR cells compared with that in LNCaP cells. CDH2 overexpression increased cell viability and migration in both LNCaP and LNCaP EnzaR cell lines. By contrast, the opposite trend was observed after CDH2 expression was knocked down. CDH2 expression also showed a high association with that of four epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, which was confirmed by western blotting. Based on these results, it was concluded that knocking down CDH2 expression using siRNA transfection mediated significant influence on LNCaP EnzaR cell physiology, which may be a potential therapeutic option for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Lu
- Division of Urology, Penghu Hospital, Penghu 880001, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hsien Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Yu Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wade Wei-Ting Kuo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Hui Ou
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Victor Chia Hsiang Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan, R.O.C
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23
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de Wet L, Williams A, Gillard M, Kregel S, Lamperis S, Gutgesell LC, Vellky JE, Brown R, Conger K, Paner GP, Wang H, Platz EA, De Marzo AM, Mu P, Coloff JL, Szmulewitz RZ, Vander Griend DJ. SOX2 mediates metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2022; 41:1190-1202. [PMID: 35067686 PMCID: PMC8858874 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
New strategies are needed to predict and overcome metastatic progression and therapy resistance in prostate cancer. One potential clinical target is the stem cell transcription factor SOX2, which has a critical role in prostate development and cancer. We thus investigated the impact of SOX2 expression on patient outcomes and its function within prostate cancer cells. Analyses of SOX2 expression among a case-control cohort of 1028 annotated tumor specimens demonstrated that SOX2 expression confers a more rapid time to metastasis and decreased patient survival after biochemical recurrence. SOX2 ChIP-Seq analyses revealed SOX2-binding sites within prostate cancer cells which differ significantly from canonical embryonic SOX2 gene targets, and prostate-specific SOX2 gene targets are associated with multiple oncogenic pathways. Interestingly, phenotypic and gene expression analyses after CRISPR-mediated deletion of SOX2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells, as well as ectopic SOX2 expression in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells, demonstrated that SOX2 promotes changes in multiple metabolic pathways and metabolites. SOX2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines confers increased glycolysis and glycolytic capacity, as well as increased basal and maximal oxidative respiration and increased spare respiratory capacity. Further, SOX2 expression was associated with increased quantities of mitochondria, and metabolomic analyses revealed SOX2-associated changes in the metabolism of purines, pyrimidines, amino acids and sugars, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Analyses of SOX2 gene targets with central functions metabolism (CERK, ECHS1, HS6SDT1, LPCAT4, PFKP, SLC16A3, SLC46A1, and TST) document significant expression correlation with SOX2 among RNA-Seq datasets derived from patient tumors and metastases. These data support a key role for SOX2 in metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells and reveal new mechanisms to understand how SOX2 enables metastatic progression, lineage plasticity, and therapy resistance. Further, our data suggest clinical opportunities to exploit SOX2 as a biomarker for staging and imaging, as well as a potential pharmacologic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larischa de Wet
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anthony Williams
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marc Gillard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Steven Kregel
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sophia Lamperis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lisa C Gutgesell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jordan E Vellky
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kelly Conger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Gladell P Paner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology, and the Brady Urological Research Institute and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ping Mu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan L Coloff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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24
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Monga J, Adrianto I, Rogers C, Gadgeel S, Chitale D, Alumkal JJ, Beltran H, Zoubeidi A, Ghosh J. Tribbles 2 pseudokinase confers enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer by promoting lineage plasticity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101556. [PMID: 34973338 PMCID: PMC8800106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide, a second-generation antiandrogen, is commonly prescribed for the therapy of advanced prostate cancer, but enzalutamide-resistant, lethal, or incurable disease invariably develops. To understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind enzalutamide resistance, here, we comprehensively analyzed a range of prostate tumors and clinically relevant models by gene expression array, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, which revealed that enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and tumors overexpress the pseudokinase, Tribbles 2 (TRIB2). Inhibition of TRIB2 decreases the viability of enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells, suggesting a critical role of TRIB2 in these cells. Moreover, the overexpression of TRIB2 confers resistance in prostate cancer cells to clinically relevant doses of enzalutamide, and this resistance is lost upon inhibition of TRIB2. Interestingly, we found that TRIB2 downregulates the luminal markers androgen receptor and cytokeratin 8 in prostate cancer cells but upregulates the neuronal transcription factor BRN2 (Brain-2) and the stemness factor SOX2 (SRY-box 2) to induce neuroendocrine characteristics. Finally, we show that inhibition of either TRIB2 or its downstream targets, BRN2 or SOX2, resensitizes resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide. Thus, TRIB2 emerges as a potential new regulator of transdifferentiation that confers enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells via a mechanism involving increased cellular plasticity and lineage switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Craig Rogers
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shirish Gadgeel
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dhananjay Chitale
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Univeristy of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia and The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jagadananda Ghosh
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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25
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Su S, Cao J, Meng X, Liu R, Vander Ark A, Woodford E, Zhang R, Stiver I, Zhang X, Madaj ZB, Bowman MJ, Wu Y, Xu HE, Chen B, Yu H, Li X. Enzalutamide-induced and PTH1R-mediated TGFBR2 degradation in osteoblasts confers resistance in prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:170-178. [PMID: 34752846 PMCID: PMC9669895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzalutamide resistance has been observed in approximately 50% of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and develop strategies to overcome resistance. We observed enzalutamide resistance in bone lesion development induced by PCa cells in mouse models. We found that the bone microenvironment was indispensable for enzalutamide resistance because enzalutamide significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous C4-2B tumors and the proliferation of C4-2B cells isolated from the bone lesions, and the resistance was recapitulated only when C4-2B cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts. In revealing how osteoblasts contribute to enzalutamide resistance, we found that enzalutamide decreased TGFBR2 protein expression in osteoblasts, which was supported by clinical data. This decrease was possibly through PTH1R-mediated endocytosis. We showed that PTH1R blockade rescued enzalutamide-mediated decrease in TGFBR2 levels and enzalutamide responses in C4-2B cells that were co-cultured with osteoblasts. This is the first study to reveal the contribution of the bone microenvironment to enzalutamide resistance and identify PTH1R as a feasible target to overcome the resistance in PCa bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Su
