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Ersoy Z, López-Rodríguez N, Acosta R, Soria M, Gomà J, Gallart F, Múrria C, Latron J, Llorens P, Fortuño P, Quevedo-Ortiz G, Cid N, Prat N, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Bonada N. Evaluating the response of current biotic indices and functional metrics to natural and anthropogenic predictors in disconnected pools of temporary rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174825. [PMID: 39019267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Temporary rivers, forming the majority of river networks worldwide, are key biodiversity hotspots. Despite their great value for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, they are often neglected in biomonitoring programs due to several challenges, such as their variable hydromorphology and the difficulty of establishing reference conditions given their dynamic nature, resulting in highly variable communities. Disconnected pools often form in temporary rivers when flow ceases, providing refuge for aquatic taxa. Given their importance for biodiversity conservation, revising and adapting biotic indices are needed. Here, we evaluate the performance of current biological indices designed for perennial rivers (macroinvertebrates, diatoms) and functional metrics (macroinvertebrates) in assessing biological quality of disconnected pools. We sampled 55 disconnected pools in Catalonia, NE Spain, covering local (e.g., physico-chemical variables, water chemistry) and regional (e.g., human influence, hydrological variables at the water body level) natural and anthropogenic gradients. Only a few macroinvertebrate biotic indices (e.g., family richness, EPT/EPT + OCH and OCH) showed strong responses to anthropogenic predictors and were unaffected by natural predictors at both local and regional scales, making them suitable for biomonitoring. Of the newly adopted functional metrics of macroinvertebrate communities tested, only two (i.e., functional redundancy of predators and response diversity based on the total community) responded strongly to anthropogenic predictors. The rest showed varying responses to the interactive effect of anthropogenic and natural predictors, requiring calibration efforts. Models assessing these metrics explained <40 % of the total variation, likely due to the interplay of colonization/extinction dynamics and density-dependent trophic interactions governing community assemblages in disconnected pools. Although some existing biological metrics could potentially be used to monitor the ecological status of disconnected pools, we call for further development of biomonitoring tools specifically designed for these habitats since they will become more widespread with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ersoy
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nieves López-Rodríguez
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; SHE2 group (Surface Hydrology, Ecology and Erosion), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl Acosta
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; SHE2 group (Surface Hydrology, Ecology and Erosion), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Soria
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre d'Estudis dels Rius Mediterranis - Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Museu del Ter, Manlleu, Catalonia, Spain; Aquatic Ecology Group - Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Gomà
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gallart
- SHE2 group (Surface Hydrology, Ecology and Erosion), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cesc Múrria
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ZooSysEvo (Zoological Systematics and Evolution), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jérôme Latron
- SHE2 group (Surface Hydrology, Ecology and Erosion), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Llorens
- SHE2 group (Surface Hydrology, Ecology and Erosion), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Fortuño
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quevedo-Ortiz
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Cid
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA Marine and Continental Waters Programme, La Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Narcís Prat
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- SHE2 group (Surface Hydrology, Ecology and Erosion), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Bonada
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Pomeranz J, Junker JR, Gjoni V, Wesner JS. Maximum likelihood outperforms binning methods for detecting differences in abundance size spectra across environmental gradients. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:267-280. [PMID: 38167802 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Individual body size distributions (ISD) within communities are remarkably consistent across habitats and spatiotemporal scales and can be represented by size spectra, which are described by a power law. The focus of size spectra analysis is to estimate the exponent (λ ) of the power law. A common application of size spectra studies is to detect anthropogenic pressures. Many methods have been proposed for estimatingλ most of which involve binning the data, counting the abundance within bins, and then fitting an ordinary least squares regression in log-log space. However, recent work has shown that binning procedures return biased estimates ofλ compared to procedures that directly estimateλ using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). While it is clear that MLE produces less biased estimates of site-specific λ's, it is less clear how this bias affects the ability to test for changes in λ across space and time, a common question in the ecological literature. Here, we used simulation to compare the ability of two normalised binning methods (equal logarithmic and log2 bins) and MLE to (1) recapture known values ofλ , and (2) recapture parameters in a linear regression measuring the change inλ across a hypothetical environmental gradient. We also compared the methods using two previously published body size datasets across a natural temperature gradient and an anthropogenic pollution gradient. Maximum likelihood methods always performed better than common binning methods, which demonstrated consistent bias depending on the simulated values ofλ . This bias carried over to the regressions, which were more accurate whenλ was estimated using MLE compared to the binning procedures. Additionally, the variance in estimates using MLE methods is markedly reduced when compared to binning methods. The error induced by binning methods can be of similar magnitudes as the variation previously published in experimental and observational studies, bringing into question the effect sizes of previously published results. However, while the methods produced different regression slope estimates, they were in qualitative agreement on the sign of those slopes (i.e. all negative or all positive). Our results provide further support for the direct estimation ofλ and its relative variation across environmental gradients using MLE over the more common methods of binning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Junker
- Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jeff S Wesner
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
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3
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Atkinson A, Rossberg AG, Gaedke U, Sprules G, Heneghan RF, Batziakas S, Grigoratou M, Fileman E, Schmidt K, Frangoulis C. Steeper size spectra with decreasing phytoplankton biomass indicate strong trophic amplification and future fish declines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:381. [PMID: 38195697 PMCID: PMC10776571 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Under climate change, model ensembles suggest that declines in phytoplankton biomass amplify into greater reductions at higher trophic levels, with serious implications for fisheries and carbon storage. However, the extent and mechanisms of this trophic amplification vary greatly among models, and validation is problematic. In situ size spectra offer a novel alternative, comparing biomass of small and larger organisms to quantify the net efficiency of energy transfer through natural food webs that are already challenged with multiple climate change stressors. Our global compilation of pelagic size spectrum slopes supports trophic amplification empirically, independently from model simulations. Thus, even a modest (16%) decline in phytoplankton this century would magnify into a 38% decline in supportable biomass of fish within the intensively-fished mid-latitude ocean. We also show that this amplification stems not from thermal controls on consumers, but mainly from temperature or nutrient controls that structure the phytoplankton baseline of the food web. The lack of evidence for direct thermal effects on size structure contrasts with most current thinking, based often on more acute stress experiments or shorter-timescale responses. Our synthesis of size spectra integrates these short-term dynamics, revealing the net efficiency of food webs acclimating and adapting to climatic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK.
| | - Axel G Rossberg
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gary Sprules
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ryan F Heneghan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stratos Batziakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Former U.S. Base at Gournes, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion GR-71003, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Elaine Fileman
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK
| | - Katrin Schmidt
- University of Plymouth, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Constantin Frangoulis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Former U.S. Base at Gournes, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion GR-71003, Crete, Greece
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4
