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Levy SA, Misiura MB, Grant JG, Adrien TV, Taiwo Z, Armstrong R, Dotson VM. Depression, Vascular Burden, and Dementia Prevalence in Late Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae009. [PMID: 38374692 PMCID: PMC10926943 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Late-life depression and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) have been linked to increased dementia risk. However, there is a dearth of literature examining these relationships in Black adults. We investigated whether depression or WMH volume are associated with a higher likelihood of dementia diagnosis in a sample of late middle-aged to older Black adults, and whether dementia prevalence is highest in individuals with both depression and higher WMH volume. METHODS Secondary data analysis involved 443 Black participants aged 55+ with brain imaging within 1 year of baseline visit in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Chi-square analyses and logistic regression models controlling for demographic variables examined whether active depression in the past 2 years, WMH volume, or their combination were associated with higher odds of all-cause dementia. RESULTS Depression and higher WMH volume were associated with a higher prevalence of dementia. These associations remained after controlling for demographic factors, as well as vascular disease burden. Dementia risk was highest in the depression/high WMH volume group compared to the depression-only group, high WMH volume-only group, and the no depression/low WMH volume group. Post hoc analyses comparing the Black sample to a demographically matched non-Hispanic White sample showed associations of depression and the combination of depression and higher WMH burden with dementia were greater in Black compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. DISCUSSION Results suggest late-life depression and WMH have independent and joint relationships with dementia and that Black individuals may be particularly at risk due to these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellie-Anne Levy
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, The Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- The Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maria B Misiura
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeremy G Grant
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, The Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tamare V Adrien
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, The Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zinat Taiwo
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca Armstrong
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, The Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Mohd Safien A, Ibrahim N, Subramaniam P, Singh DKA, Mat Ludin AF, Chin AV, Shahar S. Prevalence of depression and clinical depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:225-233. [PMID: 38199952 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study determines the prevalence of depression and the extent of clinical depression symptoms among community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty and its associated factors. METHODS A total of 755 older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited. Their cognitive performance was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating. Fried's criteria was applied to identify physical frailty, and the Beck Depression Inventory assessed their mental states. RESULTS A total of 39.2% (n = 304) of the participants were classified as cognitive frail. In this cognitive frail subpopulation, 8.6% (n = 26) had clinical depressive symptoms, which were mostly somatic such as disturbance in sleep pattern, work difficulty, fatigue, and lack of appetite. Older adults with cognitive frailty also showed significantly higher depression levels as compared with the noncognitive frail participants (t (622.06) = -3.38; P = 0.001). There are significant associations between depression among older adults with cognitive frailty and multimorbidity (P = 0.009), polypharmacy (P = 0.009), vision problems (P = 0.046), and hearing problems (P = 0.047). The likelihood of older adults with cognitive frailty who experience impairments to their vision and hearing, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity to be depressed also increased by 2, 3, 5, and 7-fold. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the Malaysian community-dwelling older adults were in a good mental state. However, older adults with cognitive frailty are more susceptible to depression due to impairments to their hearing and vision, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy. As common clinical depressive symptoms among older adults with cognitive frailty are mostly somatic, it is crucial for health professionals to recognize these and not to disregard them as only physical illness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 225-233.
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Affiliation(s)
- A'isyah Mohd Safien
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ponnusamy Subramaniam
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hannon K, Bijsterbosch J. Challenges in Identifying Individualized Brain Biomarkers of Late Life Depression. ADVANCES IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND RESEARCH 2024; 5:e230010. [PMID: 38348374 PMCID: PMC10861244 DOI: 10.20900/agmr20230010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Research into neuroimaging biomarkers for Late Life Depression (LLD) has identified neural correlates of LLD including increased white matter hyperintensities and reduced hippocampal volume. However, studies into neuroimaging biomarkers for LLD largely fail to converge. This lack of replicability is potentially due to challenges linked to construct variability, etiological heterogeneity, and experimental rigor. We discuss suggestions to help address these challenges, including improved construct standardization, increased sample sizes, multimodal approaches to parse heterogeneity, and the use of individualized analytical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Hannon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis MO, 63110, USA
| | - Janine Bijsterbosch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis MO, 63110, USA
