1
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Uno Y, Yamato O, Yamazaki H. Transcript abundance of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in two dog breeds compared with 14 species including humans. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 55:101002. [PMID: 38452615 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes are important in drug development and therapy, but have not been fully identified and characterized in many species, lines, and breeds. Liver transcriptomic data were analyzed for phase I cytochromes P450, flavin-containing monooxygenases, and carboxylesterases and phase II UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and glutathione S-transferases. Comparisons with a variety of species (humans, rhesus macaques, African green monkeys, baboons, common marmosets, cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, rabbits, tree shrews, rats, mice, and chickens) revealed both general similarities and differences in the transcript abundances of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Similarly, Beagle and Shiba dogs were examined by next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). Consequently, no substantial differences in transcript abundance were noted in different breeds of pigs and dogs and in different lines of mice and rats. Therefore, the expression profiles of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme transcripts appear to be similar in Shiba and Beagle dogs and pig breeds and the rat and mouse lines analyzed, although some differences were found in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
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2
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Motohira K, Yohannes YB, Ikenaka Y, Eguchi A, Nakayama SM, Wepener V, Smit NJ, VAN Vuren JH, Ishizuka M. Investigation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on xenobiotic enzyme disruption and metabolomic bile acid biosynthesis in DDT-sprayed areas using wild rats. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:236-243. [PMID: 36596564 PMCID: PMC10017292 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide used worldwide. Several studies have reported the toxic effects of DDT and its metabolites on steroid hormone biosynthesis; however, its environmental effects are not well understood. This study examined wild rats collected in DDT-sprayed areas of South Africa and quantified plasma metabolites using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). Fold change analysis of the metabolome revealed the effect of DDT on bile acid biosynthesis. Gene expression of the related enzyme in rat liver samples was also quantified. Significant association was found between DDT and gene expression levels related to constitutive androstane receptor mediated enzymes, such as Cyp2b1 in rat livers. However, our results could not fully demonstrate that enzymes related to bile acid biosynthesis were strongly affected by DDT. The correlation between DDT concentration and gene expression involved in steroid hormone synthesis in testis was also evaluated; however, no significant correlation was found. The disturbance of metabolic enzymes occurred in rat liver in the target area. Our results suggest that DDT exposure affects gene expression in wild rats living in DDT-sprayed areas. Therefore, there is a need for DDT toxicity evaluation in mammals living in DDT-sprayed areas. We could not find an effective biomarker that could reflect the mechanism of DDT exposure; however, this approach can provide new insights for future research to evaluate DDT effects in sprayed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Motohira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yared Beyene Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shouta Mm Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johan Hj VAN Vuren
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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3
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Kawase A, Mukai H, Tateishi S, Kuroda S, Kazaoka A, Satoh R, Shimada H, Sugiura R, Iwaki M. Protein Kinase N Family Negatively Regulates Constitutive Androstane Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Induction of Cytochrome P450 2b10 in the Livers of Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:53-63. [PMID: 34312179 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In receptor-type transcription factors-mediated cytochrome P450 (P450) induction, few studies have attempted to clarify the roles of protein kinase N (PKN) in the transcriptional regulation of P450s. This study aimed to examine the involvement of PKN in the transcriptional regulation of P450s by receptor-type transcription factors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor. The mRNA and protein levels and metabolic activity of P450s in the livers of wild-type (WT) and double-mutant (D) mice harboring both PKN1 