1
|
Hassan S, Nabi S, Zahoor N, Khan S, Makayee AA, Wahab A. Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among school-going children in district Baramulla, Kashmir: A cross sectional study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3642-3645. [PMID: 37991297 PMCID: PMC10788752 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_982_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Uncorrected refractive error is one of the most important causes of visual impairment worldwide. Addressing childhood vision impairment (VI) is one of the main goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) to combat blindness strategies. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among children aged 10 to 16 years in Baramulla district, Kashmir. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 680 school children during an eye camp under the school health program of the national program for control of blindness. The screening was conducted in four schools in Baramulla district, Kashmir. The schools were selected using the non-probability convenient sampling technique. RESULTS A total of 680 school children from classes sixth to tenth aged 10-16 years participated in the study. Out of 680 students, 545 (80%) had normal vision, 97 (14%) had impaired visual acuity ranging between 6/9 and 6/24, and 38 (6%) had severe VI ranging from 6/36 to 6/60. Among the various types of refractive errors, myopia was the most prevalent affecting 54 children. Age distribution of refractive errors showed myopia to be more prevalent in the age group 13-14 years (16, 14 cases), hypermetropia was more prevalent in the age group 14-15 years (10, 8 cases), and astigmatism 5 cases in the age group 14-15 years. CONCLUSION The study provides useful and baseline data about the refractive error amongst the school children of the Baramulla district. A larger study needs to be conducted in all schools of the state to get a clear picture of RE and other eye-related problems to detect vision problems earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabreena Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sahila Nabi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazia Zahoor
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul A Makayee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Signes-Soler I, Roselló Sivera S, Cantó-Vañó J, Giménez-Sanchís I, Albarrán-Diego C. Visual Performance of Two Designs of Myopia Management Soft Contact Lenses Compared with a Monofocal One in Young Adults. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2023; 18:359-368. [PMID: 38250233 PMCID: PMC10794806 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v18i4.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the visual performance of two distinct types of soft contact lenses (CL) aimed at slowing down myopia progression with the performance of a monofocal soft CL. Methods In a prospective double-masked, crossover trial, 18 myopic adults (aged 18-30 years old) were fitted in a randomized order with three types of disposable CL: MiSightTM (dual-focus), MyloTM (extended depth of focus -EDOF-), and ClaritiTM (single distance vision). Measurements were taken after wearing the CL for five days with five days off in between at two different optometry centers. High contrast distance visual acuity (VA) with spectacles and for each of the different CL, subjective refraction, slit lamp exam, aberrometry, stereopsis, monocular and binocular amplitude of accommodation and accommodative facility, and horizontal phorias were measured. Results The high contrast distance VAwas better for the single vision CL compared to the myopia control CL. No significant differences were observed between the r two myopia control CL. The overall root mean square (RMS) was higher for the double focus CL (RMS = 1.18 ± 0.29 µm), followed by the EDOF CL (RMS = 0.76 ± 0.35 µm) and then the single vision CL (RMS = 0.50 ± 0.19 µm). The primary spherical aberration (SA) mean value was low for all of the three CL, without statistical differences among them. No other significant differences were detected. Conclusion The overall RMS resulted in a higher value for the dual-focus than the EDOF CL, but no differences in high contrast distance VA and binocularity were detected between them. The monofocal CL's performance was better than the myopia control CL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Signes-Soler
- Universidat de València, Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Optica Signes, Calpe (Alicante)
| | | | | | | | - César Albarrán-Diego
- Universidat de València, Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Clínica Dr Gonzalo Muñoz, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santiago HC, Rullán M, Ortiz K, Rivera A, Nieves M, Piña J, Torres Z, Mercado Y. Prevalence of refractive errors in children of Puerto Rico. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:434-441. [PMID: 36935800 PMCID: PMC10009595 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of refractive error in 5- to 17-year-old schoolchildren in Puerto Rico. METHODS A quantitative descriptive study of 2867 children aged 5 to 17y from all seven educational regions of Puerto Rico was conducted from 2016-2019. Refractive error was determined via static and subjective refraction. Children with distance acuity ≤20/40 or near visual acuity ≤20/32 had a cycloplegic refraction. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and t test calculations. RESULTS Twenty percent of the children had a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 D, 3.2% had a spherical equivalent ≥ +2.00 D, and 10.4% had astigmatism ≥1 D. There was a statistically (but non-clinically) significant myopic change in spherical equivalent refractive error with age (P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age (P<0.001) but not hyperopia (P=0.59) or astigmatism (P=0.51). Males had a significantly higher hyperopic spherical equivalent than females (P<0.001). Females had a higher prevalence of myopia (P<0.001) than males, but there was no difference in the hyperopia (P=0.74) or astigmatism prevalence (P=0.87). CONCLUSION The prevalence of a spherical equivalent equal to or less than -0.50 D (myopia, 20.7%) is one of the highest among similar-aged children worldwide. Further studies should explore the rate of myopia progression in children in Puerto Rico. Individual children must be monitored to examine the need for treatment of myopia progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor C Santiago
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Mayra Rullán
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Katerin Ortiz
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Andrés Rivera
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Mónica Nieves
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - José Piña
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Zulmaris Torres
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Yvette Mercado
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Social Media Impact of Myopia Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127270. [PMID: 35742519 PMCID: PMC9223093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Myopia has become a public health issue worldwide. The fast increase in myopia prevalence in the last years has been accompanied by an increase in information through social and conventional media. This has led to the fight not only against a pandemic but also against the infodemic. The excess of information has made it increasingly difficult for health professionals to identify high-quality articles. Alternative Metrics are useful tools to identify publications that provoke attention to society. This research aims to study the impact that research on myopia has had on social media. Methods: Almetric Explorer was used to make a search using “myopia” as a keyword. The 100 outputs with the highest attention were analyzed and correlated with the number of cites on Web of Science using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: The top 100 Altmetric Attention Score were published in 47 journals and had a mean value of Altmetric Attention Score of 437.61 ± 718.33. The outputs were mostly discussed on Twitter, with a mean of 296.36 ± 1585.58 tweets and retweets, and a mean of 185.18 ± 211.57 readers in Mendeley. There was a low correlation between Altmetric Attention Score and Web of Science Cites for the top-100 outputs. Conclusions: although myopia is a research topic with a high interest in society, most cited articles are not those with the most impact on social media. Myopia researchers should make more effort in promoting their goals, and social media is a useful tool to share them.
