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Leclerc M, Ponton DE, Bilodeau F, Planas D, Amyot M. Enhanced Bioaccumulation and Transfer of Monomethylmercury through Periphytic Biofilms in Benthic Food Webs of a River Affected by Run-of-River Dams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20792-20801. [PMID: 38016692 PMCID: PMC10720379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Run-of-river (ROR) power plants impound limited terrestrial areas compared to traditional hydropower plants with large reservoirs and are assumed to have reduced impacts on mercury cycling. We conducted a study on periphyton and benthic communities from different habitats of the St. Maurice River (Québec, Canada) affected by two ROR power plants and their effect on the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of monomethylmercury (MMHg). Proportion of total mercury as MMHg reached maximum values about 2.9 times higher in flooded sites compared to unflooded sites. Impoundment by ROR would therefore provide favorable environments for the growth of periphyton, which can produce and accumulate MMHg. Periphyton MMHg concentrations significantly explained concentrations in some benthic macroinvertebrates, reflecting a local transfer. Through the analysis of δ13C and δ15N signatures, we found that flooding, creating scattered lenthic habitats, led to modifications in trophic structures by the introduction of new organic matter sources. The computed trophic magnification slopes did not show significant differences in the transfer efficiency of MMHg between sectors, while intercepts of flooded sectors were higher. Increases in MMHg concentrations in flooded areas are likely due to the impoundment, combined with watershed disturbances, and the creation of small habitats favorable to periphyton should be included in future predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leclerc
- GRIL,
GEOTOP, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Dominic E. Ponton
- GRIL,
GEOTOP, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - François Bilodeau
- Hydro-Québec,
Direction Environnement, 800 De Maisonneuve Est Blvd., Montréal, Québec H2Z 1A4, Canada
| | - Dolors Planas
- GRIL,
GEOTOP, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Président-Kennedy Ave., Montréal, Québec H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- GRIL,
GEOTOP, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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2
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Vejřík L, Vejříková I, Blabolil P, Sajdlová Z, Kočvara L, Kolařík T, Bartoň D, Jůza T, Šmejkal M, Peterka J, Čech M. Trophic Position of the Species and Site Trophic State Affect Diet Niche and Individual Specialization: From Apex Predator to Herbivore. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1113. [PMID: 37626997 PMCID: PMC10452534 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Intra-species variability in isotopic niches, specifically isotopic total niche width (ITNW), isotopic individual niche width (IINW), and isotopic individual specialization (IIS), was studied using an innovative approach without sacrificing the vertebrates. Stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) in four body tissues differing in isotopic half-life were analyzed from four freshwater fish species representing different trophic positions. ITNW was widest for the apex predator (European catfish) and narrowest for the obligate predator (Northern pike). IINW exhibited a polynomial trend for the European catfish, Northern pike, and Eurasian perch (mesopredator), decreasing with body mass and increasing again after exceeding a certain species-dependent body mass threshold. Thus, for ectotherms, apex predator status is linked rather to its size than to the species. In herbivores (rudd), IINW increased with body mass. The IIS of predators negatively correlated with site trophic state. Therefore, eutrophication can significantly change the foraging behavior of certain species. We assume that the observed trends will occur in other species at similar trophic positions in either aquatic or terrestrial systems. For confirmation, we recommend conducting a similar study on other species in different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vejřík
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Ivana Vejříková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Petr Blabolil
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sajdlová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Luboš Kočvara
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Tomáš Kolařík
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Daniel Bartoň
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Tomáš Jůza
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Marek Šmejkal
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Jiří Peterka
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
| | - Martin Čech
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (P.B.); (Z.S.); (L.K.); (T.K.); (D.B.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (J.P.); (M.Č.)
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3
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Ruthven JS, Walters AW. Invasive brook stickleback Culaea inconstans minimally alters the trophic ecology of four native fishes in Wyoming, USA. FOOD WEBS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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4
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Thera JC, Kidd KA, Stewart AR, Bertolo RF, O'Driscoll NJ. Using tissue cysteine to predict the trophic transfer of methylmercury and selenium in lake food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119936. [PMID: 35964789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biomagnification of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) and selenium (Se) through aquatic food webs using nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) varies among ecosystems but underlying mechanisms are yet unexplained. Given the strong links between MeHg and thiol-containing amino acids and proteins containing selenocysteine, our hypothesis was that cysteine content is a better predictor of MeHg and Se transfer through lake food webs than δ15N. Food web samples were collected from six lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada, and the regression slopes of log MeHg or Se versus protein-bound cysteine or bulk δ15N were compared. Across all six lakes, MeHg varied by a factor of 10 among taxa and was significantly and positively related to both cysteine (R2 = 0.65-0.80, p < 0.001) and δ15N (R2 = 0.88-0.94, p < 0.001), with no among-system differences in these slopes. In contrast, total Se concentrations varied by less than a factor of 2 among taxa in four lakes and were significantly related to cysteine in only two food webs (R2 = 0.20 & 0.37, p = 0.014 & < 0.001); however, δ15N was not a predictor of Se in any lake (p = 0.052-0.777). Overall, these novel results indicate that cysteine content predicts MeHg, and sometimes Se, across trophic levels, providing a potential mechanism for among-system differences in their biomagnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Thera
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada; Department of Biology & School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Robert F Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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5
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Covernton GA, Cox KD, Fleming WL, Buirs BM, Davies HL, Juanes F, Dudas SE, Dower JF. Large size (>100-μm) microplastics are not biomagnifying in coastal marine food webs of British Columbia, Canada. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2654. [PMID: 35543035 PMCID: PMC9786919 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) contamination in marine environments is of increasing concern, as plastic particles are globally ubiquitous across ecosystems. A large variety of aquatic taxa ingest MPs, but the extent to which animals accumulate and transfer MPs through food webs is largely unknown. In this study, we quantified MP uptake in bivalves, crabs, echinoderms, and fish feeding at different trophic levels at three sites on southern Vancouver Island. We paired stable-isotope food web analysis with MP concentrations in digestive tracts across all trophic levels and in fish livers. We then used Bayesian generalized linear mixed models to explore whether bioaccumulation and biomagnification were occurring. Our results showed that MPs (100-5000 μm along their longest dimension) are not biomagnifying in marine coastal food webs, with no correlation between the digestive tract or fish liver MP concentrations and trophic position of the various species. Ecological traits did, however, affect microplastic accumulation in digestive tracts, with suspension feeder and smaller-bodied planktivorous fish ingesting more MPs by body weight. Trophic transfer occurred between prey and predator for rockfish, but higher concentrations in full stomachs compared with empty ones suggested rapid excretion of ingested MPs. Collectively, our findings suggested the movement of MP through marine food webs is facilitated by species-specific mechanisms, with contamination susceptibility a function of species biology, not trophic position. Furthermore, the statistical methods we employ, including machine learning for classifying unknown particles and a probabilistic way to account for background contamination, are universally applicable to the study of microplastics. Our findings advance understanding of how MPs enter and move through aquatic food webs, suggesting that lower-trophic-level animals are more at risk of ingesting >100-μm MPs, relative to higher-trophic-level animals. Our work also highlights the need to advance the study of <100-μm MPs, which are still poorly understood and may need to be considered separately in ecological risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth A. Covernton
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Present address:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kieran D. Cox
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteCalvert IslandBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Wendy L. Fleming
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Brittany M. Buirs
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hailey L. Davies
