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Ogiji ED, Aboheimed N, Ross K, Voller C, Siner R, Jensen RL, Jolly CE, Carr DF. Greater mechanistic understanding of the cutaneous pathogenesis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis can shed light on novel therapeutic strategies: a comprehensive review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:218-227. [PMID: 38753537 PMCID: PMC11213502 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) characterized by widespread epithelial detachment and blistering, which affects the skin and mucocutaneous membranes. To date, therapeutic interventions for SJS/TEN have focused on systematic suppression of the inflammatory response using high-dose corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin G (IgG), for example. No targeted therapies for SJS/TEN currently exist. RECENT FINDINGS Though our understanding of the pathogenesis of SJS/TEN has advanced from both an immunological and dermatological perspective, this knowledge is yet to translate into the development of new targeted therapies. SUMMARY Greater mechanistic insight into SJS/TEN would potentially unlock new opportunities for identifying or repurposing targeted therapies to limit or even prevent epidermal injury and blistering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka D. Ogiji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nourah Aboheimed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Calum Voller
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ryan Siner
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca L. Jensen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carol E. Jolly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel F. Carr
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Tian Y, Chen R, Su Z. HMGB1 is a Potential and Challenging Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:47-58. [PMID: 34797463 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the human nervous system and has a wide range of serious impacts on human health and quality of life. Recently, research targeting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in PD has emerged, and a variety of laboratory methods for inhibiting HMGB1 have achieved good results to a certain extent. However, given that HMGB1 undergoes a variety of intracellular modifications and three different forms of extracellular redox, the possible roles of these forms in PD are likely to be different. General inhibition of all forms of HMGB1 is obviously not ideal and has become one of the biggest obstacles in the clinical application of targeting HMGB1. In this review, pure mechanistic research of HMGB1 and in vivo research targeting HMGB1 were combined, the effects of HMGB1 on neurons and immune cell responses in PD are discussed in detail, and the problems that need to be focused on in the future are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Rong Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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3
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Pirnie R, P Gillespie K, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Reappraisal of oxidized HMGB1 as a mediator and biomarker. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO828. [PMID: 36874369 PMCID: PMC9979160 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a dual-function protein that acts as a chromatin-binding protein and as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) when released from activated immune cells or injured tissue. In much of the HMGB1 literature, immunomodulatory effects of extracellular HMGB1 are proposed to depend on its oxidation state. However, many of the foundational studies for this model have been retracted or flagged with expressions of concern. The literature on HMGB1 oxidation reveals a diversity of redox proteoforms of HMGB1 that are inconsistent with current models of redox modulation regulating HMGB1 secretion. A recent study of acetaminophen toxicity has identified previously unrecognized HMGB1 oxidized proteoforms. HMGB1 undergoes oxidative modifications that could serve as pathology-specific biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Pirnie
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology & Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin P Gillespie
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology & Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology & Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology & Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Pirnie R, Gillespie KP, Weng L, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Characterization and Quantification of Oxidized High Mobility Group Box 1 Proteoforms Secreted from Hepatocytes by Toxic Levels of Acetaminophen. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1893-1902. [PMID: 35922039 PMCID: PMC9580022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is released during acute acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, is thought to mediate a subsequent immune response, particularly hepatic infiltration of macrophages. The redox behavior of HMGB1 and the proteoforms of HMGB1 present in oxidative environments has been the subject of a number of confusing and contradictory studies. Therefore, a stable isotope dilution two-dimensional nanoultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography parallel reaction monitoring/high-resolution mass spectrometry method was developed in order to characterize and quantify oxidative modifications to the cysteine (Cys) residues (Cys-23, Cys-45, and Cys-106) that are present in HMGB1. Disulfide linkages were determined using carbamidoethyl derivatization before and after reduction as well as by direct analysis of disulfide cross-linked peptides. A stable isotope labeled form of HMGB1 was used as an internal standard to correct for sample to sample differences in immunoaffinity precipitation, derivatization, and electrospray ionization. Four discrete HMGB1 proteoforms were found to be released from a hepatocarcinoma cell model of APAP overdose after 24 h. Fully reduced HMGB1 with all three Cys-residues in their free thiol state accounted for 18% of the secreted HMGB1. The proteoform with disulfide between Cys-23 and Cys-45 accounted for 24% of the HMGB1. No evidence was obtained for a disulfide cross-link between Cys-106 and the other two Cys-residues. However, 45% of the HMGB1 formed a cross-link with unidentified intracellular proteins via an intermolecular disulfide bond, and 12% was present as the terminally oxidized cysteic acid. Surprisingly, there was no evidence for the formation of HMGB1 disulfides with GSH or other low molecular weight thiols. Secreted plasma HMGB1 Cys-23/Cys45 disulfide proteoform together with the Cys-106/protein disulfide proteoforms could potentially serve as early biomarkers of hepatoxicity after APAP overdose as well as biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury.
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Anderko RR, Gómez H, Canna SW, Shakoory B, Angus DC, Yealy DM, Huang DT, Kellum JA, Carcillo JA, Angus DC, Barnato AE, Eaton TL, Gimbel E, Huang DT, Keener C, Kellum JA, Landis K, Pike F, Stapleton DK, Weissfeld LA, Willochell M, Wofford KA, Yealy DM, Kulstad E, Watts H, Venkat A, Hou PC, Massaro A, Parmar S, Limkakeng AT, Brewer K, Delbridge TR, Mainhart A, Chawla LS, Miner JR, Allen TL, Grissom CK, Swadron S, Conrad SA, Carlson R, LoVecchio F, Bajwa EK, Filbin MR, Parry BA, Ellender TJ, Sama AE, Fine J, Nafeei S, Terndrup T, Wojnar M, Pearl RG, Wilber ST, Sinert R, Orban DJ, Wilson JW, Ufberg JW, Albertson T, Panacek EA, Parekh S, Gunn SR, Rittenberger JS, Wadas RJ, yEdwards AR, Kelly M, Wang HE, Holmes TM, McCurdy MT, Weinert C, Harris ES, Self WH, Phillips CA, Migues RM. Sepsis with liver dysfunction and coagulopathy predicts an inflammatory pattern of macrophage activation. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35190900 PMCID: PMC8861227 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1 receptor antagonists can reduce mortality in septic shock patients with hepatobiliary dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation (HBD + DIC), an organ failure pattern with inflammatory features consistent with macrophage activation. Identification of clinical phenotypes in sepsis may allow for improved care. We aim to describe the occurrence of HBD + DIC in a contemporary cohort of patients with sepsis and determine the association of this phenotype with known macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) biomarkers and mortality. We performed a retrospective nested case–control study in adult septic shock patients with concurrent HBD + DIC and an equal number of age-matched controls, with comparative analyses of all-cause mortality and circulating biomarkers between the groups. Multiple logistic regression explored the effect of HBD + DIC on mortality and the discriminatory power of the measured biomarkers for HBD + DIC and mortality. Results Six percent of septic shock patients (n = 82/1341) had HBD + DIC, which was an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.4–7.5, p = 0.008). Relative to sepsis controls, the HBD + DIC cohort had increased levels of 21 of the 26 biomarkers related to macrophage activation (p < 0.05). This panel was predictive of both HBD + DIC (sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 84%) and mortality (sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 90%). Conclusion The HBD + DIC phenotype identified patients with high mortality and a molecular signature resembling that of MAS. These observations suggest trials of MAS-directed therapies are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40635-022-00433-y.
