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de Vries A, den Daas C, Willemstein IJM, de Wit JBF, Heijne JCM. Interventions Promoting Condom Use Among Youth: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:644-656. [PMID: 38085203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In many European and other high-income, Western countries, condom use has been decreasing among youth. A variety of promotional strategies to increase condom use exists. Our systematic review aimed to identify effective elements in interventions aimed at increasing condom use in youth. We searched databases (2010-2021) for intervention studies promoting condom use among youth in Western, high-income countries. The primary outcome was condom use; the secondary outcome was sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnoses. Effectiveness per intervention was defined based on the percentage of comparisons that showed significant increases in condom use and significant decreases in STIs. We compared the effectiveness of interventions for different participant-, intervention- and methodological characteristics. We included 74 papers describing 85 interventions in the review. Overall, the median intervention effectiveness was 33.3% (interquartile range = 0%-66.7%) for condom use and 0% (interquartile range = 0%-100%) for STI diagnoses. Intervention effectiveness for condom use was significantly higher in interventions tailored towards females and males specifically, compared with interventions applied to both sexes combined. Our findings show the difficulty in designing effective interventions to increase condom use among youth. Interventions aimed at either females or males were more effective in increasing condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcira de Vries
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Chantal den Daas
- Health Psychology Group and Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Inge J M Willemstein
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - John B F de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke C M Heijne
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Whitton A, Swahn MH, Culbreth R, Kasirye R. Attitudes and risky sexual behavior among youth in Kampala, Uganda: Empirical analyses of risk factors by gender. PEC INNOVATION 2022; 1:100090. [PMID: 36532298 PMCID: PMC9757820 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine gender differences and the influence of peer and parental perceptions on sexual risk behaviors among an at-risk sample of youth living in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS Using the cross-sectional Kampala Youth Survey (2014) based in Kampala, Uganda (n = 1134), bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine the odds of sexual risk behaviors based on peer and parental influence variables and gender. RESULTS The perceptions of peer, adult, and parental opinions on sexual activity were significantly associated with varying levels across all risky sexual behaviors explored. When indexed and adjusted for other variables, females compared to males were at increased odds of participating in 3-4 risky sexual behaviors (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) and 5-6 risky sexual behaviors (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.68) compared to zero risky sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent sexual risk behaviors are subject to peer and parental influence and vary between genders. INNOVATION This study emphasizes the importance of peer influences in adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Many of these youth are orphans, which may explain the lack of association between parental influences and sexual risk behavior. School-based and community-based interventions may be effective at preventing risky sexual behaviors for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina Whitton
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica H. Swahn
- Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Culbreth
- Toxicology Investigators Consortium, American College of Medical Toxicology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Chandler R, Ross H, Guillaume D. Innovative perception analysis of HIV prevention messaging for black women in college: a proof of concept study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1255. [PMID: 35752799 PMCID: PMC9233782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women in college are disproportionately affected by HIV, but have not been a population of focus for HIV prevention campaigns. This study used content from a preexisting HIV media campaign to assess its relevancy and acceptability among Black women in college. METHODS Media viewing and listening sessions were convened with Black women enrolled at an HBCU (n = 10) using perception analyzer technology-hardware and software tools that are calibrated to gather and interpret continuous, in-the-moment feedback. Matched pre-and-post-test responses from focus groups were obtained from the perception analyzer data. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to characterize the data. RESULTS Students were more likely to personally identify with media content that included profound statements, along with memorable people and actors [95% CI: 1.38, 2.27]. In over half of the vignettes, participants reported that content representing students' society, culture, or interests was missing. CONCLUSIONS HIV prevention media campaigns may offer potential in increasing HIV awareness and risk perceptions; further research is needed to evaluate optimal content tailoring for both cultural and climate relevancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheeta Chandler
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Henry Ross
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Center for Community Practice, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Dominique Guillaume
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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Culbreth R, Swahn MH, Salazar LF, Kasirye R, Musuya T. Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Risk Factors Among Youth in the Slums of Kampala. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11736-NP11755. [PMID: 31782337 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519889927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) among youth living in the slums of Kampala. This analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of youth living in the slums of Kampala conducted in spring 2014 (N = 1,134). The participants (12-18 years of age) were attending Uganda Youth Development Link centers, which serve youth living on the streets and slums of Kampala. Bivariate and multivariable multinomial analyses were conducted to examine risk factors associated with IPV victimization only, IPV perpetration only, and both IPV victimization and perpetration compared with no IPV victimization or perpetration. Among youth who reported having a boyfriend or girlfriend (n = 600), 18.3% (n = 110) reported experiencing both IPV victimization and perpetration, 11.0% (n = 66) reported IPV perpetration only, 7.7% (n = 46) reported experiencing IPV victimization only, and 63.0% (n = 378) reported no IPV experiences. In the multivariable analysis, IPV victimization only was associated with witnessing parental IPV (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.42, 5.48]), experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = [1.16, 4.46]), and neighborhood cohesiveness (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = [0.31, 1.69]). IPV perpetration was only associated with experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = [1.62, 5.07]). Reporting both IPV victimization and perpetration was associated with non-problem drinking (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = [1.15, 3.57]), problem drinking (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = [1.48, 4.74]), witnessing parental IPV (OR = 2.94; 95% CI = [1.80, 4.80]), experiencing parental physical abuse (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = [1.38, 3.60]), and homelessness (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = [1.14, 3.16]). Levels of IPV victimization and perpetration are very high in this population and warrant urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tina Musuya