kinase-negative knock-in and PKN3 knockout mutations [PKN1 T778A/T778A; PKN3 -/-] were determined after treatment with activators for receptor-type transcription factors. mRNA and protein levels and metabolic activity of CYP2B10 were significantly higher in D mice treated with the CAR activator phenobarbital (PB) but not with 1,4-bis((3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)benzene compared with WT mice. We examined the CAR-dependent pathway regulated by PKN after PB treatment because the extent of CYP2B10 induction in WT and D mice was notably different in response to treatment with different CAR activators. The mRNA levels of Cyp2b10 in primary hepatocytes from WT and D mice treated with PB alone or in combination with Src kinase inhibitor 1 (SKI-1) or U0126 (a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor) were evaluated. Treatment of hepatocytes from D mice with the combination of PB with U0126 but not SKI-1 significantly increased the mRNA levels of Cyp2b10 compared with those from the corresponding WT mice. These findings suggest that PKN may have inhibitory effects on the Src-receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) pathway in the CAR-mediated induction of Cyp2b10 in mice livers. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This is the first report of involvement of PKN in the transcriptional regulation of P450s. The elucidation of mechanisms responsible for induction of P450s could help optimize the pharmacotherapy and improve drug development. We examined whether the mRNA and protein levels and activities of P450s were altered in double-mutant mice harboring both PKN1 kinase-negative knock-in and PKN3 knockout mutations. PKN1/3 negatively regulates CAR-mediated induction of Cyp2b10 through phosphorylation of a signaling molecule in the Src-RACK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Hideyuki Mukai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Shunsuke Tateishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Akira Kazaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (A.Kaw., S.T., S.K., A.Kaz., H.S., M.I.); Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan (H.M.); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (H.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Sa., R.Su.); Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.); and Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan (R.Su., M.I.)
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Kawase A, Hirosoko M, Sugihara Y, Koyama Y, Fukae A, Shimada H, Iwaki M. NHERF1/EBP50 as a Target for Modulation of MRP Function in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030239. [PMID: 33800412 PMCID: PMC8002045 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As increased expression and activities of efflux transporters (ETs) often cause drug resistance in cancers, we tried modulating ET activity in cancer cells, using scaffold proteins such as ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, and Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1)/ERM-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa (EBP50). To see whether EBP50 modulated ET activities in human liver cancer HepG2 cells, we used EBP50 siRNA and a designed TAT-PDZ1 peptide. The EBP50 knockdown (EBP50KD) cells had significantly higher intracellular accumulations of Rho123 and carboxy-dichlorofluorescein (CDF), but not H33342 (i.e., the respective substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)), compared with control HepG2, suggesting that EBP50 knockdown in HepG2 cells decreased activity of P-gp and MRP but not BCRP. Treatment with TAT-PDZ1 peptide (>1 pM) resulted in significantly higher CDF accumulation in HepG2 cells, which persisted for ≥180 min after TAT-PDZ1 peptide treatment. These results imply that EBP50 can modulate ET activities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using a competitive peptide to modulate interactions between MRP and EBP50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miho Hirosoko
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Yuka Sugihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Yunosuke Koyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Ayaka Fukae
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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5