Collapse
|
5
|
Visual performance with multifocal lenses in young adults and presbyopes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263659. [PMID: 35298476 PMCID: PMC8929584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of visual performance with Multifocal Contact Lenses (MCLs) is essential, both in young eyes, where MCLs may be prescribed to control the progression of myopia wherein the MCLs optics interact with accommodation, and in presbyopes, where MCLs are increasingly used to compensate the lack of accommodation. In this study, we evaluated the through focus visual acuity (TFVA) with center-near MCLs of three additions (low, medium and high) and without an addition (NoLens) in 10 young adults and 5 presbyopes. We studied the effect of accommodation, age and pupil diameter (in cyclopleged subjects) on visual performance. The MCLs produced a small but consistent degradation at far (by 0.925 logMAR, averaged across eyes and conditions) and a consistent benefit at near in young subjects with paralyzed accommodation (by 1.025 logMAR), and in presbyopes with both paralyzed and natural accommodation (by 1.071 logMAR, on average). TFVA in young adults with NoLens and all MCLs showed statistically significant differences (Wilcoxan, p<0.01) between natural and paralyzed accommodation, but not in presbyopes with MCLs. In young adults, VA improved with increasing pupil diameter with the HighAdd MCL (0.08 logMAR shift from 3 to 5-mm pupil size). Visual imbalance (standard deviation of VA across distances) was reduced with MCLs, and decreased significantly with increasing near add. The lowest imbalance occurred in young adults under natural accommodation and was further reduced by 13.33% with MCLs with respect to the NoLens condition. Overall, the visual performance with MCLs in young adults exceeds that in presbyopes at all distances, and was better than 0.00 logMAR over the dioptric range tested. In conclusion, the center-near lenses do not degrade the near high contrast visual acuity significantly but maintains the far vision in young adults, and produce some visual benefit at near in presbyopes.
Collapse
|
6
|
van Vught L, Shamonin DP, Luyten GPM, Stoel BC, Beenakker JWM. MRI-based 3D retinal shape determination. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000855. [PMID: 34901465 PMCID: PMC8611437 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish a good method to determine the retinal shape from MRI using three-dimensional (3D) ellipsoids as well as evaluate its reproducibility. Methods and analysis The left eyes of 31 volunteers were imaged using high-resolution ocular MRI. The 3D MR-images were segmented and ellipsoids were fitted to the resulting contours. The dependency of the resulting ellipsoid parameters on the evaluated fraction of the retinal contour was assessed by fitting ellipsoids to 41 different fractions. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the complete procedure was evaluated in four subjects. Finally, a comparison with conventional two-dimensional (2D) methods was made. Results The mean distance between the fitted ellipsoids and the segmented retinal contour was 0.03±0.01 mm (mean±SD) for the central retina and 0.13±0.03 mm for the peripheral retina. For the central retina, the resulting ellipsoid radii were 12.9±0.9, 13.7±1.5 and 12.2±1.2 mm along the horizontal, vertical and central axes. For the peripheral retina, these radii decreased to 11.9±0.6, 11.6±0.4 and 10.4±0.7 mm, which was accompanied by a mean 1.8 mm posterior shift of the ellipsoid centre. The reproducibility of the ellipsoid fitting was 0.3±1.2 mm for the central retina and 0.0±0.1 mm for the peripheral retina. When 2D methods were used to fit the peripheral retina, the fitted radii differed a mean 0.1±0.1 mm from the 3D method. Conclusion An accurate and reproducible determination of the 3D retinal shape based on MRI is provided together with 2D alternatives, enabling wider use of this method in the field of ophthalmology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc van Vught
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, CJ Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Denis P Shamonin
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing (LKEB), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Berend C Stoel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing (LKEB), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem M Beenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, CJ Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Myopia-correcting lenses decrease eye fatigue in a visual search task for both adolescents and adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258441. [PMID: 34644337 PMCID: PMC8513897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady, world-wide increase in myopia prevalence in children over the past decades has raised concerns. As an early intervention for axial-length-related myopia, correcting lenses have been developed (such as Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment (DIMS) lenses), which have been shown to be effective in slowing myopia progression. Beyond this direct effect, however, it is not known whether such lenses also affect other aspects important to the wearer, such as eye fatigue, and how such effects may differ across age, as these lenses so far are typically only tested with adolescents. In the present work, we therefore investigated perceived fatigue levels according to lens type (normal vs DIMS) and age (adolescents vs adults) in a demanding visual search task ("Finding Wally") at two difficulty levels (easy vs difficult). Whereas age and difficulty did not result in significant differences in eye fatigue, we found a clear reduction of fatigue levels in both age groups when wearing the correcting lenses. Hence, the additional accommodation of these lens types may result in less strain in a task requiring sustained eye movements at near viewing distances.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen TH, Miao AZ, Wang YL, Zhang M, Chen JH, Zheng JL, Deng M, Ji YH, Jiang YX. Evaluation of axial length/total corneal refractive power ratio as a potential marker for ocular diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome in children. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1218-1224. [PMID: 34414087 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.08.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the axial length (AL)/total corneal refractive power (TCRP) ratio is a sensitive and simple factor that can be used for the early diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome (MFS) in children. METHODS The relationship between the AL/TCRP ratio and the diagnosis of MFS for 192 eyes in 97 children were evaluate. The biological characteristics, including age, sex, AL, and TCRP, were collected from medical records. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate whether the AL/TCRP ratio effectively distinguishes MFS from other subjects. The Youden index was used to re-divide the whole population into two groups according to an AL/TCRP ratio of 0.59. RESULTS Of 96 subjects (mean age 7.46±3.28y) evaluated, 56 (110 eyes) had a definite diagnosis of MFS in childhood based on the revised Ghent criteria, 41 (82 eyes) with diagnosis of congenital ectopia lentis (EL) were included as a control group. AL was negatively correlated with TCRP, with a linear regression coefficient of -0.36 (R 2=0.08). A significant correlation was found between age and the AL/TCRP ratio (P=0.023). ROC curve analysis showed that the AL/TCRP ratio distinguished MFS from the other patients at a threshold of 0.59. MFS patients were present in 24/58 (41.38%) patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of ≤0.59 and in 34/39 (87.18%) patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of >0.59. CONCLUSION An AL/TCRP ratio of >0.59 is significantly associated with the risk of MFS. The AL/TCRP ratio should be measured as a promising marker for the prognosis of children MFS. Changes in the AL/TCRP ratio should be monitored over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ai-Zhu Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia-Lei Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Michael Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying-Hong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), and Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pandemic of Childhood Myopia. Could New Indoor LED Lighting Be Part of the Solution? ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14133827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a growing myopia pandemic is an unquestionable fact for health authorities around the world. Different possible causes have been put forward over the years, such as a possible genetic origin, the current excess of children’s close-up work compared to previous stages in history, insufficient natural light, or a multifactorial cause. Scientists are looking for different possible solutions to alleviate it, such as a reduction of time or a greater distance for children’s work, the use of drugs, optometric correction methods, surgical procedures, and spending more time outdoors. There is a growing number of articles suggesting insufficient natural light as a possible cause of the increasing levels of childhood myopia around the globe. Technological progress in the world of lighting is making it possible to have more monochromatic LED emission peaks, and because of this, it is possible to create spectral distributions of visible light that increasingly resemble natural light in the visible range. The possibility of creating indoor luminaires that emit throughout the visible spectrum from purple to infrared can now be a reality that could offer a new avenue of research to fight this pandemic.