- Center for Domestic Violence Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
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Kerr J, Ayangeakaa S, Combs R, Harris L, Sears J, Northington T, Burton K, Sterrett-Hong E, Parker K, Krigger K. Community-Informed Development of a Campaign to Increase HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness Among African-American Young Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:901-911. [PMID: 32869211 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention can help reduce racial/ethnic HIV disparities in the USA. However, the benefits of PrEP have not been equally distributed across races. Community-informed, culturally tailored media has the potential to increase PrEP awareness and acceptability among vulnerable African-American populations. More research is needed to identify media preferences around PrEP for these groups in order to optimize effectiveness of health messaging. This study details the development of a community-informed multimedia (print, digital, Internet radio, website, social media) campaign to increase PrEP awareness among African-American young adults (age 18-29 years). Eleven focus groups with African-American young adults and a community advisory board informed the intervention. Focus group participants expressed concerns with PrEP safety, efficacy, accessibility, the universality of HIV vulnerability, and representation. Campaign elements were then developed based on this feedback. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of culturally tailored multimedia PrEP campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelani Kerr
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Suur Ayangeakaa
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ryan Combs
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lesley Harris
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeanelle Sears
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | | | - Kelsey Burton
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Emma Sterrett-Hong
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Karen Krigger
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Zullig KJ, Valois RF, Hobbs GR, Romer D, Brown LK, DiClemente RJ, Vanable PA. Does Initiating Vaginal Sexual Intercourse During a Safer Sex Media Campaign Influence Life Satisfaction Among African American Adolescents? J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:40-45. [PMID: 31771924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Addressing adolescent sexual risk behaviors in the STI/HIV prevention literature is well documented; however, intervention impacts on life satisfaction are relatively unexplored. This study is a secondary analysis of data (N = 1,658) from a randomized, multisite, multilevel safer sex media campaign (Project iMPPACS) analyzing life satisfaction across baseline and follow-up data collected from 2006 to 2008 among participants (mean age 15.08 years) who reported never having had vaginal sex at baseline (n = 787). METHODS Participants were separated into groups based on whether they reported having vaginal sex (yes/no) at baseline. Then taking into account the nested study design and controlling for confounders, a mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance assessed whether differences in mean total life satisfaction (LS) were associated across time in the media and nonmedia study conditions separately by gender. RESULTS A significant interaction between time and media condition was detected (p = .039) where mean total LS increased +.065 units from baseline (M = 5.364) to last contact in media cities and decreased -.084 units from baseline (M = 5.557) to last contact in nonmedia cities when controlling for the effect of initiating vaginal sex. No significant differences in LS at baseline were observed between media and nonmedia intervention cities. Results by gender suggest most positive change in LS was observed for females with mixed findings for males. CONCLUSIONS Although Project iMPPACS was not designed with the intent on improving participants' life satisfaction, results advance the LS literature by demonstrating a temporal sequence for sexual risk taking and LS over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Gerald R Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Daniel Romer
- Adolescent Communication Institute, Public Policy Center, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Larry K Brown
- The Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Peter A Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health & Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
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Get Yourself Tested Goes to High School: Adapted Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Campaign and Associated Student Use of Clinic Sexually Transmitted Disease Testing Services. Sex Transm Dis 2020; 46:383-388. [PMID: 31095101 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an attempt to increase high school students' sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing rates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Adolescent and School Health partnered with ICF and Chicago Public Schools to adapt and implement the "GYT: Get Yourself Tested" health marketing campaign for a high school. METHODS Clinic record data and student retrospective self-report surveys (n = 193) tested for differences between the GYT intervention school and a comparison school on a number of outcomes, including human immunodeficiency virus and STD testing. RESULTS Clinic record data showed that testing increased significantly more for the intervention than the comparison school during the GYT implementation period (B, 2.9; SE, 1.1, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the odds of being tested at the referral clinic were more than 4 times (odds ratio, 4.4) as high for students in the campaign school than for those in the comparison school (95% confidence interval, 2.3-8.2). Survey data did not show increased self-reported testing but, more students in the GYT school (92.7%) were aware of where to receive free, low-cost, or affordable human immunodeficiency virus and STD testing than students in the comparison school (76.0%; P < 0.01). Among sexually experienced students (n = 142), significantly more from the campaign school reported that they intended to test for STDs in the next 3 months (48.4% strongly agree and 33.2% agree) compared with those at the comparison school (27.4% strongly agree and 32.9% agree; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our pilot suggests that a student-led GYT campaign in high schools may successfully increase STD testing of students. Although some of the findings from this pilot evaluation are promising, they are limited, and broader implementation and evaluation is needed. Future evaluation efforts can include more rigorous study designs, multiple schools or districts, longer campaign and evaluation across an entire school or calendar year, or in combination with other school-based testing strategies like a mass school-based screening event.
