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Audet-Delage Y, Rouleau M, Villeneuve L, Guillemette C. The Glycosyltransferase Pathway: An Integrated Analysis of the Cell Metabolome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12101006. [PMID: 36295907 PMCID: PMC9609030 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical to the homeostasis of endogenous metabolites and the detoxification of xenobiotics. Their impact on the cell metabolome remains unknown. Cellular metabolic changes resulting from human UGT expression were profiled by untargeted metabolomics. The abundant UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 were studied as UGT prototypes along with their alternative (alt.) splicing-derived isoforms displaying structural differences. Nineteen biochemical routes were modified, beyond known UGT substrates. Significant variations in glycolysis and pyrimidine pathways, and precursors of the co-substrate UDP-glucuronic acid were observed. Bioactive lipids such as arachidonic acid and endocannabinoids were highly enriched by up to 13.3-fold (p < 0.01) in cells expressing the canonical enzymes. Alt. UGT2B7 induced drastic and unique metabolic perturbations, including higher glucose (18-fold) levels and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle metabolites and abrogated the effects of the UGT2B7 canonical enzyme when co-expressed. UGT1A1 proteins promoted the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and TCA metabolites upstream of the mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC). Alt. UGT1A1 exacerbated these changes, likely through its interaction with the OGDC component oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL). This study expands the breadth of biochemical pathways associated with UGT expression and establishes extensive connectivity between UGT enzymes, alt. proteins and other metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Audet-Delage
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-654-2296
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Liu M, Sun C, Zheng X, Zhou Q, Liu B, Zhou Y, Xu P, Liu B. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Mechanism of Tea Tree Oil Targeting Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant System to Protect Hepatopancreatic Health in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906435. [PMID: 35711420 PMCID: PMC9195101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO) is a pure natural plant essential oil. The studies evaluated the hepatopancreas lipid metabolism and antioxidant efficacy of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed with 0 (CT group) and 100 mg/kg TTO (TT group) by label-free quantification proteomic analysis. Compared to the CT group, the TT group improved growth performance and increased the survival rate after stress. Dietary TTO also decreased hemolymph AST and ALT activities and decreased hepatopancreatic vacuolation. At the same time, hepatopancreas lipids droplets and hemolymph lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C) were decreased, and the peroxidation products content (MDA, LPO, 4-HNE) was also decreased. In addition, the levels of hepatopancreas antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, CAT, and SOD) were increased in the TT group. With proteomic analysis, a total of 151 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (99 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated) were identified in the hepatopancreas. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction analysis showed that the 16 DEPs have interactions, which are mainly involved in the pathways related to lipid metabolism (fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism) and redox reaction (cytochrome P450 enzyme systems). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of 15 proteins followed the proteomic analysis with qRT-PCR validation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that fatty acids and glycerophospholipid metabolism-related proteins were highly correlated to peroxide content, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cytochrome P450 system-related proteins (CYP1A1, GSTT1, GPX4) were highly correlated to AST and ALT. Additionally, GPX4 is closely related to peroxide content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Our results revealed that TTO plays a protective role in the hepatopancreas targeting the critical enzymes and antioxidant reactions in lipid metabolism. Provides a new perspective to elucidate the action path of TTO in protecting invertebrate hepatopancreas, highlights the influence of lipid metabolism on hepatopancreas health and the interaction between lipid metabolism and antioxidant system in the regulation of TTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Pao Xu, ; Bo Liu,
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Pao Xu, ; Bo Liu,