Collapse
|
10
|
Vincent SJ, Cho P, Chan KY, Fadel D, Ghorbani-Mojarrad N, González-Méijome JM, Johnson L, Kang P, Michaud L, Simard P, Jones L. CLEAR - Orthokeratology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:240-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
11
|
Gabriel MM, McAnally C, Chen H, Srinivasan S, Manoj V, Garofalo R. Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfecting Solution for Gas Permeable Contact Lenses: A Review of the Antimicrobial Efficacy, Compatibility, and Safety Performance of a One-Step Lens Care System. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2021; 13:7-14. [PMID: 33469402 PMCID: PMC7813461 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s280046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CLEAR CARE PLUS (CCP), also known as AOSEPT PLUS with HydraGlyde, is approved for use with gas permeable (GP) lenses, and the indication is supported by the scientific evidence that is reviewed in this article. Antimicrobial efficacy testing of CCP both as a stand-alone disinfectant and as part of a regimen shows that CCP exceeds the ISO 14729 criteria against bacteria, yeast, and mold. In real-world conditions, it is effective against clinically relevant bacterial strains isolated from adverse events and against the two forms, trophozoites and cysts, of resilient Acanthamoeba species. Compatibility tests of CCP with two types of GP lenses indicate that the physical and/or optical parameters of lenses are unaffected through 30 cycles of simulated use with CCP, and a clinical trial shows substantial equivalence of clinical performance with a commonly used GP multipurpose solution. These results indicate that CCP is well suited for cleaning and disinfection of GP contact lenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Gabriel
- Research and Development, Alcon Research, LLC, Johns Creek, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia McAnally
- Research and Development, Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Huagang Chen
- Research and Development, Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Renee Garofalo
- Research and Development, Alcon Research, LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yazdani N, Sadeghi R, Ehsaei A, Taghipour A, Hasanzadeh S, Zarifmahmoudi L, Heravian Shandiz J. Under-correction or full correction of myopia? A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2021; 14:11-19. [PMID: 32507615 PMCID: PMC7752985 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of full-correction versus under-correction on myopia progression. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane library. Methodological quality assessment of the literature was evaluated according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. Statistical analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2, Biostat Inc., USA). RESULTS The present meta-analysis included six studies (two randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and four non-RCTs) with 695 subjects (full-correction group, n=371; under-correction group, n=324) aged 6 to 33 years. Using cycloplegic refraction, the pooled difference in mean of myopia progression was - 0.179 D [lower and higher limits: -0.383, 0.025], which was higher but not in full correction group as compared to under correction group (p=0.085). Regarding studies using non-cycloplegic subjective refraction according to maximum plus for maximum visual acuity, the pooled difference in myopia progression was 0.128 D [lower and higher limits: -0.057, 0.312] higher in under-correction group compared with full-correction group (p=0.175). Although, difference in myopia progression did not reach significant level in either cycloplegic or non-cycloplegic refraction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, myopic eyes which are fully corrected with non-cycloplegic refraction with maximum plus sphere, are less prone to myopia progression, in comparison to those which were under corrected. However, regarding cycloplegic refraction, further studies are needed to better understand these trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negareh Yazdani
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Sadeghi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asieh Ehsaei
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Hasanzadeh
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leili Zarifmahmoudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Heravian Shandiz
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alvarez-Peregrina C, Sánchez-Tena MÁ, Martinez-Perez C, Villa-Collar C. The Relationship Between Screen and Outdoor Time With Rates of Myopia in Spanish Children. Front Public Health 2020; 8:560378. [PMID: 33178659 PMCID: PMC7592393 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.560378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, digital devices have become usual in children's lives around the world. Five percent of the children between 5 and 7 years old have their own smartphone and forty-two percent of them have their own tablet. This fact has produced a change in their lifestyle that can imply some risks, threats and/or opportunities. The light emitted by digital devices' screens could involve, among others, possible risks to children's vision. Methods: This study shows a detailed analysis of the vision of 7,497 children between 5 and 7 years old carried out in the "Annual school campaign for children's visual health" in Spain during the years 2016, 2017, and 2019. The study connects the results in the visual screening with children's lifestyle, taking into account both, the number of hours per day that they use all digital devices and the daily time of outdoor exposure. Results: The study shows that children with myopia have more screen time use and shorter outdoor activity time when compared to those without myopia (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Myopia in children is a public health problem and requires healthy lifestyle interventions at individual as well as at community level.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhandari KR, Ostrin LA. Validation of the Clouclip and utility in measuring viewing distance in adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:801-814. [PMID: 33002229 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the Clouclip, a continuously measuring objective rangefinder, and examine viewing behaviours during various near tasks in non-myopic and myopic adults. METHODS In experiment 1, five Clouclip devices were utilised. An infrared camera was used to visualise and measure infrared beam size and angle. Repeatability for distance tracking was assessed from 5 to 120 cm in 5 cm increments. Accuracy of distance tracking was investigated for paper and iPad targets, spatial integration was calculated, effects of target tilt were determined and light measurements were compared to a lux meter. In experiment 2, viewing behaviour was assessed in 41 subjects (21 non-myopic, 20 myopic) during four 15-min near tasks; (1) passive reading of printed material, (2) active writing on printed material, (3) passive viewing on an electronic device and (4) active engagement on an electronic device. Working distance was compared between tasks and refractive error groups. RESULTS Clouclip distance tracking showed good repeatability, with a mean difference of 0.34 cm and limits of agreement of ±2.0 cm. Clouclip-measured and actual distances were highly correlated for paper and electronic targets from 5 to 120 cm, with mean differences and limits of agreement of 3.96 ± 13.78 cm and 4.48 ± 8.92 cm, respectively; variability increased for distances >100 cm. Tracking ability increased with larger target sizes; tracking was accurate when the target occupied 1.5%-20.3% of tracking beam area, depending on distance and with target tilt up to ±60 degrees. Clouclip- and lux meter-measured ambient illumination were highly correlated for a wide range of intensities (r = 0.96, p < 0.001), but with