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Clementino LC, Freire-Maia J, Pereira TS, Martins-Júnior PA. Passive smoking and early childhood caries: when adult addiction affects children's oral health. Evid Based Dent 2024; 25:49-50. [PMID: 38273113 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
DATA SOURCES Medline via EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus up to February 2023. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies in the English language published in peer-reviewed journals, encompassing children aged 0 to 6 years exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and passive smoking, with a focus on oral health conditions in deciduous dentition. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted from 25 papers, encompassing study details, oral health, and smoking exposure. Confounding factors such as parental education, income, diet, fluoride exposure, gender, and oral hygiene practices were also identified. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Frequency effect size was calculated for health variables and smoking exposure. RESULTS Most studies identified a correlation between passive smoking and an increased prevalence of dental caries. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and dental caries risk were influenced by factors such as low parental education, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, oral hygiene, and gender. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review strongly indicate a significant association between dental caries in deciduous dentition and passive smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Chagas Clementino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freire-Maia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio Silva Pereira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Paqué PN, Hjerppe J, Zuercher AN, Jung RE, Joda T. Salivary biomarkers as key to monitor personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry: A scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1003679. [PMID: 36338569 PMCID: PMC9632857 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1003679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized Oral Healthcare has recently become the new trend word in medicine and dentistry. In this context, saliva diagnostics using various biomarkers seem to be the gateway to personalized dental diagnostics and therapy. But the terminology is not (yet) uniformly defined, furthermore it is unclear to what extent which salivary markers play a relevant role in the therapeutic decision making. In this Scoping Review, an electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases using medical subject headings (MESH terms) “saliva”, “biomarker”, “personality/persons”, and “dentistry”. Only human studies were included, in which repeated salivary measurements were performed to analyze monitoring effects with at least ten patients per group. PRISMA-ScR and Tricco guidelines were followed: (i) to examine what salivary biomarkers have been explored in terms of personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry, (ii) to investigate the clinical relevance for oral health and its correlation to systemic health, and (iii) to summarize an outlook for future developments based on these results. Out of 899 studies, a total of 57 were included for data extraction in this Scoping Review, mainly focusing on periodontal therapy and patient monitoring. Salivary biomarkers have shown the potential to change the field of dentistry in all dental disciplines as a key for personalized workflows. The increasing interest in dental research is obvious, demonstrated by the growing number of publications in recent years. At this time, however, the predominant discipline is periodontology, which allows biomarker-based monitoring of the disease prevention and progression. The studies included showed heterogeneous methods using manifolds biomarkers. Therefore, no uniformly accepted concept can be presented today. Further clinical research with well-defined outcomes including standardized procedures is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pune Nina Paqué
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Hjerppe
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anina N. Zuercher
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronald E. Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Joda
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Tim Joda
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Apatzidou DA. The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:45-61. [PMID: 35950749 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been implicated in periodontal pathology through various mechanisms, including perturbations of the inflammatory and host responses to putative periodontal pathogens, alterations in the subgingival microbial communities, and a compromised healing potential of the tissues leading to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. This review provides the evidence for the relationship between cigarette smoking and periodontal disease in an attempt to explain possible mechanisms of how tobacco smoking may exert its negative effects on the periodontal tissues via systemic and localized pathways. Early and more recent studies explore cigarette smoking-induced changes in periodontal clinical indices; in subgingival microbial flora by employing traditional detection methods for selected microorganisms, in addition to modern techniques such as deep sequencing and bioinformatics analyses that are able to fully characterize the microbial communities; and in inflammatory and immune responses critically appraising study limitations and differences in study protocol designs. Periodontal treatment outcomes and implant therapy outcomes are reviewed in an attempt to shed light on possible mechanisms for the inferior treatment outcome noted in smokers. The potential harmful effects of passive smoking are also reviewed, providing evidence for the advantages of smoking cessation. Quitting cigarette smoking should be recommended by the dentist, and effort should be made to inform smokers about the negative effects of smoking on the periodontal status and implant therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bazarnyi VV, Sidenkova AP, Sosnin DY. Lactoferrin of oral fluid is normal and in Alzheimer's disease: laboratory and diagnostic aspects (review of literature). Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:207-212. [PMID: 35575393 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-4-207-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the clinical value of determining the lactoferrin protein in oral fluid - one of the representatives of the saliva proteome. The review is based on the analysis of modern literature, including systematic reviews, the results of multicenter prospective studies, review and original articles by leading experts in this field, presented in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka. The problems of the preanalytical stage, methods for determining lactoferrin are highlighted and information about its content in mixed saliva according to various authors is provided. Special attention is paid to the clinical and diagnostic value of the level of salivary lactoferrin in Alzheimer's disease. According to most authors, the diagnostic sensitivity of this parameter ranges from 87 to 100%. Some mechanisms of the relationship between this protein and the central nervous system (CNS) are shown. In conclusion, it is concluded that salivary lactoferrin can be an "indicator" of the formation of amyloid plaques and can be considered as one of the reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. This opinion is based both on fundamental ideas about the global relationship between innate immunity and the central nervous system, and on clinical data. The special advantage of this laboratory test is its non-invasiveness, which makes it more preferable in comparison with the determination of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
