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Liu B, Li A, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xu J, Zuo X, Xue K, Cui Y. Transcobalamin 2 orchestrates monocyte proliferation and TLR4-driven inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus via folate one-carbon metabolism. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339680. [PMID: 38881906 PMCID: PMC11176449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SLE is a complex autoimmune disease with deleterious effects on various organs. Accumulating evidence has shown abnormal vitamin B12 and one-carbon flux contribute to immune dysfunction. Transcobalamin II (TCN2) belongs to the vitamin B12-binding protein family responsible for the cellular uptake of vitamin B12. The role of TCN2 in SLE is still unclear. Methods We collected clinical information and blood from 51 patients with SLE and 28 healthy controls. RNA sequencing analysis, qPCR, and western blot confirmed the alteration of TCN2 in disease monocytes. The correlation between TCN2 expression and clinical features and serological abnormalities was analyzed. TCN2 heterozygous knockout THP1 cells were used to explore the effects of TCN2 dysfunction on monocytes. CCK-8 assay and EdU staining were used to detect cell proliferation. ELISA was conducted to assess vitamin B12, glutathione, and cytokines changes. UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS was used to detect changes in the intermediates of the one-carbon cycle. Flow cytometry is used to detect cell cycle, ROS, mitoROS, and CD14 changes. Results Elevated TCN2 in monocytes was correlated positively with disease progression and specific tissue injuries. Using CD14+ monocytes and TCN2 genetically modified THP1 cell lines, we found that the TCN2 was induced by LPS in serum from SLE patients. TCN2 heterozygous knockout inhibited cellular vitamin B12 uptake and one-carbon metabolism, leading to cell proliferation arrest and decreased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated CCL2 release. Methionine cycle metabolites, s-adenosylmethionine and homocysteine, rescued these effects, whereas folate treatment proved to be ineffective. Folate deficiency also failed to replicate the impact of TCN2 downregulation on THP1 inflammatory response. Conclusion Our study elucidated the unique involvement of TCN2-driven one-carbon flux on SLE-associated monocyte behavior. Increased TCN2 may promote disease progression and tissue damage by enhancing one-carbon flux, fostering monocyte proliferation, and exacerbating TLR4 mediated inflammatory responses. The inhibition of TCN2 may be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gasperini B, Falvino A, Piccirilli E, Tarantino U, Botta A, Visconti VV. Methylation of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Human Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:107. [PMID: 38203278 PMCID: PMC10779104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), which has important roles in bone homeostasis, growth/differentiation of cells, immune functions, and reduction of inflammation. Emerging evidences suggest that epigenetic modifications of the VDR gene, particularly DNA methylation, may contribute to the onset and progression of many human disorders. This review aims to summarize the available information on the role of VDR methylation signatures in different pathological contexts, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, and others. The reversible nature of DNA methylation could enable the development of therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for the management of these worldwide diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Gasperini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Angela Falvino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (U.T.)
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
| | - Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (B.G.); (A.F.); (V.V.V.)
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Chu PY, Chou DA, Chen PM, Chiang EPI. Translocation of Methionine Adenosyl Transferase MAT2A and Its Prognostic Relevance for Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109103. [PMID: 37240447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine adenosyl transferases (MATs) catalyze the synthesis of the biological methyl donor adenosylmethionine (SAM). Dysregulation of MATs has been associated with carcinogenesis in humans. We previously found that downregulation of the MAT1A gene enriches the protein-associated translation process and worsens liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) prognosis. We also discovered that subcellular localization of the MAT2A protein has independently prognostic relevance in breast cancer patients. The present study aimed to examined the clinical relevance of MAT2A translocation in human LIHC. Essential methionine cycle gene expressions in TCGA LIHC datasets were analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). The protein expression pattern of MAT2A was determined in the tissue array of our own LIHC cohort (n = 261) using immuno-histochemistry, and the prognostic relevance of MAT2A protein's subcellular localization expression was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. LIHC patients with higher MAT2A mRNA expression had a worse survival rate (p = 0.0083). MAT2A protein immunoreactivity was observed in both cytoplasm and nucleus fractions in the tissue array. Tumor tissues had elevated MAT2A protein expression in both cytoplasm and nucleus compared to their adjacent normal tissues. A higher cytoplasmic to nuclear MAT2A protein expression ratio (C/N) was found in female LIHC patients compared to that of male patients (p = 0.047). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that a lower MAT2A C/N correlated with poor overall survival in female LIHC patients (10-year survival rate: 29.2% vs. 68.8%, C/N ≤ 1.0 vs. C/N > 1.0, log-rank p = 0.004). Moreover, we found that specificity protein 1 (SP1) may have a potential interaction with nuclear MAT2A protein, using protein-protein interaction; this we found using the GeneMANIA algorithm. We explored the possible protective effects of the estrogen axis in LIHC using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and found evidence supporting a possible protective effect of estrogen-related protein ESSRG in LIHC. The localization of SP1 and MAT2 appeared to be inversely associated with ESRRG expression in LIHC. The present study demonstrated the translocation of MAT2A and its prognostic relevance in female LIHC patients. Our findings suggest the potential of estrogen in SP1 regulation and localization of MAT2A, as therapeutic modalities against in female LIHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Dev-Aur Chou
- Department of General Surgery, Changhua Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center (APFCBC), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Renatino Canevarolo R, Pereira de Souza Melo C, Moreno Cury N, Luiz Artico L, Ronchi Corrêa J, Tonhasca Lau Y, Sousa Mariano S, Reddy Sudalagunta P, Regina Brandalise S, Carolina de Mattos Zeri A, Andrés Yunes J. Glutathione levels are associated with methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032336. [PMID: 36531023 PMCID: PMC9751399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist and nucleotide synthesis inhibitor, is a cornerstone drug used against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its mechanism of action and resistance continues to be unraveled even after decades of clinical use. Methods To better understand the mechanisms of this drug, we accessed the intracellular metabolic content of 13 ALL cell lines treated with MTX by 1H-NMR, and correlated metabolome data with cell proliferation and gene expression. Further, we validated these findings by inhibiting the cellular antioxidant system of the cells in vitro and in vivo in the presence of MTX. Results MTX altered the concentration of 31 out of 70 metabolites analyzed, suggesting inhibition of the glycine cleavage system, the pentose phosphate pathway, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and bile acid uptake. We found that glutathione (GSH) levels were associated with MTX resistance in both treated and untreated cells, suggesting a new constitutive metabolic-based mechanism of resistance to the drug. Gene expression analyses showed that eight genes involved in GSH metabolism were correlated to GSH concentrations, 2 of which (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 [GGT1] and thioredoxin reductase 3 [TXNRD3]) were also correlated to MTX resistance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the association between GSH metabolism and MTX resistance. Pharmacological inhibition or stimulation of the main antioxidant systems of the cell, GSH and thioredoxin, confirmed their importance in MTX resistance. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a thioredoxin inhibitor used against acute promyelocytic leukemia, potentiated MTX cytotoxicity in vitro in some of the ALL cell lines tested. Likewise, the ATO+MTX combination decreased tumor burden and extended the survival of NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice transplanted with patient-derived ALL xenograft, but only in one of four ALLs tested. Conclusion Altogether, our results show that the cellular antioxidant defense systems contribute to leukemia resistance to MTX, and targeting these pathways, especially the thioredoxin antioxidant system, may be a promising strategy for resensitizing ALL to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanca Tonhasca Lau
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Praneeth Reddy Sudalagunta
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Ana Carolina de Mattos Zeri
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Andrés Yunes
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil,Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: José Andrés Yunes,
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Ribosome-Directed Therapies in Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092088. [PMID: 36140189 PMCID: PMC9495564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ribosomes are the cellular machines that participate in protein synthesis, which is deeply affected during cancer transformation by different oncoproteins and is shown to provide cancer cell proliferation and therefore biomass. Cancer diseases are associated with an increase in ribosome biogenesis and mutation of ribosomal proteins. The ribosome represents an attractive anti-cancer therapy target and several strategies are used to identify specific drugs. Here we review the role of different drugs that may decrease ribosome biogenesis and cancer cell proliferation.
