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Hassan HM, Hamdan AM, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Bahattab O, Al-Gayyar MMH. Evaluating anticancer activity of emodin by enhancing antioxidant activities and affecting PKC/ADAMTS4 pathway in thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2365590. [PMID: 38861483 PMCID: PMC11168332 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2365590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. We aim to assess the anticancer activity of emodin against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rat models using the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis biomarkers. After induction of HCC, assessment of the liver impairment and the histopathology of liver sections were investigated. Hepatic expression of both mRNA and protein of the oxidative stress biomarkers, HO-1, Nrf2; the mitogenic activation biomarkers, ERK5, PKCδ; the tissue destruction biomarker, ADAMTS4; the tissue homeostasis biomarker, aggregan; the cellular fibrinolytic biomarker, MMP3; and of the cellular angiogenesis biomarker, VEGF were measured. Emodin increased the survival percentage and reduced the number of hepatic nodules compared to the HCC group. Besides, emodin reduced the elevated expression of both mRNA and proteins of all PKC, ERK5, ADAMTS4, MMP3, and VEGF compared with the HCC group. On the other hand, emodin increased the expression of mRNA and proteins of Nrf2, HO-1, and aggrecan compared with the HCC group. Therefore, emodin is a promising anticancer agent against HCC preventing the cancer prognosis and infiltration. It works through many mechanisms of action, such as blocking oxidative stress, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M. Hassan
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. H. Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Zhai Y, Wu F, Xu X, Zhao P, Xin L, Li M, Zong Y, Yang Z, Li Z, Wang L, Chen B. Silencing of spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1 suppressed the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through farnesyltransferase-beta and increased drug sensitivity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34484. [PMID: 39148981 PMCID: PMC11324819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Despite great advances have been made on the treatment of HCC, the survival rate of patients remains poor. Spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1 (SPDL1) is involved in the development of various cancers in humans. However, the role of SPDL1 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we found high expression of SPDL1 in HCC tissues as compared to normal samples. In vitro, silencing of SPDL1 induced HCC cell apoptosis, and suppressed HCC cell propagation and migration. In vivo, knockdown of SPDL1 inhibited the tumor growth of HCC cells. These findings indicated the tumor-promoting role of SPDL1 in HCC. Mechanistically, we identified farnesyltransferase-beta (FNTB) as the downstream target protein of SPDL1 based on immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, which were confirmed by western blotting. Rescue assay determined that FNTB played a tumor promoting role in SPDL1-trigger HCC cell growth. Overexpression of FNTB recovered HCC cell viability and migration in SPDL1 knockdown cells. We also found that silencing of SPDL1 increased the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib and lenvatinib, suggesting that SPDL1 is a new therapeutic target in HCC. Collectivity, the present study identified a new axis SPDL1/FNTB involved in the progression of HCC. Hence, SPDL1/FNTB is a potential target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lingxia Xin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhuanbo Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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Adamus JP, Ruszczyńska A, Wyczałkowska-Tomasik A. Molybdenum's Role as an Essential Element in Enzymes Catabolizing Redox Reactions: A Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:869. [PMID: 39062583 PMCID: PMC11275037 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human life, acting as a cofactor in various enzymes crucial for metabolic homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the latest advances in research on molybdenum-containing enzymes and their clinical significance. One of these enzymes is xanthine oxidase (XO), which plays a pivotal role in purine catabolism, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of inducing oxidative stress and subsequent organ dysfunction. Elevated XO activity is associated with liver pathologies such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aldehyde oxidases (AOs) are also molybdenum-containing enzymes that, similar to XO, participate in drug metabolism, with notable roles in the oxidation of various substrates. However, beneath its apparent efficacy, AOs' inhibition may impact drug effectiveness and contribute to liver damage induced by hepatotoxins. Another notable molybdenum-enzyme is sulfite oxidase (SOX), which catalyzes the conversion of sulfite to sulfate, crucial for the degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids. Recent research highlights SOX's potential as a diagnostic marker for HCC, offering promising sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing cancerous lesions. The newest member of molybdenum-containing enzymes is mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC), involved in drug metabolism and detoxification reactions. Emerging evidence suggests its involvement in liver pathologies such as HCC and NAFLD, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. Overall, understanding the roles of molybdenum-containing enzymes in human physiology and disease pathology is essential for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various health conditions, particularly those related to liver dysfunction. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying these enzymes' functions could lead to novel treatments and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Piotr Adamus
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Arefan D, D'Ardenne NM, Iranpour N, Catania R, Yousef J, Chupetlovska K, Moghe A, Sholosh B, Thangasamy S, Borhani AA, Singhi AD, Monga SP, Furlan A, Wu S. Quantitative radiomics and qualitative LI-RADS imaging descriptors for non-invasive assessment of β-catenin mutation status in hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:2220-2230. [PMID: 38782785 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gain-of-function mutations in CTNNB1, gene encoding for β-catenin, are observed in 25-30% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Recent studies have shown β-catenin activation to have distinct roles in HCC susceptibility to mTOR inhibitors and resistance to immunotherapy. Our goal was to develop and test a computational imaging-based model to non-invasively assess β-catenin activation in HCC, since liver biopsies are often not done due to risk of complications. METHODS This IRB-approved retrospective study included 134 subjects with pathologically proven HCC and available β-catenin activation status, who also had either CT or MR imaging of the liver performed within 1 year of histological assessment. For qualitative descriptors, experienced radiologists assessed the presence of imaging features listed in LI-RADS v2018. For quantitative analysis, a single biopsy proven tumor underwent a 3D segmentation and radiomics features were extracted. We developed prediction models to assess the β-catenin activation in HCC using both qualitative and quantitative descriptors. RESULTS There were 41 cases (31%) with β-catenin mutation and 93 cases (69%) without. The model's AUC was 0.70 (95% CI 0.60, 0.79) using radiomics features and 0.64 (0.52, 0.74; p = 0.468) using qualitative descriptors. However, when combined, the AUC increased to 0.88 (0.80, 0.92; p = 0.009). Among the LI-RADS descriptors, the presence of a nodule-in-nodule showed a significant association with β-catenin mutations (p = 0.015). Additionally, 88 radiomics features exhibited a significant association (p < 0.05) with β-catenin mutations. CONCLUSION Combination of LI-RADS descriptors and CT/MRI-derived radiomics determine β-catenin activation status in HCC with high confidence, making precision medicine a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooman Arefan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas M D'Ardenne
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Negaur Iranpour
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roberta Catania
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. Saint Clair Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob Yousef
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kalina Chupetlovska
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, University Hospital "Saint Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Akshata Moghe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Biatta Sholosh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Senthur Thangasamy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Amir A Borhani
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. Saint Clair Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, S405A-BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, S405A-BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shandong Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Galasso L, Cerrito L, Maccauro V, Termite F, Mignini I, Esposto G, Borriello R, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7191. [PMID: 39000296 PMCID: PMC11241080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent among primary liver tumors (90%) and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. It develops usually in a chronically inflamed environment, ranging from compensatory parenchymal regeneration to fibrosis and cirrhosis: carcinogenesis can potentially happen in each of these stages. Inflammation determined by chronic viral infection (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis delta viruses) represents an important risk factor for HCC etiology through both viral direct damage and immune-related mechanisms. The deregulation of the physiological liver immunological network determined by viral infection can lead to carcinogenesis. The recent introduction of immunotherapy as the gold-standard first-line treatment for HCC highlights the role of the immune system and inflammation as a double-edged weapon in both HCC carcinogenesis and treatment. In this review we highlight how the inflammation is the key for the hepatocarcinogenesis in viral, alcohol and metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Galasso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Termite
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mignini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Esposto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Lee J, Bao X. Comparative Review on Cancer Pathology from Aberrant Histone Chaperone Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6403. [PMID: 38928110 PMCID: PMC11203986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone chaperones are integral to chromatin dynamics, facilitating the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes, thereby playing a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Moreover, they prevent aberrant histone interactions prior to chromatin assembly. Disruption in histone chaperone function may result in genomic instability, which is implicated in pathogenesis. This review aims to elucidate the role of histone chaperones in cancer pathologies and explore their potential as therapeutic targets. Histone chaperones have been found to be dysregulated in various cancers, with alterations in expression levels, mutations, or aberrant interactions leading to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In addition, this review intends to highlight the molecular mechanisms of interactions between histone chaperones and oncogenic factors, underscoring their roles in cancer cell survival and proliferation. The dysregulation of histone chaperones is significantly correlated with cancer development, establishing them as active contributors to cancer pathology and viable targets for therapeutic intervention. This review advocates for continued research into histone chaperone-targeted therapies, which hold potential for precision medicine in oncology. Future advancements in understanding chaperone functions and interactions are anticipated to lead to novel cancer treatments, enhancing patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiucong Bao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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Kalil JA, Deschenes M, Perrier H, Zlotnik O, Metrakos P. Navigating Complex Challenges: Preoperative Assessment and Surgical Strategies for Liver Resection in Patients with Fibrosis or Cirrhosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1264. [PMID: 38927471 PMCID: PMC11201140 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the intricacies of evaluating cirrhotic patients for liver resection while exploring how to extend surgical intervention to those typically excluded by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) criteria guidelines by focusing on the need for robust preoperative assessment and innovative surgical strategies. Cirrhosis presents unique challenges and complicates liver resection due to the altered physiology of the liver, portal hypertension, and liver decompensation. The primary objective of this review is to discuss the current approaches in assessing the suitability of cirrhotic patients for liver resection and aims to identify which patients outside of the BCLC criteria can safely undergo liver resection by highlighting emerging strategies that can improve surgical safety and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Kalil
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (H.P.); (O.Z.)
