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Kelly AL, Williams CA, Jackson DT, Turnnidge J, Reeves MJ, Dugdale JH, Wilson MR. Exploring the role of socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics on talent development in an English soccer academy. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:251-259. [PMID: 37161818 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2213191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Social factors and psychological characteristics can influence selection and development in talent pathways. However, the interaction between these two factors is relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the implications of socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics in English academy soccer players (n = 58; aged 11 to 16 years). To assess socioeconomic status, participants' home postcodes were coded according to each individual's social classification and credit rating, applying the UK General Registrar Classification system and CameoTM geodemographic database, respectively. Participants also completed the six factor Psychological Characteristics for Developing Excellence Questionnaire (PCDEQ). A classification of 'higher-potentials' (n = 19) and 'lower-potentials' (n = 19) were applied through coach potential rankings. Data were standardised using z-scores to eliminate age bias and data were analysed using independent sample t-tests. Results showed that higher-potentials derived from families with significantly lower social classifications (p = 0.014) and reported higher levels for PCDEQ Factor 3 (coping with performance and developmental pressures) (p = 0.007) compared to lower-potentials. This study can be used to support the impetus for researchers and practitioners to consider the role of social factors and psychological characteristics when selecting and developing sporting talent. For example, facilitating player-centred development within an academy and, where necessary, providing individuals with additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Exeter City Football Club, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Craig A Williams
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Daniel T Jackson
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Turnnidge
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Reeves
- UCLan Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity & Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - James H Dugdale
- Physiology Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Mark R Wilson
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Lowe SA, Hunter S, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST, Pabayo R. Exploring the longitudinal associations between census division income inequality and BMI trajectories among Canadian adolescent: Is gender an effect modifier? SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101519. [PMID: 37808229 PMCID: PMC10550757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Income inequality is a structural determinant of health linked to increased risk of overweight and obesity, although its links to the health of adolescent populations are not well understood. This study investigated the longitudinal associations between census-division-level (CD) income inequality and BMI trajectories among Canadian adolescents, and determine if these associations vary by gender. Methods Study data are from the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical Activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) cohort of adolescents attending secondary schools in Canada. Our sample included 14,675 adolescents who were followed up across three waves of the COMPASS study (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019) and linked to 30 CDs. Measures of income inequality and other area-level covariates were derived and linked to COMPASS participants using data from the 2016 Canadian Census. We utilized multilevel mixed-effects linear regression modelling to quantify the associations between income inequality and BMI and test for effect modification by gender. Sensitivity analyses were run excluding those with BMI scores in the range considered overweight or obesity at baseline. Results Higher CD income inequality was significantly associated with higher z-transformed BMI scores (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.034 to 0.19). The interaction term between income inequality and time was not statistically significant, indicating that this association remained constant over time. Once stratified by gender, the association between inequality and BMI became stronger for males (β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.060 to 0.022) and attenuated for females (β = 0.063, 95% CI = -0.047 to 0.17). Conclusion Attending schools in CDs with higher income inequality was associated with higher BMI scores among male but not female adolescents. Further work is needed to investigate this discrepancy and identify the structural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between inequality and adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A.J. Lowe