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Goswami S, Ylöstalo P, Khan S, Knuuttila M, Bernabe E, Suominen AL. Effect of smoking on periodontal health and validation of self-reported smoking status with serum cotinine levels. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:573-581. [PMID: 33966590 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1917655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether self-reported smoking and serum cotinine levels associate with periodontal pocket development and to determine the accuracy of self-reported smoking using serum cotinine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This 4-year prospective cohort study included data from 294 dentate adults, aged ≥30 years, who participated in both the Health 2000 Survey and the Follow-up Study of Finnish Adults' Oral Health. Subjectively reported smoking status (daily smokers n = 62, occasional smokers n = 12, quitters n = 49, and never-smokers n = 171), serum cotinine levels, demographic factors, education level, dental behaviours and medical history were collected at baseline. The outcome measure was the number of teeth with periodontal pocketing ≥4 mm over 4 years. RESULTS Self-reported daily smokers had 1.82 (95% CI: 1.32-2.50) higher incidence of deepened periodontal pockets than never-smokers. A positive association was observed between serum cotinine (≥42.0 μg/L) and the development of periodontal pockets. The misclassification rate of self-reported smoking was 6%. CONCLUSIONS Both self-reported daily smoking and higher serum cotinine were associated with periodontal pocket development. Self-reported smoking was fairly accurate in this study. However, higher cotinine levels among a few self-reported never-smokers indicated misreporting or passive smoking. Thus, self-reports alone are not enough to assess the smoking-attributable disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goswami
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Ylöstalo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohaib Khan
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King’s College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Lalkota H, Alluri LSC, Da Silva APB, Gummalla S, Kondareddy KMR. Estimation and Correlation of Serum Albumin and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels Between Smokers and Non-smokers With Generalized Chronic Periodontitis. Cureus 2021; 13:e17474. [PMID: 34603867 PMCID: PMC8475943 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease triggered by periodontal microbial interaction present in the dysbiotic biofilm and the host's immune response further leads to the destruction of the supporting periodontal apparatus, which may, in turn, lead to tooth loss. Smoking is an environmental risk factor for periodontitis, and it enhances the secretion of various enzymes from host cells, which results in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The albumin concentration is related to nutrition and inflammation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme found in various cells of the periodontium, is considered to cause the destruction of the periodontium. The study aimed to compare the serum albumin and serum ALP levels in smokers and non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included a total of 60 subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups, which included non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (NS+P) and smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (S+P). Clinical parameters analyzed were plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. The serum ALP and albumin levels were analyzed using a fully automated analyzer. Results The serum ALP levels were higher in the S+P group compared to the NS+P group. Conversely, the serum albumin levels were lower in the S+P group compared to the NS+P group. Conclusion There was a significant correlation of increased serum ALP levels and decreased serum albumin levels in the S+P group compared to the NS+P group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Lalkota
- Periodontology and Implantology, AME's Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, IND
| | - Leela Subhashini C Alluri
- Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, USA.,Periodontics, Private Practice, Oklahoma, USA
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Bartolome F, Orive G, Carro E. Standardizing salivary lactoferrin measurements to obtain a robust diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12173. [PMID: 33969170 PMCID: PMC8088590 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The search for new, robust, and reproducible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is a challenge. We recently reported that salivary lactoferrin (Lf) could be presented as new biomarker candidate for AD, being both non-invasive and cost-effective, as well as having appropriate diagnostic performance for the clinical detection of AD subjects. Saliva is an attractive sample type for biomarker-based testing approaches for several other diseases; however, its composition may change under certain circumstances. It is therefore critical to maintain a consistent salivary handling protocol, considering possible extrinsic factors that may influence salivary Lf concentration. In this work, we analyzed salivary Lf concentration under different handling conditions and donor-dependent factors including age, inter-diurnal variations, physical activity, and pharmacological treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of such conditions on salivary Lf concentration. In conclusion, we found that most of these extrinsic factors should be considered in the future when using Lf as a predictive biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bartolome
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)CordobaSpain
- Group of Neurodegenerative DiseasesHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12)MadridSpain
| | - Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque CountryVitoriaSpain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research GroupVitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Networked Center for Biomedical Research in BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)CordobaSpain
- Group of Neurodegenerative DiseasesHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12)MadridSpain
