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Beattie RE. Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1430810. [PMID: 38979537 PMCID: PMC11228166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1430810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is critical for total body health and well-being; however, little improvement in oral health status has occurred in the U.S. over the past 20 years. Tooth decay and gum disease remain highly prevalent, with more than 90% and 50% of adults suffering from these conditions, respectively. To combat this lack of improvement, alternative approaches to dental care are now being suggested. One such alternative therapy is probiotics for oral care. In the oral cavity, probiotic strains have been shown to reduce levels of oral pathogens, inhibit the formation of dental caries, and reduce the levels of bacteria that cause halitosis. However, as the oral care probiotic market expands, many products contain bacterial species and strains with no documented health benefits leading to confusion and mistrust among consumers and clinicians. This confusion is enhanced by the regulatory status of probiotic products which puts the onus of safety and efficacy on the manufacturer rather than a central regulatory body. The overarching goal of this review is to provide consumers and clinicians with documented evidence supporting (or refuting) the health benefits of oral care probiotics marketed for sale in the United States. This includes defining what constitutes an oral care probiotic product and a strain level analysis of candidate probiotics from the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus. Additionally, prebiotics and postbiotics will be discussed. Finally, a set of considerations for consumers and clinicians is provided to empower probiotic product decision making. Together, this review will improve understanding of oral care probiotics marketed in the US for dental professionals and consumers.
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Ramasubbu D, Duane B. Do chewing gums and sweets containing xylitol prevent caries in children? Evid Based Dent 2024; 25:89-90. [PMID: 38796554 PMCID: PMC11213697 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-01018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
DATA SOURCES Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) were searched in December 2022, and again for additional literature on 3-5th January 2023. Reference lists of relevant systematic reviews were hand searched for other eligible studies for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION Randomised controlled clinical trials and controlled clinical trials conducted on children (aged ≤ 18 years), conducted between 1974-2022 and available in English, were eligible for inclusion. Studies were excluded if caries was not an outcome, the control group was not sufficient, they were lab-based studies or studies where xylitol delivery was not a sweet or chewing gum and where the xylitol product contained a component such as fluoride which may influence the outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Four calibrated reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, and disagreements were resolved via group discussion. Preventative effect was determined by comparing the mean caries increment in the control and intervention groups, producing a preventative fraction. A total of 617 titles were initially screened for relevance. After duplicate removal, 268 abstracts were screened and 16 full text articles reviewed, with one more study then excluded. 10 studies investigated xylitol-containing chewing gum, and six looked at xylitol candy (one did both). Eight included studies were randomised controlled trials. Data extraction was undertaken by two reviewers. RESULTS 3466 participants were included in the 10 studies that investigated xylitol chewing gum, and all 10 studies reported a statistically significant preventive effect compared to a no chewing gum or placebo control. In 9 studies, the preventive fraction was clinically significant. The six studies investigating xylitol candies contained a total of 1023 participants, and only one study demonstrated a significant preventative effect. CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence that incorporating xylitol chewing gum daily has a caries-reducing effect in those with a moderate-to-high baseline caries level. This effect was not present for xylitol sweets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini Ramasubbu
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Brett Duane
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Alteration of oral microbial biofilms by sweeteners. Biofilm 2024; 7:100171. [PMID: 38197082 PMCID: PMC10772577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using sweeteners for taste improvement in the food and drink industry. Sweeteners were found to regulate the formation or dispersal of structural components of microbial biofilms. Dietary sugars may enhance biofilm formation and facilitate the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has become a major health issue worldwide. In contrast, bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners are also beneficial for managing microbial infections. This review discusses the clinical significance of oral biofilms formed upon the administration of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners. The underlying mechanism of action of sweeteners in the regulation of mono- or poly-microbial biofilm formation and destruction is comprehensively discussed. Bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners have also been used in conjunction with antimicrobial substances to reduce microbial biofilm formation. Formulations with bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners have been demonstrated to be particularly efficient in this regard. Finally, future perspectives with respect to advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying biofilm regulation activities of sweeteners are presented as well. Several alternative strategies for the application of bulk sweeteners and non-nutritive sweeteners have been employed to control the biofilm-forming microbial pathogens. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms responsible for enhancing or inhibiting biofilm formation and virulence properties by both mono- and poly-microbial species in the presence of the sweetener is crucial for developing a therapeutic agent to manage microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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Unterbrink P, Schulze Zur Wiesche E, Meyer F, Fandrich P, Amaechi BT, Enax J. Prevention of Dental Caries: A Review on the Improvements of Toothpaste Formulations from 1900 to 2023. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:64. [PMID: 38534288 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. For this, worldwide patent applications were searched using the international database Espacenet from the European Patent Office. Additionally, toothpaste products were searched using the Mintel product database from 1996 to 2023. The searched ingredients were (in alphabetical order): calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, hydrated silica, sodium fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, xylitol, and zinc salts as they are known from the scientific literature to be remineralizing or antibacterial/antiplaque agents. It was shown that the number of patent applications containing these ingredients significantly increased since the 1970s. As these ingredients have remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, they all can contribute to caries prevention. In conclusion, and within the limitations of this approach, this study shows that toothpaste formulations have greatly improved over the past decades by using various active anticaries ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Unterbrink
- Research Department, Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Sudbrackstr. 56, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Erik Schulze Zur Wiesche
- Research Department, Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Sudbrackstr. 56, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pascal Fandrich
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Joachim Enax
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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Breban-Schwarzkopf D, Chioibas R, Macasoi I, Bolintineanu S, Marcovici I, Draghici G, Dinu S, Buzatu R, Dehelean C, Szuhanek C. Comprehensive in vitro and in ovo assessment of cytotoxicity: Unraveling the impact of sodium fluoride, xylitol, and their synergistic associations in dental products. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:923-938. [PMID: 38431834 PMCID: PMC11293222 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2024.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, dental health products containing fluoride have been widely employed to mitigate tooth decay and promote oral hygiene. However, concerns regarding the potential toxicological repercussions of fluoride exposure have incited continuous scientific inquiry. The current study investigated the cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) and xylitol (Xyl), both individually and in combination, utilizing human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cell lines. In HaCaT cells, NaF decreased proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis-related morphological changes at low concentrations, whereas Xyl exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. The combination of NaF and Xyl reduced cell viability, particularly at higher concentrations, accompanied by apoptosis-like morphological alterations. Sub-cytotoxic NaF concentrations (0.2%) significantly affected caspase activity and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Conversely, Xyl demonstrated no discernible effect on these biological parameters. In SAOS-2 cells, NaF increased proliferation at high concentrations, contrasting with Xyl's concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects. The combination of NaF and Xyl had a minimal impact on cell viability. Sub-cytotoxic NaF concentrations did not influence caspase activity or gene expression, while Xyl induced dose-dependent morphological alterations, increased caspase activity, and upregulated pro-apoptotic gene expression. In ovo experiments on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) revealed that only NaF induced irritant effects, suggesting potential vascular adverse outcomes. This study advocates for the combined use of NaF and Xyl, highlighting their cytotoxicity benefits in healthy cells while maintaining safety considerations for tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Breban-Schwarzkopf
