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Sillice MA, Nelson T, Jennings E, Holland CC, Bock BC. Assessing Hair Concerns and Physical Activity Measures Among African American Women: a Mixed-Method Exploratory Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:226-237. [PMID: 36648622 PMCID: PMC10350471 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on the association between hair concerns and physical activity (PA) constructs among African American (AA) women is lacking. Demographics such as age and income are indicated to influence hair concerns. In this study, quantitative methods were used to assess demographic differences in hair concerns and associations between hair concerns and PA. Qualitative interviewing explored AA women's views about their hair and engagement in PA. METHODS Participants (n = 48; M age = 37.57, SD = 13.72) completed a survey that included demographics, hair type and hairstyle management (HTHM), decisional balance (pros, cons), perceived benefits and perceived barriers scale, and level of physical activity. HTHM consists of six items measuring different factors related to hair concerns. 25 completed a qualitative interview. Chi-square or analysis of variance tests were conducted as appropriate. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Proportion differences were noted between age groups (≤ 32 vs. ≥ 33) and average cost of haircare per month (p = .048). A statistically significant effect was noted for average monthly haircare cost and pros (p = .05), and for alter behavior due to hair concerns and perceived benefits to physical activity (p = .05). For level of physical activity, proportion differences were noted between exercisers and non-exercisers for average minutes spent on hair care (p = .009). Qualitative results showed few participants view hair concern as an important barrier to PA. Some participants suggested strategies for overcoming hair concerns to exercise (e.g., braids, twists). CONCLUSION Implications of findings including development of PA intervention approaches that may appeal to AA women are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Aline Sillice
- City University of New York School of Public & Health Policy, 55 W 125Th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Tamara Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
| | - Ernestine Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Curtis C Holland
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Beth C Bock
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
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Kalinowski J, Idiong C, Blackman-Carr L, Cooksey Stowers K, Davis S, Pan C, Chhabra A, Eaton L, Gans KM, Alexander JE, Pagoto S. Leveraging the Black Girls Run Web-Based Community as a Supportive Community for Physical Activity Engagement: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43825. [PMID: 37676722 PMCID: PMC10514768 DOI: 10.2196/43825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 59%-73% of Black women do not meet the recommended targets for physical activity (PA). PA is a key modifiable lifestyle factor that can help mitigate risk for chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension that disproportionately affect Black women. Web-based communities focused on PA have been emerging in recent years as web-based gathering spaces to provide support for PA in specific populations. One example is Black Girls Run (BGR), which is devoted to promoting PA in Black women. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the content shared on the BGR public Facebook page to provide insight into how web-based communities engage Black women in PA and inform the development of web-based PA interventions for Black women. METHODS Using Facebook Crowdtangle, we collected posts (n=397) and associated engagement data from the BGR public Facebook page for the 6-month period between June 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. We pooled data in Dedoose to analyze the qualitative data and conducted a content analysis of qualitative data. We quantified types of posts, post engagement, and compared post types on engagement: "like," "love," "haha," "wow," "care," "sad," "angry," "comments," and "shares." RESULTS The content analysis revealed 8 categories of posts: shout-outs to members for achievements (n=122, 31%), goals or motivational (n=65, 16%), announcements (n=63, 16%), sponsored or ads (n=54, 14%), health related (n=47, 11%), the lived Black experience (n=23, 6%), self-care (n=15, 4%), and holidays or greetings (n=8, 2%). The 397 posts attracted a total of 55,354 engagements (reactions, comments, and shares). Associations between the number of engagement and post categories were analyzed using generalized linear models. Shout-out posts (n=22,268) elicited the highest average of total user engagement of 181.7 (SD 116.7), followed by goals or motivational posts (n=11,490) with an average total engagement of 160.1 (SD 125.2) and announcements (n=7962) having an average total engagement of 129.9 (SD 170.7). Significant statistical differences were found among the total engagement of posts (χ72=80.99, P<.001), "like" (χ72=119.37, P<.001), "love" (χ72=63.995, P<.001), "wow" (χ72=23.73, P<.001), "care" (χ72=35.06, P<.001), "comments" (χ72=80.55, P<.001), and "shares" (χ72=71.28, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The majority of content on the BGR Facebook page (n=250, 63%) was focused on celebrating member achievements, motivating members to get active, and announcing and promoting active events. These types of posts attracted 75% of total post engagement. BGR appears to be a rich web-based community that offers social support for PA as well as culturally relevant health and social justice content. Web-based communities may be uniquely positioned to engage minoritized populations in health behavior. Further research should explore how and if web-based communities such as BGR can be interwoven into health interventions and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolaade Kalinowski
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Christie Idiong
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Loneke Blackman-Carr
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Shardé Davis
- Department of Communication, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Cindy Pan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Alisha Chhabra
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Lisa Eaton
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Kim M Gans