greater variability for intensities >20 000 lux. The Clouclip infrared beam was measured to have a diameter of 25.6 ± 2.2° and a downward angle of 10.3 ± 0.5°. For subject testing, viewing distance was significantly closer for active and passive printed tasks (29.5 ± 6.7 cm and 33.2 ± 8.8 cm, respectively) than for active and passive electronic tasks (35.4 ± 8.0 cm and 40.8 ± 10.4 cm, respectively), with no differences between refractive error groups (p = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS The Clouclip performed well in measuring near and intermediate distances and could distinguish between indoor (<1000 lux) and outdoor (>1000 lux) illumination. A closer working distance was observed for printed tasks compared to those on an iPad, with no difference in viewing distance between non-myopic and myopic adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsai WS, Wang JH, Chiu CJ. A comparative study of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine for the treatment of anisomyopia in children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14176. [PMID: 32843658 PMCID: PMC7447800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopic anisometropia (anisomyopia) is a specific type of refractive error that may cause fusion impairment, asthenopia, and aniseikonia. It is sometimes severe enough to reduce the quality of life. Several studies have investigated the treatment effects of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and topical atropine on anisomyopia control. However, no study has compared these two interventions simultaneously until now. The cohort of this retrospective study included 124 children with anisomyopia who were treated with binocular Ortho-K lenses, 0.01% atropine, or 0.05% atropine. After a 2-year follow-up, the inter-eye difference in axial length (AL) significantly decreased in the Ortho-K group (P = 0.015) and remained stable in the two atropine groups. When comparing the myopia control effect, the use of Ortho-K lenses resulted in an obviously smaller change in AL than the use of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine (P < 0.01). Ortho-K treatment may reduce the degree of anisomyopia and stabilise the progression of myopia. Hence, Ortho-K might be a better choice for anisomyopic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97002, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jen Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97002, Taiwan. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pucker AD, Tichenor AA. A Review of Contact Lens Dropout. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2020; 12:85-94. [PMID: 32612404 PMCID: PMC7323801 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s198637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contact lens (CL) dropout is likely a major factor contributing to the near stagnant growth in the CL market. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge related to the frequency of CL dropout and the factors associated with it. METHODS PubMed.gov was searched on or before March 22, 2020, with the terms "contact lens" with "dropout" or "cessation" or "disruption" or "discomfort". Pertinent articles were collected. The references from these articles were likewise searched to identify additional relevant articles. Only manuscripts written in English were included. No study design or date exclusions were imposed on this review. RESULTS This literature review found that CL dropout was frequent across developed countries, with a CL dropout frequency that ranged between 12.0% and 27.4% (pooled mean = 21.7%). The top cited reason for CL dropout in established CL wearers was discomfort, while vision was the top reason in neophyte CL wearers. If given the chance, CL dropouts are often able to successfully resume CL wear up to 74% of the time. While the literature is mixed with regard to factors promoting CL dropout, meibomian gland dysfunction appears to promote CL dropout. CONCLUSION CL dropout is a frequently encountered condition that may be curtailed by early detection, patient education, alterative CL options, or early treatment of underlying ocular surface diseases such as meibomian gland dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Pucker
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna A Tichenor
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lam CSY, Tang WC, Tse DYY, Lee RPK, Chun RKM, Hasegawa K, Qi H, Hatanaka T, To CH. Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:363-368. [PMID: 31142465 PMCID: PMC7041503 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if 'Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments' (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow childhood myopia progression. METHODS A 2-year double-masked randomised controlled trial was carried out in 183 Chinese children aged 8-13 years, with myopia between -1.00 and -5.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. Children were randomly assigned to wear DIMS (n=93) or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (n=90). DIMS lens incorporated multiple segments with myopic defocus of +3.50 D. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6month intervals. RESULTS 160 children completed the study, n=79 in the DIMS group and n=81 in the SV group. Average (SE) myopic progressions over 2 years were -0.41±0.06 D in the DIMS group and -0.85±0.08 D in the SV group. Mean (SE) axial elongation was 0.21±0.02 mm and 0.55±0.02 mm in the DIMS and SV groups, respectively. Myopia progressed 52% more slowly for children in the DIMS group compared with those in the SV group (mean difference -0.44±0.09 D, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.37, p<0.0001). Likewise, children in the DIMS group had less axial elongation by 62% than those in the SV group (mean difference 0.34±0.04 mm, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.37, p<0.0001). 21.5% children who wore DIMS lenses had no myopia progression over 2 years, but only 7.4% for those who wore SV lenses. CONCLUSIONS Daily wear of the DIMS lens significantly retarded myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic children. Our results demonstrated simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can slow myopia progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02206217.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Siu Yin Lam
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Chun Tang
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Roger Pak Kin Lee
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel Ka Man Chun
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | - Hua Qi
- Hoya Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chi Ho To
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Changes in axial length after orthokeratology lens treatment for myopia: a meta-analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:255-265. [PMID: 31916062 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orthokeratology (OK) lens is a popular optical method to control myopia progression. This study aimed to assess the effect of OK lens on axial length change compared with glasses. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched to retrieve the related articles. Then, the articles were selected according to predefined criteria. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were selected as effect size for combining and analyzing the change in axial length. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were included in the present study. Different models were selected according to the heterogeneity of each analysis. The axial length change in OKs group was significantly smaller than control group; SMD (95% CI) of change in axial length was - 0.857 (- 1.146, - 0.568), p < 0.001 at the end of 1 year and - 0.701 (- 1.675, 0.272), p < 0.001 at the end of 2 years or longer time. CONCLUSIONS OK lens treatment appears more effective in slowing axial elongation than glasses during the early treatment of myopia in children.