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Kawase A, Chuma T, Irie K, Kazaoka A, Kakuno A, Matsuda N, Shimada H, Iwaki M. Increased penetration of diphenhydramine in brain via proton-coupled organic cation antiporter in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 10:100188. [PMID: 34589723 PMCID: PMC8474606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Uptake transporters in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are involved in the penetration of basic (cationic) drugs such as diphenhydramine (DPHM) into the brain. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation alters the expression levels and activities of uptake transporters, which change the penetration of DPHM into the brain. A brain microdialysis study showed that the unbound brain-to-plasma partition coefficient (Kp,uu,brain) for DPHM in LPS rats was approximately two times higher than that in control rats. The transcellular transport of DPHM to BMECs was increased when BMECs were cultured with serum from LPS rats. Compared with control rats or BMECs, the brain uptake of DPHM in LPS rats was increased and the intracellular accumulation of DPHM was increased under a high intracellular pH in BMECs from LPS rats, respectively. Treatment of BMECs with transporter inhibitors or inflammatory cytokines had little impact on the intracellular accumulation of DPHM in BMECs. This study suggests that LPS-induced inflammation promotes unidentified proton-coupled organic cation (H+/OC) antiporters that improve the penetration of DPHM into rat brain via the blood-brain barrier. The unbound brain-to-plasma partition coefficient for diphenhydramine (DPHM) was increased in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats. The uptake of DPHM to brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) was promoted by treatments of serum from rats with inflammation. Treatment of BMECs with transporter inhibitors or inflammatory cytokines had little impact on the intracellular accumulation of DPHM in BMECs. LPS-induced inflammation promotes unidentified proton-coupled organic cation antiporters that improve the brain penetration of DPHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Corresponding author. 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Taihei Chuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Irie
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kazaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Kakuno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Doan TNK, Vo DK, Kim H, Balla A, Lee Y, Yoon IS, Maeng HJ. Differential Effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on the Expressions and Functions of Hepatic CYP and UGT Enzymes and Its Pharmacokinetic Consequences In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111129. [PMID: 33238436 PMCID: PMC7700423 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is the active form of vitamin D3 and a representative ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies have described the impacts of 1,25(OH)2D3 on a small number of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, but comparatively little is known about interactions between several important CYP and UGT isoforms and 1,25(OH)2D3 in vitro and/or in vivo. Thus, we investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the gene and protein expressions and functional activities of selected CYPs and UGTs and their impacts on drug pharmacokinetics in rats. The mRNA/protein expressions of Cyp2b1 and Cyp2c11 were downregulated in rat liver by 1,25(OH)2D3. Consistently, the in vitro metabolic kinetics (Vmax and CLint) of BUP (bupropion; a Cyp2b1 substrate) and TOL (tolbutamide; a Cyp2c11 substrate) were significantly changed by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in liver microsomes, but the kinetics of acetaminophen (an Ugt1a6/1a7/1a8 substrate) remained unaffected, consistent with Western blotting data for Ugt1a6. In rat pharmacokinetic studies, the total body clearance (CL) and nonrenal clearance (CLNR) of BUP were significantly reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3, but unexpectedly, the total area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC) of hydroxybupropion (HBUP) was increased probably due to a marked reduction in the renal clearance (CLR) of HBUP. Additionally, the AUC, CL, and CLNR for TOL and the AUC for 4-hydroxytolbutamide (HTOL) were unaffected by 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo. Discrepancies between observed in vitro metabolic activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics of TOL were possibly due to a greater apparent distribution volume at the steady-state (Vss) and lower plasma protein binding in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. Our results suggest possible drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions and provide additional information concerning safe drug combinations and dosing regimens for patients taking VDR ligand drugs including 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen Kieu Doan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Dang-Khoa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Anusha Balla
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.Y.); (H.-J.M.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2806 (I.-S.Y.); +82-32-820-4935 (H.-J.M.)
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.K.D.); (D.-K.V.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.-S.Y.); (H.-J.M.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2806 (I.-S.Y.); +82-32-820-4935 (H.-J.M.)
