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Malik S, Fatima B, Hussain D, Imran M, Chohan TA, Khan MS, Majeed S, Najam-Ul-Haq M. Synthesis of novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory galloyl β-sitosterol-loaded lignin-capped Ag-based drug. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1333-1351. [PMID: 37994993 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible anti-inflammatory lignin-capped Ag (LCAg) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for the delivery of galloyl β-sitosterol (Galloyl-BS). β-Sitosterol (BS) is effective against inflammatory responses, like cancer-induced inflammations. BS was modified via gallic acid esterification to enhance its anti-inflammatory potential. LCAg NPs were synthesized by a green method and loaded with galloyl-BS. For comparison, pure BS was also loaded onto LCAg NPs in a separate assembly. The antioxidant potential of Galloyl-BS was greater (IC50 177 µM) than pure BS. Materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and Zeta potential. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, drug release experiments were performed by varying pH, time, concentration, and temperature. Maximum drug release was observed after 18 h at pH 6 and 40 °C. Galloyl-BS showed improved drug loading efficiency, release %age, and antioxidant activity compared to pure BS when loaded onto LCAg NPs. DLCAg exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in rat models. These findings indicate that galloyl-BS (drug)-loaded LCAg (DLCAg) NPs have the potential as an anti-inflammatory agent without any prior release and scavenging in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Biochemistry Section Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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Khatun MS, Mia N, Al Bashera M, Murad MA, Zahan R, Parvin S, Akhtar MA. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential and GC-MS profiling of leaf extracts from Clerodendrum infortunatum L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117366. [PMID: 37944873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum infortunatum L. is commonly distributed in tropical and subtropical countries and is widely used in the indigenous systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathy. The plant has important uses in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders which includes asthma, cough, chest complaints, pain, rheumatism, osteoarthritis, gastric ulcer, cancer, diabetes, skin diseases etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: Regarding the extensive healing properties of C. infortunatum in folk medicine, we aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant and analyze its bioactive components. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequential extracts were prepared from C. infortunatum leaves using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts were evaluated using membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation assays. Toxicity of the extracts was tested using brine shrimp lethality assay. GC-MS analysis has been carried out to analyze and characterize various bioactive constituents present in the plant. RESULTS Each of the tested extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Sequential ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the strongest membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation activities with IC50 values of 331.3, 308.3 and 279.2 μg/mL for heat and hypotonicity induced membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation assays, respectively. Sequential methanol extract also exhibited strong activity in heat and hypotonicity induced membrane stabilization and protein anti-denaturation assays with IC50 values of 371.5, 331.6 and 284.6 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts demonstrated a range of toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay with LC50 values of 51.4, 59.7, 47.3, 37.1, 68.1 and 77.3 μg/mL for n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and water extracts respectively. The GC-MS analysis of direct n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts detected 32 different compounds. The major compounds (> 5%) were phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, estragole, methyl stearate, lanosterol, 9-methoxybicyclo[6.1.0]nona-2,4,6-triene, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) 4 hydroxy methyl ester, 22,23-dibromostigmasterol acetate, 3-methyl-4-(phenylthio)-2-prop-2-enyl-2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, benzenemethanol, α-methyl-α-propyl- and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)- methyl ester. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study revealed that C. infortunatum is rich with diverse bioactive phytoconstituents and the scientific evidences support the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Suraiya Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajganj, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Mia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh; Research & Development Formulation Department, Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahci Al Bashera
- BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Murshadul Alam Murad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shumaia Parvin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Most Afia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Gagné V, Boucher N, Desgagné-Penix I. Cannabis Roots: Therapeutic, Biotechnological and Environmental Aspects. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:35-48. [PMID: 38252502 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada in 2018, the number of licenses for this crop has increased significantly, resulting in an increase in waste generated. Nevertheless, cannabis roots were once used for their therapeutic properties, indicating that they could be valued today rather than dismissed. This review will focus on both traditional therapeutic aspects and potential use of roots in modern medicine while detailing the main studies on active phytomolecules found in cannabis roots. The environmental impact of cannabis cultivation and current knowledge of the root-associated microbiome are also presented as well as their potential applications in biotechnology and phytoremediation. Thus, several high added-value applications of cannabis roots resulting from scientific advances in recent years can be considered to remove them from discarded residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Boucher
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Nandi S, Nag A, Khatua S, Sen S, Chakraborty N, Naskar A, Acharya K, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer activity and other biomedical properties of β-sitosterol: Bridging phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence for future translational approaches. Phytother Res 2024; 38:592-619. [PMID: 37929761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sterols, including β-sitosterol, are essential components of cellular membranes in both plant and animal cells. Despite being a major phytosterol in various plant materials, comprehensive scientific knowledge regarding the properties of β-sitosterol and its potential applications is essential for scholarly pursuits and utilization purposes. β-sitosterol shares similar chemical characteristics with cholesterol and exhibits several pharmacological activities without major toxicity. This study aims to bridge the gap between phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence of β-sitosterol, focusing on its anticancer activity and other biomedical properties. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of β-sitosterol's potential for future translational approaches. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted to gather relevant information on the biological properties of β-sitosterol, particularly its anticancer therapeutic potential. Various databases were searched, including PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using appropriate keywords. Studies investigating the effects of β-sitosterol on different types of cancer were analyzed, focusing on mechanisms of action, pharmacological screening, and chemosensitizing properties. Modern pharmacological screening studies have revealed the potential anticancer therapeutic properties of β-sitosterol against various types of cancer, including leukemia, lung, stomach, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. β-sitosterol has demonstrated chemosensitizing effects on cancer cells, interfering with multiple cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, survival, metastasis invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Structural derivatives of β-sitosterol have also shown anti-cancer effects. However, research in the field of drug delivery and the detailed mode of action of β-sitosterol-mediated anticancer activities remains limited. β-sitosterol, as a non-toxic compound with significant pharmacological potential, exhibits promising anticancer effects against various cancer types. Despite being relatively less potent than conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, β-sitosterol holds potential as a safe and effective nutraceutical against cancer. Further comprehensive studies are recommended to explore the biological properties of β-sitosterol, including its mode of action, and develop novel formulations for its potential use in cancer treatment. This review provides a foundation for future investigations and highlights the need for further research on β-sitosterol as a potent superfood in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Surjit Sen
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Qu P, Du S, Wang W, Peng Z, Hu Q, Wang H, Tang X. Treatment of gouty arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine decoction: Meta-analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36722. [PMID: 38181263 PMCID: PMC10766312 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine decoction (TCMD) could ameliorate the clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators of gouty arthritis (GA) patients. However, few investigations have been conducted on the efficacy and safety of TCMD for GA, the underlying mechanism of TCMD for GA, and the relationship between the TCMD active ingredients and GA targets. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of TCMD for GA were retrieved from Chinese and English databases. Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 17 software. Potential sources of heterogeneity were identified through subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and heterogeneity test. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. The ingredients and targets related to TCMD and GA were obtained from multiple databases, such as TCMSP and DrugBank. The protein-protein interaction network, GO and KEGG analysis was constructed using STRING and DAVID. Molecular docking and visualization of the results were completed by AutoDock and PyMOL software. RESULTS Eighty-four studies were included, involving 7151 patients and 10 outcome indicators. Meta-analysis showed that, compared to routine treatment, TCMD could better reduce the incidence of adverse events and the level of laboratory indicators including blood uric acid (BUA), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In the section of network pharmacology, we retrieved 150 active ingredients and 303 target genes from the top 10 herbs in 84 studies, as well as 3082 disease targets and 195 cross targets of the herbs and GA. The top ranked ingredients, intersection targets, and signaling pathways included quercetin, kaempferol, and wogonin; AKT1, TNF, and TP53; as well as IL-17, HIF-1, and PI3K-AKT, etc. Among the 81 molecular docking results, we visualized 10 results with low binding energy, including IL1B and beta-sitosterol, MYC and beta-sitosterol, etc. CONCLUSION TCMD could be a satisfactory complementary and alternative therapy for GA. However, it should be verified by further studies. Future research could be conducted from the following active ingredients, targets, and signal pathways, such as wogonin, sitosterol, and sitosterol; AKT1, TNF, IL6, and TP53; and IL-17, HIF-1, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengda Qu
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaorong Peng
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Liu Y, Li Z, Li W, Chen X, Yang L, Lu S, Zhou S, Li M, Xiong W, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhou J. Discovery of β-sitosterol's effects on molecular changes in rat diabetic wounds and its impact on angiogenesis and macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111283. [PMID: 38035407 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes care, particularly for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs)-related complications, increases treatment costs substantially. Failure to provide timely and appropriate treatment for severe DFUs significantly increases amputation risk. Neovascularization and macrophage polarization play an important role in diabetic wound healing during different stages of the wound repair process. Therefore, a new treatment method that promotes neovascularization and macrophage polarization may accelerate diabetic wound healing. β-sitosterol possesses anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetic properties. However, its therapeutic potential in diabetic wound healing remains underexplored. This study evaluated the healing effects of β-sitosterol on diabetic ulcer wounds in rats. We found that β-sitosterol can promote angiogenesis, alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophage) proliferation, and collagen synthesis in diabetic wounds. Transcriptomics analysis and proteomics analysis revealed that MAPK, mTOR and VEGF signaling pathways were enriched in β-sitosterol-treated wounds. Molecular docking revealed Ndufb5 maybe the target of β-sitosterol-treated wounds. Our findings confirm the significant diabetic wound healing effects of β-sitosterol in a rat model. β-sitosterol treatment to diabetic wounds accelerates wound healing through promoting M2 macrophage proliferation and angiogenesis. Interestingly, we also found that the process of M2 macrophage proliferation accompanies angiogenesis. Thus, β-sitosterol may be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance diabetic wound healing and reduce amputation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zenan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010107, China
| | - Shengli Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010107, China
| | - Meng Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010107, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Hunan Brain Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changsha 410007, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010107, China.