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González-Sánchez M, Bartolome F, Antequera D, Puertas-Martín V, González P, Gómez-Grande A, Llamas-Velasco S, Herrero-San Martín A, Pérez-Martínez D, Villarejo-Galende A, Atienza M, Palomar-Bonet M, Cantero JL, Perry G, Orive G, Ibañez B, Bueno H, Fuster V, Carro E. Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102834. [PMID: 32586758 PMCID: PMC7378957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains may suggest a deteriorated innate immune system in AD pathophysiology. We previously demonstrated reduced salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels, one of the major antimicrobial proteins, in AD patients. METHODS To assess the clinical utility of salivary Lf for AD diagnosis, we examine the relationship between salivary Lf and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) load using amyloid-Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging, in two different cross-sectional cohorts including patients with different neurodegenerative disorders. FINDINGS The diagnostic performance of salivary Lf in the cohort 1 had an area under the curve [AUC] of 0•95 (0•911-0•992) for the differentiation of the prodromal AD/AD group positive for amyloid-PET (PET+) versus healthy group, and 0•97 (0•924-1) versus the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) group. In the cohort 2, salivary Lf had also an excellent diagnostic performance in the health control group versus prodromal AD comparison: AUC 0•93 (0•876-0•989). Salivary Lf detected prodromal AD and AD dementia distinguishing them from FTD with over 87% sensitivity and 91% specificity. INTERPRETATION Salivary Lf seems to have a very good diagnostic performance to detect AD. Our findings support the possible utility of salivary Lf as a new non-invasive and cost-effective AD biomarker. FUNDING Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS15/00780, FIS18/00118), FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3700; NEUROMETAB-CM), and CIBERNED (PI2016/01) to E.C.; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2017-85310-R) to J.L.C., and (PSI2017-85311-P) to M.A.; International Centre on ageing CENIE-POCTEP (0348_CIE_6_E) to M.A.; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE16/00021, PI17/01799), to H.B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta González-Sánchez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Bartolome
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Puertas-Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Gómez-Grande
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Herrero-San Martín
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Martínez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spain
| | - Miriam Palomar-Bonet
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spain
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain; Networked Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundacion Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Gay IC, Tran DT, Paquette DW. Alcohol intake and periodontitis in adults aged ≥30 years: NHANES 2009-2012. J Periodontol 2019; 89:625-634. [PMID: 29572839 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether an association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis exists is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis. METHODS 7062 adults 30 years or older who participated in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Alcohol consumption measurement included self-reported average number of alcoholic drinks per week over the previous 12 months and was categorized into four groups (0, < 1, 1- < 8, and ≥8 drinks per week). Participants were categorized using surveillance case definitions for periodontitis that included both clinical attachment level (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PD) measurements. The association between alcohol consumption and chronic periodontitis was evaluated by multivariable regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking, self-rated overall oral health, and HbA1c . RESULTS The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having severe periodontitis was 1.9 (1.2-3) among participants who reported alcohol consumption of ≥8 drinks compared to participants consuming some alcohol but < 1 drink per week on average. Participants who consumed 1- < 8, and ≥8 drinks per week, on average, also had higher mean PD, percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm, mean CAL, and percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 mm compared to participants reporting consumption of < 1 drink per week. Meanwhile, the odds of having periodontitis, mean PD, extent PD ≥4 mm, mean CAL, and extent CAL ≥3 mm were not significantly different for nondrinkers than for participants who consumed some alcohol but < 1 drink per week on average. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption was associated with an increase in the likelihood of having periodontitis, particularly severe periodontitis. Consumption of some alcohol, < 1 drink per week on average, was associated with similar odds of having periodontitis compared to consumption of no alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Gay
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Duong T Tran
- Research Administration Dental, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - David W Paquette
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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Cichońska D, Kusiak A, Kochańska B, Ochocińska J, Świetlik D. Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Antibacterial Properties of Saliva. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4433. [PMID: 31726698 PMCID: PMC6888580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate changes in selected physicochemical properties of saliva collected from users of electronic cigarettes. Methods: The study population consisted of 120 patients (40 users of electronic cigarettes, 40 smokers of traditional cigarettes and 40 non-smokers). Laboratory tests included verification of saliva amount of lysozyme, lactoferrin and IgA. Results: Among e-cigarette users, statistically significant differences were observed in values of lysozyme and lactoferrin; however, no statistically significant differences for the IgA value were found. In the group of traditional cigarette smokers, statistically significant differences were observed among all tested parameters in relation to the control group. In relation to IgA, statistically significant differences were found between e-cigarette users and traditional cigarette smokers, to the disadvantage of the latter. Conclusion: Saliva of e-cigarette users showed changes of antibacterial properties in comparison to the control group and traditional cigarette smokers. Further longitudinal studies on larger study groups should be conducted in order to assess the effect of observed changes in the antibacterial properties of saliva on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Cichońska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Aida Kusiak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Barbara Kochańska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (B.K.)
| | - Jolanta Ochocińska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (B.K.)