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Adil MS, Verma A, Rudraraju M, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. Akt-independent effects of triciribine on ACE2 expression in human lung epithelial cells: Potential benefits in restricting SARS-CoV2 infection. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6597-6606. [PMID: 33624300 PMCID: PMC8014085 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain cellular entry. Akt inhibitor triciribine (TCBN) has demonstrated promising results in promoting recovery from advanced-stage acute lung injury in preclinical studies. In the current study, we tested the direct effect of TCBN on ACE2 expression in human bronchial (H441) and lung alveolar (A549) epithelial cells. Treatment with TCBN resulted in the downregulation of both messenger RNA and protein levels of ACE2 in A549 cells. Since HMGB1 plays a vital role in the inflammatory response in COVID-19, and because hyperglycemia has been linked to increased COVID-19 infections, we determined if HMGB1 and hyperglycemia have any effect on ACE2 expression in lung epithelial cells and whether TCBN has any effect on reversing HMGB1- and hyperglycemia-induced ACE2 expression. We observed increased ACE2 expression with both HMGB1 and hyperglycemia treatment in A549 as well as H441 cells, which were blunted by TCBN treatment. Our findings from this study, combined with our previous reports on the potential benefits of TCBN in the treatment of acute lung injury, generate reasonable optimism on the potential utility of TCBN in the therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir S. Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Arti Verma
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Madhuri Rudraraju
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA,Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Charlie Norwood VA Medical CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA,Department of MedicineAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
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7
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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8
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Palmblad K, Schierbeck H, Sundberg E, Horne AC, Erlandsson Harris H, Henter JI, Andersson U. Therapeutic administration of etoposide coincides with reduced systemic HMGB1 levels in macrophage activation syndrome. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 27:48. [PMID: 33975537 PMCID: PMC8111379 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a potentially fatal complication of systemic inflammation. HMGB1 is a nuclear protein released extracellularly during proinflammatory lytic cell death or secreted by activated macrophages, NK cells, and additional cell types during infection or sterile injury. Extracellular HMGB1 orchestrates central events in inflammation as a prototype alarmin. TLR4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products operate as key HMGB1 receptors to mediate inflammation. METHODS Standard ELISA and cytometric bead array-based methods were used to examine the kinetic pattern for systemic release of HMGB1, ferritin, IL-18, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 before and during treatment of four children with critical MAS. Three of the patients with severe underlying systemic rheumatic diseases were treated with biologics including tocilizumab or anakinra when MAS developed. All patients required intensive care therapy due to life-threatening illness. Add-on etoposide therapy was administered due to insufficient clinical response with standard treatment. Etoposide promotes apoptotic rather than proinflammatory lytic cell death, conceivably ameliorating subsequent systemic inflammation. RESULTS This therapeutic intervention brought disease control coinciding with a decline of the increased systemic HMGB1, IFN-γ, IL-18, and ferritin levels whereas MCP-1 levels evolved independently. CONCLUSION Systemic HMGB1 levels in MAS have not been reported before. Our results suggest that the molecule is not merely a biomarker of inflammation, but most likely also contributes to the pathogenesis of MAS. These observations encourage further studies of HMGB1 antagonists. They also advocate therapeutic etoposide administration in severe MAS and provide a possible biological explanation for its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Palmblad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Schierbeck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Horne
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Erlandsson Harris
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme of Children, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wang S, Guan Y, Li T. The Potential Therapeutic Role of the HMGB1-TLR Pathway in Epilepsy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:171-182. [PMID: 32729417 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999200729150443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders, affecting over 70 million people worldwide. For the treatment of epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and surgeries are widely used. However, drug resistance and adverse effects indicate the need to develop targeted AEDs based on further exploration of the epileptogenic mechanism. Currently, many efforts have been made to elucidate the neuroinflammation theory in epileptogenesis, which may show potential in the treatment of epilepsy. In this respect, an important target protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), has received increased attention and has been developed rapidly. HMGB1 is expressed in various eukaryotic cells and localized in the cell nucleus. When HMGB1 is released by injuries or diseases, it participates in inflammation. Recent studies suggest that HMGB1 via Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways can trigger inflammatory responses and play an important role in epilepsy. In addition, studies of HMGB1 have shown its potential in the treatment of epilepsy. Herein, the authors analyzed the experimental and clinical evidence of the HMGB1-TLR pathway in epilepsy to summarize the theory of epileptogenesis and provide insights into antiepileptic therapy in this novel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuguang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Neurology, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
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10
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Palmblad K, Schierbeck H, Sundberg E, Horne AC, Harris HE, Henter JI, Antoine DJ, Andersson U. Retraction Note to: High systemic levels of the cytokine-inducing HMGB1 isoform secreted in severe macrophage activation syndrome. Mol Med 2020; 26:131. [PMID: 33380314 PMCID: PMC7772904 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Palmblad
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Schierbeck
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundberg
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Erlandsson Harris
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Li B, Peng X, Li H, Chen F, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Le K. The performance of the alarmin HMGB1 in pediatric diseases: From lab to clinic. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:8-30. [PMID: 33140586 PMCID: PMC7860603 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ubiquitously expressed nonhistone nuclear protein high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has different functions related to posttranslational modifications and cellular localization. In the nucleus, HMGB1 modulates gene transcription, replication and DNA repair as well as determines chromosomal architecture. When the post-transcriptional modified HMGB1 is released into the extracellular space, it triggers several physiological and pathological responses and initiates innate immunity through interacting with its reciprocal receptors (i.e., TLR4/2 and RAGE). The effect of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory activation on different systems has received increasing attention. HMGB1 is now considered to be an alarmin and participates in multiple inflammation-related diseases. In addition, HMGB1 also affects the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, most studies involving HMGB1 have been focused on adults or mature animals. Due to differences in disease characteristics between children and adults, it is necessary to clarify the role of HMGB1 in pediatric diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Through systematic database retrieval, this review aimed to first elaborate the characteristics of HMGB1 under physiological and pathological conditions and then discuss the clinical significance of HMGB1 in the pediatric diseases according to different systems. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 plays an important role in a variety of pediatric diseases and may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Rehabilitation Centre, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Le
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Othman I, Shaikh MF. HMGB1-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses in Brain Injuries: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134609. [PMID: 32610502 PMCID: PMC7370155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries are devastating conditions, representing a global cause of mortality and morbidity, with no effective treatment to date. Increased evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation in driving several forms of brain injuries. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a pro-inflammatory-like cytokine with an initiator role in neuroinflammation that has been implicated in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Herein, we discuss the implication of HMGB1-induced neuroinflammatory responses in these brain injuries, mediated through binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) and other inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we provide evidence on the biomarker potential of HMGB1 and the significance of its nucleocytoplasmic translocation during brain injuries along with the promising neuroprotective effects observed upon HMGB1 inhibition/neutralization in TBI and EBI induced by SAH. Overall, this review addresses the current advances on neuroinflammation driven by HMGB1 in brain injuries indicating a future treatment opportunity that may overcome current therapeutic gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.N.P.); (C.P.); (M.F.S.); Tel.: +6-01-8396-0285 (Y.N.P.); +30-210-746-2610 (C.P.); +60-3-5514-6000 (ext. 44483) or +60-3-5514-4483 (M.F.S.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (C.P.); +601-4283-2410 (M.F.S.)