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614
| | - Jingchen Cao
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Alexandra Vander Ark
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Erica Woodford
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Reian Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Isabelle Stiver
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Zachary B. Madaj
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Megan J. Bowman
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Ball Horticultural Company, West Chicago, IL, 60185
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503
| | - Haiquan Yu
- Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503;,Current address: Department of Cancer Biology, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614;,Corresponding author: Xiaohong Li, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH 43614. Phone: +1-419-383-3982;
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26
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Zhu Z, Cao Y, Liu L, Zhao Z, Yin H, Wang H. Atorvastatin regulates the migration and invasion of prostate cancer through the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and matrix metalloproteinase pathways. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:350-358. [PMID: 35534220 PMCID: PMC9091829 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our purpose was to verify the effects of atorvastatin (ATO) on prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis and to further explore the drug’s mechanism of action. Materials and Methods We used cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and clone formation experiments to study the effect of ATO on the proliferation of PC3 cells. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were detected through wound healing experiments and transwell experiments. Western blotting was applied to detect apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, Bcl-2, PARP, and Caspase-3), epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) proteins, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. A mouse xenograft tumor model was established, and tumor volume and weight were determined. The expression levels of the above-mentioned proteins were determined through western blot. Results ATO inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. ATO significantly up-regulated the expression of BAX, PARP, and Caspase-3 and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2. Wound healing and transwell experiments showed that ATO inhibited invasion and metastasis in PC-3 cells, possibly because ATO could inhibit the EMT and the expression of MMPs in PC-3 cells. Studies in nude mice showed that ATO significantly reduced tumor volume and weight; the expression levels of related proteins were consistent with the in vitro results. Conclusions ATO inhibits the occurrence and development of PCa and regulates the migration and invasion of PCa cells by inhibiting the EMT and MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanmeng Zhu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhao
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Yin
- Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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27
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Xiao L, Parolia A, Qiao Y, Bawa P, Eyunni S, Mannan R, Carson SE, Chang Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Vo JN, Kregel S, Simko SA, Delekta AD, Jaber M, Zheng H, Apel IJ, McMurry L, Su F, Wang R, Zelenka-Wang S, Sasmal S, Khare L, Mukherjee S, Abbineni C, Aithal K, Bhakta MS, Ghurye J, Cao X, Navone NM, Nesvizhskii AI, Mehra R, Vaishampayan U, Blanchette M, Wang Y, Samajdar S, Ramachandra M, Chinnaiyan AM. Targeting SWI/SNF ATPases in enhancer-addicted prostate cancer. Nature 2022; 601:434-439. [PMID: 34937944 PMCID: PMC8770127 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex has a crucial role in chromatin remodelling1 and is altered in over 20% of cancers2,3. Here we developed a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader of the SWI/SNF ATPase subunits, SMARCA2 and SMARCA4, called AU-15330. Androgen receptor (AR)+ forkhead box A1 (FOXA1)+ prostate cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive to dual SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 degradation relative to normal and other cancer cell lines. SWI/SNF ATPase degradation rapidly compacts cis-regulatory elements bound by transcription factors that drive prostate cancer cell proliferation, namely AR, FOXA1, ERG and MYC, which dislodges them from chromatin, disables their core enhancer circuitry, and abolishes the downstream oncogenic gene programs. SWI/SNF ATPase degradation also disrupts super-enhancer and promoter looping interactions that wire supra-physiologic expression of the AR, FOXA1 and MYC oncogenes themselves. AU-15330 induces potent inhibition of tumour growth in xenograft models of prostate cancer and synergizes with the AR antagonist enzalutamide, even inducing disease remission in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) models without toxicity. Thus, impeding SWI/SNF-mediated enhancer accessibility represents a promising therapeutic approach for enhancer-addicted cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbo Xiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sanjana Eyunni
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandra E Carson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Chang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Josh N Vo
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven Kregel
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie A Simko
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Delekta
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mustapha Jaber
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heng Zheng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ingrid J Apel
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa McMurry
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fengyun Su
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sylvia Zelenka-Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sanjita Sasmal
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Electronic City Phase II, Bangalore, India
| | - Leena Khare
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Electronic City Phase II, Bangalore, India
| | - Subhendu Mukherjee
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Electronic City Phase II, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kiran Aithal
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Electronic City Phase II, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Jay Ghurye
- Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, CA, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Department of Internal Medicine/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Susanta Samajdar
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Electronic City Phase II, Bangalore, India
| | - Murali Ramachandra
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Electronic City Phase II, Bangalore, India
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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28
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Li J, Wang Z, Tie C. High expression of ladinin-1 (LAD1) predicts adverse outcomes: a new candidate docetaxel resistance gene for prostatic cancer (PCa). Bioengineered 2021; 12:5749-5759. [PMID: 34516317 PMCID: PMC8806705 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1968647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel resistance is one of the major obstacles that undermine the treatment outcome of PCa. Exploring molecular mechanisms associated with docetaxel resistance could provide insights into the formulation of novel strategies enhancing the efficacy of PCa treatment. Ladinin-1 (LAD1) is an anchoring filament protein in basement membranes, which contributes to the association of the epithelial cells with the underlying mesenchyme. LAD1 has been implicated in the progression of different cancers. However, its role in PCa remains to be investigated. In the present study, we found that LAD1 was highly expressed in docetaxel-resistant PCa cells, while its expression was significantly suppressed in tumor samples after docetaxel treatment. Moreover, the expression level of LAD1 in PCa tissues was significantly higher than that of normal tissue, and high expression level of LAD1 was significantly associated with adverse outcomes of PCa patients. Finally, high expression of LAD1 in PCa tissue was also correlated with the expression level of genes involving in tumor cell proliferation and invasive behaviors. Collectively, our data suggest that LAD1 may serve as a potential prognostic factor in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chong Tie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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29