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Miazek K, Beton K, Śliwińska A, Brożek-Płuska B. The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081087. [PMID: 36008981 PMCID: PMC9406122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, and is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce the oxidative stress in living organisms. In this review, antioxidant properties of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid are presented based on in vitro, in vivo and populational studies. Firstly, environmental factors contributing to the OS occurrence and intracellular sources of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, as well as ROS-mediated cellular structure degradation, are introduced. Secondly, enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanism of anti-oxidant defence against OS development, is presented. Furthermore, ROS-preventing mechanisms and effectiveness of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as anti-oxidants are summarized, based on studies where different ROS-generating (oxidizing) agents are used. Oxidative stress biomarkers, as indicators on OS level and prevention by anti-oxidant supplementation, are presented with a focus on the methods (spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chromatographic, immuno-enzymatic) of their detection. Finally, the application of Raman spectroscopy and imaging as a tool for monitoring the effect of anti-oxidant (β-carotene, ascorbic acid) on cell structure and metabolism, is proposed. Literature data gathered suggest that β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid possess potential to mitigate oxidative stress in various biological systems. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be a valuable technique to study the effect of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant molecules in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Beton
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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Sedillo JC, Cryns VL. Targeting the methionine addiction of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2249-2276. [PMID: 35693095 PMCID: PMC9185618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is the initiator amino acid for protein synthesis, the methyl source for most nucleotide, chromatin, and protein methylation, and the carbon backbone for various aspects of the cellular antioxidant response and nucleotide biosynthesis. Methionine is provided in the diet and serum methionine levels fluctuate based on dietary methionine content. Within the cell, methionine is recycled from homocysteine via the methionine cycle, which is linked to nutrient status via one-carbon metabolism. Unlike normal cells, many cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, show high methionine cycle activity and are dependent on exogenous methionine for continued growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the methionine dependence of diverse malignancies are poorly understood. Methionine deprivation initiates widespread metabolic alterations in cancer cells that enable them to survive despite limited methionine availability, and these adaptive alterations can be specifically targeted to enhance the activity of methionine deprivation, a strategy we have termed "metabolic priming". Chemotherapy-resistant cell populations such as cancer stem cells, which drive treatment-resistance, are also sensitive to methionine deprivation, suggesting dietary methionine restriction may inhibit metastasis and recurrence. Several clinical trials in cancer are investigating methionine restriction in combination with other agents. This review will explore new insights into the mechanisms of methionine dependence in cancer and therapeutic efforts to translate these insights into enhanced clinical activity of methionine restriction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni C Sedillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
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Hsu FY, Liou JY, Tang FY, Sou NL, Peng JH, Chiang EPI. Ketogenic Diet Consumption Inhibited Mitochondrial One-Carbon Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073650. [PMID: 35409009 PMCID: PMC8998878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the popularity of ketogenic diets, their potential long-term consequences deserve to be more carefully monitored. Mitochondrially derived formate has a critical role in mammalian one-carbon (1C) metabolism and development. The glycine cleavage system (GCS) accounts for another substantial source for mitochondrially derived 1C units. Objective: We investigated how the ketogenic state modulates mitochondrial formate generation and partitioning of 1C metabolic fluxes. Design: HepG2 cells treated with physiological doses (1 mM and 10 mM) of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) were utilized as the in vitro ketogenic model. Eight-week male C57BL/6JNarl mice received either a medium-chain fatty-acid-enriched ketogenic diet (MCT-KD) or a control diet AIN 93M for 8 weeks. Stable isotopic labeling experiments were conducted. Results and Conclusions: MCT-KD is effective in weight and fat loss. Deoxythymidine (dTMP) synthesis from the mitochondrial GCS-derived formate was significantly suppressed by βHB and consumption of MCT-KD. Consistently, plasma formate concentrations, as well as the metabolic fluxes from serine and glycine, were suppressed by MCT-KD. MCT-KD also decreased the fractional contribution of mitochondrially derived formate in methionine synthesis from serine. With the worldwide application, people and medical professionals should be more aware of the potential metabolic perturbations when practicing a long-term ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Yu Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (F.-Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (N.-L.S.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Jia-Ying Liou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (F.-Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (N.-L.S.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Nga-Lai Sou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (F.-Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (N.-L.S.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hau Peng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (F.-Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (N.-L.S.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (F.-Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (N.-L.S.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22853049
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9
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Carter LM, McGonagle D, Vital EM, Wittmann M. Applying Early Intervention Strategies to Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Is the Window of Opportunity Preclinical? A Dermato-Rheumatology Perspective. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:944-950. [PMID: 35034771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many inflammatory skin diseases exhibit a chronic course with unsatisfactory long-term outcomes. Insights into early intervention approaches in other autoimmune contexts could improve the trajectory of lifelong diseases in terms of sustained remission or minimal disease activity, reduced requirement for therapy and medical resource use, and improved QoL. In both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), we have learned that the timing and intensity of early interventions can influence later outcomes. Investigation into early RA, PsA, and systemic lupus erythematosus has shown that the optimal window of opportunity may even extend into asymptomatic preclinical phases of diseases. Notably, early and preclinical diseases may have pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets that differ from those of the established disease. In this paper, we review the literature on these insights and discuss how similar research and therapeutic strategies may be investigated in cutaneous autoimmunity. We highlight the contribution of skin-resident cells to diseases that were previously thought to be initiated in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs of the immune system. We focus on two dermato‒rheumatology conditions-lupus and psoriasis-which share the commonality that effective early cutaneous disease therapy may have far-reaching implications on abrogating potentially severe systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M Carter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Funk RS, Becker ML. Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Exogenous and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites as Markers of Methotrexate Efficacy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768599. [PMID: 34955838 PMCID: PMC8695929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in methotrexate (MTX) efficacy represents a barrier to early and effective disease control in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This work seeks to understand the impact of MTX on the plasma metabolome and to identify metabolic biomarkers of MTX efficacy in a prospective cohort of children with JIA. Plasma samples from a cohort of children with JIA (n = 30) collected prior to the initiation of MTX and after 3 months of therapy were analyzed using a semi-targeted global metabolomic platform detecting 673 metabolites across a diversity of biochemical classes. Disease activity was measured using the 71-joint count juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS-71) and clinical response to MTX was based on achievement of ACR Pedi 70 response. Metabolomic analysis identified 50 metabolites from diverse biochemical classes that were altered following the initiation of MTX (p < 0.05) with 15 metabolites reaching a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value (q-value) of less than 0.05. Enrichment analysis identified a class-wide reduction in unsaturated triglycerides following initiation of MTX (q = 0.0009). Twelve of the identified metabolites were significantly associated with disease activity by JADAS-71. Reductions in three metabolites were found to be associated with clinical response by ACR Pedi 70 response criteria and represented several microbiota and exogenously derived metabolites including: dehydrocholic acid, biotin, and 4-picoline. These findings support diverse metabolic changes following initiation of MTX in children with JIA and identify metabolites associated with microbial metabolism and exogenous sources associated with MTX efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sol Funk
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Mara L Becker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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11
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Zhang TP, Li HM, Huang Q, Wang L, Li XM. Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway Genes Polymorphisms and Their Methylation Levels in Association With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731565. [PMID: 34925313 PMCID: PMC8677352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vitamin D metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and methylation levels in vitamin D metabolic pathway genes with RA susceptibility. Ten SNPs in vitamin D metabolic pathway genes (CYP2R1, CYP24A1, VDR, CYP27B1) were genotyped in 477 RA patients and 496 controls by improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). The methylation levels of the promoter regions of these genes were detected in 122 RA patients and 123 controls using Illumina Hiseq platform. We found that the CYP2R1 rs1993116 GA genotype, CYP27B1 rs4646536 GA genotype, rs4646536 A allele frequencies were significantly increased in RA patients when compared to controls. The decreased risk of rs1993116, rs4646536 was found under the dominant mode in RA patients. However, no significant association was found between CYP2R1 rs7936142, rs12794714, CYP24A1 rs2762934, rs6068816, rs2296239, rs2296241, VDR rs11574129, rs3847987 polymorphism, and RA susceptibility. The VDR, CYP27B1 methylation levels in RA patients were significantly lower than those in controls, while CYP2R1, CYP24A1 methylation levels were not associated with RA. There were no statistical associations between CYP2R1, CYP24A1, VDR, CYP27B1 methylation levels and their respective genotype in RA patients. In addition, plasma 25OHD level in RA patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. In summary, our results showed that CYP2R1, CYP27B1 genetic variations were associated with the genetic background of RA, while altered VDR, CYP27B1 methylation levels were related to the risk of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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12
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Histone H3 lysine-trimethylation markers are decreased by recombinant methioninase and increased by methotrexate at concentrations which inhibit methionine-addicted osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101177. [PMID: 34877414 PMCID: PMC8633566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer cells, which require exogenous methionine, despite their ability to synthesize normal amounts of methionine from homocysteine. In contrast, methionine-independent normal cells do not require exogenous methionine in the presence of a methionine precursor. The methionine addiction of cancer cells is due to excess transmethylation reactions. We have previously shown that histone H3 lysine marks are over-methylated in cancer cells and the over-methylation is unstable when the cancer cells are restricted of methionine. In the present study, we show that methionine-addicted osteosarcoma cells are sensitive to both methotrexate (MTX) and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), but they affect histone H3 lysine-methylation in the opposite direction. Concentrations of MTX and rMETase, which inhibit osteosarcoma cells viability to 20%, had opposing effects on the status of histone methylation of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. rMETase significantly decreased the amount of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. In contrast, MTX significantly increased the amount of H3K9me and H3K27me3. The results suggest that increase or decrease in these methylated histone lysine marks is associated with proliferation arrest of methionine-addicted osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma cells are sensitive to both methotrexate and recombinant methioninase. MTX increased the amount of H3K9me and H3K27me3. RMETase decreased the amount of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Increase/decrease in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 is associated with proliferation arrest.