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The Prevalence and Context of Alcohol Use, Problem Drinking and Alcohol-Related Harm among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072451. [PMID: 32260246 PMCID: PMC7178083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and context of alcohol use, problem drinking and alcohol-related harm among boys and girls in the slums of Kampala, Uganda. METHODS The Kampala Youth Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 among youth (ages 12-18 years) living in the slums of Kampala (n = 1133) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL) centers. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in alcohol use behaviors between 1) gender (boys vs. girls), and 2) alcohol use behaviors between problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers, stratified by gender. RESULTS Among all participants (n = 1133), the prevalence of any alcohol use in the past 12 months was 31% (n = 346). A higher percentage of girl drinkers reported having sex in the past month, without a condom (57.9%) due to alcohol consumption, compared to boy drinkers (41.9%) ( χ 2 = 8.09, df = 1, p = 0.005). For girl and boy drinkers, nearly half (49.5% and 44.1%, respectively) met the criteria for problem drinkers, measured using the Cut-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye-Opener (CAGE) questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of alcohol use and problem drinking among youth, as well as alcohol-related harm, warrant urgent alcohol prevention and intervention strategies, particularly among these underserved girls.
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Culbreth R, Swahn MH, Salazar LF, Ametewee LA, Kasirye R. Risk Factors Associated with HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), and HIV/STI Co-infection Among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:1023-1031. [PMID: 30825036 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this analysis was to examine the associated factors of self-reported HIV/STI co-infection among youth living in the slums of Kampala. The study sample consists of a cross-sectional survey. Participants comprised a convenience sample (N = 1134) of youth living on the streets or in the slums (age 12-18). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between hypothesized risk factors and levels of HIV/STI co-infection, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Among the sample of youth who were sexually active (n = 586), 9.9% (n = 58) of youth reported HIV/STI co-infection. Among youth with HIV (13.8%), 71.6% reported a co-infection with another STI. In the multivariable analysis, youth with HIV/STI co-infection were more likely to engage in problem drinking (OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.08, 6.02) and drinking alcohol without problematic alcohol behavior (OR 3.43; 95% CI 1.60, 7.36). HIV/STI co-infection rates are high among youth living in the slums of Kampala and warrant urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Culbreth
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3984, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3984, USA
| | - Monica H Swahn
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3984, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3984, USA.
| | - Laura F Salazar
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3984, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3984, USA
| | - Lynnette A Ametewee
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3984, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3984, USA
| | - Rogers Kasirye
- Uganda Youth Developmental Link, P.O. Box 12659, Kampala, Uganda
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Valois RF, Kerr JC, Carey MP, Brown LK, Romer D, DiClemente RJ, Vanable PA. Neighborhood Stress and Life Satisfaction: Is there a Relationship for African American Adolescents? APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2020; 15:273-296. [PMID: 32042351 PMCID: PMC7009313 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-018-9679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study identified associations between perceived neighborhood stress and adolescents' perceptions of life satisfaction. African American adolescents aged 13-18 (n=1,658) from four matched, mid-sized cities in the northeastern and southeastern USA, completed a self-report questionnaire using an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI). Analyses examined relationships between perceived neighborhood stress and perceived life satisfaction, while controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Life satisfaction was found to be related to neighborhood stress for both males and females, with variability in neighborhood stress characteristics and in the magnitude of associations by gender. Further research should identify the particular characteristics of youth and specific aspects of adolescent life satisfaction associated with perceived neighborhood stress to develop community-based and culturally-sensitive quality of life improvement/health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA 803-917-5844 or 803-781-8302
| | - Jelani C Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Michael P Carey
- Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903 USA
| | - Larry K Brown
- Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903 USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Adolescent Communication Institute, Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
| | - Peter A Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
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Zullig KJ, Valois RF, Hobbs GR, Kerr JC, Romer D, Carey MP, Brown LK, DiClemente RJ, Vanable PA. Can a Multilevel STI/HIV Prevention Strategy for High Risk African American Adolescents Improve Life Satisfaction? JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2020; 21:417-436. [PMID: 33828410 PMCID: PMC8023228 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Addressing adolescent sexual risk behaviors in the STI/HIV prevention literature is well documented; however, impacts from interventions on life satisfaction are relatively unexplored. This study examined data (n = 1658) from a randomized, multi-site, multi-level STI/HIV prevention intervention trial (Project iMPAACS) to determine whether increased protective and reduced sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with STI/HIV would also improve self-reported life satisfaction. Taking into account the nested study design and controlling for confounders, a mixed model ANOVA was performed where Total mean life satisfaction scores were analyzed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-recruitment. Significance levels of 0.05 were used to determine significance and η 2 was used to assess effect size. We hypothesized that as intervention participants engaged in the intentional activity associated with increasing protective behaviors and reducing sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with STI/HIV, life satisfaction reports would also improve over the course of the intervention. A significant main effect for sex was detected (F = 5.19, p = .02, η 2 = .03), along with three interactions: between experimental condition and media intervention (F = 7.96, p = .005, η 2= .04); experimental condition, sex, and media intervention (F = 6.51, p = .01, η 2 = .04); and experimental condition, sex, assessment point, and media intervention (F = 3.23, p = .01, η 2 = .02). With the exception of the control condition, female life satisfaction reports improved from baseline assessments to 18-months post-recruitment, whereas male reports decreased. Project iMPPACS was not designed with the intent on improving participants' life satisfaction. However, study results suggest incorporating strategies to address subjective well-being into future adolescent STI/HIV risk-reduction interventions is beneficial for females and additional research is necessary for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9190-26506, USA