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Zhang T, Huang J, Zhang Z, Lv J, Zhang D, Qing R, Lan L. Flow cytometry and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling to detect the cell cycle dynamics of Phaeodactylum tricornutum under light. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:555-567. [PMID: 35352350 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle studies in plants and algae are highly dependent on reliable methods for detecting cellular DNA replication. With its short growth cycle and ease of genetic transformation, Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an important model organism for the study of pennate diatoms. Here we explored two different methods to detect the cell cycle of P. tricornutum, one using SYBR-green I to via flow cytometry, and the other using EdU labeling to observe cell cycle changes under fluorescence microscopy. Both EdU labeling fluorescence microscopy and SYBR-green I staining flow cytometry accurately indicated that the cells of P. tricornutum enter the G2/M phase after 12 h of light exposure. The results indicate that SYBR Green I was an adequate detection method for nuclear DNA quantitation in cells of P. tricornutum using a flow cytometer and without RNase A treatment. In addition, EdU can be applied to P. tricornutum to reliably detect cell proliferation. Besides, Mg-ProtoIX was able to reverse the cell cycle division inhibition of P. tricornutum and allow the nuclear DNA replication to proceed normally. Taken together, the photoperiodic division time point was clearly identified, which sheds light on the regulation of cell division mechanism in P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Dongqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Renwei Qing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liqiong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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5
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van Dorst RM, Argillier C, Brucet S, Holmgren K, Volta P, Winfield IJ, Mehner T. Can size distributions of European lake fish communities be predicted by trophic positions of their fish species? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9087. [PMID: 35845376 PMCID: PMC9272069 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism's body size plays an important role in ecological interactions such as predator-prey relationships. As predators are typically larger than their prey, this often leads to a strong positive relationship between body size and trophic position in aquatic ecosystems. The distribution of body sizes in a community can thus be an indicator of the strengths of predator-prey interactions. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the relationship between fish body size distribution and trophic position in a wide range of European lakes. We used quantile regression to examine the relationship between fish species' trophic position and their log-transformed maximum body mass for 48 fish species found in 235 European lakes. Subsequently, we examined whether the slopes of the continuous community size distributions, estimated by maximum likelihood, were predicted by trophic position, predator-prey mass ratio (PPMR), or abundance (number per unit effort) of fish communities in these lakes. We found a positive linear relationship between species' maximum body mass and average trophic position in fishes only for the 75% quantile, contrasting our expectation that species' trophic position systematically increases with maximum body mass for fish species in European lakes. Consequently, the size spectrum slope was not related to the average community trophic position, but there were negative effects of community PPMR and total fish abundance on the size spectrum slope. We conclude that predator-prey interactions likely do not contribute strongly to shaping community size distributions in these lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. van Dorst
- Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and AquacultureLeibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
| | | | - Sandra Brucet
- Aquatic Ecology GroupUniversity of Vic‐Central University of CataloniaCataloniaSpain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Kerstin Holmgren
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater ResearchSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesDrottningholmSweden
| | | | - Ian J. Winfield
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreBailriggUK
| | - Thomas Mehner
- Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and AquacultureLeibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
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6
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Potapov AM, Rozanova OL, Semenina EE, Leonov VD, Belyakova OI, Bogatyreva VY, Degtyarev MI, Esaulov AS, Korotkevich AY, Kudrin AA, Malysheva EA, Mazei YA, Tsurikov SM, Zuev AG, Tiunov AV. Size compartmentalization of energy channeling in terrestrial belowground food webs. Ecology 2021; 102:e03421. [PMID: 34086977 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Size-structured food webs form integrated trophic systems where energy is channeled from small to large consumers. Empirical evidence suggests that size structure prevails in aquatic ecosystems, whereas in terrestrial food webs trophic position is largely independent of body size. Compartmentalization of energy channeling according to size classes of consumers was suggested as a mechanism that underpins functioning and stability of terrestrial food webs including those belowground, but their structure has not been empirically assessed across the whole size spectrum. Here we used stable isotope analysis and metabolic regressions to describe size structure and energy use in eight belowground communities with consumers spanning 12 orders of magnitude in living body mass, from protists to earthworms. We showed a negative correlation between trophic position and body mass in invertebrate communities and a remarkable nonlinearity