| | - Dariusz Świetlik
- Department of Biostatistics and Neural Networks, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
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dos Santos JDMB, Foster R, Jonckheere AC, Rossi M, Luna Junior LA, Katekaru CM, de Sá MC, Pagani LG, de Almeida FM, Amaral JDB, Vieira RDP, Bachi ALL, Bullens DMA, Vaisberg M. Outdoor Endurance Training with Air Pollutant Exposure Versus Sedentary Lifestyle: A Comparison of Airway Immune Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224418. [PMID: 31726719 PMCID: PMC6887780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although regular exercise-training improves immune/inflammatory status, the influence of air pollutants exposure during outdoor endurance training compared to a sedentary lifestyle has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to compare the immune/inflammatory responses in the airways of street runners and sedentary people after acute and chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure. Forty volunteers (street runners (RUN, n = 20); sedentary people (SED, n = 20)) were evaluated 1 (acute) and 10 (chronic) weeks after PM exposure. Cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A] in nasal lavage fluid, salivary antibacterial peptides (lactoferrin (LTF), cathelicidin (LL-37), defensin-α 1–3), and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), plasma club cell protein (CC16), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were analyzed. After acute exposure, the RUN group showed lower levels of IL-13, IL-10, and FeNO, but higher defensin-α than the SED group. After chronic exposure, the RUN group showed elevation of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, and a decrease of FeNO levels, whereas the SED group showed elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and a decrease of IL-13 levels. Comparing these groups, the RUN group showed higher levels of SIgA and LTF, and lower FeNO levels than the SED group. In relation to the Th immune response analysis after acute and chronic PM exposure, the RUN group showed a pattern associated with Th1, while in the SED group, a Th2 pattern was found. Both groups showed also a Th17 immune response pattern. Our results allow us to suggest that the immune/inflammatory status of the respiratory tract after acute and chronic PM exposure was improved by the long-standing regular practice of outdoor endurance exercise compared to a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Foster
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
- Method Faculty of Sao Paulo (FAMESP), Av. Jabaquara, 1314, Sao Paulo SP 04046-200, Brazil
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49 box 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Luna Junior
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Catherine Machado Katekaru
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Matheus Cavalcante de Sá
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Pagani
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Medicine School, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455—Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jônatas do Bussador Amaral
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Post-graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Av. Ana Costa, 95—Vila Mathias, Santos SP CEP 11060-001, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos SP CEP 12245-520, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584—Itaquera, São Paulo SP CEP 08230-030, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, R. Jaceru, 247, São José dos Campos SP CEP 04705-000, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
- Method Faculty of Sao Paulo (FAMESP), Av. Jabaquara, 1314, Sao Paulo SP 04046-200, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, São José dos Campos SP CEP 12245-520, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584—Itaquera, São Paulo SP CEP 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Dominique Magdalena A Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49 box 811, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Pediatrics, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro Vaisberg
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua dos Otonis, 700, Piso superior/Second floor, Sao Paulo SP CEP 04025-002, Brazil
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12
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Karsiyaka Hendek M, Erkmen Almaz M, Olgun E, Kisa U. Salivary LL-37 and periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:369-374. [PMID: 30556299 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the local defence of oral cavity. Cigarette smoke has detrimental effects on immune defence mechanisms. The effect of passive smoking on salivary LL-37, as an antimicrobial peptide, in children has not yet been reported. AIM The aims of this study were to evaluate salivary LL-37 levels in PS-exposed and PS-unexposed children and to investigate the association between salivary LL-37 levels and periodontal clinical parameters. DESIGN Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 180 children (90 PS-exposed [38 girls and 52 boys; mean age: 9.36 ± 1.60 years] and 90 PS-unexposed [43 girls and 47 boys; mean age: 9.02 ± 1.71 years]) in this study. Periodontal clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded in all children. Salivary cotinine and LL-37 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PI and GI values in PS-exposed children were significantly higher than those in PS-unexposed children. The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly higher in PS-exposed children than in control subjects. The mean salivary LL-37 concentration of PS-exposed children was significantly lower (100.71 ± 72.14 pg/mL) than that of PS-unexposed children (151.84 ± 107.89 pg/mL). CONCLUSION Passive smoking could suppress salivary LL-37 concentrations in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merve Erkmen Almaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ebru Olgun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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13
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Ge S, Ye P, Li GY, Fu YF, Zhou Q, Huang F, Wang X, Wang WM. Effects of active and passive smoking on salivary cytokines levels in rats: A pilot study. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 35:109-118. [PMID: 30558485 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718817192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for some oral diseases. As an essential fluid in the oral cavity, saliva is crucial to maintain oral health. Relative to active smoking, there are very few studies assessing the effect of passive smoking on salivary cytokines levels. In the present study, we established the rat models by the means of the intraoral cigarette smoking or whole body cigarette smoke exposure to simulate human active or passive smoking, respectively. The effects of active or passive smoking on salivary cytokines levels were assessed by using ProcartaPlex multiplex immunoassays. The results of the current study indicated that both active and passive smoking diminished the body weights of rats and increased the levels of some blood counts. Intriguingly, active smoking enhanced the salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 and passive smoking elevated the salivary IL-6 level. Moreover, active smoking appeared to have a more prominent activation effect on the salivary IL-6 level. It was noted that active or passive smoking had no significant effect on the salivary IFN-γ level. Active or passive smoking could have potential effects on the salivary levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ge