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (Y.N.P.); (C.P.); (M.F.S.); Tel.: +6-01-8396-0285 (Y.N.P.); +30-210-746-2610 (C.P.); +60-3-5514-6000 (ext. 44483) or +60-3-5514-4483 (M.F.S.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (C.P.); +601-4283-2410 (M.F.S.)
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.N.P.); (C.P.); (M.F.S.); Tel.: +6-01-8396-0285 (Y.N.P.); +30-210-746-2610 (C.P.); +60-3-5514-6000 (ext. 44483) or +60-3-5514-4483 (M.F.S.); Fax: +30-210-746-2703 (C.P.); +601-4283-2410 (M.F.S.)
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13
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Cardone M, Yano M, Rosenberg AS, Puig M. Lessons Learned to Date on COVID-19 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: Considerations for Interventions to Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection and Detrimental Hyperinflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1131. [PMID: 32574265 PMCID: PMC7272717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The first case of human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China in December 2019. A few months later, this viral infection had spread worldwide and became a pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, termed COVID-19, is multifactorial and associated with both specific antiviral as well as inflammatory responses, the extent of which may determine why some individuals are asymptomatic while others develop serious complications. Here we review possible life-threating immune events that can occur during disease progression to uncover key factors behind COVID-19 severity and provide suggestions for interventions with repurposed drugs in well-controlled and randomized clinical trials. These drugs include therapeutics with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells such as serine protease inhibitors of the cellular protease TMPS2 and drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system; antivirals with potential to block SARS-CoV-2 replication or factors that could boost the antiviral response; monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive the hyperinflammatory response during COVID-19 progression toward the severe stage and therapeutics that could ameliorate the function of the lungs. Furthermore, in order to help make more informed decisions on the timing of the intervention with the drugs listed in this review, we have grouped these therapeutics according to the stage of COVID-19 progression that we considered most appropriate for their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cardone
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRR III), Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Masahide Yano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRR III), Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Amy S Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRR III), Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Montserrat Puig
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III (DBRR III), Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP), Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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14
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Palmblad K, Schierbeck H, Sundberg E, Horne AC, Harris HE, Henter JI, Antoine DJ, Andersson U. Expression of concern to: High systemic levels of the cytokine-inducing HMGB1 isoform secreted in severe macrophage activation syndrome. Mol Med 2020; 26:17. [PMID: 32013863 PMCID: PMC6998297 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Palmblad
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Schierbeck
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erik Sundberg
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Horne
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Erlandsson Harris
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Ohmori H, Kawahara I, Mori T, Nukaga S, Luo Y, Kishi S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Goto K, Sasaki T, Kuniyasu H. Evaluation of Parameters for Cancer-Induced Sarcopenia in Patients Autopsied after Death from Colorectal Cancer. Pathobiology 2019; 86:306-314. [PMID: 31707381 DOI: 10.1159/000503037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia frequently occurs in cancer patients and is correlated with reduced therapeutic responsiveness and poor prognosis. Although skeletal muscle atrophy is an important factor related to cachexia, biomarkers for its early diagnosis are not yet definitive. In this study, weight loss, body mass index, skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum carcinoembryonic antigen, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, serum interleukin (IL)-6, serum high mobility group box (HMGB)-1, and SDS-soluble myosin light chain 1 (SDS-MYL1) of the psoas muscle were examined in 8 autopsied cases of death from colorectal cancer (CRC) as biomarkers of cachexia. SDS-MYL1 was positively correlated to SMI and TNF-α was negatively correlated, but the other factors did not show any correlations with SMI. Multivariate analysis showed that of the 3 cytokines, TNF-α and HMGB1 were correlated with SMI. Furthermore, when the biochemical skeletal muscle maturation marker, SDS-MYL1, was compared with serum cytokines, TNF-α and HMGB1 were negatively correlated but IL-6 was not. In multivariate analysis, only TNF-α was associated with SDS-MYL1. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α and HMGB1. These findings suggest that since TNF-α was inversely correlated with SMI and SDS-MYL1, TNF-α is a serum marker of skeletal muscle atrophy in CRC. Moreover, SDS-MYL1 might be established as a biomarker linked to clinical sarcopenia in experiments in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Isao Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shota Nukaga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Division of Rehabilitation, Hanna Central Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan,
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16
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Tsujimoto H, Kounami S, Ichikawa T, Hama T, Suzuki H. Serum high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) levels reflect clinical features of childhood hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Blood Med 2019; 10:301-306. [PMID: 31695540 PMCID: PMC6717709 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially lethal hyperinflammatory disorder. For further understanding of the pathogenesis of HLH, we examined serum levels of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in children with HLH. Patients and methods Serum HMGB1 levels were measured in 28 patients with HLH and 6 normal controls using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were 21 boys and 7 girls, aged from 10 days to 21 years, with a median age of 8.5 years. The underlying conditions of HLH were infection-associated HLH in 18 patients, malignancy-associated HLH in 7 patients, and genetic HLH in 3 patients. The relations between serum HMGB1 levels and clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with HLH than in normal controls (median, 6.5 ng/mL, interquartile range, 4.25–13.1). The serial serum HMGB1 levels in one patient fell to reflect the disease activity. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) than in patients without DIC (p<0.001) and were also significantly higher in patients with central nervous system (CNS) complications than in patients without CNS complications (p<0.01). Serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (rs =0.48, p<0.01, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) and negatively correlated with fibrinogen (rs = −0.475, p=0.011) and hemoglobin (rs = −0.465, p=0.013). Conclusion Serum HMGB1 levels reflect clinical features of childhood HLH. HMGB1 is a potential mediator involved in the pathogenesis and determining the clinical findings of HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsujimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kounami
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ichikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Taketsugu Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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17
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Balasubramaniam VR, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Enlightening the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in inflammation: Updates on receptor signalling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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HMGB1 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Malignant Mesothelioma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:4183157. [PMID: 30891101 PMCID: PMC6390248 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4183157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare, aggressive, and highly lethal cancer that is substantially induced by exposure to asbestos fibers. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an intriguing proinflammatory molecule involved in MM. In this review, we describe the possible crucial roles of HMGB1 in carcinogenic mechanisms based on in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence and outline the clinical findings of epidemiological investigations regarding the possible roles of HMGB1 as a biomarker for MM. We conclude that novel strategies targeting HMGB1 may suppress MM cells and interfere with asbestos-induced inflammation.