| | - Robert F. Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gerald R. Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jelani C. Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Public Policy Center, Annenberg School for Communication, Adolescent Communication Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Carey
- The Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Larry K. Brown
- The Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Peter A. Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Foley JD, Vanable PA, Brown LK, Carey MP, DiClemente RJ, Romer D, Valois RF. Depressive symptoms as a longitudinal predictor of sexual risk behaviors among African-American adolescents. Health Psychol 2019; 38:1001-1009. [PMID: 31380687 PMCID: PMC6800787 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding individual level factors associated with sexual risk behaviors among African-American adolescents remains an important public health priority. The current secondary data analysis examined the longitudinal association between a baseline assessment of depressive symptoms and sexual risk behaviors reported 6 months later; the purpose was to determine whether the association of depressive symptoms to risky sex varies as a function of gender. A secondary aim was to examine self-efficacy for sex refusal and condom use assessed at a 3-month follow-up as mediators of the depressive symptoms-sexual risk relationship. METHODS The sample consisted of 782 sexually active African-American adolescents (Mage = 15.3 years, SD = 1.08; 54% female) recruited to participate in a sexual health intervention trial. Data analyses focused on vaginal sex, and outcomes included: (a) sexual activity with 2 or more partners in the previous 3 months; (b) the relative frequency of condom use in the previous 3 months; (c) noncondom use at last occasion of sex; and (d) positive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening. RESULTS Depressive symptoms predicted sex with 2 more partners for female participants, but no other risk markers for the sample as a whole. However, there was a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on condomless sex via decreased condom use self-efficacy for both male and female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for HIV/STI prevention, in which behavioral interventions may benefit from modules that include a focus on the influence of mood on self-efficacy for safer sex practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Valois RF, Zullig KJ, Brown LK, Carey MP, Vanable PA, Romer D, DiClemente RJ. Is the Brief Multidimensional Student's Life Satisfaction Scale Valid and Reliable for African American Adolescents? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019; 50:344-355. [PMID: 32983312 PMCID: PMC7518648 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1662348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion/education strive to promote healthful conditions that improve quality of life1 based on the perceptions of those whose lives are affected.2-4 Though health promotion/education might have instrumental value in reducing risks for premature morbidity and mortality, their ultimate value lies in contributions to quality of life.1 Life satisfaction (LS) has been defined as an individual's assessment of their quality of life based upon personal criteria5,6 and linked to adolescent health risk behaviors7,8 and developmental assets.9. PURPOSE We investigated the psychometrics of the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale [BMSLSS] with an adolescent sample of African Americans (N=1,658) from four mid-sized cities in the United States (US). Reliability and validity of the BMSLSS has not been determined for samples of exclusively African American adolescents. METHODS Data analysis included calculating mean ratings, standard deviations and effect sizes (Cohen's d) and inspecting the scale's internal structure, reliability, and relationships to other variables. RESULTS Evidence of internal structure, internal consistency reliability, and hypothesized relationships to other variables for participants were determined. TRANSLATION TO HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICE The BMSLSS is a useful indicator of LS for research and health education assessment purposes among African American adolescents where brevity of psychometric measures is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Larry K Brown
- Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903 USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903 USA
| | - Peter A Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Adolescent Communication Institute, Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003 USA
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Relationship between disordered eating and self-identified sexual minority youth in a sample of public high school adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:565-573. [PMID: 28500620 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between selected disordered eating behaviors and self-reported sexual minority status (gay/lesbian, bisexual, and unsure) among a representative sample of high school adolescents. METHODS The 2013 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-sponsored Connecticut Youth Risk Behavior Survey was utilized (N = 2242). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses, separated by gender, examined sexual minority adolescents (gay/lesbian, bisexual, and unsure) and selected eating behaviors. Analyses adjusted for race, age, cigarette use, binge drinking, organized school activity participation, body mass index (BMI), and depression. RESULTS Gay males were significantly more likely to report exercising or eating less to lose weight in the unadjusted models (p < 0.05) and fasting, vomiting, and taking diet pills in both adjusted (p < 0.05) and unadjusted models (p < 0.01) when compared to the referent heterosexual males. Bisexual females were significantly more likely to report fasting, vomiting, and taking diet pills in the unadjusted model (p < 0.05) when compared to the referent heterosexual females and significantly less likely to report exercising or eating less to lose weight in the adjusted models (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although additional studies are needed owing to small sample sizes, preliminary findings support previous research suggesting that high school-aged sexual minority youth subgroups are a priority target population for increased efforts to prevent disordered eating.