- 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Ye
- 2 Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Yang Li
- 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fu Fu
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- 2 Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Huang
- 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Mei Wang
- 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Lahdentausta L, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Pietiäinen M, Tervahartiala T, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Sorsa T, Pussinen PJ. Smoking confounds the periodontal diagnostics using saliva biomarkers. J Periodontol 2018; 90:475-483. [PMID: 30447005 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease because of its complex impact on the inflammatory response in the periodontium. We investigated the effect of smoking on salivary periodontal biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS Saliva biomarkers were analyzed in the Parogene population (n = 480) comprising a random cohort of patients that have undergone coronary angiography and oral examination. The effect of time since cessation and pack years of smoking on biomarkers were investigated. RESULTS Saliva MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MPO concentrations distinguished periodontitis patients significantly from patients without periodontitis. When the time since cessation was considered, the area-under-the-curve values (p-value) for periodontitis were 0.76 (<0.001), 0.74 (<0.001), 0.70 (<0.001), and 0.76 (<0.001), respectively. Adding information about smoking habits in the models improved slightly the sensitivities of all biomarkers. In logistic regression model saliva, MMP-8 was mainly affected by pack years of smoking, whereas saliva MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MPO were mostly affected by time since cessation, especially if smoking currently or quit recently (<1 year ago). CONCLUSION Smoking confounds the salivary diagnostics of periodontitis and should be considered when interpreting the results obtained by potential diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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15
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Javed F, Kellesarian SV, Abduljabbar T, Abduljabbar AT, Akram Z, Vohra F, Rahman I, Romanos GE. Influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation on osseointegration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 47:764-772. [PMID: 29233582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are no studies that have systematically reviewed the influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation (ICSI) on the stability of implants. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies that assessed the influence of involuntary cigarette smoke inhalation ICSI on osseointegration. Indexed databases (PubMed, Google-Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge) were searched till September 2017. Titles and abstracts of studies identified using the above-described protocol were independently screened by 2 authors. Full-texts of studies judged by title and abstract to be relevant were independently evaluated for the stated eligibility criteria. Nine studies were included. Six studies showed that ICSI compromised bone area contact around implants. In 4 studies, peri-implant bone mineral density was significantly higher in the control group than among subjects exposed to ICSI. For the effects of ICSI on the osseointegration of dental implants, significant differences could be observed for bone-to-implant contact for test subjects in cancellous (Z=-4.08, p<0.001) and cortical bone (Z=-4.31, p<0.001) respectively. ICSI may negatively influence osseointegration of dental implants. It is imperative to educate patients about the negative effects of passive smoking on dental and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - S V Kellesarian
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - T Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A T Abduljabbar
- Department of Dentistry, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - G E Romanos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dent, Johann Wolfgang University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
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16
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Scheutz F, López R. Periodontitis: from Infection to Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-017-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Demmitt BA, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Keller MC, Hewitt JK, McQueen MB, Knight R, McDermott I, Krauter KS. Genetic influences on the human oral microbiome. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:659. [PMID: 28836939 PMCID: PMC5571580 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human oral microbiome is formed early in development. Its composition is influenced by environmental factors including diet, substance use, oral health, and overall health and disease. The influence of human genes on the composition and stability of the oral microbiome is still poorly understood. We studied both environmental and genetic characteristics on the oral microbiome in a large twin sample as well as in a large cohort of unrelated individuals. We identify several significantly heritable features of the oral microbiome. The heritability persists in twins even when their cohabitation changes. The heritability of these traits correlates with the cumulative genetic contributions of over half a million single nucleotide sequence variants measured in a different population of unrelated individuals. Comparison of same-sex and opposite sex cotwins showed no significant differences. We show that two new loci on chromosomes 7 and 12 are associated with the most heritable traits. RESULTS An analysis of 752 twin pairs from the Colorado Twin Registry, shows that the beta-diversity of monozygotic twins is significantly lower than for dizygotic or unrelated individuals. This is independent of cohabitation status. Intraclass correlation coefficients of nearly all taxa examined were higher for MZ than DZ twin pairs. A comparison of individuals sampled over 2-7 years confirmed previous reports that the oral microbiome remains relatively more stable in individuals over that time than to unrelated people. Twin modeling shows that a number of microbiome phenotypes were more than 50% heritable consistent with the hypothesis that human genes influence microbial populations. To identify loci that could influence microbiome phenotypes, we carried out an unbiased GWAS analysis which identified one locus on chromosome 7 near the gene IMMPL2 that reached genome-wide significance after correcting for multiple testing. Another locus on chromosome 12 near the non-coding RNA gene INHBA-AS1 achieved genome-wide significance when analyzed using KGG4 that sums SNP significance across coding genes. DISCUSSION Using multiple methods, we have demonstrated that some aspects of the human oral microbiome are heritable and that with a relatively small sample we were able to identify two previously unidentified loci that may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A. Demmitt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80304 USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Brooke M. Huibregtse