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Center, Research Institute, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marc Deschenes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology & Transplantation, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Hugo Perrier
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (H.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Oran Zlotnik
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (H.P.); (O.Z.)
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Center, Research Institute, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (H.P.); (O.Z.)
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Center, Research Institute, 1001 Blvd Decarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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8
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Zeimpekis KG, Mercolli L, Conti M, Sari H, Rominger A, Rathke H. 90Y post-radioembolization clinical assessment with whole-body Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT: image quality, tumor, liver and lung dosimetry. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2100-2113. [PMID: 38347299 PMCID: PMC11139701 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of 90Y liver radioembolization post-treatment clinical data using a whole-body Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT to investigate the potential of protocol optimization in terms of scan time and dosimetry. METHODS 17 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with median (IQR) injected activity 2393 (1348-3298) MBq were included. Pre-treatment dosimetry plan was based on 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT with Simplicit90Y™ and post-treatment validation with Quadra using Simplicit90Y™ and HERMIA independently. Regarding the image analysis, mean and peak SNR, the coefficient of variation (COV) and lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) were evaluated. For the post-treatment dosimetry validation, the mean tumor, whole liver and lung absorbed dose evaluation was performed using Simplicit90Y and HERMES. Images were reconstructed with 20-, 15-, 10-, 5- and 1- min sinograms with 2, 4, 6 and 8 iterations. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to show statistical significance (p < 0.05). RESULTS There was no difference of statistical significance between 20- and 5- min reconstructed times for the peak SNR, COV and LBR. In addition, there was no difference of statistical significance between 20- and 1- min reconstructed times for all dosimetry metrics. Lung dosimetry showed consistently lower values than the expected. Tumor absorbed dose based on Simplicit90Y™ was similar to the expected while HERMES consistently underestimated significantly the measured tumor absorbed dose. Finally, there was no difference of statistical significance between expected and measured tumor, whole liver and lung dose for all reconstruction times. CONCLUSION In this study we evaluated, in terms of image quality and dosimetry, whole-body PET clinical images of patients after having been treated with 90Y microspheres radioembolization for liver cancer. Compared to the 20-min standard scan, the simulated 5-min reconstructed images provided equal image peak SNR and noise behavior, while performing also similarly for post-treatment dosimetry of tumor, whole liver and lung absorbed doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos G Zeimpekis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenzo Mercolli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Conti
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Healthineers, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hasan Sari
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Rathke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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9
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Shin S, Sohn W, Chang Y, Cho Y, Kwon MJ, Wild SH, Byrne CD, Ryu S. Potential role of Fibrosis-4 score in hepatocellular carcinoma screening: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:551-561. [PMID: 38133526 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, with low survival rates worldwide. Fatty liver disease (FLD) significantly contributes to HCC. We studied the screening performance of different methods for identifying HCC in patients with FLD or with metabolic risk factors for FLD. METHODS Korean adults (n = 340 825) without a prior HCC diagnosis were categorized into four groups: normal (G1), ≥2 metabolic risk factors (G2), FLD (G3), and viral liver disease or liver cirrhosis (G4). The National Cancer Registry data were used to identify HCC cases within 12 months. We assessed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual or combined screening methods. RESULTS In 93 HCC cases, 71 were identified in G4, whereas 20 cases (21.5%) in G2 and G3 combined where ultrasound and Fibrosis-4 performed similarly to alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound. In G2, Fibrosis-4 and ultrasound had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.93 [0.87-0.99]), whereas in G3, the combined screening methods had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.98 [0.95-1.00]). The positive predictive value was lower in G2 and G3 than in G4, but was >5% when restricted to a high Fibrosis-4 score. CONCLUSIONS More than 21% of HCC cases were observed in patients with diagnosed FLD or at risk of FLD with metabolic risk factors. Nevertheless, screening for HCC in individuals without cirrhosis or viral hepatitis yielded very low results, despite the potential value of the Fibrosis-4 score in identifying individuals at high risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Liu L, Hao S, Gou S, Tang X, Zhang Y, Cai D, Xiao M, Zhang X, Zhang D, Shen J, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Deng S, Wu X, Li M, Zhang Z, Xiao Z, Du F. Potential applications of dual haptoglobin expression in the reclassification and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2024; 272:19-40. [PMID: 38815898 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
HCC is a malignancy characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional classifications of HCC primarily rely on tumor morphology, phenotype, and multicellular molecular levels, which may not accurately capture the cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. This study integrates scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to spotlight HP as a critical gene within a subgroup of HCC malignant cells. HP is highly expressed in HCC malignant cells and lowly expressed in T cells. Within malignant cells, elevated HP expression interacts with C3, promoting Th1-type responses via the C3/C3AR1 axis. In T cells, down-regulating HP expression favors the expression of Th1 cell-associated marker genes, potentially enhancing Th1-type responses. Consequently, we developed a "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set, correlating higher activity scores with improved survival rates in HCC patients. Additionally, four predictive models for neoadjuvant treatment based on HP and C3 expression were established: 1) Low HP and C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 2) High HP and low C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 3) High HP and C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration; 4) Low HP and high C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration. In conclusion, the HP gene selected from the HCC malignant cell subgroup (Malignant_Sub 6) might serve as a potential ally against the tumor by promoting Th1-type immune responses. The establishment of the "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set offers predictive insights for HCC patient survival prognosis and neoadjuvant treatment efficacy, providing directions for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuang Gou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China.
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11
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Lee JY, Bae K, Kim JH, Han HJ, Yoon HY, Yoon KA. Establishment and characterization of six canine hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392728. [PMID: 38840628 PMCID: PMC11150866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant liver tumor in dogs. Although surgical resection is a major treatment option for canine HCC, there are no distinct strategies for unresectable tumor subtypes or adjuvant chemotherapy for tumors with positive margins. We aimed to establish and characterize novel HCC cell lines from canine patients. Methods The cellular morphology, general growth features and tumorigenicity of the established cell lines were evaluated. We also examined the sensitivity of the cell lines to multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Results We established novel canine HCC cell lines from hepatic tumors and an additional kidney tumor of six canine patients. All cell lines showed colony forming and migratory ability. KU-cHCC-001 and KU-cHCC-001-Kidney, two cell lines exhibiting high epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics, showed tumorigenicity in xenografted mice. Toceranib, a veterinary TKI that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)/c-kit, effectively inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and induced apoptosis. The established canine HCC cell lines showed greater sensitivity to toceranib than to sorafenib, a first-line treatment for human HCC targeting RAF/VEGFR/PDGFR. Sorafenib showed improved anti-tumor effects when co-treated with SCH772984, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Conclusion Our study suggests new therapeutic strategies for canine HCC, and these cell lines are valuable research materials for understanding HCC tumor biology in both humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieun Bae
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Han
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Yoon
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KU Animal Cancer Center, Konkuk University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Milot L. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Assessment after Locoregional Treatment: A Primer on LI-RADS Contrast-Enhanced Nonradiation Treatment Response Assessment Version 2024. Radiology 2024; 311:e240124. [PMID: 38805731 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.240124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Milot
- From the Department of Body and VIR Radiology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
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Dawoud A, Elmasri RA, Mohamed AH, Mahmoud A, Rostom MM, Youness RA. Involvement of CircRNAs in regulating The "New Generation of Cancer Hallmarks": A Special Depiction on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104312. [PMID: 38428701 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of 'Hallmarks of Cancer' is an approach of reducing the enormous complexity of cancer to a set of guiding principles. As the underlying mechanism of cancer are portrayed, we find that we gain insight and additional aspects of the disease arise. The understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) brought a new dimension and led to the discovery of novel hallmarks such as senescent cells, non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes and unlocked phenotypic plasticity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules that are ubiquitous across all species. Recent studies on the circRNAs have highlighted their crucial function in regulating the formation of human malignancies through a range of biological processes. The primary goal of this review is to clarify the role of circRNAs in the most common form of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review also addressed the topic of how circRNAs affect HCC hallmarks, including the new generation hallmarks. Finally, the enormous applications that these rapidly expanding ncRNA molecules serve in the functional and molecular development of effective HCC diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt; School of Medicine, University of North California, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - R A Elmasri
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt
| | - A H Mohamed
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Mahmoud
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt; Biotechnology School, Nile University, Giza 12677, Egypt
| | - M M Rostom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - R A Youness
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), 11835, New Administrative Capital, Egypt.