in community metabolism and trophic positions across all size classes. Specifically, we found that the correlation between body mass and trophic level is positive in the small-sized (protists, nematodes, arthropods below 1 μg in body mass), neutral in the medium-sized (arthropods of 1 μg to 1 mg), and negative in the large-sized consumers (large arthropods, earthworms), suggesting that these groups form compartments with different trophic organization. Based on this pattern, we propose a concept of belowground food webs being composed of (1) size-structured micro-food web driving fast energy channeling and nutrient release, for example in microbial loop; (2) arthropod macro-food web with no clear correlation between body size and trophic level, hosting soil arthropod diversity and subsidizing aboveground predators; and (3) "trophic whales," sequestering energy in their large bodies and restricting its propagation to higher trophic levels in belowground food webs. The three size compartments are based on a similar set of basal resources, but contribute to different ecosystem-level functions and respond differently to variations in climate, soil characteristics and land use. We suggest that the widely used vision of resource-based energy channeling in belowground food webs can be complemented with size-based energy channeling, where ecosystem multifunctionality, biodiversity, and stability are supported by a balance across individual size compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Potapov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oksana L Rozanova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia E Semenina
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav D Leonov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I Belyakova
- Penza State University, Krasnaya Street 40, Penza, 440068, Russia
| | - Varvara Yu Bogatyreva
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim I Degtyarev
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton S Esaulov
- Penza State University, Krasnaya Street 40, Penza, 440068, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Yu Korotkevich
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Kibalchicha Street 6k3, 129164, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kudrin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaja 28, 167000, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | | | - Yuri A Mazei
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road, Dayun New Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 517182, China
| | - Sergey M Tsurikov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zuev
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei V Tiunov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Perkins DM, Durance I, Jackson M, Jones JI, Lauridsen RB, Layer-Dobra K, Reiss J, Thompson MSA, Woodward G. Systematic variation in food web body-size structure linked to external subsidies. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200798. [PMID: 33726566 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between body mass (M) and size class abundance (N) depicts patterns of community structure and energy flow through food webs. While the general assumption is that M and N scale linearly (on log-log axes), nonlinearity is regularly observed in natural systems, and is theorized to be driven by nonlinear scaling of trophic level (TL) with M resulting in the rapid transfer of energy to consumers in certain size classes. We tested this hypothesis with data from 31 stream food webs. We predicted that allochthonous subsidies higher in the web results in nonlinear M-TL relationships and systematic abundance peaks in macroinvertebrate and fish size classes (latter containing salmonids), that exploit terrestrial plant material and terrestrial invertebrates, respectively. Indeed, both M-N and M-TL significantly deviated from linear relationships and the observed curvature in M-TL scaling was inversely related to that observed in M-N relationships. Systemic peaks in M-N, and troughs in M-TL occurred in size classes dominated by generalist invertebrates, and brown trout. Our study reveals how allochthonous resources entering high in the web systematically shape community size structure and demonstrates the relevance of a generalized metabolic scaling model for understanding patterns of energy transfer in energetically 'open' food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Perkins
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Isabelle Durance
- Cardiff Water Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
| | | | - J Iwan Jones
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Rasmus B Lauridsen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.,Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, Wareham, Dorset BH20 6BB, UK
| | - Katrin Layer-Dobra
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Julia Reiss
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Murray S A Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus SL5 7PY, UK
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8