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19
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Karakike E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Macrophage Activation-Like Syndrome: A Distinct Entity Leading to Early Death in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:55. [PMID: 30766533 PMCID: PMC6365431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) is characterized by fulminant cytokine storm leading to multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality. HLH is classified into familial (fHLH) and into secondary (sHLH). fHLH is rare and it is due to mutations of genes encoding for perforin or excretory granules of natural killer (NK) cells of CD8-lymphocytes. sHLH is also known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in adults is poorly studied. Main features are fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatobiliary dysfunction (HBD), coagulopathy, cytopenia of two to three cell lineages, increased triglycerides and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. sHLH/MAS complicates hematologic malignancies, autoimmune disorders and infections mainly of viral origin. Pathogenesis is poorly understood and it is associated with increased activation of macrophages and NK cells. An autocrine loop of interleukin (IL)-1β over-secretion leads to cytokine storm of IL-6, IL-18, ferritin, and interferon-gamma; soluble CD163 is highly increased from macrophages. The true incidence of sHLH/MAS among patients with sepsis has only been studied in the cohort of the Hellenic Sepsis Study Group. Patients meeting the Sepsis-3 criteria and who had positive HSscore or co-presence of HBD and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were classified as patients with macrophage activation-like syndrome (MALS). The frequency of MALS ranged between 3 and 4% and it was an independent entity associated with early mortality after 10 days. Ferritin was proposed as a diagnostic and surrogate biomarker. Concentrations >4,420 ng/ml were associated with diagnosis of MALS with 97.1% specificity and 98% negative predictive value. Increased ferritin was also associated with increased IL-6, IL-18, IFNγ, and sCD163 and by decreased IL-10/TNFα ratio. A drop of ferritin by 15% the first 48 h was a surrogate finding of favorable outcome. There are 10 on-going trials in adults with sHLH; two for the development of biomarkers and eight for management. Only one of them is focusing in sepsis. The acronym of the trial is PROVIDE (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03332225) and it is a double-blind randomized clinical trial aiming to deliver to patients with septic shock treatment targeting their precise immune state. Patients diagnosed with MALS are receiving randomized treatment with placebo or the IL-1β blocker anakinra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karakike
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Hong B, Muili K, Bolyard C, Russell L, Lee TJ, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Yoo JY, Yan Y, Ballester LY, Bockhorst KH, Kaur B. Suppression of HMGB1 Released in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Reduces Tumoral Edema. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 12:93-102. [PMID: 30719499 PMCID: PMC6350213 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein that binds DNA and transcription factors and regulates chromosomal structure and function. Under conditions of cell death or stress, it is actively or passively released by cells into the extracellular environment, where it functions as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that orchestrates pro-inflammatory cytokine release and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that HMGB1 is secreted in the tumor microenvironment after oncolytic HSV (oHSV) infection in vitro and in vivo. The impact of secreted HMGB1 on tumor growth and response to oncolytic viral therapy was evaluated by using HMGB1-blocking antibodies in vitro and in mice bearing intracranial tumors. IVIS and MRI imaging was utilized to visualize in real time virus spread, tumor growth, and changes in edema in mice. Our data showed that HMGB1 released in tumor microenvironment orchestrated increased vascular leakiness and edema. Further HMGB1 blocking antibodies rescued vascular leakiness and enhanced survival of intracranial glioma-bearing mice treated with oHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamaldeen Muili
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Health and Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Chelsea Bolyard
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,OhioHealth Research & Innovation Institute, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke Russell
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Vyriad, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kurt H Bockhorst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Farias-Moeller R, LaFrance-Corey R, Bartolini L, Wells EM, Baker M, Doslea A, Suslovic W, Greenberg J, Carpenter JL, Howe CL. Fueling the FIRES: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1753-1763. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Farias-Moeller
- Department of Neurology; Division of Pediatric Neurology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Children's Hospital of Wisconsin; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Reghann LaFrance-Corey
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology; Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology; Translational Neuroimmunology Lab; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Luca Bartolini
- Clinical Epilepsy Section and Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - National Institute of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M. Wells
- Department of Neurology; Children's National Health System; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Meredith Baker
- Department of Neurology; Children's National Health System; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Alyssa Doslea
- Department of Neurology; Children's National Health System; Washington District of Columbia
| | - William Suslovic
- Department of Neurology; Children's National Health System; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Jay Greenberg
- Department of Hematology; Children's National Health System; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Jessica L. Carpenter
- Department of Neurology; Children's National Health System; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Charles L. Howe
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology; Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology; Translational Neuroimmunology Lab; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
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22
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Ehl S, Astigarraga I, von Bahr Greenwood T, Hines M, Horne A, Ishii E, Janka G, Jordan MB, La Rosée P, Lehmberg K, Machowicz R, Nichols KE, Sieni E, Wang Z, Henter JI. Recommendations for the Use of Etoposide-Based Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation for the Treatment of HLH: Consensus Statements by the HLH Steering Committee of the Histiocyte Society. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1508-1517. [PMID: 30201097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome requiring aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Following 2 large international studies mainly targeting pediatric patients with familial disease and patients without underlying chronic or malignant disease, the HLH-94 protocol is recommended as the standard of care when using etoposide-based therapy by the Histiocyte Society. However, in clinical practice, etoposide-based therapy has been widely used beyond the study inclusion criteria, including older patients and patients with underlying diseases (secondary HLH). Many questions remain around these extended indications and published reports do not address several practical issues. To tackle these concerns, the HLH Steering Committee of the Histiocyte Society decided to issue guidance for use of the HLH-94 protocol. The group convened in a structured consensus finding process to define recommendations that are based largely on expert opinion backed up by available data from the literature. The recommendations address all main elements of HLH-94 including corticosteroids, cyclosporin, etoposide, intrathecal therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and consider various forms of HLH and all age groups. Aspects covered include indications, applications, dosing, side effects, duration of therapy, salvage therapy, and HSCT. These recommendations aim to provide a framework to guide treatment decisions in this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Itziar Astigarraga
- Servicio de Pediatria, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Tatiana von Bahr Greenwood
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Theme of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Hines
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn
| | - AnnaCarin Horne
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Theme of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Gritta Janka
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Divisions of Immunobiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paul La Rosée
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Schwarzwald-Baar-Klinikum, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Kai Lehmberg
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rafal Machowicz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Elena Sieni
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria A. Meyer Children Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Theme of Children's and Women's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Weng L, Guo L, Vachani A, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Quantification of Serum High Mobility Group Box 1 by Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Its Role in Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7552-7560. [PMID: 29791130 PMCID: PMC6417096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
High mobility group
box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone chromosomal
protein, which can be secreted through a variety of pathways and bind
to pattern recognition receptors to release pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Previous studies have suggested that HMGB1 is upregulated in numerous
inflammatory diseases and that it could be a biomarker for such diseases.