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen A. Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roman Pabayo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Pocius E, Malinauskas R. Determining Positive Behavioral Skills in Different Age Groups of Young Basketball Players during the Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:914. [PMID: 37371146 DOI: 10.3390/children10060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Assessing psychological indicators such as positive behavioral skills in the context of adolescent personality development during the pandemic era is highly relevant: the growing problem of peer disrespect among adolescents who participate in sports has recently become an undeniable scientific issue. This study aimed to analyze positive behavioral skills in the cadet (U16) and junior (U18) age groups of young basketball players during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 378 male athletes (age 16.36 ± 1.15 years). Results revealed that U18 athletes are more capable of taking responsibility, positively evaluating themselves, behaving pro-socially with teammates, cooperating, demonstrating assertiveness, demonstrating self-control, and managing emotions than U16 adolescent athletes. When comparing the effect sizes in the current study during the pandemic with similar studies by other authors, the pandemic may have had a larger negative effect on some positive behavioral skills (ability to control emotions, social responsibility skills, cooperation skills) in U16 athletes than in U18 athletes, as the effect sizes were small before the pandemic and moderate during the pandemic in the current study. This study's results may be useful for developing and implementing a young athletes' education program based on a comprehensive model of positive behavioral skills that include the indicators analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimantas Pocius
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Malinauskas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Wa Mwenda Jonas KA, Kisungu Basile K, Jean Baptiste KN, Alyousef HA, Meng H. Associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms and abuse experiences in child and adolescent girls from a Central African country. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1432-1444. [PMID: 35642389 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently reported among survivors of abuse. However, there is a paucity of research examining the association between PTSD and abuse, including polyvictimization, in nonconflict areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of PTSD among girls in nonconflict zones who experienced at least one type of abuse. Participants in this cross-sectional study were 3,011 middle-school girls, aged 11-18 years, who attended randomly selected schools and completed questionnaires. The probable PTSD prevalence was 67.5%. The rate of probable PTSD increased with the number of experienced abuse types over a 12-month period. The findings demonstrated associations between probable PTSD and exposure to five (86.9%), four (63.9%), and three types of abuse (60.1%). The strongest association was observed between probable PTSD and experiencing five types of abuse, OR = 26.806, 95% CI [19.303, 37.225]; associations were also found between PTSD and abuse with a weapon, OR = 4.341, 95% CI [3.519, 5.354]; rape with penetration, OR = 4.728, 95% CI [3.447, 6.484]; and experiencing three, OR = 6.625, 95% CI [4.325, 10.148], or four types of abuse, OR = 7.114, 95% CI [5.025,10.070]. The findings of this study underscore the importance of the need for psychological and physical health care for girls who have been exposed to abuse, regardless of the number of abuse experiences or abuse types she has experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalema Kisungu Basile
- Department of School and Professional Orientation, National Pedagogical University, Kinshasa, Congo
| | | | - Hala Ayaman Alyousef
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jonas KAWM, Tang HY, Deng LC, Yu Y, Jean-Baptiste KN, Basile KK, Opoku S, Meng H. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Physical and/or Sexual Abuse Among Female Middle School Students: A Cross- Sectional Study in Kinshasa, DRC. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP8405-NP8429. [PMID: 33280489 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520976221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study sought to broaden the limited evidence on violence against young adolescent girls in non-conflict zones within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of and the predictors of physical and/or sexual abuse among girls aged 11-18 years in Kinshasa. A total of 3,100 girls from five randomly selected schools were recruited by our team and given the questionnaires; among them, 3,011 (97.1%) participants completed the questionnaires and were included in the study for further analysis. After collecting all valid responses, the overall prevalence of physical and/or sexual abuse was sorted into the following categories: experienced physical abuse without a weapon (recorded by 70.1% of respondents), experienced physical abuse with a weapon (66.3% of respondents), attempted rape without penetration (76.5% of respondents), experienced attempted rape with penetration (73.9% of respondents), and experienced verbal sexual harassment (93.0%).Our logistic regression analysis indicated that specific kinds of living arrangements (such as only living with the father, mother, or a caregiver; odds ratio ranged 1.8 to 6.9) and places of residence (such as living in lower-class or middle-class districts; odds ratio ranged 1.7 to 6.2) had the strongest associations with higher risk pertaining to whether the respondent had experienced physical and/or sexual abuse in the past. Meanwhile, factors such as the students' level of education (both middle grade and upper grade) and occupation of the father (specifically whether holding a part-time job or retired) were deemed to be more protective. However, physical and/or sexual abuse prevalence was found to be high among middle school girls in Kinshasa. Therefore, we recommend that drastic policies and strategies aimed at socioeconomic issue and living condition ameliorations among families should be implemented to curtail physical and sexual abuse in the nonconflict zones of the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai-Yan Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Chao Deng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Sampson Opoku