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Dunne EM, Norris AL, Romer D, DiClemente RJ, Vanable PA, Valois RF, Brown LK, Carey MP. Problem Solving Reduces Sexual Risk Associated with Sensation Seeking, Substance Use, and Depressive Symptoms Among African-American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019; 28:113-118. [PMID: 32952380 PMCID: PMC7500528 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2019.1610679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African-American adolescents experience higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared to same-age Caucasian peers. Substance use, sensation seeking, and depression have all been linked to risky sexual practices. Theory suggests that problem-solving skills may help to buffer against these risk factors. METHOD To test this hypothesis, we used data from African-American adolescents (N = 1018; M age = 16.7, SD = 1.1; 58% female) who participated in a prevention trial. RESULTS Nearly half of the sample (47%) reported lifetime marijuana use, while 13% reported drug use prior to most recent sexual encounter. Sexual sensation seeking was directly associated with drug use prior to sex (β = 1.13, b = 0.13,
SE = 0.02, p < .001) and lower problem-solving skills (β = -0.08, b = -0.06,
SE = 0.02, p = .01). Problem-solving skills were associated with drug use prior to sex (β = 0.92, b = -0.08, SE = 0.03, p = .004), such that those with greater problem-solving skills were less likely to report drug use prior to most recent sex. Lastly, problem solving skills mediated the association between sexual sensation seeking and drug use prior to sex, though the effect was small (β = 0.01, 95% CI: .001, .01). CONCLUSIONS Problem-solving skills can have a protective influence on risky behavior for adolescents. Future research might examine the utility of strengthening problem-solving skills in order to reduce STI/HIV risk among African American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M. Dunne
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Alyssa L. Norris
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Robert F. Valois
- Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Michael P. Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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Ortiz RR, Shafer A. Unblurring the lines of sexual consent with a college student-driven sexual consent education campaign. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:450-456. [PMID: 29405854 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1431902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of a college student-driven sexual consent education campaign to improve college students' sexual consent understanding. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students (N = 992) at a large, public Midwestern university between March and December 2015. METHODS Three online survey questionnaires assessing relevant outcome measures were distributed to the university's undergraduate student population before, during, and after the campaign's implementation over two consecutive academic semesters. RESULTS Exposure to the campaign and the sexual consent understanding of the student population improved over time. College men and members of university-affiliated social sororities or fraternities resulted in greater improvement than their respective counterparts (i.e., college women, nonmembers). CONCLUSIONS Sexual consent education campaigns for college students that are student-driven and address relevant sociocultural factors while authentically interacting with students can improve students' sexual consent understanding. These type of campaigns also have the opportunity to reach historically hard-to-reach audiences, such as college men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Ortiz
- a S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Autumn Shafer
- b School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA
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Swahn MH, Buchongo P, Kasirye R. Risky Behaviors of Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala: A Closer Examination of Youth Participating in Vocational Training Programs. VULNERABLE CHILDREN AND YOUTH STUDIES 2018; 13:276-290. [PMID: 31452668 PMCID: PMC6709978 DOI: 10.1080/17450128.2018.1489168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining formal education is associated with a decreased risk of HIV transmission among youth in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the role vocational skills training programs may have on risk behaviors linked to HIV transmission among vulnerable youth in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the characteristics and risk behaviors among vulnerable youth who receive vocational skills training by a community-based organization. Empirical analyses were conducted using a cross-sectional survey administered in 2014 to youth (ages 12 to 18 years) in the slums of Kampala (N=1134). Five multivariable logistic regression models were computed to determine the association between participating in a vocational training program and self-reported risk behaviors pertaining to alcohol use, lack of condom use, sex with multiple partners, and transactional sex. In our study, 29.6% of youth attended a vocational training program. Our findings show that youth who participated in vocational training were more likely to report often feeling hopeful (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0) and less likely to report alcohol use (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) than those not attending vocational training programs, in multivariable analyses. Overall, findings varied for males and females. These findings, while preliminary, indicate that self-reported behaviors associated with risk for HIV transmission vary in some respects for youth participating in vocational training versus those who do not. However, additional research is needed, as are evaluations of the benefits and potential impact of vocational training in both the short and long-term for vulnerable youth in resource-poor settings and with limited access to formal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica H. Swahn
- Distinguished Professor, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Partnership for Urban Health Research School of Public Health, Georgia State University 140 Decatur St. SE Atlanta, GA 30303,
| | - Portia Buchongo
- Georgia State University School of Public Health, 140 Decatur St. SE Atlanta, GA 30303
- Corresponding:
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Hood KB, Shook NJ, Belgrave FZ. "Jimmy Cap Before You Tap": Developing Condom Use Messages for African American Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:651-664. [PMID: 27136298 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1168351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined which characteristics of persuasive communications are most effective in changing African American women's condom use attitudes. Focus groups were convened with 40 African American women (Mage = 25.54, SD = 4.67) to assess their opinions on current effective strategies used to promote condom use among their peers. Participants discussed effective characteristics of messaging campaigns (i.e., source, message type, channel) and how these could be used in future prevention messages. Findings revealed that making messages that are fun, catchy, and informative, delivered frequently through social media, TV, or radio by a peer or celebrity would be perceived as most effective in changing young African American women's attitudes. Other themes that emerged were that condom use is more strongly associated with pregnancy prevention than HIV prevention and that sexual partners were perceived to have negative condom use attitudes. Recommendations centered on increasing exposure of HIV prevention messages by placing messages on the Internet and including a funny phrase or jingle in the message so that it is easy to remember and could potentially serve as a conversation starter for discussing safe sex with partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faye Z Belgrave
- c Center for Cultural Experiences in Prevention , Virginia Commonwealth University
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Valois RF, Zullig KJ, Revels AA. Aggressive and Violent Behavior and Emotional Self-Efficacy: Is There a Relationship for Adolescents? THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:269-277. [PMID: 28260243 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this cross-sectional study we explored relationships between aggressive and violent behaviors and emotional self-efficacy (ESE) in a statewide sample of public high school adolescents in South Carolina (N = 3836). METHODS The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey items on aggressive and violent behavior items and an adolescent ESE scale were used. Logistic regression analyses and multivariate models constructed separately, revealed significant race by sex findings. RESULTS Results suggest that carrying a weapon to school (past 30 days) and being threatened or injured with a gun, knife, or club at school (past 12 months) were significantly associated (p < .05) with reduced ESE for specific race/sex groups. CONCLUSIONS Results have implications for school- and community-based mental health services and social and emotional learning and aggression/violence prevention programs for adolescents. Measures of ESE as a component of comprehensive assessments of adolescent mental health, social and emotional learning and aggressive/violent behaviors in fieldwork, research, and program-evaluation efforts should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School or Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Asa A Revels
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
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Friedman DB, Gibson A, Torres W, Irizarry J, Rodriguez J, Tang W, Kannaley K. Increasing Community Awareness About Alzheimer's Disease in Puerto Rico Through Coffee Shop Education and Social Media. J Community Health 2016; 41:1006-12. [PMID: 26983930 PMCID: PMC5011439 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in Puerto Rico. Using multi-media resources and in-person education may be an effective approach to improve knowledge and awareness of AD. The Un Café por el Alzheimer program in Puerto Rico incorporates an education component at coffee shops and a social media campaign using Facebook. The current study evaluates this initiative through an analysis of pre/post education survey results and social media content and use. Surveys contained close-ended and open-ended questions to understand participants' perceptions and knowledge about AD. Post-education surveys also included questions related to program satisfaction. Social media analysis of the Facebook community page examined posts from March 1 to September 30, 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey and Facebook data. Four education sessions were conducted with a total of 212 participants. Fifty-one of the participants completed both pre- and post-surveys. Following the education program participants reported improved knowledge of risk and protective factors. All participants reported learning new information from the program. There were a total of 250 posts on the Un Café por el Alzheimer community Facebook page; 168 posts related to AD. The Facebook page reached 294,109 people, with 9963 page likes, 610 comments, 17,780 post clicks, and 3632 shares. There was an average increase of 64.8 % in number of people reached by the Facebook page following the education sessions. The approach of combining social media resources and in-person education is beneficial to increase public awareness of AD and disseminate health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela B Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Andrea Gibson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | - Weizhou Tang
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kristie Kannaley
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Health Communication and Social Marketing Campaigns for Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control: What Is the Evidence of their Effectiveness? Sex Transm Dis 2016; 43:S83-101. [PMID: 26779691 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the ubiquity of sex in the media, a culture of silence surrounds sexual health in the United States, serving as a barrier to sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention, testing, and treatment. Campaigns can increase STD-related knowledge, communication, and protective behaviors. This review assesses the effectiveness of STD prevention and testing campaigns in the United States to inform the field on their use as a strategy for affecting behavior change. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify original research articles, published between 2000 and 2014, which report on US media campaigns promoting community- or population-level STD testing or prevention behaviors and are evaluated for impact on one or more behavioral outcomes. Titles and abstracts were independently reviewed by 2 researchers. RESULTS The review yielded 26 articles representing 16 unique STD testing and/or prevention campaigns. Most campaigns were developed using formative research and social marketing or behavioral theory. Most campaigns (68.75%) used posttest-only or pretest-posttest designs without comparison groups for evaluation; only 5 campaigns used control groups, and these proved challenging (i.e., achieving necessary exposure and avoiding contamination). Nearly all campaigns found differences between exposed and unexposed individuals on one or more key behavioral outcomes. Several campaigns found dose-response relationships. Among evaluations with uncontaminated control groups whose campaigns achieved sufficient exposure, sustained campaign effects were observed among targeted populations. CONCLUSIONS Current findings suggest that campaigns can impact targeted STD-related behaviors and add to the evidence that greater exposure is associated with greater behavior change.