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Miners JO, Rowland A, Novak JJ, Lapham K, Goosen TC. Evidence-based strategies for the characterisation of human drug and chemical glucuronidation in vitro and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase reaction phenotyping. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107689. [PMID: 32980440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily contribute to the elimination of drugs from almost all therapeutic classes. Awareness of the importance of glucuronidation as a drug clearance mechanism along with increased knowledge of the enzymology of drug and chemical metabolism has stimulated interest in the development and application of approaches for the characterisation of human drug glucuronidation in vitro, in particular reaction phenotyping (the fractional contribution of the individual UGT enzymes responsible for the glucuronidation of a given drug), assessment of metabolic stability, and UGT enzyme inhibition by drugs and other xenobiotics. In turn, this has permitted the implementation of in vitro - in vivo extrapolation approaches for the prediction of drug metabolic clearance, intestinal availability, and drug-drug interaction liability, all of which are of considerable importance in pre-clinical drug development. Indeed, regulatory agencies (FDA and EMA) require UGT reaction phenotyping for new chemical entities if glucuronidation accounts for ≥25% of total metabolism. In vitro studies are most commonly performed with recombinant UGT enzymes and human liver microsomes (HLM) as the enzyme sources. Despite the widespread use of in vitro approaches for the characterisation of drug and chemical glucuronidation by HLM and recombinant enzymes, evidence-based guidelines relating to experimental approaches are lacking. Here we present evidence-based strategies for the characterisation of drug and chemical glucuronidation in vitro, and for UGT reaction phenotyping. We anticipate that the strategies will inform practice, encourage development of standardised experimental procedures where feasible, and guide ongoing research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Jin SE, Shin HK, Ha H. Inhibitory potential of three Yin-tonification herbal formulas on the activities of human major cytochrome P450 and UDP- glucuronosyltransferases isozymes in vitro. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sanchez-Dominguez CN, Gallardo-Blanco HL, Salinas-Santander MA, Ortiz-Lopez R. Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucronosyltrasferase: Its role in pharmacogenomics and human disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3-11. [PMID: 29896223 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which the body converts endogenous compounds, xenobiotics and toxic substances into harmless or easily excreted metabolites. The biotransformation reactions are classified as phase I and II reactions. Uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a superfamily of phase II enzymes which have roles in the conjugation of xenobiotics or endogenous compounds, including drugs and bilirubin, with glucuronic acid to make them easier to excrete. The method the human body uses to achieve glucuronidation may be affected by a large interindividual variation due to changes in the sequences of the genes encoding these enzymes. In the last five years, the study of the genetic variants of the UGTs at a molecular level has become important due to its association with several diseases and the ability to predict adverse events due to drug metabolism. In the present review, the structure and the prominent genetic variants of the UGT1A subfamily and their metabolic and clinical implications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia N Sanchez-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | - Hugo L Gallardo-Blanco
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Medical School and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
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6
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Migita T, Takayama KI, Urano T, Obinata D, Ikeda K, Soga T, Takahashi S, Inoue S. ACSL3 promotes intratumoral steroidogenesis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2011-2021. [PMID: 28771887 PMCID: PMC5623750 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase 3 (ACSL3) is an androgen‐responsive gene involved in the generation of fatty acyl‐CoA esters. ACSL3 is expressed in both androgen‐sensitive and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, its role in prostate cancer remains elusive. We overexpressed ACSL3 in androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells and examined the downstream effectors of ACSL3. Furthermore, we examined the role of ACSL3 in the androgen metabolism of prostate cancer. ACSL3 overexpression led to upregulation of several genes such as aldo‐keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) involved in steroidogenesis, which utilizes adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as substrate, and downregulated androgen‐inactivating enzyme UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 2 (UGT2B). Exposure to DHEAS significantly increased testosterone levels and cell proliferative response in ACSL3‐overexpressing cells when compared to that in control cells. A public database showed that ACSL3 level was higher in CRPC than in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. CRPC cells showed an increased expression of ACSL3 and an expression pattern of AKR1C3 and UGT2B similar to ACSL3‐overexpressing cells. DHEAS stimulation significantly promoted the proliferation of CRPC cells when compared to that of LNCaP cells. These findings suggest that ACSL3 contributes to the growth of CRPC through intratumoral steroidogenesis (i.e. promoting androgen synthesis from DHEAS and preventing the catabolism of active androgens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Migita
- Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takayama
- Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Obinata
- Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Departments of Anti-Aging Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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7