However, these studies used immunoassay-based methods to analyze serum
HMGB1. Autoantibodies to HMGB1 in serum are found in healthy control
subjects as well as in patients with different diseases. HMGB1 also
binds to haptoglobin, a highly abundant plasma protein. This means
that antibodies used in immunoassays must compete with binding of
HMGB1 to endogenous serum HMGB1 autoantibodies and haptoglobin. To
overcome these potential problems, we developed and validated a specific
and sensitive assay based on stable isotope dilution and immunopurification
to quantify HMGB1 in plasma and serum using two-dimensional nano-ultra-high-performance
liquid chromatography parallel reaction monitoring/high-resolution
mass spectrometry. Using this assay, we found that serum HMGB1 in
24 healthy control subjects (6.0 ± 2.1 ng/mL) was above the mean
concentration reported for 18 different diseases (5.4 ± 2.8 ng/mL)
where the analyses were conducted with immunoassay methodology. In
light of our finding, the role of HMGB1 in these diseases will have
to be re-evaluated. The concentration of HMGB1 in citrated and EDTA-treated
plasma from the same healthy control subjects was below the limit
of detection of our assay (1 ng/mL), confirming that HMGB1 in serum
arises when blood is allowed to clot. This means that future studies
on the role of HMGB1 in vivo should be conducted on plasma rather
than serum.
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24
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Ragab G, Atkinson TP, Stoll ML. Macrophage Activation Syndrome. THE MICROBIOME IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND INFECTION 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-79026-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), or termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) when associated with rheumatic disorders, is a frequently fatal complication of infections, rheumatic disorders, and hematopoietic malignancies. Clinically, HLH/MAS is a life-threatening condition that is usually diagnosed among febrile hospitalized patients (children and adults) who commonly present with unremitting fever and a shock-like multiorgan dysfunction scenario. Laboratory studies reveal pancytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, elevated markers of inflammation (ESR, CRP), hyperferritinemia, and features of coagulopathy. In about 60% of cases, excess hemophagocytosis (macrophages/histiocytes engulfing other hematopoietic cell types) is noted on biopsy specimens from the bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, and other organs. HLH/MAS has been hypothesized to occur when a threshold level of inflammation has been achieved, and genetic and environmental risk factors are believed to contribute to the hyperinflammatory state. A broad variety of infections, from viruses to fungi to bacteria, have been identified as triggers of HLH/MAS, either in isolation or in addition to an underlying inflammatory disease state. Certain infections, particularly by members of the herpesvirus family, are the most notorious triggers of HLH/MAS. Treatment for infection-triggered MAS requires therapy for both the underlying infection and dampening of the hyperactive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaafar Ragab
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Kuebler WM, Bonnet S, Tabuchi A. Inflammation and autoimmunity in pulmonary hypertension: is there a role for endothelial adhesion molecules? (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045893218757596. [PMID: 29480134 PMCID: PMC5865459 DOI: 10.1177/2045893218757596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While pulmonary hypertension (PH) has traditionally not been considered as a disease that is directly linked to or, potentially, even caused by inflammation, a rapidly growing body of evidence has demonstrated the accumulation of a variety of inflammatory and immune cells in PH lungs, in and around the wall of remodeled pulmonary resistance vessels and in the vicinity of plexiform lesions, respectively. Concomitantly, abundant production and release of various inflammatory mediators has been documented in both PH patients and experimental models of PH. While these findings unequivocally demonstrate an inflammatory component in PH, they have fueled an intense and presently ongoing debate as to the nature of this inflammatory aspect: is it a mere bystander of or response to the actual disease process, or is it a pathomechanistic contributor or potentially even a trigger of endothelial injury, smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the resulting lung vascular remodeling? In this review, we will discuss the present evidence for an inflammatory component in PH disease with a specific focus on the potential role of the endothelium in this scenario and highlight future avenues of experimental investigation which may lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 1 Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Institut fur Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Arata Tabuchi
- 1 Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Institut fur Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Do T, Tan R, Bennett M, Medvedovic M, Grom AA, Shen N, Thornton S, Schulert GS. MicroRNA networks associated with active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis regulate CD163 expression and anti-inflammatory functions in macrophages through two distinct mechanisms. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:71-85. [PMID: 29345059 PMCID: PMC9680651 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0317-107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a severe childhood arthropathy with features of autoinflammation. Monocytes and macrophages in SJIA have a complex phenotype with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties that combine features of several well characterized in vitro conditions used to activate macrophages. An important anti-inflammatory phenotype is expression of CD163, a scavenger receptor that sequesters toxic pro-inflammatory complexes that is highly expressed in both active SJIA and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). CD163 is most strongly up-regulated by IL-10 (M(IL-10)), and not by other conditions that reflect features seen in SJIA monocytes such as M(LPS+IC). MicroRNA plays key roles in integrating cellular signals such as those in macrophage polarization, and as such we hypothesize microRNAs regulate macrophage functional responses in SJIA including CD163 expression. We find that 2 microRNAs previously found to be elevated in active SJIA, miR-125a-5p and miR-181c, significantly reduced macrophage CD163 expression through 2 distinct mechanisms. Neither microRNA was elevated in M(IL-10) with robust CD163 expression, but were instead induced in M(LPS+IC) where they restricted CD163 mRNA expression. Mir-181 species directly targeted CD163 mRNA for degradation. In contrast, miR-125a-5p functions indirectly, as transcriptome analysis of miR-125a-5p overexpression identified "cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions" as the most significantly repressed gene pathway, including decreased IL10RA, required for IL-10-mediated CD163 expression. Finally, overexpression of miR-181c inhibited CD163 anti-inflammatory responses to hemoglobin or high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) complexes. Together, these data show that microRNA utilizes multiple mechanisms to integrate well-characterized polarization phenotypes and regulate macrophage functional properties seen in SJIA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Arthritis, Juvenile/genetics
- Arthritis, Juvenile/immunology
- Arthritis, Juvenile/metabolism
- Child
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Do
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Rachel Tan
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Mark Bennett
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | | | - Alexei A. Grom
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Nan Shen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and EtiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Grant S. Schulert
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
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27
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Peng HH, Liu YJ, Ojcius DM, Lee CM, Chen RH, Huang PR, Martel J, Young JD. Mineral particles stimulate innate immunity through neutrophil extracellular traps containing HMGB1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16628. [PMID: 29192209 PMCID: PMC5709501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate-based mineralo-organic particles form spontaneously in the body and may represent precursors of ectopic calcification. We have shown earlier that these particles induce activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1β by macrophages. However, whether the particles may produce other effects on immune cells is unclear. Here, we show that these particles induce the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a size-dependent manner by human neutrophils. Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species is required for particle-induced NET release by neutrophils. NETs contain the high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a DNA-binding protein capable of inducing secretion of TNF-α by a monocyte/macrophage cell line and primary macrophages. HMGB1 functions as a ligand of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on macrophages, leading to activation of the MyD88 pathway and TNF-α production. Furthermore, HMGB1 is critical to activate the particle-induced pro-inflammatory cascade in the peritoneum of mice. These results indicate that mineral particles promote pro-inflammatory responses by engaging neutrophils and macrophages via signaling of danger signals through NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.,Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Chiou-Mei Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hao Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Huang