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raul Chioibas
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Bolintineanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - George Draghici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Szuhanek
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Orthodontic Research Center (ORTHO-CENTER), “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Ealla KKR, Kumari N, Chintalapani S, Uppu S, Sahu V, Veeraraghavan VP, Ramani P, Govindool SR. Interplay between dental caries pathogens, periodontal pathogens, and sugar molecules: approaches for prevention and treatment. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:127. [PMID: 38416201 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Globally, oral diseases affect nearly 3.5 billion people, accounting for 4.6% of the healthcare expenditure. Common oral diseases include dental caries and periodontal disease, associated with biofilms formed by cariogenic pathogens. Epidemiological studies associate carbohydrates with these diseases due to the sugars metabolized by cariogenic pathogens. This review focuses on dental caries and periodontal pathogens, quorum sensing, lectin-carbohydrate interactions, and various sugar molecules. Cariogenic sugars significantly influence biofilms by enhancing pathogen adhesion, viability, and gene expressions associated with biofilm formation. Moreover, lectin-carbohydrate interactions contribute to biofilm stability. Disrupting these interactions is a potential strategy for oral disease prevention. The use of nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, provides novel insights into lectin-sugar interactions and the development of inhibitors. Additionally, nanomaterials like calcium phosphate nanoparticles neutralize acids and inhibit microbial growth. This overview emphasizes understanding the relationships between oral diseases, microbial communities, and sugars to devise preventive and therapeutic strategies against oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Neema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Srikanth Chintalapani
- Department of Periodontology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Supriya Uppu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vikas Sahu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharaschandra Reddy Govindool
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240D Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Pørksen CJ, Keller MK, Damholt A, Frederiksen AKS, Ekstrand KR, Markvart M, Larsen T, Bakhshandeh A. The effect of a lozenge combining prebiotic arginine and probiotics on caries increment in children during 10-12 months, a randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2023; 135:104599. [PMID: 37356561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of daily use of a lozenge containing arginine and probiotics for 10-12 months on caries increment, gingivitis- and plaque occurrence in children aged 5-9 years. METHODS In this placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-grouped randomized clinical trial, 343 children were randomly assigned to one of the study arms (1:1). The intervention group (n = 172) received a lozenge containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG® (DSM33156), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. CASEI 431® (DSM33451) and prebiotic (arginine 2%). The placebo group (n = 171) received an identical lozenge without arginine or probiotics. Primary canines and molars, and permanent first molars were examined clinically (d/D= ICDAS1-6) and radiographically (d/D = R1-6) at baseline and follow-up. Missing (m/M), sealed (s/S), and filled (f/F) surfaces (-s/-S) in both dentitions were also included. Utilizing clinical and radiographic scorings, caries experience was classified as dICDAS1-6msf-s (primary teeth), DICDAS1-6MSF-S (permanent teeth), d/DICDAS1-6 m/M-s/S-f/F-s/S (mixed dentition). A weighted and an unweighted score system was applied. RESULTS The study was completed by 288 children. The dropout rate was 15%. The increase in ∆mean dICDAS3-6msf-s and ∆mean d/DICDAS3-6m/M-s/S-f/F-s/S was lower in the intervention group (p = 0.007). No differences were found for gingivitis- and plaque occurrence. No product-related side effects were reported. This study followed ICH-GCP including external monitoring. CONCLUSION Daily consumption of a lozenge containing prebiotic arginine and two strains of probiotics showed safe use and statistically significantly reduction in caries incrementbut no effect on the mean plaque or gingivitis occurrence in children. The use of a lozenge with arginine and probiotics combined has a promising potential as a supplementary tool for future management of caries. www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT03928587). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The combination of prebiotic arginine and probiotics shows clinical potential as a supplementary approach to toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste in managing caries increment in children. A new era in the management of caries may be emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Juhl Pørksen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, København N 2200 Denmark.
| | - Mette Kirstine Keller
- Clinical Development, Human Health, Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Kogle Allé 6, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Anders Damholt
- Clinical Development, Human Health, Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Kogle Allé 6, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Rud Ekstrand
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, København N 2200 Denmark
| | - Merete Markvart
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, København N 2200 Denmark
| | - Tove Larsen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, København N 2200 Denmark
| | - Azam Bakhshandeh
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, København N 2200 Denmark
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Arubaku W, Tusubira D, Ssedyabane F, Chamut S, Seymour BA, Siedner MJ, Niyonzima V, Nabbanja J, Kakongi N, Kwizera G, Maling S. Prevalence, correlates and treatment needs of dental caries in patients attending a diabetic clinic in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:446. [PMID: 37403050 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a complex heterogeneous metabolic disorder known to lead to several pathogenic disorders, and has a bidirectional relationship with oral health conditions. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence, treatment needs and correlates of dental caries among adult patients attending a diabetic clinic in Uganda. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that used questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic factors, diabetes history, oral health status, dental health care, dietary factors, lifestyle factors, and dental examination guided by the modified World Health Organization oral health questionnaire for adults. RESULTS We enrolled 239 participants, prevalence of dental caries was 71.6%, treatment need was nearly 100%, and mean DMFT was 3.82 (SD = 5.46). Dental caries experience was associated with being widowed. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of dental caries experience and large treatment need among our participants. We recommend integration of oral health care into routine diabetic services in rural sub Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Arubaku
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Frank Ssedyabane
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Steffany Chamut
- Department of Oral Health Policy & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard, USA
| | - Brittany Anne Seymour
- Department of Oral Health Policy & Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard, USA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Vallence Niyonzima
- Department of Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Nathan Kakongi
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Kwizera
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