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sarah E. Dudas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteCalvert IslandBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaPacific Biological StationNanaimoBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John F. Dower
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Earth and Ocean SciencesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
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6
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Keogh MJ, Nicholson KL, Skinner JP. Relationships between age, diet, and stress-related hormones and reproduction in American marten ( Martes americana). J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
American marten (Martes americana) in Interior Alaska are at the northwestern limit of their North American range. To investigate factors that may be associated with reproduction we determined the cementum age and the presence or absence of blastocysts in 118 female martens for 3 years (2012, 2014, and 2016) in two regions. For each marten we collected fur samples and measured steroid hormone concentrations (cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone) and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C values, a proxy for diet). These parameters reflect the diet and endocrine activity between June and October when fur is grown. We also collected two claws from a subset of 39 female marten from one region in 2012 and 2014. Progesterone concentrations were measured in one whole claw and from a second claw divided into proximal (recent growth) and distal sections. Differences in the probability of blastocysts being present were associated with geographic region and sample year suggesting that reproduction in female marten varies on a fine scale. We found the that presence of blastocysts was positively associated with marten age and δ15N values in fur but negatively associated with fur cortisol concentrations. These findings suggest that the likelihood a female marten will reproduce in a given year is influenced, in part, by the proportion of protein in their diet and stressors encountered during late summer and fall, months before active gestation begins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J Keogh
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game , Douglas, Alaska , USA
| | - Kerry L Nicholson
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game , Fairbanks, Alaska , USA
| | - John P Skinner
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game , Anchorage, Alaska , USA
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7
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Miess S, Chrisekos A, Strand M. An Ecological Profile of Hydropsyche alternans (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Lake Superior, the Last Stronghold of a Once-Dominant Great Lakes Surf Zone Caddisfly. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070659. [PMID: 35886835 PMCID: PMC9325119 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Prior to the invasion and spread of Dreissena mussels in the late 1980s, the nearshore waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes were home to diverse assemblages of native aquatic insects, including the net-spinning caddisfly Hydropsyche alternans, which occurred in rocky surf-exposed habitat throughout the system from Lake Superior downstream to Lake Ontario. These surf zone caddisflies are still abundant in the largely Dreissena-free waters of Lake Superior where the present study was conducted. They have not been reported in the lakes below Lake Superior for decades, and are presumed to have been extirpated from Dreissena-infested habitats. The ecological profile presented here documents the life history of H. alternans in Lake Superior, and reveals details of its feeding biology that shed light on the roles that surf zone net-spinners play in the native nearshore food webs of the Great Lakes. The H. alternans life history in Lake Superior begins in mid-summer shortly after oviposition, which features females swimming to surf-exposed lake bottom substrates. Larval development takes approximately 10 months, but most of it occurs during their first 100 days. Adult emergence is broadly synchronous, with large numbers present from the summer solstice through mid-July. Gut content analyses showed that larvae opportunistically feed on algal, animal, and detrital material of aquatic and terrestrial origin. δ13C and δ15N stable isotope data indicate that they function as omnivores that link coastal, nearshore, and pelagic food webs. These energetic links, and the very existence of surf zone insect assemblages in the Great Lakes, depend on the Dreissena populations in Lake Superior remaining relatively small and isolated. Abstract We studied the life history, diet, and trophic ecology of Hydropsyche alternans in four rocky sites located along the south-central coast of Lake Superior. The H. alternans life history and broad trophic niche space were similar to those of its riverine relatives. Quantitative sampling over the course of one ice-free season revealed that most individuals lived univoltine life histories that featured early to mid-summer mating, and oviposition and rapid growth and development through summer into fall. Most individuals overwintered as ultimate or penultimate larval instars. Pupation followed ice-out in the spring. Gut content sampling and δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analyses indicated that the typical larval diet is a mix of benthic, pelagic, and terrestrial food resources, including diatoms, small arthropods, sloughed periphyton, and in one site, fugal hyphae apparently of foredune origin. As a suspension-feeding omnivore that relies on waves and currents to deliver food to its nets, H. alternans larvae form energetic links between coastal, nearshore, and offshore food webs. These connections have been lost throughout the lower Laurentian Great Lakes as a consequence of the invasion and spread of Dreissena mussels.
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8
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Celis JE, Espejo W, de A Padilha J, Kidd KA, Gonçalves R, Dorneles P, Oliveira D, Malm O, Celis CA, Chiang G. Trophodynamics of trace elements in marine organisms from cold and remote regions of southern hemisphere. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112421. [PMID: 34838759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms and some of them biomagnify through food webs, posing a threat to the organisms or their human consumers. Although the trophodynamics of many trace metals is well known in the northern hemisphere, much less is known about metals in aquatic food webs from cold and remote coastal zones of the southern hemisphere. To fill this gap, we investigated the trophodynamics of Al, Co, Cr, Li, Mo, Ni, Sr, and V, which were measured in marine macroinvertebrates and fishes from inshore and offshore locations in each of the Chilean Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula area. In Patagonia, there was biodilution of these metals across the whole food web, while biomagnification of Li and Ni was significantly found across the lower food web at the offshore site. In Antarctica, significant biodilution of Al, Li, Ni, Mo, Sr and V occurred through the whole food web for the inshore site, but no tendency (biodilution or biomagnification) was found (p > 0.05) across the organisms at lower trophic levels for the offshore site. Our data suggest that the geographic location and species influences the trophodynamics of these trace elements and expand our understanding of metal fate in remote locations of the southern hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Celis
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - Winfred Espejo
- Department of Animal Science, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile; GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Janeide de A Padilha
- Radioisotope Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biology and School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, 1280, Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Dorneles
- Radioisotope Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Lab, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Celis
- Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Nueva Bilbao, 12501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Ecology & Biodiversity Department & Sustainability Research Centre, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Semerád J, Horká P, Filipová A, Kukla J, Holubová K, Musilová Z, Jandová K, Frouz J, Cajthaml T. The driving factors of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) accumulation in selected fish species: The influence of position in river continuum, fish feed composition, and pollutant properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151662. [PMID: 34780822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) represent a group of highly recalcitrant micropollutants, that continuously endanger the environment. The present work describes the geographical trends of fish contamination by individual PFASs (including new compounds, e.g., Gen-X) assessed by analyzing the muscle tissues of 5 separate freshwater fish species from 10 locations on the Czech section of the Elbe River and its largest tributary, the Vltava River. The data of this study also showed that the majority of the detected PFASs consisted of long-chain representatives (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, and perfluoroundecanoic acid), whereas short-chain PFASs as well as other compounds such as Gen-X were detected in relatively small quantities. The maximum concentrations of the targeted 32 PFASs in fish were detected in the lower stretches of the Vltava and Elbe Rivers, reaching 289.9 ng/g dw, 140.5 ng/g dw, and 162.7 ng/g dw for chub, roach, and nase, respectively. Moreover, the relationships between the PFAS (PFOS) concentrations in fish muscle tissue and isotopic ratios (δ15N and δ13C) were studied to understand the effect of feed composition and position in the river continuum as a proxy for anthropogenic activity. Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning showed that the largest part of the data variability was explained by the interaction of position in the river continuum and δ15N (δ13C) of the fish. The PFAS concentrations increased downstream and were positively correlated with δ15N and negatively correlated with δ13C. A detailed study at one location also demonstrated the significant relationship between δ15N (estimated trophic position) and PFASs (PFOS) concentrations. From the tested physicochemical properties, the molecular mass and number of fluorine substituents seem to play crucial roles in PFAS bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Filipová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kukla