Collapse
|
19
|
2-D Peripheral image quality metrics with different types of multifocal contact lenses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18487. [PMID: 31811185 PMCID: PMC6898319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of multifocal contact lens wear on the image quality metrics across the visual field in the context of eye growth and myopia control. Two-dimensional cross-correlation coefficients were estimated by comparing a reference image against the computed retinal images for every location. Retinal images were simulated based on the measured optical aberrations of the naked eye and a set of multifocal contact lenses (centre-near and centre-distance designs), and images were spatially filtered to match the resolution limit at each eccentricity. Value maps showing the reduction in the quality of the image through each optical condition were obtained by subtracting the optical image quality from the theoretical physiological limits. Results indicate that multifocal contact lenses degrade the image quality independently from their optical design, though this result depends on the type of analysis conducted. Analysis of the image quality across the visual field should not be oversimplified to a single number but split into regional and groups because it provides more insightful information and can avoid misinterpretation of the results. The decay of the image quality caused by the multifocal contacts alone, cannot explain the translation of peripheral defocus towards protection on myopia progression, and a different explanation needs to be found.
Collapse
|
20
|
Estimation of ocular axial length from conventional optometric measures. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 43:18-20. [PMID: 31786071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Tropitzsch A, Müller M, Paquet-Durand F, Mayer F, Kopp HG, Schrattenholz A, Müller A, Löwenheim H. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP1) Deficiency and Pharmacological Inhibition by Pirenzepine Protects From Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity Without Affecting Antitumor Efficacy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:406. [PMID: 31551715 PMCID: PMC6746891 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin remains an indispensable drug for the systemic treatment of many solid tumors. However, a major dose-limiting side-effect is ototoxicity. In some scenarios, such as treatment of germ cell tumors or adjuvant therapy of non-small cell lung cancer, cisplatin cannot be replaced without undue loss of efficacy. Inhibition of polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1), is presently being evaluated as a novel anti-neoplastic principle. Of note, cisplatin-induced PARP1 activation has been related to inner ear cell death. Thus, PARP1 inhibition may exert a protective effect on the inner ear without compromising the antitumor activity of cisplatin. Here, we evaluated PARP1 deficiency and PARP1 pharmacological inhibition as a means to protect the auditory hair cells from cisplatin-mediated ototoxicity. We demonstrate that cisplatin-induced loss of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti is attenuated in PARP1-deficient cochleae. The PARP inhibitor pirenzepine and its metabolite LS-75 mimicked the protective effect observed in PARP1-deficient cochleae. Moreover, the cytotoxic potential of cisplatin was unchanged by PARP inhibition in two different cancer cell lines. Taken together, the results from our study suggest that the negative side-effects of cisplatin anti-cancer treatment could be alleviated by a PARP inhibition adjunctive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Tropitzsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Cell Death Mechanisms Lab, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Müller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Löwenheim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao Y, Feng K, Liu RB, Pan JH, Zhang LL, Xu ZP, Lu XJ. Atropine 0.01% eye drops slow myopia progression: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1337-1343. [PMID: 31456926 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.08.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of atropine 0.01% on slowing myopia progression. METHODS We searched for relevant studies in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wan Fang Data in Chinese. A supplementary search was conducted in OpenGrey (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe), the ISRCTN registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from the dates of inception to June 30, 2018. RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1079 subjects were included (505 in the atropine 0.01% group and 574 in the control group). The results showed that the atropine 0.01% group exhibited significantly greater control of axial growth than the control group [MD=-0.12, 95%CI (-0.19, -0.06)]. There was also a statistically significant difference between the atropine 0.01% and control groups in the changes in axial length [MD=-0.14, 95%CI (-0.25, -0.03)], but the quality of evidence was low. There were no significant differences between the atropine 0.01% and control groups in the overall effect with respect to diopter value, change in diopter, distance vision and intraocular pressure [MD=0.08, 95%CI (-0.27, 0.42); MD=0.09, 95%CI (-0.17, 0.36); MD= -0.01, 95%CI (-0.02, 0.00); MD=0.08, 95%CI (-0.56,0.40)]. The sensitivity analysis showed that the conclusion of the Meta-analysis is relatively stable. With respect to adverse events, there were significant differences between the atropine 0.01% and control groups [OR=0.26, 95%CI (0.11, 0.61)]. CONCLUSION Based on the available evidence, atropine 0.01% eye drops offer benefits in controlling axial growth and safety without causing significant differences in diopter values, distance vision and intraocular pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui-Bao Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Hua Pan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lai-Lin Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhu-Ping Xu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Jing Lu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Spain. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:3419576. [PMID: 31531234 PMCID: PMC6721398 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3419576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyse the prevalence of myopia among a sample of more than 6000 children in Spain as well as to determine the impact of risk factors in its progression. Methodology A total of 6,152 children aged from 5 to 7 were examined. The participants underwent an eye examination that included visual acuity, refraction without cycloplegia, and tests of accommodative and binocular function. In addition, a questionnaire regarding their lifestyle, family history, and geographical data was carried out. Finally, data were analysed using the SPSS version 25 program. Results The prevalence of myopia in the sample of children studied has increased from 17% in 2016 to 20% in 2017. Likewise, the number of children with high myopia has also increased, from 1.7% in 2016 to 3.6% in 2017. 43.3% of the participants spent more than 3 hours a day doing near activities, and 48.9% of this group spent more than 50% of this time using electronic devices. In addition, only 9.7% spent more than 2.5 hours outdoors each day. Conclusion Myopia prevalence appears to be increasing in Spain. Lifestyle factors appear to be increasing the risk of myopia.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yuksel N, Yaman D. Lotrafilcon B with HydraGlyde moisture matrix or Samfilcon A: Contralateral comparison study for comfort. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2019; 9:100-103. [PMID: 31198668 PMCID: PMC6557075 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_29_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare two new silicone hydrogel contact lens (CL) models of lotrafilcon B with HydraGlyde moisture matrix (Air Optix plus HydraGlyde®) and samfilcon A (Bausch and Lomb Ultra®) using the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) test. METHODS: This prospective study included 30 patients between the ages of 19 and 35 years. Lotrafilcon B with HydraGlyde moisture matrix (Air Optix plus HydraGlyde®) and samfilcon A (Bausch and Lomb Ultra®) CLs were fitted on the right and the left eye of the patients, respectively. All of the patients have not used any CLs before. After 4 weeks, the CLs were compared by asking the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) test. RESULTS: The mean scores of CLDEQ-8, frequency and intense of discomfort, dryness, blurry vision, frequency of needing to blink eye, and removal of the CL were assessed. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The main reasons for CL discontinuation are dryness and discomfort. These two new CLs used new advanced technology have a good compliance among the first-time CL users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Yuksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Yaman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
WU W, XIE Y, LIU X, GU Y, ZHANG Y, TU X, TAN X. Analysis of Scientific Collaboration Networks among Authors, Institutions, and Countries Studying Adolescent Myopia Prevention and Control: A Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:621-631. [PMID: 31110972 PMCID: PMC6500532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies related to the prevention and control of myopia in adolescents have increased rapidly, but only a few have measured the levels of scientific collaboration among authors, institutions and countries in this field. Thus, in this study, we aimed to reveal the status and levels of scientific collaboration in this field. METHODS The research population included all published papers in the field of adolescent myopia prevention and control indexed in the Web of Science databases from 1997-2016. The co-authorship networks were drawn using SATI (Statistical Analysis Toolkit for Informetrics), Ucinet and VOS viewer (Visualisation of Similarities viewer). Active authors and some measures of co-author network, including degree centrality, closeness, betweenness, density and diameter, were also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 610 records were obtained, and a number of publications developed through an increase in different collaboration types, with cooperation among authors and institutions as the most apparent ones. The top ten active authors and institutions were identified. The density of cooperative networks of the top 70 authors and the first 69 institutions were 0.043 and 0.011, respectively, with corresponding diameters of five and six, respectively. Seven distinct clusters formed the cooperation network among 38 countries. The top three clusters were centered in China, the United States and Australia, also identified as the most productive countries. CONCLUSION The flow of information is slow and the collaboration among authors and institutions in the network are not close enough. Thus, multiple collaboration types should be encouraged in this field, especially among countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen WU
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China,School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yaofei XIE
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang LIU
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yaohua GU
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuting ZHANG
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinlong TU
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaodong TAN
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China,Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El-Nimri NW, Zhang H, Wildsoet CF. The effect of part-time wear of 2-zone concentric bifocal spectacle lenses on refractive error development & eye growth in young chicks. Exp Eye Res 2018; 180:184-191. [PMID: 30582914 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize in young chicks the myopia control effects of part-time wear of two-zone concentric bifocal lenses. Nine-day-old chicks (n = 115) were first made myopic with monocular -10 Diopter (D) single vision (SV) lenses worn for 3 days. Over the 6 days following myopia induction, either 1) two-zone bifocal lenses (-10 D center/-5 D periphery, BFDC) were worn for 12 (full-time), 10, 8, or 6 h, with -10 D SV lenses worn for the remainder of the day, or 2) BFDC or BFNC (-5 D center/-10 D periphery) lenses were worn every other day (EOD). Control birds wore -10 D SV lenses every day. Refractive error (RE) and axial ocular dimensions were monitored every three days with retinoscopy and high frequency A-scan ultrasonography respectively. Mean interocular RE and axial length differences after 3 days of myopia induction (±SEM) were -9.6 ± 0.19 D and 0.26 ± 0.01 mm across the groups. At the end of the following 6-day treatment period, equivalent values were: -10.66 ± 0.28 D, 0.42 ± 0.02 mm (SV-control); 1) -4.61 ± 0.29 D, 0.26 ± 0.02 mm (BFDC, 12 h); -4.82 ± 0.23 D, 0.28 ± 0.02 mm (BFDC, 10 h); -5.21 ± 0.27 D, 0.24 ± 0.02 mm (BFDC, 8 h); -6.34 ± 0.34 D, 0.25 ± 0.03 mm (BFDC, 6 h); 2) -8.29 ± 0.29 D, 0.32 ± 0.03 mm (BFDC, EOD), and -8.83 ± 0.36 D, 0.33 ± 0.03 mm (BFNC, EOD). Overall, full-time BFDC and part-time BFDC and BFNC lens groups exhibited similar changes and were less myopic than the SV group. The results suggest that bifocal lenses may have myopia control effects even when worn part-time, interleaved with standard (SV) myopic corrections, especially if worn for at least 6 h per day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin W El-Nimri
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Tianjin Eye Hospital, 4 Gansu Rd, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Christine F Wildsoet
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Theophanous C, Modjtahedi BS, Batech M, Marlin DS, Luong TQ, Fong DS. Myopia prevalence and risk factors in children. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1581-1587. [PMID: 30214142 PMCID: PMC6120514 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s164641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for pediatric myopia in a contemporary American cohort. Methods A cross-sectional study of pediatric patients enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health plan was done. Eligible patients were 5- to 19-years old between January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2013, and received an ophthalmologic or optometric refraction. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic data, refraction results, and exercise data. Prevalence and relative risks of myopia (defined as ≤-1.0 diopter) were characterized. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, median neighborhood income, and minutes of exercise per day were examined as risk factors. Results There were 60,789 patients who met the inclusion criteria, of which 41.9% had myopia. Myopia was more common in older children (14.8% in 5- to 7-year olds, 59.0% in 17- to 19-year olds). Asian/Pacific Islander patients (OR 1.64, CI 1.58-1.70) had an increased rate of myopia compared to White patients as did African Americans to a lesser extent (OR 1.08, CI 1.03-1.13). Median neighborhood household income of $25,000-40,000 was associated with lower rates of myopia (OR 0.90, CI 0.83-0.97) compared to median neighborhood household incomes less than $25,000. Having at least 60 min of daily exercise was associated with lower prevalence of myopia (OR 0.87, CI 0.85-0.89). Discussion Myopia was common in this large and diverse Southern Californian pediatric cohort. The prevalence of myopia increases with age. Asian children are at highest risk for myopia. Exercise is associated with a lower rate of myopia and represents an important potentially modifiable risk factor that may be a target for future public health efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Theophanous
