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Guo N, Li X, Xie L, Hao S, Zhou X. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application on the reduction of Cu concentration in plant: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34789-3. [PMID: 39392574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Contamination and toxicity of copper (Cu) in soils are global issues, particularly in regions where Cu-based fungicides are utilized. Elevated Cu concentrations can lead to soil contamination and pose significant risks to the ecosystem, including plant life, wildlife, and human health. The application of biochar has been proposed as a viable strategy to mitigate Cu accumulation in plants. However, there is no quantitative and data-based consensus on the impact of biochar on plant Cu accumulation. In this meta-analysis, 624 data records from 65 published literature were collected and the effects of various factors, including biochar properties, experimental conditions, and soil properties on Cu accumulation in plants, were examined through meta-subgroup analysis and meta-regression models. The results obtained indicate a significant dose-dependent effect of biochar in decreasing Cu concentration in plants by an average of 23.45%. Soils with acidic pH values and medium textures were more conducive for biochar to mitigate Cu accumulation in plant tissues. In addition, manure biochar and green waste biochar were found to be more successful in decreasing Cu concentrations in plants compared to other biochar types. Biochar types with pyrolysis temperatures of > 600 °C and pH values of ≥ 10 resulted in greater decreases in plant Cu concentration. Regarding biochar application, biochar minimum range of 1% in potting experiments and 20 t/ha in field experiments have been recommended to effectively decrease Cu concentration in plants. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into Cu transfer mitigation through food chain to human bodies and for policymakers to take preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Linzhi Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shangyan Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinbin Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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da Cruz Ferreira RL, Braga DG, do Nascimento VR, da Silva CB, Alves ACB, da Costa Cabral JA, Cruz FJR, de Araújo Brito AE, Dos Santos Nogueira GA, de Souza LC, Cruz ED, Neto CFO. Biochar improves growth and physiology of Swietenia macrophylla king in contaminated soil by copper. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22546. [PMID: 39343801 PMCID: PMC11439936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of açaí seed waste from the commercial and extractive exploitation of the Euterpe oleraceae palm tree is a serious problem that contributes to environmental contamination and production of greenhouse gases, a fact that suggests the need for an environmentally correct destination for this waste produced on a large scale. To this end, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of acaí seed biochar (BCA) in mitigating the toxic effects of copper in Brazilian mahogany plants, analyzing biometrics and gas exchange. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five blocks, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to the control (without Cu) and three concentration of Cu (200, 400, and 600 mg Cu kg-1) and three levels of BCA (0%, 5% and 10%) proportional to the amount of soil in the pots, totaling sixty experimental units. The use of 5% BCA in soils contaminated with up to 200 mg kg-1 Cu promoted biometric increase (height, diameter, number of leaves), maintaining gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon and internal/external carbon), and consequently, maintaining water use efficiency in plants under abiotic stress, resulting in plant growth. The findings of this study allow us to indicate the use of biochar in remediating and improving the growth of plants grown in copper-contaminated soils. The production of biochar from açaí seeds is an ecologically sustainable alternative, because it reduces its accumulation on public roads and contributes to reducing soil pollution. In the context of public policies, biochar production could be a source of income in the context of the bioeconomy and circular economy practiced in the Amazon, because it is produced in large quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Leone da Cruz Ferreira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amapá, Campus Agrícola Porto Grande. Street BR 210, Km,103, S/N, zona rural, Porto Grande, 68997-000, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Dayse Gonzaga Braga
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, Belém, Belém, 66075-110, PA, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vitor Resende do Nascimento
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa, Guamá, Belém, Belém, 66075-110, PA, Pará, Brazil
| | - Camilly Barbosa da Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, campus Belém, Pará, 2501, 66077-830, Terra Firme, Brazil
| | - Anne Cristina Barbosa Alves
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, campus Belém, Pará, 2501, 66077-830, Terra Firme, Brazil
| | - Joyce Adriany da Costa Cabral
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, campus Belém, Pará, 2501, 66077-830, Terra Firme, Brazil
| | - Flávio José Rodrigues Cruz
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amapá, Campus Laranjal do Jari. Street Nilo Peçanha, Cajari, Laranjal do Jari, 1263, 68920-000, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Ana Ecídia de Araújo Brito
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, campus Belém, Pará, 2501, 66077-830, Terra Firme, Brazil
| | - Glauco Andre Dos Santos Nogueira
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, campus Belém, Pará, 2501, 66077-830, Terra Firme, Brazil.