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Cotter KA, Gallon J, Uebersax N, Rubin P, Meyer KD, Piscuoglio S, Jaffrey SR, Rubin MA. Mapping of m 6A and Its Regulatory Targets in Prostate Cancer Reveals a METTL3-Low Induction of Therapy Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1398-1411. [PMID: 34088870 PMCID: PMC8349875 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has highlighted the role of N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) in the regulation of mRNA expression, stability, and translation, supporting a potential role for posttranscriptional regulation mediated by m6A in cancer. Here, we explore prostate cancer as an exemplar and demonstrate that low levels of N 6-adenosine-methyltransferase (METTL3) is associated with advanced metastatic disease. To investigate this relationship, we generated the first prostate m6A maps, and further examined how METTL3 regulates expression at the level of transcription, translation, and protein. Significantly, transcripts encoding extracellular matrix proteins are consistently upregulated with METTL3 knockdown. We also examined the relationship between METTL3 and androgen signaling and discovered the upregulation of a hepatocyte nuclear factor-driven gene signature that is associated with therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Significantly, METTL3 knockdown rendered the cells resistant to androgen receptor antagonists via an androgen receptor-independent mechanism driven by the upregulation of nuclear receptor NR5A2/LRH-1. IMPLICATIONS: These findings implicate changes in m6A as a mechanism for therapy resistance in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Cotter
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Uebersax
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kate D Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Schmidt KT, Chau CH, Strope JD, Huitema ADR, Sissung TM, Price DK, Figg WD. Antitumor Activity of NLG207 (Formerly CRLX101) in Combination with Enzalutamide in Preclinical Prostate Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:915-924. [PMID: 33632874 PMCID: PMC8102325 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatments for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following disease progression on enzalutamide are currently an unmet clinical need. Simultaneous inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and androgen receptor (AR) pathways has been previously shown to overcome enzalutamide resistance in vitro Combination treatment with NLG207, a nanoparticle-drug conjugate of camptothecin and inhibitor of HIF-1α, and enzalutamide was evaluated in preclinical prostate cancer models of enzalutamide resistance. The effect of NLG207 and enzalutamide on average tumor volume and tumor re-growth after 3 weeks of treatment was evaluated in vivo using the subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenograft and castrated subcutaneous VCaP xenograft models. Correlative assessments of antitumor activity were evaluated in vitro using cell proliferation and qPCR assays. NLG207 8 mg/kg alone and in combination with enzalutamide reduced average tumor volume by 93% after 3 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05) in comparison with vehicle control in the subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenograft model. Notably, the addition of NLG207 also enhanced the efficacy of enzalutamide alone in the castrated subcutaneous VCaP xenograft model, decreasing the median rate of tumor growth by 51% (P = 0.0001) in comparison with enzalutamide alone. In vitro assessments of cell proliferation and gene expression further demonstrated antitumor activity via AR-HIF-1α crosstalk inhibition. Combination treatment with NLG207 and enzalutamide was shown to be effective in preclinical prostate cancer models of enzalutamide resistance. Clinical investigation of this treatment combination is ongoing (NCT03531827).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Schmidt
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cindy H Chau
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan D Strope
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan M Sissung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas K Price
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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31
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Hoshi S, Meguro S, Imai H, Matsuoka Y, Yoshida Y, Onagi A, Tanji R, Honda-Takinami R, Matsuoka K, Koguchi T, Hata J, Sato Y, Akaihata H, Kataoka M, Ogawa S, Kojima Y. Upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated glucose transporter 4 in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1899-1910. [PMID: 33619826 PMCID: PMC8088914 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide (Enz) is a second‐generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) therapy, and it prolongs survival time in these patients. However, during Enz treatment, CRPC patients usually acquire resistance to Enz and often show cross‐resistance to other AR signaling inhibitors. Although glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is involved in this resistance, the role of GR has not yet been clarified. Here, we report that chronic Enz treatment induced GR‐mediated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) upregulation, and that upregulation was associated with resistance to Enz and other AR signaling inhibitors. Additionally, inhibition of GLUT4 suppressed cell proliferation in Enz‐resistant prostate cancer cells, which recovered from Enz resistance and cross‐resistance without changes in GR expression. Thus, a combination of Enz and a GLUT4 inhibitor could be useful in Enz‐resistant CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hoshi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Meguro
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitomi Imai
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihumi Onagi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanji
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ruriko Honda-Takinami
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Kataoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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32
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Devlies W, Handle F, Devos G, Joniau S, Claessens F. Preclinical Models in Prostate Cancer: Resistance to AR Targeting Therapies in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:915. [PMID: 33671614 PMCID: PMC7926818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an androgen-driven tumor. Different prostate cancer therapies consequently focus on blocking the androgen receptor pathway. Clinical studies reported tumor resistance mechanisms by reactivating and bypassing the androgen pathway. Preclinical models allowed the identification, confirmation, and thorough study of these pathways. This review looks into the current and future role of preclinical models to understand resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies. Increasing knowledge on this resistance will greatly improve insights into tumor pathophysiology and future treatment strategies in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Devlies
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Florian Handle
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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33