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holubová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Musilová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jandová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frouz
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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10
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Oliveira M, Moser CF, Rebelato MM, Camargo PB, Tozetti AM. Trophic ecology of two amphibian species in patches and core forest of Atlantic Forest: A dietary and isotopic approach. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Av. Unisinos, 950, Bairro Cristo Rei São Leopoldo RS 93022‐750 Brasil
| | | | - Marluci Muller Rebelato
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | | | - Alexandro Marques Tozetti
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Av. Unisinos, 950, Bairro Cristo Rei São Leopoldo RS 93022‐750 Brasil
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11
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Llamazares Vegh S, Biolé F, Bavio M, Tripodi P, Gil AF, Volpedo AV. Bioaccumulation of 10 trace elements in juvenile fishes of the Lower Paraná River, Argentina: implications associated with essential fish growing habitat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:365-378. [PMID: 32808132 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the concentration, bioconcentration, and bioaccumulation of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in juvenile fishes (Acestrorynchus pantaneiro, Brycon orbygnianus, Cyphocharax voga, Megaleporinus obtusidens, Odontesthes bonariensis, Pimelodus maculatus, Prochilodus lineatus, Salminus brasiliensis, and Schizodon borelli) in the Lower Paraná River (Argentina), the most extensive floodplain from the Plata Basin. The floodplain is crucial for the reproduction and growth of various species such as P. lineatus, M. obtusidens, and S. brasiliensis, which complete their life cycle in this environment. In total, 90 individuals were sampled for nitrogen stable isotope, and trace element analysis in muscle tissue, water, and sediment was analyzed. The results show that all the studied species bioaccumulate Cr, Mg, Ni, and Zn. In particular, B. orbygnianus and P. maculatus presented the highest bioaccumulation factor for Cr. A biodilution of Co through the food chain was observed. No positive correlation was found between element concentration and trophic level, but we observed significant differences between trophic guilds (herbivorous, omnivorous, and carnivorous). Our findings suggest that feeding habits determine trace element concentrations. To establish differential behavior between different species within the aquatic web further studies are necessary, particularly in the floodplain of the Paraná, which is a crucial nursery area for most commercially important fishes from the Plata Basin. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Llamazares Vegh
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarin 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernanda Biolé
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarin 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Bavio
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Tripodi
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo F Gil
- Instituto de Evolución, Ecología Histórica y Ambiente (CONICET & UTN FRSR), Urquiza 350, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alejandra V Volpedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarin 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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van der Lee GH, Vonk JA, Verdonschot RCM, Kraak MHS, Verdonschot PFM, Huisman J. Eutrophication induces shifts in the trophic position of invertebrates in aquatic food webs. Ecology 2020; 102:e03275. [PMID: 33351184 PMCID: PMC7988625 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the ecological stoichiometry of primary producers may have considerable implications for energy and matter transfer in food webs. We hypothesized that nutrient enrichment shifts the trophic position of omnivores towards herbivory, as the nutritional quality of primary producers increases. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the ecological stoichiometry and stable isotope signature of primary producers and a wide range of aquatic macroinvertebrates, including primary consumers (herbivores) and secondary consumers (both potential omnivores and strict carnivores), along a eutrophication gradient in an agricultural landscape. Our results showed (1) that carbon : nutrient ratios of primary producers decreased along the eutrophication gradient, while the elemental composition of consumers remained homeostatic, and (2) that the trophic position of several omnivores and the generalist predator Notonecta decreased, while the trophic position of most other consumers remained constant. These findings suggest that shifts in the diets of aquatic invertebrates induced by increasing eutrophication may affect species interactions and food web structure in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea H van der Lee
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - J Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf C M Verdonschot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Piet F M Verdonschot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
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13
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Riva-Murray K, Bradley PM, Brigham ME. Methylmercury-total mercury ratios in predator and primary consumer insects from Adirondack streams (New York, USA). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1644-1658. [PMID: 32180092 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects biota in remote settings due to atmospheric deposition of inorganic Hg, and its conversion to methylmercury (MeHg), the bioaccumulating and toxic form. Characterizing biotic MeHg is important for evaluating aquatic ecosystem responses to changes in Hg inputs. Aquatic insects possess many qualities desired for MeHg biomonitoring, but are not widely used, largely because of limited information regarding percentages of total mercury (THg) composed of MeHg (i.e., MeHg%) in various taxa. Here, we examine taxonomic, spatial, and seasonal variation in MeHg% of stream-dwelling predator and primary-consumer insects from nine streams in the Adirondack region (NY, USA). Predator MeHg% was high (median 94%) and did not differ significantly among five taxa. MeHg% in selected dragonflies (the most abundant predators, Odonata: Aeshnidae and Libellulidae) exhibited little seasonal and spatial variation, and THg concentration was strongly correlated with aqueous (filtered) MeHg (FMeHg; rs = 0.76). In contrast, MeHg% in primary consumers-shredders (northern caddisflies [Trichoptera: Limnephilidae]) and scrapers (flathead mayflies [Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae]), were lower (medians 52% and 35%, respectively), and differed significantly between taxa, among sites, and seasonally. Correlations of THg with FMeHg were weak (shredders, rs = 0.45, p = 0.09) or not significant (scrapers, p = 0.89). The higher MeHg% of predators corresponded with their higher trophic positions (indicated by nitrogen stable isotopes). Results suggest obligate predators hold the most promise for the use of THg as a surrogate for MeHg biomonitoring with aquatic insects within the Adirondack region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, 720 Gracern Road, Columbia, SC, 29210, USA
| | - Mark E Brigham
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN, 55112, USA
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14
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Millard GD, Riva-Murray K, Burns DA, Montesdeoca MR, Driscoll CT. The impact of lime additions on mercury dynamics in stream chemistry and macroinvertebrates: a comparison of watershed and direct stream addition management strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1627-1643. [PMID: 32557267 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acid deposition has declined across eastern North America and northern Europe due to reduced emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Ecosystem recovery has been slow with limited improvement in surface water chemistry. Delayed recovery has encouraged acid-neutralization strategies to accelerate recovery of impaired biological communities. Lime application has been shown to increase pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which could also drive increased mobilization of mercury (Hg) to surface waters. A four-year study was conducted within Honnedaga Lake's watershed in the Adirondack region of New York to compare the effects of watershed and direct channel lime additions on Hg in stream water and macroinvertebrates. All treatments sharply increased stream pH and DOC concentrations, but large differences in the duration of impacts were apparent. The watershed treatment resulted in multi-year increases in concentrations and loads of total Hg (150%; 390%), DOC (190%; 350%) and nutrients, whereas total Hg and DOC increased for short periods (72-96 h) after channel treatments. No response of Hg in macroinvertebrates was evident following the watershed treatment, but a potential short-term and spatially constrained increase occurred after the channel treatment. Our observations indicate that both treatment approaches mobilize Hg, but that direct channel liming mobilizes considerably less than watershed liming over any period longer than a few days. During the final study year, increased methyl Hg concentrations were observed across reference and treated streams, which may reflect an extended dry period, highlighting that climate variation may also affect Hg dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Millard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45244, USA.