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Jiménez AL, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Forsyth Calhoun T, Cohen L, Alegría M. Late life anxiety and depression symptoms, and suicidal behaviors in racial/ethnic minority older adults in community-based organizations and community clinics in the U.S. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 30:22-34. [PMID: 35113605 PMCID: PMC9519187 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late life anxiety and depression represent a significant source of disability, with racial/ethnic minority older adults in the U.S. showing marked disparities in healthy aging. Community-based organizations (CBOs) and community clinics serve these populations for preventive care, yet few identify their mental health service needs. We examine the association between race/ethnicity and risk of mild-to-severe symptoms of anxiety and depression, and suicidal behaviors in minority older adults. METHOD Data come from the multisite randomized controlled trial Building Community Capacity for Disability Prevention for Minority Elders, which screened 1,057 adults (45.5% Asian, 26.8% Latinx, 15.0% non-Latinx Black, 8.5% non-Latinx White, and 4.2% American Indian) aged 60 + years at CBOs and clinics in Massachusetts, New York, Florida, and Puerto Rico. Screened participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) for depression symptoms, and the Paykel Suicide Risk Questionnaire for suicidal behaviors. RESULTS 28.1% of older adults reported mild-to-severe anxiety symptoms, 30.1% reported mild-to-severe depression symptoms, and 4.3% reported at least one suicidal behavior. Compared to non-Latinx Whites, Latinxs had higher odds of mild-to-severe anxiety and depression symptoms and one or more suicidal behaviors, and Asians had higher odds of mild-to-severe depression symptoms only. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to improve outreach for screening and preventive mental health care for minority older adults. Expanding outreach and community-based capacity to identify and treat minority older adults with mental health conditions represents an opportunity to prevent disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida L. Jiménez
- Department of Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, San
Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mario Cruz-Gonzalez
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Lauren Cohen
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School
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Taiwo Z, Tighe EL, Tone EB, Light SN, Dotson VM. Distinct latent symptom profiles in late-onset depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2202-2210. [PMID: 37194465 PMCID: PMC10592582 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2211545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the symptom profiles of late-onset depressive symptoms in a sample of older adults. METHOD The sample included 1,192 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Data Set. Participants were ≥65 years old, community-dwelling, and without cognitive impairment or a prior history of depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, 15-item (GDS-15). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify and group participants based on profiles of depressive symptoms. RESULTS LCA revealed three distinct symptom profiles: (1) an Anhedonia/Amotivation profile with a higher probability of endorsing a combination of low positive emotion and amotivation (6%), (2) an Amotivation/Withdrawal profile with a high probability of endorsing only amotivational depressive symptoms (35%), and (3) an asymptomatic profile with no probability of endorsing any depressive symptoms (59%). Amotivational depressive symptoms were observed across both symptomatic profiles, while depressed mood (e.g. sadness) did not predominantly characterize any profile in this sample. There were also significant differences among symptom profiles in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of understanding depression at the symptom pattern level. A profile-based diagnostic approach may help improve the recognition of depressive symptoms in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinat Taiwo
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology, The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR) Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Erin B. Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharee N. Light
- LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Vonetta M. Dotson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Watts P, Menon M, Netuveli G. Depression Earlier on in Life Predicts Frailty at 50 Years: Evidence from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5568. [PMID: 37685635 PMCID: PMC10487987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty and depression in older ages have a bidirectional relationship, sharing some symptoms and characteristics. Most evidence for this has come from cross-sectional studies, or longitudinal studies with limited follow-up periods. We used data from the National Child Development Study (1958 Birth Cohort) to investigate the relationship between depression and early-onset frailty using a life course perspective. The primary outcome was frailty based on a 30-item inventory of physical health conditions, activities of daily living and cognitive function at 50 years. The main exposure was depression (based on a nine-item Malaise score ≥ 4) measured at 23, 33 and 42 years. We investigated this relationship using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic factors, early life circumstances and health behaviours. In fully adjusted models, when modelled separately, depression at each timepoint was associated with around twice the odds of frailty. An accumulated depression score showed increases in the odds of frailty with each unit increase (once: OR 1.92, 95%CI 1.65, 2.23; twice OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.85, 2.94; thrice: OR 2.95, 95%CI 2.11, 4.11). The public health significance of this finding is that it shows the potential to reduce the physical burden of disease later in life by paying attention to mental health at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Watts
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK;
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Invernizzi S, Bodart A, Lefebvre L, Loureiro IS. The role of semantic assessment in the differential diagnosis between late-life depression and Alzheimer's disease or amnestic mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Ageing 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 37563432 PMCID: PMC10415247 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECT The cognitive complaints encountered in late-life depression (LLD) make it difficult to distinguish from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on an analysis of neurocognitive disorders. The hypothesis of the early impairment of semantic memory in AD and aMCI is considered a potential differential cognitive clue, but the absence of this impairment has not yet been confirmed in LLD. METHOD Based on the PRISMA method, we systematically seek neuropsychological assessments of individuals with LLD, the present study included 31 studies representing 3291 controls and 2820 people with LLD. Wherever possible, studies that tested simultaneously groups with LLD, AD (or aMCI) were also included. The results of the group of neuropsychological tasks relying on semantic memory were analyzed in two groups of tasks with high- or low-executive demand. The mean average effect of LLD was calculated and compared to the incremental effect of aMCI or AD on the scores. Linear regressions including education, age, and severity and type of depression were run to seek their power of prediction for the mean average effects. RESULTS LLD has a medium effect on scores at semantic and phonemic fluency and naming and a small average effect on the low-executive demand tasks. Differences in education is a predictor of the effect of LLD on phonemic fluency and naming but not on semantic fluency or on low-executive demand tasks. Except for semantic fluency, aMCI did not demonstrate an incremental effect on the scores compared to LLD, while AD did, for all the tasks except phonemic fluency. CONCLUSION Assessment of semantic memory can be a discriminating clue for the distinction between depression and Alzheimer's disease but some methodological variables are highly influential to the scores, especially education. However, high-executive semantic tasks alone do not allow us to clearly distinguish LLD from AD or aMCI, as both pathologies seem to have a largely dialectical influential relationship, but low-executive semantic tasks appear as more sensible to this pathological distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Invernizzi