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Palmer KNB, Rivers PS, Melton FL, McClelland DJ, Hatcher J, Marrero DG, Thomson CA, Garcia DO. Health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in U.S. barbershops and hair salons- a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1553. [PMID: 34399723 PMCID: PMC8365990 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American adults suffer disproportionately from obesity-related chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. In order to close the gap in these health disparities, efforts to develop and test culturally appropriate interventions are critical. METHODS A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted to identify and critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons. Subject headings and keywords used to search for synonyms of 'barbershops,' 'hair salons,' and 'African Americans' identified all relevant articles (from inception onwards) from six databases: Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index). Experimental and quasi-experimental studies for adult (> 18 years) African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons that evaluated interventions focused on risk reduction/management of obesity-related chronic disease: cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes were included. Analyses were conducted in 2020. RESULTS Fourteen studies met criteria for inclusion. Ten studies hosted interventions in a barbershop setting while four took place in hair salons. There was substantial variability among interventions and outcomes with cancer the most commonly studied disease state (n = 7; 50%), followed by hypertension (n = 5; 35.7%). Most reported outcomes were focused on behavior change (n = 10) with only four studies reporting clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Health promotion interventions delivered in barbershops/hair salons show promise for meeting cancer screening recommendations and managing hypertension in African Americans. More studies are needed that focus on diabetes and obesity and utilize the hair salon as a site for intervention delivery. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020159050 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. B. Palmer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - Patrick S. Rivers
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - Forest L. Melton
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - D. Jean McClelland
- Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jennifer Hatcher
- Division of Public Health Practice, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, 550 E. Van Buren Street, UA Phoenix Plaza Building 1, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA
| | - David G. Marrero
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
| | - David O. Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202 USA
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Onyegbule P, Iyiegbuniwe E, Sarter B, James KS. Evidence-based intervention program for reducing obesity among African-American women in Southern California. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:350-356. [PMID: 33496008 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effectiveness of group motivational education and empowerment program using evidence-based approaches for obesity and weight loss management for African-American Women. DESIGN This study employed a quasi-experimental time series design based on the theoretical frameworks of the Empowerment and Health Belief models. SAMPLE Twenty-eight African-American Women were recruited into culturally appropriate and responsive weight-loss management program. MEASUREMENTS The weight management programs consisted of nutrition education, physical activities, and focus-group sessions. Measurements included analysis of blood samples for cholesterol, waistline, body mass index, and exercise time. Statistical analysis compared program outcomes at baseline and 3-month intervals for 1 year. INTERVENTION Participants were educated on healthy food choices and physical activities based on National Institutes of Health's food guidelines. RESULTS The results showed that 90% of participants lost 20 pounds or more and 82% had 6 inches or more waist circumference reductions. Additionally, cholesterol reductions and improved nutrition knowledge and exercises were significant. CONCLUSIONS We developed an evidence-based and culturally appropriate intervention for weight-loss management among African-American women. Acceptance of personal responsibility to modify behaviors, knowledge of good nutrition, and engagement in physical activities were positive and effective health behavioral changes in promoting health and weight-loss management for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Onyegbule
- Alliance Clinic, African Alliance Health Clinic, Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Sarter
- Advance Practice, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Shadle James
- Advance Practice and Research, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Hair Maintenance and Chemical Hair Product Usage as Barriers to Physical Activity in Childhood and Adulthood among African American Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249254. [PMID: 33322020 PMCID: PMC7762987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative studies have identified haircare practices as important culturally specific barriers to physical activity (PA) among Black/African American (AA) women, but quantitative investigations are lacking. Using the Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids data among 1558 Black/AA women, we investigated associations between hair product usage/hair maintenance behaviors and PA during childhood and adulthood. Participants reported childhood and current chemical relaxer and leave-in conditioner use. Self-reported PA included childhood recreational sports participation, leisure-time PA engagement during adulthood, and, at each life stage, minutes of and intensity of PA. Adjusting for socioeconomic and health characteristics, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each PA measure for more vs. less frequent hair product use/hair maintenance. Thirty-four percent reported ≥twice/year chemical relaxer use and 22% reported ≥once/week leave-in conditioner use at age 10 years, and neither were associated with PA at age 10 years. In adulthood, ≥twice/year chemical relaxer users (30%) were less likely (PR = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.79-1.02]) and ≥once/week leave-in conditioner users (24%) were more likely (PR = 1.09 [95% CI: 0.99-1.20]) to report intense PA compared to counterparts reporting rarely/never use. Hair product use/maintenance may influence PA among Black/AA women and impact cardiometabolic health disparities.