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Shi L, Zhao Z, Yang L, Ding G, Xing X. Bioactive steroids from seed germination supporting fungus ( Ceratobasidium GS2) of the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Mycology 2024; 14:371-380. [PMID: 38187881 PMCID: PMC10769133 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2254893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Almost all orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungus to support their seed germination. To date, the effect of active components in mycorrhizal fungus on orchid seed germination largely remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of active components found in mycorrhizal fungus on orchid seed germination. Specifically, we focused on a terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea and its host-specific seed germination supporting fungus Ceratobasidium GS2. In total, several steroids (1-7) were isolated from this fungus. Notably, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 exhibited significant enhancements in protocorm volume. Moreover, compounds 1-6 demonstrated strong promotion of protocorm differentiation. These findings suggest that steroids may play a crucial role in the symbiotic germination of G. conopsea seeds. Future studies should continue to explore the specific mechanisms through which these steroids exert their effects, contributing to our understanding of orchid biology and mycorrhizal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luna Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yalcinkaya A, Öztaş YE, Sabuncuoğlu S. Sterols in Inflammatory Diseases: Implications and Clinical Utility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:261-275. [PMID: 38036884 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic steroid skeleton, with its 4-ringed 17-carbon structure, is one of the most recognizable organic compounds in biochemistry. In the presence of a hydroxyl ion bound to the third carbon, this structure is defined as a "sterol" (chemical formula: C17H28O). The hydroxyl group provides a hydrophilic site for the otherwise hydrophobic molecule, yielding an amphipathic lipid, which is a vital property for cellular function. It is crucial to remark that the term "steroid" describes a larger group of compounds that often retain the hydroxyl group but are primarily characterized by methyl groups, double bonds in the rings, and an aliphatic side-chain extending from the 17th carbon. In addition to serving various structural roles in the cellular membrane, sterols and steroids contribute to cellular and systemic functions as messengers, hormones, and regulators of several critical metabolic pathways.Sterol nomenclature is often confusing, partly due to structural complexity and partly due to the sheer number of different compounds that fall under the definition. Fortunately, the foremost sterols of interest in biochemistry are much fewer, and therefore, these lipids have been defined and studied vigorously. With the renaissance of lipid research during the 1990s and 2000s, many different metabolites of sterols, and more specifically phytosterols, were found to be associated with various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and inborn errors of metabolism; thus, it is evident that the ever-evolving research in this field has been, and will continue to be, exceedingly productive.With respect to inflammation and inflammatory diseases, plant-based sterols (i.e., phytosterols) have gained considerable fame due to their anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated by experimental and clinical research. Besides, the exceptional pharmacological benefits of these sterols, which operate as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic agents, have been the subject of various investigations. While the underlying mechanisms necessitate further research, the possible function of phytosterols in improving health outcomes is an important topic to explore.In this regard, the current review aims to offer comprehensive information on the therapeutic potential of plant-based sterols in the context of human health, with a focus on preclinical effects, bioavailability, and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yeşim Er Öztaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cao F, Zhang Y, Zong Y, Feng X, Deng J, Wang Y, Cao Y. Exploring the potential mechanism of Simiao Yongan decoction in the treatment of diabetic peripheral vascular disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36762. [PMID: 38206683 PMCID: PMC10754584 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the potential action targets and molecular mechanisms of Simiao Yongan decoction (SMYAD) in treating diabetic peripheral vascular disease (DPVD) by utilizing network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking technology. The components and targets of SMYAD were screened using the TCMSP database, while DPVD-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards, OMIM, and Disgenet databases. After intersecting the gene sets, a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was established, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out. The practical chemical components and core targets identified were molecularly docked using AutoDock software. A total of 126 active compounds were screened from which 25 main components included quercetin, rutoside, hesperidin, naringin, and β-sitosterol were determined to be the active components most associated with the core targets. A total of 224 common target genes were obtained. Among them, JUN, AKT1, MAPK3, TP53, STAT3, RELA, MAPK1, FOS, and others are the expected core targets of traditional Chinese medicine. The top-ranked GO enrichment analysis results included 727 biological processes (BP), 153 molecular functions (MF), and 102 cellular components (CC). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis involved mainly 178 signaling pathways, such as cancer signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, endocrine resistance signaling pathway, cell aging signaling pathway, and so on. The molecular docking results demonstrate that the principal chemical components of SMYAD exhibit considerable potential for binding to the core targets. SMYAD has the potential to treat DPVD through various components, targets, and pathways. Its mechanism of action requires further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Deng
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yu J, Wang S, Yang J, Huang W, Tang B, Peng W, Tian J. Exploring the mechanisms of action of Zengye decoction (ZYD) against Sjogren's syndrome (SS) using network pharmacology and animal experiment. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1286-1297. [PMID: 37606264 PMCID: PMC10446814 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2248188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zengye decoction (ZYD) has been considered to have a curative effect on Sjogren's syndrome (SS). However, its therapeutic mechanisms remain obscure. OBJECTIVES This research explores the mechanisms of ZYD against SS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active compounds and targets of ZYD were searched in the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. SS-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms. Animal experiments were performed using 8 C57BL/6 mice that served as the control group (physiological saline treatment) and 16 NOD mice randomly divided into the model group (physiological saline treatment) and the ZYD group (ZYD treatment) for 8 weeks to verify the therapeutic effects of ZYD on SS. RESULTS Twenty-nine active compounds with 313 targets of ZYD and 1038 SS-related targets were screened. Thirty-two common targets were identified. β-Sitosterol and stigmasterol might be important components. GO analysis suggested that the action of ZYD against SS mainly involved oxidative stress, apoptotic processes, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding, etc. KEGG analysis indicated the most significant signaling pathway was apoptosis-multiple species. Animal experiments showed that ZYD improved lymphocytic infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs), reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and downregulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in the model mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ZYD has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on SS, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of SS with ZYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuxinrui Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beikang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Qu P, Wang H, Wang W, Hu Q, Du S, Peng Z, Tang X. Clinical efficacy evaluation and potential mechanism prediction on Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis based on meta-analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35973. [PMID: 38013344 PMCID: PMC10681393 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD) is a Chinese herb formula. Previous studies have reported that the clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators of gouty arthritis patients could be improved by GSZD. However, no previous study has evaluated and analyzed its efficacy, safety, underlying mechanisms, and the relationship between related ingredients of herbs and targets of gouty arthritis. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of GSZD for gouty arthritis were retrieved from various databases. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 17 software. Galbraith plot was used to find studies with possible heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by Egger test and funnel plot. The related ingredients of herbs and the targets of herbs and gouty arthritis were obtained from several databases, such as TCMSP, HERB, and DrugBank. The protein-protein interaction network was conducted by the STRING platform. DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis. Molecular docking and visualization of docking results were carried out by AutoDock and PyMOL software. RESULTS Twenty studies with 1633 patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated that GSZD could better improve the clinical efficiency and visual analogue scale score, and reduce the level of blood uric acid and inflammatory biomarkers (including C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) than conventional treatment. In addition, we retrieved 157 active compounds, 517 herb target genes, 3082 disease targets, and 295 intersection targets of herb and disease. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that the core related ingredients included quercetin, kaempferol, sitosterol, luteolin, catechin, etc. The core intersection targets contained AKT1, TNF-α, TP53, IL6, etc. And the critical signaling pathways included IL-17, HIF-1, TNF, PI3K-Akt, etc. Among the 56 molecular docking results, only 8 results had binding energy values greater than -5.0 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION GSZD could be a satisfactory complementary and alternative therapy for treating gouty arthritis. However, it should be verified by further studies. Future research on gouty arthritis could be conducted from the active components including beta-sitosterol and sitosterol, the targets including TNF-1, IL1B, and ESR1, and the signaling pathways including IL-17 and HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengda Qu
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaorong Peng
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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12
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Yao ZY, Fan SY, Song ZF, Li ZC. Network pharmacology-based and molecular docking-based analysis of You-Gui-Yin for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35581. [PMID: 37904445 PMCID: PMC10615424 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
You-Gui-Yin (YGY) is a classic prescription for warming up kidney-Yang and filling in kidney essence in traditional Chinese medicine, and has been used to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) effectively. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. This study is aimed at exploring the possible mechanisms of action of the YGY in the treatment of ONFH based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. TCMSP was used to screen the active components and targets of YGY. The disease targets of ONFH were collected in several public databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network was constructed using the STRING platform. The Metascape database platform was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The key active components and core target proteins of YGY in the treatment of ONFH were verified by the molecular docking. 120 active components were obtained from YGY, among which 73 components were hit by the 117 drug-disease intersection targets. Key effective components included quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, glycitein, beta-carotene, and so on. Core target proteins included ALB, AKT1, TNF, IL6, TP53, and so on. According to GO and KEGG analyses, there were 1762 biological processes, 94 cellular component, 138 molecular function and 187 signaling pathways involved. we selected the top 20 biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), molecular functions (MF) and signaling pathways to draw the heat maps, showing that Lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway and other pathways may play a key role in the treatment of ONFH by YGY. The results of molecular docking showed that key effective components and corresponding core target proteins exhibited the good binding activity. YGY can treat ONFH through multicomponents, multitargets, and multipathways, which provides a reference for the subsequent research, development of targeted drugs and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Yao Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou-Feng Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhan-Chun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Olofinsan K, Olawale F, Karigidi K, Shityakov S, Iwaloye O. Probing the bioactive compounds of Kigelia africana as novel inhibitors of TNF-α converting enzyme using HPLC/GCMS analysis, FTIR and molecular modelling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12838-12862. [PMID: 36688375 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2168758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Converting Enzyme (TACE) mediates inflammatory disorder and contributes to the pathophysiology of a variety of illnesses, such as chronic inflammation and cancer. This study identified metabolites in solvent extracts of Kigelia africana as putative TACE inhibitors due to the plant's known anti-inflammatory properties. HPLC-MS/GCMS analysis was used to characterize tentative phytochemicals from K. africana. The identified metabolites (n = 123) were docked with TACE to reveal the lead compounds. Binding free energy, ADMET prediction, molecular dynamics simulation at 100 ns, and DFT calculation were further conducted. The results revealed that K. africana contains sterol, phenols, alkaloids, terpenes and flavonoids. The FTIR shows that the extracts had peaks that correspond to the presence of different functional groups. The quantum polarized ligand docking (QPLD) analysis identified compound (n = 3) with binding affinity higher than standard compound IK-682. The hits also had modest ADMET profiles, interacted with essential residues within TACE binding pockets, and formed stable complexes with the protein. The 100 ns MD simulation shows that the compounds formed fairly stable interactions and complex with the protein as evidenced through RMSF, RMSD and MM-GBA results. The HOMO/LUMO, global descriptive molecular electrostatic potential Fukui function aid in the identification of the compounds' atomic sites prone to electrophilic/neutrophilic attacks, and non-covalent interactions. This study suggests that K. africana's bioactive compounds are capable of mitigating inflammation by inhibiting TACE.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Femi Olawale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kayode Karigidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Igbanran, Nigeria