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7
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Yokotani K, Yamazaki Y, Shimura F, Umegaki K. Comparison of CYP Induction by Coleus forskohlii Extract and Recovery in the Small Intestine and Liver of Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:116-123. [PMID: 31902916 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined CYP induction and recovery at various doses of Coleus forskohlii extract (CFE) to assess potential drug interactions by a mechanism involving intestinal CYP. Mice were administered diets with various doses of CFE up to 0.5% (equivalent to 700-800 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks, then CFE was withdrawn for 3 d. Changes in CYP activities and mRNA expression in the small intestine and liver were then evaluated. CFE induced CYP in the small intestine at a higher dose compared to the liver; CYP3A was induced at 0.5% and 0.005% CFE in the small intestine and liver, respectively. There was no sex difference in CFE dose for CYP induction. CYP induction quickly reverted after withdrawal of CFE, especially for CYP3A, in the small intestine; whereas, a gradual recovery was observed in the liver. In conclusion, CFE induced CYP in the small intestine and liver; however, a higher dose of CFE was needed for the small intestine. Moreover, the induction was soon recovered, suggesting actual interactions of CFE with prescription drugs are unlikely to occur through CYP in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yokotani
- Department of Food Safety and Management, Showa Women's University
| | | | - Fumio Shimura
- Graduate Schoool of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University
| | - Keizo Umegaki
- Department of Food Safety and Management, Showa Women's University
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8
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Changes in Radixin Expression and Interaction with Efflux Transporters in the Liver of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats. Inflammation 2019; 43:85-94. [PMID: 31654296 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins such as radixin help to modulate the plasma membrane localization and transport activity of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) efflux transporters in the liver. We examined changes in radixin expression and interaction with efflux transporters in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) rats, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells because inflammation affects drug pharmacokinetics via the efflux transporters. The expression levels of radixin and phosphorylated radixin (p-radixin) were measured 24 h after treatment with inflammatory cytokines comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a nitric oxide donor). The protein levels of radixin, MRP2, and P-gp in the rat liver were next examined. We also investigated whether inflammation affected the formation of complexes between radixin and MRP2 or P-gp. The mRNA and protein levels of radixin in HepG2 cells were significantly decreased by TNF-α treatment, while minimal changes were observed after treatment with IL-1β, IL-6 or SNP. TNF-α also significantly decreased the protein levels of p-radixin, suggesting that TNF-α inhibited the activation of radixin and thereby reduced the activity of the efflux transporters. Complex formation of radixin with MRP2 and P-gp was significantly decreased in AA rats but this was reversed by prednisolone and dexamethasone treatment, indicating that decreased interactions of radixin with MRP2 and P-gp likely occur during liver inflammation. These data suggest that liver inflammation reduces radixin function by decreasing its interactions with MRP2 and P-gp.
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Fukuno S, Nagai K, Horii A, Yamamoto K, Konishi H. Pharmacokinetics and metabolic elimination of tolbutamide in female rats: Comparison with male rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:321-327. [PMID: 29978919 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As there are to be known gender differences in the expression profiles of rat hepatic CYP2C, we examined the pharmacokinetic behavior of tolbutamide (TB), a typical probe for CYP2C, and hepatic enzyme activities for metabolizing TB in female rats to compare with male rats. On the pharmacokinetic analysis of TB after intravenous administration to female rats, the elimination rate constant at the terminal phase (ke ), total clearance (CLtot ) and the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss ) were significantly lower than in male rats. The binding rates of TB to serum protein were similar in male and female rats, indicating that the change in unbound TB concentration in serum is not associated with the difference in the pharmacokinetic disposition of TB. On metabolic examination using hepatic microsomes, the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax ) of the metabolic conversion from TB to 4-hydroxytolbutamide (4-OH-TB) in female rats was lower than that in male rats, although there was no significant difference in the Michaelis constant (Km ) between genders. Consistent with this, the Vmax -to-Km ratio (Vmax /Km ) was significantly lower in female rats than in male rats. Therefore, the low in vitro CYP2C-dependent activity for hepatic TB removal in female rats provided a clear explanation for the lower in vivo elimination clearance of TB. Our findings strongly suggest that there is a gender difference in the metabolic capacity to eliminate drugs that serve as substrates of hepatic CYP2C enzymes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Fukuno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Nagai
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Ayano Horii
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, 584-8540, Japan