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Sukaram T, Tansawat R, Phathong C, Rerknimitr R, Chaiteerakij R. Volatile organic compounds for diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117831. [PMID: 38378104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been shown as promising biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the performance of VOCs for diagnosing early-stage HCC in patients at-risk for HCC. METHODS VOCs were identified in exhaled breath samples collected from 87 early-stage HCC patients, 90 cirrhotic patients, and 72 HBV-infected patients using thermal desorption-gas chromatography/field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. The VOC levels were compared between the three groups. An association between VOCs and HCC was determined using logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic performance of VOCs was estimated using the AUROC and compared to serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). RESULTS The levels of acetone monomer, dimethyl sulfide, 1,4-pentadiene, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone dimer were significantly different between the three groups. After adjusting for liver function test and AFP, acetone dimer was significantly associated with HCC. Acetone dimer significantly outperformed AFP with 86.2 % vs. 61.2 % sensitivity, 87.6 % vs. 66.2 % specificity, 86.9 % vs. 63.5 % for accuracy, and AUROC of 0.908 vs. 0.665, p = 0.007, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively, for differentiating between HCC and cirrhosis. CONCLUSION Acetone showed a better performance than AFP for diagnosing early HCC in at-risk patients. Further studies to validate the utility of VOCs as an HCC surveillance tool are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanikan Sukaram
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossarin Tansawat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlada Phathong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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15
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Jia Y, Zhao J, Wang C, Meng J, Zhao L, Yang H, Zhao X. HBV DNA polymerase upregulates the transcription of PD-L1 and suppresses T cell activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:272. [PMID: 38475878 PMCID: PMC10936085 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In HBV-associated HCC, T cells often exhibit a state of functional exhaustion, which prevents the immune response from rejecting the tumor and allows HCC to progress. Moreover, polymerase-specific T cells exhibit more severe T-cell exhaustion compared to core-specific T cells. However, whether HBV DNA polymerase drives HBV-specific CD8+ T cell exhaustion in HBV-related HCC remains unclear. METHODS We constructed a Huh7 cell line stably expressing HA-HBV-DNA-Pol and applied co-culture systems to clarify its effect on immune cell function. We also examined how HBV-DNA-Pol modulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells. In addition, HBV-DNA-Pol transgenic mice were used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of HBV-DNA-Pol/PD-L1 axis-induced T cell exhaustion. RESULTS Biochemical analysis showed that Huh7 cells overexpressing HBV-DNA-Pol inhibited the proliferation, activation, and cytokine secretion of Jurkat cells and that this effect was dependent on their direct contact. A similar inhibitory effect was observed in an HCC mouse model. PD-L1 was brought to our attention during screening. Our results showed that the overexpression of HBV-DNA-Pol upregulated PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression. PD-L1 antibody blockade reversed the inhibitory effect of Huh7 cells overexpressing HBV-DNA-Pol on Jurkat cells. Mechanistically, HBV-DNA-Pol interacts with PARP1, thereby inhibiting the nuclear translocation of PARP1 and further upregulating PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HBV-DNA-Pol can act as a regulator of PD-L1 in HCC, thereby directing anti-cancer immune evasion, which further provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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16
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Kim JI, Lee J, Choi GH, Lee MW, Park DA, Yoo JJ. Comparison of Surgical Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1055-1067. [PMID: 38300416 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to examine whether the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgical resection (SR) are comparable for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) less than 3 cm in elderly individuals aged 65 years or older. METHODS We used the National Health Insurance Service claims data in Korea, which was linked with liver cancer stage data from the Central Cancer Registry of the National Cancer Center, as well as death data from the National Statistical Office. Out of the 9213 registrants, we focused on 141 patients who underwent SR and 225 patients who underwent RFA when they were 65 years or older. To ensure comparability, a 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching was conducted. RESULTS The SR group had lower performance status and better liver function compared to the RFA group. Tumor diameter was larger in the SR group than in the RFA group (2.1 cm vs. 1.7 cm), and the proportion of stage II cases was higher (62.4% vs. 33.8%). After PS matching, the mortality rate in the RFA group did not significantly differ from the SR group (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.06, P = 0.19). Also, liver related mortality was similar between the SR and RFA group after matching (log rank P = 0.13). However, recurrence free survival was significantly longer in the SR group than RFA group before and after matching (log rank P = 0.03). CONCLUSION In patients aged 65 years or older with resectable HCC, RFA demonstrates a therapeutic effect comparable to SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Il Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoun Lee
- Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA), 173 Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04554, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hong Choi
- Department of General Surgery, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samgsung Medical Cente, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ah Park
- Division of Healthcare Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA), 173 Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaruro Wonmigu, Bucheonsi, Gyeonggido, 14584, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang ZH, Du Y, Wei S, Pei W. Multilayered insights: a machine learning approach for personalized prognostic assessment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1327147. [PMID: 38486931 PMCID: PMC10937467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1327147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex malignancy, and precise prognosis assessment is vital for personalized treatment decisions. Objective This study aimed to develop a multi-level prognostic risk model for HCC, offering individualized prognosis assessment and treatment guidance. Methods By utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we performed differential gene expression analysis to identify genes associated with survival in HCC patients. The HCC Differential Gene Prognostic Model (HCC-DGPM) was developed through multivariate Cox regression. Clinical indicators were incorporated into the HCC-DGPM using Cox regression, leading to the creation of the HCC Multilevel Prognostic Model (HCC-MLPM). Immune function was evaluated using single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), and immune cell infiltration was assessed. Patient responsiveness to immunotherapy was evaluated using the Immunophenoscore (IPS). Clinical drug responsiveness was investigated using drug-related information from the TCGA database. Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and trend association tests were conducted. Results Seven differentially expressed genes from the TCGA database were used to construct the HCC-DGPM. Additionally, four clinical indicators associated with survival were identified from the SEER database for model adjustment. The adjusted HCC-MLPM showed significantly improved discriminative capacity (AUC=0.819 vs. 0.724). External validation involving 153 HCC patients from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database verified the performance of the HCC-MLPM (AUC=0.776). Significantly, the HCC-MLPM exhibited predictive capacity for patient response to immunotherapy and clinical drug efficacy (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study offers comprehensive insights into HCC prognosis and develops predictive models to enhance patient outcomes. The evaluation of immune function, immune cell infiltration, and clinical drug responsiveness enhances our comprehension and management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunxiang Du
- Department of Oncology, Huai’an 82 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Shuzhen Wei
- Department of Oncology, Huai’an 82 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Pei
- Department of Discipline Development, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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Umar Garzali I, Carr BI, İnce V, Işık B, Nur Akatlı A, Yılmaz S. Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Some Puzzling Facets. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 35:143-149. [PMID: 38454246 PMCID: PMC10895888 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2024.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma is the main type of primary liver cancer. Macroscopic vascular invasion is usually identified during imaging, whereas microvascular invasion is usually determined by histopathological evaluation. We aim to identify the association between microvascular invasion and other markers of tumor aggressiveness and to identify the role of microvascular invasion in the prognosis of patients who were treated by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single-center retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients who received liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma were included in the study. Data were collected regarding sociodemographic variables, criteria of selection for liver transplantation, pretransplant alpha-fetoprotein, presence or absence of microvascular invasion, presence or absence of recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS Sociodemographic laboratory values and radiologic tumor characteristics were found to be similar in patients with or without microvascular invasion. Our study revealed that microvascular invasion is associated with increased recurrence, decreased diseasedfree survival, and decreased overall survival, only for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria at the time of liver transplantation. CONCLUSION For patients beyond Milan criteria, but not within Milan criteria, microvascular invasion plays a significant role in predicting recurrence and shorter survival after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Umar Garzali
- Liver Transplant Institute, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Brian I. Carr
- Liver Transplant Institute, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Volkan İnce
- Liver Transplant Institute, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
- Department of Surgery, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Burak Işık
- Liver Transplant Institute, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
- Department of Surgery, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Akatlı
- Department of Pathology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sezai Yılmaz
- Liver Transplant Institute, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
- Department of Surgery, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Sobhi P, Bahrami M, Mahdizadeh F, Fazaeli A, Babaei G, Rezagholizadeh L. Vitamin D and potential effects on cancers: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:190. [PMID: 38270702 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the abnormal and uncontrollable division and growth of cells that can infiltrate tissues and alter normal physiological function, which will become crucial and life-threatening if left untreated. Cancer can be a result of genetics, such as mutations or environmental causes, including smoking, lack of physical activity, as well as nutritional imbalance in the body. Vitamin D is one of the foremost nutrients that play a crucial role in a variety of biochemical pathways, and it is an important key factor in several diseases. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for preventing malignancies and a complementary treatment for cancer through direct and indirect biochemical pathways. In this article, we summarized the correlation between vitamin D and various cancers using an extensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This paper reviews the role of vitamin D in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Sobhi
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahrami
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Faraz Mahdizadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Fazaeli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Siddiqui S, Chadha M, Shukla R, Srivastava V. Emerging trends in gastrointestinal cancers: Targeting developmental pathways in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:41-99. [PMID: 38663962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal carcinomas are a group of cancers associated with the digestive system and its accessory organs. The most prevalent cancers related to the gastrointestinal tract are colorectal, gall bladder, gastric, hepatocellular, and esophageal cancers, respectively. Molecular aberrations in different signaling pathways, such as signal transduction systems or developmental pathways are the chief triggering mechanisms in different cancers Though a massive advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions results in improved survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer; the lower malignancy stages of these carcinomas are comparatively asymptomatic. Various gastrointestinal-related cancers are detected at advanced stages, leading to deplorable prognoses and increased rates of recurrence. Recent molecular studies have elucidated the imperative roles of several signaling pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways, play in the progression, therapeutic responsiveness, and metastasis of gastrointestinal-related cancers. This book chapter gives an interesting update on recent findings on the involvement of developmental signaling pathways their mechanistic insight in gastrointestinalcancer. Subsequently, evidences supporting the exploration of gastrointestinal cancer related molecular mechanisms have also been discussed for developing novel therapeutic strategies against these debilitating carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saleha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Chadha
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Shukla
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Villalobos A, Dabbous HH, Little O, Gbolahan OB, Akce M, Lilly MA, Bercu Z, Kokabi N. Safety and Efficacy of Concurrent Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab or Nivolumab Combination Therapy with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization of Advanced Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:10100-10110. [PMID: 38132368 PMCID: PMC10742675 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90-RE) with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, consecutive advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated between 2016 and 2022 with atezolizumab/bevacizumab or nivolumab within three-months pre- and post-Y90-RE were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor response and treatment-related clinical/laboratory adverse events (AE) were assessed at 1 and 6 months, as well as differences in clinical and laboratory variables and median overall survival (OS) from initial treatment (whether it was Y90-RE or systemic therapy) between the two cohorts. A total of 19 patients (10 atezolizumab/bevacizumab; 9 nivolumab), comprising 84% males with median age 69 years, met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the atezolizumab/bevacizumab group, there were less males (100% vs. 67%; p = 0.02) and more ECOG ≥ 2 patients in the nivolumab group (0% vs. 33%; p = 0.02). Baseline characteristics or incidence of 6-month post-treatment any-grade AE (60% vs. 56%; p = 0.7), grade ≥ 3 AE (0% vs. 11%; p = 0.3), objective response (58% total, 60% vs. 56%; p = 0.7), and complete response (16% total; 10% vs. 22%; p = 0.8) were similar between the atezolizumab/bevacizumab and the nivolumab cohorts. Median OS was 12.9 months for the whole cohort, 16.4 months for nivolumab, and 10.7 months for atezolizumab/bevacizumab. Among patients with advanced unresectable HCC, the utilization of Y90-RE concurrently or within 90 days of nivolumab or atezolizumab/bevacizumab immunotherapy, appears to be well-tolerated and with a low incidence of severe AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Villalobos
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Alexander Villalobos 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Howard Hussein Dabbous
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (H.H.D.); (M.A.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Olivia Little
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA;
| | - Olumide Babajide Gbolahan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Mehmet Akce
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Meghan Allegra Lilly
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (H.H.D.); (M.A.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zachary Bercu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (H.H.D.); (M.A.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Nima Kokabi
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Alexander Villalobos 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
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Naganuma H, Ishida H. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Fibrotic Liver: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3426. [PMID: 37998562 PMCID: PMC10670297 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a non-fibrotic liver (F0) is considered to be rare, and there is a marked paucity of studies in the literature on this HCC type. A review of the literature shows some important clinical and tumor characteristics: (a) it occurs mainly in young female and elder male patients; (b) clinically, under normal hepatic function, alpha-fetoprotein level is often normal, and there are no risk factors; (c) associated with metabolic disease; (d) macroscopically, single large lesions are noted; and (e) microscopically, the lesions are well-differentiated and encapsulated. Radiological imaging results are straightforward, showing arterial hyperenhancement and later wash-out. The combined use of B-mode and contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasound (US) is the most reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. Few peri-and post-operative complications are noted and 5-year survival is not inferior to patients with HCC on fibrosis liver despite the lesion's large size. Most clinicians believe that HCC is unlikely to occur if patients have no symptoms and normal hepatic function. Although detailed clinical data are very limited, we expect that this review will help to improve the clinical management of HCC in non-fibrotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokote Municipal Hospital, Negishi-cho 5-31, Yokote City 013-8602, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Kamikitate Saruta aza Naeshirosawa 222-1, Akita City 010-1495, Japan
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23
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Wang Y, Jin Q, Zhang S, Wang Y. Overexpression of TMEM79 combined with SMG5 is related to prognosis, tumor immune infiltration and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:490. [PMID: 37936239 PMCID: PMC10631028 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy that is now relatively common worldwide. TMEM79 has been reported to play diagnostic and prognostic markers in a variety of cancers and was found to be closely associated with immune infiltration. SMG5 is associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC. Multiple nonsense-mediated mRNA processes require the involvement of SMG5. TMEM79 and SMG5 complexes may be prognostic markers for prostate cancer. However, the relationship between TMEM79 expression in HCC and prognosis, its role and mechanism of action, and its relationship with SMG5 have not been studied. This article focuses on not only the prognostic role of TMEM79 and its biological significance, including immuno-infiltration, tumor mutations and drug sensitivity, but also the interaction with SMG5 in HCC. METHODS Differential expression analysis and the multiCox proportional hazards regression analyses of TMEM79 and SMG5 were performed by multiple databases. Then, use IHC to verify our results. Subsequently, we used R software to analyze the clinical phenotype of both: analysis of clinicopathological features, enrichment analysis, analysis of immune infiltration, analysis of immune checkpoints, analysis of drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy. RESULTS Both the database studies and the results of our research group showed that TMEM79 and SMG5 were differentially expressed in HCC and normal tissues. Validation of immunohistochemistry showed that differential expression of TMEM79 and SMG5, which influenced the prognosis of patients with HCC, could be an independent prognostic factor. Results of the TCGA database study showed that TMEM79 and SMG5 were correlated with immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy. We typed TMEM79-related molecules in HCC according to R software. Two types of TMEM79 correlated with clinical features, survival of patients with HCC, and immune infiltration. CONCLUSION TMEM79 are highly expressed in HCC and play an important role in the prognosis of patients with HCC. TMEM79 and SMG5 are positively correlated and may both associated with immune infiltration, and closely linked to immune checkpoints, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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24
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Sun B, Ji WD, Wang WC, Chen L, Ma JY, Tang EJ, Lin MB, Zhang XF. Circulating tumor cells participate in the formation of microvascular invasion and impact on clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1265866. [PMID: 38028589 PMCID: PMC10652898 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1265866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Although the treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the long-term prognosis of HCC is far from satisfactory mainly due to high postoperative recurrence and metastasis rate. Vascular tumor thrombus, including microvascular invasion (MVI) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), affects the outcome of hepatectomy and liver transplantation. If vascular invasion could be found preoperatively, especially the risk of MVI, more reasonable surgical selection will be chosen to reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. However, there is a lack of reliable prediction methods, and the formation mechanism of MVI/PVTT is still unclear. At present, there is no study to explore the possibility of tumor thrombus formation from a single circulating tumor cell (CTC) of HCC, nor any related study to describe the possible leading role and molecular mechanism of HCC CTCs as an important component of MVI/PVTT. In this study, we review the current understanding of MVI and possible mechanisms, discuss the function of CTCs in the formation of MVI and interaction with immune cells in the circulation. In conclusion, we discuss implications for potential therapeutic targets and the prospect of clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yong Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Jiang Tang
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Bin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Cathomas M, Mueller F, Mertineit N, Baumgartner I, Candinas D, Berzigotti A, Maurer MH, Lachenmayer A. Comparison of transarterial bland embolization and drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization for very early and early hepatocellular carcinoma not amenable for surgery or ablation: a single center retrospective data analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2167-2177. [PMID: 37969817 PMCID: PMC10643597 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the accepted therapy for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although recent data suggests that bland transarterial embolization (TAE) is equally effective in intermediate HCC, not much is known about the efficacy in very early and early HCC not amenable for ablation or resection. We aimed to compare the outcome of patients with very early and early HCC treated by drug-eluting beads TACE (DEB-TACE), a specific technique of TACE using DC beads, and TAE using microparticles with a size of 100 µm up to 700 µm. Methods Clinical data of totally 95 patients with very early and early HCC not amenable for surgery or ablation, treated between 2009 and 2019 at the Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Interventions, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, were retrospectively analyzed (52 patients in DEB-TACE and 42 patients in TAE group, respectively). All images were assessed using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were local response rate and time to local progression. Results Most patients presented with Child-Pugh A. Thrombocytes were significantly lower in patients treated by TAE. Minor side effects occurred equally in both groups. No differences were detected in terms of OS, local tumor recurrence and response rate. Conclusions Compared with DEB-TACE, TAE is an equally effective and save therapy for very early and early HCC not amenable for resection or ablation without differences in local tumor control and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marionna Cathomas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Flavian Mueller
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nando Mertineit
- Department of Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- Department of Angiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Berzigotti
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Maurer