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Ersoy Z, Brucet S, Bartrons M, Mehner T. Short-term fish predation destroys resilience of zooplankton communities and prevents recovery of phytoplankton control by zooplankton grazing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212351. [PMID: 30768619 PMCID: PMC6377254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktivorous fish predation directly affects zooplankton biomass, community and size structure, and may indirectly induce a trophic cascade to phytoplankton. However, it is not clear how quickly the zooplankton community structure and the cascading effects on phytoplankton recover to the unaffected state (i.e. resilience) once short-term predation by fish stops. The resilience has implications for the ecological quality and restoration measures in aquatic ecosystems. To assess the short-term zooplankton resilience against fish predation, we conducted a mesocosm experiment consisting of 10 enclosures, 6 with fish and 4 without fish. Plankton communities from a natural lake were used to establish phytoplankton and zooplankton in the mesocosms. High biomasses (about 20 g wet mass m-3) of juvenile planktivorous fish (perch, Perca fluviatilis) were allowed to feed on zooplankton in fish enclosures for four days. Thereafter, we removed fish and observed the recovery of the zooplankton community and its cascading effect on trophic interactions in comparison with no fish enclosures for four weeks. Short-term fish predation impaired resilience in zooplankton community by modifying community composition, as large zooplankton, such as calanoids, decreased just after fish predation and did not re-appear afterwards, whereas small cladocerans and rotifers proliferated. Total zooplankton biomass increased quickly within two weeks after fish removal, and at the end even exceeded the biomass measured before fish addition. Despite high biomass, the dominance of small zooplankton released phytoplankton from grazer control in fish enclosures. Accordingly, the zooplankton community did not recover from the effect of fish predation, indicating low short-term resilience. In contrast, in no fish enclosures without predation disturbance, a high zooplankton:phytoplankton biomass ratio accompanied by low phytoplankton yield (Chlorophyll-a:Total phosphorus ratio) reflected phytoplankton control by zooplankton over the experimental period. Comprehensive views on short and long-term resilience of zooplankton communities are essential for restoration and management strategies of aquatic ecosystems to better predict responses to global warming, such as higher densities of planktivorous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ersoy
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (ZE); (TM)
| | - Sandra Brucet
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Thomas Mehner
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (ZE); (TM)
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9
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Plankton Taxonomic and Size Diversity of Mediterranean Brackish Ponds in Spring: Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Factors. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, performed in Mediterranean brackish ponds during spring season, we assessed the effects of biotic interactions and abiotic factors on the size and taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton and zooplankton. We used a taxonomic and a size diversity index as a descriptor of the community structure. We predicted that the size diversity of each trophic level would be mainly related to biotic interactions, such as size-based fish predation (in the case of zooplankton) and food resource availability (in the case of phytoplankton), whereas taxonomic diversity would be more affected by abiotic variables (e.g., conductivity, pond morphology). Our results showed a negative relationship between phytoplankton size diversity and food resource availability leading to low size diversities under food scarcity due to dominance of small species. Conductivity also negatively affected the phytoplankton size diversity, although slightly. Regarding zooplankton size diversity, none of predictors tested seemed to influence this index. Similar fish size diversities among ponds may prevent a significant effect of fish predation on size diversity of zooplankton. As expected, taxonomic diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton was related to abiotic variables (specifically pond morphometry) rather than biotic interactions, which are usually body size dependent, especially in these species-poor brackish environments.
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10
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Reum JCP, Holsman KK, Aydin KY, Blanchard JL, Jennings S. Energetically relevant predator-prey body mass ratios and their relationship with predator body size. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:201-211. [PMID: 30680107 PMCID: PMC6342185 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food web structure and dynamics depend on relationships between body sizes of predators and their prey. Species-based and community-wide estimates of preferred and realized predator-prey mass ratios (PPMR) are required inputs to size-based size spectrum models of marine communities, food webs, and ecosystems. Here, we clarify differences between PPMR definitions in different size spectrum models, in particular differences between PPMR measurements weighting prey abundance in individual predators by biomass (r bio) and numbers (r num). We argue that the former weighting generates PPMR as usually conceptualized in equilibrium (static) size spectrum models while the latter usually applies to dynamic models. We use diet information from 170,689 individuals of 34 species of fish in Alaskan marine ecosystems to calculate both PPMR metrics. Using hierarchical models, we examine how explained variance in these metrics changed with predator body size, predator taxonomic resolution, and spatial resolution. In the hierarchical analysis, variance in both metrics emerged primarily at the species level and substantially less variance was associated with other (higher) taxonomic levels or with spatial resolution. This suggests that changes in species composition are the main drivers of community-wide mean PPMR. At all levels of analysis, relationships between weighted mean r bio or weighted mean r num and predator mass tended to be dome-shaped. Weighted mean r num values, for species and community-wide, were approximately an order of magnitude higher than weighted mean r bio, reflecting the consistent numeric dominance of small prey in predator diets. As well as increasing understanding of the drivers of variation in PPMR and providing estimates of PPMR in the north Pacific Ocean, our results demonstrate that that r bio or r num, as well as their corresponding weighted means for any defined group of predators, are not directly substitutable. When developing equilibrium size-based models based on bulk energy flux or comparing PPMR estimates derived from the relationship between body mass and trophic level with those based on diet analysis, weighted mean r bio is a more appropriate measure of PPMR. When calibrating preference PPMR in dynamic size spectrum models then weighted mean r num will be a more appropriate measure of PPMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. P. Reum
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of Washington SeattleSeattleWashington
| | - Kirstin K. Holsman
- Alaska Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries Service, NOAASeattleWashington
| | - Kerim Y. Aydin
- Alaska Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries Service, NOAASeattleWashington
| | - Julia L. Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine SocioecologyUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Simon Jennings
- International Council for the Exploration of the SeaKøbenhavn VDenmark
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11
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Arranz I, Hsieh CH, Mehner T, Brucet S. Systematic deviations from linear size spectra of lake fish communities are correlated with predator-prey interactions and lake-use intensity. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Arranz
- Univ. of Vic - Central Univ. of Catalonia, Vic; Catalonia Spain
- Dept of Biology, Concordia Univ; Montréal QC Canada
| | - Chih-hao Hsieh
- Inst. of Oceanography, Inst. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Dept of Life Science, National Taiwan Univ; Taipei Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thomas Mehner
- Leibniz-Inst. of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Berlin Germany
| | - Sandra Brucet
- Univ. of Vic - Central Univ. of Catalonia, Vic; Catalonia Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Inst. for Research and Advanced Studies; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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12
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Modified FlowCAM procedure for quantifying size distribution of zooplankton with sample recycling capacity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175235. [PMID: 28384288 PMCID: PMC5383268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a modified FlowCAM procedure for efficiently quantifying the size distribution of zooplankton. The modified method offers the following new features: 1) prevents animals from settling and clogging with constant bubbling in the sample container; 2) prevents damage to sample animals and facilitates recycling by replacing the built-in peristaltic pump with an external syringe pump, in order to generate negative pressure, creates a steady flow by drawing air from the receiving conical flask (i.e. vacuum pump), and transfers plankton from the sample container toward the main flowcell of the imaging system and finally into the receiving flask; 3) aligns samples in advance of imaging and prevents clogging with an additional flowcell placed ahead of the main flowcell. These modifications were designed to overcome the difficulties applying the standard FlowCAM procedure to studies where the number of individuals per sample is small, and since the FlowCAM can only image a subset of a sample. Our effective recycling procedure allows users to pass the same sample through the FlowCAM many times (i.e. bootstrapping the sample) in order to generate a good size distribution. Although more advanced FlowCAM models are equipped with syringe pump and Field of View (FOV) flowcells which can image all particles passing through the flow field; we note that these advanced setups are very expensive, offer limited syringe and flowcell sizes, and do not guarantee recycling. In contrast, our modifications are inexpensive and flexible. Finally, we compared the biovolumes estimated by automated FlowCAM image analysis versus conventional manual measurements, and found that the size of an individual zooplankter can be estimated by the FlowCAM image system after ground truthing.