| | - Karen Riva-Murray
- U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Douglas A Burns
- U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Mario R Montesdeoca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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15
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Penland TN, Cope WG, Kwak TJ, Strynar MJ, Grieshaber CA, Heise RJ, Sessions FW. Trophodynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Food Web of a Large Atlantic Slope River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6800-6811. [PMID: 32345015 PMCID: PMC8190818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted scientific and regulatory attention due to their persistence, bioaccumulative potential, toxicity, and global distribution. We determined the accumulation and trophic transfer of 14 PFASs (5 short-chain and 9 long-chain) within the food web of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina, US. Food web components and pathways were determined by stable isotope analyses of producers, consumers, and organic matter. Analyses of water, sediment, organic matter, and aquatic biota revealed that PFASs were prevalent in all food web compartments. Biofilm, an aggregation of bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoans and a basal resource for the aquatic food web, showed high PFAS accumulation (in 10 of 14 compounds), particularly for perfluorooctanoic acid, with the greatest mean concentration of 463.73 ng/g. The food web compartment with the most detections and greatest concentrations of PFASs was aquatic insects; all 14 PFASs were detected in individual aquatic insect samples (range of <limit of detection [<LOD] to 1670.10 ng/g of wet weight [WW]). These findings may suggest a trophic link between biofilm PFASs and aquatic insect PFASs. Individual fish tissue samples ranged from <LOD to 797.00 ng/g of WW, where perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was the dominant PFAS among all samples (64%). The ova of an imperiled fish, the robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum), had concentrations of 10 PFASs (range of <LOD to 482.88 ng/g of WW) and the highest PFOS concentration (482.88 ng/g of WW), indicating a likely maternal transfer. The trophic magnification factors (TMFs) calculated in this study showed that various taxa accumulated PFAS compounds differently. PFBS, a short-chain PFAS compound that would presumably exhibit lesser TMFs, had nine values among our compartments and organisms >1.0 (range of 0.57 to 2.33); it is possible that an unmeasured PFBS precursor may be accumulating in biota and metabolizing to PFBS, leading to a higher than expected TMFs for this compound. Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of PFASs in a freshwater food web with potential implications for ecological and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany N. Penland
- North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University
| | - W. Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University
- Corresponding Author, Tel: +1-919-515-5296
| | - Thomas J. Kwak
- U.S. Geological Survey, North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - Casey A. Grieshaber
- North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University
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16
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Kelson SJ, Power ME, Finlay JC, Carlson SM. Partial migration alters population ecology and food chain length: evidence from a salmonid fish. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. Kelson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California, Berkeley 130 Mulford Hall Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Mary E. Power
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley 23060 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140 Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Jacques C. Finlay
- College of Biological Sciences University of Minnesota 1987 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Stephanie M. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California, Berkeley 130 Mulford Hall Berkeley California 94720 USA
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17
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Musseau C, Vincenzi S, Santoul F, Boulêtreau S, Jesenšek D, Crivelli AJ. Within-individual trophic variability drives short-term intraspecific trait variation in natural populations. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:921-932. [PMID: 31758696 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variability (ITV) maintains functional diversity in populations and communities, and plays a crucial role in ecological and evolutionary processes such as trophic cascades or speciation. Furthermore, functional variation within a species and its populations can help buffer against harmful environmental changes. Trait variability within species can be observed from differences among populations, and between- and within individuals. In animals, ITV can be driven by ontogeny, the environment in which populations live and by within-individual specialization or variation unrelated to growth. However, we still know little about the relative strength of these drivers in determining ITV variation in natural populations. Here, we aimed to (a) measure the relative strength of between- and within-individual effects of body size on ITV over time, and (b) disentangle the trophic changes due to ontogeny from other sources of variability, such as the environment experienced by populations and individual preferences at varying temporal and spatial scales. We used as a model system the endangered marble trout Salmo marmoratus, a freshwater fish living in a restricted geographical area (<900 km2 ) that shows marked changes in diet through ontogeny. We investigated two trophic traits, trophic position and resource use, with stable isotopes (δ15 N and δ13 C), and followed over time 238 individually tagged marble trout from six populations to estimate the trophic changes between and within individuals through ontogeny at three different time-scales (short term: 3 months, medium term: 1 year and long term: 2 years). We found that the relative strength of between- and within-individual effects of body size on trophic position and resource use change strongly over time. Both effects played a similar role in ITV over medium- and long-term time-scales, but within-individual effects were significantly driving trophic variability over short-term scales. Apart from ontogenetic shifts, individuals showed variability in trophic traits as big as the variability estimated between populations. Overall, our results show how the relative strengths of ITV drivers change over time. This study evidences the crucial importance of considering effects of time-scales on functional variability at individual, population and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Musseau
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.,EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alain J Crivelli
- Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Tour du Valat, Arles, France
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18
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Shan QIN, Jiansheng CUI, Lina SHEN, Lulu ZHANG, Zejia JU, Yu FU. The influences of eutrophication for the carbon and nitrogen sources for aquatic consumer communities—A case study in Lake Baiyangdian. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.18307/2020.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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19
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Inconsistent Relationships of Primary Consumer N Stable Isotope Values to Gradients of Sheep/Beef Farming Intensity and Flow Reduction in Streams. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope values of primary consumers have been proposed as indicators of human impacts on nitrogen dynamics. Until now, these values have been related only to single-stressor gradients of land-use intensity in stream ecology, whereas potential interactive effects of multiple stressors are unknown. It also remains unknown whether stable isotope values of different primary consumers show similar relationships along gradients of stressor intensities. We sampled three common invertebrate grazers along gradients of sheep/beef farming intensity (0–95% intensively managed exotic pasture) and flow reduction (0–92% streamflow abstracted for irrigation). The δ15N values of the three primary consumers differed substantially along stressor gradients. Deleatidium δ15N values were positively related to farming intensity, showing a saturation curve, whereas Physella snail δ15N values were negatively related to farming intensity and Potamopyrgus snail δ15N values showed no relationship. In addition, Deleatidium stable isotope values responded positively to flow reduction intensity, a previously unstudied variable. An antagonistic multiple-stressor interaction was detected only for the mayfly Deleatidium, which occurred in streams experiencing up to 53% farming intensity. The lack of consistency in the relationships of the most important primary consumer grazers along the studied gradients may reduce their suitability as an indicator of anthropogenic N inputs.
