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Frangogiannis NG. The fate and role of the pericytes in myocardial diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14204. [PMID: 38586936 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart contains a large population of pericytes that play important roles in homeostasis and disease. In the normal heart, pericytes regulate microvascular permeability and flow. Myocardial diseases are associated with marked alterations in pericyte phenotype and function. This review manuscript discusses the role of pericytes in cardiac homeostasis and disease. Following myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac pericytes participate in all phases of cardiac repair. During the inflammatory phase, pericytes may secrete cytokines and chemokines and may regulate leukocyte trafficking, through formation of intercellular gaps that serve as exit points for inflammatory cells. Moreover, pericyte contraction induces microvascular constriction, contributing to the pathogenesis of 'no-reflow' in ischemia and reperfusion. During the proliferative phase, pericytes are activated by growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and contribute to fibrosis, predominantly through secretion of fibrogenic mediators. A fraction of pericytes acquires fibroblast identity but contributes only to a small percentage of infarct fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. As the scar matures, pericytes form a coat around infarct neovessels, promoting stabilization of the vasculature. Pericytes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure, by regulating inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion. Pericytes are also important targets of viral infections (such as SARS-CoV2) and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications of COVID19. Considering their role in myocardial inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, pericytes may be promising therapeutic targets in myocardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Cao L, Wang X, Li X, Ma L, Li Y. Identification of Co-diagnostic Genes for Heart Failure and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through WGCNA and Machine Learning Algorithms. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1229-1245. [PMID: 38236461 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This research delves into the intricate relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and heart failure (HF) by exploring shared genetic characteristics and molecular processes. Employing advanced methodologies such as differential analysis, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and algorithms like Random Forest (RF), Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection (LASSO), and XGBoost, we meticulously identified modular differential genes (DEGs) associated with both HF and HCC. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were employed to unveil underlying biological mechanisms. The study revealed 88 core genes shared between HF and HCC, indicating a common mechanism. Enrichment analysis emphasized the roles of immune responses and inflammation in both diseases. Leveraging XGBoost, we crafted a robust multigene diagnostic model (including FCN3, MAP2K1, AP3M2, CDH19) with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.9, showcasing exceptional predictive accuracy. GSVA and ssGSEA analyses unveiled the involvement of immune cells and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of HF and HCC. This research uncovers a pivotal interplay between HF and HCC, highlighting shared pathways and key genes, offering promising insights for future clinical treatments and experimental research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xin Li
- Physical Examination Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yanfei Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Zhang Y, Lu YB, Zhu WJ, Gong XX, Qian R, Lu YJ, Li Y, Yao WF, Bao BH, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Cheng FF. Leech extract alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117737. [PMID: 38228229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leech, as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of blood circulation and blood stasis, was also widely used to cure pulmonary fibrosis in China. In clinical practice, some traditional Chinese medicine preparation such as Shui Zhi Xuan Bi Hua Xian Tang and Shui Zhi Tong Luo Capsule composed of leech, could improve the clinical symptoms and pulmonary function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the material basis of the leech in the treatment of IPF were not yet clear. AIM OF THE STUDY Screen out the components of leech that have the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects, and further explore the therapeutic mechanism of the active components. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the different molecular weight components of leech extract samples were prepared using the semi-permeable membranes with different pore sizes. The therapeutic effects of the leech extract groups with molecular weight greater than 10 KDa (>10 KDa group), between 3 KDa and 10 KDa (3-10 KDa group), and less than 3 KDa (<3 KDa group) on pulmonary fibrosis were firstly investigated by cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay (MTT), cell wound healing assay, immunofluorescence staining (IF) and Western blot (WB) assay through the TGF-β1-induced fibroblast cell model. Then bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (BML-induced PF) mouse model was constructed to investigate the pharmacological activities of the active component group of leech extract in vivo. Pathological changes of the mouse lung were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining (Masson). The hydroxyproline (HYP) content of lung tissues was quantified by HYP detection kit. The levels of extracellular matrix-related fibronectin (FN) and collagen type Ⅰ (Collagen Ⅰ), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) monomer and Smad7 protein were determined via WB method. PKM2 and Smad7 protein were further characterized by IF assays. RESULTS Using TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cell line as a PF cell model, the in vitro results demonstrated that the >10 KDa group could significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and migration, downregulated the expression level of cytoskeletal protein vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and reduced the deposition of FN and Collagen Ⅰ. In the BML-induced PF mouse model, the >10 KDa group significantly reduced the content of HYP, downregulated the expression levels of FN and Collagen Ⅰ in lung tissues, and delayed the pathological changes of lung tissue structure. The results of WB and IF assays further indicated that the >10 KDa group could up-regulate the expression level of PKM2 monomer and Smad7 protein in the cellular level, thereby delaying the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the >10 KDa group was the main material basis of the leech extract that inhibited pulmonary fibrosis through TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Bo Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xi Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jing Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Hua Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Fang-Fang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Yeh T, Wu Y, Wong TY, Sun G, Tseng C, Cheng P. Dapagliflozin prevents ERK activation and SGLT2-dependent endoglin upregulation in a mechanically provoked cardiac injury model. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15990. [PMID: 38575554 PMCID: PMC10994982 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are rapidly gaining ground in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by an unknown mechanism. Upregulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), SGLT1, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the diseased hearts was found to be attenuated by prolonged SGLT2i treatment. Unfortunately, dapagliflozin is not well understood as to how Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis is affected in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mechanical stretch in cardiomyocytes upregulate SGLT2, resulted to loss of Na+/Ca2+ homeostasis via ERK and eNOS signaling. AMI (+) and AMI (-) serum levels were estimated using ELISA assays of TGFβ-1 or endoglin (CD105). Human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 was subjected to different stresses: 5% mild and 25% aggressive, at 1 Hz for 24 h. Immunofluorescence assays were used to estimate troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633, and ERK1/2T202/Y204 levels was performed for 5% (mild), and 25% elongation for 24 h. AMI (+) serum showed increased TGFβ1 and CD105 compared to AMI (-) patients. In consistent, troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 were upregulated after 25% of 24 h cyclic stretch. Dapagliflozin addition caused SGLT2 inhibition, which significantly decreased troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633, and ERK1/2T202/Y204 under 25% cyclic stretching. In summary, SGLT2 may have sensed mechanical stretch in a way similar to cardiac overloading as in vivo. By blocking SGLT2 in stretched cardiomyocytes, the AMI biomarkers (CD105, troponin I and P-ERK) were decreased, potentially to rescue eNOS production to maintain normal cellular function. This discovery of CD105 and SGLT2 increase in mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes suggests that SGLT2 may conceive a novel role in direct or indirect sensing of mechanical stretch, prompting the possibility of an in vitro cardiac overloaded cell model, an alternative to animal heart model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung‐Chen Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chung Wu
- Section of NeurologyZuoying Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tzyy Yue Wong
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Gwo‐Ching Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Jiunn Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical Education and ResearchKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
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Li W, Xu L, Wang Y, Li W, Maimaiti M, Kou B, Liu C, Zhang M, Xia H, Yuan F. Protective effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia against radiation-induced liver damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:595-604. [PMID: 37483028 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without timely and effective interventions or treatments, radiation-induced liver damage (RILD) can lead to serious consequences for the patients and their families. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (IHHP) in RILD. METHODS Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups including one control group, one only irradiation group and other experimental groups. Blood routine tests and liver function tests were all assessed with abdominal venous blood. Moreover, hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry assay were used to detect the histopathological changes and expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in radiated liver sections. RESULTS Blood routing tests showed that RBC, WBC and Hb were all significantly increased while the differences of these results between different groups with same simulated altitude were approximate. However, liver function in the IHHP plus irradiation at 4000 m group was significantly decreased (P< 0.05) compared to only irradiation groups, and the manifestation of HE and lower positive expression of TNF-α showed improved histopathological changes in the liver section. Furthermore, no significant difference of HIF-1α expression between any two groups treated with IHHP was observed. CONCLUSION IHHP at the altitude of 4000 m group could alleviate the radioactive liver damage by downregulating TNF-α and less strong positive expression of TGF-β1. Furthermore, patients exposed to radiation might benefit from this treatment to prevent or reduce the RILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meiligu Maimaiti