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Kawauchi S, Nakamura T, Horibe S, Tanahashi T, Mizuno S, Hamaguchi T, Rikitake Y. Down-regulation of hepatic CYP3A1 expression in a rat model of indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcers. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:522-532. [PMID: 27666336 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver and the small intestine are closely related in the processes of drug absorption, metabolism and excretion via the enterohepatic circulation. Small intestinal ulcers are a serious adverse effect commonly occurring in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the influence of small intestinal ulcers on drug metabolism has not been established. This study examined the expressional changes of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver using an indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcer rat model and in cultured cells. After the administration of indomethacin to rats, ulcers were observed in the small intestine and expression of CYP3A1, the major isoform of hepatic CYP, was significantly down-regulated in the liver, accompanied by increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, in the small intestine and the liver. The indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration, the increase in inflammatory mediators in the small intestine and the liver, and the down-regulation of CYP3A1 expression in the liver were inhibited by co-administration of ampicillin, an antibacterial agent. In the human hepatic HepG2 cell line, IL-1β, IL-6 and NOC-18, an NO donor, caused down-regulation of CYP3A4, the major isoform of human CYP3A. Thus, this study suggests that after indomethacin treatment small intestinal ulcers cause the down-regulation of CYP3A1 in the rat liver through an increase in ulcer-derived inflammatory mediators. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kawauchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakamura
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Sayo Horibe
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tanahashi
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shigeto Mizuno
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Endoscopy Department, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1, Otoda-cho, Ikoma, 630-0293, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hamaguchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.,Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Kawase A, Tanaka H, Otori T, Matsuyama K, Iwaki M. Effects of duration of phenytoin administration on mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein in the liver and small intestine of rats. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Kawase A, Handa A, Iwaki M. Effects of High-cholesterol Diet on Pravastatin Disposition in the Perfused Rat Liver. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 42:519-526. [PMID: 27511381 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Various nutrients modulate the expression of transporters; however, the effect of a high-cholesterol (HC) diet on the expression and function of hepatic transporters remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of an HC diet on drug disposition via hepatic transporters, including organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp), and bile salt export pump (Bsep). METHODS In situ perfused rat liver system was performed. The levels of pravastatin, which is taken up into hepatocytes by Oatp and excreted into bile by Mrp2, in the perfusate and in bile were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Pravastatin was rapidly eliminated in control and HC rats; however, the cumulative amounts of excreted in bile were significantly higher in HC rats than in controls possibly because of the enhanced bile flow in HC rats (0.93 ± 0.05 μL/min in control, and 1.22 ± 0.18 μL/min in HC). Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot assessment of the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic transporters showed a significant downregulation of the Oatp1a1 and Bsep proteins in HC rats, whereas no differences in Mrp2 and Mrp3 levels were observed between HC and control rats. The analysis of the localization of Mrp2 on the canalicular membrane by immunofluorescence showed no changes in HC rats, although Mrp2 was readily internalized from the canalicular membrane under specific conditions. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that the HC diet affected the biliary excretion of pravastatin concomitant with increased bile flow, despite minimal effects on the expression of hepatic transporters. The HC diet could promote the biliary excretion of other drugs and metabolites that are substrates of Mrp2 and Bsep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Handa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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Nishiyama Y, Nakayama SMM, Watanabe KP, Kawai YK, Ohno M, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Strain differences in cytochrome P450 mRNA and protein expression, and enzymatic activity among Sprague Dawley, Wistar, Brown Norway and Dark Agouti rats. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:675-80. [PMID: 26806536 PMCID: PMC4873860 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) exhibits inter-strain differences, but their analysis has been
scattered across studies under different conditions. To identify these strain differences
in CYP more comprehensively, mRNA expression, protein expression and metabolic activity
among Wistar (WI), Sprague Dawley (SD), Dark Agouti (DA) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were
compared. The mRNA level and enzymatic activity of CYP1A1 were highest in SD rats. The
rank order of Cyp3a2 mRNA expression mirrored its protein expression,
i.e., DA>BN>SD>WI, and was similar to the CYP3A2-dependent warfarin metabolic
activity, i.e., DA>SD>BN>WI. These results suggest that the strain differences in
CYP3A2 enzymatic activity are caused by differences in mRNA expression.