- Department of Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anja Lachenmayer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lei C, Gao Z, Lv X, Zhu Y, Li R, Li S. Saikosaponin-b2 Inhibits Primary Liver Cancer by Regulating the STK4/IRAK1/NF-κB Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2859. [PMID: 37893233 PMCID: PMC10604266 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of primary liver cancer (PLC) is associated with chronic liver inflammation and the loss of associated tumor suppressor genes, which characterizes inflammation-related tumors. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of saikosaponin-b2 (SS-b2) on the development of PLC and its effect of the STK4 expression and IRAK1/NF-κB signaling axis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SS-b2 exerted potent anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. A PLC model was induced in vivo by treating male BALB/c mice with diethylnitrosamine, while an inflammatory model was induced in vitro by exposing RAW 264.7 macrophages to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). After treating cancer mice with SS-b2, the serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly reduced. Ki67 expression also decreased. The carcinomatous lesions of the liver were attenuated. Similar results were observed in liver tissue and RAW 264.7 macrophages, where SS-b2 significantly elevated serine/threonine protein kinase 4 (STK4) expression and decreased the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and downstream inflammatory cytokines, thus exerting anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, we employed siRNA to silence the STK4 expression in HepG2 to investigate the anti-tumor effect of SS-b2 in vitro. The STK4 knockdown would upregulate IRAK1 and thus the activation of NF-κB activity revealed by the increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, consequently impairing SS-b2-induced inhibition of liver cancer development. Consequently, SS-b2 effectively inhibited PLC by upregulating STK4 to suppress the IRAK1/NF-κB signaling axis and is a promising agent for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruifang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, KaiYuan Avenue 263, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.L.); (Z.G.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sanqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, KaiYuan Avenue 263, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.L.); (Z.G.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Al-Walah MA, Donnelly M, Cunningham C, Heron N. Which behaviour change techniques are associated with interventions that increase physical activity in pre-school children? A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2013. [PMID: 37845721 PMCID: PMC10580560 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a significant risk factor that contributes to several health problems and there is a need to improve our understanding of how to increase PA, particularly among young children. This review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022328841) investigated the relationship between behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and interventions that increased PA among pre-school children aged < 6 years old. METHODS Systematic searches of six databases were undertaken from inception to July 2022, updated in December 2022, to locate studies that evaluated interventions and reported a positive change in PA levels in children aged < 6 years old. RESULTS A total of 5,304 studies were screened, and 28 studies involving 10,605 subjects aged 2.5 to 5.9 years met the eligibility criteria. Each eligible study (n = 28) was independently appraised by two researchers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The BCT Taxonomy v1 and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guided the extraction and analysis of data, and this process led to the identification of 27 BCTs. CONCLUSIONS Potentially promising BCTs for increasing PA among young children included 'shaping knowledge,' 'antecedents,' 'goals and planning,' and 'comparison of behaviour.' Future PA interventions that target young children should consider integrating these promising BCTs into their programmes. However, such consideration needs to be tempered by the fact that most of the reviewed studies were deemed to have a high or unclear risk of bias and/or were limited with respect to the populations that they targeted. Further research using rigorous methodologies is required to establish a higher standard that addresses the needs of young children who are expected to have insufficient levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfer A Al-Walah
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Conor Cunningham
- School of Health Science, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, England, UK
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28
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Chen X, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Zhao P, Zhou Z, Wang F, Zhong F, Du H. CircUSP10 promotes liver cancer progression by regulating miR-211-5p/TCF12/EMT signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20649. [PMID: 37829805 PMCID: PMC10565698 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no precise diagnosis or prognosis for liver cancer (LC) using a single biomarker. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of different cancers, but their role in LC is not entirely understood. In this study, circUSP10, an aberrantly expressed circRNA in LC, was screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and its tissue-specific expression was verified using qRT-PCR. In vitro, functional assays and nude mouse tumorigenesis models were used to investigate circUSP10 role in LC. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to study the mechanistic relationship between circUSP10, miR-211-5p, and transcription factor 12 (TCF12). We found that circUSP10 expression was upregulated in LC tissues and cells. CircUSP10 expression was linked to tumor size and tumor node metastasis stage and negatively correlated with LC prognosis. In vitro assays confirmed circUSP10-mediated proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells and their association with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Mechanistically, circUSP10 adsorbed miR-211-5p, which regulated TCF12 and promoted tumorigenesis via the EMT signaling pathway. Therefore, our results suggest that circUSP10 may promote LC progression by modulating the miR-211-5p/TCF12/EMT signaling cascade and may serve as a potential biomarker for LC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fengyun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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29
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Matsuoka T, Fujikawa T, Uemoto Y, Aibe Y, Hasegawa S. Conversion to Curative Resection and Pathological Complete Response Following Targeted Therapies With Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab for Initially Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e45176. [PMID: 37842353 PMCID: PMC10575677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide and is one of the most serious cancers in adults. We encountered a case of initially unresectable massive hepatocellular carcinoma in which conversion to curative resection and pathological complete response were achieved after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination chemotherapy may be one of the most promising options for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuki Aibe
- Gastroenterology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, JPN
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
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Alawyia B, Constantinou C. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Narrative Review on Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:711-724. [PMID: 37103744 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and its associated mortality rate is expected to rise within the next decade. The incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma varies significantly across countries and the latter can be attributed to the differences in risk factors that are prevalent across different countries. Some of the risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma include hepatitis B and C infections, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, the end result is liver fibrosis and cirrhosis that ultimately progress into carcinoma. The treatment and management of hepatocellular carcinoma is complicated by treatment resistance and high tumor recurrence rates. Early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma are treated with liver resection and other forms of surgical therapy. Advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma can be treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and the use of oncolytic viruses and these treatment options can be combined with nanotechnology to improve efficacy and reduce side effects. Moreover, chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be combined to further improve treatment efficacy and overcome resistance. Despite the treatment options available, the high mortality rates provide evidence that current treatment options for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma are not achieving the desired therapeutic goals. Various clinical trials are ongoing to improve treatment efficacy, reduce recurrence rates, and ultimately prolong survival. This narrative review aims to provide an update on our current knowledge and future direction of research on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Alawyia
- University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantina Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, P.O. Box 24005, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Song L, Xu R, Cai W, Liang J, Cao N, Gao J, Tang X. IL-6 upregulates the expression of IL-6R through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway to promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13271. [PMID: 38441314 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves multifactor, multistep interactions. High expression of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours, but the regulatory mechanism of IL-6R expression and its function in HCC have not been fully defined. Western blot was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of key kinases in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the protein expression levels of related proliferation molecules, migration molecules and apoptotic molecules. The antiapoptosis, migration and proliferation of cells of each group were analysed with JC-1 to judge the cell apoptosis rate, the EdU method to determine the proliferation vitality of the cells, clone formation experiments and Transwell experiments. High expression of IL-6R in cell lines, lower protein levels of the apoptotic molecules c-Caspase7 and c-Caspase3 and higher protein levels of the proliferative molecules p-P70S6K and migration molecules MMP9 and MMP2 were consistent with stronger antiapoptosis, proliferation and migration. Interestingly, IL-6 upregulated the expression of IL-6R by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Also, the expression of IL-6R protein was downregulated after lentivirus knockdown of STAT3. In nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumours, upregulation of IL-6R expression after activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway by IL-6 significantly increased tumour growth. Moreover, the expression of IL-6R protein was downregulated, and the terminal tumour volume was significantly downregulated in the lentiviral STAT3 knockdown group. IL-6 regulated the transcription of IL-6R through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Wenpeng Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Niandie Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jiafeng Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
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Zhao H, Zhao L, Wu L, Hu S, Huang Y, Zhao W. Hydrogen sulfide suppresses H 2O 2-induced proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2023; 40:214. [PMID: 37380909 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Both H2S and H2O2 affect many cellular events, such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation and cell death. However, there is some controversy about the roles of H2S and H2O2, since the detailed mechanisms they are involved remain unclear. In this study, low concentration of H2O2 (40 μM) increased the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2, while both H2S and high concentration of H2O2 decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Wound healing assay indicated that 40 μM H2O2 promoted migration of HepG2 cells, which was suppressed by exogenous H2S. Further analysis revealed that administration of exogenous H2S and H2O2 changed the redox status of Wnt3a in HepG2 cells. Altered expression of proteins including Cyclin D1, TCF-4, and MMP7, which are downstream of the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway, were found after treatment with exogenous H2S and H2O2. Compared with H2S, low concentration of H2O2 showed opposite effects on these protein expression levels in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that H2S suppressed H2O2-induced proliferation and migration of HepG2 through regulating Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yangmei Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
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Abid F, Khan K, Badshah Y, Ashraf NM, Shabbir M, Hamid A, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Razak S. Non-synonymous SNPs variants of PRKCG and its association with oncogenes predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:123. [PMID: 37344815 PMCID: PMC10286404 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRKCG encodes PKC γ, which is categorized under the classical protein kinase C family. No studies have specifically established the relationship between PRKCG nsSNPs with structural and functional variations in PKC γ in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aims to uncover this link through in-silico and experimental studies. METHODS The 3D structure of PKC γ was predicted. Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulations were run and estimates were made for interactions, stability, conservation and post-translational alterations between wild and mutant structures. The association of PRKCG levels with HCC survival rate was determined. Genotyping analyses were conducted to investigate the deleterious PRKCG nsSNP association with HCC. mRNA expression of PKC γ, HIF-1 alpha, AKT, SOCS3 and VEGF in the blood of controls and HCC patients was analyzed and a genetic cascade was constructed depicting these interactions. RESULTS The expression level of studied oncogenes was compared to tumour suppressor genes. Through Alphafold, the 3D structure of PKC γ was explored. Fifteen SNPs were narrowed down for in-silico analyses that were identified in exons 5, 10 and 18 and the regulatory and kinase domain of PKC γ. Root mean square deviation and fluctuation along with the radius of gyration unveiled potential changes between the wild and mutated variant structures. Mutant genotype AA (homozygous) corresponding to nsSNP, rs386134171 had more frequency in patients with OR (2.446), RR (1.564) and P-values (< 0.0029) that highlights its significant association with HCC compared to controls in which the wild genotype GG was found more prevalent. CONCLUSION nsSNP rs386134171 can be a genetic marker for HCC diagnosis and therapeutic studies. This study has laid down a road map for future studies to be conducted on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizzah Abid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Badshah