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Blackshear TB, Kilmon K. Natural Hair: a Vital Component to Black Women's Health. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:1573-1582. [PMID: 33201404 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hair is a barrier to physical activity engagement for Black women. Eurocentric and straight hairstyles have shown to compromise Black women's health; yet, the health implications of these hair practices have garnered little attention. This study examines the impact of natural hair on physical activity behaviors and health profiles among Black women. Sixty-nine Black women (ages 18-51) affiliated with a large predominately White institution completed demographic and hair questionnaires, Godin's Leisure-Time Exercise questionnaire, Rosenburg's self-esteem scale, and the Bankhead-Johnson hair-esteem scale. Body composition was assessed using waist circumference and body mass index. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and percentages were employed to determine health status in each measure. Correlation analysis determined associations between each variable. Black women with natural hair were physically active, and had positive hair- and self-esteem profiles. Body composition was high; however, BMI metrics used are inappropriate for Black women. The authors conclude that natural hair may be a catalyst for Black women to improve mental and physical health. Afrocentric approaches that include affirmations of natural hairstyles are recommended to increase the effectiveness of health and physical activity promotion efforts that target Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara B Blackshear
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Burdick Hall 121L, Towson, MD, 21252, USA.
| | - Kelsey Kilmon
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
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Palmer K, Rivers P, Melton F, McClelland J, Hatcher J, Marrero DG, Thomson C, Garcia DO. Protocol for a systematic review of health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in US barbershops and hair salons. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035940. [PMID: 32341046 PMCID: PMC7204845 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African American adults are disproportionately burdened by chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. Developing culturally appropriate interventions is paramount to closing the gap in these health inequities. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in two environments that are frequented by this population: barbershops and hair salons. Characteristics of effective interventions will be identified and evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions will be provided. Results of this review will inform future health promotion efforts for African Americans particularly focused on the leading health inequities in obesity-related chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Subject headings and keywords will be used to search for synonyms of 'barbershops,' 'hair salons' and 'African Americans' to identify all relevant articles (from inception onwards) in the following databases: Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index) and ProQuest Dissertations. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies for adult (>18 years) African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons will be included. Eligible interventions will include risk reduction/management of obesity-related chronic disease: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers will independently screen, select and extract data and a third will mediate disagreements. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Quality and content of the evidence will be narratively synthesised. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Since this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. Findings from the review will be widely disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and traditional and social media outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Palmer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patrick Rivers
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Forest Melton
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jean McClelland
- Health Sciences Library, University of Arizona Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer Hatcher
- Division of Public Health Practice and Translational Research, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - David G Marrero
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia Thomson
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David O Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Gaston SA, James-Todd T, Harmon Q, Taylor KW, Baird D, Jackson CL. Chemical/straightening and other hair product usage during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood among African-American women: potential implications for health. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:86-96. [PMID: 31641276 PMCID: PMC6917990 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have characterized life course hair product usage beyond ever/never. We investigated hair product use from childhood to adulthood, usage patterns in adulthood, and socioeconomic status (SES) correlates among African-American (AA) women. Using self-reported data from 1555 AA women enrolled in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids (2010-2018), we estimated the usage frequency of chemical relaxer/straightener (≥twice/year, once/year, and rarely/never) and leave-in/leave-on conditioner (≥once/week, 1-3 times/month, and rarely/never) during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of adulthood usage of multiple hair products. SES was compared across latent classes. With a mean age of 33 ± 3.4 years, most women reported ever using chemical relaxers/straighteners (89%), and use ≥twice/year increased from childhood (9%) to adolescence (73%) but decreased in adulthood (29%). Leave-in/leave-on conditioner use followed the same pattern. Each of three identified latent classes reported frequent styling product use and infrequent relaxer/straightener use. Class One was unlikely to use any other products, Class Two moderately used shampoo and conditioner, and Class Three frequently used multiple product types (e.g., moisturizers and conditioners). Participants in the latter two classes reported higher SES. Ever/never characterization may miss important and distinctive patterns of hair product use, which may vary by SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quaker Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Donna Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Neal-Barnett A, Woods DW, Espil FM, Davis M, Alexander JR, Compton SN, Walther MR, Twohig MP, Saunders SM, Cahill SP, Franklin ME. Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania: Randomized controlled trial rationale, method, and strategies for recruiting minority participants. Bull Menninger Clin 2019; 83:399-431. [PMID: 31380699 DOI: 10.1521/bumc_2019_83_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Trichotillomania (TTM) involves the chronic pulling out of hair to the point of hair loss or thinning, which continues despite repeated attempts to stop. Behavior therapy is a promising treatment for the condition, but studies have been limited by the lack of a credible control condition, small sample sizes, follow-up periods of short duration, and low participation by underrepresented populations. In the current article, the authors describe the theoretical rationale for an acceptance-enhanced form of behavior therapy for TTM in adults and describe the methodology used to test the efficacy of this intervention against a psychoeducation and supportive control condition. In addition, the authors discuss the importance of and difficulties encountered with enrolling minority participants into TTM research, as well as strategies used to enhance minority recruitment. Finally, the authors discuss the instruments, procedures, and related outcomes of the fidelity measures used in the randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas W Woods
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Flint M Espil
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Jennifer R Alexander
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin E Franklin
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Siahpush M, Robbins RE, Ramos AK, Michaud TL, Clarke MA, King KM. Does Difference in Physical Activity Between Blacks and Whites Vary by Sex, Income, Education, and Region of Residence? Results from 2008 to 2017 National Health Interview Surveys. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:883-891. [PMID: 31004290 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how the effect of race (Black versus White) on meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines varies by sex, income, education, and region of residence. METHODS We pooled data from 10 consecutive years (2008 to 2017) of the National Health Interview Survey. We used logistic regression to assess the extent to which the effect of race on meeting the U.S. federal guidelines for PA varies by sex, income, education, and region, after controlling for several health-related variables. The analysis sample size was 225,600 (102,348 men and 123,252 women). RESULTS Race and most of the other covariates interacted with sex in their effect on meeting PA guidelines; therefore, separate models for men and women were estimated. In each model, race interacted with income and region, but not with education. Among men, Blacks were more likely to meet PA guidelines than Whites in nearly all income categories and regions. The race effect was weakest among the poor and in the Northeast region. Among women, Blacks were generally less likely than Whites to meet the guidelines and the race effect was largest among the poor and in the Northeast region. CONCLUSION This study showed that the difference between Blacks and Whites in the extent to which they adhere to federal PA guidelines varies by sex, income, and region of residence. Black women whole live below the poverty threshold are less likely than other demographic groups to meet the PA guidelines. Targeted interventions to promote PA among this population group are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Siahpush
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA.
| | - Regina E Robbins
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Athena K Ramos
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Tzeyu L Michaud
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Martina A Clarke
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2265, USA
| | - Keyonna M King
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center; 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
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O’Brien-Richardson P. The Case for Hair Health in Health Education: Exploring Hair and Physical Activity Among Urban African American Girls. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1571959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Joseph RP, Ainsworth BE, Vega-López S, Adams MA, Hollingshead K, Hooker SP, Todd M, Gaesser GA, Keller C. Rationale and design of Smart Walk: A randomized controlled pilot trial of a smartphone-delivered physical activity and cardiometabolic risk reduction intervention for African American women. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 77:46-60. [PMID: 30576840 PMCID: PMC6344046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American (AA) women perform low levels of physical activity (PA) and are disproportionally burdened by cardiometabolic disease conditions when compared to White women and the U.S. population as a whole. These disparities emphasize the need for innovative and effective interventions to increase PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among AA women. Recent evidence suggests that mobile health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to increase PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Few studies have examined the efficacy of mHealth PA interventions among racial/ethnic minorities, including AA women. This represents a missed opportunity given the reported success of technology-delivered PA interventions in predominately White populations and the high use of technology among AA women. OBJECTIVE To describe the design, theoretical rationale, and cultural relevance of Smart Walk, a culturally sensitive smartphone-delivered PA intervention for AA women. DESIGN AND METHODS Smart Walk is an 8-month, randomized controlled pilot trial designed to increase PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among AA women. Sixty physically inactive AA women with obesity will be assigned to receive either a culturally relevant intervention designed to increase PA (by targeting leisure-time, household chore/task-related, and occupational PA) or a culturally relevant wellness attention-matched control condition. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months, and include feasibility and acceptability of the PA intervention and evaluation of effects on PA and cardiometabolic risk factors. SUMMARY Smart Walk represents a culturally relevant, theory-based approach to promote PA and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Joseph