Cyp2b1 mRNA levels, which were higher in DA rats, did not correlate
with its protein expression or enzymatic activity. This suggests that the strain
differences in enzymatic activity are not related to Cyp2b1 mRNA
expression. In conclusion, WI rats tended to have the lowest CYP1A1, 2B1 and 3A2 mRNA
expression, protein expression and enzymatic activity among the strains. In addition, SD
rats had the highest CYP1A1 mRNA expression and activity, while DA rats had higher CYP2B1
and CYP3A2 mRNA and protein expression. These inter-strain differences in CYP could
influence pharmacokinetic considerations in preclinical toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, 18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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14
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Kawase A, Araki Y, Ueda Y, Nakazaki S, Iwaki M. Impact of a high-cholesterol diet on expression levels of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 and intestinal transporters in rats and mice. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2015; 41:457-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kawase A, Sakata M, Yada N, Nakasaka M, Shimizu T, Kato Y, Iwaki M. Decreased radixin function for ATP-binding cassette transporters in liver in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:4058-4065. [PMID: 25331966 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological changes are associated with alterations in the expression and function of numerous ADME-related proteins. We have previously demonstrated that the membrane localization of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in liver was decreased without change of total expression levels in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats. Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are involved in localization of some ABC transporters in canalicular membrane. The mRNA levels of radixin decreased significantly in liver but not kidney, small intestine, and brain. The mRNA levels of ezrin and moesin did not change in AA. The membrane localization of radixin was reduced in liver of AA and the ratios of activated radixin (p-radixin) to total radixin were decreased in AA, although the protein levels of radixin did not change in homogenate and membrane protein. To clarify whether AA affects the linker functions of ERM proteins, we examined the interactions between ERM proteins and ABC transporters. The interactions between radixin and ABC transporters were decreased in AA. In vitro studies using human hepatoma HepG2 cells showed that interleukin-1β decreased the mRNA levels of radixin and colocalization of radixin and Mrp2. Our results show that the decreased radixin functions affect the interaction between radixin and ABC transporters in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Misato Sakata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nagisa Yada
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Misaki Nakasaka
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Kawase A, Norikane S, Okada A, Adachi M, Kato Y, Iwaki M. Distinct alterations in ATP-binding cassette transporter expression in liver, kidney, small intestine, and brain in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2556-64. [PMID: 24912442 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiological changes of infection or inflammation are associated with alterations in the production of numerous absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion-related proteins. However, little information is available on the effects of inflammation on the expression levels and activities of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We examined the effect of acute (on day 7) and chronic (on day 21) inflammation on the expression of ABC transporters in some major tissues in rat. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats was used as an animal model for inflammation. The mRNA levels of mdr1a and mdr1b encoding P-glycoprotein (P-gp) decreased significantly in livers of AA rats on day 21. Hepatic protein levels of P-gp, Mrp2, and Bcrp decreased significantly in membranes but not homogenates of AA rats after 7 days and after 21 days of treatment with adjuvant. Contrary to liver, protein levels of P-gp and Mrp2, but not Bcrp in kidney, increased significantly in membranes. The biliary excretion of rhodamine 123 was decreased in rats with chronic inflammation owing to decreases in efflux activities of P-gp. Our results showed that the expression of transporters in response to inflammation was organ dependent. In particular, hepatic and renal P-gp and Mrp2 exhibited opposite changes in membrane protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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17
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Age-related changes in mRNA levels of hepatic transporters, cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in female rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:239-44. [PMID: 24899460 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes affect drug pharmacokinetics. Limited information exists on the alteration in mRNA levels of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes with aging. We examined the effects of aging on the mRNA levels of representative hepatic drug transporters and metabolic enzymes by analyzing their levels in 10-, 30- and 50-week-old male and female rats. Levels of mRNA of drug transporters including multidrug resistance protein (Mdr)1a, multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)2, breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp)1a1, and the metabolic enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A1, CYP3A2 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1 were analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA levels of transporters in male rats did not decrease with age, while the mRNA levels of Bcrp and Oatp1a1 in female rats decreased with age. The mRNA levels of CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 in male rats were higher than those in female rats. The mRNA levels of metabolic enzymes decreased with age in female but not male rats. In particular, the mRNA levels of UGT1A1 in 10-week-old female rats were higher than those in male rats. mRNA expression of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes are more susceptible to aging in female than male rats. The age-related decreases in the mRNA levels of Bcrp, Oatp1a1, CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 in female rats may affect the metabolism and transport of substrates. This study showed that aging affected the mRNA expression of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes in rats.