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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14
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Acero N, Muñoz-Mingarro D, Navarro I, León-González AJ, Martín-Cordero C. Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Acanthus mollis L. Rhizome Hexane Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:159. [PMID: 37259310 PMCID: PMC9966330 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizomes of Acanthus mollis have traditionally been used for the treatment of several ailments involving inflammation. However, to the best of our knowledge, their chemical composition and pharmacological properties have not been studied until now. As a first approach, this study analyses the A. mollis rhizome hexane extract phytochemistry and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities in HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cell culture assays. Chemical profiling was performed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry without the modification of native molecules. Free phytosterols (such as β-sitosterol) account for 70% of detected compounds. The anti-inflammatory capacity of the rhizome extract of A. mollis is mediated by the decrease in the NO production in RAW 264.7 that has previously been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HepG2 pre-treatment with the rhizome extract prevents any damage being caused by oxidative stress, both through ROS scavenge and through the antioxidant cellular enzyme system. In this respect, the extract reduced the activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, which were stimulated under oxidative stress conditions. Our results suggest that the extract from the rhizomes of A. mollis may constitute a potential source of natural products with anti-inflammatory activity and could validate the traditional use of A. mollis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Acero
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Muñoz-Mingarro
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Navarro
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/P. García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. León-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/P. García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín-Cordero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/P. García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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15
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Zhang L, Yu H, Chen H, Huang Y, Bakunina I, de Sousa DP, Sun M, Zhang J. Application of molecular imprinting polymers in separation of active compounds from plants. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105383. [PMID: 36481366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technique is becoming an appealing and prominent strategy to synthesize materials for target recognition and rapid separation. In recent years, it has been applied in separation of active compounds from various plants and has achieved satisfying results. This review aims to make a brief introduction of molecular imprinting polymers and their efficient application in the separation of various active components from plants, including flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, anthraquinones, phenolics, terpenes, steroids, and diketones, which will provide some clues to help stimulating research into this fascinating and useful area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Pharmacy 2019, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Haifang Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Irina Bakunina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-970, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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16
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Exploring Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mechanism of Cinnamon by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experiment Validation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1066057. [PMID: 36873789 PMCID: PMC9981296 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1066057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction that seriously endangers human health. Cinnamon, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to counteract MIRI as it has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. To investigate the mechanisms of action of cinnamon in the treatment of MIRI, a deep learning-based network pharmacology method was established to predict potential active compounds and targets. The results of the network pharmacology showed that oleic acid, palmitic acid, beta-sitosterol, eugenol, taxifolin, and cinnamaldehyde were the main active compounds, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin (IL)-7, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) are promising signaling pathways. Further molecular docking tests revealed that these active compounds and targets exhibited good binding abilities. Finally, experimental validation using a zebrafish model demonstrated that taxifolin, the active compound of cinnamon, has a potential protective effect against MIRI.
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17
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Wang Z, Zhan J, Gao H. Computer-aided drug design combined network pharmacology to explore anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory targets and mechanisms of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015271. [PMID: 36618410 PMCID: PMC9816407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by an intense inflammatory process that may ultimately lead to organ failure and patient death. Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPD), a traditional Chines e medicine (TCM) formula, is widely used in China as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory. However, the potential targets and mechanisms for QFPD to exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. Methods In this study, Computer-Aided Drug Design was performed to identify the antiviral or anti-inflammatory components in QFPD and their targets using Discovery Studio 2020 software. We then investigated the mechanisms associated with QFPD for treating COVID-19 with the help of multiple network pharmacology approaches. Results and discussion By overlapping the targets of QFPD and COVID-19, we discovered 8 common targets (RBP4, IL1RN, TTR, FYN, SFTPD, TP53, SRPK1, and AKT1) of 62 active components in QFPD. These may represent potential targets for QFPD to exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory effects. The result showed that QFPD might have therapeutic effects on COVID-19 by regulating viral infection, immune and inflammation-related pathways. Our work will promote the development of new drugs for COVID-19.
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18
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Wang D, Koh E, Lee KA, Chung HS. Chemical constituents from
Betula schmidtii
and their free radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibitory, and neuroprotective activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Hye Wang
- College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Hie Koh
- College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Anyang University Anyang Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Sook Chung
- College of Science and Technology Duksung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea
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19
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Wu Z, Zhu Z, Cao J, Wu W, Hu S, Deng C, Xie Q, Huang X, You C. Prediction of network pharmacology and molecular docking-based strategy to determine potential pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang pill against tinnitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31711. [PMID: 36401375 PMCID: PMC9678611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liuwei Dihuang Pill is widely used to treat tinnitus in China. However, the underlying mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in treating tinnitus still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the potential pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the treatment of tinnitus based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The active components of the Liuwei Dihuang Pill were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) database. Cytoscape software was used to draw the active component-target network diagram of Liuwei Dihuang Pill, and obtain the core components. Then the corresponding targets were also obtained from the TCMSP database. Targets related to tinnitus were obtained from the GeneCards, DisGeNET, TTD and DrugBank databases. The String database was used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets of drugs and diseases, then the core targets were screened out. The Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database was used for gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of common targets. Finally, the molecular docking between the core component and the core target was carried out by AutoDock. RESULTS The core components of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the treatment of tinnitus including quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, tetrahydroalstonine, which may act on core targets such as STAT3, transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 and MAPK3. HIF-1 signaling pathway, Influenza A, P53 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway play a role in anti-inflammatory, improving microcirculation in the blood-labyrinth barrier, increasing cochlear blood flow, and preventing hair cell damage. The molecular docking results showed that the affinity between core components and core targets was good. CONCLUSION The potential mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill in the treatment of tinnitus was preliminarily discussed in this study, which may provide a theoretical basis and evidence for further experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Wu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weikun Wu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Weikun Wu, Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330003, China (e-mail: )
| | - Shiping Hu
- Jiangxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengcheng Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengkun You
- Pinghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Bakasatae N, Sangkaew W, Kunworarath N, Ontong JC, Phoopha S, Takahashi Yupanqui C, Voravuthikunchai SP, Joycharat N. The Standardized Wood Extract of Albizia myriophylla: Its Potential as an Active Ingredient in an Anti-inflammatory Herbal Gel Formulation. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:964-974. [PMID: 34359081 DOI: 10.1055/a-1535-2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Albizia myriophylla has been used in Thai folk medicine for treating inflammation-related diseases. The wood of this medicinal plant is traditionally used as a single herbal drug in the form of an aqueous decoction and as a component in several Thai herbal formulations for the remedy of fever, sore throat, and aphthous ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo the anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanism of action of the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla as well as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and physicochemical properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla. Results of quantitative HPLC analysis demonstrated that the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla contained 22.95 mg/g of 8-methoxy-7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone, a bioactive marker compound of A. myriophylla. The standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/v) exhibited remarkable inhibition (54.4 - 80.3%) in the croton oil model of topical inflammation at all assessment times, comparable to standard indomethacin (55.3 - 63.6%). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla, and the result showed that this standardized extract decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The developed herbal gel containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/w) had good physicochemical characteristics and exhibited potent inhibition (51.4 - 77.8%) of inflammation in a rat ear edema model at all assessment times, comparable to indomethacin gel (33.3 - 40.5%). The notable anti-inflammatory activity of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla and its developed herbal gel formulation indicates their potential application as natural anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Bakasatae
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Warissara Sangkaew
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Kunworarath
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Julalak Chorachoo Ontong
- Cosmetic Technology and Dietary Supplement Products Program, Faculty of Agro and Bio Industry, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Sathianpong Phoopha
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Decoding the Mechanism of CheReCunJin Formula in Treating Sjögren’s Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1193846. [PMID: 36248435 PMCID: PMC9553462 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1193846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive oral and ocular dryness that correlates poorly with autoimmune damage to the glands. CheReCunJin (CRCJ) formula is a prescription formulated according to the Chinese medicine theory for SS treatment. Objective This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of CRCJ against SS. Methods The databases, including Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology, Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for the molecular mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Databases, obtained the active ingredients and predicted targets of CRCJ. Then, DrugBank, Therapeutic Target Database, Genecards, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and DisGeNET disease databases were used to screen the predicted targets of SS. Intersected targets of CRCJ and SS were visualized by using Venn diagrams. The overlapping targets were uploaded to the protein–protein interaction network analysis search tool. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software constructed a “compound-targets-disease” network. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses characterized potential targets' biological functions and pathways. AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software was used to research and verify chemical effective drug components and critical targets. Results From the database, we identified 878 active components and 2578 targets of CRCJ, and 827 SS-related targets. 246 SS-related genes in CRCJ were identified by intersection analysis, and then ten hub genes were identified as crucial potential targets from PPI, including ALB, IL-6, TNF, INS, AKT1, IL1B, VEGFA, TP53, JUN, and TLR4. The process of CRCJ action against SS was mainly involved in human cytomegalovirus infection and Th17 cell differentiation, as well as the toll-like receptor signaling and p53 signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that the bioactive compounds of CRCJ had a good binding affinity with hub targets. Conclusions The results showed that CRCJ could activate multiple pathways and treat SS through multiple compounds and targets. This study lays a foundation for better elucidation of the molecular mechanism of CRCJ in the treatment of SS, and also provides basic guidance for future research on Chinese herbal compounds.