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13
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Rozalski R, Gackowski D, Skalska-Bugala A, Starczak M, Siomek-Gorecka A, Zarakowska E, Modrzejewska M, Dziaman T, Szpila A, Linowiecka K, Guz J, Szpotan J, Gawronski M, Labejszo A, Gackowska L, Foksinski M, Olinska E, Wasilow A, Koltan A, Styczynski J, Olinski R. The urinary excretion of epigenetically modified DNA as a marker of pediatric ALL status and chemotherapy response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21345. [PMID: 34725426 PMCID: PMC8560782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The active DNA demethylation process may be linked to aberrant methylation and may be involved in leukemogenesis. We investigated the role of epigenetic DNA modifications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnostics and therapy monitoring. We analyzed the levels of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) oxidation products in the cellular DNA and urine of children with ALL (at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, n = 55) using two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (2D UPLC–MS/MS). Moreover, the expression of Ten Eleven Translocation enzymes (TETs) at the mRNA and protein levels was determined. Additionally, the ascorbate level in the blood plasma was analyzed. Before treatment, the ALL patients had profoundly higher levels of the analyzed modified DNA in their urine than the controls. After chemotherapy, we observed a statistically significant decrease in active demethylation products in urine, with a final level similar to the level characteristic of healthy children. The level of 5-hmdC in the DNA of the leukocytes in blood of the patient group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Our data suggest that urinary excretion of epigenetic DNA modification may be a marker of pediatric ALL status and a reliable marker of chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Rozalski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skalska-Bugala
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Starczak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siomek-Gorecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziaman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Szpila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jolanta Guz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Szpotan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawronski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Labejszo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Foksinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elwira Olinska
- District Health Center in Kartuzy, 83-300, Kartuzy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wasilow
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Koltan
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Styczynski
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ryszard Olinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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14
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Wu MT, Ye WT, Wang YC, Chen PM, Liu JY, Tai CK, Tang FY, Li JR, Liu CC, Chiang EPI. MTHFR Knockdown Assists Cell Defense against Folate Depletion Induced Chromosome Segregation and Uracil Misincorporation in DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179392. [PMID: 34502300 PMCID: PMC8431311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate depletion causes chromosomal instability by increasing DNA strand breakage, uracil misincorporation, and defective repair. Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism has been suggested to play a key role in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through influencing DNA integrity. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the enzyme catalyzing the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate that can control folate cofactor distributions and modulate the partitioning of intracellular one-carbon moieties. The association between MTHFR polymorphisms and HCC risk is inconsistent and remains controversial in populational studies. We aimed to establish an in vitro cell model of liver origin to elucidate the interactions between MTHFR function, folate status, and chromosome stability. In the present study, we (1) examined MTHFR expression in HCC patients; (2) established cell models of liver origin with stabilized inhibition of MTHFR using small hairpin RNA delivered by a lentiviral vector, and (3) investigated the impacts of reduced MTHFR and folate status on cell cycle, methyl group homeostasis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and DNA stability, all of which are pathways involved in DNA integrity and repair and are critical in human tumorigenesis. By analyzing the TCGA/GTEx datasets available within GEPIA2, we discovered that HCC cancer patients with higher MTHFR had a worse survival rate. The shRNA of MTHFR (shMTHFR) resulted in decreased MTHFR gene expression, MTHFR protein, and enzymatic activity in human hepatoma cell HepG2. shMTHFR tended to decrease intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) contents but folate depletion similarly decreased SAM in wildtype (WT), negative control (Neg), and shMTHFR cells, indicating that in cells of liver origin, shMTHFR does not exacerbate the methyl group supply in folate depletion. shMTHFR caused cell accumulations in the G2/M, and cell population in the G2/M was inversely correlated with MTHFR gene level (r = −0.81, p < 0.0001), MTHFR protein expression (r = −0.8; p = 0.01), and MTHFR enzyme activity (r = −0.842; p = 0.005). Folate depletion resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest in WT and Neg but not in shMTHFR cells, indicating that shMTHFR does not exacerbate folate depletion-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, shMTHFR promoted the expression and translocation of nuclei thymidine synthetic enzyme complex SHMT1/DHFR/TYMS and assisted folate-dependent de novo nucleotide biosynthesis under folate restriction. Finally, shMTHFR promoted nuclear MLH1/p53 expression under folate deficiency and further reduced micronuclei formation and DNA uracil misincorporation under folate deficiency. In conclusion, shMTHFR in HepG2 induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M that may promote nucleotide supply and assist cell defense against folate depletion-induced chromosome segregation and uracil misincorporation in the DNA. This study provided insight into the significant impact of MTHFR function on chromosome stability of hepatic tissues. Data from the present study may shed light on the potential regulatory mechanism by which MTHFR modulates the risk for hepatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Wu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Ye
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jun-You Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Chien-Kuo Tai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.-R.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chun-Chi Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.-R.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (M.-T.W.); (W.-T.Y.); (Y.-C.W.); (P.-M.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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15
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MAT2A Localization and Its Independently Prognostic Relevance in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105382. [PMID: 34065390 PMCID: PMC8161225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: methionine cycle is not only essential for cancer cell proliferation but is also critical for metabolic reprogramming, a cancer hallmark. Hepatic and extrahepatic tissues methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs) are products of two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A that catalyze the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal biological methyl donor. Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) further utilizes SAM for sarcosine formation, thus it regulates the ratio of SAM:S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). (2) Methods: by analyzing the TCGA/GTEx datasets available within GEPIA2, we discovered that breast cancer patients with higher MAT2A had worse survival rate (p = 0.0057). Protein expression pattern of MAT1AA, MAT2A and GNMT were investigated in the tissue microarray in our own cohort (n = 252) by immunohistochemistry. MAT2A C/N expression ratio and cell invasion activity were further investigated in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. (3) Results: GNMT and MAT1A were detected in the cytoplasm, whereas MAT2A showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity. Neither GNMT nor MAT1A protein expression was associated with patient survival rate in our cohort. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that a higher cytoplasmic/nuclear (C/N) MAT2A protein expression ratio correlated with poor overall survival (5 year survival rate: 93.7% vs. 83.3%, C/N ratio ≥ 1.0 vs. C/N ratio < 1.0, log-rank p = 0.004). Accordingly, a MAT2A C/N expression ratio ≥ 1.0 was determined as an independent risk factor by Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio = 2.771, p = 0.018, n = 252). In vitro studies found that breast cancer cell lines with a higher MAT2A C/N ratio were more invasive. (4) Conclusions: the subcellular localization of MAT2A may affect its functions, and elevated MAT2A C/N ratio in breast cancer cells is associated with increased invasiveness. MAT2A C/N expression ratio determined by IHC staining could serve as a novel independent prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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16