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Liu Y, Coughtrie MWH. Revisiting the Latency of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Influence Their Function? Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E32. [PMID: 28867809 PMCID: PMC5620573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). They catalyze glucuronidation reactions in various aglycone substrates, contributing significantly to the body's chemical defense mechanism. There has been controversy over the last 50 years in the UGT field with respect to the explanation for the phenomenon of latency: full UGT activity revealed by chemical or physical disruption of the microsomal membrane. Because latency can lead to inaccurate measurements of UGT activity in vitro, and subsequent underprediction of drug clearance in vivo, it is important to understand the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Three major hypotheses have been advanced to explain UGT latency: compartmentation, conformation, and adenine nucleotide inhibition. In this review, we discuss the evidence behind each hypothesis in depth, and suggest some additional studies that may reveal more information on this intriguing phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejian Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Michael W H Coughtrie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Hara A, Endo S, Matsunaga T, El-Kabbani O, Miura T, Nishinaka T, Terada T. Human carbonyl reductase 1 participating in intestinal first-pass drug metabolism is inhibited by fatty acids and acyl-CoAs. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:185-192. [PMID: 28450226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily, reduces a variety of carbonyl compounds including endogenous isatin, prostaglandin E2 and 4-oxo-2-nonenal. It is also a major non-cytochrome P450 enzyme in the phase I metabolism of carbonyl-containing drugs, and is highly expressed in the intestine. In this study, we found that long-chain fatty acids and their CoA ester derivatives inhibit CBR1. Among saturated fatty acids, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were inhibitory, and stearic acid was the most potent (IC50 9µM). Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, elaidic, γ-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids) and acyl-CoAs (palmitoyl-, stearoyl- and oleoyl-CoAs) were more potent inhibitors (IC50 1.0-2.5µM), and showed high inhibitory selectivity to CBR1 over its isozyme CBR3 and other SDR superfamily enzymes (DCXR and DHRS4) with CBR activity. The inhibition by these fatty acids and acyl-CoAs was competitive with respect to the substrate, showing the Ki values of 0.49-1.2µM. Site-directed mutagenesis of the substrate-binding residues of CBR1 suggested that the interactions between the fatty acyl chain and the enzyme's Met141 and Trp229 are important for the inhibitory selectivity. We also examined CBR1 inhibition by oleic acid in cellular levels: The fatty acid effectively inhibited CBR1-mediated 4-oxo-2-nonenal metabolism in colon cancer DLD1 cells and increased sensitivity to doxorubicin in the drug-resistant gastric cancer MKN45 cells that highly express CBR1. The results suggest a possible new food-drug interaction through inhibition of CBR1-mediated intestinal first-pass drug metabolism by dietary fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hara
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | | | - Ossama El-Kabbani
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miura
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Toru Nishinaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Terada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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Di Meo F, Fabre G, Berka K, Ossman T, Chantemargue B, Paloncýová M, Marquet P, Otyepka M, Trouillas P. In silico pharmacology: Drug membrane partitioning and crossing. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:471-486. [PMID: 27378566 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become particularly powerful to rationalize drug insertion and partitioning in lipid bilayers. MD simulations efficiently support experimental evidences, with a comprehensive understanding of molecular interactions driving insertion and crossing. Prediction of drug partitioning is discussed with respect to drug families (anesthetics; β-blockers; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; antioxidants; antiviral drugs; antimicrobial peptides). To accurately evaluate passive permeation coefficients turned out to be a complex theoretical challenge; however the recent methodological developments based on biased MD simulations are particularly promising. Particular attention is paid to membrane composition (e.g., presence of cholesterol), which influences drug partitioning and permeation. Recent studies concerning in silico models of membrane proteins involved in drug transport (influx and efflux) are also reported here. These studies have allowed gaining insight in drug efflux by, e.g., ABC transporters at an atomic resolution, explicitly accounting for the mandatory forces induced by the surrounded lipid bilayer. Large-scale conformational changes were thoroughly analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Di Meo
- INSERM UMR 850, Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France
| | - Gabin Fabre
- LCSN, Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky̿ University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tahani Ossman
- INSERM UMR 850, Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France
| | - Benjamin Chantemargue
- INSERM UMR 850, Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France; Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky̿ University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Paloncýová
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky̿ University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Marquet