| | - Luma Castro de Souza
- Center for agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, campus Chapadinha, Street BR 222, Km 04, Boa Vista, Chapadinha, 65500-000, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Eniel David Cruz
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Tv. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n - Marco, Belém, Belém, 66095-903, PA, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cândido Ferreira Oliveira Neto
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, campus Belém, Pará, 2501, 66077-830, Terra Firme, Brazil
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Wang J, Chen M, Han Y, Sun C, Zhang Y, Zang S, Qi L. Fast and efficient As(III) removal from water by bifunctional nZVI@NBC. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:160. [PMID: 38592564 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
As a notable toxic substance, metalloid arsenic (As) widely exists in water body and drinking As-contaminated water for an extended period of time can result in serious health concerns. Here, the performance of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) modified N-doped biochar (NBC) composites (nZVI@NBC) activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) for As(III) removal was investigated. The removal efficiencies of As(III) with initial concentration ranging from 50 to 1000 μg/L were above 99% (the residual total arsenic below 10 μg/L, satisfying the contaminant limit for arsenic in drinking water) within 10 min by nZVI@NBC (0.2 g/L)/PDS (100 μM). As(III) removal efficiency influenced by reaction time, PDS dosage, initial concentration, pH, co-existing ions, and natural organic matter in nZVI@NBC/PDS system were investigated. The nZVI@NBC composite is magnetic and could be conveniently collected from aqueous solutions. In practical applications, nZVI@NBC/PDS has more than 99% As(III) removal efficiency in various water bodies (such as deionized water, piped water, river water, and lake water) under optimized operation parameters. Radical quenching and EPR analysis revealed that SO4·- and ·OH play important roles in nZVI@NBC/PDS system, and the possible reaction mechanism was further proposed. These results suggest that nZVI@NBC activated peroxydisulfate may be an efficient and fast approach for the removal of water contaminated with As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwan Wang
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Han
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Congting Sun
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Zang
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Qi
- Shenyang Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
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Wei L, Cai D, Li F, Liu Y, Zeng L, Luo D, Huang X, Xiao T, Shi H, Yan H. Thallium release from biochar-amended soil to runoff in laboratory experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121973. [PMID: 37295708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely used for trace metal(loid) (TM) immobilisation in contaminated soils. However, studies on the physicochemical mobility of TMs related to biochar application are highly limited, hampering the evaluation of the immobilisation efficiency of biochar. Therefore, after confirming the ability of biochar to decrease soil Tl bioavailability, this study examined the release of Tl in dissolved and particulate forms in surface runoff and leachate from soil mixed with biochar at different dosages and grain sizes under artificially simulated rainfall and irrigation experiments. The rainfall experimental results showed that the dissolved Tl in the surface runoff decreased from 1.30 μg in the control group to 0.75 μg and 0.54 μg in the groups with 3% and 5% biochar application, respectively. With the same dosages (5%), the finer the biochar applied, the higher the immobilisation ability achieved in surface runoff and the lower the Tl amounts in the leachate, indicating that the grain size of biochar can impact Tl mobility in dissolved forms. Comparisons between rainfall and irrigation experiments indicated that raindrops disturb the soil-water surface and enhance Tl diffusion. The mass in particulate form accounted for more than 95% of lateral released Tl in surface runoff. However, biochar application did not decrease the enrichment ratio of Tl in the eroded sediments. Notably, the finest biochar group produced less mass of eroded Tl owing to the low flux of soil erosion, indicating that grain size would indirectly impact sediment-bound Tl lateral mobility. Colloidal particles should be highlighted as they carried a maximum TI of up to 38% in the rainfall leachate. Focusing on the effect of biochar application on Tl chemical- and physical mobility from the soil matrix to runoff, this study contributes the comprehensive understanding of the role of biochar in TM remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezhang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Linköping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dafeng Cai
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fangqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Linköping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Linwei Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dinggui Luo