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Kou
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Xia
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
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Qin J, Tan Y, Han Y, Yu L, Liu S, Zhao S, Wan H, Qu S. Interplay Between TGF-β Signaling and MicroRNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07532-2. [PMID: 38117422 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In diabetic patients, concomitant cardiovascular disease is the main factor contributing to their morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a form of cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes that can result in heart failure. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms play a crucial role in heart remodeling and repair and are elevated and activated in myocardial disorders. Alterations in certain microRNAs (miRNA) are closely related to diabetic cardiomyopathy. One or more miRNA molecules target the majority of TGF-β pathway components, and TGF-β directly or via SMADs controls miRNA synthesis. Based on these interactions, this review discusses potential cross-talk between TGF-β signaling and miRNA in DCM in order to investigate the creation of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Qin
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Han
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Letian Yu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shali Liu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hengquan Wan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shunlin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hongxiang Street, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Chakrabarti M, Chattha A, Nair A, Jiao K, Potts JD, Wang L, Branch S, Harrelson S, Khan S, Azhar M. Hippo Signaling Mediates TGFβ-Dependent Transcriptional Inputs in Cardiac Cushion Mesenchymal Cells to Regulate Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:483. [PMID: 38132651 PMCID: PMC10744298 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Hippo signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved pathways that play a critical role in cardiac fibroblasts during embryonic development, tissue repair, and fibrosis. TGFβ signaling and Hippo signaling are also important for cardiac cushion remodeling and septation during embryonic development. Loss of TGFβ2 in mice causes cardiac cushion remodeling defects resulting in congenital heart disease. In this study, we used in vitro molecular and pharmacologic approaches in the cushion mesenchymal cell line (tsA58-AVM) and investigated if the Hippo pathway acts as a mediator of TGFβ2 signaling. Immunofluorescence staining showed that TGFβ2 induced nuclear translocation of activated SMAD3 in the cushion mesenchymal cells. In addition, the results indicate increased nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) following a similar treatment of TGFβ2. In collagen lattice formation assays, the TGFβ2 treatment of cushion cells resulted in an enhanced collagen contraction compared to the untreated cushion cells. Interestingly, verteporfin, a YAP1 inhibitor, significantly blocked the ability of cushion cells to contract collagen gel in the absence or presence of exogenously added TGFβ2. To confirm the molecular mechanisms of the verteporfin-induced inhibition of TGFβ2-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization, we performed a gene expression analysis of key mesenchymal genes involved in ECM remodeling in heart development and disease. Our results confirm that verteporfin significantly decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), collagen 1a1 (Col1a1), Ccn1 (i.e., Cyr61), and Ccn2 (i.e., Ctgf). Western blot analysis indicated that verteporfin treatment significantly blocked the TGFβ2-induced activation of SMAD2/3 in cushion mesenchymal cells. Collectively, these results indicate that TGFβ2 regulation of cushion mesenchymal cell behavior and ECM remodeling is mediated by YAP1. Thus, the TGFβ2 and Hippo pathway integration represents an important step in understanding the etiology of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Ahad Chattha
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Abhijith Nair
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Kai Jiao
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Jay D. Potts
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Lianming Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Scotty Branch
- KOR Life Sciences, KOR Medical, and Vikor Scientific, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; (S.B.); (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Shea Harrelson
- KOR Life Sciences, KOR Medical, and Vikor Scientific, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; (S.B.); (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Saeed Khan
- KOR Life Sciences, KOR Medical, and Vikor Scientific, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; (S.B.); (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
- William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29202, USA
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Zeng KF, Wang HJ, Deng B, Chen TF, Chen JB, Ding WJ, Chen S, Xie JD, Lu SM, Chen GH, Zhang Y, Tan ZB, Ou HB, Tan YZ, Zhang SW, Zhou YC, Zhang JZ, Liu B. Ethyl ferulate suppresses post-myocardial infarction myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor receptor 1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155118. [PMID: 37801895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing number of myocardial infarction (MI) patients, myocardial fibrosis is becoming a widespread health concern. It's becoming more and more urgent to conduct additional research and investigations into efficient treatments. Ethyl ferulate (EF) is a naturally occurring substance with cardioprotective properties. However, the extent of its impact and the underlying mechanism of its treatment for myocardial fibrosis after MI remain unknown. PURPOSE The goal of this study was to look into how EF affected the signaling of the TGF-receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in myocardial fibrosis after MI. METHODS Echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining were employed to assess the impact of EF on heart structure and function in MI-affected mice in vivo. Cell proliferation assay (MTS), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and western blot techniques were employed to examine the influence of EF on native cardiac fibroblast (CFs) proliferation and collagen deposition. Molecular simulation and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) were utilized to explore TGFBR1 and EF interaction. Cardiac-specific Tgfbr1 knockout mice (Tgfbr1ΔMCK) were utilized to testify to the impact of EF. RESULTS In vivo experiments revealed that EF alleviated myocardial fibrosis, improved cardiac dysfunction after MI and downregulated the TGFBR1 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that EF significantly inhibited CFs proliferation, collagen deposition and TGFBR1 signaling followed by TGF-β1 stimulation. More specifically, molecular simulation, molecular dynamics, and SPRi collectively showed that EF directly targeted TGFBR1. Lastly, knocking down of Tgfbr1 partially reversed the inhibitory activity of EF on myocardial fibrosis in MI mice. CONCLUSION EF attenuated myocardial fibrosis post-MI by directly suppressing TGFBR1 and its downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ting-Fang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jun-Bang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jun-di Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Si-Min Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guang-Hong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hong-Bin Ou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Shuang-Wei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jing-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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9
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Bao J, Gao Z, Hu Y, Ye L, Wang L. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1: cardioprotective effects in diabetic models. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2281743. [PMID: 37983306 PMCID: PMC10761101 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2281743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, especially heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. Individuals with diabetes are prone to a special type of cardiomyopathy called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which cannot be explained by heart diseases such as hypertension or coronary artery disease, and can contribute to HF. Unfortunately, the current treatment strategy for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications is mainly to control blood glucose levels; nonetheless, the improvement of cardiac structure and function is not ideal. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel, has been shown to be universally expressed in the cardiovascular system. Increasing evidence has shown that the activation of TRPV1 channel has a potential protective influence on the cardiovascular system. Numerous studies show that activating TRPV1 channels can improve the occurrence and progression of diabetes-related complications, including cardiomyopathy; however, the specific mechanisms and effects are unclear. In this review, we summarize that TRPV1 channel activation plays a protective role in the heart of diabetic models from oxidation/nitrification stress, mitochondrial function, endothelial function, inflammation, and cardiac energy metabolism to inhibit the occurrence and progression of DCM. Therefore, TRPV1 may become a latent target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Abdelhady SA, Ali MA, Yacout DM, Essawy MM, Kandil LS, El-Mas MM. The suppression of MAPK/NOX/MMP signaling prompts renoprotection conferred by prenatal naproxen in weaning preeclamptic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17498. [PMID: 37840054 PMCID: PMC10577149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for fever and pain during pregnancy, their possible interaction with perinatal renal injury induced by preeclampsia (PE) has not been addressed. Here, studies were undertaken in the N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) PE model to assess the influence of gestational NSAIDs on renal damage in weaning dams. PE-evoked increments and decrements in urine protein and creatinine clearance, respectively, were intensified by celecoxib and weakened by diclofenac or naproxen. Naproxen also improved renal cloudy swelling, necrosis, and reduced glomerular area evoked by PE. The concomitant rises in renal expression of markers of oxidative stress (NOX2/4), extracellular matrix metaloproteinase deposition (MMP9), and prostanoids (PGE2, PGF2α, TXA2) were all more effectively reduced by naproxen compared with celecoxib or diclofenac. Western blotting showed tripled expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; p-p38, p-JNK1, p-ERK1, p-ERK2) in PE kidneys that was overturned by all NSAIDs, with naproxen producing the largest drop in p-ERK2 expression. The PE-provoked elevation in renal expression of autophagic marker LC3 was reduced by naproxen and diclofenac, but not celecoxib. The data suggests superior effect for naproxen over other NSAIDs in rectifying preeclamptic renal injury and predisposing inflammatory, oxidative, autophagic, and fibrotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien A Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt.