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20
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Thera JC, Kidd KA, Bertolo RF, O'Driscoll NJ. Tissue content of thiol-containing amino acids predicts methylmercury in aquatic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:567-573. [PMID: 31254822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates vary in methylmercury (MeHg) levels among systems which has been attributed, in part, to environmental conditions, but may also be linked to differences in their biochemical composition. As MeHg is known to bind to thiol-containing amino acids such as cysteine in proteins of fish, our objective was to determine if these amino acids explain MeHg variability among aquatic invertebrate taxa. Benthic macroinvertebrates from diverse functional feeding groups and bulk zooplankton were collected from six acidic lakes in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada, and analyzed for MeHg, cysteine (as cysteic acid), methionine (as methionine sulfone), and nitrogen (relative trophic level, δ15N) and carbon (carbon source, δ13C) isotopes. MeHg was significantly and positively related to cysteine or methionine in zooplankton, caddisfly and stonefly tissues (R2 from 0.24 to 0.57). In addition, methionine or cysteine in combination with δ15N and/or δ13C were better predictors of MeHg levels in stoneflies, mayflies, caddisflies and zooplankton among these lakes (R2adj = 0.25-0.91). Overall, these novel findings suggest that the variability in MeHg of aquatic invertebrates can be explained, in part, by their tissue levels of thiol-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Thera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada.
| | - Karen A Kidd
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada; Department of Biology & School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Robert F Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
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21
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Simmonet-Laprade C, Budzinski H, Babut M, Le Menach K, Munoz G, Lauzent M, Ferrari BJD, Labadie P. Investigation of the spatial variability of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance trophic magnification in selected riverine ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:393-401. [PMID: 31181525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence at different trophic levels of 17 poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and some of their precursors (e.g., perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTSA)), was investigated in riverine freshwater food webs in Southeastern France. Two fish species (Barbus barbus and Squalius cephalus) and various invertebrate taxa were collected in five rivers to assess the spatial variability of trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Particular attention was devoted to sample and data processing to minimize potential biases associated with the TMF determination. Fish were significantly more contaminated than invertebrates (ΣPFAS = 7-1811 vs. 0.9-213 ng g-1 wet weight (ww)). Those from the Rhône River presented significantly higher levels due to high concentrations of perfluoroundecanoic acid (406 ng g-1 ww) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (566 ng g-1 ww) ascribed to an industrial point source. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was dominant at the other sites (concentration range = 3.6-134 ng g-1 ww). Two linear regression models were compared (i.e., Kendall regression vs. Generalized Linear Mixed-Effect Model, GLMM). Results showed that TMFs calculated using the non-weighted Kendall regression were higher than those obtained using the GLMM approach. GLMM-based TMFs were consistently >1 for C9-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), PFOS and perfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDS), indicating their apparent biomagnification in the investigated food webs. Comparatively, 6:2 FTSA and N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) were less often detected and were not significantly biomagnified, probably because of metabolization. TMF estimates were generally consistent across sites although some PFASs (in particular C9, C10 and C13 PFCAs) displayed higher variability, due to a unique extreme value that may have resulted from the contribution of unattributed precursor biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC research group, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Marc Babut
- Irstea, Irstea, RIVERLY Research Unit, Lyon-Villeurbanne Center, 5 rue de la Doua CS 20244, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC research group, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC research group, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Mathilde Lauzent
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC research group, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Benoît J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, EPFL ENAC IIE-GE, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC research group, F-33400 Talence, France.
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22
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Muñoz‐Lazo FJJ, Franco‐Trecu V, Naya DE, Martinelli LA, Cruz‐Neto AP. Trophic niche changes associated with habitat fragmentation in a Neotropical bat species. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. J. Muñoz‐Lazo
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro SP Brasil
| | - Valentina Franco‐Trecu
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniel E. Naya
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Luiz A. Martinelli
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica Centro de Energia Nuclear para a Agricultura (CENA) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Piracicaba SP Brasil
| | - Ariovaldo P. Cruz‐Neto
- Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro SP Brasil
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23
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24
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Penland TN, Grieshaber CA, Kwak TJ, Cope WG, Heise RJ, Sessions FW. Food web contaminant dynamics of a large Atlantic Slope river: Implications for common and imperiled species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1062-1077. [PMID: 29758859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants often reach concentrations that threaten aquatic life by causing alterations in organism behavior and development, disruption of biological processes, reproductive abnormalities, and mortality. The objectives of this research were to determine the aquatic food web structure and trophic transfer and accumulation of contaminants within a riverine ecosystem and identify potential stressors to the health of an imperiled fish, the robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) and other species of conservation concern in a large Atlantic Slope (USA) river. Trophic position was determined for food web taxa by stable isotope analyses of representative producers, consumers, and organic matter of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina. Contaminant analyses were performed on water, sediment, organic matter, and aquatic biota to assess the prevalence and accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), current use pesticides (CUPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and selected metals. Contaminants were prevalent in the environment and food web components of the river. PCBs were detected in 32% of biotic samples (mean 0.24μg/g dry weight [DW], range 0.01-3.33μg/g DW), and DDTs (legacy OCPs and metabolites) were detected in 90% (mean 0.014μg/g DW, range 0.0004-0.29μg/g DW). The trace metals manganese and cadmium exceeded published threshold effect concentrations in sediment (460 and 0.99μg/g DW, respectively). Mercury was detected in all food web samples exhibiting a mean of 0.61μg/g DW and range 0.006-2.35μg/g DW (mean 0.13μg/g wet weight [WW], range 0.001-0.6μg/g WW). Concentrations exceeded the 0.2μg/g WW aquatic life criterion for mercury in 38% of fish samples. Fish trophic magnification factors (TMFs; range 0.33-3.75) indicated that contaminant accumulation occurred from both water and dietary sources. The combination of analytical approaches applied here provides new insight into contaminant dynamics with conservation implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany N Penland
- North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Casey A Grieshaber
- North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thomas J Kwak
- U.S. Geological Survey, North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - W Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ryan J Heise
- Duke Energy Environmental Services, Huntersville, NC 28078, USA
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Hette-Tronquart N, Oberdorff T, Tales E, Zahm A, Belliard J. Biological impacts of local vs. regional land use on a small tributary of the Seine River (France): insights from a food web approach based on stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23583-23594. [PMID: 28337627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the landscape, streams are influenced by land use. Here, we contributed to the understanding of the biological impacts of land use on streams, investigating how landscape effects vary with spatial scales (local vs. regional). We adopted a food web approach integrating both biological structure and functioning, to focus on the overall effect of land use on stream biocœnosis. We selected 17 sites of a small tributary of the Seine River (France) for their contrasted land use, and conducted a natural experiment by sampling three organic matter sources, three macroinvertebrate taxa, and most of the fish community. Using stable isotope analysis, we calculated three food web metrics evaluating two major dimensions of the trophic diversity displayed by the fish community: (i) the diversity of exploited resources and (ii) the trophic level richness. The idea was to examine whether (1) land-use effects varied according to spatial scales, (2) land use affected food webs through an effect on community structure and (3) land use affected food webs through an effect on available resources. Beside an increase in trophic diversity from upstream to downstream, our empirical data showed that food webs were influenced by land use in the riparian corridors (local scale). The effect was complex, and depended on site's position along the upstream-downstream gradient. By contrast, land use in the catchment (regional scale) did not influence stream biocœnosis. At the local scale, community structure was weakly influenced by land use, and thus played a minor role in explaining food web modifications. Our results suggested that the amount of available resources at the base of the food web was partly responsible for food web modifications. In addition, changes in biological functioning (i.e. feeding interactions) can also explain another part of the land-use effect. These results highlight the role played by the riparian corridors as a buffer zone, and advocate that riparian corridor should be at the centre of water management attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Oberdorff
- UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS, IRD, UPS, ENFA, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Tales
- Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony, France
| | - Amandine Zahm
- Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony, France
| | - Jérôme Belliard
- Irstea, UR HBAN, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, F-92761, Antony, France
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Moyo S, Richoux NB. The relative importance of autochthony along the longitudinal gradient of a small South African river influenced by agricultural activities. FOOD WEBS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sabo JL, Caron M, Doucett R, Dibble KL, Ruhi A, Marks JC, Hungate BA, Kennedy TA. Pulsed flows, tributary inputs and food-web structure in a highly regulated river. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Sabo
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
| | - Melanie Caron
- Colorado Plateau Stable Isotope Laboratory; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Rick Doucett
- Colorado Plateau Stable Isotope Laboratory; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
- Rick Doucett, Department of Plant Sciences; UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility; Room 1210 PES One Shields Avenue Davis CA USA
| | - Kimberly L. Dibble
- U.S. Geological Survey; Southwest Biological Science Center; Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center; Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Albert Ruhi
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
| | - Jane C. Marks
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University. Flagstaff; AZ USA
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Colorado Plateau Stable Isotope Laboratory; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Ted A. Kennedy
- U.S. Geological Survey; Southwest Biological Science Center; Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center; Flagstaff AZ USA
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Musseau C, Vincenzi S, Jesenšek D, Cantera I, Boulêtreau S, Santoul F, Crivelli AJ. Direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on dietary niches in size-structured populations of a wild salmonid. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yuen EYL, Dudgeon D. Dietary Dependence of Predatory Arthropods on Volant Aquatic Insects in Tropical Stream Riparia. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y. L. Yuen
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - David Dudgeon
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
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Scudder Eikenberry BC, Riva-Murray K, Knightes CD, Journey CA, Chasar LC, Brigham ME, Bradley PM. Optimizing fish sampling for fish-mercury bioaccumulation factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:467-473. [PMID: 25592462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs; ratios of mercury (Hg) in fish (Hgfish) and water (Hgwater)) are used to develop total maximum daily load and water quality criteria for Hg-impaired waters. Both applications require representative Hgfish estimates and, thus, are sensitive to sampling and data-treatment methods. Data collected by fixed protocol from 11 streams in 5 states distributed across the US were used to assess the effects of Hgfish normalization/standardization methods and fish-sample numbers on BAF estimates. Fish length, followed by weight, was most correlated to adult top-predator Hgfish. Site-specific BAFs based on length-normalized and standardized Hgfish estimates demonstrated up to 50% less variability than those based on non-normalized Hgfish. Permutation analysis indicated that length-normalized and standardized Hgfish estimates based on at least 8 trout or 5 bass resulted in mean Hgfish coefficients of variation less than 20%. These results are intended to support regulatory mercury monitoring and load-reduction program improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lia C Chasar
- U.S. Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32303, United States
| | - Mark E Brigham
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112, United States
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, SC 29210, United States.
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Sullivan SMP, Hossler K, Cianfrani CM. Ecosystem Structure Emerges as a Strong Determinant of Food-Chain Length in Linked Stream–Riparian Ecosystems. Ecosystems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baltensperger A, Huettmann F, Hagelin J, Welker J. Quantifying trophic niche spaces of small mammals using stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) at two scales across Alaska. CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Changing climate conditions are causing global distribution shifts, resulting in altered food webs and novel species assemblages in terrestrial systems. How diets of sympatric small mammals overlap and whether this may translate into competitive exclusion among new species interactions remains largely unknown. Monitoring niche overlap in changing arctic and boreal communities can assist in forecasting interspecific competition and species turnover. We quantified the isotopic niche spaces of small mammals, which may reflect dietary niche spaces, at study sites along two megatransects spanning Alaska. Field sampling resulted in the capture of 724 small mammals belonging to 12 species of rodent (10 Arvicolinae and 2 Sciuridae) and 6 species of shrew (genus Sorex L., 1758). We created dietary mixing models based on hair samples for four rodent species using stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) analyses in R. We also modeled isotopic niche ellipses and quantified niche overlap among species at small and large scales. A varied combination of fungi and herbaceous plants composed the diets of most species. Fundamental niche spaces overlapped considerably between sympatric species statewide, but realized niche spaces were largely segregated at individual sites. We conclude that some degree of dietary plasticity served to partition niche spaces and minimize interspecific competition, allowing sympatric species to co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Baltensperger
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 902 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - F. Huettmann
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 902 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - J.C. Hagelin
- Wildlife Diversity Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1300 College Road, Fairbanks, AK 99701, USA
| | - J.M. Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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Fletcher DE, Lindell AH, Stillings GK, Mills GL, Blas SA, McArthur JV. Trophic Variation in Coastal Plain Stream Predatory Fishes. SOUTHEAST NAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/058.014.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ouédraogo O, Chételat J, Amyot M. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of mercury and selenium in african sub-tropical fluvial reservoirs food webs (Burkina Faso). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123048. [PMID: 25875292 PMCID: PMC4395242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) were investigated in sub-tropical freshwater food webs from Burkina Faso, West Africa, a region where very few ecosystem studies on contaminants have been performed. During the 2010 rainy season, samples of water, sediment, fish, zooplankton, and mollusks were collected from three water reservoirs and analysed for total Hg (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), and total Se (TSe). Ratios of δ13C and δ15N were measured to determine food web structures and patterns of contaminant accumulation and transfer to fish. Food chain lengths (FCLs) were calculated using mean δ15N of all primary consumer taxa collected as the site-specific baseline. We report relatively low concentrations of THg and TSe in most fish. We also found in all studied reservoirs short food chain lengths, ranging from 3.3 to 3.7, with most fish relying on a mixture of pelagic and littoral sources for their diet. Mercury was biomagnified in fish food webs with an enrichment factor ranging from 2.9 to 6.5 for THg and from 2.9 to 6.6 for MeHg. However, there was no evidence of selenium biomagnification in these food webs. An inverse relationship was observed between adjusted δ15N and log-transformed Se:Hg ratios, indicating that Se has a lesser protective effect in top predators, which are also the most contaminated animals with respect to MeHg. Trophic position, carbon source, and fish total length were the factors best explaining Hg concentration in fish. In a broader comparison of our study sites with literature data for other African lakes, the THg biomagnification rate was positively correlated with FCL. We conclude that these reservoir systems from tropical Western Africa have low Hg biomagnification associated with short food chains. This finding may partly explain low concentrations of Hg commonly reported in fish from this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousséni Ouédraogo
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Chételat
- Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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35