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xuexia Huang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiqi Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Sachdeva S, Kumar R, Sahoo PK, Nadda AK. Recent advances in biochar amendments for immobilization of heavy metals in an agricultural ecosystem: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120937. [PMID: 36608723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, extensive and inefficient use of contemporary technologies has resulted in substantial environmental pollution, predominantly caused by potentially hazardous elements (PTEs), like heavy metals that severely harm living species. To combat the presence of heavy metals (HMs) in the agrarian system, biochar becomes an attractive approach for stabilizing and limiting availability of HMs in soils due to its high surface area, porosity, pH, aromatic structure as well as several functional groups, which mostly rely on the feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Additionally, agricultural waste-derived biochar is an effective management option to ensure carbon neutrality and circular economy while also addressing social and environmental concerns. Given these diverse parameters, the present systematic evaluation seeks to (i) ascertain the effectiveness of heavy metal immobilization by agro waste-derived biochar; (ii) examine the presence of biochar on soil physico-chemical, and thermal properties, along with microbial diversity; (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduction in heavy metal concentration; and (iv) possibility of biochar implications to advance circular economy approach. The collection of more than 200 papers catalogues the immobilization efficiency of biochar in agricultural soil and its impacts on soil from multi-angle perspectives. The data gathered suggests that pristine biochar effectively reduced cationic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni) and Cr mobilization and uptake by plants, whereas modified biochar effectively reduced As in soil and plant systems. However, the exact mechanism underlying is a complex biochar-soil interaction. In addition to successfully immobilizing heavy metals in the soil, the application of biochar improved soil fertility and increased agricultural productivity. However, the lack of knowledge on unfavorable impacts on the agricultural systems, along with discrepancies between the use of biochar and experimental conditions, impeded a thorough understanding on a deeper level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sachdeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10 Sector 62, Noida, 201309, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, 803116, Bihar, India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, V.P.O. Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India; Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV), Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, 66055-090, PA, Brazil.
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
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Bilias F, Nikoli T, Kalderis D, Gasparatos D. Towards a Soil Remediation Strategy Using Biochar: Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Bioavailability of Potentially Toxic Elements. TOXICS 2021; 9:184. [PMID: 34437502 PMCID: PMC8402515 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is considered one of the most severe environmental threats, while among remediation strategies, research on the application of soil amendments has received important consideration. This review highlights the effects of biochar application on soil properties and the bioavailability of potentially toxic elements describing research areas of intense current and emerging activity. Using a visual scientometric analysis, our study shows that between 2019 and 2020, research sub-fields like earthworm activities and responses, greenhouse gass emissions, and low molecular weight organic acids have gained most of the attention when biochar was investigated for soil remediation purposes. Moreover, biomasses like rice straw, sewage sludge, and sawdust were found to be the most commonly used feedstocks for biochar production. The effect of biochar on soil chemistry and different mechanisms responsible for PTEs' immobilization with biochar, are also briefly reported. Special attention is also given to specific PTEs most commonly found at contaminated soils, including Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As, and therefore are more extensively revised in this paper. This review also addresses some of the issues in developing innovative methodologies for engineered biochars, introduced alongside some suggestions which intend to form a more focused soil remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Bilias
- Soil Science Laboratory, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Thomai Nikoli
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Diagnostics, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, 73100 Chania, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece;
| | - Dionisios Gasparatos
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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7
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Thomas SC. Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis. BIOCHAR 2021; 3:437-455. [PMID: 34723131 PMCID: PMC8547209 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-021-00115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A number of processes for post-production treatment of "raw" biochars, including leaching, aeration, grinding or sieving to reduce particle size, and chemical or steam activation, have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. Here, I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs. "raw" biochars. Data from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed vs. unprocessed biochars, and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size; additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar leachates. Overall, post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14% above those observed with unprocessed biochar. This overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size, and heating/aeration treatments. The assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm. Biochar leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit. I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed biochar. Further research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-021-00115-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Thomas