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Prostatic Therapeutic Efficacy of LENILUTS®, a Novel Formulation with Multi-Active Principles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091866. [PMID: 36145614 PMCID: PMC9506015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTs) in men are usually associated to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-malignant prostate enlargement. Unfortunately, BPH etiology is still unclear. Recent works highlighted a relevant inflammation role in BPH onset and development. Consequently, to complement the 5-α reductase (and α-adrenergic receptor agonists-based therapy, an anti-inflammatory therapy should be devised. To reduce potential adverse effects of multi-drug treatment, plant extract-based therapies are becoming increasingly common. Serenoa repens, the main phytotherapic treatment for BPH, is not sufficient to front the multi-faceted etiology of BPH. In response to this, a novel, multiple phytotherapic agents-based formulation, LENILUTS®, was developed. In the present work, we compared, using an in vitro approach, the prostatic safety and efficacy of LENILUTS® with a commercial formulation, based only on Serenoa repens, and a 5αR inhibitor, Dutasteride. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro experiments to investigate the active principles, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of LENILUTS® were performed. Our results showed a better prostatic safety and therapeutic efficacy of LENILUTS® compared to the commercial formulation and Dutasteride, with increased anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activity, and a stronger inhibitory effect on the release of the key enzyme 5αR and Prostatic-Specific Antigen (PSA). The limited bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the active principles of LENILUTS® were highlighted. Considering the results obtained, the LENILUTS® formulation is more promising for BPH and LUTs therapy compared to formulations based on Serenoa repens only, but further efforts should be made to improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the active principles.
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23
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Zheng Y, Liu Z, Cai A, Xu S, Weng Z, Gao W, Xu Y. Study on the mechanism of Ginseng-Gegen for mesenteric lymphadenitis based on network pharmacology. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1534-1543. [PMID: 36247894 PMCID: PMC9561513 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the main active ingredients of the Ginseng-Gegen (Panax Ginseng-Radix Puerariae) drug pair, to predict relevant action targets, and to establish a network of "drug-active ingredients-targets", to ultimately explore the mechanism of Ginseng-Gegen in the treatment of mesenteric lymphadenitis. METHODS The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) platform was used to screen the chemical constituents of Ginseng-Gegen, and the active ingredient targets were retrieved by UniProt database. The databases of GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) were applied to search for mesenteric lymphadenitis-related targets. Cytoscape software was used to construct the network of active ingredient-action targets. The biological functions of the targets were analyzed in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. RESULTS A total of 26 potential active ingredients of the Ginseng-Gegen drug pair were screened, with 128 drug-related targets and 255 mesenteric lymphadenitis-related targets. After matching, 23 potential targets were obtained for treating mesenteric lymphadenitis. Among them, MOL012297 (puerarin), MOL005344 (ginsenoside Rh2), and MOL000358 (beta-sitosterol) were linked to 3 or more key target genes. They were supposed to be important ingredients of Ginseng-Gegen in the treatment of mesenteric lymphadenitis. CONCLUSIONS Ginseng-Gegen is related to oxidative stress and inflammation, and it is a part of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and the advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway. These biological processes and signaling pathways may be potential mechanisms of Ginseng-Gegen for treating mesenteric lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Luo Xiaorong Renowned Doctor's Studio of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxun Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Luo Xiaorong Renowned Doctor's Studio of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiyuan Cai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Weng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Luo Xiaorong Renowned Doctor's Studio of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Gao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of TCM Pediatrics, Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang C, Shen Y, Fu J. The Role of Jinhuang Powder to Prevent Adverse Effects of Subcutaneous Injection of Enoxaparin Sodium. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:7806659. [PMID: 36059558 PMCID: PMC9433242 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7806659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the role of Jinhuang Powder to prevent adverse effects of subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin sodium. Methods The clinical data of 97 patients with cervical cancer who were treated with subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin through the lower margin of the deltoid muscle of the upper arm in Zhejiang Tumor Hospital from August 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the control group (n = 39) and the research group (n = 58) according to the different use time periods of Jinhuang Powder. The research group was treated with Jinhuang Powder and enoxaparin sodium at the same time. The control group started to use Jinhuang Powder after the adverse reactions occurred. The induration, subcutaneous bleeding events, and pain were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of induration (3.4% vs 15.4%, P=0.036) and subcutaneous hemorrhage (37.9% vs 76.9%, P=0.003) in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The pain in the research group was lighter than that in the control group (grade 0-4 pain: 70% vs 28.2%, 19% vs 30.8%, 8.6% vs 23.1%, 1.7% vs 12.8%, 1.7% vs 5.1%, P=0.001). Conclusion Preventive use of Jinhuang Powder can significantly reduce the incidence of subcutaneous induration and subcutaneous bleeding and can effectively alleviate the local pain of injection. It is worthy of further study to clarify its role and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangfang Shen
- Department of Gynecological Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Fu
- Department of Gynecological Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Khan Z, Nath N, Rauf A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam F, Chandran D, Barua J, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Wilairatana P, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of β-sitosterol: Emerging evidence toward clinical applications. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110117. [PMID: 35995256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, available therapeutic medications are both costly as well as not entirely promising in terms of potency. So, new candidates from natural resources are of research interest to find new alternative therapeutics. A well-known combination is a β-sitosterol, a plant-derived nutrient with anticancer properties against breast, prostate, colon, lung, stomach, and leukemia. Studies have shown that β-sitosterol interferes with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic effects have been discovered during pharmacological screening without significant toxicity. The pharmacokinetic profile of β-sitosterol has also been extensively investigated. However, a comprehensive review of the pharmacology, phytochemistry and analytical methods of β-sitosterol is desired. Because β-sitosterol is a significant component of most plant materials, humans use it for various reasons, and numerous β-sitosterol-containing products have been commercialized. To offset the low efficacy of β-sitosterol, designing β-sitosterol delivery for "cancer cell-specific" therapy holds great potential. Delivery of β-sitosterol via liposomes is a demonstration that has shown great promise. But further research has not progressed on the drug delivery of β-sitosterol or how it can enhance β-sitosterol mediated anti-inflammatory activity, thus making β-sitosterol an orphan nutraceutical. Therefore, extensive research on β-sitosterol as an anticancer nutraceutical is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 642109, India
| | - Jackie Barua
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 East Saint Mary Boulevard, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India.