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Kawase A, Yamada A, Gamou Y, Tahara C, Takeshita F, Murata K, Matsuda H, Samukawa K, Iwaki M. Effects of ginsenosides on the expression of cytochrome P450s and transporters involved in cholesterol metabolism. J Nat Med 2013; 68:395-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu H, Gan J, Liu X, Wu R, Jin Y, Li M, Yuan B. Gender-dependent pharmacokinetics of lignans in rats after single and multiple oral administration of Schisandra chinensis extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:224-231. [PMID: 23501155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as sedatives and tonics in clinic. Schisandra lignans are believed to be the major bioactive components in S. chinensis. However, there is a lack of information about the effects of gender and repeated-dose on the pharmacokinetic properties of the schisandra lignans. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was performed to investigate the influence of gender on the pharmacokinetics of schisandra lignans after administration of S. chinensis extract and to compare their pharmacokinetic behaviors between single and multiple administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of rats (half male and half female) were received a single dose or multiple doses of S. chinensis extract, respectively. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine the plasma concentrations of schisandra lignans. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of schisandrin, schisandrol B, deoxyschisandrin, γ-schisandrin and schisantherin A were significantly different by gender difference. The t1/2 of all the tested schisandra lignans in female rats were 2-9 times longer than the corresponding values in male rats. The Cmax and AUC0-t of these schisandra lignans except schisantherin A in female rats were 5-50 times higher than those in male rats. The pharmacokinetic profiles of schisandrin, schisandrol B, deoxyschisandrin and schisantherin A in both gender rats after multiple doses were similar to the corresponding profile after single dose. CONCLUSION All the tested schisandra lignans showed slower elimination and higher bioavailability in female rats after single or multiple administration of S. chinensis extract compared with male rats. Their pharmacokinetic profiles were not affected by repeated-dose except γ-schisandrin, which was eliminated more slowly in female rats after multiple administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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20
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Su T, Mao C, Yin F, Yu Z, Lin Y, Song Y, Lu T. Effects of unprocessed versus vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis on the activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 enzymes in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:734-743. [PMID: 23376044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (SC) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used in clinical practices for thousands of years. However, the differences between the effects of unprocessed and vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis (VSC) on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activities are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the differences between processed and unprocessed SC on the metabolism of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 substrates in rats using a cocktail method based on a developed and validated HPLC method. We also investigate the influence of processing on the levels of CYP mRNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three probe substrates (theophylline, dapsone and chlorzoxazone) were delivered simultaneously into rats treated with single or multiple doses of processed or unprocessed SC extract. The plasma concentrations of the three probes were profiled by HPLC, and their corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the effects of processed and unprocessed SC on the mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 in the liver. RESULTS Treatment with single or multiple doses of either extract of SC induced CYP3A4 enzyme activity and inhibited CYP1A2 enzyme activity in rats. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of SC was more potent after vinegar processing than without vinegar processing. CYP2E1 enzyme activity was induced after treatment with a single dose but was inhibited after multiple doses. The mRNA expression results were in accordance with the pharmacokinetic results. CONCLUSIONS These results provide useful scientific data for the safe clinical application of either extract of SC in combination with other drugs, which should lack the side effects induced by other herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210046, PR China