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B3 Canada
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Freitas AM, Nair VD, Harris WG. Biochar as Influenced by Feedstock Variability: Implications and Opportunities for Phosphorus Management. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.510982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gonzaga MIS, Matias MIDAS, Andrade KR, Jesus AND, Cunha GDC, Andrade RSD, Santos JCDJ. Aged biochar changed copper availability and distribution among soil fractions and influenced corn seed germination in a copper-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124828. [PMID: 31568944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been recommended as a multi-beneficial amendment for the in situ remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils due to its high recalcitrance, stability, specific surface area and retention capacity, which leads to a long-lasting influence on the immobilization of soil contaminants. The influence of biochar on the availability of heavy metals such as copper is not fully understood and may be related to a change in copper association with soils fractions. Therefore, a long-time laboratory incubation study was set up as a completely randomized design to test the effect of biochar from different sources (coconut husks-CHB, orange bagasse-OBB and sewage sludge-SSB) at two rates of application (30 and 60 t ha-1) on the distribution of copper in a copper-contaminated soil after 24 months incubation. Copper distribution was evaluated through a sequential extraction procedure that fractionated copper into five fractions: F1 (soluble and exchangeable), F2 (specifically bound), F3 (organic matter bound), F4 (Fe and Mn oxide bound) and F5 (residual). Copper availability, soil pH and organic matter were also evaluated. Corn seeds were germinated in the incubated biochar soil to investigate the effect of biochar on seed germination and plantlets characteristics. All biochars increased soil pH and the concentration of oxidizable organic matter, and reduced copper availability after the 24 months incubation. CHB caused a discrete influence on copper distribution among soil fractions. OBB30 increased F1 (54.5%), F3 (24.0%), F4 (32.2%) and F5 (64.1%), and reduced F2 (39.8%); OBB60 reduced F1 (61.8%), F2 (16.5%) and F3 (16.0%) and increased F4 (18.0%) and F5 (84.4%). SSB30 strongly reduced Cu concentration in F1 (96.2%), F2 (34.0%), and F3 (22.2%), and increased F4 (54.4%); SSB60 reduced F1 (57.5%) and F3 (59.4%). Considering the high stability of biochar, the association of copper to the organic fraction leads to a long-time reduction in copper availability in the contaminated soil, which can reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of the remediation process. SSB reduced seed germination but produced vigorous and well-developed plantlets. Therefore, with proper production procedure to reduce the volatile matter content, SSB may not interfere with seed germination and has the greatest potential to be used for the remediation of copper-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kairon Rocha Andrade
- Agronomy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
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Zhao L, Nan H, Kan Y, Xu X, Qiu H, Cao X. Infiltration behavior of heavy metals in runoff through soil amended with biochar as bulking agent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113114. [PMID: 31491698 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar as a porous carbon material could be used for improving soil physical and chemical properties, while insufficient attention has been paid to potential risks induced by infiltration of heavy metals in the runoff water flowing through biochar-amended soil. Four different soil-biochar matrices with same volumes were constructed including soil alone (M1), biochar alone (M2), soil-biochar layering (M3) and soil-biochar mixing (M4). Leaching experiments were conducted with Pb, Cu, and Zn contaminated runoff water. Results showed that biochar amendment greatly improved the water permeation, and the infiltration rates in M2, M3, and M4 were 2.85-23.0 mm min-1, being much higher than those in M1 (1.33-4.05 mm min-1), though the rates decreased as the leaching volumes increased. However, biochar induced more Pb, Cu, and Zn infiltrated through soil-biochar matrix. After 350-L leaching, M1 retained about 95% Pb, 90% Cu, and 36% Zn, while M2 only retained 4.80% Pb, 17.4% Cu, and 4.01% Zn; about 30% Pb, 80% Cu, and 15% Zn were retained in M3 and M4. Notably, Zn was trapped first and then re-leached into the filtrate, which resulted in a much higher effluent Zn than the influent Zn at the later stage. However, the unit weight of biochar showed a higher capacity for retaining heavy metals compared to per unit of soil. Under the dynamic water flow, all benefits and disadvantages induced by biochar were weakened with its physical disintegration. Biochar as soil amendment can enhance plant growth via ameliorating soil structure, while it would pose risks to environment because of large penetration of heavy metals. If biochar was compacted to form a denser physical structure, perhaps more heavy metals could be retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongyan Nan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Kan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security of Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China.