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Yacout
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia S Kandil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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11
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Castillo-Casas JM, Caño-Carrillo S, Sánchez-Fernández C, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E. Comparative Analysis of Heart Regeneration: Searching for the Key to Heal the Heart-Part II: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:357. [PMID: 37754786 PMCID: PMC10531542 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among which ischemic heart disease is the most representative. Myocardial infarction results from occlusion of a coronary artery, which leads to an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. As it is well known, the massive loss of cardiomyocytes cannot be solved due the limited regenerative ability of the adult mammalian hearts. In contrast, some lower vertebrate species can regenerate the heart after an injury; their study has disclosed some of the involved cell types, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways during the regenerative process. In this 'two parts' review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of the main response to achieve heart regeneration, where several processes are involved and essential for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
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12
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Yang Q, Zong X, Zhuang L, Pan R, Tudi X, Fan Q, Tao R. PFKFB3 Inhibitor 3PO Reduces Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction by Regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 Pathway. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1072. [PMID: 37509108 PMCID: PMC10377206 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling, including cardiac fibrosis, after myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of long-term heart failure. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), an enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism, also plays an important role in various fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases. However, its effects on MI remain unknown. Here, PFKFB3 inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO) and a permanent left anterior descending ligation mouse model were used to explore the functional role of PFKFB3 in MI. We showed that PFKFB3 expression increased significantly in the area of cardiac infarction during the early phase after MI, peaking on day 3. 3PO treatment markedly improved cardiac function, accompanied by decreased infarction size and collagen density in the infarct area. Meanwhile, 3PO attenuated cardiac fibrosis after MI by reducing the expression of collagen and fibronectin in murine hearts. Notably, 3PO reduced PFKFB3 expression and inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta 1/mothers against the decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (TGF-β1/SMAD2/3) signaling pathway to inhibit cardiac fibrosis after MI. Moreover, PFKFB3 expression in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) increased significantly after MI and under hypoxia, whereas 3PO alleviated the migratory capacity and activation of NRCFs induced by TGF-β1. In conclusion, 3PO effectively reduced fibrosis and improved adverse cardiac remodeling after MI, suggesting PFKFB3 inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lingfang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Roubai Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xierenayi Tudi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institution of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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13
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Garlapati V, Molitor M, Michna T, Harms GS, Finger S, Jung R, Lagrange J, Efentakis P, Wild J, Knorr M, Karbach S, Wild S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Münzel T, Daiber A, Brandt M, Gori T, Milting H, Tenzer S, Ruf W, Wenzel P. Targeting myeloid cell coagulation signaling blocks MAP kinase/TGF-β1-driven fibrotic remodeling in ischemic heart failure. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:156436. [PMID: 36548062 PMCID: PMC9927945 DOI: 10.1172/jci156436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in acute interventions for myocardial infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and excess fibrosis after MI causing ischemic heart failure (IHF) remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Here we identify a profibrotic coagulation signaling pathway that can be targeted for improved cardiac function following MI with persistent ischemia. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of cardiac tissue revealed an upregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human IHF. Intervention in this pathway with trametinib improves myocardial function and prevents fibrotic remodeling in a murine model of non-reperfused MI. MAPK activation in MI requires myeloid cell signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 linked to the cytoplasmic domain of the coagulation initiator tissue factor (TF). They act upstream of pro-oxidant NOX2 NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and activation of profibrotic TGF-β1. Specific targeting with the TF inhibitor nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (NAPc2) starting 1 day after established experimental MI averts IHF. Increased TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation in circulating monocytes from patients with subacute MI identifies a potential thromboinflammatory biomarker reflective of increased risk for IHF and suitable for patient selection to receive targeted TF inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Molitor
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Michna
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory S Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany and.,Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefanie Finger
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maike Knorr
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON) Mainz, Germany and.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis and.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Molecular Approaches and Echocardiographic Deformation Imaging in Detecting Myocardial Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810944. [PMID: 36142856 PMCID: PMC9501415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological remodeling of myocardial tissue is the main cause of heart diseases. Several processes are involved in the onset of heart failure, and the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the pathological phenotype deserves special attention to find novel procedures to identify the site of injury and develop novel strategies, as well as molecular druggable pathways, to counteract the high degree of morbidity associated with it. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is recognized as a critical trigger for disruption of heart functionality due to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, in response to an injury. Its diagnosis remains focalized on invasive techniques, such as endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), or may be noninvasively detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). The detection of MF by non-canonical markers remains a challenge in clinical practice. During the last two decades, two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as a new non-invasive imaging modality, able to detect myocardial tissue abnormalities without specifying the causes of the underlying histopathological changes. In this review, we highlighted the clinical utility of 2D-STE deformation imaging for tissue characterization, and its main technical limitations and criticisms. Moreover, we focalized on the importance of coupling 2D-STE examination with the molecular approaches in the clinical decision-making processes, in particular when the 2D-STE does not reflect myocardial dysfunction directly. We also attempted to examine the roles of epigenetic markers of MF and hypothesized microRNA-based mechanisms aiming to understand how they match with the clinical utility of echocardiographic deformation imaging for tissue characterization and MF assessment.
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15
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Mahapatra S, Sharma MVR, Brownson B, Gallicano VE, Gallicano GI. Cardiac inducing colonies halt fibroblast activation and induce cardiac/endothelial cells to move and expand via paracrine signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar96. [PMID: 35653297 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF), a common event that develops after myocardial infarction, initially is a reparative process but eventually leads to heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest. In MF, the infarct area is replaced by a collagenous-based scar induced by "excessive" collagen deposition from activated cardiac fibroblasts. The scar prevents ventricular wall thinning; however, over time it expands to noninfarcted myocardium. Therapies to prevent fibrosis include reperfusion, anti-fibrotic agents, and ACE inhibitors. Paracrine factor (PF)/stem cell research has recently gained significance as a therapy. We consistently find that cardiac inducing colonies (CiCs) (derived from human germline pluripotent stem cells) secrete PFs at physiologically relevant concentrations that suppress cardiac fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix protein secretion. These factors also affect human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells by inducing migration/proliferation of both populations into a myocardial wound model. Finally, CiC factors modulate matrix turnover and proinflammation. Taking the results together, we show that CiCs could help tip the balance from fibrosis toward repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145
| | | | - Breanna Brownson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145.,Rye High School, Rye, NY 10580
| | - Vaughn E Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145.,Thomas Edison High School, Alexandria, VA 22310
| | - G Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145
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16
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Li D, Tian K, Guo J, Wang Q, Qin Z, Lu Y, Xu Y, Scott N, Charles CJ, Liu G, Zhang J, Cui X, Tang J. Growth factors: avenues for the treatment of myocardial infarction and potential delivery strategies. Regen Med 2022; 17:561-579. [PMID: 35638395 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite recent advances in clinical management, reoccurence of heart failure after AMI remains high, in part because of the limited capacity of cardiac tissue to repair after AMI-induced cell death. Growth factor-based therapy has emerged as an alternative AMI treatment strategy. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of growth factor cardioprotective and regenerative actions is important. This review focuses on the function of different growth factors at each stage of the cardiac repair process. Recent evidence for growth factor therapy in preclinical and clinical trials is included. Finally, different delivery strategies are reviewed with a view to providing workable strategies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Nicola Scott
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Chris J Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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17
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Li J, Li R, Tuleta I, Hernandez SC, Humeres C, Hanna A, Chen B, Frangogiannis NG. The role of endogenous Smad7 in regulating macrophage phenotype following myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22400. [PMID: 35695814 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101956rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smad7 restrains TGF-β responses, and has been suggested to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that may involve effects on macrophages. Myocardial infarction triggers a macrophage-driven inflammatory response that not only plays a central role in cardiac repair, but also contributes to adverse remodeling and fibrosis. We hypothesized that macrophage Smad7 expression may regulate inflammation and fibrosis in the infarcted heart through suppression of TGF-β responses, or via TGF-independent actions. In a mouse model of myocardial infarction, infiltration with Smad7+ macrophages peaked 7 days after coronary occlusion. Myeloid cell-specific Smad7 loss in mice had no effects on homeostatic functions and did not affect baseline macrophage gene expression. RNA-seq predicted that Smad7 may promote TREM1-mediated inflammation in infarct macrophages. However, these alterations in the transcriptional profile of macrophages were associated with a modest and transient reduction in infarct myofibroblast infiltration, and did not affect dysfunction, chamber dilation, scar remodeling, collagen deposition, and macrophage recruitment. In vitro, RNA-seq and PCR arrays showed that TGF-β has profound effects on macrophage profile, attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression, modulating synthesis of matrix remodeling genes, inducing genes associated with sphingosine-1 phosphate activation and integrin signaling, and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis genes. However, Smad7 loss did not significantly affect TGF-β-mediated macrophage responses, modulating synthesis of only a small fraction of TGF-β-induced genes, including Itga5, Olfml3, and Fabp7. Our findings suggest a limited role for macrophage Smad7 in regulation of post-infarction inflammation and repair, and demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β in macrophages are not restrained by endogenous Smad7 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruoshui Li
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Izabela Tuleta
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Silvia C Hernandez
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Claudio Humeres
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Bijun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, New York, USA
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18
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Han Y, Duan B, Wu J, Zheng Y, Gu Y, Cai X, Lu C, Wu X, Li Y, Gu X. Analysis of Time Series Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Reveals the Molecular Features of Myocardial Infarction Progression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:912454. [PMID: 35811717 PMCID: PMC9263976 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, and the changes at the molecular level after MI and the DNA methylation features are not clear. Understanding the molecular characteristics of the early stages of MI is of significance for the treatment of the disease. In this study, RNA-seq and MeDIP-seq were performed on heart tissue from mouse models at multiple time points (0 h, 10 min, 1, 6, 24, and 72 h) to explore genetic and epigenetic features that influence MI progression. Analysis based on a single point in time, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) increased with the time of myocardial infarction, using 0 h as a control group. Moreover, within 10 min of MI onset, the cells are mainly in immune response, and as the duration of MI increases, apoptosis begins to occur. Analysis based on time series data, the expression of 1012 genes was specifically downregulated, and these genes were associated with energy metabolism. The expression of 5806 genes was specifically upregulated, and these genes were associated with immune regulation, inflammation and apoptosis. Fourteen transcription factors were identified in the genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation, which may be potential drug targets. Analysis based on MeDIP-seq combined with RNA-seq methodology, focused on methylation at the promoter region. GO revealed that the downregulated genes with hypermethylation at 72 h were enriched in biological processes such as cardiac muscle contraction. In addition, the upregulated genes with hypomethylation at 72 h were enriched in biological processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway and regulation of angiogenesis. Among these genes, the Tnni3 gene was also present in the downregulated model. Hypermethylation of Tnni3 at 72 h after MI may be an important cause of exacerbation of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyu Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinchen Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xubo Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Xubo Wu