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26
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Khan A, Sohaib M, Ullah R, Hussain I, Niaz S, Malak N, de la Fuente J, Khan A, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Alanazi AD, Ben Said M. Structure-based in silico design and in vitro acaricidal activity assessment of Acacia nilotica and Psidium guajava extracts against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2901-2915. [PMID: 35972548 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi mite causes scabies in humans and mange in animals. Alternative methods for developing environmentally friendly and effective plant-based acaricides are now a priority. The purpose of this research was the in silico design and in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of ethanol extracts of Acacia nilotica and Psidium guajava plant leaves against S. scabiei. Chem-Draw ultra-software (v. 12.0.2.1076.2010) was used to draw 36 distinct compounds from these plants that were employed as ligands in docking tests against S. scabiei Aspartic protease (SsAP). With docking scores of - 6.50993 and - 6.16359, respectively, clionasterol (PubChem CID 457801) and mangiferin (PubChem CID 5281647) from A. nilotica inhibited the targeted protein SsAP, while only beta-sitosterol (PubChem CID 222284) from P. guajava interacted with the SsAP active site with a docking score of - 6.20532. Mortality in contact bioassay at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/ml was determined to calculate median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) values. Acacia nilotica extract had an LC50 value of 0.218 g/ml compared to P. guajava extract, which had an LC50 value of 0.829 g/ml at 6 h. These results suggest that A. nilotica extract is more effective in killing mites, and these plants may have novel acaricidal properties against S. scabiei. Further research should focus on A. nilotica as a potential substitute for clinically available acaricides against resistant mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Malak
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (INIFAP), Km 11 Federal Road Cuernavaca-Cuautla, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Abdullah D Alanazi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, 1040 Ad-Dawadimi, 11911, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
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27
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Afzal O, Akhter MH, Ahmad I, Muzammil K, Dawria A, Zeyaullah M, Altamimi ASA, Khalilullah H, Mir Najib Ullah SN, Rahman MA, Ali A, Shahzad N, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Abdel Aziz Ibrahim I. A β-Sitosterol Encapsulated Biocompatible Alginate/Chitosan Polymer Nanocomposite for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081711. [PMID: 36015337 PMCID: PMC9416187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β−sitosterol is the most abundant type of phytosterol or plant sterol and can be found in various plant dietary sources including natural oils, soy products, and nuts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic and clinical applications of β−sitosterol including lowering low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels, scavenging free radicals in the body, and interestingly, treating and preventing cancer. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing β−sitosterol encapsulated Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles (β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs) and evaluating their effectiveness in breast cancer treatment and their pharmacokinetic profile in vivo. The synthesized NPs, which incurred a mean size of 25 ± 1 nm, were extensively characterized in vitro for various parameters including surface charge and morphology. The NPs were further analyzed using DSC, FT-IR, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. The release of β−sito from NPs was carried out in a bio-relevant medium of pH 7.4 and pH 5.5 and samples were drawn off and analyzed under time frames of 0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 48, 80, and 96 h, and the best kinetic release model was developed after fitting drug release data into different kinetic models. The metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the prepared formulation was assessed. The radical scavenging potential of β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs was also studied. The pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, half-life (t1/2), and bioavailability were measured for β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs as compared to β−sito−suspension. The β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs stability was assessed at biological pH 7.4. The % drug release in PBS of pH 7.4 reportedly has shown 41 ± 6% vs. 11 ± 1% from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. In acidic pH 5.5 mimicking the tumor microenvironment has shown 75 ± 9% vs. 12 ± 4% drug release from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. When compared to the β−sito−suspension, the β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs demonstrated greater cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and ~3.41-fold higher oral bioavailability. Interestingly, this work demonstrated that β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs showed higher cytotoxicity due to improved bioavailability and antioxidant potential compared to the β−sito−suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Pei J, Prasad M, Mohamed Helal G, El-Sherbiny M, Abdelmonem Elsherbini DM, Rajagopal P, Palanisamy CP, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Surapaneni KM. Beta-Sitosterol Facilitates GLUT4 Vesicle Fusion on the Plasma Membrane via the Activation of Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Gastrocnemius Muscle of Adult Male Rats. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:7772305. [PMID: 35992048 PMCID: PMC9388314 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7772305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional overload in the form of high-fat and nonglycolysis sugar intake contributes towards the accelerated creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Glucose absorption and its subsequent oxidation processes in fat and muscle tissues alter as a consequence of these modifications. Insulin resistance (IR) caused glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to encounter a challenge that manifested itself as changes in glycolytic pathways and insulin signaling. We previously found that beta (β)-sitosterol reduces IR in fat tissue via IRS-1/PI3K/Akt facilitated signaling due to its hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity. The intention of this research was to see whether the phytosterol β-sitosterol can aid in the translocation of GLUT4 in rats fed on high-fat diet (HFD) and sucrose by promoting Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 signaling molecules. The rats were labeled into four groups, namely control rats, HFD and sucrose-induced diabetic control rats, HFD and sucrose-induced diabetic rats given oral dose of 20 mg/kg body wt./day of β-sitosterol treatment for 30 days, and HFD and sucrose-induced diabetic animals given oral administration of 50 mg/kg body wt./day metformin for 30 days. Diabetic rats administered with β-sitosterol and normalized the titers of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum testosterone, and the status of insulin tolerance and oral glucose tolerance. In comparison with the control group, β-sitosterol effectively regulated both glycolytic and gluconeogenesis enzymes. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA levels of key regulatory genes such as SNAP23, VAMP-2, syntaxin-4, IRAP, vimentin, and SPARC revealed that β-sitosterol significantly regulated the mRNA levels of the above genes in diabetic gastrocnemius muscle. Protein expression analysis of Rab10, IRAP, vimentin, and GLUT4 demonstrated that β-sitosterol had a positive effect on these proteins, resulting in effective GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. According to the findings, β-sitosterol reduced HFD and sucrose-induced IR and augmented GLUT4 translocation in gastrocnemius muscle through insulin signaling modulation via Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 and glucose metabolic enzymes. The present work is the first of its kind to show that β-sitosterol facilitates GLUT4 vesicle fusion on the plasma membrane via Rab/IRAP/Munc 18 signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinJin Pei
- Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains, Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ghada Mohamed Helal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Mahmoud Abdelmonem Elsherbini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600078, India
| | - Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry,Molecular Virology,Medical Education,Research,Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai 600123, India
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ampelopsis Japonica Root on Contact Dermatitis in Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:719-724. [PMID: 35907172 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of Ampelopsis japonica on contact dermatitis (CD). METHODS A total of 38 Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups by using a random number table: normal mice (n=6), CD model mice (n=8), CD mice treated with 3 or 30 mg/kg of the ethanol extract of A. japonica (EEAJ, n=8) and 7.5 mg/kg dexamethasone treated CD mice (DEX, n=8). CD was induced using topical application of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. EEAJ and DEX were topically applied to the shaved skin of each mouse for 6 days, and the effects of EEAJ and DEX on skin lesions and color, histopathological abnormalities such as epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production were investigated. The effects on changes in body weights and spleen/body weight ratio were also investigated. RESULTS EEAJ at 30 mg/kg significantly prevented scaling, erythema and enlargement of skin weight compared to using carbon dioxide. EEAJ also prevented epithelial hyperplasia and immune cell infiltrations induced by repeated application of DNFB (P<0.01). In addition, EEAJ significantly lowered levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The anti-inflammatory effects of EEAJ were similar to those of DEX. CONCLUSION A. japonica may be a new therapeutic agent with the potential to reduce or replace corticosteroids and its mechanisms are closely related to regulation of TNF-α production.
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Anokwah D, Kwatia EA, Amponsah IK, Jibira Y, Harley BK, Ameyaw EO, Obese E, Biney RP, Mensah AY. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the stem bark extract and some constituents of Aidia genipiflora (DC.) dandy (rubiaceae). Heliyon 2022; 8:e10082. [PMID: 36042726 PMCID: PMC9420343 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aidia genipiflora (DC.) Dandy (Rubiaceae) is used to treat various microbial and inflammatory conditions by traditional healers in West African countries. However, there is no information on anti-inflammatory potential of A. genipiflora. This work therefore provides information on the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant activities of the stem bark extracts and some bioactive constituents of Aidia genipiflora. Method The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts and compounds from A. genipiflora were investigated using the carrageenan-induced footpad oedema assay and the egg albumin denaturation assay. The antioxidant activities of the extract and compounds were investigated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and the phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity assay. The whole extract of A. genipiflora was also investigated for its acute oral toxicity using the fixed-dose procedure described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development guidelines. Result The whole extract showed no acute toxicity effect and the LD50 was estimated to be greater than 3000 mg/kg body weight. The whole extract, methanol, and ethyl acetate fractions (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity with respective percentage inhibition of oedema of 45.11 ± 3.41, 31.12 ± 3.42 and 29.28 ± 3.58 (p < 0.001) at the highest dose of 300 mg/kg. Diclofenac, used as a reference drug, gave a % inhibition of 48.94 ± 3.58. The compounds isolated from A. genipiflora demonstrated in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity at the IC50 range (16-96 μg/mL) compared to diclofenac (IC50 of 74.48 μg/mL). Oleanonic acid (AG1) and D-mannitol (AG4) further demonstrated in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (ED50 = 20.61 ± 1.29; 23.51 ± 1.26 mg/kg respectively) which was less potent compared to diclofenac (ED50 = 12.50 ± 1.41 mg/kg) in the carrageenan-induced oedema assay. The whole extract, pet. ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions of A. genipiflora exhibited DPPH scavenging activities with respective IC50 of 222.2, 169.7, 121.5, and 40.7 μg/mL. The whole extract of A. genipiflora exhibited considerable total antioxidant capacity with respective values of 248.5 mg/g of ascorbic acid equivalent. All the compounds exhibited low DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 (64-86 μg/mL), compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 3.13 ± 1.20 μg/mL). These results highlight the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Aidia genipiflora stem bark extract and its constituents as evidence to support its traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anokwah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Asante Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yakubu Jibira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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β-Sitosterol Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating FoxO1-Dependent Signaling in C2C12 Cell and Mice Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142894. [PMID: 35889851 PMCID: PMC9315776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a decline in muscle mass and strength with age, causing significant impairment in the ability to carry out normal daily functions and increased risk of falls and fractures, eventually leading to loss of independence. Maintaining protein homeostasis is an important factor in preventing muscle loss, and the decrease in muscle mass is caused by an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Although β-sitosterol has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity, the mechanism of β-sitosterol effect on the catabolic pathway was not well known. β-sitosterol was assessed in vitro and in vivo using a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mice model and C2C12 myoblasts. β-sitosterol protected mice from dexamethasone-induced muscle mass loss. The thickness of gastrocnemius muscle myofibers was increased in dexamethasone with the β-sitosterol treatment group (DS). Grip strength and creatine kinase (CK) activity were also recovered when β-sitosterol was treated. The muscle loss inhibitory efficacy of β-sitosterol in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube was also verified in C2C12 myoblast. β-sitosterol also recovered the width of myotubes. The protein expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) was increased in dexamethasone-treated animal models and C2C12 myoblast, but it was reduced when β-sitosterol was treated. MuRF1 also showed similar results to MAFbx in the mRNA level of C2C12 myotubes. In addition, in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of mouse models, Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) protein was increased in the dexamethasone-treated group (Dexa) compared with the control group and reduced in the DS group. Therefore, β-sitosterol would be a potential treatment agent for aging sarcopenia.