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Sou NL, Huang YH, Chen DY, Chen YM, Tang FY, Ko HA, Fan YH, Lin YY, Wang YC, Chih HM, Shane B, Huang WN, Chiang EPI. Folinate Supplementation Ameliorates Methotrexate Induced Mitochondrial Formate Depletion In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1350. [PMID: 33572934 PMCID: PMC7866403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Antifolate methotrexate (MTX) is the most common disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for treating human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mitochondrial-produced formate is essential for folate-mediated one carbon (1C) metabolism. The impacts of MTX on formate homeostasis in unknown, and rigorously controlled kinetic studies can greatly help in this regard. (2) Methods: Combining animal model (8-week old female C57BL/6JNarl mice, n = 18), cell models, stable isotopic tracer studies with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) platforms, we systematically investigated how MTX interferes with the partitioning of mitochondrial and cytosolic formate metabolism. (3) Results: MTX significantly reduced de novo deoxythymidylate (dTMP) and methionine biosyntheses from mitochondrial-derived formate in cells, mouse liver, and bone marrow, supporting our postulation that MTX depletes mitochondrial 1C supply. Furthermore, MTX inhibited formate generation from mitochondria glycine cleavage system (GCS) both in vitro and in vivo. Folinate selectively rescued 1C metabolic pathways in a tissue-, cellular compartment-, and pathway-specific manner: folinate effectively reversed the inhibition of mitochondrial formate-dependent 1C metabolism in mouse bone marrow (dTMP, methionine, and GCS) and cells (dTMP and GCS) but not methionine synthesis in liver/liver-derived cells. Folinate failed to fully recover hepatic mitochondrial-formate utilization for methionine synthesis, suggesting that the efficacy of clinical folinate rescue in MTX therapy on hepatic methionine metabolism is poor. (4) Conclusion: Conducting studies in mouse and cell models, we demonstrate novel findings that MTX specifically depletes mitochondrial 1C supply that can be ameliorated by folinate supplementation except for hepatic transmethylation. These results imply that clinical use of low-dose MTX may particularly impede 1C metabolism via depletion of mitochondrial formate. The MTX induced systematic and tissue-specific formate depletion needs to be addressed more carefully, and the efficacy of folinate with respect to protecting against such depletion deserves to be evaluated in medical practice.
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Grants
- 108-2321-B-005-004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2320-B005-003-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2621-M005-008-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2321-B-005-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 108-2321-B-005 -004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 107-2320-B039-008-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 104-2320-B-039-041-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- CMU103-ASIA-20 China Medical University, Taiwan
- CMU103-S-46 China Medical University, Taiwan
- CMU104-S-32 China Medical University, Taiwan
- 997608 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- 1077602 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga-Lai Sou
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (W.-N.H.)
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (W.-N.H.)
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-An Ko
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Fan
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hui-Ming Chih
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Department of Nursing and Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Barry Shane
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA;
| | - Wen-Nan Huang
- Allergy Immunology Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TVGH), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (D.-Y.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (W.-N.H.)
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.-L.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-A.K.); (Y.-H.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.W.); (H.-M.C.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
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17
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Tan YL, Sou NL, Tang FY, Ko HA, Yeh WT, Peng JH, Chiang EPI. Tracing Metabolic Fate of Mitochondrial Glycine Cleavage System Derived Formate In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228808. [PMID: 33233834 PMCID: PMC7699879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate-mediated one-carbon (1C) metabolism is a major target of many therapies in human diseases. Studies have focused on the metabolism of serine 3-carbon as it serves as a major source for 1C units. The serine 3-carbon enters the mitochondria transferred by folate cofactors and eventually converted to formate and serves as a major building block for cytosolic 1C metabolism. Abnormal glycine metabolism has been reported in many human pathological conditions. The mitochondrial glycine cleavage system (GCS) catalyzes glycine degradation to CO2 and ammonium, while tetrahydrofolate (THF) is converted into 5,10-methylene-THF. GCS accounts for a substantial proportion of whole-body glycine flux in humans, yet the particular metabolic route of glycine 2-carbon recycled from GCS during mitochondria glycine decarboxylation in hepatic or bone marrow 1C metabolism is not fully investigated, due to the limited accessibility of human tissues. Labeled glycine at 2-carbon was given to humans and primary cells in previous studies for investigating its incorporations into purines, its interconversion with serine, or the CO2 production in the mitochondria. Less is known on the metabolic fate of the glycine 2-carbon recycled from the GCS; hence, a model system tracing its metabolic fate would help in this regard. We took the direct approach of isotopic labeling to further explore the in vitro and in vivo metabolic fate of the 2-carbon from [2-13C]glycine and [2-13C]serine. As the 2-carbon of glycine and serine is decarboxylated and catabolized via the GCS, the original 13C-labeled 2-carbon is transferred to THF and yield methyleneTHF in the mitochondria. In human hepatoma cell-lines, 2-carbon from glycine was found to be incorporated into deoxythymidine (dTMP, dT + 1), M + 3 species of purines (deoxyadenine, dA and deoxyguanine, dG), and methionine (Met + 1). In healthy mice, incorporation of GCS-derived formate from glycine 2-carbon was found in serine (Ser + 2 via cytosolic serine hydroxy methyl transferase), methionine, dTMP, and methylcytosine (mC + 1) in bone marrow DNA. In these experiments, labeled glycine 2-carbon directly incorporates into Ser + 1, A + 2, and G + 2 (at C2 and C8 of purine) in the cytosol. It is noteworthy that since the serine 3-carbon is unlabeled in these experiments, the isotopic enrichments in dT + 1, Ser + 2, dA + 3, dG + 3, and Met + 1 solely come from the 2-carbon of glycine/serine recycled from GCS, re-enters the cytosolic 1C metabolism as formate, and then being used for cytosolic syntheses of serine, dTMP, purine (M + 3) and methionine. Taken together, we established model systems and successfully traced the metabolic fate of mitochondrial GCS-derived formate from glycine 2-carbon in vitro and in vivo. Nutritional supply significantly alters formate generation from GCS. More GCS-derived formate was used in hepatic serine and methionine syntheses, whereas more GCS-derived formate was used in dTMP synthesis in the bone marrow, indicating that the utilization and partitioning of GCS-derived 1C unit are tissue-specific. These approaches enable better understanding concerning the utilization of 1C moiety generated from mitochondrial GCS that can help to further elucidate the role of GCS in human disease development and progression in future applications. More studies on GCS using these approaches are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ling Tan
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Nga-Lai Sou
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-An Ko
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Wei-Ting Yeh
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Jian-Hau Peng
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Microbial Genomics Ph.D. Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (N.-L.S.); (H.-A.K.); (W.-T.Y.); (J.-H.P.)
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Microbial Genomics Ph.D. Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22853049; Fax: +886-4-22876211
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The advances of methotrexate resistance in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1183-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Kodidela S, Dorababu P, Thakkar DN, Dubashi B, Sundaram R, Muralidharan N, Nidanapu RP, Aribandi A, Pradhan SC, Uppugunduri CRS. Association of NUDT15*3 and FPGS 2572C>T Variants with the Risk of Early Hematologic Toxicity During 6-MP and Low-Dose Methotrexate-Based Maintenance Therapy in Indian Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060594. [PMID: 32481505 PMCID: PMC7349017 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants influencing the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of the chemotherapeutic drugs used in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) therapy often contribute to the occurrence of treatment related toxicity (TRT). In this study, we explored the association of candidate genetic variants with early hematological TRT (grade 3–4) occurring within the first 100 days of low-dose methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine based maintenance therapy (n = 73). Fourteen variants in the following candidate genes were genotyped using allele discrimination assay by real-time PCR: ABCB1, DHFR, GGH, FPGS, MTHFR, RFC1, SLCO1B1, TPMT, and NUDT15. Methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXPG3-5) levels in red blood cells were measured by LC-MS/MS. Early hematological TRT (grade 3–4) was seen in 54.9% of patients. The NUDT15c.415T allele was associated with early TRT occurrence [HR: 3.04 (95% CI: 1.5–6.1); p = 0.007]. Sensitivity of early TRT prediction improved (from 30.7% to 89.7%) by considering FPGS variant (rs1544105’T’) carrier status along with NUDT15c.415T allele [HR = 2.7 (1.5–4.7, p = 0.008)]. None of the considered genetic variants were associated with MTXPG3-5 levels, which in turn were not associated with early TRT. NUDT15c.415T allele carrier status could be used as a stratifying marker for Indian ALL patients to distinguish patients at high or low risk of developing early hematological TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kodidela
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Heath Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (C.R.S.U.)