| | - Yanfei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Yanfei Li
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Gu
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19
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Tschernia NP, Gulley JL. Tumor in the Crossfire: Inhibiting TGF-β to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. BioDrugs 2022; 36:153-180. [PMID: 35353346 PMCID: PMC8986721 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints has undoubtedly revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape in the last decade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can elicit long-lasting, previously unheard-of responses in a number of tumor entities. Yet, even in such tumors as metastatic melanoma and non-small cell-lung cancer, in which immune checkpoint inhibition has become the first-line treatment of choice, only a minority of patients will benefit considerably from these treatments. This has been attributed to a number of factors, including an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Using different modalities to break these barriers is of utmost importance to expand the population of patients that benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition. The multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has long been recognized as an immune-suppressive factor in the TME. A considerable number of drugs have been developed to target TGF-β, yet most of these have since been discontinued. The combination of anti-TGF-β agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors now has the potential to revive this target as a viable immunomodulatory therapeutic approach. Currently, a limited number of small molecular inhibitor and monoclonal antibody candidates that target TGF-β are in clinical development in combination with the following immune checkpoint inhibitors: SRK 181, an antibody inhibiting the activation of latent TGF-β1; NIS 793, a monoclonal antibody targeting TGF-β; and SHR 1701, a fusion protein consisting of an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody fused with the extracellular domain of human TGF-β receptor II. Several small molecular inhibitors are also in development and are briefly reviewed: LY364947, a pyrazole-based small molecular inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase activity of TGFβRI; SB-431542, an inhibitor targeting several TGF-β superfamily Type I activin receptor-like kinases as well as TGF-β1-induced nuclear Smad3 localization; and galunisertib, an oral small molecular inhibitor of the TGFβRI kinase. One of the most advanced agents in this area is bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGF-β receptor II fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking PD-L1. Bintrafusp alfa is currently in advanced clinical development and as an agent in this space with the most clinical experience, is a focused highlight of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Tschernia
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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20
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Wang H, Lin Y, Zhang R, Chen Y, Ji W, Li S, Wang L, Tan R, Yuan J. Programmed Exercise Attenuates Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic E22K Mice via Inhibition of PKC-α/NFAT Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:808163. [PMID: 35265680 PMCID: PMC8899095 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.808163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM), an autosomal dominant disease, is caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins. E22K, a mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain sarcomere gene, is associated with the development of FHCM. However, the molecular mechanisms by which E22K mutation promotes septal hypertrophy are still elusive. The hypertrophic markers, including beta-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, were upregulated, as detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The gene expression profiles were greatly altered in the left ventricle of E22K mutant mice. Among these genes, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) were upregulated, and their protein expression levels were also verified to be elevated. The fibrosis markers, such as phosphorylated Smad and transforming growth factor beta receptor, were also elevated in transgenic E22K mice. After receiving 6 weeks of procedural exercise training, the expression levels of PKC-α and NFAT were reversed in E22K mouse hearts. In addition, the expression levels of several fibrosis-related genes such as transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, Smad4, and alpha smooth muscle actin in E22K mouse hearts were also reversed. Genes that associated with cardiac remodeling such as myocyte enhancer factor 2C, extracellular matrix protein 2 and fibroblast growth factor 12 were reduced after exercising. Taken together, our results indicate that exercise can improve hypertrophy and fibrosis-related indices in transgenic E22K mice via PKC-α/NFAT pathway, which provide new insight into the prevention and treatment of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuedong Lin
- Cardiac Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenwei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Rubin Tan
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jinxiang Yuan
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21
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Brunton-O'Sullivan MM, Holley AS, Bird GK, Kristono GA, Harding SA, Larsen PD. Examining variation and temporal dynamics of extracellular matrix biomarkers following acute myocardial infarction. Biomark Med 2022; 16:147-161. [PMID: 35107387 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated an optimal extracellular matrix (ECM) biomarker panel for measurement in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials & methods: Blood samples were collected from 12 healthy volunteers, and from 23 patients during hospital admission (day 1-3) and 6 months following AMI. Protein assays measured: FGFb, MMP-2, -3, -8, -9, osteopontin, periostin, PINP, TGF-β1, TIMP-1, -4 and VEGF. Results: When compared with healthy levels, seven ECM biomarkers were significantly altered in AMI patients, and six of these biomarkers displayed stable expression during hospital admission. Clinical characteristics and baseline cardiac function were not well correlated with ECM biomarkers. Conclusion: We suggest, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, periostin, PINP and TIMP-1 may be useful ECM biomarkers for future studies in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane M Brunton-O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ana S Holley
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Georgina K Bird
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gisela A Kristono
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Harding
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Cardiology, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Larsen
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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22
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Humeres C, Shinde AV, Hanna A, Alex L, Hernández SC, Li R, Chen B, Conway SJ, Frangogiannis NG. Smad7 effects on TGF-β and ErbB2 restrain myofibroblast activation and protect from postinfarction heart failure. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:146926. [PMID: 34905511 PMCID: PMC8803336 DOI: 10.1172/jci146926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of the infarcted heart requires TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts. However, TGF-β-driven myofibroblast activation needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent excessive fibrosis and adverse remodeling that may precipitate heart failure. We hypothesized that induction of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, may restrain infarct myofibroblast activation, and we examined the molecular mechanisms of Smad7 actions. In a mouse model of nonreperfused infarction, Smad3 activation triggered Smad7 synthesis in α-SMA+ infarct myofibroblasts, but not in α-SMA-PDGFRα+ fibroblasts. Myofibroblast-specific Smad7 loss increased heart failure-related mortality, worsened dysfunction, and accentuated fibrosis in the infarct border zone and in the papillary muscles. Smad7 attenuated myofibroblast activation and reduced synthesis of structural and matricellular extracellular matrix proteins. Smad7 effects on TGF-β cascades involved deactivation of Smad2/3 and non-Smad pathways, without any effects on TGF-β receptor activity. Unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified receptor tyrosine kinase signaling as a major target of Smad7. Smad7 interacted with ErbB2 in a TGF-β-independent manner and restrained ErbB1/ErbB2 activation, suppressing fibroblast expression of fibrogenic proteases, integrins, and CD44. Smad7 induction in myofibroblasts serves as an endogenous TGF-β-induced negative feedback mechanism that inhibits postinfarction fibrosis by restraining Smad-dependent and Smad-independent TGF-β responses, and by suppressing TGF-β-independent fibrogenic actions of ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Arti V. Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anis Hanna
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Linda Alex
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Silvia C. Hernández
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Bijun Chen
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue after injury or disease leads to scar formation. Our knowledge of the role of nonmyocytes, especially fibroblasts, in cardiac injury and repair continues to increase with technological advances in both experimental and clinical studies. Here, we aim to elaborate on cardiac fibroblasts by describing their origins, dynamic cellular states after injury, and heterogeneity in order to understand their role in cardiac injury and repair. RECENT FINDINGS With the improvement in genetic lineage tracing technologies and the capability to profile gene expression at the single-cell level, we are beginning to learn that manipulating a specific population of fibroblasts could mitigate severe cardiac fibrosis and promote cardiac repair after injury. Cardiac fibroblasts play an indispensable role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. Activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts have time-dependent impacts on cardiac fibrosis. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in modulating fibroblast states, resulting in the alteration of fibrosis. Modulating a specific population of cardiac fibroblasts may provide new opportunities for identifying novel treatment options for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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24
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Hopes and Hurdles of Employing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313000. [PMID: 34884805 PMCID: PMC8657815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cardiac fibrosis plays a crucial role in almost all types of heart disease. Generally, cardiac fibrosis is a scarring process triggered in response to stress, injury, or aging and is characterized by the accumulation of activated myofibroblasts that deposit high levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardium. While it is beneficial for cardiac repair in the short term, it can also result in pathological remodeling, tissue stiffening, and cardiac dysfunction, contributing to the progression of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Despite its high prevalence, there is a lack of effective and safe therapies that specifically target myofibroblasts to inhibit or even reverse pathological cardiac fibrosis. In the past few decades, cell therapy has been under continuous evaluation as a potential treatment strategy, and several studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce cardiac fibrosis and improve heart function. Mechanistically, it is believed that the heart benefits from MSC therapy by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative reactions. The mechanisms of action include paracrine signaling and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the anti-fibrotic properties of MSCs and approaches to enhance them and discuss future directions of MSCs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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25
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Bongiovanni C, Sacchi F, Da Pra S, Pantano E, Miano C, Morelli MB, D'Uva G. Reawakening the Intrinsic Cardiac Regenerative Potential: Molecular Strategies to Boost Dedifferentiation and Proliferation of Endogenous Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750604. [PMID: 34692797 PMCID: PMC8531484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts carried out to develop stem/progenitor cell-based technologies aiming at replacing and restoring the cardiac tissue following severe damages, thus far no strategies based on adult stem cell transplantation have been demonstrated to efficiently generate new cardiac muscle cells. Intriguingly, dedifferentiation, and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes and not stem cell differentiation represent the preponderant cellular mechanism by which lower vertebrates spontaneously regenerate the injured heart. Mammals can also regenerate their heart up to the early neonatal period, even in this case by activating the proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes. However, the mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is dramatically reduced soon after birth, when most cardiomyocytes exit from the cell cycle, undergo further maturation, and continue to grow in size. Although a slow rate of cardiomyocyte turnover has also been documented in adult mammals, both in mice and humans, this is not enough to sustain a robust regenerative process. Nevertheless, these remarkable findings opened the door to a branch of novel regenerative approaches aiming at reactivating the endogenous cardiac regenerative potential by triggering a partial dedifferentiation process and cell cycle re-entry in endogenous cardiomyocytes. Several adaptations from intrauterine to extrauterine life starting at birth and continuing in the immediate neonatal period concur to the loss of the mammalian cardiac regenerative ability. A wide range of systemic and microenvironmental factors or cell-intrinsic molecular players proved to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and their manipulation has been explored as a therapeutic strategy to boost cardiac function after injuries. We here review the scientific knowledge gained thus far in this novel and flourishing field of research, elucidating the key biological and molecular mechanisms whose modulation may represent a viable approach for regenerating the human damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elvira Pantano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
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26
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Kharaziha M, Baidya A, Annabi N. Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100176. [PMID: 34251690 PMCID: PMC8489436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With all the advances in tissue engineering for construction of fully functional skin tissue, complete regeneration of chronic wounds is still challenging. Since immune reaction to the tissue damage is critical in regulating both the quality and duration of chronic wound healing cascade, strategies to modulate the immune system are of importance. Generally, in response to an injury, macrophages switch from pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, controlling macrophages' polarization has become an appealing approach in regenerative medicine. Recently, hydrogels-based constructs, incorporated with various cellular and molecular signals, have been developed and utilized to adjust immune cell functions in various stages of wound healing. Here, the current state of knowledge on immune cell functions during skin tissue regeneration is first discussed. Recent advanced technologies used to design immunomodulatory hydrogels for controlling macrophages' polarization are then summarized. Rational design of hydrogels for providing controlled immune stimulation via hydrogel chemistry and surface modification, as well as incorporation of cell and molecules, are also dicussed. In addition, the effects of hydrogels' properties on immunogenic features and the wound healing process are summarized. Finally, future directions and upcoming research strategies to control immune responses during chronic wound healing are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Avijit Baidya