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Trophic dynamics of several fish species in lakes of a climatically sensitive region, the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clayden MG, Kidd KA, Chételat J, Hall BD, Garcia E. Environmental, geographic and trophic influences on methylmercury concentrations in macroinvertebrates from lakes and wetlands across Canada. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:273-84. [PMID: 24390723 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Macroinvertebrates are a key vector in the transfer of methylmercury (MeHg) to fish. However, the factors that affect MeHg concentrations and bioaccumulation in these organisms are not as well understood as for fish, and studies on a broad geographic scale are lacking. In this study, we gathered published and unpublished MeHg and carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) stable isotope data for freshwater macroinvertebrates from 119 lakes and wetlands across seven Canadian provinces, along with selected physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these systems. Overall, water pH was the most important determinant of MeHg concentrations in both predatory and non-predatory invertebrates [[Formula: see text] = 0.32, p < 0.001; multivariate canonical redundancy analysis (RDA)]. The location of lakes explained additional variation in invertebrate MeHg (partial R(2) = 0.08 and 0.06 for latitude and longitude, respectively; RDA), with higher concentrations in more easterly and southerly regions. Both invertebrate foraging behaviour and trophic position (indicated by functional feeding groups and δ(15)N values, respectively) also predicted MeHg concentrations in the organisms. Collectively, results indicate that in addition to their feeding ecology, invertebrates accumulate more MeHg in acidic systems where the supply of MeHg to the food web is typically high. MeHg concentrations in macroinvertebrates may also be influenced by larger-scale geographic differences in atmospheric mercury deposition among regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith G Clayden
- Biology Department, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada
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37
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Does the introduced signal crayfish occupy an equivalent trophic niche to the lost native noble crayfish in boreal lakes? Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hofmeister NR, Welk M, Freedberg S. Elevated levels of δ15N in riverine Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta): trophic enrichment or anthropogenic input? CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural abundance of stable isotopes of elements in animal tissue is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotically, animals feeding at higher trophic levels are enriched in the ratio of 15N:14N (δ15N) relative to their food resources owing to the preferential excretion of 14N. Abiotically, increases in δ15N may also reflect different sources of biologically available nitrogen, including nitrogen resulting from denitrification of inorganic fertilizer. We studied variation in δ15N among freshwater turtle populations to assess spatial variation in δ15N and to determine whether this variation can be attributed to differences in nitrogen source or trophic enrichment. We examined nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios in duckweed (genus Lemna L.) and in Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)) in aquatic ecosystems expected to be differentially affected by agricultural activity and denitrification of inorganic fertilizer. Across sites, C. picta δ15N was strongly correlated with Lemna δ15N and was elevated in sites influenced by agricultural activity. Furthermore, trophic position of turtles was not associated with δ15N but was consistent with expected values for primary consumers in freshwater systems, indicating that differences in tissue δ15N could be attributed to differences in initial sources of nitrogen in each ecosystem. Our results suggest that care must be taken when attributing differences in isotopic values of animal populations to trophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R. Hofmeister
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Megan Welk
- College of Menominee Nation, Keshena, WI 54135, USA
| | - Steven Freedberg
- Department of Biology, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
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Clayden MG, Kidd KA, Wyn B, Kirk JL, Muir DCG, O'Driscoll NJ. Mercury biomagnification through food webs is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12047-53. [PMID: 24099312 DOI: 10.1021/es4022975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination in aquatic systems remains a global concern because the organic form, methyl Hg (MeHg), can biomagnify to harmful concentrations in fish, fish-eating wildlife, and humans. Food web transfer of MeHg has been explored using models of log MeHg versus relative trophic position (nitrogen isotopes, δ(15)N), but regression slopes vary across systems for unknown reasons. In this study, MeHg biomagnification was determined for 11 lake food webs in Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada, and compared to physical and chemical lake characteristics using principal component and multiple regression analyses. MeHg biomagnification (regression slopes of log MeHg versus baseline-adjusted δ(15)N for fishes and invertebrates) varied significantly across lakes and was higher in systems with lower aqueous nutrient/MeHg/chloride scores. This is one of the largest, consistent data sets available on MeHg biomagnification through temperate lake food webs and the first study to use a principal component and multiple regression approach to understand how lake chemical and physical characteristics interact to affect biomagnification among systems. Overall, our results show that the magnitude of MeHg biomagnification through lake food webs is related to the chemical and physical characteristics of the systems, but the underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith G Clayden
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Biology Department, University of New Brunswick , Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
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40
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de Wit HA, Kainz MJ, Lindholm M. Methylmercury bioaccumulation in invertebrates of boreal streams in Norway: effects of aqueous methylmercury and diet retention. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 164:235-41. [PMID: 22377901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of aqueous methylmercury (MeHg) to primary consumers in aquatic foodwebs is poorly understood despite its importance for bioaccumulation of MeHg. We studied bioaccumulation of MeHg in simple aquatic food chains of two humic boreal streams in relation to streamwater chemistry, food web characteristics and dietary fatty acid (FA) biomarkers. Transfer of aqueous MeHg into primary consumers was similar in both streams, resulting in higher MeHg in consumers in the MeHg-rich stream. Trophic enrichment of MeHg and dietary retention of FA biomarkers was the same in both streams, suggesting that exposure to aqueous MeHg at the base of the food chain determined levels of MeHg in biota. In addition, contents of dietary biomarkers suggested that ingestion of algae reduced MeHg bioaccumulation, while ingestion of bacteria stimulated MeHg uptake. Dietary uptake of bacteria could thus be an important pathway for MeHg-transfer at the bottom of food chains in humic streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen A de Wit
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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41
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Henderson BL, Chumchal MM, Drenner RW, Deng Y, Diaz P, Nowlin WH. Effects of fish on mercury contamination of macroinvertebrate communities of Grassland ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:870-876. [PMID: 22278821 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is an environmental contaminant that negatively affects the health of vertebrate consumers such as fish, birds, and mammals. Although aquatic macroinvertebrates are a key link in the trophic transfer of Hg to vertebrate consumers, Hg contamination in macroinvertebrate communities has not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to examine how Hg in macroinvertebrate communities is affected by the presence of fish. We sampled macroinvertebrates from five ponds with fish and five ponds without fish, at the Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland in north Texas, USA. Ponds without fish contained a higher biomass of macroinvertebrates and taxa with higher concentrations of Hg, which led to a higher Hg pool in the macroinvertebrate community. A total of 73% of the macroinvertebrate biomass from ponds without fish was composed of taxa with the potential to emerge and transport Hg out of ponds into terrestrial food webs. The results of the present study suggest that small ponds, the numerically dominant aquatic ecosystems in the United States, may be more at risk for containing organisms with elevated Hg concentrations than has been appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Henderson
- Institute for Environmental Studies and School of Geology, Energy, and the Environment, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Jardine TD, Kidd KA, Rasmussen JB. Aquatic and terrestrial organic matter in the diet of stream consumers: implications for mercury bioaccumulation. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:843-55. [PMID: 22645815 DOI: 10.1890/11-0874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The relative contribution of aquatic vs. terrestrial organic matter to the diet of consumers in fluvial environments and its effects on bioaccumulation of contaminants such as mercury (Hg) remain poorly understood. We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in a gradient approach (consumer isotope ratio vs. periphyton isotope ratio) across temperate streams that range in their pH to assess consumer reliance on aquatic (periphyton) vs. terrestrial (riparian vegetation) organic matter, and whether Hg concentrations in fish and their prey were related to these energy sources. Taxa varied in their use of the two sources, with grazing mayflies (Heptageniidae), predatory stoneflies (Perlidae), one species of water strider (Metrobates hesperius), and the fish blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) showing strong connections to aquatic sources, while Aquarius remigis water striders and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) showed a weak link to in-stream production. The aquatic food source for consumers, periphyton, had higher Hg concentrations in low-pH waters, and pH was a much better predictor of Hg in predatory invertebrates that relied mainly on this food source vs. those that used terrestrial C. These findings suggest that stream biota relying mainly on dietary inputs from the riparian zone will be partially insulated from the effects of water chemistry on Hg availability. This has implications for the development of a whole-system understanding of nutrient and material cycling in streams, the choice of taxa in contaminant monitoring studies, and in understanding the fate of Hg in stream food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Jardine