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44010, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Hamid
- LIMES Institute (AG-Netea), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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De Re V, Tornesello ML, Racanelli V, Prete M, Steffan A. Non-Classical HLA Class 1b and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1672. [PMID: 37371767 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies are underway to gain a better understanding of the role of immunity in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and to identify subgroups of individuals who may benefit the most from systemic therapy according to the etiology of their tumor. Human leukocyte antigens play a key role in antigen presentation to T cells. This is fundamental to the host's defense against pathogens and tumor cells. In addition, HLA-specific interactions with innate lymphoid cell receptors, such those present on natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cell type 2, have been shown to be important activators of immune function in the context of several liver diseases. More recent studies have highlighted the key role of members of the non-classical HLA-Ib and the transcript adjacent to the HLA-F locus, FAT10, in hepatocarcinoma. The present review analyzes the major contribution of these molecules to hepatic viral infection and hepatocellular prognosis. Particular attention has been paid to the association of natural killer and Vδ2 T-cell activation, mediated by specific HLA class Ib molecules, with risk assessment and novel treatment strategies to improve immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Bin X, Luo Y, Sun Z, Lin C, Huang P, Tu Z, Li L, Qu C, Long J, Zhou S. The Role of H2-Calponin Antigen in Cancer Metastasis: Presence of Autoantibodies in Liver Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9864. [PMID: 37373013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential of H2-calponin (CNN2) as a serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study employed the serological analysis of recombinantly expressed cDNA clone (SEREX) technique to identify the presence of CNN2 antibody in the serum of patients with HCC and other tumors. The CNN2 protein was produced through genetic engineering and used as an antigen to determine the positive rate of serum CNN2 autoantibodies via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of CNN2 in cells and tissues were evaluated using RT-PCR, in situ RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry methods. The HCC group exhibited a significantly higher positive rate of anti-CNN2 antibody (54.8%) compared to gastric cancer (6.5%), lung cancer (3.2%), rectal cancer (9.7%), hepatitis (3.2%), liver cirrhosis (3.2%), and normal tissues (3.1%). The positive rates of CNN2 mRNA in HCC with metastasis, non-metastatic HCC, lung cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis were 56.67%, 41.67%, 17.5%, 10.0%, 20.0%, 53.13%, and 41.67%, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of CNN2 protein were 63.33%, 37.5%, 17.5%, 27.5%, 45%, 31.25%, and 20.83%, respectively. The down-regulation of CNN2 could inhibit the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. CNN2 is a newly identified HCC-associated antigen that is implicated in the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells, making it a promising target for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zefeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chaoqun Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cong Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiamin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Project for Early Prevention and Treatment of Regional High-Risk Tumors & Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Tian H, Xie Y, Wang Z. Radiomics for preoperative prediction of early recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114983. [PMID: 37350952 PMCID: PMC10282764 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Early recurrence (ER) affects the long-term survival prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many previous studies have utilized CT/MRI-based radiomics to predict ER after radical treatment, achieving high predictive value. However, the diagnostic performance of radiomics for the preoperative identification of ER remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the predictive performance of radiomics for ER in HCC. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (including MEDLINE), EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies that utilized radiomics methods to assess ER in HCC. Data were extracted and quality assessed for retrieved studies. Statistical analyses included pooled data, tests for heterogeneity, and publication bias. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. Results The analysis included fifteen studies involving 3,281 patients focusing on preoperative CT/MRI-based radiomics for the prediction of ER in HCC. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic were 75% (95% CI: 65-82), 78% (95% CI: 68-85), and 83% (95% CI: 79-86), respectively. The combined positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic score, and diagnostic odds ratio were 3.35 (95% CI: 2.41-4.65), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.25-0.43), 2.33 (95% CI: 1.91-2.75), and 10.29 (95% CI: 6.79-15.61), respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I²=99%; 95% CI: 99-100). Meta-regression showed imaging equipment contributed to the heterogeneity of specificity in subgroup analysis (P= 0.03). Conclusion Preoperative CT/MRI-based radiomics appears to be a promising and non-invasive predictive approach with moderate ER recognition performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tian
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fa A, Danos DM, Maniscalco L, Yi Y, Wu XC, Maluccio MA, Chu QD, Lyons JM. Is There Really a Difference in Outcomes between Men and Women with Hepatocellular Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112892. [PMID: 37296854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a male-dominated disease. Currently, gender differences remain incompletely defined. Data from the state tumor registry were used to investigate differences in demographics, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and cancer-specific survival (HSS) among HCC patients according to gender. Additional analyses were performed to evaluate racial differences among women with HCC. 2627 patients with HCC were included; 498 (19%) were women. Women were mostly white (58%) or African American (39%)-only 3.8% were of another or unknown race. Women were older (65.1 vs. 61.3 years), more obese (33.7% vs. 24.2%), and diagnosed at an earlier stage (31.7% vs. 28.4%) than men. Women had a lower incidence of liver associated comorbidities (36.1% vs. 43%), and more often underwent liver-directed surgery (LDS; 27.5% vs. 22%). When controlling for LDS, no survival differences were observed between genders. African American women had similar HSS rates compared to white women (HR 1.14 (0.91,1.41), p = 0.239) despite having different residential and treatment geographical distributions. African American race and age >65 were predictive for worse HSS in men, but not in women. Overall, women with HCC undergo more treatment options-likely because of the earlier stage of the cancer and/or less severe underlying liver disease. However, when controlling for similar stages and treatments, HCC treatment outcomes were similar between men and women. African American race did not appear to influence outcomes among women with HCC as it did in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fa
- School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Denise M Danos
- School of Public Health, LSU Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lauren Maniscalco
- Louisiana Tumor Registry, School of Public Health, LSU Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yong Yi
- Louisiana Tumor Registry, School of Public Health, LSU Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiao-Cheng Wu
- Louisiana Tumor Registry, School of Public Health, LSU Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mary A Maluccio
- School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Quyen D Chu
- Orlando Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - John M Lyons
- School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Allegra A, Murdaca G, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051325. [PMID: 37238995 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Krizanac M, Mass Sanchez PB, Schröder SK, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. Lipid-Independent Regulation of PLIN5 via IL-6 through the JAK/STAT3 Axis in Hep3B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087219. [PMID: 37108378 PMCID: PMC10138877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid droplet coat protein that is highly expressed in oxidative tissues such as those of muscles, the heart and the liver. PLIN5 expression is regulated by a family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and modulated by the cellular lipid status. So far, research has focused on the role of PLIN5 in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and specifically in lipid droplet formation and lipolysis, where PLIN5 serves as a regulator of lipid metabolism. In addition, there are only limited studies connecting PLIN5 to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where PLIN5 expression is proven to be upregulated in hepatic tissue. Considering that HCC development is highly driven by cytokines present throughout NAFLD development and in the tumor microenvironment, we here explore the possible regulation of PLIN5 by cytokines known to be involved in HCC and NAFLD progression. We demonstrate that PLIN5 expression is strongly induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Hep3B cells. Moreover, IL-6-dependent PLIN5 upregulation is mediated by the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which can be blocked by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, IL-6-mediated PLIN5 upregulation changes when IL-6 trans-signaling is stimulated through the addition of soluble IL-6R. In sum, this study sheds light on lipid-independent regulation of PLIN5 expression in the liver, making PLIN5 a crucial target for NAFLD-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Krizanac
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paola Berenice Mass Sanchez
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah K Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Wei X, Zeng Y, Meng F, Wang T, Wang H, Yuan Y, Li D, Zhao Y. Calycosin-7-glucoside promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting thioredoxin 1 to regulate oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 374:110411. [PMID: 36812960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin1 (TRX1) is a key protein that regulates redox and is considered to be a key target for cancer therapy. Flavonoids have been proven to have good antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the flavonoid calycosin-7-glucoside (CG) exerts an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) role by targeting TRX1. Different doses of CG were used to treat HCC cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 to calculate the IC50. On this basis, the effects of low, medium and high doses of CG on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and TRX1 expression of HCC cells were investigated in vitro. Also, HepG2 xenograft mice were used to evaluate the role of CG on HCC growth in vivo. The binding mode of CG and TRX1 was explored by molecular docking. Then si-TRX1 was used to further discover the effects of TRX1 on CG inhibition of HCC. Results found that CG dose-dependent decreased the proliferation activity of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells, induced apoptosis, significantly activated oxidative stress and inhibited TRX1 expression. In vivo experiments also showed that CG dose-dependent regulated oxidative stress and TRX1 expression, and promoted the expression of apoptotic proteins to inhibit HCC growth. Molecular docking confirmed that CG had a good binding effect with TRX1. Intervention with TRX1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, promoted apoptosis, and further promoted the effect of CG on the activity of HCC cells. In addition, CG significantly increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3, and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. And si-TRX1 enhanced the effects of CG on mitochondrial function and apoptosis of HCC, suggesting that TRX1 participated in the inhibitory effect of CG on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of HCC. In conclusion, CG exerts anti-HCC activity by targeting TRX1 to regulate oxidative stress and promote mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wei
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China.