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Aloke C, Ohanenye IC, Aja PM, Ejike CECC. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants from African forests with potentials in rheumatoid arthritis management. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1205-1219. [PMID: 35788356 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, pain, and cartilage and bone damage. There is currently no cure for RA. It is however managed using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, often with severe side effects. Hidden within Africa's lush vegetation are plants with diverse medicinal properties including anti-RA potentials. This paper reviews the scientific literature for medicinal plants, growing in Africa, with reported anti-RA activities and identifies the most abundant phytochemicals deserving research attention. A search of relevant published scientific literature, using the major search engines, such as Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. was conducted to identify medicinal plants, growing in Africa, with anti-RA potentials. KEY FINDINGS Twenty plants belonging to 17 families were identified. The plants are rich in phytochemicals, predominantly quercetin, rutin, catechin, kaempferol, etc., known to affect some pathways relevant in RA initiation and progression, and therefore useful in its management. SUMMARY Targeted research is needed to unlock the potentials of medicinal plants by developing easy-to-use technologies for preparing medicines from them. Research attention should focus on how best to exploit the major phytochemicals identified in this review for the development of anti-RA 'green pharmaceuticals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Aloke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.,Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ikenna C Ohanenye
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso E C C Ejike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Song SJ, Liu X, Ji Q, Sun DZ, Xiu LJ, Xu JY, Yue XQ. Ziyin Huatan Recipe, a Chinese herbal compound, inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer by upregulating RUNX3 expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:355-364. [PMID: 35249836 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ziyin Huatan Recipe (ZYHT), a traditional Chinese medicine comprised of Lilii Bulbus, Pinelliae Rhizoma, and Hedyotis Diffusa, has shown promise in treating gastric cancer (GC). However, its potential mechanism has not yet been clearly addressed. This study aimed to predict targets and molecular mechanisms of ZYHT in treating GC by network pharmacology analysis and to explore the role of ZYHT in GC both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Targets and molecular mechanisms of ZYHT were predicted via network pharmacology analysis. The effects of ZYHT on the expression of metastasis-associated targets were further validated by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To explore the specific molecular mechanisms of the effects of ZYHT on migration and invasion, the runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene was knocked out by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9, and lentiviral vectors were transfected into SGC-7901 cells. Then lung metastasis model of GC in nude mice was established to explore the anti-metastasis effect of ZYHT. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the impact of ZYHT on the expression of metastasis-related proteins with or without RUNX3 gene. RESULTS The network pharmacology analysis showed that ZYHT might inhibit focal adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of GC. ZYHT inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro via regulating the expression of metastasis-associated targets. Knocking out RUNX3 almost completely reversed the cell phenotypes (migration and invasion) and protein expression levels elicited by ZYHT. In vivo studies showed that ZYHT inhibited the metastasis of GC cells to the lung and prolonged the survival time of the nude mice. Knocking out RUNX3 partly reversed the metastasis of GC cells to the lung and the protein expression levels elicited by ZYHT. CONCLUSION ZYHT can effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of GC in vitro and in vivo, and its molecular mechanism may relate to the upregulation of RUNX3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Strategic Support Force Xingcheng Special Duty Sanatorium, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Cancer Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Da-Zhi Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Li-Juan Xiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Bao X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xia L. Molecular Mechanism of β-Sitosterol and its Derivatives in Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:926975. [PMID: 35756648 PMCID: PMC9213880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Sitosterol (SIT), a white powdery organic substance with a molecular formula of C29H50O, is one of the most abundant naturally occurring phytosterols in plants. With a chemical composition similar to that of cholesterol, SIT is applied in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and chemical industries, owing to its unique biological and physicochemical properties. Modern pharmacological studies have elucidated good anti-tumor therapeutic effect activity of SIT, which mainly manifests as pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, anti-invasive, and chemosensitizing on tumor cells. In addition, SIT exerts an anti-tumor effect on multiple malignant tumors such as breast, gastric, lung, kidney, pancreatic, prostate, and other cancers. Further, SIT derivatives with structural modifications are promising anti-tumor drugs with significant anti-tumor effects. This review article focuses on recent studies relevant to the anti-tumor effects of SIT and summarizes its anti-tumor mechanism to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors and the development of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxun Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Tunit P, Chittasupho C, Sriyakul K, Tungsuruthai P, Chakkavittumrong P, Na-Bangchang K, Kietinun S. Emulgels Containing Perilla frutescens Seed Oil, Moringa oleifera Seed Oil, and Mixed Seed Oil: Microemulsion and Safety Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122348. [PMID: 35745923 PMCID: PMC9231324 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
P. frutescens seed oil and M. oleifera seed oil consist of fatty acids and sterols that are beneficial for skin. Mixing of these oils at 1:1 ratio has shown to increase antioxidant activity of oils. This study aims to formulate emulgels containing microemulsions of P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed P. frutescens and M. oleifera seed oils. The chemical constituents of P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil are analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The microemulsions are formulated by a phase titration method and characterized for the droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential value using a dynamic light scattering technique. The physical and chemical stability of the microemulsions are investigated using a rheometer and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The safety of microemulsion is evaluated on PBMC and human subjects. Emulgels containing three different types of microemulsion are formulated. The results show that P. frutescens seed oil is mainly composed of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, whereas M. oleifera seed oil contains a high proportion of oleic acid. Mixed seed oil contains a comparable amount of alpha-linolenic acid and oleic acid. All types of oils are composed of β-sitosterol as the major plant sterol. Microemulsions of all types of oils are successfully prepared by using Tween 80 as a surfactant due to the largest transparent region of pseudoternary phase diagram. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of all types of microemulsion are in the acceptable range upon storage at 30 °C for 1 month. Microemulsions exhibit pseudoplastic flow behavior. The percent of remaining oils in all types of microemulsion is more than 90% after storage at 30 °C for 1 month. Emulgels containing three types of microemulsions exhibit good characteristics and no change in viscosity after storage at 4, 30, and 45 °C for 1 month. The safety results reveal that three types of microemulsion do not induce cytotoxicity to PBMC nor induce skin irritation and allergic reactions. Emulgels containing microemulsions developed in this study can be used to safely deliver P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil to human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakairat Tunit
- Graduate Program in Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Kusuma Sriyakul
- Graduate Program in Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Parunkul Tungsuruthai
- Graduate Program in Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Panlop Chakkavittumrong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Somboon Kietinun
- Graduate Program in Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.K.)
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Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Exhibits Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production via NFκB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050981. [PMID: 35624846 PMCID: PMC9138086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus awkeotsang Makino extract (FAE) on Hs68 fibroblasts and BALB/c nude-mouse models are evaluated in this study. FAE was found to be non-toxic and showed high levels of DPPH, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities; a ferrous chelating capacity; as well as ferric-reducing antioxidant capability. The antioxidant activity of FAE was strongly associated with polyphenolic content (flavonoids at 10.3 mg QE g−1 and total phenol at 107.6 mg GAE g−1). The anti-inflammatory activity of FAE and the underlying molecular mechanisms were also investigated. The a* value of the mouse dorsal skin after treatment with FAE at 1.5 mg/mL in addition to chronic UVB exposure was found to decrease by 19.2% during a ten-week period. The anti-inflammatory effect of FAE was evidenced by the decreased accumulation of inflammatory cells and skin thickness. Expression levels of UVB-induced inflammatory proteins, including ROS, NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6, were significantly reduced upon FAE treatment in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that the inhibition of ROS and UVB-induced activation of the NF-κB downstream signaling pathway by FAE, indicating considerable potential as a versatile adjuvant against free radical damage in pharmaceutical applications.
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Pathak K, Pathak MP, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Sahariah JJ, Zothantluanga JH, Samanta A, Das A. Cancer Chemotherapy via Natural Bioactive Compounds. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e310322202888. [PMID: 35362385 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220331095744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-induced mortality is increasingly prevalent globally which skyrocketed the necessity to discover new/novel safe and effective anticancer drugs. Cancer is characterized by the continuous multiplication of cells in the human which is unable to control. Scientific research is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived bioactive compounds as they have fewer side effects compared to the current synthetic drugs used for chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE Drugs isolated from natural sources and their role in the manipulation of epigenetic markers in cancer are discussed briefly in this review article. METHODS With advancing medicinal plant biotechnology and microbiology in the past century, several anticancer phytomedicines were developed. Modern pharmacopeia contains at least 25% herbal-based remedy including clinically used anticancer drugs. These drugs mainly include the podophyllotoxin derivatives vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin,andbruceantin. RESULTS Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin,and halichondrin) isolated from marine sources and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates. They have been evaluated for their anticancer activity on cells and experimental animal models and used chemotherapy.Drug induced manipulation of epigenetic markers plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION The development of a new drug from isolated bioactive compounds of plant sources has been a feasible way to lower the toxicity and increase their effectiveness against cancer. Potential anticancer therapeutic leads obtained from various ethnomedicinal plants, foods, marine, and microorganisms are showing effective yet realistically safe pharmacological activity. This review will highlight important plant-based bioactive compounds like curcumin, stilbenes, terpenes, other polyphenolic phyto-compounds, and structurally related families that are used to prevent/ ameliorate cancer. However, a contribution from all possible fields of science is still a prerequisite for discovering safe and effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Jon Jyoti Sahariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - James H Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
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Akhtar MA. Anti-Inflammatory Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh—A Pharmacological Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:809324. [PMID: 35401207 PMCID: PMC8987533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.809324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are considered major threats to human health worldwide. In Bangladesh, a number of medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine from time immemorial in the treatment of diverse diseases, including inflammatory disorders. This assignment aims at providing the status of the medicinal plants of Bangladesh which are traditionally used in the management of inflammatory disorders and are investigated for their anti-inflammatory prospects using different preclinical studies and future research directions. The information of medicinal plants assembled in this review was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect up to December, 2020 from publications on plants investigated for their anti-inflammatory activities, in which the place of plant sample collection was identified as Bangladesh. Keywords for primary searches were “anti-inflammatory,” “Bangladeshi,” and “medicinal plants.” Criteria followed to include plant species were plants that showed significant anti-inflammatory activities in 1) two or more sets of experiments in a single report, 2) same or different sets of experiments in two or more reports, and, 3) plants which are traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory disorders. In this study, 48 species of medicinal plants have been reviewed which have been used in traditional healing practices to manage inflammatory disorders in Bangladesh. The mechanistic pathways of the in vivo and in vitro study models used for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory properties of plant samples have been discussed. Selected plants were described in further detail for their habitat, anti-inflammatory studies conducted in countries other than Bangladesh, and anti-inflammatory active constituents isolated from these plants if any. Medicinal plants of Bangladesh have immense significance for anti-inflammatory activity and have potential to contribute toward the discovery and development of novel therapeutic approaches to combat diseases associated with inflammation. However, the plants reviewed in this article had chiefly undergone preliminary screening and require substantial investigations including identification of active molecules, understanding the mechanism of action, and evaluation for safety and efficacy to be followed by the formulation of safe and effective drug products.