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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27
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Flores-Vergara R, Olmedo I, Aránguiz P, Riquelme JA, Vivar R, Pedrozo Z. Communication Between Cardiomyocytes and Fibroblasts During Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion and Remodeling: Roles of TGF-β, CTGF, the Renin Angiotensin Axis, and Non-coding RNA Molecules. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716721. [PMID: 34539441 PMCID: PMC8446518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells is a foundational concept for understanding the physiology and pathology of biological systems. Paracrine/autocrine signaling, direct cell-to-cell interplay, and extracellular matrix interactions are three types of cell communication that regulate responses to different stimuli. In the heart, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells interact to form the cardiac tissue. Under pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction, humoral factors released by these cells may induce tissue damage or protection, depending on the type and concentration of molecules secreted. Cardiac remodeling is also mediated by the factors secreted by cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts that are involved in the extensive reciprocal interactions between these cells. Identifying the molecules and cellular signal pathways implicated in these processes will be crucial for creating effective tissue-preserving treatments during or after reperfusion. Numerous therapies to protect cardiac tissue from reperfusion-induced injury have been explored, and ample pre-clinical research has attempted to identify drugs or techniques to mitigate cardiac damage. However, despite great success in animal models, it has not been possible to completely translate these cardioprotective effects to human applications. This review provides a current summary of the principal molecules, pathways, and mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblast crosstalk during ischemia/reperfusion injury. We also discuss pre-clinical molecules proposed as treatments for myocardial infarction and provide a clinical perspective on these potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Flores-Vergara
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jaime Andrés Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de alta letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Valizadeh A, Asghari S, Mansouri P, Alemi F, Majidinia M, Mahmoodpoor A, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in cardiac regeneration. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2142-2166. [PMID: 34521319 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge of cardiac regeneration mechanisms has dramatically expanded. Regeneration can replace lost parts of organs, common among animal species. The heart is commonly considered an organ with terminal development, which has no reparability potential during post-natal life; however, some intrinsic regeneration capacity has been reported for cardiac muscle, which opens novel avenues in cardiovascular disease treatment. Different endogenous mechanisms were studied for cardiac repairing and regeneration in recent decades. Survival, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell-cell communication, cardiomyogenesis, and anti-aging pathways are the most important mechanisms that have been studied in this regard. Several in vitro and animal model studies focused on proliferation induction for cardiac regeneration reported promising results. These studies have mainly focused on promoting proliferation signaling pathways and demonstrated various signaling pathways such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt, IGF-1, TGF-β, Hippo, and VEGF signaling cardiac regeneration. Therefore, in this review, we intended to discuss the connection between different critical signaling pathways in cardiac repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Samira Asghari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Parinaz Mansouri
- Students Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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29
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Shen J, Fan Z, Sun G, Qi G. Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) reduces myocardial injury following myocardial infarction by inhibiting NLRP3‑induced pyroptosis via the TAK1/JNK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:676. [PMID: 34296299 PMCID: PMC8335743 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) on ventricular remodeling in myocardial infarction (MI) and the effects of the inflammasome‑mediated inflammatory response. First, a rat model was established. Animals were then treated with LCZ696 so that the histopathological changes associated with ventricular remodeling could be investigated. The serum levels of the inflammatory factors IL‑18 and IL‑1β were also determined by ELISA. Immunofluorescence was used to investigate the ratio of pyroptosis following MI modelling. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to detect the relative expression levels of proteins and mRNAs in the transforming growth factor β‑activated kinase‑1 (TAK1)/JNK pathway and those associated with the NLR pyrin family domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, respectively. The present study also investigated the regulatory mechanisms and associations between the TAK1 and JNK pathways, NOD‑, leucine‑rich repeat‑ and the NLRP3 inflammasome, in H9C2 cells and myocardial cells from the rat model of MI. LCZ696 improved MI‑induced myocardial fibrosis, rescued myocardial injury and suppressed the release of inflammatory factors. With regards to myocardial cell damage, pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes was observed. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of TAK1 promoted lysis of the N‑terminal of GSDMD, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting the conversion of pro‑IL‑1β and pro‑IL‑18 into mature IL‑1β and IL‑18, respectively. In contrast, the silencing of TAK1 inhibited the expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, LCZ696 reduced the expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome, suppressed inflammatory responses, improved the ventricular remodeling and exhibited protective effects in the MI heart by inhibiting the TAK1/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbao Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guoxian Qi
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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30
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Evens L, Beliën H, D’Haese S, Haesen S, Verboven M, Rummens JL, Bronckaers A, Hendrikx M, Deluyker D, Bito V. Combinational Therapy of Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells and Pyridoxamine: The Road to Cardiac Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179266. [PMID: 34502175 PMCID: PMC8431115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the coronary blood supply is interrupted. As a consequence, cardiomyocytes are irreversibly damaged and lost. Unfortunately, current therapies for MI are unable to prevent progression towards heart failure. As the renewal rate of cardiomyocytes is minimal, the optimal treatment should achieve effective cardiac regeneration, possibly with stem cells transplantation. In that context, our research group identified the cardiac atrial appendage stem cells (CASCs) as a new cellular therapy. However, CASCs are transplanted into a hostile environment, with elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which may affect their regenerative potential. In this study, we hypothesize that pyridoxamine (PM), a vitamin B6 derivative, could further enhance the regenerative capacities of CASCs transplanted after MI by reducing AGEs’ formation. Methods and Results: MI was induced in rats by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Animals were assigned to either no therapy (MI), CASCs transplantation (MI + CASCs), or CASCs transplantation supplemented with PM treatment (MI + CASCs + PM). Four weeks post-surgery, global cardiac function and infarct size were improved upon CASCs transplantation. Interstitial collagen deposition, evaluated on cryosections, was decreased in the MI animals transplanted with CASCs. Contractile properties of resident left ventricular cardiomyocytes were assessed by unloaded cell shortening. CASCs transplantation prevented cardiomyocyte shortening deterioration. Even if PM significantly reduced cardiac levels of AGEs, cardiac outcome was not further improved. Conclusion: Limiting AGEs’ formation with PM during an ischemic injury in vivo did not further enhance the improved cardiac phenotype obtained with CASCs transplantation. Whether AGEs play an important deleterious role in the setting of stem cell therapy after MI warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Evens
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Hanne Beliën
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Sarah D’Haese
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Sibren Haesen
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Maxim Verboven
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Jean-Luc Rummens
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-11269285
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31
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Kulida LV, Malysheva MV, Peretyatko LP, Saryeva OP, Protsenko EV. [Morphopathology of myocardial hypoxic-ischemic injuries in newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:29-34. [PMID: 34278758 DOI: 10.17116/patol20218304129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the parameters of myocardial structural injuries developed in chronic intrauterine hypoxia conditions in newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A battery of morphological techniques, including organometry studies and separate weighing of the heart; 3D histology; morphometry with the determination of the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei, the specific area of the muscular and interstitial components of the right ventricular myocardium; immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor βı (TGF-βı), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and transmission electron microscopy, was used to examine heart samples from 30 deceased newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation who developed in chronic intrauterine hypoxia conditions. A control group consisted of hearts from 20 extremely low body weight (ELBW) newborns, the main cause of whose death was asphyxia caused by the premature detachment of a normally positioned placenta. RESULTS Analysis of the organometric parameters of heart samples from newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation, who had experienced chronic intrauterine hypoxia, revealed right ventricular hypertrophy with increases in the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei and in the specific area of the muscle component compared to the control group. Impaired myocardial microcirculation and destructive changes in cardiomyocytes were diagnosed in conjunction with the decreased troponin T and increased TGF-β1 expressions. Incomplete differentiation of cardiomyocytes and their myofibrillar component was revealed at the myocardial ultrastructural level in ELBW newborns who had experienced chronic intrauterine hypoxia. CONCLUSION The parameters of myocardial structural rearrangement in ELBW newborns who had experienced chronic intrauterine hypoxia are compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy, microcirculatory disorders, destructive changes in cardiomyocytes, decreased cTnT and increased TGF-β1 expressions in conjunction with impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kulida
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - M V Malysheva
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - L P Peretyatko
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - O P Saryeva
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - E V Protsenko
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
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Azimzadeh O, von Toerne C, Subramanian V, Sievert W, Multhoff G, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Reveals Long-Term Biomarkers in the Serum of C57BL/6J Mice Following Local High-Dose Heart Irradiation. Front Public Health 2021; 9:678856. [PMID: 34277544 PMCID: PMC8283568 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.678856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of radiation therapy. Measurable abnormalities in the heart function indicate advanced and often irreversible heart damage. Therefore, early detection of cardiac toxicity is necessary to delay and alleviate the development of the disease. The present study investigated long-term serum proteome alterations following local heart irradiation using a mouse model with the aim to detect biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from C57BL/6J mice were collected 20 weeks after local heart irradiation with 8 or 16 Gy X-ray; the controls were sham-irradiated. The samples were analyzed by quantitative proteomics based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were further investigated using bioinformatics and ELISA. Results: The analysis showed radiation-induced changes in the level of several serum proteins involved in the acute phase response, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. We found significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6) in the serum of the irradiated mice. The level of free fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and oxidized LDL was increased, whereas that of high-density lipoprotein was decreased by irradiation. Conclusions: This study provides information on systemic effects of heart irradiation. It elucidates a radiation fingerprint in the serum that may be used to elucidate adverse cardiac effects after radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Vikram Subramanian
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Role of Neutrophils in Cardiac Injury and Repair Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071676. [PMID: 34359844 PMCID: PMC8305164 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are first-line responders of the innate immune system. Following myocardial infarction (MI), neutrophils are quickly recruited to the ischemic region, where they initiate the inflammatory response, aiming at cleaning up dead cell debris. However, excessive accumulation and/or delayed removal of neutrophils are deleterious. Neutrophils can promote myocardial injury by releasing reactive oxygen species, granular components, and pro-inflammatory mediators. More recent studies have revealed that neutrophils are able to form extracellular traps (NETs) and produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to aggravate inflammation and cardiac injury. On the contrary, there is growing evidence showing that neutrophils also exert anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and pro-reparative effects, thus facilitating inflammation resolution and cardiac repair. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neutrophils’ detrimental roles, highlighting the role of recently recognized NETs and EVs, followed by a discussion of their beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms in post-MI cardiac remodeling. In addition, emerging concepts about neutrophil diversity and their modulation of adaptive immunity are discussed.