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12
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Lahori AH, Zhang Z, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Guo Z, Li R, Mahar A, Wang Z, Ren C, Mi S, Liu T, Jing R. Mono-and co-applications of Ca-bentonite with zeolite, Ca-hydroxide, and tobacco biochar affect phytoavailability and uptake of copper and lead in a gold mine-polluted soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:401-411. [PMID: 31029745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the efficacy of Ca-bentonite (CB) alone and combined with Ca-hydroxide (CH), tobacco biochar (TB), and zeolite (ZL) aiming to immobilize Cu and Pb and decrease their bioavailability and uptake by pak choi followed by maize in a mining contaminated soil. The CB alone was able to decrease the availability and uptake of Cu and Pb by pak choi and maize. The mono- and multi-combination of CH, TB, and ZL with CB showed contradictory impact on the availability and uptake of Cu and Pb as compared to the mono-application of CB. The combination of CB with ZL and CH + ZL reduced the uptake of Pb by pak choi and maize, while the combination of CB with TB and ZL reduced the uptake of Cu by pak choi and maize as compared to the mono-application of CB. The co-application of CB with CH increased the phytoextraction of Cu by maize and Pb by pak choi shoots as compared to the mono-application of CB. We conclude that modified clays such as CB alone or combined with ZL, TB, and/or CH might be suitable candidates for phytomanagement of Cu and Pb contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hussain Lahori
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zhanyu Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
| | - Amanullah Mahar
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science Institute of Environmental Engineering, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chunyan Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
| | - Shenshen Mi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
| | - Ren Jing
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
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Bakshi S, Banik C, Rathke SJ, Laird DA. Arsenic sorption on zero-valent iron-biochar complexes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 137:153-163. [PMID: 29554531 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is toxic to human and is often found in drinking water in India and Bangladesh, due to the natural abundance of arsenides ores. Different removal procedures such as precipitation, sorption, ion exchange and membrane separation have been employed for removal of As from contaminated drinking water (CDW), however, there is a critical need for low-cost economically viable biochar modification methods which can enhance As sorption. Here we studied the effectiveness of zero-valent iron (ZVI)-biochar complexes produced by high temperature pyrolysis of biomass and magnetite for removing As5+ from CDW. Batch equilibration and column leaching studies show that ZVI-biochar complexes are effective for removing As5+ from CDW for the studied pH range (pH ∼7-7.5) and in the presence of competing ions. XPS As 3d analysis of ZVI-biochar complexes exposed to As5+ in the batch and column studies show primarily As3+, indicating simultaneous oxidation of Fe° to Fe3+ and reduction of As5+ to As3+. SEM-EDS and XRD analyses show isomorphous substitution of As3+ for Fe3+ in neo-formed α/γ-FeOOH on biochar surfaces, which is attribute to co-precipitation. This study also demonstrates the efficacy of pyrolyzing biomass with low-cost iron ores at 900 °C to rapidly produce ZVI-biochar complexes, which have potential to be used for treatment of As CDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Bakshi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Chumki Banik
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Samuel J Rathke
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David A Laird