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions and Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Kevin Hollingshead
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Colleen Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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13
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Coen SE. Connecting qualitative research on exercise and environment to public health agendas requires an equity lens. Health Place 2018; 53:264-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Berkley-Patton J, Thompson CB, Bradley-Ewing A, Berman M, Bauer A, Catley D, Goggin K, Williams E, Wainright C, Petty T, Aduloju-Ajijola N. Identifying health conditions, priorities, and relevant multilevel health promotion intervention strategies in African American churches: A faith community health needs assessment. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2018; 67:19-28. [PMID: 29156312 PMCID: PMC6195353 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carole Bowe Thompson
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Andrea Bradley-Ewing
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2405 Grand Blvd, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Marcie Berman
- Institute of Community Research, 2 Hartford Square W, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Alexandria Bauer
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Delwyn Catley
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2405 Grand Blvd, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2405 Grand Blvd, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Eric Williams
- Calvary Community Outreach Network, 2940 Holmes, Kansas City MO 64109, USA
| | | | - Therese Petty
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity significantly impacts mortality worldwide. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. African American women in the United States have the highest rates of physical inactivity when compared with other gender/ethnic groups. A paucity of research promoting physical activity (PA) in African American women has been previously identified. The purpose of this review was to identify intervention strategies and outcomes in studies designed to promote PA in African American women. METHODS Interventions that promoted PA in African American women published between 2000 and May 2015 were included. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed in Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, and MEDLINE Complete databases. Data were abstracted and synthesized to examine interventions, study designs, theoretical frameworks, and measures of PA. RESULTS Mixed findings (both significant and nonsignificant) were identified. Interventions included faith-based, group-based, and individually focused programs. All studies (n = 32) included measures of PA; among the studies, self-report was the predominant method for obtaining information. Half of the 32 studies focused on PA, and the remaining studies focused on PA and nutrition. Most studies reported an increase in PA or adherence to PA. This review reveals promising strategies for promoting PA. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should include long-term follow-up, larger sample sizes, and objective measures of PA. Additional research promoting PA in African American women is warranted, particularly in studies that focus on increasing PA in older African American women.
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Joseph RP, Coe K, Ainsworth BE, Hooker SP, Mathis L, Keller C. Hair As a Barrier to Physical Activity among African American Women: A Qualitative Exploration. Front Public Health 2018; 5:367. [PMID: 29404317 PMCID: PMC5777534 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African American (AA) women face unique sociocultural barriers to physical activity (PA) engagement. Such barriers may contribute to their low PA levels and high cardiometabolic disease burden. One particular barrier reported among AA women in recent research is that being physically active can have an undesirable effect on the hairstyles and hair maintenance of many AA women. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to this barrier have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore hairstyle maintenance as a barrier to PA among AA women and to identify effective strategies to overcome this barrier in the design of a culturally relevant PA intervention. Methods A qualitative study design was used. Data were collected from the focus groups comprising 23 sedentary and obese AA women (median age = 38.1 years, median body mass index = 39.8 kg/m2). Content analysis was used to analyze these focus group data. Results Three key themes emerged from the qualitative narratives of participants: (1) impact of perspiration on hair and hairstyle maintenance, (2) image and social comparisons, and (3) solutions to overcome hair-related barriers to PA. For impact of perspiration and hairstyle maintenance, participants described how perspiring while engaging in PA negatively impacts many of their hairstyles. Participants further discussed how time and monetary burdens associated with PA-related hairstyle maintenance further contributed to this issue. Findings for the theme of image and social comparison focused on how an AA woman’s hairstyle is an important part of the image and the social comparisons made by non-AAs regarding the hairstyles and maintenance practices of AA women. For solutions to hairstyle maintenance barriers, participant described a variety of potential styling techniques that may help alleviate PA-related maintenance concerns, including braids, locks, and natural hairstyles. However, no styling technique was uniformly endorsed by all study participants. Conclusion Findings highlight the significance of hair in the AA community and provide further insight on appropriate intervention design strategies to overcome this sociocultural barrier to PA. Future research is needed to corroborate and further expand on our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Joseph