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Congdon P. A diabetes risk index for small areas in England. Health Place 2020; 63:102340. [PMID: 32543429 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UK and international studies point to significant area variation in diabetes risk, and summary indices of diabetic risk are potentially of value in effective targeting of health interventions and healthcare resources. This paper aims to develop a summary measure of the diabetic risk environment which can act as an index for targeting health care resources. The diabetes risk index is for 6791 English small areas (which provide entire coverage of England) and has advantages in incorporating evidence from both diabetes outcomes and area risk factors, and in including spatial correlation in its construction. The analysis underlying the risk index shows that area socio-economic status, social fragmentation and south Asian ethnic concentration are all positive risk factors for diabetes risk. However, urban-rural and regional differences in risk intersect with these socio-demographic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Congdon
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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The neighborhood social environment and physical activity: a systematic scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:124. [PMID: 31815626 PMCID: PMC6902518 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the association of the neighborhood social environment on physical activity is complex. A systematic scoping review was performed to (1) provide an inventory of studies assessing the influence of the neighborhood social environment on physical activity since 2006; (2) describe methodologies employed; and (3) formulate recommendations for the field. METHODS Two databases were searched using terms related to 'physical activity,' 'neighborhood,' and 'social environment' in January 2017. Eligibility criteria included: 1) physical activity as an outcome; 2) neighborhood social environment as a predictor; 3) healthy population (without diagnosed clinical condition or special population); 4) observational or experimental design. Of 1352 studies identified, 181 were included. Textual data relevant to the social environment measurement and analysis were extracted from each article into qualitative software (MAXQDA) and coded to identify social environmental constructs, measurement methods, level of measurement (individual vs. aggregated to neighborhood), and whether authors explicitly recognized the construct as the social environment. The following measures were generated for each construct: number of unique measurements; % of times measured at an aggregate level; % of times authors referred to the construct as the social environment. Social environmental constructs were then grouped into larger descriptive dimensions. RESULTS/FINDINGS Fifty-nine social environmental constructs were identified and grouped into 9 dimensions: Crime & Safety (n = 133 studies; included in 73% of studies); Economic & Social Disadvantage (n = 55, 33%); Social Cohesion & Capital (n = 47, 26%); Social Relationships (n = 22, 12%); Social Environment (n = 16, 9%); Disorder & Incivilities (n = 15, 8%); Sense of Place/Belonging (n = 8, 4%); Discrimination/Segregation (n = 3, 2%); Civic Participation & Engagement (n = 2, 1%). Across all articles, the social environment was measured using 176 different methods, was measured at an aggregate-level 38% of the time, and referred to as the social environment 23% of the time. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistent terminology, definitions, and measurement of the social environment and the lack of explicit language identifying constructs as the social environment make it challenging to compare results across studies and draw conclusions. Improvements are needed to increase our understanding of social environmental correlates and/or determinants of physical activity and facilitate cross-disciplinary conversations necessary to effectively intervene to promote physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059580.
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Clennin MN, Lian M, Colabianchi N, Kaczynski A, Dowda M, Pate RR. Associations among Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Physical Activity Facilities, and Physical Activity in Youth during the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193703. [PMID: 31581456 PMCID: PMC6801494 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to examine the longitudinal association of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (SED) with physical activity in youth during the transition from elementary to middle school, and to determine if access to physical activity facilities moderates this relationship. Methods: Data were obtained from the Transitions and Activity Changes in Kids (TRACK) study, which was a multilevel, longitudinal study designed to identify the factors that influence changes in physical activity as youth transition from elementary to middle school. The analytic sample for the current study included 660 youth with complete data in grades 5 (baseline) and 7 (follow-up). A repeated measures multilevel framework was employed to examine the relationship between SED and physical activity over time and the potential moderating role of elements of the built environment. Results: Decreases in physical activity varied by the degree of neighborhood SED with youth residing in the most deprived neighborhoods experiencing the greatest declines in physical activity. Access to supportive physical activity facilities did not moderate this relationship. Conclusion: Future research studies are needed to better understand how neighborhood SED influences youth physical activity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N Clennin
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Kaiser Permanente of Colorado, Institute of Health Research, Aurora, CO 80014, USA.