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13
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Blanchard JL, Heneghan RF, Everett JD, Trebilco R, Richardson AJ. From Bacteria to Whales: Using Functional Size Spectra to Model Marine Ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:174-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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García-Comas C, Sastri AR, Ye L, Chang CY, Lin FS, Su MS, Gong GC, Hsieh CH. Prey size diversity hinders biomass trophic transfer and predator size diversity promotes it in planktonic communities. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2129. [PMID: 26865298 PMCID: PMC4760158 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size exerts multiple effects on plankton food-web interactions. However, the influence of size structure on trophic transfer remains poorly quantified in the field. Here, we examine how the size diversity of prey (nano-microplankton) and predators (mesozooplankton) influence trophic transfer efficiency (using biomass ratio as a proxy) in natural marine ecosystems. Our results support previous studies on single trophic levels: transfer efficiency decreases with increasing prey size diversity and is enhanced with greater predator size diversity. We further show that communities with low nano-microplankton size diversity and high mesozooplankton size diversity tend to occur in warmer environments with low nutrient concentrations, thus promoting trophic transfer to higher trophic levels in those conditions. Moreover, we reveal an interactive effect of predator and prey size diversities: the positive effect of predator size diversity becomes influential when prey size diversity is high. Mechanistically, the negative effect of prey size diversity on trophic transfer may be explained by unicellular size-based metabolic constraints as well as trade-offs between growth and predation avoidance with size, whereas increasing predator size diversity may enhance diet niche partitioning and thus promote trophic transfer. These findings provide insights into size-based theories of ecosystem functioning, with implications for ecosystem predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Comas
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sector 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group, Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
| | - Akash R Sastri
- Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chun-Yi Chang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sector 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Sian Lin
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sector 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sian Su
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sector 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Ching Gong
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sector 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sector 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Dashkova V, Malashenkov D, Poulton N, Vorobjev I, Barteneva NS. Imaging flow cytometry for phytoplankton analysis. Methods 2017; 112:188-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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16
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Tsai C, Hsieh C, Nakazawa T. Predator–prey mass ratio revisited: does preference of relative prey body size depend on individual predator size? Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Han Tsai
- AIMS@JCU Australian Institute of Marine Science and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences DB17‐063 James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Chih‐hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology National Taiwan University No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Takefumi Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Road Tainan 701 Taiwan
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17
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Hildebrand M, Davis A, Abbriano R, Pugsley HR, Traller JC, Smith SR, Shrestha RP, Cook O, Sánchez-Alvarez EL, Manandhar-Shrestha K, Alderete B. Applications of Imaging Flow Cytometry for Microalgae. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1389:47-67. [PMID: 27460237 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3302-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image large numbers of cells at high resolution enhances flow cytometric analysis of cells and cell populations. In particular, the ability to image intracellular features adds a unique aspect to analyses, and can enable correlation between molecular phenomena resulting in alterations in cellular phenotype. Unicellular microalgae are amenable to high-throughput analysis to capture the diversity of cell types in natural samples, or diverse cellular responses in clonal populations, especially using imaging cytometry. Using examples from our laboratory, we review applications of imaging cytometry, specifically using an Amnis(®) ImageStream(®)X instrument, to characterize photosynthetic microalgae. Some of these examples highlight advantages of imaging flow cytometry for certain research objectives, but we also include examples that would not necessarily require imaging and could be performed on a conventional cytometer to demonstrate other concepts in cytometric evaluation of microalgae. We demonstrate the value of these approaches for (1) analysis of populations, (2) documentation of cellular features, and (3) analysis of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hildebrand
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Aubrey Davis
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raffaela Abbriano
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jesse C Traller
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah R Smith
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roshan P Shrestha
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Orna Cook
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eva L Sánchez-Alvarez
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kalpana Manandhar-Shrestha
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Saleem M, Moe LA. Multitrophic microbial interactions for eco- and agro-biotechnological processes: theory and practice. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:529-37. [PMID: 25192971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multitrophic level microbial loop interactions mediated by protist predators, bacteria, and viruses drive eco- and agro-biotechnological processes such as bioremediation, wastewater treatment, plant growth promotion, and ecosystem functioning. To what extent these microbial interactions are context-dependent in performing biotechnological and ecosystem processes remains largely unstudied. Theory-driven research may advance the understanding of eco-evolutionary processes underlying the patterns and functioning of microbial interactions for successful development of microbe-based biotechnologies for real world applications. This could also be a great avenue to test the validity or limitations of ecology theory for managing diverse microbial resources in an era of altering microbial niches, multitrophic interactions, and microbial diversity loss caused by climate and land use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 311 Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA.
| | - Luke A Moe
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 311 Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
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