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kathryn Coe
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Steven P Hooker
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - LaTanya Mathis
- Previously Affiliated with Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Colleen Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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17
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Kringen AL, Novich M. Is it ‘just hair’ or is it ‘everything’? Embodiment and gender repression in policing. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Bowen F, O'Brien-Richardson P. Cultural hair practices, physical activity, and obesity among urban African-American girls. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017; 29:754-762. [PMID: 28945016 DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hair holds cultural meaning and value for women of African descent. The values placed on hair type and hair style date back to preslavery days. There is a small body of literature that addresses the relationship between cultural hair practices and physical inactivity among black women. Understanding this is important because inactivity during childhood and adolescent years contributes to increased weight-related morbidity and mortality during adult years. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cultural hair practices, physical activity, and obesity among urban African-American adolescent girls. METHODS A convenience sample of 50 African-American girls completed questionnaires and were weighed and measured for body mass index (BMI) calculation. CONCLUSION Cultural hair practices such as the amount of money (p = .047) and time (p = .015) spent on hair maintenance were associated with decreased physical activity but were not associated with BMI. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Inactivity during adolescence can result in obesity, a major cause of chronic health conditions that contribute to morbidity and mortality as an adult. When nurse practitioners understand and appreciate the cultural differences and beliefs around cultural hair practices they will be able to develop culturally appropriate strategies that will aid in weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felesia Bowen
- Rutgers School of Nursing, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey Rutgers Community Health Center, Rutgers School of Nursing, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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Hunter EA, Kluck AS, Cobb-Sheehan MD, English EM, Ray E. Family food and shape messages: Capturing the experiences of African-American women. Appetite 2017; 118:26-40. [PMID: 28757437 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four studies explored the family food experiences (FFEs) of African-American (AA) in relation to disordered eating and body image concerns. Focus groups of AA women expressed FFEs that shaped their relationships with food (Study 1). We used the resulting framework to create a measure assessing FFEs related to disordered eating (Family Food Experiences-Black Questionnaire; FFBQ). Measure items were subjected to a content analysis (Study 2). Subject matter experts rated ten items essential (CVR ≥ 0.62, p < 0.05). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the 10-item FFBQ in a sample of AA (N = 66) women (Study 3). The two-factor model explained 41.14% of the variance in the items (Χ2 = 25.04, df = 26, p = 0.52. Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the FFBQ in a new sample of AA women (N = 167) to confirm the factor structure. The EFA yielded two subscales: a Traditional Thin-Ideal (TTI) and a Curvy Ideal (CI) subscale (reflecting messages that emphasize valuation of curves). These subscales were confirmed by CFA in a second sample of AA women with modifications to two items (Χ2 = 32.63, Χ2/df = 2.04). Disordered eating was positively correlated with messages reflecting both ideals while only messages reflecting the Curvy Ideal was related to body image disturbance. Implications include a need for further study of the duality of body ideal messages and the impact on body image/disordered eating disturbance in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn A Hunter
- Auburn University, Special Education, Rehabilitation, Counseling/School Psychology, 2084 Haley Center, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Annette S Kluck
- Auburn University, Special Education, Rehabilitation, Counseling/School Psychology, 2084 Haley Center, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan D Cobb-Sheehan
- Auburn University, Special Education, Rehabilitation, Counseling/School Psychology, 2084 Haley Center, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Erin M English
- Auburn University, Special Education, Rehabilitation, Counseling/School Psychology, 2084 Haley Center, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Erica Ray
- Tennessee State University, Department of Psychology, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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20
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Joseph RP, Keller C, Affuso O, Ainsworth BE. Designing Culturally Relevant Physical Activity Programs for African-American Women: A Framework for Intervention Development. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 4:397-409. [PMID: 27178447 PMCID: PMC5107357 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American women perform low levels of physical activity and are disproportionally burdened by associated cardiometabolic disease conditions (i.e., 57 % are obese, 49 % have cardiovascular disease). The marked health disparities among African-American women indicate the need for innovative strategies to promote physical activity to help attenuate the chronic disease health disparities in this high-risk population. Culturally tailoring physical activity programs to address the sociocultural norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors of African-American women is an advantageous strategy to enhance physical activity promotion efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss critical aspects for researchers to consider when designing physical activity programs for African-American women and to present a conceptual framework to guide intervention development. METHODS Development of the framework was based on our previous physical activity research with African-American women, seminal literature on the topics of cultural adaptation and health promotion, sociological and theoretical perspectives on the role of women in African-American culture, and key determinants of physical activity engagement among African-American women. RESULTS Three key concepts are discussed in the conceptual framework: (1) Developmental milestones and life stage transitions of African-American women; (2) Historical, social, and cultural influences associated with physical activity engagement; and (3) Intervention delivery strategies. DISCUSSION Using the framework to guide intervention development has the potential to enhance the physical activity and health outcomes of a physical activity program for African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P. Joseph