| | - Min Lian
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Adkins A, Barillas-Longoria G, Martínez DN, Ingram M. Differences in social and physical dimensions of perceived walkability in Mexican American and non-hispanic white walking environments in Tucson, Arizona. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2019; 14:100585. [PMID: 31788422 PMCID: PMC6884083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2019.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity patterns within the U.S. vary greatly across ethnicity, with data generally indicating lower rates among Hispanic/Latino adults. At the same time, Hispanic/Latino pedestrians face higher rates of injury and fatalities. Despite the importance of supportive physical activity environments on both health and safety outcomes, limited attention has been paid to ethnic or cultural differences in perceptions of supportive environments for walking. To fill this gap, we explore differences in physical and social environment contributors to perceived walkability between pedestrians in predominantly (> 70%) Mexican American and predominantly non-Hispanic white areas in Tucson, Arizona. METHODS In early 2017 the research team conducted brief on-street intercept interviews with pedestrians (N = 190) to learn about the environmental attributes associated with pedestrian perceptions of walkability. Study locations were matched for similar physical walkability metrics, income, and poverty rates. Consensus-based thematic coding identified 14 attributes of the built and social environment that contributed, positively and negatively, to perceptions of walkability. RESULTS Attributes of the social environment, both positive (i.e., social interaction, social cohesion, and community identity) and negative (i.e., crime/security), were more frequently expressed as components of walkability in Mexican American study areas while physical environment attributes (i.e., infrastructure, street crossings, and aesthetics) were more frequently mentioned in non-Hispanic white areas. CONCLUSIONS Contributors to perceived walkability in non-Hispanic white study areas were largely consistent with existing built environment-focused walkability metrics. Differences seen in Mexican American areas suggest a need to better understand differences across populations, expand the construct of walkability to consider social environment attributes, and account for interactions between social and physical environments. Results highlight the need for collaboration between public health and planning professionals, to evaluate walkability using culturally relevant measures that account for the social environment, particularly in Mexican American and other communities of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlie Adkins
- School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, University of Arizona, PO Box 210075, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0075, United States
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Drachman Hall A214, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States
| | - Gabriela Barillas-Longoria
- The University of Arizona Nutrition Network, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ, 85719, United States
| | - Deyanira Nevárez Martínez
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, 5300 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697-7055, United States
| | - Maia Ingram
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Drachman Hall A214, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States
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Whitley MA, Massey WV, Camiré M, Boutet M, Borbee A. Sport-based youth development interventions in the United States: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:89. [PMID: 30658607 PMCID: PMC6339434 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The growing number of sport-based youth development interventions provide a potential avenue for integrating sport meaningfully into the U.S. public health agenda. However, efficacy and quality must be reliably established prior to widespread implementation. Methods A comprehensive search of databases, peer-reviewed journals, published reviews, and both published and unpublished documents yielded 10,077 distinct records. Title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening using 6 criteria, resulted in 56 distinct studies (coalescing into 10 sport-based youth development intervention types) included in the synthesis. These studies were then independently assessed and critically appraised. Results Limited efficacy data were identified, with the quality of methods and evidence largely classified as weak. Processes likely to contribute to the outcomes of sport-based youth development interventions were identified (e.g., predictors of ongoing engagement, alignment between target population and intervention, intervention design), although more rigorous research is needed on these and other processes. Physical health outcomes were only studied in 3 of the 10 intervention types. Conclusions The evidence base does not yet warrant wide-scale implementation of sport-based youth development interventions for public health goals within the U. S., although there is promising research that identifies areas for further exploration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6387-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Whitley
- Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Woodruff Hall, Room 172, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA.