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Veiga N, Figueiredo R, Correia P, Lopes P, Couto P, Fernandes GVO. Methods of Primary Clinical Prevention of Dental Caries in the Adult Patient: An Integrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111635. [PMID: 37297776 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Preventive approaches to oral health diseases, mainly dental caries, require individual and collective policies. Thus, this review was conducted to identify the primary prevention methods of dental caries in adults to improve oral health at the clinical and community levels. METHODS This review followed the PICO strategy with the research question: "What are the methods of primary prevention of dental caries, in adults, for improving and maintaining oral health integrating clinical and community-based strategies?" Electronic screening was carried out by two independent reviewers in five databases (MedLine/PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and LILACS) to find relevant publications between 2015-2022. We applied eligibility criteria for selection of the articles. The following MeSH terms were used: "Primary Prevention"; "Adult"; "Oral Health"; "Dental Caries"; "Fluorides, Topical"; "Fluoride Varnishes"; "Pit and Fissure Sealants"; "Preventive Dentistry". Although the term "Prevention strategy" is not a MeSH descriptor, several correlated terms appeared and were used in the search engines: "Preventative Care", "Disease Prevention, Primary", and "Prevention, Primary". The tool provided by the JBI organization (Joanna Briggs Institute) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Overall, it was found that the main primary prevention methods applied in dentistry in adults are the application of pit and fissure sealants, topical application of fluoride performed in the dental clinic, use of fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwash with chlorhexidine at home, use of xylitol, the recommendation for regular appointments with the dentist, and the need to inform patients about the saliva buffer capacity and adoption of a non-cariogenic diet. For that purpose, preventive policies should be taken to prevent dental caries. These include three major challenges: providing the adult population with more knowledge regarding their oral health, empowering patients through adopting healthy lifestyles, and developing new preventive strategies and awareness campaigns aimed at the adult population to promote proper oral health habits. CONCLUSIONS A small number of studies were found whose participants were adult patients. There was some consistency regarding primary prevention methods in our studies. However, good quality randomized control studies are still required to define the best intervention strategies for adult caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélio Veiga
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Figueiredo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Couto
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Chen SY, Delacruz J, Kim Y, Kingston R, Purvis L, Sharma D. Effect of xylitol on Porphyromonas gingivalis: A systematic review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:265-275. [PMID: 36894516 PMCID: PMC10098279 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of xylitol against Porphyromonas gingivalis anaerobic species, a key microbe contributing to periodontal disease pathogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Relevant studies published on seven online databases (Cochrane, Ovid, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were included in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria allowed all study designs involving xylitol and P. gingivalis, literature published since the year 2000, and all xylitol delivery forms. RESULTS The initial search yielded 186 papers. After the removal of duplicates, five reviewers screened every article for eligibility and seven articles were selected for data extraction. Four out of seven included studies assessed the dose-dependent effect of xylitol on P. gingivalis growth, two studies assessed the effect of xylitol on P. gingivalis-induced cytokine expression, and one study assessed both domains. CONCLUSIONS From the in vitro studies included in this systematic review, there is some evidence of xylitol's inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis. However, more evidence derived from in vivo studies is required to confirm its effectiveness warranting their routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau You Chen
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua Delacruz
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roger Kingston
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura Purvis
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dileep Sharma
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Oral Health Thearpy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Enax J, Amaechi BT, Schulze zur Wiesche E, Meyer F. Overview on Adjunct Ingredients Used in Hydroxyapatite-Based Oral Care Products. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040250. [PMID: 36546950 PMCID: PMC9775056 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is a biomimetic active ingredient, which is used in commercial oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes worldwide. Clinical studies (in vivo) as well as in situ and in vitro studies have shown the preventive effects of hydroxyapatite in various field of oral care. In some products, hydroxyapatite is combined with other active ingredients, to achieve an additional antibacterial effect or to promote gum health. This review analyzes the efficacy of six selected natural and nature-inspired ingredients that are commonly used together with hydroxyapatite. These additional actives are either antibacterial (lactoferrin, xylitol, and zinc) or promote gum health (allantoin, bisabolol, and hyaluronic acid). A systematic literature search was performed, and all studies found on each ingredient were analyzed. In summary, all analyzed ingredients mentioned in this review are well described in scientific studies on their beneficial effect for oral health and can be used to expand the preventive effect of hydroxyapatite in oral care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Enax
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34 36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Erik Schulze zur Wiesche
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34 36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Johanneswerkstr. 34 36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (F.M.)
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12
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Mucoadhesive buccal films for treatment of xerostomia prepared by coupling HME and 3D printing technologies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Wu YF, Salamanca E, Chen IW, Su JN, Chen YC, Wang SY, Sun YS, Teng NC, Chang WJ. Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gum Reduces Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Dental Plaque—Microbiome Investigation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882636. [PMID: 35634392 PMCID: PMC9131035 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDental caries and periodontal disease remain the most prevalent oral health problems in the world. Chewing xylitol gum may help reduce the risk of caries and periodontitis for dental health benefits. However, little evidence has shown healthy food estimation by sequencing 16S rDNA in oral microbial communities. This study investigated the clinical effect of xylitol chewing gum on dental plaque accumulation and microbiota composition using the PacBio full-length sequencing platform in 24 young adults (N = 24). The participants were randomly assigned to xylitol chewing gum and control (no chewing gum) groups. Participants in the chewing gum group chewed ten pieces of gum (a total of 6.2 g xylitol/day). Dental plaque from all teeth was collected for weighing, measuring the pH value, and analysis of microbial communities at the beginning (baseline, M0) and end of the 2-week (effect, M1) study period.ResultsThe results suggested a 20% reduction in dental plaque accumulation (p < 0.05) among participants chewing xylitol gum for 2 weeks, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes (a type of pathogenic bacteria associated with caries) decreased by 10.26% (p < 0.05) and that of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria (two types of pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis) decreased by 6.32% (p < 0.001) and 1.66% (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of Fusobacteria was increased by 9.24% (p < 0.001), which has been proven to have a higher proportion in dental plaque of healthy adults. However, the dental plaque pH value stayed in a healthy range for the two groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, chewing xylitol gum would benefit cariogenic and periodontal bacterial reduction in the oral cavity, which could help to prevent the diseases related to these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Ning Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sui Sun
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation and Center of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Nai-Chia Teng,
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Wei-Jen Chang,
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Partial Substitution of Glucose with Xylitol Prolongs Survival and Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Glycolysis of Mice Bearing Orthotopic Xenograft of Oral Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102023. [PMID: 35631164 PMCID: PMC9148106 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many types of cancer have metabolic alterations with increased glycolysis. Identification of alternative sweeteners that do not fuel cancer is a novel approach to cancer control. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of xylitol on tumor growth and survival of mice bearing orthotopic xenograft of tongue cancers. The results showed that partial substitution of glucose with xylitol (glucose 0.35 g plus xylitol 2.06 g/kg body weight) non-significantly reduced tumor volume, and significantly prolonged the median survival time from 19 days in the control to 30.5 days in the xylitol group. Immunohistochemical data of the tongue tissue shows significantly lower intense-to-mild staining ratios of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the xylitol than those of the control group (p = 0.04). Furthermore, the xylitol substitution significantly reduced the expression of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) (p = 0.03), and showed a non-significant inhibition of PFK activity. In summary, partial substitution of glucose with xylitol at the equivalent dose to human household use of 10 g/day slows down tumor proliferation and prolongs survival of mice bearing an orthotopic oral cancer xenograft, possibly through glycolytic inhibition, with minimal adverse events. The insight warrants clinical studies to confirm xylitol as a candidate sweetener in food products for cancer survivors.