- INSERM UMR 850, Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky̿ University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM UMR 850, Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025, Limoges, France; Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky̿ University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Efectos de los inductores antiepilépticos en la neuropsicofarmacología: una cuestión ignorada. Parte II: cuestiones farmacológicas y comprensión adicional. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2015; 8:167-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Riches Z, Collier AC. Posttranscriptional regulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:949-65. [PMID: 25797307 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1028355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily of enzymes (EC 2.4.1.17) conjugates glucuronic acid to an aglycone substrate to make them more polar and readily excreted. In general, this reaction terminates the activities of chemicals, drugs and toxins, although occasionally a more active or toxic species is produced. AREAS COVERED In addition to their well-known transcriptional responsiveness, UGTs are also regulated by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here, the authors review these mechanisms, including latency, modulation of co-substrate accessibility and binding, dimerization and oligomerization, protein-protein interactions, allosteric inhibition and activation, posttranslational structural and functional modifications and developmental switching for UGTs. EXPERT OPINION Posttranscriptional regulation of UGTs has traditionally received less attention than nuclear regulation, in part because mechanisms involving ribosomes and endoplasmic reticula are challenging to investigate. Most promising of the posttranscriptional mechanisms reviewed are likely to be effects on co-substrate (UDP-glucuronic acid) transport and availability and structure-function changes to UGT proteins through, for example, glycosylation and phosphorylation. Although classical biochemistry continues to illuminate many aspects of UGT function, advances in proteomics and structural biology are beginning to assist in the determination of posttranscriptional regulation mechanisms for UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Riches
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 , Canada +1 604 827 2380 ;
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12
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Fan XH, Shi WZ, Cheng YX, Yang XF. Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:449-54. [PMID: 24969526 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) on the antioxidant enzymes and drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. METHOD Following treatment of rats with BYHWD at 6.42, 12.83, or 25.66 g·kg(-1) per day for 15 days, microsomes and cytosols isolated from the liver tissues were prepared by differential centrifugation according to standard procedures. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes and cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1, UGT, and GST of the rat livers were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. RESULTS The activities of ALT, AST, antioxidant enzymes, and the Hepatosomatic Index in serum were not significantly affected. In cytosols, the activity of CAT was significantly increased at the dosage of 12.83 g·kg(-1), and all the other antioxidant activities and MDA levels were not affected by this treatment. BYHWD had no effect on cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, and UGT. At the highest dose (25.66 g·kg(-1)), the activity of CYP2E1 was significantly inhibited, and the activities of GST and the level of GSH were increased. CONCLUSION BYHWD is safe for the liver, and has the functions of detoxification and antioxidant. Patients should be cautioned about the herb-drug interaction of BYHWD and CYP2E1 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China; Department of pharmacy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545005, China
| | - Wei-Zhou Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China.
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Truncated UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) from a Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II patient colocalizes with intact UGT in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:158-62. [PMID: 24401909 PMCID: PMC3973126 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) are known to cause Crigler–Najjar syndrome type II (CN-II). We previously encountered a patient with a nonsense mutation (Q331X) on one allele and with no other mutations in the promoter region or other exons, and proposed that CN-II is inherited as a dominant trait due to the formation of a heterologous subunit structure comprised of the altered UGT1A1 gene product (UGT1A1-p.Q331X) and the intact UGT1A1. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of CN-II in this case by expressing UGT1A1-p.Q331X in cells. UGT1A1-p.Q331X overexpressed in Escherichia coli or mammalian cells directly bound or associated with intact UGT1A1 in vitro or in vivo, respectively. Intact UGT1A1 was observed as a dimer using atomic force microscopy. Fluorescent-tagged UGT1A1-p.Q331X and intact UGT1A1 were colocalized in 293T cells, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis showed that UGT1A1-p.Q331X was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) without rapid degradation. These findings support the idea that UGT1A1-p.Q331X and UGT1A1 form a dimer and provide an increased mechanistic understanding of CN-II.