| | - William V Massey
- Oregon State University, Milam Hall 118L, 2520 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Martin Camiré
- University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Room 345, Otttawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mish Boutet
- University of Ottawa, 65 University Private, Morisset Hall, 309D, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Amanda Borbee
- Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Woodruff Hall, Room 172, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA
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Dos Santos TMB, Pitangui ACR, Bendo CB, Paiva SM, Cardoso MD, de Melo JPR, da Silva LMP. Factors associated with the type of violence perpetrated against adolescents in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 67:216-227. [PMID: 28282595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the factors associated with the types of violence against adolescents reported in Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2009 to 2012. Prevalence study conducted through an electronic database from the Violence Surveillance Official System in a population of 5259 adolescents (aged 10-19 years). Poisson regression was used, with significance level at 5%. There was a significant increase of 204% in the number of violence reports, and the number of reporting units increased by 92.6%. When separately evaluated, physical violence was the most prevalent type, accounting for 44.7% of the reports. Taking as independent variables the age range of 15-19 years, female, having no disability, and public roads as place of occurrence, the positively and independently associated factors were: male gender (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6) with physical violence; having deficiency (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.0) with psychological violence; age range of 10-14 years (PR 2.4, 95% CI 2.2-2.6) with sexual assault; and male (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.0-7.5), having disabilities (PR 4.6, 95% CI 2.7-9.7), and occurrence in residence (PR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.1) with neglect. Age between 10 to 14 years was associated with the occurrence of sexual assault; male with the occurrence of physical violence and neglect; having disabilities with psychological violence and neglect; and occurrence in the residence was associated with neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Dentistry School, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Winn CON, Ford PR, McNarry MA, Lewis J, Stratton G. The effect of deprivation on the developmental activities of adolescent rugby union players in Wales. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2390-2396. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1271136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles O. N. Winn
- Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul R. Ford
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Fuller-Rowell TE, Curtis DS, El-Sheikh M, Chae DH, Boylan JM, Ryff CD. Racial disparities in sleep: the role of neighborhood disadvantage. Sleep Med 2016; 27-28:1-8. [PMID: 27938909 PMCID: PMC5171231 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disparities in sleep duration and efficiency between Black/African American (AA) and White/European American (EA) adults are well-documented. The objective of this study was to examine neighborhood disadvantage as an explanation for race differences in objectively measured sleep. METHODS Data were from 133 AA and 293 EA adults who participated in the sleep assessment protocol of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (57% female; Mean Age = 56.8 years, SD = 11.4). Sleep minutes, onset latency, and waking after sleep onset (WASO) were assessed over seven nights using wrist actigraphy. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed by linking home addresses to tract-level socioeconomic data from the 2000 US Census. Multilevel models estimated associations between neighborhood disadvantage and sleep, and the degree to which neighborhood disadvantage mediated race differences in sleep controlling for family socioeconomic position and demographic variables. RESULTS AAs had shorter sleep duration, greater onset latency, and higher WASO than EAs (ps < 0.001). Neighborhood disadvantage was significantly associated with WASO (B = 3.54, p = 0.028), but not sleep minutes (B = -2.21, p = 0.60) or latency (B = 1.55, p = 0.38). Furthermore, race was indirectly associated with WASO via neighborhood disadvantage (B = 4.63, p = 0.035), which explained 24% of the race difference. When measures of depression, health behaviors, and obesity were added to the model, the association between neighborhood disadvantage and WASO was attenuated by 11% but remained significant. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that neighborhood disadvantage mediates a portion of race differences in WASO, an important indicator of sleep efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Curtis
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - David H Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | | | - Carol D Ryff