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34
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A combined biomarker approach for characterising extracellular matrix profiles in acute myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12705. [PMID: 34135421 PMCID: PMC8209070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) biomarkers are useful for measuring underlying molecular activity associated with cardiac repair following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the interrelationships between ECM biomarkers, and cluster analysis to identify if distinct ECM profiles could distinguish patient risk in AMI. Ten ECM biomarkers were measured from plasma in 140 AMI patients: MMP-2, -3, -8, -9, periostin, procollagen I N-Terminal propeptide, osteopontin, TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and -4. EFA grouped eight ECM biomarkers into a two-factor solution, which comprised three biomarkers in Factor 1 and five biomarkers in Factor 2. Notably, ECM biomarkers were not separated based on biological function. Cluster analysis grouped AMI patients into three distinct clusters. Cluster One (n = 54) had increased levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, and TGF-B1. Cluster Two (n = 43) had elevated levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, osteopontin, periostin and TIMP-1, and increased high-sensitivity troponin T and GRACE scores. Cluster Three (n = 43) had decreased levels of ECM biomarkers. Circulating ECM biomarkers demonstrated collinearity and entwined biological functions based on EFA analysis. Using cluster analysis, patients with similar clinical presentations could be separated into distinct ECM profiles that were associated with differential patient risk. Clinical significance remains to be determined.
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35
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Bolívar S, Noriega L, Ortega S, Osorio E, Rosales W, Mendoza X, Mendoza-Torres E. Novel Targets of Metformin in Cardioprotection: Beyond the Effects Mediated by AMPK. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:80-90. [PMID: 32386485 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200509232610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death globally. In the heart, the ischemia/reperfusion injury gives rise to a complex cascade of molecular signals, called cardiac remodeling, which generates harmful consequences for the contractile function of the myocardium and consequently heart failure. Metformin is the drug of choice in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical data suggest the direct effects of this drug on cardiac metabolism and studies in animal models showed that metformin activates the classical pathway of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), generating cardioprotective effects during cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, new studies have emerged about other targets of metformin with a potential role in cardioprotection. This state of the art review shows the available scientific evidence of the cardioprotective potential of metformin and its possible effects beyond AMPK. Targeting of autophagy, mitochondrial function and miRNAs are also explored as cardioprotective approaches along with a therapeutic potential. Further advances related to the biological effects of metformin and cardioprotective approaches may provide new therapies to protect the heart and prevent cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bolívar
- Healthcare Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Group, Facultad de Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad del Atlantico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Laura Noriega
- Healthcare Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Group, Facultad de Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad del Atlantico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Stefany Ortega
- Healthcare Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Group, Facultad de Quimica y Farmacia, Universidad del Atlantico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Estefanie Osorio
- Advaced Research Group in Biomedicine, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Wendy Rosales
- Advaced Research Group in Biomedicine, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Xilene Mendoza
- Universidad Metropolitana, Grupo de Investigacion en Medicina Traslacional (GIMET), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Evelyn Mendoza-Torres
- Advaced Research Group in Biomedicine, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Colombia
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36
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Tan Z, Jiang X, Zhou W, Deng B, Cai M, Deng S, Xu Y, Ding W, Chen G, Chen R, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Liu B, Zhang J. Taohong siwu decoction attenuates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting fibrosis proliferation and collagen deposition via TGFBR1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113838. [PMID: 33460756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiac remodeling and loss of function. Taohong siwu decoction (THSWD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been clinically used to treat various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but its potential functions in myocardial fibrosis after MI remain uncharacterized. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of current study was to explore the potential mechanism action and anti-myocardial fibrosis effects of treatment with THSWD in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse underwent ligation of coronary artery to induce MI and divided equally into the sham group, model group and THSWD treatment groups. After 4 weeks, the effects of THSWD treatment on cardiac function were estimated by echocardiography. HE staining was used to detect the pathologic changes and Masson trichrome staining was used to estimate tissue fibrosis. To further explore the regulatory molecular mechanisms of THSWD, transcriptome analysis was performed. Furthermore, in vitro, we investigated the effect of THSWD on cell proliferation and collagen deposition in primary cardiac fibrosis cells and its possible mechanism of action. Overexpression of TGFBR1 was achieved by infection with an adenovirus vector encoding TGFBR1. RESULTS Treatment with THSWD significantly decreased myocardial fibrosis and recovered cardiac function in the post-MI mouse. The transcriptomics data imply that the TGF-β pathway might be a target in the anti-fibrosis effect of THSWD. THSWD inhibits TGF-β1-induced proliferation of primary cardiac fibroblasts. THSWD decreased collagen expression and TGFBR1 and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of THSWD on CFs proliferation and collagen deposition, as well as TGFBR1 signaling pathway-associated proteins expression was partially abrogated by overexpression of TGFBR1. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results implicate that THSWD attenuates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting fibrosis proliferation and collagen deposition via inhibiting TGFBR1, and might be a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of myocardial fibrosis post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenyi Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Suihui Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Youcai Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shuangwei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Piamsiri C, Maneechote C, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Targeting necroptosis as therapeutic potential in chronic myocardial infarction. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:25. [PMID: 33836761 PMCID: PMC8034148 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Of these, myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of CVD mortality. MI is a life-threatening condition which occurs when coronary perfusion is interrupted leading to cardiomyocyte death. Subsequent to MI, consequences include adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction mainly contribute to the development of heart failure (HF). It has been shown that loss of functional cardiomyocytes in MI-induced HF are associated with several cell death pathways, in particular necroptosis. Although the entire mechanism underlying necroptosis in MI progression is still not widely recognized, some recent studies have reported beneficial effects of necroptosis inhibitors on cell viability and cardiac function in chronic MI models. Therefore, extensive investigation into the necroptosis signaling pathway is indicated for further study. This article comprehensively reviews the context of the underlying mechanisms of necroptosis in chronic MI-induced HF in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. These findings could inform ways of developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes in MI patients from this point forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanon Piamsiri
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Myocardial transcription of inflammatory and remodeling markers in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and systemic diseases associated with an inflammatory phenotype. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:484-494. [PMID: 33848803 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by macrophage-driven myocardial remodeling processes in a pro-inflammatory environment. To further investigate the mechanisms behind these processes, the myocardial transcription of cytokines and remodeling enzymes was comparatively assessed in cats with HCM and cats without cardiac diseases. Sixty-seven cats were included, 17 cats with HCM (including 5 with atrial thrombus; AT), and 50 cats without cardiac diseases. The latter comprised 10 control cats (no cardiac or relevant systemic disease), 34 cats with diseases suspected to be associated with a systemic inflammatory state of which 18 suffered from feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and 6 cats with multicentric lymphoma. Samples from atria, ventricular free walls and interventricular septum were examined using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The overall highest myocardial marker transcriptions were observed in cats with multicentric lymphoma, FIP and HCM, followed by diseases likely associated with a systemic inflammatory state, and control cats. Inflammatory marker transcription predominated in the myocardium of cats with systemic inflammatory diseases, whereas in HCM the transcription of remodeling enzymes prevailed. Sex significantly influenced the myocardial transcription of several remodeling enzymes. These results suggest a versatile myocardial response depending on the disease and illustrates the relevance of sex for the cardiac response to cardiac and systemic disease in cats. A systemic inflammatory state appears to elicit an inflammatory phenotype in the myocardium, whereas in HCM, the myocardium mediates its own remodeling. In HCM, the identified markers might be involved in the ongoing remodeling processes causing structural and functional changes.