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bobeck S Modjtahedi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Baldwin Park, CA, USA, .,Eye Monitoring Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA,
| | - Michael Batech
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David S Marlin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Q Luong
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Donald S Fong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Baldwin Park, CA, USA, .,Eye Monitoring Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA, .,Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zloto O, Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Farzavandi SK, Gomez-de-Liaño R, Sprunger DT, Mezer E. Current trends among pediatric ophthalmologists to decrease myopia progression-an international perspective. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:2457-2466. [PMID: 30074069 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-4078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore what the current worldwide preferred practice patterns of pediatric ophthalmologists are to decrease myopia progression among their patients. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to all members of supranational and national pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus societies. RESULTS The questionnaire was fully completed by most respondents 90.10% (847 of 940 responses). Fifty-seven percent (457) routinely treat to decrease myopia progression. The most common parameter to initiate treatment was a myopic increase of 1 diopter/year or more (74.8%, 246). Seventy percent (345) prescribed eye drops. Atropine 0.01% was the most popular (63.4%, 277) followed by atropine 1% (10.9%, 48) and atropine 0.5% (8.9%, 39). Eighty-six percent (394) of the respondents advised to spend more time outdoors, to reduce the amount of time viewing screens (60.2%, 277), and cutback the use of smart phones (63.9%, 294). CONCLUSIONS Most pediatric ophthalmologists treat to decrease myopia. They employ a wide variety of means to decrease myopia progression. Atropine 0.01% is the most popular and safe modality used similarly to recent reports. However, there is no consensus when treatment should be initiated. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the best timing to start treatment and the applicability of recent studies in the Asian population to other ethnic groups. This will improve the ability to update pediatric ophthalmologist with evidenced-based treatment options to counter the myopia epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofira Zloto
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamara Wygnanski-Jaffe
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sonal K Farzavandi
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Derek T Sprunger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pediatric and Strabismus Section, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eedy Mezer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care campus, POB 9907, 3109901, Haifa, Israel. .,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, I.I.T, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Decreased incidence of glaucoma in children with asthma using inhaled corticosteroid: a cohort study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105463-105471. [PMID: 29285264 PMCID: PMC5739651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the anti-inflammatory medications used for treating asthma, corticosteroids are the most effective. The effects of orally administered corticosteroids on intraocular pressure and lens opacity have been well defined, but the influence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on children has yet to be clearly explained. Therefore, we used a nationwide cohort database to investigate glaucoma in childhood asthma patients using ICS. We analyzed a dataset of 1,000,000 randomly sampled individuals from Taiwan's 2000 National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort included 5,380 patients who were first diagnosed with asthma (ICD9: 493.X) diagnosis when they were six years old or younger. All subjects were followed through December 2011. We applied Cox's proportional hazard model to determine whether ICS use has a correlation with glaucoma. Of the 5,380 patients enrolled in this study, we identified 1,232 patients who had used ICS and 4,148 patients who had no history of ICS administration throughout the follow-up period. The prevalence of glaucoma was significantly lower in patients using ICS, with a 0.52-fold decreased risk of developing glaucoma in comparison to the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28∼0.96]. Among the evaluated comorbidities, cataract was positively associated with glaucoma in asthma children (adjusted HR 8.22; 95% CI = 2.59∼26.12). This study provides not only the first but also strong evidence that the glaucoma incidence in the ICS group is lower than that in the non-ICS group in children with asthma. Further consultation with an ophthalmologist regarding the high-risk group of asthma children with cataracts is necessary.
Collapse
|
30
|
Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology on Corneal Surface Shape and Optical Quality. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:3279821. [PMID: 29098084 PMCID: PMC5642882 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3279821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the changes of corneal surface shape and optical quality during orthokeratology. Methods 49 eyes of 26 patients (10.63 ± 2.02 years old) who underwent overnight orthokeratology for myopia were prospectively examined. The corneal surface shape parameters, including surface regularity index (SRI) and surface asymmetry index (SAI), were attained with an OPD-III SCAN. The higher-order aberrations and higher-order Strehl ratios were calculated under a 3 mm pupil diameter before orthokeratology, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after orthokeratology. A P value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant. Results Months after orthokeratology, SRI and SAI were both showing a significant increase in comparison with those before orthokeratology (P < 0.001). After orthokeratology, for a 3 mm pupil, the higher-order Strehl ratio presented a reduction of 0.217 μm (P < 0.001), and the higher-order aberration root mean square (HOA RMS) showed a mean increase of 0.100 μm (P < 0.001). There were significant increases in spherical aberration (P < 0.001) and coma (P = 0.044) after orthokeratology. Trefoil showed a slight reduction at month 6 after orthokeratology, but there was no statistical significance (P = 0.722). Conclusion Overnight orthokeratology for a correction of myopia resulted in a significant improvement in refractive error but increased corneal irregularity and ocular higher-order aberrations, especially in spherical aberration.