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3 Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, Phone: 602-496-0772, Fax: 602-496-0448,
| | - Colleen Keller
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3 Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004,
| | - Oliva Affuso
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2 Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022,
| | - Barbara E. Ainsworth
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3 Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004,
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21
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Jackson H, Yates BC, Blanchard S, Zimmerman LM, Hudson D, Pozehl B. Behavior-Specific Influences for Physical Activity Among African American Women. West J Nurs Res 2016; 38:992-1011. [PMID: 27044446 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916640724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity (PA) behaviors and physical functioning of prehypertensive and Stage I hypertensive African American Women (AAW) and to examine the relationships between PA behavior, physical functioning, personal factors, and behavior-specific influences. Pender's Health Promotion Model was the conceptual framework for the study. A cross-sectional design and convenience sample were used. The PA domain where the greatest amount of time was spent was in work-related activity, followed by household, leisure time, and transportation activity. Personal factors most strongly correlated to lower PA were greater body mass index and waist circumference. AAW perceived moderate barriers to PA and minimal family and friend social support for PA. Future interventions need to focus on removing barriers to and improving social support for PA among AAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Jackson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Diane Hudson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Bunny Pozehl
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
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22
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Huebschmann AG, Campbell LJ, Brown CS, Dunn AL. "My hair or my health:" Overcoming barriers to physical activity in African American women with a focus on hairstyle-related factors. Women Health 2015; 56:428-47. [PMID: 26495938 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity disparities among African American (AA) women may be related to sociocultural barriers, including difficulties with restyling hair after exercise. We sought to identify physical activity barriers and facilitators in AA women with a focus on sociocultural factors related to hairstyle maintenance. Participants (n = 51) were AA women aged 19-73 years who completed valid surveys and participated in structured focus groups, stratified by age and physical activity levels, from November 2012 to February 2013. The Constant Comparison method was used to develop qualitative themes for barriers and facilitators. The most frequently reported general physical activity barrier among exercisers was "lack of money" (27%) and among non-exercisers was "lack of self-discipline" (57%). A hairstyle-related barrier of "sweating out my hairstyle" was reported by 7% of exercisers and 29% of non-exercisers. This hairstyle-related barrier included the need for extra time and money to restyle hair due to perspiration. Hairstyle-related facilitators included: prioritizing health over hairstyle and high self-efficacy to restyle hair after perspiration. Participants were interested in resources to simplify hairstyle maintenance. AA women whose hairstyle is affected by perspiration may avoid physical activity due to time and financial burdens. Increasing self-efficacy to restyle hair after perspiration may help to overcome this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G Huebschmann
- a Department of Medicine , Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , Colorado , USA.,b Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | | | - Candace S Brown
- d Center for Gerontology , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Andrea L Dunn
- e ALDunn Health Consulting, LLC , Loveland , Colorado , USA
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23
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Abstract
Lack of physical activity is a leading contributor to obesity in the US. The unusually high rates of obesity in African-American (AA) women corroborate with lack of recommended levels of exercise in this population. The purpose of this study was to describe exercise behaviors and intention to change using the stages of change (SOC) model in a sample of AA women. A population-based observational study was conducted with 292 AA women in Florida. Outcome variables were engaging in aerobic, strength-based, and stretching exercise. More than half (61.25 %) did not engage in strength-based exercise, more than a third (37.7 %) did not engage in aerobic exercise, and a little less than half (45.9 %) did not participate in stretching exercise. SOC was the main independent variable. Women in action and maintenance SOC were significantly more likely to engage in aerobic exercise (OR 16.1, 95 % CI 7.09-25.7), strength-based exercise (OR 15.4, 95 % CI 6.58-22.7), and stretching exercise (OR 3.80, 95 % CI 1.91-7.52). The SOC is reflective of actual exercise behavior in AA women. A large number of AA women do not engage in regular recommended levels of exercise. Understanding SOC can be essential to developing culturally appropriate and motivation matched interventions for improving AA women's exercise habits.