| | - Patchava Dorababu
- Department of Pharmacology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad 500090, India;
| | - Dimpal N. Thakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India; (D.N.T.); (R.S.); (R.P.N.)
| | - Biswajit Dubashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India;
| | - Rajan Sundaram
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India; (D.N.T.); (R.S.); (R.P.N.)
| | - Niveditha Muralidharan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India;
| | - Ravi Prasad Nidanapu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India; (D.N.T.); (R.S.); (R.P.N.)
| | - Anil Aribandi
- Division of Haemato-Oncology, Care Hospitals, Hyderabad 500019, India;
- American Oncology Institute, Nallagandla Serilingampalli, Hyderabad 500019, India
| | - Suresh Chandra Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751024, India;
| | - Chakradhara Rao Satyanarayana Uppugunduri
- Onco-Hematology Unit, Research Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (C.R.S.U.)
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20
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Heil SG. Genetics of high-dose methotrexate-induced oral mucositis: current perspectives. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:621-623. [PMID: 31250729 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Methionine Adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) Enhances Cell Survival During Chemotherapy Treatment and is Associated with Drug Resistance in Bladder Cancer PDX Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204983. [PMID: 31600961 PMCID: PMC6829260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is among the top ten most common cancers, with about ~380,000 new cases and ~150,000 deaths per year worldwide. Tumor relapse following chemotherapy treatment has long been a significant challenge towards completely curing cancer. We have utilized a patient-derived bladder cancer xenograft (PDX) platform to characterize molecular mechanisms that contribute to relapse following drug treatment in advanced bladder cancer. Transcriptomic profiling of bladder cancer xenograft tumors by RNA-sequencing analysis, before and after relapse, following a 21-day cisplatin/gemcitabine drug treatment regimen identified methionine adenosyltransferase 1a (MAT1A) as one of the significantly upregulated genes following drug treatment. Survey of patient tumor sections confirmed elevated levels of MAT1A in individuals who received chemotherapy. Overexpression of MAT1A in 5637 bladder cancer cells increased tolerance to gemcitabine and stalled cell proliferation rates, suggesting MAT1A upregulation as a potential mechanism by which bladder cancer cells persist in a quiescent state to evade chemotherapy.
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22
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Gosselt HR, van Zelst BD, de Rotte MCFJ, Hazes JMW, de Jonge R, Heil SG. Higher baseline global leukocyte DNA methylation is associated with MTX non-response in early RA patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:157. [PMID: 31242943 PMCID: PMC6595617 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA). Up to 40% of eRA patients do not benefit from MTX therapy. MTX has been shown to inhibit one-carbon metabolism, which is involved in the donation of methyl groups. In this study, we investigate baseline global DNA methylation and changes in DNA methylation during treatment in relation to clinical non-response after 3 months of MTX treatment. METHODS Two hundred ninety-four blood samples were collected from the Treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort (tREACH, ISRCTN26791028), a multicenter, stratified single-blind clinical trial of eRA patients. Global DNA (hydroxy)methylation was quantified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and validated with a global DNA LINE-1 methylation technique. MTX response was determined as ΔDAS28. Additionally, patients were stratified into two response groups according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Associations between global DNA methylation and response were examined using univariate regression models adjusted for baseline DAS28, baseline erythrocyte folate levels, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Higher baseline global DNA methylation was associated with less decrease of DAS28 (β = 0.15, p = 0.013) and with MTX non-response (OR = 0.010, 95% CI = 0.001-0.188). This result was validated in LINE-1 elements (β = 0.22, p = 0.026). Changes in global DNA (hydroxy)methylation were not associated with MTX response over 3 months. CONCLUSIONS These results show that higher baseline global DNA methylation in treatment naïve eRA patients is associated with decreased clinical response after 3 months of treatment of eRA patients and can be further evaluated as a predictor for MTX therapy non-response. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN26791028 , registered 23 August 2007-retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Gosselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand D van Zelst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits C F J de Rotte
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M W Hazes
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center of Excellence - Inflammunity, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Academic Center of Excellence - Inflammunity, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Awad D, Prattes M, Kofler L, Rössler I, Loibl M, Pertl M, Zisser G, Wolinski H, Pertschy B, Bergler H. Inhibiting eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis. BMC Biol 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 31182083 PMCID: PMC6558755 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosome biogenesis is a central process in every growing cell. In eukaryotes, it requires more than 250 non-ribosomal assembly factors, most of which are essential. Despite this large repertoire of potential targets, only very few chemical inhibitors of ribosome biogenesis are known so far. Such inhibitors are valuable tools to study this highly dynamic process and elucidate mechanistic details of individual maturation steps. Moreover, ribosome biogenesis is of particular importance for fast proliferating cells, suggesting its inhibition could be a valid strategy for treatment of tumors or infections. RESULTS We systematically screened ~ 1000 substances for inhibitory effects on ribosome biogenesis using a microscopy-based screen scoring ribosomal subunit export defects. We identified 128 compounds inhibiting maturation of either the small or the large ribosomal subunit or both. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that these inhibitors cause a broad spectrum of different rRNA processing defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the individual inhibitors affect a wide range of different maturation steps within the ribosome biogenesis pathway. Our results provide for the first time a comprehensive set of inhibitors to study ribosome biogenesis by chemical inhibition of individual maturation steps and establish the process as promising druggable pathway for chemical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Awad
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Present address: Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Prattes
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Kofler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Rössler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Loibl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Pertl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gertrude Zisser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Pertschy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Helmut Bergler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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24
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Mathieu J, Detraux D, Kuppers D, Wang Y, Cavanaugh C, Sidhu S, Levy S, Robitaille AM, Ferreccio A, Bottorff T, McAlister A, Somasundaram L, Artoni F, Battle S, Hawkins RD, Moon RT, Ware CB, Paddison PJ, Ruohola-Baker H. Folliculin regulates mTORC1/2 and WNT pathways in early human pluripotency. Nat Commun 2019; 10:632. [PMID: 30733432 PMCID: PMC6367455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To reveal how cells exit human pluripotency, we designed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen exploiting the metabolic and epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent cells. We identify the tumor suppressor, Folliculin(FLCN) as a critical gene required for the exit from human pluripotency. Here we show that FLCN Knock-out (KO) hESCs maintain the naïve pluripotent state but cannot exit the state since the critical transcription factor TFE3 remains active in the nucleus. TFE3 targets up-regulated in FLCN KO exit assay are members of Wnt pathway and ESRRB. Treatment of FLCN KO hESC with a Wnt inhibitor, but not ESRRB/FLCN double mutant, rescues the cells, allowing the exit from the naïve state. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis we identify unique FLCN binding partners. The interactions of FLCN with components of the mTOR pathway (mTORC1 and mTORC2) reveal a mechanism of FLCN function during exit from naïve pluripotency. The pathways involved in exit from pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells are poorly understood. Here, the authors performed a CRISPR-based screen to identify genes that promote exit from naïve pluripotency and find a role for folliculin (FLCN) by regulating the mTOR and Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - D Detraux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology (URBC), University of Namur, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - D Kuppers
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - C Cavanaugh
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S Sidhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - A M Robitaille
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - A Ferreccio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - T Bottorff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - A McAlister
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - L Somasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - F Artoni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S Battle
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R D Hawkins
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R T Moon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - C B Ware
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - P J Paddison
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - H Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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25
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Shao Y, Tan B, Shi J, Zhou Q. Methotrexate induces astrocyte apoptosis by disrupting folate metabolism in the mouse juvenile central nervous system. Toxicol Lett 2019; 301:146-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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MTHFR C677T polymorphism increases MTX sensitivity via the inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine and de novo purine synthesis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:253-267. [PMID: 30606816 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Currently, no guidelines are established for pharmacogenomic testing involving folate metabolic genes in long-term disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs' (DMARD) therapies. We carefully investigated how common genetic variations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) influence cellular metabolic kinetics in response to methotrexate (MTX). Designs: Two distinct cell models: HepG2 with stabilized MTHFR inhibition using shRNA delivered by a Lentiviral vector; and Epstein-Barr virus transformed human lymphoblasts expressing MTHFR polymorphic allele 677C and 677T were used. Disease activity and DMARD use were compared between MTHFR-677CC, CT and TT rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a cross-sectional study (n=120). Results: Compared with MTHFR-CC, MTHFR-TT carriers had lower mean weakly MTX dose (9.8 ± 3.3 compared with 12.1 ± 3.5, P<0.05). More MTHFR-TT carriers (8/11, 73%) reported MTX-related side effects compared with MTHFR-677CC (32/57, 56%) and MTHFR-677CT (30/51, 59%). No genotypic difference was found in other DMARDs. At the same dose of MTX, lymphoblasts were more sensitive in cell survival, protein and thymidine syntheses whereas HepG2 models were more susceptible to the inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (adoMet) synthesis. MTHFR-C677T altered protein turnover and folate mediated 1-carbon metabolic fluxes in lymphoblasts with and without MTX. MTHFR function significantly affected transmethylation fluxes and adoMet homeostasis but not nucleotide biosyntheses in MTX-treated HepG2 cell-lines. Conclusion: Combining cell models, kinetic studies, and genetic tests in humans, the present study gives insight on how MTHFR effects hepatic transmethylation homeostasis during MTX therapy. We provide platforms that help predict the genetic impact on antifolate drugs, and further delineate tissue-specific target pathway in DMARD therapies. We suggest that genetic factors should be taken into account in clinical practice.