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Whitehead AJ, Engler AJ. Regenerative cross talk between cardiac cells and macrophages. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2211-H2221. [PMID: 33769920 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00056.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aside from the first week postnatal, murine heart regeneration is restricted and responses to damage follow classic fibrotic remodeling. Recent transcriptomic analyses have suggested that significant cross talk with the sterile immune response could maintain a more embryonic-like signaling network that promotes acute, transient responses. However, with age, this response-likely mediated by neonatal yolk sac macrophages-then transitions to classical macrophage-mediated, cardiac fibroblast (CF)-based remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) after myocardial infarction (MI). The molecular mechanisms that govern the change with age and drive fibrosis via inflammation are poorly understood. Using multiple ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets, we attempt to resolve the relative contributions of CFs and macrophages in the bulk-healing response of regenerative (postnatal day 1) and nonregenerative hearts (postnatal day 8+). We performed an analysis of bulk RNA-Seq datasets from myocardium and cardiac fibroblasts as well as a single-cell RNA-Seq dataset from cardiac macrophages. MI-specific pathway differences revealed that nonregenerative hearts generated more ECM and had larger matricellular responses correlating with inflammation, produced greater chemotactic gradients to recruit macrophages, and expressed receptors for danger-associated molecular patterns at higher levels than neonates. These changes could result in elevated stress-response pathways compared with neonates, converging at NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling. Profibrotic gene programs, which greatly diverge on day 3 post MI, lay the foundation for chronic fibrosis, and thus postnatal hearts older than 7 days typically exhibit significantly less regeneration. Our analyses suggest that the macrophage ontogenetic shift in the heart postnatally could result in detrimental stress signaling that suppresses regeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Immediately postnatal mammalian hearts are able to regenerate after infarction, but the cells, pathways, and molecules that regulate this behavior are unclear. By comparing RNA-Seq datasets from regenerative mouse hearts and older, nonregenerative hearts, we are able to identify biological processes that are hallmarks of regeneration. We find that sterile inflammatory processes are upregulated in nonregenerative hearts, initiating profibrotic gene programs 3 days after myocardial infarction that can cause myocardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Whitehead
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
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Associations between TGF- β1 Levels and Markers of Hemolysis, Inflammation, and Tissue Remodeling in Pediatric Sickle Cell Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:4651891. [PMID: 33790690 PMCID: PMC7984885 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4651891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine with important involvement in biological processes related to the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD), including endothelial and vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and hematopoietic homeostasis. This study is aimed at investigating associations between levels of TGF-β1 and classical laboratory biomarkers and inflammatory mediators, as well as the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in pediatric patients (n = 123) with SCD in steady state: 84 with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) and 39 with hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC). A healthy control (HC) group of 59 individuals was also included. Hematological and biochemical analyses were carried out using electronic methods. TGF-β1, TIMP-1, and MMP-9 plasma quantifications were performed by ELISA. TGF-β1 plasma levels were higher in HbSS individuals than in HbSC and HC. In individuals with HbSS, TGF-β1 levels were positively correlated with red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and TIMP-1. In addition, HbSS individuals with TGF-β1 levels above the median (≥72.29 ng/mL) also presented increased monocyte counts and decreased albumin levels. In patients with HbSC, TGF-β1 levels were positively correlated with leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, as well as levels of TIMP-1, VLDL-C, triglycerides, heme, and AST. Additionally, HbSC individuals with TGF-β1 levels above the median (≥47.80 ng/mL) presented increased leukocyte and platelet counts, as well as increased levels of triglycerides, VLDL-C, MMP-9, and TIMP-1, and decreased HDL-C. Our findings suggest that TGF-β1 may play important roles in vascular remodeling, vasculopathy, angiogenesis, and inflammation in pediatric patients with SCD.
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Characterization of encapsulated porcine cardiosphere-derived cells embedded in 3D alginate matrices. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120454. [PMID: 33676988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is caused by an interruption of coronary blood flow, leading to one of the main death causes worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches are palliative and not able to solve the loss of cardiac tissue. Cardiosphere derived cells (CDCs) reduce scarring, and increase viable myocardium, with safety and adequate biodistribution, but show a low rate engraftment and survival after implantation. In order to solve the low retention, we propose the encapsulation of CDCs within three-dimensional alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate matrix as therapy for cardiac regeneration. In this work, we demonstrate the encapsulation of CDCs in alginate matrix, with no decrease in viability over a month, and showing the preservation of CDCs phenotype, differentiation potential, gene expression profile and growth factor release after encapsulation, moving a step forward to clinical translation of CDCs therapy in regeneration in heart failure.
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Bhattacharya A, Al-Sammarraie N, Gebere MG, Johnson J, Eberth JF, Azhar M. Myocardial TGFβ2 Is Required for Atrioventricular Cushion Remodeling and Myocardial Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8030026. [PMID: 33801433 PMCID: PMC7999251 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the three transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) ligands, TGFβ2 is essential for heart development and is produced by multiple cell types, including myocardium. Heterozygous mutations in TGFB2 in patients of connective tissue disorders result in congenital heart defects and adult valve malformations, including mitral valve prolapse (MVP) with or without regurgitation. Tgfb2 germline knockout fetuses exhibit multiple cardiac defects but the role of myocardial-TGFβ2 in heart development is yet to be elucidated. Here, myocardial Tgfb2 conditional knockout (CKO) embryos were generated by crossing Tgfb2flox mice with Tgfb2+/−; cTntCre mice. Tgfb2flox/− embryos were normal, viable. Cell fate mapping was done using dual-fluorescent mT/mG+/− mice. Cre-mediated Tgfb2 deletion was assessed by genomic PCR. RNAscope in situ hybridization was used to detect the loss of myocardial Tgfb2 expression. Histological, morphometric, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization analyses of CKOs and littermate controls at different stages of heart development (E12.5–E18.5) were used to determine the role of myocardium-derived TGFβ2 in atrioventricular (AV) cushion remodeling and myocardial development. CKOs exhibit a thin ventricular myocardium, AV cushion remodeling defects and developed incomplete AV septation defects. The loss of myocardial Tgfb2 resulted in impaired cushion maturation and dysregulated cell death. Phosphorylated SMAD2, a surrogate for TGFβ signaling, was “paradoxically” increased in both AV cushion mesenchyme and ventricular myocardium in the CKOs. Our results indicate that TGFβ2 produced by cardiomyocytes acting as cells autonomously on myocardium and via paracrine signaling on AV cushions are required for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.B.); (N.A.-S.); (M.G.G.); (J.J.); (J.F.E.)
| | - Nadia Al-Sammarraie
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.B.); (N.A.-S.); (M.G.G.); (J.J.); (J.F.E.)
| | - Mengistu G. Gebere
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.B.); (N.A.-S.); (M.G.G.); (J.J.); (J.F.E.)
| | - John Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.B.); (N.A.-S.); (M.G.G.); (J.J.); (J.F.E.)
| | - John F. Eberth
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.B.); (N.A.-S.); (M.G.G.); (J.J.); (J.F.E.)
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.B.); (N.A.-S.); (M.G.G.); (J.J.); (J.F.E.)
- William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Dorn Research Institute, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-216-3831
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Lu YG, Tan H, Ma Q, Li XX, Cui J, Zhang X, Liang XL, Tie YQ. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) prevents cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction through ERK/SMAD signaling pathway. Hum Cell 2021; 34:325-334. [PMID: 33415691 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. C57/BL6J mice were randomly administered with 3.0 mg/kg/day PHPS1 (PHPS1-treated group) or normal saline (model group) by intraperitoneal injection. After 4 weeks of infusion, the effects of PHPS1 on cardiac remodeling were evaluated. Echocardiography results showed that PHPS1 treatment aggravated the MI-induced deterioration of cardiac function, with worse cardiac function parameters. PHPS1 treatment significantly increased the infarcted area, as well as the fibrotic area and the expression of collagen I and collagen III. Western blots and immunofluorescence staining showed that PHPS1 treatment up-regulated the expression of p-GRK2, p-SMAD2/3 and p-ERK1/2, while U0126 reversed the effect of PHPS1. The present study indicated that PHPS1 treatment contributed to myocardial fibrosis and infarction by activating ERK/SMAD signaling pathway, suggesting that SHP-2 may be a promising treatment target for cardiac remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - He Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xue-Lei Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Tie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Tsai KL, Chou WC, Cheng HC, Huang YT, Chang MS, Chan SH. Anti-IL-20 Antibody Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Impaired Myocardial Function through Modulation of Oxidative Injuries, Inflammation and Cardiac Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020275. [PMID: 33578994 PMCID: PMC7916786 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most critical event in the disease spectrum of coronary artery disease. To rescue cardiomyocytes in AMI, it is important to restore blood supply as soon as possible to reduce ischemia-induced injury. However, worse damage can occur during the reperfusion phase, called the reperfusion injury. Under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, elevated oxidative stress plays a critical role in regulation of apoptosis, inflammation and remodeling of myocardium. Our previous study has demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-20 is increased during hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulation and promotes apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. This study was, therefore, designed to investigate whether IL-20 antibody could reduce I/R-induced myocardial dysfunction. Results from this study revealed that IL-20 antibody treatment significantly suppressed I/R-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, oxidative stress, apoptosis, proinflammatory responses, cardiac fibrosis, and expression of cardiac remodeling markers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level was also reduced by IL-20 antibody injection. IL-20 antibody treatment appeared to restore cardiac function under the I/R injury in terms of greater values of ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared to the control group. Two commonly used indicators of cardiac injury, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB, were also lower in the IL-20 antibody injection group. Taken together, our results suggested that IL-20 antibody holds the potential to reduce the I/R-elicited cardiac dysfunction by preventing cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (K.-L.T.); (W.-C.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (K.-L.T.); (W.-C.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Hui-Ching Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (K.-L.T.); (W.-C.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (K.-L.T.); (W.-C.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (S.-H.C.)