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Li F, Han M, Dai P, Xu W, He J, Tao X, Wu Y, Tong X, Xia X, Guo W, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Aji R, Cai X, Li Y, Qu D, Chen Y, Jiang S, Wang Q, Ji H, Xie Y, Sun Y, Lu L, Gao D. Distinct mechanisms for TMPRSS2 expression explain organ-specific inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enzalutamide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:866. [PMID: 33558541 PMCID: PMC7870838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly become a global public health threat. The efficacy of several repurposed drugs has been evaluated in clinical trials. Among these drugs, a second-generation antiandrogen agent, enzalutamide, was proposed because it reduces the expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a key component mediating SARS-CoV-2-driven entry, in prostate cancer cells. However, definitive evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of enzalutamide in COVID-19 is lacking. Here, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells, lung cancer cells, human lung organoids and Ad-ACE2-transduced mice. Tmprss2 knockout significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. Enzalutamide effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in human prostate cells, however, such antiviral efficacy was lacking in human lung cells and organoids. Accordingly, enzalutamide showed no antiviral activity due to the AR-independent TMPRSS2 expression in mouse and human lung epithelial cells. Moreover, we observed distinct AR binding patterns between prostate cells and lung cells and a lack of direct binding of AR to TMPRSS2 regulatory locus in human lung cells. Thus, our findings do not support the postulated protective role of enzalutamide in treating COVID-19 through reducing TMPRSS2 expression in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoting Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wangxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yiqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rebiguli Aji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yutang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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34
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Mangosh TL, Awadallah WN, Grabowska MM, Taylor DJ. SLX4IP Promotes Telomere Maintenance in Androgen Receptor-Independent Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer through ALT-like Telomeric PML Localization. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:301-316. [PMID: 33188147 PMCID: PMC8086381 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In advanced prostate cancer, resistance to androgen deprivation therapy is achieved through numerous mechanisms, including loss of the androgen receptor (AR) allowing for AR-independent growth. Therapeutic options are limited for AR-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and defining mechanisms critical for survival is of utmost importance for targeting this lethal disease. Our studies focus on identifying telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) hallmarks adopted by CRPC to promote survival. TMMs are responsible for telomere elongation to instill replicative immortality and prevent senescence, with the two TMM pathways available being telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Here, we show that AR-independent CRPC demonstrates an atypical ALT-like phenotype with variable telomerase expression and activity, whereas AR-dependent models lack discernible ALT hallmarks. In addition, AR-independent CRPC cells exhibited elevated levels of SLX4IP, a protein implicated in promoting ALT. SLX4IP overexpression in AR-dependent C4-2B cells promoted an ALT-like phenotype and telomere maintenance. SLX4IP knockdown in AR-independent DU145 and PC-3 cells led to ALT-like hallmark reduction, telomere shortening, and induction of senescence. In PC-3 xenografts, this effect translated to reduced tumor volume. Using an in vitro model of AR-independent progression, loss of AR in AR-dependent C4-2B cells promoted an atypical ALT-like phenotype in an SLX4IP-dependent manner. Insufficient SLX4IP expression diminished ALT-like hallmarks and resulted in accelerated telomere loss and senescence. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates a unique reliance of AR-independent CRPC on SLX4IP-mediated ALT-like hallmarks and loss of these hallmarks induces telomere shortening and senescence, thereby impairing replicative immortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawna L Mangosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wisam N Awadallah
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Magdalena M Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Derek J Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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35
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El‐Shimy IA, Mohamed MMA, Hasan SS, Hadi MA. Targeting host cell proteases as a potential treatment strategy to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00698. [PMID: 33369210 PMCID: PMC7758277 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the death toll of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) continues to rise worldwide, it is imperative to explore novel molecular mechanisms for targeting SARS-CoV-2. Rather than looking for drugs that directly interact with key viral proteins inhibiting its replication, an alternative and possibly add-on approach is to dismantle the host cell machinery that enables the virus to infect the host cell and spread from one cell to another. Excellent examples of such machinery are host cell proteases whose role in viral pathogenesis has been demonstrated in numerous coronaviruses. In this review, we propose two therapeutic modalities to tackle SARS-CoV-2 infections; the first is to transcriptionally modulate the expression of cellular proteases and their endogenous inhibitors and the second is to directly inhibit their enzymatic activity. We present a nonexhaustive collection of clinically investigated drugs that act by one of these mechanisms and thus represent promising candidates for preclinical in vitro testing and hopefully clinical testing in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail A. El‐Shimy
- Integrative Research Institute (IRI) for Life SciencesHumboldt University BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute of PathologyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Muhammad A. Hadi
- School of PharmacyCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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36
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Maitland NJ. Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:327. [PMID: 33477370 PMCID: PMC7829888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months. Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes, and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive cancer. The timing and mechanisms of cell death after ADT for prostate cancer are not well understood, and off-target effects after long-term ADT due to functional extra-prostatic expression of the androgen receptor protein are now increasingly being recorded. Our knowledge of how these widely used treatments fail at a biological level in patients is deficient. In this review, I will discuss whether there are pre-existing drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass, or whether resistance is induced/selected by the ADT. Equally, what is the cell of origin of this resistance, and does it differ from the treatment-naïve tumor cells by differentiation or dedifferentiation? Conflicting evidence also emerges from studies in the range of biological systems and species employed to answer this key question. It is only by improving our understanding of this aspect of treatment and not simply devising another new means of androgen inhibition that we can improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Maitland
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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37
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Kohrt SE, Awadallah WN, Phillips RA, Case TC, Jin R, Nanda JS, Yu X, Clark PE, Yi Y, Matusik RJ, Anderson PD, Grabowska MM. Identification of Genes Required for Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:398-409. [PMID: 33298586 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer can be treated with the antiandrogen enzalutamide, but responses and duration of response are variable. To identify genes that support enzalutamide resistance, we performed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in the bone-homing, castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B. We identified 11 genes (TFAP2C, CAD, SPDEF, EIF6, GABRG2, CDC37, PSMD12, COL5A2, AR, MAP3K11, and ACAT1) whose loss resulted in decreased cell survival in response to enzalutamide. To validate our screen, we performed transient knockdowns in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells and evaluated cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Through these studies, we validated three genes (ACAT1, MAP3K11, and PSMD12) as supporters of enzalutamide resistance in vitro Although ACAT1 expression is lower in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer samples versus primary prostate cancer samples, knockdown of ACAT1 was sufficient to reduce cell survival in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells. MAP3K11 expression increases with Gleason grade, and the highest expression is observed in metastatic castration-resistant disease. Knockdown of MAP3K11 reduced cell survival, and pharmacologic inhibition of MAP3K11 with CEP-1347 in combination with enzalutamide resulted in a dramatic increase in cell death. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AR-Serine650, which is required for maximal AR activation. Finally, although PSMD12 expression did not change during disease progression, knockdown of PSMD12 resulted in decreased AR and AR splice variant expression, likely contributing to the C4-2B and 22Rv1 decrease in cell survival. Our study has therefore identified at least three new supporters of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kohrt