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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Assessing trophic position from nitrogen isotope ratios: effective calibration against spatially varying baselines. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99:275-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-012-0896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bates LM, Hall BD. Concentrations of methylmercury in invertebrates from wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:153-160. [PMID: 22035939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prairie wetlands may be important sites of mercury (Hg) methylation resulting in elevated methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in water, sediments and biota. Invertebrates are an important food resource and may act as an indicator of MeHg exposure to higher organisms. In 2007-2008, invertebrates were collected from wetland ponds in central Saskatchewan, categorized into functional feeding groups (FFGs) and analyzed for total Hg (THg) and MeHg. Methylmercury and THg concentrations in four FFGs ranged from 0.2-393.5 ng · g(-1) and 9.7-507.1 ng · g(-1), respectively. Methylmercury concentrations generally increased from gastropods with significantly lower average MeHg concentrations compared to other invertebrate taxa. Surrounding land use (agricultural, grassland and organic agricultural) may influence MeHg concentrations in invertebrates, with invertebrate MeHg concentrations being higher from organic ponds (457.5 ± 156.7 ng · g(-1)) compared to those from grassland ponds (74.8 ± 14.6 ng · g(-1)) and ponds on agricultural lands (32.8 ± 6.2 ng · g(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
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Woodland RJ, Rodríguez MA, Magnan P, Glémet H, Cabana G. Incorporating temporally dynamic baselines in isotopic mixing models. Ecology 2012; 93:131-44. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0505.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Riva-Murray K, Chasar LC, Bradley PM, Burns DA, Brigham ME, Smith MJ, Abrahamsen TA. Spatial patterns of mercury in macroinvertebrates and fishes from streams of two contrasting forested landscapes in the eastern United States. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:1530-42. [PMID: 21743999 PMCID: PMC3175049 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Controls on mercury bioaccumulation in lotic ecosystems are not well understood. During 2007-2009, we studied mercury and stable isotope spatial patterns of macroinvertebrates and fishes from two medium-sized (<80 km(2)) forested basins in contrasting settings. Samples were collected seasonally from multiple sites across the Fishing Brook basin (FB(NY)), in New York's Adirondack Mountains, and the McTier Creek basin (MC(SC)), in South Carolina's Coastal Plain. Mean methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations within macroinvertebrate feeding groups, and mean total mercury (THg) concentrations within most fish feeding groups were similar between the two regions. However, mean THg concentrations in game fish and forage fish, overall, were much lower in FB(NY) (1300 and 590 ng/g dw, respectively) than in MC(SC) (2300 and 780 ng/g dw, respectively), due to lower trophic positions of these groups from FB(NY) (means 3.3 and 2.7, respectively) than MC(SC) (means 3.7 and 3.3, respectively). Much larger spatial variation in topography and water chemistry across FB(NY) contributed to greater spatial variation in biotic Hg and positive correlations with dissolved MeHg and organic carbon in streamwater. Hydrologic transport distance (HTD) was negatively correlated with biotic Hg across FB(NY), and was a better predictor than wetland density. The small range of landscape conditions across MC(SC) resulted in no consistent spatial patterns, and no discernable correspondence with local-scale environmental factors. This study demonstrates the importance of local-scale environmental factors to mercury bioaccumulation in topographically heterogeneous landscapes, and provides evidence that food-chain length can be an important predictor of broad-scale differences in Hg bioaccumulation among streams.
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Food-web structure of coastal streams in Costa Rica revealed by dietary and stable isotope analyses. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467411000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Food webs of streams draining tropical rain forests on Costa Rica's Pacific and Caribbean coasts were examined in the 1980s via dietary analyses, and the same streams were surveyed again in 2004 to compare trophic structure based on analysis of stable isotope ratios of fish, macro-invertebrate and plant tissues. Estimates of species’ trophic positions (TP) were calculated from stomach-contents data (51 species; 5420 specimens) and compared with TP estimates derived from analysis of nitrogen isotope ratios (82 taxa; 240 samples). Coefficients of determination for TP based on dietary versus isotopic analysis ranged from 0.18 (Quebrada Camaronal, Corcovado) to 0.73 (Quebrada Estacion, Tortuguero). Consumer taxa within all four streams spanned a broad range of carbon isotope values, indicating assimilation of variable proportions of carbon from periphyton and terrestrial vegetation that in all but one of the streams had similar δ13C values. Approximately half the consumers in all four streams had carbon ratios heavier than any of the in situ production sources examined. This pattern could be explained by consumption of other production sources that were not sampled, including periphyton taxa with variable carbon isotope signatures, or migration of prey and/or consumers between these freshwater and coastal marine habitats.
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Jardine TD, Kidd KA. Low concentrations of selenium in stream food webs of eastern Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:785-91. [PMID: 21146198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous and predatory invertebrates and two species of fish (brook trout and blacknose dace) were collected from 49 streams in New Brunswick, Canada to determine whether concentrations of selenium (Se) in the biota were affected by a point source (a coal-fired power plant), and stream water chemistry (pH, sulphate, conductivity, and total organic carbon), and to determine the trophic transfer of Se through these food webs. Total Se concentrations in the biota were generally low (0.2 to 4.8 μg g(-1) dry weight) across sites and there was no relationship between distance from the coal-fired power plant and Se concentrations in invertebrates or fishes. Water chemistry was an equally poor predictor of Se concentrations in invertebrates and fish. Trophic position (determined using δ(15)N) was a significant predictor of Se concentrations in only five of the stream food webs, and two of these had negative slopes, indicating little or no trophic magnification across most systems; many fishes had lower concentrations than their invertebrate prey and trophic transfer was higher at sites with low invertebrate Se concentrations. Variability in Se concentrations in fishes was explained more by site of capture than microhabitat use within the site (as measured with δ(13)C), suggesting among-site differences in geological sources of Se. Because concentrations were below known toxicity thresholds for fish and other consumers, these results suggest that Se is not an environmental issue in New Brunswick streams that do not receive direct inputs from mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Jardine
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada.
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Larson ER, Olden JD, Usio N. Decoupled conservatism of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches in an invasive arthropod. Ecosphere 2010. [DOI: 10.1890/es10-00053.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Larson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA
| | - Nisikawa Usio
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
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Al-Ansari AM, Saleem A, Kimpe LE, Sherry JP, McMaster ME, Trudeau VL, Blais JM. Bioaccumulation of the pharmaceutical 17alpha-ethinylestradiol in shorthead redhorse suckers (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) from the St. Clair River, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:2566-2571. [PMID: 20561724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen prescribed as a contraceptive, was measured in Shorthead Redhorse Suckers (ShRHSs) (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) collected near a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the St. Clair River (Ontario, Canada). We detected EE2 in 50% of the fish samples caught near the WWTP (Stag Island), which averaged 1.6+/-0.6ng/g (wet weight) in males and 1.43+/-0.96ng/g in females. No EE2 was detected in the samples from the reference site (Port Lambton) which was 26km further downstream of the Stag Island site. Only males from Stag Island had VTG induction, suggesting the Corunna WWTP effluent as a likely source of environmental estrogen. EE2 concentrations were correlated with total body lipid content (R(2)=0.512, p<0.01, n=10). Lipid normalized EE2 concentrations were correlated with delta(15)N (R(2)=0.436, p<0.05, n=10), suggesting higher EE2 exposures in carnivores. Our data support the hypothesis of EE2 bioaccumulation in wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Al-Ansari
- University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Chemical and Environmental Toxicology, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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