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27
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Global methylation in relation to methotrexate-induced oral mucositis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199574. [PMID: 29985926 PMCID: PMC6037363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) often suffer from toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs such as Methotrexate (MTX). Previously, we reported that 20% of patients receiving high-dose MTX developed oral mucositis. MTX inhibits folate metabolism, which is essential for DNA methylation. We hypothesize that MTX inhibits DNA methylation, which results into adverse effects. We studied DNA methylation markers during high-dose methotrexate treatment in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relation to developing oral mucositis. Materials & methods S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAM) and S-Adenosyl-Homocysteine (SAH) levels and LINE1 DNA methylation were measured prospectively before and after high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX 4 x 5g/m2) therapy in 82 children with ALL. Methotrexate-induced oral mucositis was registered prospectively. Oral mucositis (grade ≥ 3 National Cancer Institute Criteria) was used as clinical endpoint. Results SAM levels decreased significantly during methotrexate therapy (-16.1 nmol/L (-144.0 –+46.0), p<0.001), while SAH levels and the SAM:SAH ratio did not change significantly. LINE1 DNA methylation (+1.4% (-1.1 –+6.5), p<0.001) increased during therapy. SAM and SAH levels were not correlated to LINE1 DNA methylation status. No association was found between DNA methylation markers and developing oral mucositis. Conclusions This was the first study that assessed DNA methylation in relation to MTX-induced oral mucositis in children with ALL. Although global methylation markers did change during methotrexate therapy, methylation status was not associated with developing oral mucositis.
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28
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Taylor JC, Bongartz T, Massey J, Mifsud B, Spiliopoulou A, Scott IC, Wang J, Morgan M, Plant D, Colombo M, Orchard P, Twigg S, McInnes IB, Porter D, Freeston JE, Nam JL, Cordell HJ, Isaacs JD, Strathdee JL, Arnett D, de Hair MJH, Tak PP, Aslibekyan S, van Vollenhoven RF, Padyukov L, Bridges SL, Pitzalis C, Cope AP, Verstappen SMM, Emery P, Barnes MR, Agakov F, McKeigue P, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Weinshilboum R, Barton A, Morgan AW, Barrett JH. Genome-wide association study of response to methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:528-538. [PMID: 29795407 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy is a common first treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but many patients do not respond adequately. In order to identify genetic predictors of response, we have combined data from two consortia to carry out a genome-wide study of response to MTX in 1424 early RA patients of European ancestry. Clinical endpoints were change from baseline to 6 months after starting treatment in swollen 28-joint count, tender 28-joint count, C-reactive protein and the overall 3-component disease activity score (DAS28). No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached genome-wide statistical significance for any outcome measure. The strongest evidence for association was with rs168201 in NRG3 (p = 10-7 for change in DAS28). Some support was also seen for association with ZMIZ1, previously highlighted in a study of response to MTX in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Follow-up in two smaller cohorts of 429 and 177 RA patients did not support these findings, although these cohorts were more heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Massey
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Athina Spiliopoulou
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK.,Pharmatics Ltd., 9, Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian C Scott
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University and Department of Rheumatology, Haywood Hospital, High Lane, Burslem, Staffordshire, UK.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darren Plant
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco Colombo
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Orchard
- Pharmatics Ltd., 9, Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Twigg
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Duncan Porter
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jane E Freeston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jackie L Nam
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - John D Isaacs
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing and Long Term Conditions, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jenna L Strathdee
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Donna Arnett
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Paul P Tak
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.,Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ronald F van Vollenhoven
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Felix Agakov
- Pharmatics Ltd., 9, Little France Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul McKeigue
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Anne Barton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester BRC, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ann W Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Kusari F, O'Doherty AM, Hodges NJ, Wojewodzic MW. Bi-directional effects of vitamin B 12 and methotrexate on Daphnia magna fitness and genomic methylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11872. [PMID: 28928387 PMCID: PMC5605502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we interrogated, using three separate but complementary experimental approaches, the impact of vitamin B12 availability and methotrexate exposure on Daphnia magna, which we hypothesised should have an opposite effect on One carbon metabolism (OCM). OCM is a vital biological process supporting a variety of physiological processes, including DNA methylation. Contrary to mammalian models, this process remains largely unexplored in invertebrates. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of OCM short-term alteration on the fitness and epigenome of the keystone species, Daphnia. We used maternal age at reproduction, brood size and survival rates in combination with DNA methylation sensitive comet assay to determine the effects of vitamin B12 or MTX on fitness and the epigenome. Vitamin B12 had a positive influence on Daphnia fitness and we provide evidence demonstrating that this may be associated with an increased level of genome-wide DNA methylation. Conversely, exposing D. magna to MTX negatively influenced the fitness of the animals and was associated with loss of global DNA methylation, translating in decreased fitness. These results highlight the potential importance of OCM in invertebrates, providing novel evidence supporting a potential role for epigenetic modifications to the genome in D. magna environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitore Kusari
- University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - Alan M O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK
| | - Marcin W Wojewodzic
- University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT,, UK.
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Forster VJ, McDonnell A, Theobald R, McKay JA. Effect of methotrexate/vitamin B 12 on DNA methylation as a potential factor in leukemia treatment-related neurotoxicity. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1205-1218. [PMID: 28809129 PMCID: PMC5638018 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is administered to treat childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It acts by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase which reduces methyltetrahydrofolate, a key component in one carbon metabolism, thus reducing cell proliferation. Further perturbations to one carbon metabolism, such as reduced vitamin B12 levels via the use of nitrous oxide for sedation during childhood ALL treatment, may increase neurotoxicity risk. With B12 as an enzymatic cofactor, methyltetrahydrofolate is essential to produce methionine, which is critical for DNA methylation. We investigated global and gene specific DNA methylation in neuronal cell lines in response to MTX treatment and vitamin B12 concentration individually, and in combination. Results: MTX treatment alone significantly increased LINE-1 methylation in SH-SY5Y (p = 0.040) and DAOY (p < 0.001), and increased FKBP5 methylation in MO3.13 cells (p = 0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that altered DNA methylation of brain/central nervous system cells could be one mechanism involved in MTX treatment-related neurotoxicities and neurocognitive late effects in ALL survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Forster
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alex McDonnell
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel Theobald
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jill A McKay
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Epigenetic therapies, still in the midway between facts and fiction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:311-312. [PMID: 28571731 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sramek M, Neradil J, Veselska R. Much more than you expected: The non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:499-503. [PMID: 27993660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, methotrexate (MTX; amethopterin) has been known as an antifolate inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and it is widely used for the treatment of various malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Although the inclusion of MTX in various therapeutic regimens is based on its ability to inhibit DHFR and consequently to suppress the synthesis of pyrimidine and purine precursors, recent studies have shown that MTX is also able to target other intracellular pathways that are independent of folate metabolism. SCOPE OF REVIEW The main aim of this review is to summarize the most important, up-to-date findings of studies regarding the non-DHFR-mediated mechanisms of MTX action. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of MTX is undoubtedly caused by its capability to affect various intracellular pathways at many levels. Although the most important therapeutic mechanism of MTX is strongly based on the inhibition of DHFR, many other effects of this compound have been described and new studies bring new insights into the pharmacology of MTX every year. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification of these new targets for MTX is especially important for a better understanding of MTX action in new protocols of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sramek
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.