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wisam N Awadallah
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Thomas C Case
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jagpreet S Nanda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Center/Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Yajun Yi
- Quality, Safety and Risk Prevention, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Magdalena M Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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38
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Tran TT, Song CH, Kim KJ, Lee K. A new compound targets the AF-1 of androgen receptor and decreases its activity and protein levels in prostate cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4607-4623. [PMID: 33415022 PMCID: PMC7783748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression levels of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs) cause alterations in AR signaling, resulting in drug resistance and failed hormone therapy among patients with advanced prostate cancers. Several available compounds targeting the androgen axis and AR signaling have not demonstrated efficacy in preventing prostate cancer recurrence. Here, we investigated whether a new agent, 6-[6-ethoxy-5-ispropoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2[1H)-yl]-N-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]nicotinamide (EIQPN), has the potential for treating advanced prostate cancer. EIQPN interacted with the AR-activation fragment-1 (AF-1) domain and blocked its androgen-independent activity, robustly decreased the protein levels of AR and variants in prostate cancer cells by inducing AR protein degradation, and inhibited the androgen-independent proliferation of various AR-positive prostate cancer cells. In xenograft mouse models, EIQPN blocked the tumor growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Overall, these findings indicate that EIQPN could serve as a novel therapeutic agent for advanced recurrent prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Thanh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
| | - Keesook Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University Gwangju, Korea
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39
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Henrich SE, McMahon KM, Plebanek MP, Calvert AE, Feliciano TJ, Parrish S, Tavora F, Mega A, De Souza A, Carneiro BA, Thaxton CS. Prostate cancer extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication with bone marrow cells and promote metastasis in a cholesterol-dependent manner. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12042. [PMID: 33408816 PMCID: PMC7775568 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary tumours can establish long-range communication with distant organs to transform them into fertile soil for circulating tumour cells to implant and proliferate, a process called pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) are potent mediators of PMN formation due to their diverse complement of pro-malignant molecular cargo and their propensity to target specific cell types (Costa-Silva et al., 2015; Hoshino et al., 2015; Peinado et al., 2012; Peinado et al., 2017). While significant progress has been made to understand the mechanisms by which pro-metastatic EVs create tumour-favouring microenvironments at pre-metastatic organ sites, comparatively little attention has been paid to the factors intrinsic to recipient cells that may modify the extent to which pro-metastatic EV signalling is received and transduced. Here, we investigated the role of recipient cell cholesterol homeostasis in prostate cancer (PCa) EV-mediated signalling and metastasis. Using a bone metastatic model of enzalutamide-resistant PCa, we first characterized an axis of EV-mediated communication between PCa cells and bone marrow that is marked by in vitro and in vivo PCa EV uptake by bone marrow myeloid cells, activation of NF-κB signalling, enhanced osteoclast differentiation, and reduced myeloid thrombospondin-1 expression. We then employed a targeted, biomimetic approach to reduce myeloid cell cholesterol in vitro and in vivo prior to conditioning with PCa EVs. Reducing myeloid cell cholesterol prevented the uptake of PCa EVs by recipient myeloid cells, abolished NF-κB activity and osteoclast differentiation, stabilized thrombospondin-1 expression, and reduced metastatic burden by 77%. These results demonstrate that cholesterol homeostasis in bone marrow myeloid cells regulates pro-metastatic EV signalling and metastasis by acting as a gatekeeper for EV signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Henrich
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kaylin M. McMahon
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael P. Plebanek
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrea E. Calvert
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Timothy J. Feliciano
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samuel Parrish
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Department of PathologyMessejana Heart and Lung HospitalFortalezaBrazil
| | - Anthony Mega
- Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Andre De Souza
- Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Benedito A. Carneiro
- Warren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Lifespan Cancer InstituteProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - C. Shad Thaxton
- Department of UrologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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40
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RNA-binding protein DDX3 mediates posttranscriptional regulation of androgen receptor: A mechanism of castration resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28092-28101. [PMID: 33106406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008479117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) driven by androgen receptor (AR) is treated with androgen deprivation; however, therapy failure results in lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). AR-low/negative (ARL/-) CRPC subtypes have recently been characterized and cannot be targeted by hormonal therapies, resulting in poor prognosis. RNA-binding protein (RBP)/helicase DDX3 (DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked) is a key component of stress granules (SG) and is postulated to affect protein translation. Here, we investigated DDX3-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of AR mRNA (messenger RNA) in CRPC. Using patient samples and preclinical models, we objectively quantified DDX3 and AR expression in ARL/- CRPC. We utilized CRPC models to identify DDX3:AR mRNA complexes by RNA immunoprecipitation, assess the effects of DDX3 gain/loss-of-function on AR expression and signaling, and address clinical implications of targeting DDX3 by assessing sensitivity to AR-signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in CRPC xenografts in vivo. ARL/- CRPC expressed abundant AR mRNA despite diminished levels of AR protein. DDX3 protein was highly expressed in ARL/- CRPC, where it bound to AR mRNA. Consistent with a repressive regulatory role, DDX3 localized to cytoplasmic puncta with SG marker PABP1 in CRPC. While induction of DDX3-nucleated SGs resulted in decreased AR protein expression, inhibiting DDX3 was sufficient to restore 1) AR protein expression, 2) AR signaling, and 3) sensitivity to ARSI in vitro and in vivo. Our findings implicate the RBP protein DDX3 as a mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation for AR in CRPC. Clinically, DDX3 may be targetable for sensitizing ARL/- CRPC to AR-directed therapies.