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Martins ML, Leite KLDF, Magno MB, Masterson D, Vicente-Gomila JM, Cavalcanti YW, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. The Xylitol Applicability and its Effects in Health Area Worldwide: A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Elmokanen M, Ezzat M, Ibrahim A, Shaalan O. Effect of dissolving xylitol chewable tablets versus xylitol chewing gum on bacterial count and salivary pH in geriatric bedridden patients: A randomized clinical trial. J Int Oral Health 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_205_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Naves PA, Moura ALD, Rodrigues MC, Diniz MB, Arana-Chavez VE, Jordão MC, Cardoso CDAB. Effect of Xylitol Varnishes on the Inhibition of Demineralization in Vitro. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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18
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Siqueira VL, Barreto GS, Silva EBV, Silva TVD, Nascimento DGD, Veronezi A, Rodrigues MC, Buzalaf MAR, Cardoso CDAB. Effect of xylitol varnishes on enamel remineralization of immature teeth: in vitro and in situ studies. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e137. [PMID: 34932666 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of xylitol varnishes on the remineralization of newly erupted permanent and deciduous teeth in vitro and in situ. Human enamel specimens were randomly allocated to 8 groups (n = 15/group). Artificial caries lesions were produced and enamel alterations were quantified by surface/subsurface hardness and transverse microradiography. The blocks were then treated with the following varnishes: DuraphatTM; 20 wt% xylitol (146 μm) varnish; 20 wt% milled xylitol (80 μm) varnish, and placebo varnish, and removed after 6 h of immersion in artificial saliva. The blocks were subjected to pH-cycles for 8 days. CONCLUSIONS fifteen subjects wore palatal appliances containing four pre-demineralized and treated enamel specimens, for 5 days. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis/Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The %SHR in both studies was significantly increased by xylitol and Duraphat™ varnishes when compared to placebo. Considering subsurface remineralization, only the xylitol varnishes were able to significantly reduce the enamel lesion. Xylitol varnishes can be promising alternatives to promote enamel remineralization of newly erupted permanent and deciduous teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lira Siqueira
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Santos Barreto
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Vieira da Silva
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Gomes do Nascimento
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Veronezi
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Modelling Based Analysis and Optimization of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for the Production of Lignocellulosic-Based Xylitol. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.4.11807.857-868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) configuration offers efficient use of the reactor. In this configuration, both hydrolysis and fermentation processes are conducted simultaneously in a single bioreactor, and the overall processes may be accelerated. However, problems may arise if both processes have different optimum conditions, and therefore process optimization is required. This paper presents a mathematical model over SSF strategy implementation for producing xylitol from the hemicellulose component of lignocellulosic materials. The model comprises the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and the fermentation of hydrolysate into xylitol. The model was simulated for various process temperatures, prior hydrolysis time, and inoculum concentration. Simulation of the developed kinetics model shows that the optimum SSF temperature is 36 °C, whereas conducting prior hydrolysis at its optimum hydrolysis temperature will further shorten the processing time and increase the xylitol productivity. On the other hand, increasing the inoculum size will shorten the processing time further. For an initial xylan concentration of 100 g/L, the best condition is obtained by performing 21-hour prior hydrolysis at 60 °C, followed by SSF at 36 °C by adding 2.0 g/L inoculum, giving 46.27 g/L xylitol within 77 hours of total processing time. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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20
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Tian Y, Wang H, Chen H, Li X, Lu F, Ma S, Wang W, Wu J, Tang J, Feng P, Fu Y, Han S, Liu T, Hou H, Hu Q. Toxicity evaluation in rats following 28 days of inhalation exposure to xylitol aerosol. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1177-1186. [PMID: 34956621 PMCID: PMC8692747 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylitol has reported to decrease gingival inflammation and nasopharyngeal pneumonia, which indicated that xylitol may have potential application in respiratory diseases. Although some studies have reported the inhalation toxicity of xylitol, however, the longest period tested was only for 14 days. The inhalation toxicity of xylitol is insufficient. This work investigated the potential subacute toxicity of xylitol according to the OECD TG 412. Rats were randomly divided into a control group and different dosage groups (2 g/m3, 3 g/m3, 5 g/m3), and exposed for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 28 days. At the end of the exposure or recovery period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, hematology, blood biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weight, and histopathology were examined. Compared with the control group, rats of both sexes in the exposure groups exhibited no significant changes in body weight, organ mass, and food uptake. After the xylitol exposure, aspartate aminotransferase activity in the xylitol group (3 g/m3) was significantly higher than that in the control group, while other blood indicators and pathological changes of liver and the analysis of the recovery group showed no changes, suggesting that xylitol exerted no observable toxic effect on the liver. Finally, other observations including the histopathology of target organs and hematology also showed no alterations. These results indicated that xylitol had no significant inhalation toxicity at doses up to 5 g/m3. These subacute inhalation toxicity results of xylitol showed that its no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) in rats was determined to 5 g/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Tian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xianmei Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fengjun Lu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuhao Ma
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenming Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Wu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Pengxia Feng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yaning Fu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shulei Han
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
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21
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Narisetty V, Castro E, Durgapal S, Coulon F, Jacob S, Kumar D, Kumar Awasthi M, Kishore Pant K, Parameswaran B, Kumar V. High level xylitol production by Pichia fermentans using non-detoxified xylose-rich sugarcane bagasse and olive pits hydrolysates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126005. [PMID: 34592613 PMCID: PMC8651628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulosic sugars, the overlooked fraction of lignocellulosic residues can serve as potential and cost-effective raw material that can be exploited for xylitol production. Xylitol is a top platform chemical with applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and olive pits (OP) are the major waste streams from sugar and olive oil industries, respectively. The current study evaluated the potential of Pichia fermentans for manufacturing of xylitol from SCB and OP hydrolysates through co-fermentation strategy. The highest xylitol accumulation was noticed with a glucose and xylose ratio of 1:10 followed by feeding with xylose alone. The fed-batch cultivation using pure xylose, SCB, and OP hydrolysates, resulted in xylitol accumulation of 102.5, 86.6 and 71.9 g/L with conversion yield of 0.78, 0.75 and 0.74 g/g, respectively. The non-pathogenic behaviour and ability to accumulate high xylitol levels from agro-industrial residues demonstrates the potential of P. fermentans as microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Eulogio Castro
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sumit Durgapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Binod Parameswaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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The Effect of Toothpastes Containing Natural Ingredients Such As Theobromine and Caffeine on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3304543. [PMID: 34721628 PMCID: PMC8556078 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3304543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of biocompatible kinds of toothpastes containing natural ingredients such as theobromine and caffeine on the enamel microhardness after demineralization. 72 maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in this study. Primary enamel surface microhardness examinations were performed using a Digital Micro Vickers Hardness Tester following the Knoop technique (50 g load for 15 s with three indentations at various points). The specimens were immersed in lactic acid (pH = 5.4) for 7 days, washed with distilled water, dried, and then retested for microhardness. According to the type of toothpaste used for brushing, all specimens were categorized as follows: Group 1, Theodent classic® toothpaste (theobromine); Group 2, Power Energy toothpaste (caffeine); Group 3, Colgate toothpaste (fluoride); and Group 4, distilled water as the negative control. The specimens were retested for enamel microhardness after brushing 2 times a day for one month. After brushing with different types of toothpaste, for all experiment groups, the increase in microhardness values in the demineralized enamel surfaces was significant and there were significant differences between them (p value <0.05). The fluoride group had the highest microhardness and had a significant difference with the caffeine and distilled water groups, but there was no significant difference with the theobromine group (p value <0.05). In the theobromine group, the hardness was considerably higher than in the caffeine and distilled water groups. There was no significant difference between the caffeine and distilled water groups. Theobromine toothpaste had the same remineralization effect as that of fluoride toothpaste, while caffeine toothpaste had no positive effect on the remineralization process.