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Ma J, Zheng L, Deng T, Li CL, He YS, Li HJ, Li P. Stilbene glucoside inhibits the glucuronidation of emodin in rats through the down-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A8: application to a drug-drug interaction study in Radix Polygoni Multiflori. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:335-340. [PMID: 23523942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The integrated effects of herbal medicines were the outcome of all of the inherent components. Currently, few studies have focused on the multicomponent interactions in an herbal medicine to elucidate its pharmacological and/or toxicological effects. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the interaction between stilbene glucosides and the anthraquinones contained in Radix Polygoni Multiflori (RPM) and to explore the interaction's mechanism from the perspective of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract of RPM was separated into a stilbene glucoside fraction and a emodin fraction. A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to disclose the influence of stilbene glucoside on the pharmacokinetics of emodin in rats. Drug and Statistics 2.0 was used for the estimation of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Gene expression analysis in liver and intestinal tissues was performed by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS The analytical method appeared to be suitable for the analysis of emodin with desirable linearity, accuracy, precision and stability, and the total analysis time was less than 2 min on a short column. Glucuronide of emodin, which is the major metabolite of emodin, was determined after β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. As the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies had indicated, the AUC, Cmax and T1/2 of emodin were increased after the stilbene glucoside treatment, and the glucuronidation of emodin was significantly inhibited. The mRNA levels from UGT1A8 and UGT1A2 were decreased by stilbene glucoside treatment. In contrast, the expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 mRNA was increased in the liver following treatment. CONCLUSIONS The influence of stilbene glucoside on the pharmacokinetics of emodin may be attributed to the inhibition of UGT1A8 mRNA expression. Thus, it is important to extend this research to deepen our understanding of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of RPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tong jia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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Ryšlavá H, Doubnerová V, Kavan D, Vaněk O. Effect of posttranslational modifications on enzyme function and assembly. J Proteomics 2013; 92:80-109. [PMID: 23603109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The detailed examination of enzyme molecules by mass spectrometry and other techniques continues to identify hundreds of distinct PTMs. Recently, global analyses of enzymes using methods of contemporary proteomics revealed widespread distribution of PTMs on many key enzymes distributed in all cellular compartments. Critically, patterns of multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs within a single enzyme are now functionally evaluated providing a holistic picture of a macromolecule interacting with low molecular mass compounds, some of them being substrates, enzyme regulators, or activated precursors for enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs. Multiple PTMs within a single enzyme molecule and their mutual interplays are critical for the regulation of catalytic activity. Full understanding of this regulation will require detailed structural investigation of enzymes, their structural analogs, and their complexes. Further, proteomics is now integrated with molecular genetics, transcriptomics, and other areas leading to systems biology strategies. These allow the functional interrogation of complex enzymatic networks in their natural environment. In the future, one might envisage the use of robust high throughput analytical techniques that will be able to detect multiple PTMs on a global scale of individual proteomes from a number of carefully selected cells and cellular compartments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Konopnicki CM, Dickmann LJ, Tracy JM, Tukey RH, Wienkers LC, Foti RS. Evaluation of UGT protein interactions in human hepatocytes: effect of siRNA down regulation of UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 on propofol glucuronidation in human hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 535:143-9. [PMID: 23562620 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous experiments performed in recombinant systems have suggested that protein-protein interactions occur between the UGTs and may play a significant role in modulating enzyme activity. However, evidence of UGT protein-protein interactions either in vivo or in more physiologically relevant in vitro systems has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we examined oligomerization and its ability to affect glucuronidation in plated human hepatocytes. siRNA down regulation experiments and activity studies were used to examine changes in metabolite formation of one UGT isoform due to down regulation of a second UGT isoform. Selective siRNA directed towards UGT1A9 or UGT2B7 resulted in significant and selective decreases in their respective mRNA levels. As expected, the metabolism of the UGT1A9 substrate propofol decreased with UGT1A9 down regulation. Interestingly, UGT1A9 activity, but not UGT1A9 mRNA expression, was also diminished when UGT2B7 expression was selectively inhibited, implying potential interactions between the two isoforms. Minor changes to UGT1A4, UGT2B4 and UGT2B7 activity were also observed when UGT1A9 expression was selectively down regulated. To our knowledge, this represents the first piece of evidence that UGT protein-protein interactions occur in human hepatocytes and suggests that expression levels of UGT2B7 may directly impact the glucuronidation activity of selective UGT1A9 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Konopnicki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Tripathi SP, Bhadauriya A, Patil A, Sangamwar AT. Substrate selectivity of human intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs): in silico and in vitro insights. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:231-52. [PMID: 23461702 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.767345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current drug development process aims to produce safe, effective drugs within a reasonable time and at a reasonable cost. Phase II metabolism (glucuronidation) can affect drug action and pharmacokinetics to a considerable extent and so its studies and prediction at initial stages of drug development are very imperative. Extensive glucuronidation is an obstacle to oral bioavailability because the first-pass glucuronidation [or premature clearance by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)] of orally administered agents frequently results in poor oral bioavailability and lack of efficacy. Modeling of new chemical entities/drugs for UGTs and their kinetic data can be useful in understanding the binding patterns to be used in the design of better molecules. This review concentrates on first-pass glucuronidation by intestinal UGTs, including their topology, expression profile, and pharmacogenomics. In addition, recent advances are discussed with respect to substrate selectivity at the binding pocket, structural requirements, and mechanism of enzyme actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
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Wang M, Sun DF, Wang S, Qing Y, Chen S, Wu D, Lin YM, Luo JZ, Li YQ. Polymorphic expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGTlA gene in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57045. [PMID: 23468910 PMCID: PMC3584141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphism of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes is known to play an important role in increased susceptibility of colorectal cancer. UGT1A gene locus has been suggested to define tissue-specific glucuronidation activity. Reduced capacity of glucuronidation is correlated with the development of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we sought to explore polymorphism of UGTlA gene in human colorectal cancer. Methods Cancerous and healthy tissues were obtained from selectedpatients. Blood samples were collected and UGTlA mRNA transcriptions were analyzed. Genomic DNA was prepared and UGTlA8 exon-1 sequences were amplified, visualized and purified. The extracted DNA was subcloned and sequenced. Two-tailed Fisher's exact test, Odds ratios (ORs), confidence interval (CIs) and Logistics Regression Analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results UGTlA mRNA expression was reduced in cancerous tissues compared with healthy tissues from the same patient . The UGTlA mRNA expression of healthy tissue in study patients was lower than control . The mRNA expression of cancerous tissue was down-regulated in UGTlAl, 1A3, 1A4, lA6, 1A9 and up-regulated in UGTlA8 and UGTlAl0 UGT1A5 and UGT1A7 were not expressed in colonic tissue of either group. The allele frequency of WT UGTlA8*1 was higher (p = 0.000), frequency of UGTlA8*3 was lowered in control group (p = 0.000). The expression of homozygous UGTlA8*1 was higher in control group (p = 0.000). Higher frequency of both heterozygous UGTlA8*1/*3 and UGTlA8*2/*3 were found in study group (p = 0.000; p = 0.000). The occurrence of colorectal cancer was mainly related to the presence of polymorphic UGTlA8*3 alleles (p = 0.000). Conclusion Regulation of human UGT1A genes is tissue-specific. Individual variation in polymorphic expressions of UGTlA gene locus was noted in all types of colonic tissue tested, whereas hepatic tissue expression was uniform. The high incidence of UGTlA8 polymorphism exists in colorectal cancer patients. UGTlA8*1 allele is a protective factor and UGTlA8*3 allele is a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gastroenterology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhou X, Xie Y, Qi Q, Cheng X, Liu F, Liao K, Wang G, Hao H. Disturbance of Hepatic and Intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in Rats with Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-induced Colitis. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:305-13. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 in human placenta at term. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2010; 35:79-82. [PMID: 21302032 PMCID: PMC3034912 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-010-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The placenta contains a large variety of metabolizing enzymes, among them UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). Several UGT2B isozymes have so far been detected in human placenta, but little is known on placental expression of UGT1A isozymes. The antiepileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG) is a UGT1A4-substrate, and its serum concentration falls by over 50% during pregnancy, leading to impaired seizure control. The placenta may be involved in this. Microsomes from term placentas of 4 LTG-users and 10 healthy control subjects were prepared. Western blot analysis detected UGT1A proteins in all placentas. The presence of UGT1A4 in placenta from LTG users was confirmed with UGT1A4 commercial standard and a specific UGT1A4 primary antibody. Since LTG is primarily metabolized by UGT1A4 and this isozyme is shown to be present in placenta at term, it may be hypothesized that the placenta is involved in the fall of LTG serum concentrations during pregnancy.
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