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jan Martel
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan. .,Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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28
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Pauletti A, Terrone G, Shekh-Ahmad T, Salamone A, Ravizza T, Rizzi M, Pastore A, Pascente R, Liang LP, Villa BR, Balosso S, Abramov AY, van Vliet EA, Del Giudice E, Aronica E, Antoine DJ, Patel M, Walker MC, Vezzani A. Targeting oxidative stress improves disease outcomes in a rat model of acquired epilepsy. Brain 2017; 140:1885-1899. [PMID: 28575153 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy therapy is based on antiseizure drugs that treat the symptom, seizures, rather than the disease and are ineffective in up to 30% of patients. There are no treatments for modifying the disease-preventing seizure onset, reducing severity or improving prognosis. Among the potential molecular targets for attaining these unmet therapeutic needs, we focused on oxidative stress since it is a pathophysiological process commonly occurring in experimental epileptogenesis and observed in human epilepsy. Using a rat model of acquired epilepsy induced by electrical status epilepticus, we show that oxidative stress occurs in both neurons and astrocytes during epileptogenesis, as assessed by measuring biochemical and histological markers. This evidence was validated in the hippocampus of humans who died following status epilepticus. Oxidative stress was reduced in animals undergoing epileptogenesis by a transient treatment with N-acetylcysteine and sulforaphane, which act to increase glutathione levels through complementary mechanisms. These antioxidant drugs are already used in humans for other therapeutic indications. This drug combination transiently administered for 2 weeks during epileptogenesis inhibited oxidative stress more efficiently than either drug alone. The drug combination significantly delayed the onset of epilepsy, blocked disease progression between 2 and 5 months post-status epilepticus and drastically reduced the frequency of spontaneous seizures measured at 5 months without modifying the average seizure duration or the incidence of epilepsy in animals. Treatment also decreased hippocampal neuron loss and rescued cognitive deficits. Oxidative stress during epileptogenesis was associated with de novo brain and blood generation of disulfide high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neuroinflammatory molecule implicated in seizure mechanisms. Drug-induced reduction of oxidative stress prevented disulfide HMGB1 generation, thus highlighting a potential novel mechanism contributing to therapeutic effects. Our data show that targeting oxidative stress with clinically used drugs for a limited time window starting early after injury significantly improves long-term disease outcomes. This intervention may be considered for patients exposed to potential epileptogenic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pauletti
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Alessia Salamone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Rizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pastore
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Unit, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pascente
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Li-Ping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bianca R Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Balosso
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ennio Del Giudice
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, UK
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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29
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Horne A, Wickström R, Jordan MB, Yeh EA, Naqvi A, Henter JI, Janka G. How to Treat Involvement of the Central Nervous System in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis? Curr Treat Options Neurol 2017; 19:3. [PMID: 28155064 PMCID: PMC5290057 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-017-0439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Central nervous system (CNS)-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is not a disease in itself, but it is part of a systemic immune response. The vast majority of patients with CNS-HLH also have systemic HLH and a large number of patients with primary and secondary HLH have CNS involvement. Reactivations within the CNS are frequent during the course of HLH treatment and may occur concomitant with or independent of systemic relapses. It is also important to consider primary HLH as an underlying cause of "unknown CNS inflammation" as these patients may present with only CNS disease. To initiate proper treatment, a correct diagnosis must be made. A careful review of the patient's history and a thorough neurological examination are essential. In addition to the blood tests required to make a diagnosis of HLH, a lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should always be done in all cases regardless of the presence or absence of neurological signs or symptom. Treatment options for CNS-HLH include, but are not limited to, those commonly used in systemic HLH, including corticosteroids, etoposide, cyclosporine A, alemtuzumab, and ATG. In addition, intrathecal treatment with methotrexate and corticosteroids has become a standard care and is likely to be beneficial. Therapy must be initiated without inappropriate delay to prevent late effects in HLH. An interesting novel approach is an anti-IFN-gamma antibody (NI-0501), which is currently being tested. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) also represents an important CNS-HLH treatment; patients with primary HLH may benefit from immediate HSCT even if there is active disease at time of transplantation, though care should be taken to monitor CNS inflammation through HSCT and treat if needed. Since CNS-HLH is a condition leading to the most severe late effects of HLH, early expert consultation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaCarin Horne
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Division of Pediatrics Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ronny Wickström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Division of Pediatrics Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E Ann Yeh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Naqvi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Division of Pediatrics Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gritta Janka
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Lavric M, Miranda-García MA, Holzinger D, Foell D, Wittkowski H. Alarmins firing arthritis: Helpful diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic targets. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 84:401-410. [PMID: 27659403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous molecules with homeostatic roles that have reached the focus of research in inflammatory arthritis in the last two decades, mostly due to their ability to indicate tissue related damage after active or passive release from injured cells. From HMGB1, S100A8/A9 and S100A12 proteins, over heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and purine metabolites (e.g. uric acid, ATP) to altered matrix proteins and interleukin-33 (IL-33), a number of alarmins have been determined until now as having a role in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as well as spondyloarthritis and gout. Although formerly being linked to initiation and chronification of inflammatory arthritis, driving auto- and paracrine inflammatory loops, more recent research has also unraveled the alarmins' role in the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity and in resolution of inflammation. Providing a state-of-the-art overview of known alarmins, this review lists the known modes of action and pathologic contribution of alarmins to inflammatory arthritis, as well as biomarker potential of alarmins in the clinical setting for tracking disease severity. Based upon research on animal experimental models (CIA, AIA) and clinical trials, a look is made into potentially viable strategies for modifying alarmin secretion and their target receptor (e.g. TLR, RAGE) interaction with the purpose of attenuating arthritic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Lavric
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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31