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Guo Y, Cui JY, Lu H, Klaassen CD. Effect of nine diets on mRNAs of phase-II conjugation enzymes in livers of mice. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:645-654. [PMID: 27686132 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1213926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Phase-II enzymes are important in metabolizing many xenobiotics including prescription drugs and chemical carcinogens. Whereas it is known that diet can alter the expression of phase-II conjugation enzymes, the previous studies are limited in using only two or three diets and examining only a few enzymes. 2. Adult male C57BL6 mice were fed one of nine diets for 3 weeks. Of the 87 genes encoding major hepatic phase-II enzymes, approximately one-half (43) were altered by at least one diet. Diet restriction altered the hepatic expression of the most genes encoding phase-II enzymes (27), followed by lab chow (15), atherogenic diet (13), high-fat diet (10), western diet (7), high-fructose diet (5), and essential fatty acid-deficient diet (3), whereas the low n-3 fatty acid diet had no effect on the hepatic expression of these phase-II enzymes. 3. This comprehensive study provides detailed information on which conjugation enzymes are changed by these diets, and these data can be used to further investigate the mechanism for these changes in messenger RNAs, and whether these changes result in alterations in enzyme activity and drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.,b Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China , and
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Hong Lu
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY , USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
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Krushkal J, Zhao Y, Hose C, Monks A, Doroshow JH, Simon R. Concerted changes in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in DNA methylation, demethylation, and folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism pathways in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel in response to cancer drug treatment. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:73. [PMID: 27347216 PMCID: PMC4919895 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation are abundant in cancer, and epigenetic pathways are increasingly being targeted in cancer drug treatment. Genetic components of the folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism pathway can affect DNA methylation and other vital cell functions, including DNA synthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and cell growth. RESULTS We used a bioinformatics tool, the Transcriptional Pharmacology Workbench, to analyze temporal changes in gene expression among epigenetic regulators of DNA methylation and demethylation, and one-carbon metabolism genes in response to cancer drug treatment. We analyzed gene expression information from the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel after treatment with five antitumor agents, 5-azacytidine, doxorubicin, vorinostat, paclitaxel, and cisplatin. Each antitumor agent elicited concerted changes in gene expression of multiple pathway components across the cell lines. Expression changes of FOLR2, SMUG1, GART, GADD45A, MBD1, MTR, MTHFD1, and CTH were significantly correlated with chemosensitivity to some of the agents. Among many genes with concerted expression response to individual antitumor agents were genes encoding DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, epigenetic and DNA repair factors MGMT, GADD45A, and MBD1, and one-carbon metabolism pathway members MTHFD1, TYMS, DHFR, MTR, MAT2A, SLC19A1, ATIC, and GART. CONCLUSIONS These transcriptional changes are likely to influence vital cellular functions of DNA methylation and demethylation, cellular growth, DNA biosynthesis, and DNA repair, and some of them may contribute to cytotoxic and apoptotic action of the drugs. This concerted molecular response was observed in a time-dependent manner, which may provide future guidelines for temporal selection of genetic drug targets for combination drug therapy treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krushkal
- />Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- />Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Curtis Hose
- />Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Anne Monks
- />Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- />Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Richard Simon
- />Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850 USA
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Zhao Z, Wang L, Di L. Compartmentation of metabolites in regulating epigenome of cancer. Mol Med 2016; 22:349-360. [PMID: 27258652 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent modification of DNA and histones are important epigenetic events and the genome wide reshaping of epigenetic markers is common in cancer. The epigenetic markers are produced by enzymatic reactions and some of these reactions require the presence of metabolites as cofactors (termed Epigenetic Enzyme Required Metabolites, EERMs). Recent studies found that the abundance of these EERMs correlates with epigenetic enzyme activities. Also, the subcellular compartmentation, especially the nuclear localization of these EERMs may play a role in regulating the activities of epigenetic enzymes. Moreover, gene specific recruitment of enzymes which produce the EERMs in the proximity of the epigenetic modification events accompanying the gene expression regulation, were proposed. Therefore, it is of importance to summarize these findings of the EERMs in regulating the epigenetic modifications at both DNA and histone levels, and to understand how EERMs contribute to cancer development by addressing their global versus local distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Metabolomics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lijun Di
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Sramek M, Neradil J, Sterba J, Veselska R. Non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate in osteosarcoma cell lines: epigenetic alterations and enhanced cell differentiation. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26929741 PMCID: PMC4770555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate is an important chemotherapeutic drug widely known as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) which inhibits the reduction of folic acid. DHFR-mediated effects are apparently responsible for its primary antineoplastic action. However, other non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate have been recently discovered, which might be very useful in the development of new strategies for the treatment of pediatric malignancies. The principal goal of this study was to analyze the possible impact of clinically achievable methotrexate levels on cell proliferation, mechanisms of epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation and histone acetylation), induced differentiation and the expression of differentiation-related genes in six osteosarcoma cell lines. Methods The Saos-2 reference cell line and five other patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines were chosen for this study. The MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation, DNA methylation and histone acetylation were detected using ELISA, and western blotting was used for a detailed analysis of histone acetylation. The expression of differentiation-related genes was quantified using RT-qPCR and the course of cell differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining, which detects the level of extracellular matrix mineralization. Results Methotrexate significantly decreased the proliferation of Saos-2 cells exclusively, suggesting that this reference cell line was sensitive to the DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate. In contrast, other results indicated non-DHFR-mediated effects in patient-derived cell lines. Methotrexate-induced DNA demethylation was detected in almost all of them; methotrexate was able to lower the level of 5-methylcytosine in treated cells, and this effect was similar to the effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, methotrexate increased the level of acetylated histone H3 in the OSA-06 cell line. Methotrexate also enhanced all-trans retinoic acid-induced cell differentiation in three patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines, and the modulation of expression of the differentiation-related genes was also shown. Conclusions Overall non-DHFR-mediated effects of methotrexate were detected in the patient-derived osteosarcoma cell lines. Methotrexate acts as an epigenetic modifier and has a potential impact on cell differentiation and the expression of related genes. Furthermore, the combination of methotrexate and all-trans retinoic acid can be effective as a differentiation therapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sramek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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de Andres MC, Perez-Pampin E, Calaza M, Santaclara FJ, Ortea I, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A. Assessment of global DNA methylation in peripheral blood cell subpopulations of early rheumatoid arthritis before and after methotrexate. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:233. [PMID: 26330155 PMCID: PMC4556005 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression that has been insufficiently studied in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as only T cells and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with established RA have been studied and with conflicting results. METHOD Five major blood cell subpopulations: T, B and NK cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, were isolated from 19 early RA patients and 17 healthy controls. Patient samples were taken before and 1 month after the start of treatment with methotrexate (MTX). Analysis included DNA methylation with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM) and expression levels of seven methylation-specific enzymes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve early RA patients showed global DNA hypomethylation in T cells and monocytes, together with a lower expression of DNA methyltrasnferase 1 (DNMT1), the maintenance DNA methyltransferase, which was also decreased in B cells. Furthermore, significantly increased expression of ten-eleven translocation1 (TET1), TET2 and TET3, enzymes involved in demethylation, was found in monocytes and of TET2 in T cells. There was also modest decreased expression of DNMT3A in B cells and of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45A (GADD45A) in T and B cells. Treatment with MTX reverted hypomethylation in T cells and monocytes, which were no longer different from controls, and increased global methylation in B cells. In addition, DNMT1 and DNMT3A showed a trend to reversion of their decreased expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm global DNA hypomethylation in patients with RA with specificity for some blood cell subpopulations and their reversal with methotrexate treatment. These changes are accompanied by parallel changes in the levels of enzymes involved in methylation, suggesting the possibility of regulation at this level.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C de Andres