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Sharda S, Gupta A, Goyal A, Gauba K. Remineralization potential and caries preventive efficacy of CPP-ACP/Xylitol/Ozone/Bioactive glass and topical fluoride combined therapy versus fluoride mono-therapy - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:402-417. [PMID: 33459095 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1869827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the remineralization potential and caries preventive efficacy of CPP-ACP/bioactive glass/xylitol/ozone and topical fluoride (TF) combined therapy versus TF mono-therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched. 4457 records were screened and 26 trials were included. Data from 16 trials was pooled using Review Manager 5.4. Level of significance was p < .05. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE. RESULTS Pooled analysis of two trials for white spot lesions (WSLs) regression (SMD -0.6, 95% CI: [-1.07 to -0.14], p = .01) and three trials for post-intervention DIAGNOdent values (SMD -1.24, 95% CI: [-1.96 to -0.52], p = .0007) significantly favoured CPP-ACP-TF combined therapy over TF mono-therapy. The sub-group analysis for caries increment (SMD -0.14, 95% CI: [-0.21 to -0.07], p < .0001) and the post intervention S mutans count (SMD -0.42, 95% CI: [-0.62 to -0.23], p < .0001) significantly favours 'xylitol-TF' and 'CPP-ACP-TF' combined therapy respectively. The high/unclear risk of bias, imprecision and indirectness of the included trials presented a low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION CPP-ACP-TF exhibits superiority over TF monotherapy in remineralizing existing lesions and demonstrates better antibacterial effect, whereas it is not more effective for preventing caries incidence. However, Xylitol exerts an added benefit over fluoride alone in preventing caries increment. The low-certainty evidence highlights the need for more good quality trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharda
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashima Goyal
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Gauba
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Marcato RA, Garbelini CCD, Danelon M, Pessan JP, Emerenciano NG, Ishikawa ADS, Cannon ML, Delbem ACB. In situ evaluation of 200 ppm fluoride toothpaste content trimetaphosphate, xylitol and erythritol on enamel demineralization and dental biofilm. J Dent 2021; 111:103724. [PMID: 34118282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of low-fluoride (F-) toothpaste and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) associated with xylitol and erythritol (XE) on enamel demineralization and biofilm composition. METHODS This crossover double-blind in situ study consisted of five phases (seven days each), in which 14 volunteers wore oral appliances containing four enamel bovine blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed by exposure to a 30% sucrose solution (6x/day). The toothpaste treatments (3x/day) were as follows: placebo (no F-/TMP/XE); 200 ppm F- (NaF) (200F); 1,100 ppm F- (1100F); 16% Xylitol and 4% Erythritol (XE); and 200 ppm F-, 0.2% TMP, 16% xylitol, and 4% erythritol (200F-TMP-XE). Percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), and calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43-), and F- on enamel and biofilm were determined; as well as insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). RESULTS XE and 1100F groups showed no significant difference for %SH and ΔKHN values (p = 0.220 and p = 0.886), and the 200F-TMP-XE group had the lowest mineral loss (p < 0.001). Ca2+ and PO43- in the enamel showed the highest values (p < 0.001) for the 200F-TMP-XE group. Higher values of F- in the enamel and biofilm were observed for the 1100F group (p < 0.001). There was no difference for Ca2+ (p = 1.00) and EPS (p =0.918) values between XE and 200-TMP-XE groups in the biofilm, but their values were higher and lower than the 1100F (p = 0.002 and p = 0.029), respectively. CONCLUSIONS 200F-TMP-XE promoted a greater protective effect against enamel demineralization and significantly affected the composition of biofilm formed in situ compared to 1100F toothpaste. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Low-F- toothpaste containing TMP and polyols can be considered an effective and safe measure to improve the oral health of individuals, especially patients with high caries activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Andrade Marcato
- State University of Londrina, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine and Children's Dentistry, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, Zip code 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - Cássia Cilene Dezan Garbelini
- State University of Londrina, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine and Children's Dentistry, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, Zip code 86.057-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Nayara Gonçalves Emerenciano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Anelise de Souza Ishikawa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Mark L Cannon
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, Zip code 16015-050, Brazil.