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Seki M, Kajiwara D, Mizutani H, Minamiguchi K. Analysis of novel enzalutamide-resistant cells: upregulation of testis-specific Y-encoded protein gene promotes the expression of androgen receptor splicing variant 7. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:6232-6245. [PMID: 35117234 PMCID: PMC8798816 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Enzalutamide, a second-generation antiandrogen, is an approved medicine for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, the mechanisms behind the resistance are not completely understood. In the present study, we established enzalutamide-resistant cells derived from lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cells and characterized their androgen receptor (AR) status and changes in the gene expression with an aim to elucidate these mechanisms. Methods SAS MDV No. 3–14 enzalutamide-resistant cells were established from LNCaP xenograft castrated male mice under continuous administration of enzalutamide. Then, the AR status and expression of AR target genes were evaluated by western blotting or real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The role of AR in the proliferation was also analyzed using the AR siRNA approach. The gene expression profiling in SAS MDV No. 3–14 cells was evaluated by microarray analysis. The role of testis-specific Y-encoded protein (TSPY), one of the upregulated genes, in the expression of AR and AR target genes and cell growth was also verified using siRNA. Results SAS MDV No. 3–14 cells expressed AR-v7, leading to the increased expression of AR target genes. Gene silencing of AR showed that both AR-FL and AR-v7 function as proliferative drivers in SAS MDV No. 3–14 cells. Microarray analysis revealed that TSPY is upregulated genes in these cells. TSPY siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, decreased the expression of AR-v7 and AR-v7 targeted genes. Conclusions This study demonstrated that SAS MDV No. 3–14 cells increase the expression of AR-v7 by upregulating TSPY, leading to acquired resistance to enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Seki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kajiwara
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroya Mizutani
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Minamiguchi
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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42
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Kregel S, Bagamasbad P, He S, LaPensee E, Raji Y, Brogley M, Chinnaiyan A, Cieslik M, Robins DM. Differential modulation of the androgen receptor for prostate cancer therapy depends on the DNA response element. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4741-4755. [PMID: 32198885 PMCID: PMC7229860 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) action is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa) with androgen deprivation being standard therapy. Yet, resistance arises and aberrant AR signaling promotes disease. We sought compounds that inhibited genes driving cancer but not normal growth and hypothesized that genes with consensus androgen response elements (cAREs) drive proliferation but genes with selective elements (sAREs) promote differentiation. In a high-throughput promoter-dependent drug screen, doxorubicin (dox) exhibited this ability, acting on DNA rather than AR. This dox effect was observed at low doses for multiple AR target genes in multiple PCa cell lines and also occurred in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that low dox downregulated cell cycle genes while high dox upregulated DNA damage response genes. In chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays with low dox, AR binding to sARE-containing enhancers increased, whereas AR was lost from cAREs. Further, ChIP-seq analysis revealed a subset of genes for which AR binding in low dox increased at pre-existing sites that included sites for prostate-specific factors such as FOXA1. AR dependence on cofactors at sAREs may be the basis for differential modulation by dox that preserves expression of genes for survival but not cancer progression. Repurposing of dox may provide unique opportunities for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kregel
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pia Bagamasbad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shihan He
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth LaPensee
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yemi Raji
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michele Brogley
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arul Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Medicine and Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diane M Robins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Erb HHH, Bodenbender J, Handle F, Diehl T, Donix L, Tsaur I, Gleave M, Haferkamp A, Huber J, Fuessel S, Juengel E, Culig Z, Thomas C. Assessment of STAT5 as a potential therapy target in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237248. [PMID: 32790723 PMCID: PMC7425943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enzalutamide's efficacy in delaying the progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resistance to this anti-androgen inevitably occurs. Several studies have revealed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 plays a role in tumour progression and development of drug resistance such as enzalutamide. Data mining revealed heterogeneous expression of STAT5 in enzalutamide-treated mCRPC patients and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Isobologram analysis revealed that the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide combined with enzalutamide has? additive and synergistic inhibitory effects on cell viability in the used models. Functional analysis with siRNA-mediated STAT5 knockdown yielded divergent results. The LNCaP-derived cell line MR49F could be resensitised to enzalutamide by siRNA-mediated STAT5b-knock-down. In contrast, neither STAT5a nor STAT5b knockdown resensitised enzalutamide-resistant LAPC4-EnzaR cells to enzalutamide. In conclusion, our results indicate that STAT5 may be a possible target in a subgroup of enzalutamide-resistant PCa. However, based on the data presented here, a general role of STAT5 in enzalutamide-resistance and its potential as a therapeutic target could not be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Bodenbender
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Handle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tamara Diehl
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Donix
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Huber
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tousignant KD, Rockstroh A, Poad BLJ, Talebi A, Young RSE, Taherian Fard A, Gupta R, Zang T, Wang C, Lehman ML, Swinnen JV, Blanksby SJ, Nelson CC, Sadowski MC. Therapy-induced lipid uptake and remodeling underpin ferroptosis hypersensitivity in prostate cancer. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32577235 PMCID: PMC7304214 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprograming, non-mutational epigenetic changes, increased cell plasticity, and multidrug tolerance are early hallmarks of therapy resistance in cancer. In this temporary, therapy-tolerant state, cancer cells are highly sensitive to ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is caused by oxidative stress through excess levels of iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, mechanisms underpinning therapy-induced ferroptosis hypersensitivity remain to be elucidated. Methods We used quantitative single-cell imaging of fluorescent metabolic probes, transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics to perform a longitudinal analysis of the adaptive response to androgen receptor-targeted therapies (androgen deprivation and enzalutamide) in prostate cancer (PCa). Results We discovered that cessation of cell proliferation and a robust reduction in bioenergetic processes were associated with multidrug tolerance and a strong accumulation of lipids. The gain in lipid biomass was fueled by enhanced lipid uptake through cargo non-selective (macropinocytosis, tunneling nanotubes) and cargo-selective mechanisms (lipid transporters), whereas de novo lipid synthesis was strongly reduced. Enzalutamide