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Eva Perez-Pampin
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Santaclara
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Gomez-Reino
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
This article reviews methotrexate and the more potent, related compound, pralatrexate, for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, and CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. Although these folate antagonists are traditionally viewed as antiproliferative cell cycle inhibitors, it is recognized that they inhibit DNA methylation, providing a rationale for their use as epigenetic regulators and cell proliferation inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms are outlined, key supporting data presented, followed by brief mention of recent mathematical modeling supporting the general superiority of combination therapy. Several novel examples involving folate antagonists are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, 7th Floor, One South Park, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin and VA Medical Center, 7th Floor, One South Park, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Cribbs AP, Kennedy A, Penn H, Amjadi P, Green P, Read JE, Brennan F, Gregory B, Williams RO. Methotrexate Restores Regulatory T Cell Function Through Demethylation of the FoxP3 Upstream Enhancer in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1182-92. [PMID: 25604080 DOI: 10.1002/art.39031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown, in a cohort of untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, that the suppressive function of Treg cells is defective. However, other studies in cohorts of patients with established RA have shown that Treg cell function is normal. We hypothesized that treatment may restore Treg cell function and lead to reduced disease activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with methotrexate (MTX) can result in epigenetic changes that lead to restoration of the Treg cell suppressive function in RA. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from RA patients were assessed using (3) H-thymidine incorporation to measure Treg cell suppression of T cell proliferation, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine Treg cell suppression of interferon-γ production. CTLA-4 and FoxP3 expression was measured by flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in Treg cells from healthy individuals and RA patients. CD4+ T cells isolated from healthy individuals were cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in the presence or absence of MTX, and FoxP3 expression was determined using qPCR and flow cytometry. Methylation of the FOXP3 upstream enhancer was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing PCR. RESULTS Defective Treg cell function was observed only in RA patients who had not been treated with MTX, whereas Treg cells from MTX-exposed RA patients had restored suppressive function. This restored suppression was associated with increased expression of FoxP3 and CTLA-4 in Treg cells. Bisulfite sequencing PCR of Treg cells cultured in MTX revealed a significant reduction in methylation of the FOXP3 upstream enhancer. CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel mechanism of action of MTX, in which treatment of RA patients with MTX restores defective Treg cell function through demethylation of the FOXP3 locus, leading to a subsequent increase in FoxP3 and CTLA-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Cribbs
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Acetylation of MAT IIα represses tumour cell growth and is decreased in human hepatocellular cancer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6973. [PMID: 25925782 PMCID: PMC4421817 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alteration is a hallmark of cancer. Dysregulation of methionine metabolism is implicated in human liver cancer. Methionine adenosyltransferase IIα (MAT IIα) is a key enzyme in the methionine cycle, catalysing the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key methyl donor in cellular processes, and is associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer. Here we show that P300 acetylates MAT IIα at lysine residue 81 and destabilizes MAT IIα by promoting its ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Conversely, histone deacetylase-3 deacetylates and stabilizes MAT IIα by preventing its proteasomal degradation. Folate deprivation upregulates K81 acetylation and destabilizes MAT IIα to moderate cell proliferation, whereas a single mutation at K81 reverses the proliferative disadvantage of cancer cells upon folate deprivation. Moreover, MAT IIα K81 acetylation is decreased in human hepatocellular cancer. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism of MAT IIα regulation by acetylation and ubiquitylation, and a direct functional link of this regulation to cancer development. Folate plays an essential role in dividing cells and is regulated by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), where a switch from MAT Iα to MAT IIα expression seems to promote liver cancer progression. Here the authors demonstrate that MAT IIα stability is regulated by acetylation and this regulation is important for tumour growth.
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Löbel U, Trah J, Escherich G. Severe neurotoxicity following intrathecal methotrexate with nitrous oxide sedation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:539-41. [PMID: 25360802 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic and intrathecal methotrexate is widely used in treatment protocols for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its side effects vary in characteristics, intensity and time of onset, and depend on the administration route. Interactions with several drugs are known. Side effects of nitrous oxide sedation, often used for moderately painful procedures, typically occur after long time use and include neurological symptoms. We present a child who experienced a severe and long-lasting neurotoxicity after the third intrathecal application of methotrexate with short sedation by nitrous oxide during induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Symptoms completely resolved after 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Löbel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Pirkmajer S, Kulkarni SS, Tom RZ, Ross FA, Hawley SA, Hardie DG, Zierath JR, Chibalin AV. Methotrexate promotes glucose uptake and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle via AMPK activation. Diabetes 2015; 64:360-9. [PMID: 25338814 PMCID: PMC5703413 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used anticancer and antirheumatic drug that has been postulated to protect against metabolic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes, although the mechanism remains unknown. MTX inhibits 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) and thereby slows the metabolism of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-5'-monophosphate (ZMP) and its precursor AICAR, which is a pharmacological AMPK activator. We explored whether MTX promotes AMPK activation in cultured myotubes and isolated skeletal muscle. We found MTX markedly reduced the threshold for AICAR-induced AMPK activation and potentiated glucose uptake and lipid oxidation. Gene silencing of the MTX target ATIC activated AMPK and stimulated lipid oxidation in cultured myotubes. Furthermore, MTX activated AMPK in wild-type HEK-293 cells. These effects were abolished in skeletal muscle lacking the muscle-specific, ZMP-sensitive AMPK-γ3 subunit and in HEK-293 cells expressing a ZMP-insensitive mutant AMPK-γ2 subunit. Collectively, our findings underscore a role for AMPK as a direct molecular link between MTX and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Cotherapy with AICAR and MTX could represent a novel strategy to treat metabolic disorders and overcome current limitations of AICAR monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Pirkmajer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sameer S Kulkarni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robby Z Tom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fiona A Ross
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Simon A Hawley
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang YC, Lin WL, Lin YJ, Tang FY, Chen YM, Chiang EPI. A novel role of the tumor suppressor GNMT in cellular defense against DNA damage. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:799-810. [PMID: 23922098 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is a folate binding protein commonly diminished in human hepatoma yet its role in tumor development remains to be established. GNMT binds to methylfolate but is also inhibited by it; how such interactions affect human carcinogenesis is unclear. We postulated that GNMT plays a role in folate-dependent methyl group homeostasis and helps maintain genome integrity by promoting nucleotide biosynthesis and DNA repair. To test the hypothesis, GNMT was over-expressed in GNMT-null cell lines cultured in conditions of folate abundance or restriction. The partitioning of folate dependent 1-carbon groups was investigated using stable isotopic tracers and GC/MS. DNA damage was assessed as uracil content in cell models, as well as in Gnmt wildtype (Gnmt(+/+)), heterozygote (Gnmt(+/-)) and knockout (Gnmt(-/-)) mice under folate deplete, replete, or supplementation conditions. Our study demonstrated that GMMT 1) supports methylene-folate dependent pyrimidine synthesis; 2) supports formylfolate dependent purine syntheses; 3) minimizes uracil incorporation into DNA when cells and animals were exposed to folate depletion; 4) translocates into nuclei during prolonged folate depletion. In conclusion, loss of GNMT impairs nucleotide biosynthesis. Over-expression of GNMT enhances nucleotide biosynthesis and improves DNA integrity by reducing uracil misincorporation in DNA both in vitro and in vivo. To our best knowledge, the role of GNMT in folate dependent 1-carbon transfer in nucleotide biosynthesis has never been investigated. The present study gives new insights into the underlying mechanism by which GNMT can participate in tumor prevention/suppression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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