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Talib HJ, Mousa HA, Mahmood AA. Assessment of the Plaque-Induced Gingivitis Patient With and Without Hyaluronic acid and Xylitol Toothpaste. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:138-143. [PMID: 34036074 PMCID: PMC8118052 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_371_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The traditional manner of treatment of periodontal tissue inflammation includes giving information about the problem to the patient, oral motivation, and mechanical scaling and root planning (SRP). Aims: We aimed at estimating the effect of using toothpaste with hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan, HA) and xylitol (HAX) as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Sixty male patients who were in the age group of 20 to 35 years participated in this study. All of them endured 4 appointments, who suffered plaque-induced gingivitis, they distributed into 2 groups depending on the toothpaste variety: group 1 (G1): made up of 30 patients who consume toothpaste that contains HAX, while group 2 (G2): made up of 30 patients who consume toothpaste without HAX (placebo type). Clinical periodontal parameters (CPPs) for all of them were recorded, once at the beginning of the treatment besides four times throughout the treatment at weekly interims during all visits. Results: The means of plaque indices (PLI) and gingival indices (GI) decreased along with the sessions for both groups, where the initial means of PLI and GI (baseline) were 2.55 ± 0.14, 2.33 ± 0.15 for the G1, and 2.57 ± 0.13, 2.34 ± 0.16 for G2, respectively; whereas the least means shown at the fourth visit were 0.39 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.06 for G1, and 0.71 ± 0.07, 0.61 ± 0.05 for G2, respectively. There was a reduction in the mean percent of bleeding on probing (BOP) score 1 for all visits in both groups. Finally, an intragroup comparison among dissimilar visits and intergroup comparisons for each visit showed highly significant differences at a P-value of ≤ 0.001 for PLI, GI, and BOP. Conclusions: Using toothpaste with or without HAX can decrease gingival inflammation; it can result in a higher improvement in the periodontal status of patients than toothpaste without HAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider J Talib
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hussein A Mousa
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athraa A Mahmood
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Louie TM, Louie K, DenHartog S, Gopishetty S, Subramanian M, Arnold M, Das S. Production of bio-xylitol from D-xylose by an engineered Pichia pastoris expressing a recombinant xylose reductase did not require any auxiliary substrate as electron donor. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:50. [PMID: 33618706 PMCID: PMC7898734 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that has numerous beneficial health properties. It has almost the same sweetness as sucrose but has lower energy value compared to the sucrose. Metabolism of xylitol is insulin independent and thus it is an ideal sweetener for diabetics. It is widely used in food products, oral and personal care, and animal nutrition as well. Here we present a two-stage strategy to produce bio-xylitol from D-xylose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing a heterologous xylose reductase gene. The recombinant P. pastoris cells were first generated by a low-cost, standard procedure. The cells were then used as a catalyst to make the bio-xylitol from D-xylose. RESULTS Pichia pastoris expressing XYL1 from P. stipitis and gdh from B. subtilis demonstrated that the biotransformation was very efficient with as high as 80% (w/w) conversion within two hours. The whole cells could be re-used for multiple rounds of catalysis without loss of activity. Also, the cells could directly transform D-xylose in a non-detoxified hemicelluloses hydrolysate to xylitol at 70% (w/w) yield. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated here that the recombinant P. pastoris expressing xylose reductase could transform D-xylose, either in pure form or in crude hemicelluloses hydrolysate, to bio-xylitol very efficiently. This biocatalytic reaction happened without the external addition of any NAD(P)H, NAD(P)+, and auxiliary substrate as an electron donor. Our experimental design & findings reported here are not limited to the conversion of D-xylose to xylitol only but can be used with other many oxidoreductase reactions also, such as ketone reductases/alcohol dehydrogenases and amino acid dehydrogenases, which are widely used for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Man Louie
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Kailin Louie
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Samuel DenHartog
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Sridhar Gopishetty
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Mani Subramanian
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Mark Arnold
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA
| | - Shuvendu Das
- Center for Biocatalysis & Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52241, USA.
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Alemzadeh K, Jones SB, Davies M, West N. Development of a Chewing Robot With Built-in Humanoid Jaws to Simulate Mastication to Quantify Robotic Agents Release From Chewing Gums Compared to Human Participants. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:492-504. [PMID: 32746044 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3005863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Medicated chewing gum has been recognised as a new advanced drug delivery method, with a promising future. Its potential has not yet been fully exploited because currently there is no gold standard for testing the release of agents from chewing gum in vitro. This study presents a novel humanoid chewing robot capable of closely replicating the human chewing motion in a closed environment, incorporating artificial saliva and allowing measurement of xylitol release from the gum. The release of xylitol from commercially available chewing gum was quantified following both in vitro and in vivo mastication. The chewing robot demonstrated a similar release rate of xylitol as human participants. The greatest release of xylitol occurred during the first 5 minutes of chewing and after 20 minutes of chewing only a low amount of xylitol remained in the gum bolus, irrespective of the chewing method used. Saliva and artificial saliva solutions respectively were collected after 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes of continuous chewing and the amount of xylitol released from the chewing gum determined. Bioengineering has been implemented as the key engineering strategy to create an artificial oral environment that closely mimics that found in vivo. These results demonstrate the chewing robot with built-in humanoid jaws could provide opportunities for pharmaceutical companies to investigate and refine drug release from gum, with reduced patient exposure and reduced costs using this novel methodology.
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Inhibitory effects of xylitol and sorbitol on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms are repressed by the presence of sucrose. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koşar S, Çokakoğlu S, Kaleli İ. Effects of xylitol impregnated toothbrushes on periodontal status and microbial flora in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:837-843. [PMID: 33378517 DOI: 10.2319/022420-125.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the use of xylitol-impregnated toothbrushes affects periodontal condition and microbial flora in orthodontic patients with poor oral hygiene. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four patients with baseline mean Turesky plaque index scores ≥1.5 were randomly divided into two groups. Half received xylitol-containing toothbrushes and the other half, xylitol-free toothbrushes. The periodontal measurements and saliva samples were taken at baseline (T0), 1 month later (T1), and 3 months after brushing (T2) to evaluate periodontal health and microflora changes. Periodontal status was assessed with plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) scores. Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests. RESULTS All periodontal parameters significantly decreased from T0 to T1 and from T0 to T2 in both groups. The PI and GI scores reduced significantly in the control group, while BOP scores reduced in both groups between T1 and T2. Intergroup comparisons showed significant differences for BOP, PI, and GI at T0, T1, and T2 times, respectively. For microbial parameters, there were no statistically significant differences within groups from T0 to T1. Total bacterial counts significantly decreased in the xylitol group between T1 and T2. Decreases in Streptococcus mutans and total bacteria were significant in both groups from T0 to T2. No significant differences were found between the groups in microbial flora at any time. CONCLUSIONS A 3-month use of xylitol-containing toothbrushes showed almost the same changes and provided no positive effects on periodontal and microbial parameters compared to the control group.