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Molecular docking studies of phytochemicals from Terminalia chebula for identification of potential multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100557. [PMID: 35185301 PMCID: PMC8847108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global pandemic claiming more than 6 million lives worldwide as of 16 March 2022. Till date, no medicine has been developed which is proved to have 100% efficiency in combating against this deadly disease. We focussed on ayurvedic medicines to identify drug-like candidates for treatment and management of COVID-19. Among all ayurvedic medicines, we were interested in Terminalia chebula (T. chebula), as it is known to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives In this study, we evaluated potential inhibitory effects of phytochemicals from T. chebula against eight structural and functional proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods We performed blind molecular docking studies using fifteen phytochemicals from T. chebula against the proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The three-dimensional proteins structures were analysed and potential drug-binding sites were identified. The drug-likeness properties of the ligands were assessed as well. Results Analysing the docking results by comparing Atomic Contact Energy (ACE) and intermolecular interactions along with assessment of ADME/T properties identified 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose (−332.14 ± 55.74 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (−324.75 ± 36.98 kcal/mol) and Daucosterol (−335.67 ± 104.79 kcal/mol) as most promising candidates which exhibit significantly high inhibition efficiency against all eight protein targets. Conclusions We believe that our study has the potential to help the scientific communities to develop multi-target drugs from T. chebula to combat against the deadly pathogen of COVID-19, with the support of extensive wet lab analysis.
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Majumder R, Dhara M, Adhikari L, Panigrahi A. Comparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity between n-butanol fraction, leaf and stem methanolic extract obtained from Olaxpsittacorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114697. [PMID: 34626778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl. traditionally used by the tribal communities of 'INDIA' to heal conditions such as pain, psoriasis, mouthulcer, anemia, constipation as well as diabetes followed by scientific evidences like antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer property too. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT Solvent fractionation process by using chloroform, distilled water and n-butanol has been developed to get the precipitate as a fraction (encrypted as FrAE-ISO) of leaf methanolic extract (LME) and established GC-MS and antiinflammatory evaluation. The aim was to enumerate the potency against inflammation of FrAE-ISO comparing with LME, SME (Stem methanolic extract) and Diclofenac. TLC of LME extract has been developed too for separation & evaluation of the compounds appeared as bands obtained by scraping process. The motive of the experiment was to acquire an isolate from LME that can able to show an emense anti-inflammatory action compared to LME and SME. MATERIALS AND METHODS Priliminary phytochemical screening upon LME, SME and FrAE-ISO preformed by the standard methods of literatures. Scrapped portions of developed TLC plate (G-254 graded silica) of LME (n-Hexane:Ethylacetate; 7.5:2.5) were introduced to GC-MS evaluation. FrAE-ISO has introduced at a minute quantity (5 and 10 mg/kg/bw) within Wister albino rats (per os) against inflammation (model: carrageenan-induced paw edema) to evaluate its potency as compared to LME (25 mg/kg/bw), SME (25 mg/kg/bw) and Diclofenac (100 mg/kg). GC-MS evaluation has been conducted in both FrAE-ISO and scrapped sections to evaluate the presence of compounds qualitatively. RESULTS LME and SME, qualitatively through different screening processes confirm the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, amino acids, tannins, and saponins respectively. According to the quantitative study of the extracts concerning total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin content equivalent to gallic acid, quercetin, tannic acid, and diosgenin respectively have shown less amount of phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin content in SME (30.95, 205.33 and 30.82 mg/g extract respectively) as compared to LME (95.68, 713.33 and 66.41 mg/g extract respectively). Quantitative estimation has shown the presence of 825.27 mg of saponin equivalent to diosgenin per gram of FrAE-ISO. The GC-MS study has revealed that every section of the leaf extract has " Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester " in common with other important compounds responsible for its potent contribution towards the anti-inflammatory property. The scrapped portions of the TLC plate having mixture of compounds but FrAE-ISO has shown a sharp peak in GC-MS (up to 34 min of run time) as well as few crystals like structures under the binocular microscope. Compact doses of FrAEISO (yield = 1.645%) i.e. 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight was able to compete with 100 mg/kg Diclofenac portraying 88%-95% inhibition respectively throughout all phases of inflammation with no-significant differences compared to standard evaluated by ANOVA (in SPSS). CONCLUSION Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl. could be a good choice to explore its importance within the pharmacognostic field of drug development and might be a better source of herbal-derived lead compounds which can help to treat other various activities like ulcer healing or anti-anemic property etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Majumder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal School of Technology, A College of Pharmacy, Delhi-Road, Sugandha, Hooghly, West-Bengal, 712102, India.
| | - Moonmun Dhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Lopamudra Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Amitav Panigrahi
- Hi-Tech Hospital Road, Pandra, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751025, India.
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Tan YY, Ding Y, Zheng X, Dai GJ, Zhang SM, Yang X, Xu DC, Chen P, Zhang JM, Ma JZ, Li M, Huang SC, Liu Y, Zhang YT, Xing H, Ding K, Ding YJ. Ding's herbal enema treats dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and maintaining the Treg/Th17 cell balance. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1368. [PMID: 34659514 PMCID: PMC8515548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ding's herbal enema (DHEP) is a traditional Chinese medicinal therapy that has been used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. The present study determined the molecular mechanism of the effect of DHEP in UC treatment. C57BL/6J mice were treated with 3.5% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days to establish an animal model of colitis. The mice were divided into five groups (n=5): Control, vehicle, DHEP, mesalazine and β-sitosterol. After oral administration for 7 days, the body weight, disease activity index, histopathology and inflammatory factors were analyzed. The fractions of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and CD4+IL-17A+ T helper (Th) cells were determined by flow cytometry. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by next-generation sequencing. The results revealed that DHEP and β-sitosterol could significantly alleviate the symptoms of DSS-induced UC. Furthermore, the levels of IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α and p65 were reduced after administration of DHEP. Additionally, the data indicated that DHEP could increase the abundance of seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and decrease the abundance of 12 OTUs in the gut microbiota. The content of short-chain fatty acids in the colon remodeled the balance of Treg/Th17 cells in DSS-induced UC in mice. The present study preliminarily defined the mechanism of action of DHEP in UC that may be associated with the regulation of the gut microbiota composition, and maintenance of the balance between Treg and Th17 cells. Furthermore, β-sitosterol exhibited the same effects with DHEP and it could be a possible substitute for DHEP in UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Tan
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Zheng
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Jian Dai
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Su-Min Zhang
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Da-Chao Xu
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Min Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ze Ma
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Cai Huang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Kang Ding
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jiang Ding
- Department of National Center of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Integrate Colorectal Oncology Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, P.R. China
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Phonghanpot S, Jarintanan F. Antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib aqueous extracts in gut and liver perspective. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:276. [PMID: 34736448 PMCID: PMC8567622 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib is an herb in Thai traditional medicine. Its decoction is traditionally used as an anticancer, antidiarrheal, and hangover remedy for centuries. Several studies described bioactivities of its organic solvent extracts, however, only few demonstrated the usefulness of the decoction. Here, we aimed to determine the bioactivities of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib root and stem aqueous extracts in gut and liver perspective. METHODS To achieve the goal, we performed MTT test, microscopic analyses, disc diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay, free radicals scavenging assays, and LC-MS analysis. RESULTS We found that the extracts inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines. Moreover, they also inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus but not inhibited the growth of gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited moderate antioxidant activity and increased GSH production in HepG2 cell line when compared with untreated. Our LC-MS analysis confirmed the existence of anticancer and antioxidant; 3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxyflavanonol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and β-sitosterol, in the extracts. CONCLUSION The results from our study supported that the administration of Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib root and stem decoction would really aid colon or liver cancer patients and detoxify the alcoholic drunkard as it is claimed in Thai traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranat Phonghanpot
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Sciences, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang Ake, Phaholyothin road, Lak Hok, Muang, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Faongchat Jarintanan
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang Ake, Phaholyothin road, Lak Hok, Muang, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand.
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Chakraborty K, Joy M, Raola VK. Anti-inflammatory β-sitosterols from the Asiatic loop-root mangrove Rhizophora mucronata attenuate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes. Steroids 2021; 172:108860. [PMID: 33971207 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four biogenic β-sitosterol analogues were identified from methanolic extract of the leaves of loop-root mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. These were characterized as 4, 14, 23-trimethyl-3β-sitosterol (1), 7-ethyl-3β-sitosterol (2), sitosteryl-3β-(33E)-pent-33-enoate (3) and 12α-hydroxy-3β-sitosterol (4) based on comprehensive spectroscopic techniques. Anti-inflammatory activities of β-sitosterol 4 against pro-inflammatory enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 were found to be significantly higher (IC50 1.85 and 1.92 mM, respectively) compared to those demonstrated by compounds of 1-3 (p < 0.05). These β-sitosterol analogues disclosed superior selectivity indices (1.43-2.07) with regard to inducible cyclooxygenase-2 than its constitutive isoform cyclooxygenase-1, when compared to the standard, ibuprofen (0.44). Antioxidant properties of 12α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (4) were found to be significantly greater (IC50 1.43-1.67 mM) than those of other sitosterol analogues. Structure-activity correlation analyses put forward that the bioactive potencies of the titled β-sitosterols were positively correlated to their electronic parameters. Molecular docking simulations were carried out in the active sites of 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase-2, and the docking scores and binding energies of the studied β-sitosterol analogues were positively correlated with their attenuation properties against 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala State, India.