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24
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Williams EP, Mesidor M, Winters K, Dubbert PM, Wyatt SB. Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:363-70. [PMID: 26627494 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review considers a variety of perspectives on overweight and obesity (OW/obesity), including measurement and classification; prevalence and changes in prevalence in recent years; genetic, biological, medical, individual, and social correlates of OW/obesity; and treatment approaches. Despite increased attention, OW/obesity is escalating in prevalence worldwide, and the causes are exceedingly complex. A range of innovative studies, including basic research on gut microflora, dietary composition, pharmacologic interventions, and surgical procedures, is generating findings with potential for future prevention and treatment of OW/obesity. Social system changes such as school programs and the awareness of the roles of personal, family, health provider, and cultural experiences related to OW/obesity have also gained traction for vital prevention and treatment efforts over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P Williams
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Marie Mesidor
- Health Promotion & Disease Prevention Program, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Karen Winters
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Patricia M Dubbert
- South Central Veterans Affairs Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center, Little Rock Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2200 Fort Roots Drive, North Little Rock, AR, 72114, USA.
| | - Sharon B Wyatt
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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Hill SE, Bell C, Bowie JV, Kelley E, Furr-Holden D, LaVeist TA, Thorpe RJ. Differences in Obesity Among Men of Diverse Racial and Ethnic Background. Am J Mens Health 2015; 11:984-989. [PMID: 25862694 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315580348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities exist in obesity prevalence among men, with Hispanic men exhibiting the highest prevalence compared with non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black men. Most studies do not parse out Hispanic groups; therefore, it is unclear whether the increases in obesity rates among Hispanic men applies to all groups or if there are particular groups of Hispanic men that are driving the increase. The goal of this study is to examine the variations in obesity among men of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and determine if obesity is affected by nativity. The data used in this study were from 11 years (2002-2012) of the National Health Interview Survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity, obesity, and nativity. After adjusting for covariates, there are differences in obesity prevalence, with the largest prevalence among Puerto Rican men and Mexican American men. Consistent with previous literature, it has been suggested that men born in the United States are more likely to be obese than men born outside the United States. This study underscores the importance of distinguishing Hispanic groups when examining obesity, and provides information for future, targeted intervention strategies related to obesity among high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hill
- 1 Undergraduate Program in Public Health Studies, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caryn Bell
- 2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janice V Bowie
- 2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- 2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debra Furr-Holden
- 2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A LaVeist
- 2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- 2 Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Adepoju OE, Bolin JN, Booth EA, Zhao H, Lin SH, Phillips CD, Ohsfeldt RL. Is diabetes color-blind? Growth of prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in children through 2030. Popul Health Manag 2014; 18:172-8. [PMID: 25290852 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2014.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes knows no age and affects millions of individuals. Preventing diabetes in children is increasingly becoming a major health policy concern and focus. The objective of this study is to project the number of children, aged 0-17 years, with diagnosed diabetes in the United States through 2030, accounting for changing demography, and diabetes and obesity prevalence rates. The study team combined historic diabetes and obesity prevalence data with US child population estimates and projections. A times-series regression model was used to forecast future diabetes prevalence and to account for the relationship between the forecasted diabetes prevalence and the lagged prevalence of childhood obesity. Overall, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes is projected to increase 67% from 0.22% in 2010 to 0.36% in 2030. Lagged obesity prevalence in Hispanic boys and non-Hispanic black girls was significantly associated with increasing future diabetes prevalence. The study results showed that a 1% increase in obesity prevalence among Hispanic boys from the previous year was significantly associated with a 0.005% increase in future prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in children (P ≤ 0.01). Likewise, a unit increase in obesity prevalence among non-Hispanic black girls was associated with a 0.003% increase in future diabetes prevalence (P < 0.05). Obesity rates for other race/ethnicity combinations were not associated with increasing future diabetes prevalence. To mitigate the continued threat posed by diabetes, serious discussions need to focus on the pediatric population, particularly non-Hispanic black girls and Hispanic boys whose obesity trends show the strongest associations with future diabetes prevalence in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Northridge
- Mary E. Northridge is editor-in-chief of the AJPH, and an associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion at the New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
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