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Sweetening Agents and Sweeteners in Dietary Supplements for Children-Analysis of the Polish Market. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082387. [PMID: 32784924 PMCID: PMC7468995 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweetening agents (SA) and sweeteners are major additives used in the production of dietary supplements (DS), they fulfill both technological and organoleptic functions. The aim of this study is to identify the types of SA and sweeteners found in DS intended for children and to determine the secondary role of them. The study was performed on data from the documentation of representative samples of DS (N = 315) available on the Polish market. The results show that 75.24% of the products contained at least one SA or sweetener. Sucrose is the SA most frequently used in DS production. The empirical findings show that the type of sweetening ingredient correlates closely with the formulation of products, which in turn has to be suited to consumption abilities of the target group as well as to the children's taste requirements. The crucial need for analysis of the composition of DS is emphasized in the light of high consumption rates of these products as well as limited regulations and policy.
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31
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Health benefits of xylitol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7225-7237. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Piekara A, Krzywonos M, Pstrowska K. Lollipop supplements- nutrient-dense foods or sweets in disguise? J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chahed A, Nesler A, Navazio L, Baldan B, Busato I, Ait Barka E, Pertot I, Puopolo G, Perazzolli M. The Rare Sugar Tagatose Differentially Inhibits the Growth of Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora cinnamomi by Interfering With Mitochondrial Processes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32117150 PMCID: PMC7015900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars are monosaccharides with limited availability in nature and their biological functions are largely unknown. Among them, tagatose was developed as a low-calorie sweetener and showed beneficial effects on human health. Tagatose is metabolized by only certain microbial taxa and inhibits the growth of important crop pathogens (e.g., Phytophthora infestans), but its mode of action and the microbial responses are unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the tagatose mode of action against Phytophthora spp., with the final aim of developing new plant protection products. Tagatose inhibited P. infestans growth in vitro and caused severe ultrastructural alterations, with the formation of circular and concentric mitochondrial cristae. Decreased ATP content and reduced oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were found in tagatose-incubated P. infestans as compared to the control, with the consequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of genes related to apoptosis and oxidative stress response. On the other hand, tagatose did not, or only slightly, affect the growth, cellular ultrastructure and mitochondrial processes in Phytophthora cinnamomi, indicating a species-specific response to this rare sugar. The mode of action of tagatose against P. infestans was mainly based on the inhibition of mitochondrial processes and this rare sugar seems to be a promising active substance for the further development of eco-friendly fungicides, thanks to its anti-nutritional properties on some phytopathogens and low risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessalem Chahed
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Biological Products for Agriculture (Bi-PA), Londerzeel, Belgium.,Department of Plant Induced Resistance and Bioprotection, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Andrea Nesler
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Biological Products for Agriculture (Bi-PA), Londerzeel, Belgium
| | - Lorella Navazio
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Botanical Garden, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Botanical Garden, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Isabella Busato
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Department of Plant Induced Resistance and Bioprotection, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Nuraini P, Pradopo S, Pronorahardjo AS. Sucrose and Xylitol-Induced Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Adherence. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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35
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Rizvi A, Shankar A, Chatterjee A, More TH, Bose T, Dutta A, Balakrishnan K, Madugulla L, Rapole S, Mande SS, Banerjee S, Mande SC. Rewiring of Metabolic Network in Mycobacterium tuberculosis During Adaptation to Different Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2417. [PMID: 31736886 PMCID: PMC6828651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) to microbicidal intracellular environment of host macrophages is fundamental to its pathogenicity. However, an in-depth understanding of metabolic adjustments through key reaction pathways and networks is limited. To understand how such changes occur, we measured the cellular metabolome of M. tuberculosis subjected to four microbicidal stresses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric multiple reactions monitoring (LC-MRM/MS). Overall, 87 metabolites were identified. The metabolites best describing the separation between stresses were identified through multivariate analysis. The coupling of the metabolite measurements with existing genome-scale metabolic model, and using constraint-based simulation led to several new concepts and unreported observations in M. tuberculosis; such as (i) the high levels of released ammonia as an adaptive response to acidic stress was due to increased flux through L-asparaginase rather than urease activity; (ii) nutrient starvation-induced anaplerotic pathway for generation of TCA intermediates from phosphoenolpyruvate using phosphoenolpyruvate kinase; (iii) quenching of protons through GABA shunt pathway or sugar alcohols as possible mechanisms of early adaptation to acidic and oxidative stresses; and (iv) usage of alternate cofactors by the same enzyme as a possible mechanism of rewiring metabolic pathways to overcome stresses. Besides providing new leads and important nodes that can be used for designing intervention strategies, the study advocates the strength of applying flux balance analyses coupled with metabolomics to get a global picture of complex metabolic adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Shankar
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
| | | | | | - Tungadri Bose
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Kannan Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lavanya Madugulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sharmila S Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Teixeira Essenfelder L, Gomes AA, Miquelutti D, da Silva GF, Magalhães MLB. Effect of xylitol on salivary
β
‐glucosidase in humans. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:472-475. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucimari Teixeira Essenfelder
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Anderson A. Gomes
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - David Miquelutti
- Department of Soil and Natural Resources Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta Catarina Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. da Silva
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Maria L. B. Magalhães
- Biochemistry Laboratory Center of Agroveterinary Sciences State University of Santa Catarina LagesSanta CatarinaBrazil
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Tham J, Calache H, Hallett KB. "Setting the scene in early childhood" - an MID approach for life. Aust Dent J 2019; 64 Suppl 1:S10-S21. [PMID: 31144324 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a discussion paper for both consideration and implementation of Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) principles by the general dental practitioner. It argues that if these concepts can be adopted in early childhood by both the community and the profession, "Teeth for Life" can become a reality for all. Oral Health promoting behaviours can be nurtured and supported from infancy and developed into everyday living practice for a lifetime thereby maintaining an optimal quality of life. MID techniques have become more refined and supported by scientific research in the recent times and should be considered an essential clinical guideline for the future disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tham
- Department of Dentistry, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Calache
- Deakin Health Economics, Faculty of Health, Centre for Population Health Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K B Hallett