induced extensive lipid remodeling of all major phospholipid classes at the expense of storage lipids, leading to increased desaturation and acyl chain length of membrane lipids. The rise in membrane PUFA levels enhanced membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation, causing hypersensitivity to glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) inhibition and ferroptosis. Combination treatments against AR and fatty acid desaturation, lipase activities, or growth medium supplementation with antioxidants or PUFAs altered GPX4 dependence. Conclusions Our work provides mechanistic insight into processes of lipid metabolism that underpin the acquisition of therapy-induced GPX4 dependence and ferroptosis hypersensitivity to standard of care therapies in PCa. It demonstrates novel strategies to suppress the therapy-tolerant state that may have potential to delay and combat resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies, a currently unmet clinical challenge of advanced PCa. Since enhanced GPX4 dependence is an adaptive phenotype shared by several types of cancer in response to different therapies, our work might have universal implications for our understanding of metabolic events that underpin resistance to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylyn D Tousignant
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Talebi
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tuo Zang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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VanOpstall C, Perike S, Brechka H, Gillard M, Lamperis S, Zhu B, Brown R, Bhanvadia R, Vander Griend DJ. MEIS-mediated suppression of human prostate cancer growth and metastasis through HOXB13-dependent regulation of proteoglycans. eLife 2020; 9:e53600. [PMID: 32553107 PMCID: PMC7371429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular roles of HOX transcriptional activity in human prostate epithelial cells remain unclear, impeding the implementation of new treatment strategies for cancer prevention and therapy. MEIS proteins are transcription factors that bind and direct HOX protein activity. MEIS proteins are putative tumor suppressors that are frequently silenced in aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Here we show that MEIS1 expression is sufficient to decrease proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo murine xenograft models. HOXB13 deletion demonstrates that the tumor-suppressive activity of MEIS1 is dependent on HOXB13. Integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed direct and HOXB13-dependent regulation of proteoglycans including decorin (DCN) as a mechanism of MEIS1-driven tumor suppression. These results define and underscore the importance of MEIS1-HOXB13 transcriptional regulation in suppressing prostate cancer progression and provide a mechanistic framework for the investigation of HOXB13 mutants and oncogenic cofactors when MEIS1/2 are silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin VanOpstall
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Srikanth Perike
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Hannah Brechka
- The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Marc Gillard
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Sophia Lamperis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Baizhen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Raj Bhanvadia
- Department of Urology, UT SouthwesternDallasUnited States
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Blomme A, Ford CA, Mui E, Patel R, Ntala C, Jamieson LE, Planque M, McGregor GH, Peixoto P, Hervouet E, Nixon C, Salji M, Gaughan L, Markert E, Repiscak P, Sumpton D, Blanco GR, Lilla S, Kamphorst JJ, Graham D, Faulds K, MacKay GM, Fendt SM, Zanivan S, Leung HY. 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase regulates lipid homeostasis in treatment-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2508. [PMID: 32427840 PMCID: PMC7237503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of Androgen Receptor (AR)-targeted therapies, reactivation of AR signalling remains the main driver of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. In this study, we perform a comprehensive unbiased characterisation of LNCaP cells chronically exposed to multiple AR inhibitors (ARI). Combined proteomics and metabolomics analyses implicate an acquired metabolic phenotype common in ARI-resistant cells and associated with perturbed glucose and lipid metabolism. To exploit this phenotype, we delineate a subset of proteins consistently associated with ARI resistance and highlight mitochondrial 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR1), an auxiliary enzyme of beta-oxidation, as a clinically relevant biomarker for CRPC. Mechanistically, DECR1 participates in redox homeostasis by controlling the balance between saturated and unsaturated phospholipids. DECR1 knockout induces ER stress and sensitises CRPC cells to ferroptosis. In vivo, DECR1 deletion impairs lipid metabolism and reduces CRPC tumour growth, emphasizing the importance of DECR1 in the development of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Blomme
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Catriona A Ford
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ernest Mui
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Rachana Patel
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Chara Ntala
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lauren E Jamieson
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Grace H McGregor
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
- EPIGENExp (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
- DIMACELL Dispositif Interrégional d'Imagerie Cellulaire, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Hervouet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, 25000, Besançon, France
- EPIGENExp (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
- DIMACELL Dispositif Interrégional d'Imagerie Cellulaire, Dijon, France
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mark Salji
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elke Markert
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Repiscak
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
| | - Gillian M MacKay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Preclinical Study Using ABT263 to Increase Enzalutamide Sensitivity to Suppress Prostate Cancer Progression Via Targeting BCL2/ROS/USP26 Axis Through Altering ARv7 Protein Degradation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040831. [PMID: 32235588 PMCID: PMC7226306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The recently developed antiandrogen, Enzalutamide (Enz), has reformed the standard of care for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, Enz-resistance inevitably emerges despite success of Enz in prolonging CRPC patients’ survival. Here we found that Enz-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cells had higher BCL2 expression. We aimed to test whether targeting BCL2 would influence Enz sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) and identify the potential mechanism. Methods: The study was designed to target Enz-induced BCL2 with inhibitor ABT263 and test Enz sensitivity in Enz-resistant PCa cells by MTT assay. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected with dihydroethidium staining, and in vitro deubiquitinating enzyme activity assay was used to evaluate ubiquitin specific protease 26 (USP26) activity. Results: ABT263 could increase Enz sensitivity in both Enz-sensitive and Enz-resistant PCa cells via inducing ROS generation. Elevated cellular ROS levels might then inhibit USP26 activity to increase the ubiquitination of androgen receptor (AR) and AR splice variant 7 (ARv7) and their ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation, which contributed to the increase of Enz sensitivity. In vivo mouse model also demonstrates that ABT263 will suppress the PCa progression. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that targeting Enz-induced BCL2 with inhibitor ABT263 could increase Enz sensitivity in both Enz-sensitive and Enz-resistant PCa cells through induction of cellular ROS levels and suppression of USP26 activity with a consequent increase of ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of AR and ARv7 protein expression.