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Banik C, Lawrinenko M, Bakshi S, Laird DA. Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature and Feedstock on Surface Charge and Functional Group Chemistry of Biochars. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:452-461. [PMID: 29864182 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.11.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of biochars to adsorb ionic contaminants is strongly influenced by biochar surface chemistry. We studied the effects of biomass feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, reaction media pH, and AlCl pre-pyrolysis feedstock treatments on biochar anion exchange capacity (AEC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), point of zero net charge (PZNC), and point of zero salt effect (PZSE). We used the relationship between PZNC and PZSE to probe biochar surfaces for the presence of unstable (hydrolyzable) surface charge functional groups. The results indicate that biochars produced at ≤500°C have high CECs and low AEC, PZSE, and PZNC values due to the dominance of negative surface charge arising from carboxylate and phenolate functional groups. Biochars produced at ≥700°C have low CEC and high AEC, PZSE, and PZNC values, consistent with a dominance of positive surface charge arising from nonhydrolyzable bridging oxonium (oxygen heterocycles) groups. However, biochars produced at moderate temperatures (500-700°C) have high PZSE and low PZNC values, indicating the presence of nonbridging oxonium groups, which are rapidly degraded under alkaline conditions by OH attack on the oxonium α-C. Biochars treated with AlCl have high AEC, PZSE, and PZNC values due to variably charged aluminol groups on biochar surfaces. The results provide support for the presence of both hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable oxonium groups on biochar surfaces. They also demonstrate that biochars produced at high pyrolysis temperatures (>700°C) or those receiving pre-pyrolysis treatments with AlCl are optimized for anionic contaminant adsorption, whereas biochars produced at low pyrolysis temperatures (400°C) are optimized for cationic contaminant adsorption.
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15
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Bakshi S, Banik C, Laird DA. Quantification and characterization of chemically-and thermally-labile and recalcitrant biochar fractions. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:247-255. [PMID: 29207356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The C:N ratios of biochar labile fractions is important for assessing biochar stability and N cycling in soil. Here we compare chemically and thermally labile fractions for nine biochars produced from five biomass feedstocks using four production techniques. Biochar fractionation methods included proximate analysis, hot water extraction, acid and base extractions (0.05 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 6 M of either H2SO4 or NaOH), and oxidation with 15% H2O2 and 0.33 M KMnO4 (pH 7.2). Results show chemical addition reactions cause underestimation of mass of the labile fraction for chemical extraction and oxidation procedures but not the thermal procedure. Estimates of C and N in labile and recalcitrant fractions were not adversely affected by addition reactions, because solvents were independent of C or N. Results indicate that herbaceous biochars may be a source of N fertility while hardwood biochars may immobilize N during the first few years after biochar application to soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Bakshi
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Chumki Banik
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David A Laird
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Zhao Y, Zhao L, Mei Y, Li F, Cao X. Release of nutrients and heavy metals from biochar-amended soil under environmentally relevant conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2517-2527. [PMID: 29127636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a potential amendment for improving soil fertility due to its richness of nutrients, P, K, Ca, and Mg. However, soil amended with metal-rich biochars may pose a risk of heavy metal release to the environment. Biochars derived from pig manure and sewage sludge (PM-biochar and SS-biochar) were investigated for their nutrient and heavy metal release in two soils (acidic and alkaline soil) under simulated landfill and acid rain conditions. Results showed that under both environmental conditions, adding PM-biochar into the soil increased K, P, and Mg release significantly by about 40-50 times, while only 2-4 times increase of the nutrients was observed in the SS-biochar-amended soil. The Ca release was higher in the SS-biochar-amended soil than in the PM-biochar-amended soil. Higher P, Ca, and Mg nutrient release was observed in alkaline soil than in acidic soil under the two environmental conditions though K release was not significant in both soils. A kinetic study in solution illustrated that the release of nutrients from biochar was initially via desorption and diffusion under environmental conditions and then through slow dissolution of insoluble species. More release of nutrients and heavy metals was observed in the biochar-amended soil under the landfill condition than under the acid rain condition. Although this release was limited under the acid rain condition, leaching of Fe and Mn exceeded the limitations of the groundwater standard value of China. Overall, biochar could be utilized as a prospective soil fertilizer by supplying nutrients such as P, K, Ca, and Mg, while the release of Fe and Mn should be paid more attention due to the risk of these metals impacting groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yanyan Mei