- Department of Dentistry, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Magacz M, Kędziora K, Sapa J, Krzyściak W. The Significance of Lactoperoxidase System in Oral Health: Application and Efficacy in Oral Hygiene Products. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061443. [PMID: 30901933 PMCID: PMC6472183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) present in saliva are an important element of the nonspecific immune response involved in maintaining oral health. The main role of this enzyme is to oxidize salivary thiocyanate ions (SCN-) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to products that exhibit antimicrobial activity. LPO derived from bovine milk has found an application in food, cosmetics, and medical industries due to its structural and functional similarity to the human enzyme. Oral hygiene products enriched with the LPO system constitute an alternative to the classic fluoride caries prophylaxis. This review describes the physiological role of human salivary lactoperoxidase and compares the results of clinical trials and in vitro studies of LPO alone and complex dentifrices enriched with bovine LPO. The role of reactivators and inhibitors of LPO is discussed together with the possibility of using nanoparticles to increase the stabilization and activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magacz
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kędziora
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Banerjee S, Ranganathan V, Patti A, Arora A. Valorisation of pineapple wastes for food and therapeutic applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Oza S, Patel K, Bhosale S, Mitra R, Gupta R, Choudhary D. To Determine the Effect of Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol and Sorbitol on Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli Count in Saliva, Plaque, and Gingival Health and to Compare the Efficacy of Chewing Gums. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:354-360. [PMID: 30123770 PMCID: PMC6071354 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_54_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of chewing gum containing xylitol and sorbitol on mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli count in saliva, plaque, and gingival health and to compare the efficacy of chewing gums. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a double-blinded randomized uncontrolled clinical trial with two parallel arms. A total of 80 students consented and completed the study. The test group (X) received corresponding pellets with xylitol and the control group (S) was given pellets containing sorbitol and maltitol three times daily for 30 days. Clinical scoring and saliva samples were collected at three different intervals, at baseline, 15th, and 30th day of the study. The outcome measure was plaque index score, gingival index score, salivary mutans streptococci, and Lactobacilli counts. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of mutans streptococci count of test and control group at baseline and 15th day, but there was statistically highly significant difference (P = 0.00) between the mean of mutans streptococci count in test and control group on the 30th day. The mean of Lactobacilli count, plaque index, and gingival index score between test and control group showed no statistically significant difference at baseline, 15th day, and 30th day. Conclusion: The results suggest that only xylitol gum may interfere with the mutans streptococci composition and reduce it after continuous use of 30 days effectively as compared to sorbitol gum, but both the gums are equally effective on salivary Lactobacilli, plaque, and gingiva at different intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Oza
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kreta Patel
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Satish Bhosale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, RR Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Mitra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rupam Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Divya Choudhary
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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D‑Tagatose inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:843-851. [PMID: 29115611 PMCID: PMC5780163 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is an important global health concern and Streptococcus mutans has been established as a major cariogenic bacterial species. Reports indicate that a rare sugar, D-tagatose, is not easily catabolized by pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of D-tagatose on the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans GS-5 were examined. Monitoring S. mutans growth over a 24 h period revealed that D-tagatose prolonged the lag phase without interfering with the final cell yield. This growth retardation was also observed in the presence of 1% sucrose, although it was abolished by the addition of D-fructose. S. mutans biofilm formation was significantly inhibited by growth in sucrose media supplemented with 1 and 4% D-tagatose compared with that in a culture containing sucrose alone, while S. mutans formed granular biofilms in the presence of this rare sugar. The inhibitory effect of D-tagatose on S. mutans biofilm formation was significantly more evident than that of xylitol. Growth in sucrose media supplemented with D-tagatose significantly decreased the expression of glucosyltransferase, exo-β-fructosidase and D-fructose-specific phosphotransferase genes but not the expression of fructosyltransferase compared with the culture containing sucrose only. The activity of cell-associated glucosyltransferase in S. mutans was inhibited by 4% D-tagatose. These results indicate that D-tagatose reduces water-insoluble glucan production from sucrose by inhibiting glucosyltransferase activities, which limits access to the free D-fructose released during this process and retards the growth of S. mutans. Therefore, foods and oral care products containing D-tagatose are anticipated to reduce the risk of caries by inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation.
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Scarano S, Pascale E, Minunni M. The early nucleation stage of gold nanoparticles formation in solution as powerful tool for the colorimetric determination of reducing agents: The case of xylitol and total polyols in oral fluid. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 993:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Trachootham D, Chingsuwanrote P, Yoosadiang P, Mekkriangkrai D, Ratchawong T, Buraphacheep N, Kijanukul S, Saekhow S, Pongpitchayadej O, Vongvachvasin K, Sittikornpaiboon P, Tuntipopipat S. Partial Substitution of Glucose with Xylitol Suppressed the Glycolysis and Selectively Inhibited the Proliferation of Oral Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:862-872. [PMID: 28718681 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1339097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Suitable diet for cancer survivors remains an unresolved challenge. Increased glucose utilization is a hallmark of various cancers. Therefore, alternative carbohydrate supplying normal tissue but retarding cancer growth is needed. This study investigated the effect of sugar alcohols on the proliferation of oral cancer cells compared to nontransformed cells and explored the mechanism. Six oral squamous cell carcinoma (CAL-27, FaDu, SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, and SCC25) and one nontransformed oral keratinocyte (OKF6/TERT2) lines were cultured in media containing 1 mg/ml glucose and 5.8 mg/ml xylitol or sorbitol, yielding equal energy input to control group (4.5 mg/ml glucose). Partial substitution of glucose with sugar alcohols especially xylitol significantly suppressed proliferation of oral cancer but not nontransformed cells. Despite the addition of isocaloric quantities of the sugars, cancer cells exposed to low glucose plus xylitol had retarded ATP generation and decreased activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. Furthermore, D-xylulose, its key metabolic intermediate, enhanced the anticancer effect of xylitol. These findings suggested a selective anticancer activity of xylitol and the potential mechanism involving inhibition of glucose utilization. Partial substitution of glucose with xylitol may be a proper nutrient for oral cancer survivors, deserving further investigation in animal and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pimjai Chingsuwanrote
- b Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumrit Saekhow
- h Vichaivej, Nongkhaem Hospital , Nongkhaem, Bangkok , Thailand
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Cochrane Corner: Xylitol for preventing middle ear infection in children. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cardoso C, Cassiano L, Costa E, Souza-e-Silva C, Magalhães A, Grizzo L, Caldana M, Bastos J, Buzalaf M. Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ. J Dent 2016; 50:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Tamburini E, Costa S, Marchetti MG, Pedrini P. Optimized Production of Xylitol from Xylose Using a Hyper-Acidophilic Candida tropicalis. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1979-89. [PMID: 26295411 PMCID: PMC4598783 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Candida tropicalis DSM 7524 produces xylitol, a natural, low-calorie sweetener, by fermentation of xylose. In order to increase xylitol production rate during the submerged fermentation process, some parameters-substrate (xylose) concentration, pH, aeration rate, temperature and fermentation strategy-have been optimized. The maximum xylitol yield reached at 60-80 g/L initial xylose concentration, pH 5.5 at 37 °C was 83.66% (w/w) on consumed xylose in microaerophilic conditions (kLa = 2·h(-1)). Scaling up on 3 L fermenter, with a fed-batch strategy, the best xylitol yield was 86.84% (w/w), against a 90% of theoretical yield. The hyper-acidophilic behaviour of C. tropicalis makes this strain particularly promising for industrial application, due to the possibility to work in non-sterile conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tamburini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Paola Pedrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
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