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Cerasuolo M, Maccarinelli F, Coltrini D, Mahmoud AM, Marolda V, Ghedini GC, Rezzola S, Giacomini A, Triggiani L, Kostrzewa M, Verde R, Paris D, Melck D, Presta M, Ligresti A, Ronca R. Modeling Acquired Resistance to the Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Antagonist Enzalutamide in the TRAMP Model of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1564-1577. [PMID: 32029552 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is a potent second-generation androgen receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in chemotherapy-naïve as well as in patients previously exposed to chemotherapy. However, resistance to enzalutamide and enzalutamide withdrawal syndrome have been reported. Thus, reliable and integrated preclinical models are required to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance and to assess therapeutic settings that may delay or prevent the onset of resistance. In this study, the prostate cancer multistage murine model TRAMP and TRAMP-derived cells have been used to extensively characterize in vitro and in vivo the response and resistance to enzalutamide. The therapeutic profile as well as the resistance onset were characterized and a multiscale stochastic mathematical model was proposed to link the in vitro and in vivo evolution of prostate cancer. The model showed that all therapeutic strategies that use enzalutamide result in the onset of resistance. The model also showed that combination therapies can delay the onset of resistance to enzalutamide, and in the best scenario, can eliminate the disease. These results set the basis for the exploitation of this "TRAMP-based platform" to test novel therapeutic approaches and build further mathematical models of combination therapies to treat prostate cancer and CRPC.Significance: Merging mathematical modeling with experimental data, this study presents the "TRAMP-based platform" as a novel experimental tool to study the in vitro and in vivo evolution of prostate cancer resistance to enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Cerasuolo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ali Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Marolda
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gaia Cristina Ghedini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Triggiani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Dominique Melck
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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49
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Kregel S, Wang C, Han X, Xiao L, Fernandez-Salas E, Bawa P, McCollum BL, Wilder-Romans K, Apel IJ, Cao X, Speers C, Wang S, Chinnaiyan AM. Androgen receptor degraders overcome common resistance mechanisms developed during prostate cancer treatment. Neoplasia 2020; 22:111-119. [PMID: 31931431 PMCID: PMC6957805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, such as enzalutamide, have had a major impact on the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, even with the advent of AR antagonist therapies, patients continue to develop resistance, and new strategies to combat continued AR signalling are needed. Here, we develop AR degraders using PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeric (PROTAC) technology in order to determine whether depletion of AR protein can overcome mechanisms of resistance commonly associated with current AR-targeting therapies. ARD-61 is the most potent of the AR degraders and effectively induces on-target AR degradation with a mechanism consistent with the PROTAC design. Compared to clinically-approved AR antagonists, administration of ARD-61 in vitro and in vivo results in more potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic effects and attenuation of downstream AR target gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that ARD-61 functions in enzalutamide-resistant model systems, characterized by diverse proposed mechanisms of resistance that include AR amplification/overexpression, AR mutation, and expression of AR splice variants, such as AR-V7. While AR degraders are unable to bind and degrade AR-V7, they continue to inhibit tumor cell growth in models overexpressing AR-V7. To further explore this, we developed several isogenic prostate cell line models in which AR-V7 is highly expressed, which also failed to influence the cell inhibitory effects of AR degraders, suggesting that AR-V7 is not a functional resistance mechanism for AR antagonism. These data provide compelling evidence that full-length AR remains a prominent oncogenic driver of prostate cancers which have developed resistance to AR antagonists and highlight the clinical potential of AR degraders for treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kregel
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Han
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ester Fernandez-Salas
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brooke L McCollum
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ingrid J Apel
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Corey Speers
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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50
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Peak TC, Panigrahi GK, Praharaj P, Su Y, Shi L, Chyr J, Rivera-Chávez J, Flores-Bocanegra L, Singh R, Vander Griend DJ, Oberlies NH, Kerr BA, Hemal A, Bitting RL, Deep G. Syntaxin 6-mediated exosome secretion regulates enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:62-72. [PMID: 31674708 PMCID: PMC6916724 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) deaths are typically the result of metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Recently, enzalutamide (Enz), an oral androgen receptor inhibitor, was approved for treating patients with mCRPC. Invariably, all PCa patients eventually develop resistance against Enz. Therefore, novel strategies aimed at overcoming Enz resistance are needed to improve the survival of PCa patients. The role of exosomes in drug resistance has not been fully elucidated in PCa. Therefore, we set out to better understand the exosome's role in the mechanism underlying Enz-resistant PCa. Results showed that Enz-resistant PCa cells (C4-2B, CWR-R1, and LNCaP) secreted significantly higher amounts of exosomes (2-4 folds) compared to Enz-sensitive counterparts. Inhibition of exosome biogenesis in resistant cells by GW4869 and dimethyl amiloride strongly decreased their cell viability. Mechanistic studies revealed upregulation of syntaxin 6 as well as its increased colocalization with CD63 in Enz-resistant PCa cells compared to Enz-sensitive cells. Syntaxin 6 knockdown by specific small interfering RNAs in Enz-resistant PCa cells (C4-2B and CWR-R1) resulted in reduced cell number and increased cell death in the presence of Enz. Furthermore, syntaxin 6 knockdown significantly reduced the exosome secretion in both Enz-resistant C4-2B and CWR-R1 cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis showed increased syntaxin 6 expressions associated with higher Gleason score and decreased progression-free survival in PCa patients. Importantly, IHC analysis showed higher syntaxin 6 expression in cancer tissues from Enz-treated patients compared to Enz naïve patients. Overall, syntaxin 6 plays an important role in the secretion of exosomes and increased survival of Enz-resistant PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Peak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gati K Panigrahi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Prakash Praharaj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- School of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Urology
| | | | - Rhonda L. Bitting
- Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Urology
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