- Anhui Feitian Agricultural Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Bengbu, 233400, China
| | - Feiyue Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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17
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Oustriere N, Marchand L, Rosette G, Friesl-Hanl W, Mench M. Wood-derived-biochar combined with compost or iron grit for in situ stabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in a contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7468-7481. [PMID: 28111720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ stabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in an Austrian agricultural soil contaminated by atmospheric depositions from a smelter plant was assessed with a pine bark chip-derived biochar, alone and in combination with either compost or iron grit. Biochar amendment was also trialed in an uncontaminated soil to detect any detrimental effect. The pot experiment consisted in ten soil treatments (% w/w): untreated contaminated soil (Unt); Unt soil amended with biochar alone (1%: B1; 2.5%: B2.5) and in combination: B1 and B2.5 + 5% compost (B1C and B2.5C), B1 and B2.5 + 1% iron grit (B1Z and B2.5Z); uncontaminated soil (Ctrl); Ctrl soil amended with 1 or 2.5% biochar (CtrlB1, CtrlB2.5). After a 3-month reaction period, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled in potted soils and dwarf beans were grown for a 2-week period. The SPW Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased in all amended-contaminated soils. The biochar effects increased with its addition rate and its combination with either compost or iron grit. Shoot Cd and Zn removals by beans were reduced and shoot Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased to common values in all amended soils except the B1 soil. Decreases in the SPW Cd/Pb/Zn concentrations did not improve the root and shoot yields of plants as compared to the Ctrl soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Oustriere
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France.
| | - Lilian Marchand
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Rosette
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michel Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
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Oustriere N, Marchand L, Lottier N, Motelica M, Mench M. Long-term Cu stabilization and biomass yields of Giant reed and poplar after adding a biochar, alone or with iron grit, into a contaminated soil from a wood preservation site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:620-627. [PMID: 27887831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year pot experiment was carried out to examine the aging effect of biochar (B), alone or combined with iron grit (Z), on Cu stabilization and plant growth in a contaminated soil (964mg Cu kg-1) from a wood preservation site. The experiment consisted in 3 soil treatments, either planted with Arundo donax L. (Ad) or Populus nigra L. (Pn): (1) untreated Cu-contaminated soil (Ad, Pn); (2) Unt+1% (w/w) B (AdB, PnB), and (3) Unt+1% B+1% Z (AdBZ, PnBZ). After 22months, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled and roots and shoots were harvested. The SPW compositions at 3 and 22months were compared, showing that the SPW Cu2+ concentration increased again in the PnB and PnBZ soils. Cultivation of A. donax enhanced the dissolved organic matter concentration in the SPW, which decreased its Cu2+ concentration but promoted its total Cu concentration in the Ad and AdB soils. Adding Z with B reduced both SPW Cu2+ and Cu concentrations in the pots cultivated by A. donax and P. nigra as compared to B alone. The B and BZ treatments did not enhance root and shoot yields of both plant species as compared to the Unt soil but their shoot Cu concentrations were in the range of common values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Lottier
- ISTO UMR 7327-CNRS, University of Orléans, Campus Géosciences, 1A, rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Mikael Motelica
- ISTO UMR 7327-CNRS, University of Orléans, Campus Géosciences, 1A, rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Michel Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France.