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Matthew C. Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Rob Knight
- UC San Diego Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Ivy McDermott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80304 USA
| | - Kenneth S. Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80304 USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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18
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Sutton JD, Salas Martinez ML, Gerkovich MM. Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Periodontitis in United States Non-Smokers, 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol 2017; 88:565-574. [PMID: 28168902 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies using half-mouth designs for assessment of periodontal disease prevalence have reported that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of non-smokers is associated with a two- to three-fold increase in the odds of developing periodontitis. In response to the possibility of under-reporting of periodontitis, the Centers for Disease Control updated periodontal examination procedures in 2009 for the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), including full-mouth, six-site periodontal probing, and attachment loss assessment. Aims of this study are to estimate prevalence of periodontitis among United States non-smoking adults exposed to ETS, report the values of the improved methods for estimating disease prevalence, and evaluate the predictive contribution of ETS exposure to periodontitis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES data from the 2009 to 2012 examination cycle. To address these aims, oral examination data were used to determine prevalence of periodontitis among United States non-smoking adults and to test the influence of ETS exposure on occurrence of periodontitis. RESULTS There was a 28% increase in the odds of periodontitis for those with any ETS exposure compared with those with no measurable exposure (Wald χ2 test statistic [df] = 6.58 [1], P = 0.01; 95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 1.55). CONCLUSION ETS exposure increases the risk of an individual developing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Sutton
- Division of Dental Hygiene, The University of Missouri Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Mary M Gerkovich
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
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19
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Wang J, Lv J, Wang W, Jiang X. Alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis: a meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:572-83. [PMID: 27029013 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; the Medical College of Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Prevention; Qingdao Stomatological Hospital; Qingdao Shandong Province China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Diseases; Qingdao Stomatological Hospital; Qingdao Shandong Province China
| | - Xiubo Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; the Medical College of Qingdao University; Qingdao Shandong Province China
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20
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Akinkugbe AA, Slade GD, Divaris K, Poole C. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Periodontitis Endpoints Among Nonsmokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:2047-2056. [PMID: 27083214 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to summarize the epidemiological evidence on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Pro-Quest dissertations, and conference proceedings of a dental research association. We included studies from which prevalence odds ratios (POR) could be extracted for periodontitis determined by examiner measurements of clinical attachment level (CAL) and/or probing pocket depth (PD) or self-report of missing teeth. Studies determined ETS exposure by self-report or biomarker (cotinine) levels. RESULTS For studies reporting CAL and/or PD (n = 6), associations were stronger with cotinine-measured exposure (n = 3; random effects POR [95% prediction interval] = 1.63 (0.90, 2.96)) than self-reported exposure (n = 3; random effects POR = 1.15 (0.68, 1.96)). There was no meaningful difference in summary estimate for studies reporting CAL and/or PD endpoint (n = 6; random effects POR = 1.34 (0.93, 1.94)) as opposed to tooth loss (n = 2; random effects POR = 1.33 (0.52, 3.40)). CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a positive association between exposure to ETS and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers, the magnitude of which depended mostly on the method of ETS assessment. IMPLICATIONS The notoriety of ETS is often discussed in terms of its associations with cancer, chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses in children. However, very little attention is paid to its association with oral diseases, especially periodontitis. Periodontitis affects a large proportion of the population and is a major cause of tooth loss. This study summarized the epidemiologic association between exposure to ETS and periodontitis among nonsmokers. Although the findings are consistent with a positive association, methodological weaknesses relating to study design, assessment of ETS, periodontitis, and adjustment covariates were highlighted and recommendations for improvement in future studies provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke A Akinkugbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Charles Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
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Johannsen A, Susin C, Gustafsson A. Smoking and inflammation: evidence for a synergistic role in chronic disease. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:111-26. [PMID: 24320959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most important preventable risk factor for periodontitis; however, the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for the detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal health remain largely unclear. It is also well established that smoking has a negative impact on several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this paper was to review smoking-related changes in local and systemic host responses with a focus on cellular and molecular effects that could explain a hyperinflammatory response leading to periodontal destruction. Biological mechanisms that may be common to periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases were also explored, together with gene-smoking interactions. An epidemiologic perspective on the burden of smoking on periodontal health and the potential for smoking cessation is also presented. Tobacco smoking seems to induce changes ranging from decreased leukocyte chemotaxis to decreased production of immunoglobulins. Smoking also seems to cause a stronger inflammatory reaction with an increased release of potentially tissue-destructive substances (e.g. reactive oxygen species, collagenase, serine proteases and proinflammatory cytokines). These findings support a hypothesis that periodontitis is a hyperinflammatory condition rather than a hypo-inflammatory condition.