| | - Yanping Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingpu Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
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Lalisang AN, Zacharia NJ, Jamtani I, Marbun VM, Jeo WS, Lalisang TJM. Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma masquerading as a giant GIST: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 105:108102. [PMID: 37028187 PMCID: PMC10106485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in Indonesia and is well-known as a silent killer disease due to its mortality rate among males. Furthermore, a pedunculated HCC (P-HCC) is a rare subtype challenging to diagnose when presented as an extrahepatic mass. CASE PRESENTATION A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal pain with a palpable mass in the left upper abdomen after being referred from secondary health care. The laboratory results revealed values within normal ranges, except for reactive anti-HCV and anemia, with no evidence of liver abnormalities. CT scan detected a solid mass with a necrotic center and calcified component in the upper left hemiabdomen originating from the submucosa of the greater curvature of the stomach, which were suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). It was approximately 12.9 × 10.9 × 18.6 cm sized, multilobulated, well-defined, and infiltrating the splenic vein. CLINICAL DISCUSSION We did a laparotomy and resections consist of distal gastrectomy, liver metastasectomy (segment 2-3), distal pancreatectomy, and splenectomy. Our operative findings were still suggestive of neoplasm of the stomach, most likely a GIST. However, our histological examination revealed a moderate-poorly differentiated liver cell carcinoma, confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis. He was discharged on the seventh day after the operation without any complications. CONCLUSION This case illustrates challenges in diagnosing and treating a rare pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Huang D, Dong X, Li J, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Sun Y. Steroidal saponin SSPH I induces ferroptosis in HepG2 cells via regulating iron metabolism. Med Oncol 2023; 40:132. [PMID: 36977862 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of solid liver carcinoma. Regulating ferroptosis is important for the treatment of HCC. SSPH I is an anti-HCC steroidal saponin isolated from Schizocapsa plantaginea Hance. In this study, we found that SSPH I exerted significant anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects on HepG2 cell, ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 or iron chelator ciclopirox partly attenuated the effect of SSPH I. SSPH I also induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. ROS accumulation, glutathione depletion and malondialdehyde accumulation were detected after SSPH I treatment, which leads to lipid peroxidation. Ferrostatin-1 or ciclopirox showed a significant antagonist effect towards SSPH I induced lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, typical morphologic changes of ferroptosis, such as increasing density of mitochondrial membrane and reduction of mitochondrial cristae were observed in HepG2 cells after SSPH I treatment. SSPH I does not regulate the xCT protein. Interestingly, SSPH I elevated the expression levels of SLC7A5, which is the negative regulator of ferroptosis. In contrast, SSPH I upregulated the expression of TFR and Fpn proteins, leading to the accumulation of Fe2+. Ferrostatin-1 and ciclopirox presented a similar antagonist effect on SSPH I. In conclusion, our research first reveals that SSPH I induced ferroptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, our results suggest that SSPH I induces ferroptosis by causing iron overload in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianzhe Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yudan Chen
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yuewen Sun
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
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Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1407-1424. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly found in the context of liver cirrhosis and, in rare cases, in a healthy liver. Its prevalence has risen in recent years, particularly in Western nations, due to the increasing frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advanced HCC has a poor prognosis. For many years, the only proven therapy for unresectable HCC (uHCC) was sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recently, the synergistic effect of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab outperformed sorafenib alone in terms of survival, making it the recommended first-line therapy. Other multikinase inhibitors, lenvatinib and regorafenib, were also recommended as first and second-line drugs, respectively. Intermediate-stage HCC patients with retained liver function, particularly uHCC without extrahepatic metastasis, may benefit from trans-arterial chemoembolization. The current problem in uHCC is selecting a patient for the best treatment while considering the preexisting liver condition and liver function. Indeed, all study patients had a Child-Pugh class A, and the best therapy for other individuals is unknown. Additionally, in the absence of a medical contraindication, atezolizumab could be combined with bevacizumab for uHCC systemic therapy. Several studies are now underway to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs, and the first findings are encouraging. The paradigm of uHCC therapy is changing dramatically, and many obstacles remain for optimum patient management in the near future. The purpose of this commentary review was to give an insight into current systemic treatment options for patients with uHCC who are not candidates for surgery to cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - PathompThep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1551-1568. [PMID: 36970588 PMCID: PMC10037251 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly found in the context of liver cirrhosis and, in rare cases, in a healthy liver. Its prevalence has risen in recent years, particularly in Western nations, due to the increasing frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advanced HCC has a poor prognosis. For many years, the only proven therapy for unresectable HCC (uHCC) was sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recently, the synergistic effect of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab outperformed sorafenib alone in terms of survival, making it the recommended first-line therapy. Other multikinase inhibitors, lenvatinib and regorafenib, were also recommended as first and second-line drugs, respectively. Intermediate-stage HCC patients with retained liver function, particularly uHCC without extrahepatic metastasis, may benefit from trans-arterial chemoembolization. The current problem in uHCC is selecting a patient for the best treatment while considering the preexisting liver condition and liver function. Indeed, all study patients had a Child-Pugh class A, and the best therapy for other individuals is unknown. Additionally, in the absence of a medical contraindication, atezolizumab could be combined with bevacizumab for uHCC systemic therapy. Several studies are now underway to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs, and the first findings are encouraging. The paradigm of uHCC therapy is changing dramatically, and many obstacles remain for optimum patient management in the near future. The purpose of this commentary review was to give an insight into current systemic treatment options for patients with uHCC who are not candidates for surgery to cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - PathompThep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Ali AAK, Gamal SE, Anwar R, Elzahaf E, Eskandere D. Assessment of clinico-epidemiological profile of Hepatocellular carcinoma in the last two decades. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-023-00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents 85%—90% of primary liver tumors; it represents the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death all over the world. There is a growing incidence of HCC worldwide and similarly, the incidence of HCC has almost doubled over the last decade in Egypt.
Aim of the work
To assess clinico-epidemiological character of HCC in the last two decades and to compare between the first and second decade regarding these characters.
Patients and methods
This retrospective study included 497 HCC patients’ data collected from Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department from 1999 to 2019, HCC patients were classified into 1st decade (from 1999 to 2009) and 2nd decade (2010 – 2019). Diagnosis of HCC was based on clinical, laboratory, (AFP), and radiological examinations (The abdominal US and triphasic CT scan).
Results
The study revealed that the average age of HCC cases was 57 years, the majority of these were males (88%), residents in rural areas (70%), about one-fourth of them, were smokers (26.4%), DM was present in 14% of these while only 7% were hypertension. Thirty presents (30%) of them were represented by ascites and (20%) by hepatic encephalopathy of different grades. The majority of HCC patients (92.2%) have HCV Abs positive. HBS Ag was positive in 2.4% while mixed infection (HCV Abs + ve and HBS Ag + ve) was in 2% of patients only. The median level of AFP was 300 ng/ml.