Collapse
|
31
|
Prousali E, Mataftsi A, Ziakas N, Fontalis A, Brazitikos P, Haidich AB. Interventions to control myopia progression in children: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2017; 6:188. [PMID: 28893307 PMCID: PMC5594593 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is a common visual disorder with increasing prevalence among developed countries of the world. Myopia constitutes a substantial risk factor for several ocular conditions that can lead to blindness. The purpose of this study is to conduct an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in order to identify and appraise robust research evidence regarding the management of myopia progression in children and adolescents. METHODS A literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Database via Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD). We will search for systematic reviews or meta-analyses that examine optical or pharmaceutical modalities for myopia control. Two independent overview authors will screen the titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria. Individual study's methodological quality and quality of evidence for each outcome of interest will be assessed by two independent authors using the ROBIS tool and GRADE rating, respectively. In cases of disagreement, consensus will be reached with the help of a third author. Our primary outcomes will be the mean change in refractive error, mean axial length change, and adverse events. A citation matrix will be generated, and the corrected covered area (CCA) will be estimated, in order to identify overlapping primary studies. Possible meta-biases and measures of heterogeneity will be described, and cases of dual co-authorship will be identified and discussed. If any recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are detected, these will be appraised and their findings will be presented. An overall summary of outcomes will be provided using descriptive statistics and will be supplemented by narrative synthesis. DISCUSSION This overview will examine the high level of existing evidence for treatment of myopia progression. Efficient interventions will be identified, and side effects will be reported. The expected benefit is that all robust recent research evidence will be compiled in a single study. The results may inform future research in this area, which should provide insight into the appropriate regimes for the administration of these modalities and contribute to future guideline development. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017068204.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asimina Mataftsi
- IInd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- Ist Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54621, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Periklis Brazitikos
- IInd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mameesh M, Ganesh A, Al Zuhaibi S. Facing the epidemic of myopia: Exploring the possibilities. Oman J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:61-62. [PMID: 28757687 PMCID: PMC5516464 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_95_2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mameesh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Anuradha Ganesh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sana Al Zuhaibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arumugam B, Hung LF, To CH, Sankaridurg P, Smith EL. The Effects of the Relative Strength of Simultaneous Competing Defocus Signals on Emmetropization in Infant Rhesus Monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:3949-60. [PMID: 27479812 PMCID: PMC4978150 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated how the relative surface area devoted to the more positive-powered component in dual-focus lenses influences emmetropization in rhesus monkeys. Methods From 3 to 21 weeks of age, macaques were reared with binocular dual-focus spectacles. The treatment lenses had central 2-mm zones of zero-power and concentric annular zones that had alternating powers of either +3.0 diopters (D) and 0 D (+3 D/pL) or −3.0 D and 0 D (−3 D/pL). The relative widths of the powered and plano zones varied from 50:50 to 18:82 between treatment groups. Refractive status, corneal curvature, and axial dimensions were assessed biweekly throughout the lens-rearing period. Comparison data were obtained from monkeys reared with binocular full-field single-vision lenses (FF+3D, n = 6; FF−3D, n = 10) and from 35 normal controls. Results The median refractive errors for all of the +3 D/pL lens groups were similar to that for the FF+3D group (+4.63 D versus +4.31 D to +5.25 D; P = 0.18–0.96), but significantly more hyperopic than that for controls (+2.44 D; P = 0.0002–0.003). In the −3 D/pL monkeys, refractive development was dominated by the zero-powered portions of the treatment lenses; the −3 D/pL animals (+2.94 D to +3.13 D) were more hyperopic than the FF−3D monkeys (−0.78 D; P = 0.004–0.006), but similar to controls (+2.44 D; P = 0.14–0.22). Conclusions The results demonstrate that even when the more positive-powered zones make up only one-fifth of a dual-focus lens' surface area, refractive development is still dominated by relative myopic defocus. Overall, the results emphasize that myopic defocus distributed across the visual field evokes strong signals to slow eye growth in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Arumugam
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Texas, United States 2Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li-Fang Hung
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Texas, United States 2Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chi-Ho To
- Center for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 4State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Earl L Smith
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Texas, United States 2Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang B, Naidu RK, Qu X. Factors related to axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology practice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175913. [PMID: 28419129 PMCID: PMC5395222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate which baseline factors are predictive for axial length growth over an average period of 2.5 years in a group of children wearing orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses. Methods In this retrospective study, the clinical records of 249 new OK wearers between January 2012 and December 2013 from the contact lens clinic at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was axial length change from baseline to the time of review (July-August 2015). Independent variables included baseline measures of age at initiation of OK wear, gender, refractive error (spherical equivalent), astigmatism, average keratometry, corneal toricity, central corneal thickness, white-to-white corneal diameter, pupil size, corneal topography eccentricity value (e-value), intraocular pressure (IOP) and total time in follow-up (months total). The contributions of all independent variables on axial length change at the time of review were assessed using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results Univariate analyses of the right eyes of 249 OK patients showed that smaller increases in axial length were associated with older age at the onset of OK lens wear, greater baseline spherical equivalent myopic refractive error, less time in follow-up and a smaller e-value. Multivariable analyses of the significant right eye variables showed that the factors associated with smaller axial length growth were older age at the onset of OK lens wear (p<0.0001), greater baseline spherical equivalent myopic refractive error (p = 0.0046) and less time in follow-up (p<0.0001). Conclusions The baseline factors demonstrating the greatest correlation with reduced axial length elongation during OK lens wear in myopic children included greater baseline spherical equivalent myopic refractive error and older age at the onset of OK lens wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajeev K. Naidu
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaomei Qu
- Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Galvis V, Tello A, Parra MM, Merayo-Lloves J, Larrea J, Julian Rodriguez C, Camacho PA. Topical Atropine in the Control of Myopia. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 5:78-88. [PMID: 28293653 PMCID: PMC5347209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atropine has been used for more than a century to arrest myopia progression. Compelling evidence of its protective effect has been reported in well-designed clinical studies, mainly performed during the last two decades. However, its exact mechanism of action has not been determined. Experimental findings have shown that the mechanism is not related to accommodation, as was thought for decades. A review of the published literature revealed a significant amount of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy at a concentration of 1.0%, and at lower concentrations (as low as 0.01%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Tello
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - M Margarita Parra
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime Larrea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundacion Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|