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Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risks of Sex Work among Youth in the Slums of Kampala. AIDS Res Treat 2016; 2016:5360180. [PMID: 27239340 PMCID: PMC4864562 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5360180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for engaging in sex work among youth living in Kampala, Uganda. Methods. Analyses are based on a cross-sectional study (N = 1,134) of youth aged 12-18 years, living in the slums of Kampala, conducted in Spring of 2014. The analytic sample consisted of only sexually active youth (n = 590). Youth who reported engaging in sex work were compared to youth who did not report sex work. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with sex work. Results. Among the youth who had ever had sexual intercourse (n = 590), 13.7% (n = 81) reported engaging in sex work. Self-reported HIV prevalence was 13.9% among the total sample (n = 81) and 22.5% (n = 18) among youth engaged in sex work. Engaging in sex work was associated with being female (AOR 10.4; 95% CI: 3.9, 27.4), being an orphan (AOR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.7, 8.4), ever drinking alcohol (AOR 8.3; 95% CI 3.7, 19.0), and experiencing any rape (AOR 5.3; 95% CI: 2.9, 9.5). Discussion. The reported prevalence of sex work is high among youth in the slums of Kampala and is associated with high HIV prevalence, ever drinking alcohol, previously being raped, and being an orphan.
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Zullig KJ, Matthews-Ewald MR, Valois RF. Weight perceptions, disordered eating behaviors, and emotional self-efficacy among high school adolescents. Eat Behav 2016; 21:1-6. [PMID: 26697720 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although emotional disorders and disordered eating behaviors are known to be related, the relationship between emotional self-efficacy (ESE) and disordered eating is unknown. This study examined the relationship between ESE and disordered eating in a statewide sample of public high school adolescents (n=2566). The Centers for Disease Control Youth Risk Behavior Survey and an adolescent ESE scale were utilized. Logistic regression adjusted for key covariates explored the relationship between low ESE and disordered eating among selected race and gender groups. Self-perceived weight as underweight or overweight; and dieting, vomiting or taking laxatives, taking diet pills, and fasting to lose weight were each associated (p<.05) with lower levels of ESE for certain race/gender groups. Findings provide increased justification for tailoring disordered eating interventions and treatments to accommodate the highest risk groups. Measures of ESE should be considered for adolescent mental health assessments in fieldwork, research, and evaluation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, United States.
| | | | - Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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Valois RF, Kerr JC, Hennessy M, DiClemente RJ, Brown LK, Carey MP, Vanable PA, Farber NB, Salazar LF, Romer D. Perceived Difficulty of Performing Selected HIV/AIDS Preventive Behaviors and Life Satisfaction: Is there a Relationship for African American Adolescents? AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1288-97. [PMID: 25227680 PMCID: PMC4363292 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between adolescent health risk behaviors, sexual risk behaviors in particular, and perceived life satisfaction is emerging. Some researchers suggest that life satisfaction has been a neglected component of adolescent health research. African American adolescents aged 13-18 (n = 1,658) from four matched, mid-sized cities in the northeastern and southeastern USA, completed a self-report questionnaire via Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview. Analyses were conducted to examine relationships between perceived difficulty in performing HIV/AIDS preventive behavior and perceived life satisfaction, while controlling for socioeconomic status. Results suggest that perceived life satisfaction is related to perceived difficulty in performing HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors, for both males and females, with variability in the magnitude of associations by gender. Further research is necessary to identify the particular characteristics of youth and specific aspects of adolescent life satisfaction associated with perceived difficulty in performing HIV/AIDS preventive behavior to develop gender-appropriate and culturally-sensitive quality of life/health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Valois
- Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Family & Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public, Health and Medicine, University of South Carolina, 915 Green Street, Discovery 1 Building, Room 534, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA,
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Kerr JC, Valois RF, Siddiqi A, Vanable P, Carey MP, DiClemente RJ, Romer D, Brown LK, Farber NB, Salazar LF. Neighborhood Condition and Geographic Locale in Assessing HIV/STI Risk Among African American Adolescents. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1005-13. [PMID: 25108404 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although region and neighborhood condition's effect on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk has been studied separately, there is little research examining their interplay. African American adolescents (n = 1,602) from four matched cities in the Northeastern and Southeastern US completed Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviews and submitted biospecimen samples to detect Sexually Transmitted Infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas). Logistic and negative binomial regressions determined HIV/STI risk differences by region, neighborhood stress, and stress-region dyads. Northeastern participants demonstrated lower HIV/STI risk while participants from higher stress neighborhoods exhibited greater risk. Relationships between neighborhood condition and ever having anal sex (p < 0.01), anal condom use (p < 0.05), and number of anal partners (p < 0.05) were significant in the Northeast only. Participants in unstressed Northeastern neighborhoods were less likely to have vaginal sex than those in comparable Southeastern neighborhoods (p < 0.05). Participants in unfavorable Northeastern neighborhoods had fewer anal partners than participants in comparable Southeastern neighborhoods (p < 0.01). In concert, neighborhood and region differentially affect HIV/STI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelani C Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,