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Brisse E, Matthys P, Wouters CH. Understanding the spectrum of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: update on diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:175-87. [PMID: 27292929 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine storm syndrome 'haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis' (HLH) is an under-recognized hyperinflammatory disorder, causing high morbidity and mortality risk in children and adults. It can be subdivided into a primary, genetic form and a secondary, acquired form that complicates diverse infections, malignancies and autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Both subtypes present with the same spectrum of non-specific symptoms, making accurate diagnosis and rapid treatment initiation challenging. In the last decade, increased awareness and international collaborative efforts fuelled a marked progress in diagnostic protocols and novel treatment strategies for HLH and new diagnostic guidelines are being tailored to specific secondary HLH subtypes. Therapy is gradually shifting its focus from overall immunosuppression towards targeting specific cytokines, cell types or signalling pathways underlying pathophysiology. Nevertheless, continued research efforts remain indispensable to customize therapy to individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Brisse
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine H Wouters
- Laboratory of Paediatric Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Brisse E, Wouters CH, Matthys P. Advances in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: differences and similarities. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:203-17. [PMID: 27264204 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of hyperinflammatory conditions that are inherited (primary HLH) or acquired in a context of infections, malignancies or autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorders (secondary HLH). Genetic defects in the cytotoxic machinery of natural killer and CD8(+) T cells underlie primary HLH, with residual cytotoxicity determining disease severity. Improved sequencing techniques have expanded the range of causal mutations and have redefined many cases of secondary HLH as primary HLH and vice versa, blurring the distinction between both subtypes. These insights allow HLH to be conceptualized as a threshold disease, in which interplay between various genetic and environmental factors causes progressive inflammation into a critical point, beyond which uncontrolled activation of immune cells and excessive cytokine production give rise to the cardinal symptoms of HLH. Various pathogenic pathways may thus converge to a common end stage of fulminant HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Brisse
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine H Wouters
- Laboratory of Paediatric Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Lundbäck P, Stridh P, Klevenvall L, Jenkins RE, Fischer M, Sundberg E, Andersson U, Antoine DJ, Harris HE. Characterization of the Inflammatory Properties of Actively Released HMGB1 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:605-19. [PMID: 25532033 PMCID: PMC4841912 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pathogenic effects of the endogenous inflammatory mediator high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) have been described in several inflammatory diseases. Recent reports have underlined the importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in determination of HMGB1 function and release mechanisms. We investigated the occurrence of PTMs of HMGB1 obtained from synovial fluid (SF) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients. RESULTS Analyses of 17 JIA patients confirmed high HMGB1 levels in SF. Liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of PTMs revealed that total HMGB1 levels were not associated with increased lactate dehydrogenase activity but strongly correlated with nuclear location sequence 2 (NLS2) hyperacetylation, indicating active release of HMGB1. The correlation between total HMGB1 levels and NLS2 hypoacetylation suggests additional, acetylation-independent release mechanisms. Monomethylation of lysine 43 (K43), a proposed neutrophil-specific PTM, was strongly associated with high HMGB1 levels, implying that neutrophils are a source of released HMGB1. Analysis of cysteine redox isoforms, fully reduced HMGB1, disulfide HMGB1, and oxidized HMGB1, revealed that HMGB1 acts as both a chemotactic and a cytokine-inducing mediator. These properties were associated with actively released HMGB1. INNOVATION This is the first report that characterizes HMGB1-specific PTMs during a chronic inflammatory condition. CONCLUSION HMGB1 in SF from JIA patients is actively released through both acetylation-dependent and -nondependent manners. The presence of various functional HMGB1 redox isoforms confirms the complexity of their pathogenic role during chronic inflammation. Defining HMGB1 release pathways and redox isoforms is critical for the understanding of the contribution of HMGB1 during inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lundbäck
- 1 Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- 2 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Klevenvall
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosalind E Jenkins
- 4 MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Fischer
- 1 Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundberg
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andersson
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- 4 MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Napolitano A, Antoine DJ, Pellegrini L, Baumann F, Pagano I, Pastorino S, Goparaju CM, Prokrym K, Canino C, Pass HI, Carbone M, Yang H. HMGB1 and Its Hyperacetylated Isoform are Sensitive and Specific Serum Biomarkers to Detect Asbestos Exposure and to Identify Mesothelioma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3087-96. [PMID: 26733616 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether serum levels of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) could differentiate malignant mesothelioma patients, asbestos-exposed individuals, and unexposed controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Hyperacetylated and nonacetylated HMGB1 (together referred to as total HMGB1) were blindly measured in blood collected from malignant mesothelioma patients (n = 22), individuals with verified chronic asbestos exposure (n = 20), patients with benign pleural effusions (n = 13) or malignant pleural effusions not due to malignant mesothelioma (n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 20). Blood levels of previously proposed malignant mesothelioma biomarkers fibulin-3, mesothelin, and osteopontin were also measured in nonhealthy individuals. RESULTS HMGB1 serum levels reliably distinguished malignant mesothelioma patients, asbestos-exposed individuals, and unexposed controls. Total HMGB1 was significantly higher in malignant mesothelioma patients and asbestos-exposed individuals compared with healthy controls. Hyperacetylated HMGB1 was significantly higher in malignant mesothelioma patients compared with asbestos-exposed individuals and healthy controls, and did not vary with tumor stage. At the cut-off value of 2.00 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of serum hyperacetylated HMGB1 in differentiating malignant mesothelioma patients from asbestos-exposed individuals and healthy controls was 100%, outperforming other previously proposed biomarkers. Combining HMGB1 and fibulin-3 provided increased sensitivity and specificity in differentiating malignant mesothelioma patients from patients with cytologically benign or malignant non-mesothelioma pleural effusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results are significant and clinically relevant as they provide the first biomarker of asbestos exposure and indicate that hyperacetylated HMGB1 is an accurate biomarker to differentiate malignant mesothelioma patients from individuals occupationally exposed to asbestos and unexposed controls. A trial to independently validate these findings will start soon. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3087-96. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Napolitano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | - Chandra M Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kirill Prokrym