The severity of underlying chronic liver disease was assessed by the Child–Pugh score the mean score was 7.5 (from 6–11) and the MELD score (the mean score was 18.8 (from 6–29).
Regarding tumor characteristics, HCC mass was located in the Right lobe of the liver in (63.8%), in the left lobe in (26.6%) and both lobes were affected in 9.6%. A single focal hepatic lesion was detected in about 60% of patients, 3 focal lesions in about 20%, and two focal lesions or multifocal HCC in the remaining percent. The median size of the largest tumor’s diameter was 5 cm by the US and 5.3 cm by the triphasic CT. PVT, vascular invasion, LN, and distant metastasis were detected in (35.6%), (40%), (40%) and (54%) of patients respectively. In less than one-third of HCC cases, the tumors were within Milan criteria (30%).
Conclusion
The 1st decade showed a significantly higher frequency of patients presented with marked splenomegaly and splenectomy, while the second decade showed a significantly higher frequency in patients who reside in rural areas. Higher frequency of DM, advanced hepatic encephalopathy grade III/ IV, and unfortunately more aggressive tumors with PVT, vascular invasion, LN metastasis, and distant metastasis were detected in the 2nd decade.
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Chen JL, Chen YS, Ker CG. Network meta-analysis of the prognosis of curative treatment strategies for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:258-272. [PMID: 36896302 PMCID: PMC9988642 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i2.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) is a common outcome after curative treatment. Retreatment for rHCC is recommended, but no guidelines exist.
AIM To compare curative treatments such as repeated hepatectomy (RH), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and liver transplantation (LT) for patients with rHCC after primary hepatectomy by conducting a network meta-analysis (NMA).
METHODS From 2011 to 2021, 30 articles involving patients with rHCC after primary liver resection were retrieved for this NMA. The Q test was used to assess heterogeneity among studies, and Egger’s test was used to assess publication bias. The efficacy of rHCC treatment was assessed using disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS From 30 articles, a total of 17, 11, 8, and 12 arms of RH, RFA, TACE, and LT subgroups were collected for analysis. Forest plot analysis revealed that the LT subgroup had a better cumulative DFS and 1-year OS than the RH subgroup, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.96 (95%CI: 0.31-2.96). However, the RH subgroup had a better 3-year and 5-year OS compared to the LT, RFA, and TACE subgroups. Hierarchic step diagram of different subgroups measured by the Wald test yielded the same results as the forest plot analysis. LT had a better 1-year OS (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.34-03.20), and LT was inferior to RH in 3-year OS (OR: 10.61, 95%CI: 0.21-1.73) and 5-year OS (OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.39-2.34). According to the predictive P score evaluation, the LT subgroup had a better DFS, and RH had the best OS. However, meta-regression analysis revealed that LT had a better DFS (P < 0.001) as well as 3-year OS (P = 0.881) and 5-year OS (P = 0.188). The differences in superiority between DFS and OS were due to the different testing methods used.
CONCLUSION According to this NMA, RH and LT had better DFS and OS for rHCC than RFA and TACE. However, treatment strategies should be determined by the recurrent tumor characteristics, the patient’s general health status, and the care program at each institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Lung Chen
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Sen Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Guo Ker
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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Combining HAIC and Sorafenib as a Salvage Treatment for Patients with Treatment-Failed or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051887. [PMID: 36902673 PMCID: PMC10003950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been proven to be an effective treatment for advanced HCC. In this study, we present our single-center experience of implementing combined sorafenib and HAIC treatment for these patients and compare the treatment benefit with that of sorafenib alone. METHODS This was a retrospective single-center study. Our study included 71 patients who started taking sorafenib between 2019 and 2020 at Changhua Christian Hospital in order to treat advanced HCC or as a salvage treatment after the failure of a previous treatment for HCC. Of these patients, 40 received combined HAIC and sorafenib treatment. The efficacy of sorafenib alone or in combination with HAIC was measured in regard to overall survival and progression-free survival. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall survival and progression-free survival. RESULTS HAIC combined with sorafenib treatment and sorafenib alone resulted in different outcomes. The combination treatment resulted in a better image response and objective response rate. Moreover, among the patients aged under 65 years old and male patients, the combination therapy resulted in a better progression-free survival than sorafenib alone. A tumor size ≥ 3 cm, AFP > 400, and ascites were associated with a poor progression-free survival among young patients. However, the overall survival of these two groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Combined HAIC and sorafenib treatment showed a treatment effect equivalent to that of sorafenib alone as a salvage treatment modality used to treat patients with advanced HCC or with experience of a previously failed treatment.
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Nazir NU, Abbas SR. Identification of phenol 2,2-methylene bis, 6 [1,1-D] as breath biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and its electrochemical sensing: E-nose biosensor for HCC. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1242:340752. [PMID: 36657885 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to WHO, Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) was the second leading cause of death in 2019 and is gradually increasing. The lipid peroxidation mechanism in cancer cells causes the emission of VOCs in the breath. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath are becoming favorable biomarkers, especially for cancers, for their sample retrieval and specific association with early metabolic changes. Since both diagnosis and prognosis of the disease depend on the quantity and kind of circulatory biomarkers to be detected, sensitive and selective biosensors with the possibility for portability are constantly in demand. RESULTS In this study, breath samples of HCC patients were screened for identification of VOCs via GCMS and later verified by applying unsupervised machine learning models. Phenol 2,2 methylene bis [6-(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl] (MBMBP) was found to be significant VOC in the breath of HCC patients, with a minimum concentration of 2100 ppm. Thiol-modified AuNPs were synthesized, as we reported earlier, and immobilized on the working electrode surface to electrochemically sense MBMBP in purified form and later from clinical breath samples. During the electrochemical experiment of AuNPs with MPMBP, the analyte gets electro-oxidized, whereas the Au (III) ions get reduced to the phenoxy radical's species. The electrochemical analysis of MBMBP detection using hexane thiol AuNPs showed a LOD of 0.005 molL 1. The thiolated AuNPs-based biosensor for HCC diagnosis via VOC detection confirmed MPMBP in lab standards and raw clinical breath samples of HCC patients. SIGNIFICANCE This study reveals that GCE modified with hexanethiol AuNPs for the adsorption of significant breath biomarker, is a potential platform for the development of e-nose sensor for the detection of HCC at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ua Nazir
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shah R Abbas
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Zhou M, Zhu S, Xu C, Liu B, Shen J. A phase Ib/II study of BLU-554, a fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 inhibitor in combination with CS1001, an anti-PD-L1, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:162-167. [PMID: 36763233 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy has become the main treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This trial assessed the safety and efficacy of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 inhibitor (BLU-554) in combination with the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (CS1001) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This Phase Ib/II trial enrolled patients with locally advanced or metastatic HCC who were FGF19-positive. The patients were intravenously administered with CS1001 (1200 mg) every three weeks and orally administered with BLU-554 (600 mg) daily. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), as assessed according to RECISTv1.1. RESULTS Four patients were treated with BLU-554 combined with CS1001. The trial revealed a 50% ORR and 100% DCR. The main adverse reactions that were attributed to BLU-554 in combination with CS1001 were diarrhoea, liver function impairments and skin rashes. Only one patient had immune-related adverse reactions. CONCLUSION Preliminary data showed that BLU-554 in combination with CS1001 is safe and effective for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihui Zhu
- International Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- International Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
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Akl MG, Widenmaier SB. Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1089124. [PMID: 36712976 PMCID: PMC9877434 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1089124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern that is promoted by obesity and associated liver complications. Onset and progression of HCC in obesity is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between the metabolic and immune system, in which chronic liver damage resulting from metabolic and inflammatory insults trigger carcinogenesis-promoting gene mutations and tumor metabolism. Moreover, cell growth and proliferation of the cancerous cell, after initiation, requires interactions between various immunological and metabolic pathways that provide stress defense of the cancer cell as well as strategic cell death escape mechanisms. The heterogenic nature of HCC in addition to the various metabolic risk factors underlying HCC development have led researchers to focus on examining metabolic pathways that may contribute to HCC development. In obesity-linked HCC, oncogene-induced modifications and metabolic pathways have been identified to support anabolic demands of the growing HCC cells and combat the concomitant cell stress, coinciding with altered utilization of signaling pathways and metabolic fuels involved in glucose metabolism, macromolecule synthesis, stress defense, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss metabolic insults that can underlie the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis and from steatohepatitis to HCC as well as aberrantly regulated immunometabolic pathways that enable cancer cells to survive and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic modalities targeted at HCC prevention and regression. A full understanding of HCC-associated immunometabolic changes in obesity may contribute to clinical treatments that effectively target cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- May G. Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Scott B. Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,*Correspondence: Scott B. Widenmaier,
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