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Zbinden A, Layland SL, Urbanczyk M, Carvajal Berrio DA, Marzi J, Zauner M, Hammerschmidt A, Brauchle EM, Sudrow K, Fink S, Templin M, Liebscher S, Klein G, Deb A, Duffy GP, Crooks GM, Eble JA, Mikkola HKA, Nsair A, Seifert M, Schenke‐Layland K. Nidogen-1 Mitigates Ischemia and Promotes Tissue Survival and Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002500. [PMID: 33643791 PMCID: PMC7887579 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia impacts multiple organ systems and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Ischemia disrupts tissue homeostasis, driving cell death, and damages tissue structure integrity. Strategies to heal organs, like the infarcted heart, or to replace cells, as done in pancreatic islet β-cell transplantations, are often hindered by ischemic conditions. Here, it is discovered that the basement membrane glycoprotein nidogen-1 attenuates the apoptotic effect of hypoxia in cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β-cells via the αvβ3 integrin and beneficially modulates immune responses in vitro. It is shown that nidogen-1 significantly increases heart function and angiogenesis, while reducing fibrosis, in a mouse postmyocardial infarction model. These results demonstrate the protective and regenerative potential of nidogen-1 in ischemic conditions.
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Olivares-Silva F, Espitia-Corredor J, Letelier A, Vivar R, Parra-Flores P, Olmedo I, Montenegro J, Pardo-Jiménez V, Díaz-Araya G. TGF-β1 decreases CHOP expression and prevents cardiac fibroblast apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105041. [PMID: 33127435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a cytokine with marked pro-fibrotic action on cardiac fibroblasts (CF). TGF-β1 induces CF-to-cardiac myofibroblast (CMF) differentiation, defined by an increase in α-smooth muscle cells (α-SMA), collagen secretion and it has a cytoprotective effect against stimuli that induce apoptosis. In the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) lumen, misfolded protein accumulation triggers ER stress and induces apoptosis, and this process plays a critical role in cell death mediated by Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury and by ER stress inducers, such as Tunicamycin (Tn). Here, we studied the regulation of CHOP, a proapoptotic ER-stress-related transcription factor in CF under simulated I/R (sI/R) or exposed to Tn. Even though TGF-β1 has been shown to participate in ER stress, its regulatory effect on CF apoptosis and ER stress-induced by sI/R or TN has not been evaluated yet. CF from neonatal rats were exposed to sI/R, and cell death was evaluated by cell count and apoptosis by flow cytometry. ER stress was assessed by western blot against CHOP. Our results evidenced that sI/R (8/24) h or Tn triggers CF apoptosis and an increase in CHOP protein levels. TGF-β1 pre-treatment partially prevented apoptosis induced by sI/R or Tn. Furthermore, TGF-β1 pre-treatment completely prevented CHOP increase by sI/R or Tn. Additionally, we found a decrease in α-SMA expression induced by sI/R and in collagen secretion induced by Tn, which were not prevented by TGF-β1 treatment. In conclusion, TGF-β1 partially protects CF apoptosis induced by sI/R or Tn, through a mechanism that would involve ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Olivares-Silva
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Espitia-Corredor
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Letelier
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Vivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Parra-Flores
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Olmedo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Montenegro
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Pardo-Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Díaz-Araya
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro FONDAP Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT As an integral component of cardiac tissue, macrophages are critical for cardiac development, adult heart homeostasis, as well as cardiac healing. One fundamental function of macrophages involves the clearance of dying cells or debris, a process termed efferocytosis. Current literature primarily pays attention to the impact of efferocytosis on apoptotic cells. However, emerging evidence suggests that necrotic cells and their released cellular debris can also be removed by cardiac macrophages through efferocytosis. Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated that macrophage efferocytosis plays an essential role in cardiac pathophysiology and repair. Therefore, understanding macrophage efferocytosis would provide valuable insights on cardiac health, and may offer new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with heart failure. In this review, we first summarize the molecular signals that are associated with macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic cells, and then discuss how the linkage of efferocytosis to the resolution of inflammation affects cardiac function and recovery under normal and diseased conditions. Lastly, we highlight new discoveries related to the effects of macrophage efferocytosis on cardiac injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yutian
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Li Qianqian
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Bracco Gartner TCL, Stein JM, Muylaert DEP, Bouten CVC, Doevendans PA, Khademhosseini A, Suyker WJL, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J. Advanced In Vitro Modeling to Study the Paradox of Mechanically Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:100-114. [PMID: 33407000 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure, cardiac fibrosis is the result of an adverse remodeling process. Collagen is continuously synthesized in the myocardium in an ongoing attempt of the heart to repair itself. The resulting collagen depositions act counterproductively, causing diastolic dysfunction and disturbing electrical conduction. Efforts to treat cardiac fibrosis specifically have not been successful and the molecular etiology is only partially understood. The differentiation of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to extracellular matrix-depositing myofibroblasts is a hallmark of cardiac fibrosis and a key aspect of the adverse remodeling process. This conversion is induced by a complex interplay of biochemical signals and mechanical stimuli. Tissue-engineered 3D models to study cardiac fibroblast behavior in vitro indicate that cyclic strain can activate a myofibroblast phenotype. This raises the question how fibroblast quiescence is maintained in the healthy myocardium, despite continuous stimulation of ultimately profibrotic mechanotransductive pathways. In this review, we will discuss the convergence of biochemical and mechanical differentiation signals of myofibroblasts, and hypothesize how these affect this paradoxical quiescence. Impact statement Mechanotransduction pathways of cardiac fibroblasts seem to ultimately be profibrotic in nature, but in healthy human myocardium, cardiac fibroblasts remain quiescent, despite continuous mechanical stimulation. We propose three hypotheses that could explain this paradoxical state of affairs. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for future research, which should lead to a better understanding of fibroblast quiescence and activation, and ultimately to new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C L Bracco Gartner
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Stein
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitri E P Muylaert
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Division of Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Willem J L Suyker
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cell-Laden Bioactive Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels for Studying Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior in Myocardial Infarct-Stiffness Microenvironments. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:183-199. [PMID: 33432513 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) shows promise for restoring function after myocardial infarction (MI). However, cellular therapy has yet to be clinically translated, in part because of difficulty in studying how MSCs interact with the post-MI scar microenvironment. This study aimed to design an in vitro model to study MSC behavior in the post-MI scar stiffness microenvironment. METHODS Using poly(ethylene glycol)-acrylate (PEG) conjugated to bioactive peptides, rat MSCs were encapsulated in hydrogels of varying stiffnesses and crosslinking densities. Cell viability was assessed through 14 days using calcein and ethidium homodimer staining. To simulate post-MI pro-fibrotic signaling, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) was added to selected cultures. Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR were used to assess changes in cardiac transdifferentiation or paracrine secretion, two proposed methods of MSCs in cellular therapy. RESULTS Bioactivated PEG hydrogels with stiffnesses between 1.6 and 151.0 kPa were prepared. Rat MSCs demonstrated up to 71.6% viability after 3 days of encapsulated culture, and survived within the hydrogels up to 14 days. Encapsulation decreased MSC expression of cardiac troponin T and most growth factors, except interleukin-6. Meanwhile, TGFβ caused increased cardiac troponin T expression but decreased secreted factor expression. Varying hydrogel stiffness did not have an effect on cardiac troponin T or secreted factor expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a 3D microenvironment hinders two key mechanisms by which MSCs could improve cardiac function after post-MI scar formation, namely cardiac transdifferentiation and secreted factor production. Future studies incorporating MSCs other cell types should broaden understanding of the post-MI scar microenvironment.
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Frangogiannis NG, Kovacic JC. Extracellular Matrix in Ischemic Heart Disease, Part 4/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2219-2235. [PMID: 32354387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia and infarction, both in the acute and chronic phases, are associated with cardiomyocyte loss and dramatic changes in the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). It has long been appreciated that these changes in the cardiac ECM result in altered mechanical properties of ischemic or infarcted myocardial segments. However, a growing body of evidence now clearly demonstrates that these alterations of the ECM not only affect the structural properties of the ischemic and post-infarct heart, but they also play a crucial and sometimes direct role in mediating a range of biological pathways, including the orchestration of inflammatory and reparative processes, as well as the pathogenesis of adverse remodeling. This final part of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar reviews the evidence on the role of the ECM in relation to the ischemic and infarcted heart, as well as its contribution to cardiac dysfunction and adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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