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Oustriere N, Marchand L, Galland W, Gabbon L, Lottier N, Motelica M, Mench M. Influence of biochars, compost and iron grit, alone and in combination, on copper solubility and phytotoxicity in a Cu-contaminated soil from a wood preservation site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:816-825. [PMID: 27259036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two biochars, a green waste compost and iron grit were used, alone and in combination, as amendment to improve soil properties and in situ stabilize Cu in a contaminated soil (964mgCukg(-1)) from a wood preservation site. The pot experiment consisted in 9 soil treatments (% w/w): untreated Cu-contaminated soil (Unt); Unt soil amended respectively with compost (5%, C), iron grit (1%, Z), pine bark-derived biochar (1%, PB), poultry-manure-derived biochar (1%, AB), PB or AB+C (5%, PBC and ABC), and PB or AB+Z (1%, PBZ and ABZ). After a 3-month reaction period, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled in potted soils and dwarf beans were grown for a 2-week period. In the SPW, all amendments decreased the Cu(2+) concentration, but total Cu concentration increased in all AB-amended soils due to high dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration. No treatment improved root and shoot DW yields, which even decreased in the ABC and ABZ treatments. The PBZ treatment decreased total Cu concentration in the SPW while reducing the gap with common values for root and shoot yields of dwarf bean plants. A field trial is underway before any recommendation for the PB-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Oustriere
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Lilian Marchand
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - William Galland
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Lunel Gabbon
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Nathalie Lottier
- ISTO UMR 7327-CNRS, University of Orléans, campus géosciences, 1A, rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Mikael Motelica
- ISTO UMR 7327-CNRS, University of Orléans, campus géosciences, 1A, rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Michel Mench
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
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Bakshi S, Aller DM, Laird DA, Chintala R. Comparison of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Laboratory and Field-Aged Biochars. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1627-1634. [PMID: 27695754 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.02.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The long-term impact of biochar on soil properties and agronomic outcomes is influenced by changes in the physical and chemical properties of biochars that occur with time (aging) in soil environments. Fresh biochars, however, are often used in studies because aged biochars are generally unavailable. Therefore, a need exists to develop a method for rapid aging of biochars in the laboratory. The objectives of this study were to compare the physicochemical properties of fresh, laboratory-aged (LA), and field-aged (FA) (≥3 yr) biochars and to assess the appropriateness of a laboratory aging procedure that combines acidification, oxidation, and incubations as a mimic to field aging in neutral or acidic soil environments. Twenty-two biochars produced by fast and slow pyrolysis, and gasification techniques from five different biomass feedstocks (hardwood, corn stover, soybean stover, macadamia nut shells, and switchgrass) were studied. In general, both laboratory and field aging caused similar increases in ash-free volatile matter (% w/w), cation and anion exchange capacities, specific surface area, and modifications in oxygen-containing surface functional groups of the biochars. However, ash content increased for FA (18-195%) and decreased for LA (22-74%) biochars, and pH decreased to a greater extent for LA (2.8-6.7 units) than for FA (1.6-3.8 units) biochars. The results demonstrate that the proposed laboratory aging procedure is effective for predicting the direction of changes in biochar properties on field aging. However, in the future we recommend using a less aggressive acid treatment.
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Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM, Frohne T. Amendment of biochar reduces the release of toxic elements under dynamic redox conditions in a contaminated floodplain soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 142:41-7. [PMID: 25900116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) can be used to remediate soils contaminated with potential toxic elements (PTEs). However, the efficiency of BC to immobilize PTEs in highly contaminated floodplain soils under dynamic redox conditions has not been studied up to date. Thus, we have (i) quantified the impact of pre-definite redox conditions on the release dynamics of dissolved aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in a highly contaminated soil (CS) (non-treated) and in the same soil treated with 10 g kg(-1) biochar based material (CS+BC), and (ii) assessed the efficacy of the material to reduce the concentrations of PTEs in soil solution under dynamic redox conditions using an automated biogeochemical microcosm apparatus. The impact of redox potential (EH), pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and sulfate (SO4(2-)) on dynamics of PTEs was also determined. The EH was lowered to +68 mV and afterwards increased stepwise to +535 mV. Significant negative correlation between EH and pH in CS and CS+BC was detected. The systematic increase of EH along with decrease of pH favors the mobilization of PTEs in CS and CS+BC. The material addition seems to have little effect on redox processes because pattern of EH/pH and release dynamics of PTEs was basically similar in CS and CS+BC. However, concentrations of dissolved PTEs were considerably lower in CS+BC than in CS which demonstrates that BC is able to decrease concentrations of dissolved PTEs even under dynamic redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Department D, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, Department D, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Tina Frohne
- University of Wuppertal, Department D, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
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