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Yip C, Sarma S, Wilk P. The association between social cohesion and physical activity in canada: A multilevel analysis. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:718-723. [PMID: 29349183 PMCID: PMC5757883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous research has shown that social cohesion may promote physical activity, social cohesion at the individual level was not always differentiated from social cohesion at the community level, and studies were often limited to specific population subgroups or geographical areas. We addressed the above limitations through the use of a multilevel modelling approach and nationally-representative data from the 2009–2014 Canadian Community Health Survey. Physical activity level was operationalized as average daily energy expenditure; social cohesion was assessed by self-rated sense of belonging to the local community; and communities were represented by Canada's Forward Sortation Areas. The sample included 245,150 respondents from 1570 communities. Geographical location was found to explain a significant proportion (4.1%) of the overall variance in physical activity level. After adjusting for age, sex, household income, education and urban-rural status, both individual- and community-level social cohesion were found to be positively associated with physical activity (p<0.001 for both). Thus, efforts to promote social cohesion and integration within communities may also promote physical activity and overall health. Social cohesion was assessed as a multilevel influence on physical activity. There was significant variance in physical activity level across communities. Both individual- and community-level social cohesion may promote physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Yip
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Sisira Sarma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K1
- Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada, N6C 2V5
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15
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Benes D, Dowling J, Crawford S, Hayman LL. Social and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Levels in Latina Adolescents. Public Health Nurs 2016; 34:101-111. [PMID: 27384961 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine social and environmental factors that affect moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in mid-adolescent Hispanic females. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Secondary data analysis to examine social and environmental level factors related to MVPA levels in (n = 897) mid-adolescent Hispanic females. MEASURES Data were retrieved from the National Survey of Children's Health (2011/12). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations for factors with MVPA. RESULTS Significant mid-adolescent predictors were English speaking, OR 1.64 (95% CI, 1.03-2.61); parental attendance of activities, OR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31-0.81); peer support, OR 2.74 (95% CI, 1.75-4.29); supportive neighborhood, OR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.03-2.32); and safe school environment, OR 1.67 (95% CI, 1.01-2.74). CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for the development of age and culturally appropriate interventions to aid the improvement of participation levels in MVPA among the Latina adolescent population. Additionally, findings suggest recommendations for policy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Benes
- Nursing, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sybil Crawford
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura L Hayman
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Pabayo R, Janosz M, Bisset S, Kawachi I. School social fragmentation, economic deprivation and social cohesion and adolescent physical inactivity: a longitudinal study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99154. [PMID: 24932679 PMCID: PMC4059627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the independent influence of school economic deprivation, social fragmentation, and social cohesion on the likelihood of participating in no physical activity among students. Methods Data are from a large-scale longitudinal study of schools based in disadvantaged communities in Quebec, Canada. Questionnaires were administered every year between 2002 and 2008 among n = 14,924 students aged 12 to 18 from a sample of 70 schools. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted. Multilevel modeling was utilized to account for the clustering of students within schools. Schools were categorized as being low, moderate or high economic deprivation, social fragmentation and social cohesion. Those who indicated that they do no participate in any physical activity during the week were identified as being physically inactive. Results In baseline multilevel cross-sectional analyses, adolescents attending schools in the highest (compared to the lowest) levels of socioeconomic deprivation and social fragmentation were more likely to be physically inactive (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.72; and OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.56, respectively). Conversely, students attending schools with the highest cohesion were less likely to be physically inactive (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.99). In longitudinal analysis, physically active students who attended schools with the highest social fragmentation were more likely to become physically inactive over two years (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.51). Conclusion The school socioeconomic environment appears to be an important contextual influence on participation in no physical activity among adolescents. Following adolescents beyond two years is necessary to determine if these environments have a lasting effect on physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pabayo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michel Janosz
- École de Psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School Environment Research Group (SERG), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Université de Montréal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherri Bisset
- Plateforme d'évaluation en prévention de l'obésité, Centre de recherche, institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université de Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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