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Canino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | | | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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Li Q, Yu B, Yang P. Hypoxia-induced HMGB1 in would tissues promotes the osteoblast cell proliferation via activating ERK/JNK signaling. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15087-15097. [PMID: 26628992 PMCID: PMC4658881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box-B1 (HMGB1) is upregulated in tumors, inflammations, and other injuries. However, its extracellular role and signaling in wound healing remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the HMGB1 levels in hematoma samples in fractured bones and in human macrophagy U937 cells under hypoxia with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting. Then we investigated the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling western blotting in osteoblast MG-63 cells under hypoxia, with or without HMGB1 treatment. And then we assessed the effects of extracellular HMGB1 on cell proliferation of MG-63 cells with CCK-8 assay. It was demonstrated that HMGB1 expression was significantly up regulated in hematoma samples in fractured bones and in U937 cells under hypoxia. MG-63 cells under hypoxia showed an increased HMGB1 in the cytoplasm rather than in nuclei. And the extracellular HMGB1 ameliorated the hypoxia-induced viability reduction and promoted the proliferation of MG-63 cells. Moreover, the MG-63 cells incubated with HMGB1 had increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas such effect was blocked by the TLR-4 knockout with SIRNA-TLR-4 transfection. In conclusion, we found the up regulation HMGB1 in the hematoma of fractured bones and in macrophage U937 cells under hypoxia, and the hypoxia-up regulated HMGB1 promoted the proliferation of osteoblast MG-63 cells and activated the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. And the proliferation promotion and the activation of ERK/JNK signaling was TLR-4-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot 010059, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot 010056, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
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Vénéreau E, Ceriotti C, Bianchi ME. DAMPs from Cell Death to New Life. Front Immunol 2015; 6:422. [PMID: 26347745 PMCID: PMC4539554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our body handles tissue damage by activating the immune system in response to intracellular molecules released by injured tissues [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)], in a similar way as it detects molecular motifs conserved in pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). DAMPs are molecules that have a physiological role inside the cell, but acquire additional functions when they are exposed to the extracellular environment: they alert the body about danger, stimulate an inflammatory response, and finally promote the regeneration process. Beside their passive release by dead cells, some DAMPs can be secreted or exposed by living cells undergoing a life-threatening stress. DAMPs have been linked to inflammation and related disorders: hence, inhibition of DAMP-mediated inflammatory responses is a promising strategy to improve the clinical management of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases. However, it is important to consider that DAMPs are not only danger signals but also central players in tissue repair. Indeed, some DAMPs have been studied for their role in tissue healing after sterile or infection-associated inflammation. This review is focused on two exemplary DAMPs, HMGB1 and adenosine triphosphate, and their contribution to both inflammation and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Vénéreau
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy ; HMGBiotech Srl , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Ceriotti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy ; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
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Varga G, Gattorno M, Foell D, Rubartelli A. Redox distress and genetic defects conspire in systemic autoinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 11:670-80. [PMID: 26241183 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is initiated by innate immune cell activation after contact with pathogens or tissue injury. An increasing number of observations have suggested that cellular stress, in the absence of infection or evident damage, can also induce inflammation. Thus, inflammation can be triggered by exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-so-called classic inflammation-or by endogenous stress resulting from tissue or cellular dysfunction. External triggers and cellular stress activate the same molecular pathways, possibly explaining why classic and stress-induced inflammation have similar clinical manifestations. In some systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs), inflammatory cells exhibit reduction-oxidation (redox) distress, having high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote proinflammatory cytokine production and contribute to the subversion of mechanisms that self-limit inflammation. Thus, SAIDs can be viewed as a paradigm of stress-related inflammation, being characterized by recurrent flares or chronic inflammation (with no recognizable external triggers) and by a failure to downmodulate this inflammation. Here, we review SAID pathophysiology, focusing on the major cytokines and DAMPs, and on the key roles of redox distress. New therapeutic opportunities to tackle SAIDs by blocking stress-induced pathways and control the response to stress in patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Varga
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Second Division of Paediatrics, G. Gaslini Institute, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Long J, Guo K, Ge C, Du R. microRNA-218 suppresses the proliferation, invasion and promotes apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting HMGB1. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:247-57. [PMID: 26157321 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the expression profiles of microRNA-218 (miR-218) in human pancreatic cancer tissue (PCT) and cells and their effects on the biological features of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 and observe the effect of miR-218 on the expression of the target gene high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), with an attempt to provide new treatment methods and strategies for pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expressions of miR-218 in PCT and normal pancreas tissue as well as in various pancreatic cancer cell lines including AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and PANC-1 were determined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The change of miR-218 expression in PANC-1 cells was detected using qRT-PCT after the transfection of miR-218 mimic for 48 h. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was applied for detecting the effect of miR-218 on the activity of PANC-1 cells. The effects of miR-218 on the proliferation and apoptosis of PANC-1 cells were analyzed using the flow cytometry. The effect of miR-218 on the migration of PANC-1 cells was detected using the Trans-well migration assay. The HMGB1 was found to be a target gene of miR-218 by luciferase reporter assay, and the effect of miR-218 on the expression of HMGB1 protein in cells were determined using Western blotting. RESULTS As shown by qRT-PCR, the expressions of miR-218 in PCT and in pancreatic cancer cell line significantly decreased when compared with the normal pancreatic tissue (NPT) (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the miR-218 expression significantly increased in the PANC-1 group after the transfection of miR-218 mimic for 48 h (P<0.01). Growth curve showed that the cell viability significantly dropped after the overexpression of miR-218 in the PANC-1 cells for two days (P<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the S-phase fraction significantly dropped after the overexpression of miR-218 (P<0.01) and the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased (P<0.01). As shown by the Trans-well migration assay, the enhanced miR-218 expression was associated with a significantly lower number of cells that passed through a Transwell chamber (P<0.01). Luciferase reporter assay showed that, compared with the control group, the relative luciferase activity significantly decreased in the miR-218 mimic group (P<0.01). As shown by the Western blotting, compared with the control group, the HMGB1 protein expression significantly decreased in the PANC-1 group after the transfection of miR-218 mimic for 48 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The miR-218 expression decreases in human PCT and cell lines. miR-218 can negatively regulate the HMGB1 protein expression and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. A treatment strategy by enhancing the miR-218 expression may benefit the patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- 1 Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China ; 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110024, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- 1 Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China ; 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110024, China
| | - Jin Long
- 1 Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China ; 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110024, China
| | - Kejian Guo
- 1 Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China ; 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110024, China
| | - Chunlin Ge
- 1 Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China ; 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110024, China
| | - Ruixia Du
- 1 Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China ; 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fengtian Hospital, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110024, China
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