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Kawase A, Wada S, Iwaki M. Changes in mRNA Expression and Activity of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes in Livers from Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.46069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of schizonepetin on activity and mRNA expression of cytochrome p450 enzymes in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17006-18. [PMID: 23235327 PMCID: PMC3546736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find out whether Schizonepetin influences the pharmacokinetics of the main substrates drugs of CYP1A2, CYP3A1/2, CYP2E1, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in rats; the influence on the levels of CYP mRNA was also studied. Phenacetin, dapsone, chlorzoxazone, omeprazole and metoprolol were selected as probe substrates for CYP1A2, CYP3A1/2, CYP2E1, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 respectively. HPLC methods were employed for the determination of these substrates in plasma and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the effects of Schizonepetin on the mRNA expression of CYP3A1, CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in the rat liver. After the rats were orally administrated with Schizonepetin once a day for seven consecutive days, there were significant differences in plasma concentration of phenacetin, dapsone, chlorzoxazone and metoprolol, but not omeprazole, as compared with pre-administration. In addition, Schizonepetin induced the expression of CYP3A1, CYP1A and CYP2E1 at dosages of 24 and 48 mg/kg. Our results indicated that Schizonepetin had significant induction effects on CYP3A1/2 and inhibition effects on CYP1A2, CYP2E1 or CYP2D6 as oriented from the pharmacokinetic profiles of the substrates. Moreover, in the mRNA expression levels, Schizonepetin could induce the mRNA expression of CYP3A1, CYP1A and CYP2E1. In conclusion, co-administration of some CYP substrates with Schizonepetin may lead to an undesirable herb-drug interaction.
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Increased effects of ginsenosides on the expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase but not the bile salt export pump are involved in cholesterol metabolism. J Nat Med 2012; 67:545-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bowen JM, Gibson RJ, Keefe DM. Animal Models of Mucositis: Implications for Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suponc.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lopparelli RM, Zancanella V, Giantin M, Ravarotto L, Cozzi G, Montesissa C, Dacasto M. Constitutive expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and related transcription factors in cattle testis and their modulation by illicit steroids. Xenobiotica 2011; 40:670-80. [PMID: 20666625 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.506562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In veterinary species, little information about extrahepatic drug metabolism is actually available. Therefore, the presence of foremost drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and related transcription factors mRNAs was initially investigated in cattle testis; then, their possible modulation following the in vivo exposure to illicit growth promoters (GPs), which represent a major issue in cattle farming, was explored. All target genes were expressed in cattle testis, albeit to a lower extent compared to liver ones; furthermore, illicit protocols containing dexamethasone and 17β-oestradiol significantly up-regulated cytochrome P450 1A1, 2E1, oestrogen receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α mRNA levels. Overall, the constitutive expression of foremost DMEs and related transcription factors was demonstrated for the first time in cattle testis and illicit GPs were shown to affect pre-transcriptionally some of them, with possible consequences upon testicular xenobiotic drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Lopparelli
- Dipartimento di Sanità pubblica, Patologia comparata ed Igiene veterinaria, Agripolis Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is the study of the impact of genetic variation on drug effects, with the ultimate goal of achieving "personalised medicine". Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, great strides have been made towards the goal of personalised dosing of drugs in people, as exemplified by the development of gene-guided dosing of the anticoagulant drug, warfarin. Although the pharmacogenomics of domestic animals is still at an early stage of development, there is great potential for advances in the coming years as the direct result of complete genome sequences currently being derived for many of the species of significance to veterinary and comparative medicine. This sequence information is being used to discover sequence variants in candidate genes associated with altered drug response, as well as to develop whole genome high density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for genotype-phenotype linkage analysis. This review summarises the current state of veterinary pharmacogenomics research, including drug response variability phenotypes with either known genetic aetiology or strong circumstantial evidence for genetic involvement. Polymorphisms and rarer gene variants affecting drug disposition (pharmacokinetics) and drug effect (pharmacodynamics) are discussed. In addition to providing the veterinary clinician with useful information for the practise of therapeutics, it is envisaged that the increasing knowledge base will also provide a resource for individuals involved in veterinary and comparative biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Capela JP, Carmo H, Remião F, Bastos ML, Meisel A, Carvalho F. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ecstasy-Induced Neurotoxicity: An Overview. Mol Neurobiol 2009; 39:210-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-009-8064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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