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Kerr JC, Valois RF, DiClemente RJ, Carey MP, Stanton B, Romer D, Fletcher F, Farber N, Brown LK, Vanable PA, Salazar LF, Juzang I, Fortune T. The effects of a mass media HIV-risk reduction strategy on HIV-related stigma and knowledge among African American adolescents. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2015; 29:150-6. [PMID: 25738952 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2014.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-related stigma undermines HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. Multipronged risk-reduction strategies may reduce stigma among African American adolescents. To test the effectiveness of a risk-reduction strategy in addressing stigma, 1613 African American adolescents from four mid-sized cities participated in a randomized control trial. Participants received a sexual-risk reduction [Focus on Youth (FOY)] or general health curriculum [Promoting Health Among Teens (PHAT)]. Two cities received a culturally-tailored media intervention. Participants completed baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month surveys to measure HIV-related stigma and knowledge. Analysis of covariance tested for stigma and knowledge differences by media city status and curriculum/media city status (PHAT media vs. PHAT non-media, FOY media vs. FOY non-media; FOY media vs. PHAT media; FOY non-media vs. PHAT non-media) at each measurement. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) determined stigma and knowledge differences over time. Media participants demonstrated greater HIV-related knowledge (p<0.10) at 6 months and lower stigma at 3 months (p<0.10). FOY media participants had lower 3-month (p<0.05) and 12-month (p<0.10) stigma scores than non-media FOY participants. FOY media and non-media participants had greater knowledge than PHAT for all intervals after baseline. FOY media had lower stigma than PHAT media after baseline for all intervals after baseline. HLM indicated greater knowledge slopes for the media group (p<0.05). FOY media participants had greater knowledge slopes (p<0.05) relative to non-media FOY participants and media PHAT participants (p<0.01). A combination of a HIV risk-reduction curriculum and culturally-tailored media demonstrated some effectiveness in reducing stigma. Future use of media in HIV-prevention should include and evaluate effects on stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelani C. Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert F. Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael P. Carey
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bonita Stanton
- Wayne State University, Department of Pediatrics, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - Faith Fletcher
- Community Health Sciences Division, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Naomi Farber
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Larry K. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter A. Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health & Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Laura F. Salazar
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ivan Juzang
- Motivational Educational Entertainment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thierry Fortune
- Motivational Educational Entertainment, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zullig KJ, Teoli DA, Valois RF. Emotional self-efficacy and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2015; 44:51-66. [PMID: 25721321 DOI: 10.1177/0047237915573526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined relationships between emotional self-efficacy (ESE) and alcohol and tobacco use in a statewide sample of public high school adolescents (n = 2,566). The Center for Disease Control Youth Risk Behavior Survey and an adolescent ESE scale were utilized. Logistic regression analyses indicated the presence of any significant race by gender associations between lower ESE and alcohol and tobacco use. Results suggest that alcohol and cigarette use was significantly associated (p ≤ .05) with lower levels of ESE for certain race/gender groups. Results have implications for school- and community-based mental health services and substance use prevention/education programs for adolescents. Measures of ESE as a component of comprehensive assessments of adolescent mental health in fieldwork, research, and substance abuse prevention/education program evaluation efforts should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dac A Teoli
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Rogers EA, Fine S, Handley MA, Davis H, Kass J, Schillinger D. Development and early implementation of the bigger picture, a youth-targeted public health literacy campaign to prevent type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014; 19 Suppl 2:144-160. [PMID: 25315590 PMCID: PMC4217646 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2014.940476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly rising, especially among minority and low-income youth. There is an unmet need to engage youth in identifying solutions to reverse this trajectory. Social marketing campaigns and entertainment education are effective forms of health communication for engaging populations in health-promoting behaviors. Critical to curbing the epidemic is moving the diabetes conversation away from individual behavior alone and toward a socioecologic perspective using a public health literacy framework. The authors developed an academic-community partnership to develop, implement, and evaluate a type 2 diabetes prevention campaign targeting minority and low-income youth. The Bigger Picture campaign uses hard-hitting, youth-generated spoken-word messages around key environmental and social drivers of the type 2 diabetes epidemic. Campaign goals included promoting health capacity and civic engagement. This article focuses on the development and implementation of the campaign, including (a) rationale and theoretical underpinnings, (b) steps in campaign creation, (c) testing the campaign messaging, and (d) campaign dissemination and evaluation planning. A youth-created health communication campaign using a public health literacy framework with targeted, relevant, and compelling messaging appears to be a promising vehicle for reaching at-risk youth to increase knowledge of and attitudes about preventing type 2 diabetes, change social norms, and motivate participation in health-promoting initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rogers
- a Applied Clinical Research Program , University of Minnesota School of Medicine , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
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