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala State, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Raola
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, Kerala State, India
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Marahatha R, Gyawali K, Sharma K, Gyawali N, Tandan P, Adhikari A, Timilsina G, Bhattarai S, Lamichhane G, Acharya A, Pathak I, Devkota HP, Parajuli N. Pharmacologic activities of phytosteroids in inflammatory diseases: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potentials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5103-5124. [PMID: 33957012 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives are known to be useful for treating numerous diseases since ancient times. Because of their high therapeutic potentials, the use of different medicinal plants is possible to treat varied inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. Among natural products, phytosteroids have emerged as promising compounds mostly because they have diverse pharmacological activities. Currently, available medications exert numerous systemic toxicities, including hypertension, immune suppression, osteoporosis, and metabolic abnormalities. Thus, further research on phytosteroids to subside these complications is of significant importance. In this study, the information on phytosteroids, their types, and actions against inflammation, and allergic complications was collected by a systematic survey of literature on several scientific search engines. The literature review suggested that phytosteroids exhibit antiinflammatory action via different modes through transrepression or selective COX-2 enzymes. Also, in silico ADMET analysis was carried out on available phytosteroids to uncover their pharmacokinetic properties. Our analysis has shown that eight compounds: withaferin A, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, guggulsterone, diosgenin, sarsasapogenin, physalin A, and dioscin, -isolated from medicinal plants show similar pharmacokinetic properties as compared to dexamethasone, commercially available glucocorticoid. These phytosteroids could be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, systematic research is required to explore potent phytosteroids with lesser side effects, which might substitute the current medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Marahatha
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kabita Sharma
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Narayan Gyawali
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Parbati Tandan
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashma Adhikari
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Grishma Timilsina
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ganesh Lamichhane
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ashis Acharya
- Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ishwor Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Potential Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive β-sitosterol from Root Bark of Rhizophora apiculata from Lampung Coastal. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2021. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.24.4.114-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-sitosterol is an essential bioactive phytosterol naturally present in plant cell membranes. It has a coincident structure with animal cholesterol. This investigation reported isolation, structure analysis, and an antimicrobial assay of β-sitosterol from the root bark of Bakau Minyak (Rhizophora apiculata) from Lampung coastal. The isolation of β-sitosterol was carried out through maceration using methanol, separation by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), and purification by column chromatography (CC) using ethyl acetate/n-hexane (2:8) as eluent. The structure of β-sitosterol was determined using spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis, FT-IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, DEPT, and GC-MS). The pure β-sitosterol has 107.4 mg of white needle crystalline compound, the compound melting point about 140.7-141.2oC, the molecular mass confirmed by m/z 414, and UV absorption detected at λ 203.9 nm. The β-sitosterol antimicrobial bioactivity assay has shown potential activity to be developed as a lead compound against E. coli.
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Li S, Cheng CS, Zhang C, Tang GY, Tan HY, Chen HY, Wang N, Lai AYK, Feng Y. Edible and Herbal Plants for the Prevention and Management of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656103. [PMID: 33995078 PMCID: PMC8113769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic spreading throughout the world. Unfortunately, due to the high infectiousness of the novel β-coronavirus, it is very likely to become an ordinary epidemic. The development of dietary supplements and functional foods might provide a strategy for the prevention and management of COVID-19. Scope and Approach: A great diversity of potential edible and medicinal plants and/or natural compounds showed potential benefits in managing SARS, which may also combat COVID-19. Moreover, many plants and compounds have currently been proposed to be protective against COVID-19. This information is based on data-driven approaches and computational chemical biology techniques. In this study, we review promising candidates of edible and medicinal plants for the prevention and management of COVID-19. We primarily focus on analyzing their underlying mechanisms. We aim to identify dietary supplements and functional foods that assist in managing this epidemic. Key findings and Conclusion: We infer that acetoside, glyasperin, isorhamnetin, and several flavonoid compounds may prevent and/or be effective in managing COVID-19 by targeting the viral infection, reducing the host cytokine storm, regulating the immune response, and providing organ protection. These bioactive dietary components (used either alone or in combination) might assist in the development of dietary supplements or functional foods for managing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Shen X, Zhang W, Peng C, Yan J, Chen P, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Chen D, Zhu W, Yao M. In vitro anti-bacterial activity and network pharmacology analysis of Sanguisorba officinalis L. against Helicobacter pylori infection. Chin Med 2021; 16:33. [PMID: 33865425 PMCID: PMC8052767 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has become an international public health problem, and antibiotic-based triple or quadruple therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment. However, the effectiveness of these therapies decreases due to resistance to multiple commonly used antibiotics. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (S. officinalis), a traditional Chinese medicine clinically used for hemostasis and treatment of diarrhea, has various pharmacological activities. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity was used for the preliminary evaluation of S. officinalis against H. pylori. And a pharmacology analysis approach was also utilized to elucidate its underlying mechanisms against H. pylori infection. Methods Micro-broth dilution method, agar dilution method, checkerboard assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the assessment of anti-bacterial activity. Active ingredients screening, GO analysis, KEGG analysis, construction of PPI network, molecular docking, and RT-qPCR were used to elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of S. officinalis against H. pylori infection. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of S. officinalis against multiple H. pylori strains including clinically isolated multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains were ranging from 160 to 320 µg/ml. These results showed that S. officinalis had additive interaction with four commonly used antibiotics and could exert antibacterial effect by changing the morphology of bacteria without developing drug resistance. Through network pharmacology analysis, 8 active ingredients in S. officinalis were screened out for subsequent studies. Among 222 putative targets of S. officinalis, 49 targets were identified as potential targets for treatment of H. pylori infection. And these 49 targets were significantly enriched in GO processes such as protein kinase B signaling, protein kinase activity, protein kinase binding, and KEGG pathways such as Pathways in cancer, MicroRNAs in cancer, and TNF signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction analysis yielded 5 core targets (AKT1, VEGFA, EGFR, SRC, CCND1), which were validated by molecular docking and RT-qPCR. Conclusions Overall, this study confirmed the in vitro inhibitory activity of S. officinalis against H. pylori and explored the possible pharmacological mechanisms, laying the foundation for further research and clinical application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00442-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pengting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuemei Yuan
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Donglian Chen
- Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chen S, Li X, Wu J, Li J, Xiao M, Yang Y, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Plumula Nelumbinis: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113429. [PMID: 33011369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plumula Nelumbinis, the green embryo of the mature seeds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has a medical history of over 400 years. It is widely used for clearing the heart and heat, calming the mind, and promoting astringent essence and hemostasis in traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, it usually dual use as food and medicine. This review aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Plumula Nelumbinis by summarizing its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety. METHODS This review summarized published studies on Plumula Nelumbinis in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Wiley and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), and limits the different research articles in botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety about Plumula Nelumbinis. RESULTS Plumula Nelumbinis is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmia, severe aplastic anemia, insomnia, encephalopathy and gynecological disease in traditional Chinese medicine and clinical studies. More than 130 chemicals have been isolated and identified from Plumula Nelumbinis, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides and volatile oil. In addition, pharmacological effects, such as protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, lung and kidney injury, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, were also evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, the potential signaling pathways regulated by Plumula Nelumbinis in cardiovascular and neurological diseases and perspectives on Plumula Nelumbinis research were discussed. CONCLUSION Plumula Nelumbinis, a commonly used Chinese medicine, has a variety of traditional and modern therapeutic uses. Some traditional uses, especially the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, have been verified by pharmacological investigation. However, the pharmacological molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Plumula Nelumbinis are still incomplete. In the future, a series of systematic studies on active compounds identification, pharmacological mechanism clarification, quality and safety evaluation are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xuping Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Junxuan Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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Zhang WJ, Zhao ZY, Chang LK, Cao Y, Wang S, Kang CZ, Wang HY, Zhou L, Huang LQ, Guo LP. Atractylodis Rhizoma: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113415. [PMID: 32987126 PMCID: PMC7521906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR), mainly includes Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea) and Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. (A. chinensis) is widely used in East Asia as a diuretic and stomachic drug, for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza as it contains a variety of sesquiterpenoids and other components of medicinal importance. AIM OF THE REVIEW A systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of AR was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, etc. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List". RESULTS Over 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from AR, notably sesquiterpenoids and alkynes. Various pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, especially improving gastrointestinal function and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of AR. CONCLUSIONS The researches on AR are extensive, but gaps still remain. The molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of these components need to be further elucidated. It is suggested that further studies should be carried out in the aspects of comprehensive evaluation of the quality of medicinal materials, understanding of the "effective forms" and "additive effects" of the pharmacodynamic substances based on the same pharmacophore of TCM, and its long-term toxicity in vivo and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Kun Chang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Network pharmacology-based analysis of Zukamu granules for the treatment of COVID-19. Eur J Integr Med 2021; 42:101282. [PMID: 33425074 PMCID: PMC7778372 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Zukamu granules may play a potential role in the fight against the Coronavirus, COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms of Zukamu granules using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking. Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to filter the active compounds and the targets of each drug in the prescription. The Genecards and OMIM databases were used for identifying the targets related to COVID-19. The STRING database was used to analyze the intersection targets. Compound - target interaction and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape to decipher the anti-COVID-19 mechanisms of action of the prescription. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action. Finally, the interaction between the targets and the active compounds was verified by molecular docking technology. Results A total of 66 targets were identified. Further analysis identified 10 most important targets and 12 key compounds. Besides, 1340 biological processes, 43 cell compositions, and 87 molecular function items were obtained (P < 0.05). One hundred and thirty pathways were obtained (P < 0.05). The results of molecular docking showed that there was a stable binding between the active compounds and the targets. Conclusion Analysis of the constructed pharmacological network results allowed for the prediction and interpretation of the multi-constituent, multi-targeted, and multi-pathway mechanisms of Zukamu granules as a potential source for supportive treatment of COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ALB, Serum Albumin
- BP, Biological Process
- CASP3, Caspase-3
- CC, Cell Composition
- CCND1, Cyclin D1
- COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019
- Covid-19
- EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
- FOS, C-FOS
- GO, Gene Ontology
- IL-6, Interleukin- 6
- INS, Insulin
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome
- MAPK8, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase 8
- MF, Molecular Function
- MYC, Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
- Molecular docking
- Network pharmacology
- PPI, Protein-Protein Interaction
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- TCMSP, Traditional Chinese Medicine systems pharmacology
- VEGFA, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A
- Zukamu granule
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