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Jenabian N, Pouramir M, Motallebnejad M, Bamdadian J, Rahimi-Rad M. Evaluation of the Effect of Passive Smoking on Lactoferrin and AST on 12 - 15 Years Old Children and Adolescents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 25:e2996. [PMID: 26495095 PMCID: PMC4610335 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive smokers are involuntarily exposed to cigarette or tobacco smoke and as known, inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke is a serious threat. There is little information about the effect of passive smoking on salivary markers and periodontal indices. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of passive smoking on lactoferrin and AST in 12 - 15 years old children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS This case-control analytic correlation type study with no-convenience random sampling method was performed on 160 children aged 12 - 15 who had smokers in their families. The eligible children were divided into two equal groups; 80 cot(+) children as case group and 80 cot(-) children as control group, matched according to age, sex and plaque index. Plaque index was obtained from all subjects. 2 cc unstimulated salivary samples were collected by spitting method. The collected specimens were tested by lactoferrin and AST kits in biochemistry were measured on the day of sampling laboratory. Gingival index Loe and Silness (GI) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). RESULTS Mean and Standard Deviation of PPD and GI was 2.01 ± 0.077 and 1.53 ± 0.055 in experimental group and 1.93 ± 0.073 and 1.49 ± 0.046 in control group respectively (P < 0.001). The Mean and Standard Deviation parameters of lactoferrin and AST, in the experimental group was 38.66 ± 25.15 and 13.45 ± 6.33 and in the control group 10.18 ± 6.82 and 6.53 ± 2.65 group, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Passive smoking can be effective on inflammatory process of periodontal and salivary biomarkers related to inflammation. Lactoferrin was 11 - 104 in case group and 0.5 - 38 in control group. Aspartat aminotransferase in case group was 2.64 - 30.43 and in control group it was 2.16 - 12.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Jenabian
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Pouramir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Mina Motallebnejad
- Department of Diagnosis, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | | | - Morteza Rahimi-Rad
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Morteza Rahimi-Rad, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. E-mail:
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Liu KH, Hwang SJ. Effect of smoking cessation for 1 year on periodontal biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:366-75. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu South Korea
| | - S. J. Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon South Korea
- Department of Dental Hygiene; College of Medical Science; Konyang University; Daejeon South Korea
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Ueno M, Ohara S, Sawada N, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Kawaguchi Y. The association of active and secondhand smoking with oral health in adults: Japan public health center-based study. Tob Induc Dis 2015. [PMID: 26225132 PMCID: PMC4518564 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is one of the major risk factors for oral diseases, and many studies have found that active smoking is closely associated with the prevalence or severity of periodontal disease and fewer remaining teeth. In contrast to the established association between active smoking and oral health, there have been very few studies investigating the effects of secondhand smoking on oral health, and whether secondhand smoking deteriorates oral health has not been fully clarified. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether active and secondhand smoking were associated with the prevalence of severe periodontal disease and number of teeth among Japanese adults. Methods Subjects were 1,164 dentate adults aged 55–75 years as of May 2005 who participated in both the Japan Public Health Center-Based Study Cohort I in 1990 and a dental survey in 2005. The dental survey was implemented in the Yokote health center jurisdiction, Akita Prefecture. Participating subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire and a clinical oral examination. The association of smoking status with prevalence of periodontal disease was analyzed using a logistic regression, and with number of teeth or functional tooth units of natural teeth (n-FTUs) using a generalized linear model. Results After adjusting for age, education level, history of diabetes, BMI, alcohol consumption, perceived mental stress, presence of a family dentist, and oral hygiene, the odds ratio (OR) of risk for periodontal disease in male subjects was significantly increased in non-smokers with secondhand smoking only at home (OR = 3.14, 95 % CI: 1.08−9.12, p = 0.036), non-smokers with secondhand smoking both at home and other places (OR = 3.61, 95 % CI: 1.33−9.81, p = 0.012) and current smokers (OR = 3.31, 95 % CI: 1.54−7.08, p = 0.002), compared to non-smokers without secondhand smoking. Further in men, current smokers had significantly fewer numbers of teeth (19.7 ± 6.82) and n-FTUs (4.92 ± 4.12) than non-smokers without secondhand smoking (22.2 ± 6.92, p = 0.014 and 6.56 ± 4.18, p = 0.007). Such significant relationships of smoking status with periodontal disease and dentition were not observed in women. Conclusions The present study indicates that active smoking as well as secondhand smoking may have harmful effects on periodontal health in men. Therefore, it is imperative for health and oral health professionals to enlighten people about the negative influence of smoking, not only on their own health but also on others’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ueno
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohara
- Department of Comprehensive Oral Health Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan ; AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Javed F, Bashir Ahmed H, Romanos GE. Association between environmental tobacco smoke and periodontal disease: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:117-122. [PMID: 24926917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and periodontal disease. The addressed focused question was "Is there a relationship between ETS and periodontal disease?" PubMed/MEDLINE and Google-Scholar databases were searched from 1987 up to March 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: "Environmental tobacco smoke", "passive", "periodontal disease", "secondhand" and "smoking". Letters to the Editor, review articles, commentaries, case-reports and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. Thirteen studies were included. Nine studies were clinical and 4 studies were performed in-vitro. Five studies reported the odds ratios for periodontal disease to be significantly higher among individuals exposed to ETS than controls (non-smoking individuals unexposed to ETS). In 2 studies, ETS exposure showed no association with periodontal disease. In 2 studies, salivary aspartate aminotransferase, lactoferrin and albumin levels were reported to be significantly higher in individuals exposed to ETS than controls. In one study, levels of salivary interleukin-1β were reported to be significantly higher in individuals exposed to ETS than controls. The in-vitro studies reported ETS exposure to enhance the production of proinflammatory proteins and phagocytic activity of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes thereby contributing to periodontal disease. The association between ETS and periodontal disease remains debatable and requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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César Neto JB, Rosa EF, Pannuti CM, Romito GA. Smoking and periodontal tissues: a review. Braz Oral Res 2013; 26 Suppl 1:25-31. [PMID: 23318741 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of smoking on general health has been widely studied and is directly related to several important medical problems including cancer, low birth weight, and pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. In the past 25 years, there has also been an increasing awareness of the role of cigarette consumption in oral health problems such as periodontal disease. Smoking is considered the major risk factor in the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal diseases. This article will discuss the available evidence and provide the reader with an overview of the impact of smoking and its cessation on the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Batista César Neto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Hanioka T, Arakawa M. Active and passive smoking and prevalence of periodontal disease in young Japanese women. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:600-5. [PMID: 23317345 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies reporting on the association between smoking and periodontal disease have mostly focused on active smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between active smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke at home and at work and the prevalence of periodontal disease among young Japanese women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study subjects were 1167 postpartum women with a mean age of 31.5 years. Information on smoking and potential confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Partial-mouth recording was used to determine probing pocket depth at six sites per tooth for six teeth in the mouth. Periodontal disease was defined as positive if a woman had at least one tooth with a probing pocket depth of 3.5 mm or deeper. Adjustment was made for age, region of residence, household income, education, toothbrushing frequency and use of an interdental brush. RESULTS Compared with never smoking, ever smoking was independently positively associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease: the adjusted odds ratio was 1.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-2.36). There was a marginally significant positive dose-response relationship between pack-years of smoking and the prevalence of periodontal disease (p for linear trend = 0.08). No material associations were observed between second-hand smoke exposure at home or at work and periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that active smoking, but not passive smoking, might be associated with an increased prevalence of periodontal disease among young women in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Walter C, Kaye EK, Dietrich T. Active and passive smoking: assessment issues in periodontal research. Periodontol 2000 2012; 58:84-92. [PMID: 22133368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glimvall P, Wickström C, Jansson H. Elevated levels of salivary lactoferrin, a marker for chronic periodontitis? J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:655-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bertl K, Haririan H, Laky M, Matejka M, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Smoking influences salivary histamine levels in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2012; 18:410-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sanders AE, Slade GD, Beck JD, Agústsdóttir H. Secondhand smoke and periodontal disease: atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Public Health 2011; 101 Suppl 1:S339-46. [PMID: 21551377 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2010.300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between secondhand smoke and periodontal disease in nonsmokers. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with 2739 lifetime nonsmokers aged 53-74 years, unexposed to other sources of tobacco, who received a complete periodontal examination at visit 4. Exposure was reported as average hours per week in close contact with a smoker in the preceding year. We defined severe periodontitis as 5 or more periodontal sites with probing pocket depth of 5 millimeters or more and clinical attachment levels of 3 millimeters or more in those sites. Other outcomes were extent of periodontal probing depths of 4 millimeters or more and extent of clinical attachment levels of 3 millimeters or more. RESULTS In a binary logistic regression model, adjusted odds of severe periodontitis for those exposed to secondhand smoke 1 to 25 hours per week increased 29% (95% confidence interval = 1.0, 1.7); for those exposed to secondhand smoke 26 hours per week, the odds were twice as high (95% confidence interval = 1.2, 3.4) as for those who were unexposed. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to secondhand smoke and severe periodontitis among nonsmokers had a dose-dependent relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Bouchard P, Boutouyrie P, D'Aiuto F, Deanfield J, Deliargyris E, Fernandez-Aviles F, Hughes F, Madianos P, Renvert S, Sanz M. European workshop in periodontal health and cardiovascular disease consensus document. Eur Heart J Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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