- Departement of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
- Fonds National de La Recherche Scientifique, Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Alice Bodart
- Departement of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Lefebvre
- Departement of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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8
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Kwak S, Kim H, Oh DJ, Jeon YJ, Oh DY, Park SM, Lee JY. Lower cognitive function attenuates the convergence between self-ratings and observer ratings of depressive symptoms in late-life cognitive impairment. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2898. [PMID: 36756689 PMCID: PMC10013952 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of depressive symptoms in older adults is challenging especially in the presence of risks in cognitive impairment. We aimed to examine whether the convergence between two measures of depressive symptoms (self-report and observer ratings) is affected by varying levels of cognitive function in older adults. METHODS Self-reported scale of depression, informant-based rating of affective symptoms, and global cognitive function were assessed in 2533 older adults with no impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. The strength of rank-order correlation between the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and behavioral ratings of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was examined as the metric of convergent validity. RESULTS The results showed that the strength of convergence between the two measurements gradually decreased as a function of lowered cognitive function. Overall tendency showed that diagnoses of cognitive impairment and lower levels of cognitive function were associated with lower correspondence between the two depression measurements. The loss of convergent validity is especially evident in the behavioral symptom of apathy. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing self-report scales of depression in older adults requires a cautious approach even with minimal or mild levels of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyul Kwak
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hairin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jong Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Ju Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Mi Park
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Balsamo M, Murdock KK, Carlucci L. Psychological factors in adherence to COVID-19 public health restrictions in Italy: A path model testing depressed mood, anxiety, and co-rumination via cellphone. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278628. [PMID: 36459533 PMCID: PMC9718386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the success of major non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as quarantine orders, has depended upon robust rates of citizens' adherence to protocols. Thus, it is critical to public health for research to illuminate factors that affect compliance with contagion-mitigating practices. Previous research has examined sociodemographic factors and aspects of psychological distress as correlates of adherence to public health guidelines. The current study expanded this research to investigate the psychosocial process of co-rumination, which has been identified in previous research as a maladaptive type of social interaction that is associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Data were collected from 932 Italian adults during the initial stages of the highly stressful COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. A path model was tested to examine multivariate relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms of psychological distress (i.e., depression and anxiety), co-rumination via cellphone, and self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related public health restrictions. Results revealed that higher rates of co-rumination via cellphone were associated with lower levels of adherence to public health restrictions. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were differentially related to co-rumination processes and adherence to public health restrictions. Higher levels of depression symptoms were directly associated with poorer adherence to public health restrictions, and this path was mediated through higher levels of co-rumination via cellphone. On the contrary, higher levels of state anxiety were directly associated with greater adherence to public health guidelines. This path was also mediated through co-rumination via cellphone. Higher levels of anxiety were correlated with lower levels of co-rumination, which in turn were correlated with lower levels of adherence. These results suggest fruitful directions for future research examining co-rumination as a maladaptive coping behavior that may be addressed within public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- University of “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Karla Klein Murdock
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, United States of America
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Picconi L, Fairfield B, Sergi MR, Cataldi F, Padulo C, Brugnera A, Parisi G, Compare A, Gottschling J, Segal DL. Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-12) among Italian Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36065753 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed a new Italian short version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-12) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The GAS-12 specifically screens for anxiety symptoms in the Italian older adult population by identifying items that best discriminate anxiety in this population. METHODS In Study 1, we administered the full-length Italian translation of the GAS to 517 older adults and used item response theory to identify the most discriminating items and to develop the short form used in Study 2. In Study 2, we evaluated the functioning of the new short form of the questionnaire in a new sample of 427 older adults using Confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Analyses indicated 12 items that discriminated well between anxious and non-anxious participants and distributed along the latent continuum of each trait. The GAS-12 fits a three-factor structure. There was also evidence for convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS The Italian GAS-12 appears to be a useful instrument for the quantitative screening of anxiety in Italian older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Anxiety imposes significant impairment thus making imperative the screening and assessment of anxiety symptoms. The GAS-12 is particularly indicated with limited time and many scales in a clinical assessment or research protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picconi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Sergi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Cataldi
- Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Parisi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Juliana Gottschling
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel L Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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11
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Wang LQ, Zhang TH, Dang W, Liu S, Fan ZL, Tu LH, Zhang M, Wang HN, Zhang N, Ma QY, Zhang Y, Li HZ, Wang LC, Zheng YN, Wang H, Yu X. Heterogenous Subtypes of Late-Life Depression and Their Cognitive Patterns: A Latent Class Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:917111. [PMID: 35873245 PMCID: PMC9298648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-life depression (LLD), characterized by cognitive deficits, is considered heterogeneous across individuals. Previous studies have identified subtypes with diverse symptom profiles, but their cognitive patterns are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the subtypes of LLD and the cognitive profile of each group. Methods In total, 109 depressed older adults were enrolled. We performed latent class analysis using Geriatric Depression Scale items as indicators to generate latent classes. We compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with cognitive functions between groups and conducted regression analysis to investigate the association between class membership and variables with significant differences. Results Two classes were identified: the "pessimistic" group was characterized by pessimistic thoughts and the "worried" group with a relatively high prevalence of worry symptoms. The two groups did not differ in sociodemographic characteristics. The "pessimistic" group showed a higher rate of past history of depression and lower age of onset. The "worried" group had more physical comorbidities and a higher rate of past history of anxiety. The "pessimistic" group was more impaired in general cognitive function, executive function, information processing speed, and attention. Lower general and executive functions were associated with the membership in the "pessimistic" group. Conclusions Subjects with pessimistic symptoms and subjects with a propensity to worry may form two distinct subtypes of late-life depression with different cognitive profiles. Further, the cognitive evaluation of subjects with pessimistic symptoms is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qi Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Hong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zi-Li Fan
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hui Tu
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin-Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Zi Li
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Chun Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Nan Zheng
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
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12
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Henriques A, Talih M, Pastor-Valero M, Fraga S, Dias I, Matijasevich A, Barros H. A multidimensional perspective of the relation between social isolation and depression among Portuguese older adults. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:1412-1421. [PMID: 34173289 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore how different social isolation components were associated with depression among older adults in Portugal. We analysed data collected through structured questionnaires in 2017 from 643 Portuguese adults aged 60 and over. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (Short-Form). Social isolation was operationalised using objective indicators - living alone, marital status, leisure activities - and subjective indicator - perceived social support. Because social isolation is a multidimensional construct that is likely to be more than the sum of its components, cluster analysis was conducted to group individuals into social isolation profiles. Associations were estimated using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Five profiles were identified: Cluster 1 (partnered; high social support; high variety of leisure activities); Cluster 2 (partnered; high social support; few leisure activities); Cluster 3 (not partnered; low social support; few leisure activities); Cluster 4 (living alone; high social support; high variety of leisure activities); Cluster 5 (partnered; high social support; limited variety of leisure activities). Compared with Cluster 1, participants in Cluster 2 were three times more likely to have depression, independent of age, gender, education, comorbidities and self-rated health (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.38-6.71). Participants in Cluster 3 presented the highest probability of depression that was not explained by any of the confounders (OR = 4.74; 95% CI: 2.15-10.44). Older adults living alone are not necessarily more prone to depression, with social support and leisure activities playing an important role. To disentangle how social isolation affects health, objective and subjective isolation measures should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Makram Talih
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Pastor-Valero
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (Ciberesp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- Instituto de Sociologia da Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Aprahamian I, Borges MK, Hanssen DJC, Jeuring HW, Oude Voshaar RC. The Frail Depressed Patient: A Narrative Review on Treatment Challenges. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:979-990. [PMID: 35770239 PMCID: PMC9234191 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s328432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the public importance of frailty is widely acknowledged by the World Health Organization, physical frailty is still largely neglected in geriatric mental health care. Firstly in this narrative review, we summarize the knowledge on the epidemiology of the association between depression and frailty, whereafter implications for treatment will be discussed. Even though frailty and depression have overlapping diagnostic criteria, epidemiological studies provide evidence for distinct constructs which are bidirectionally associated. Among depressed patients, frailty has predictive validity being associated with increased mortality rates and an exponentially higher fall risk due to antidepressants. Nonetheless, guidelines on the treatment of depression neither consider frailty for risk stratification nor for treatment selection. We argue that frailty assessment enables clinicians to better target the pharmacological and psychological treatment of depression as well as the need for interventions targeting primarily frailty, for instance, lifestyle interventions and reduction of polypharmacy. Applying a frailty informed framework of depression treatment studies included in a meta-analysis reveals that the benefit–harm ratio of antidepressants given to frail depressed patients can be questioned. Nonetheless, frail-depressed patients should not withhold antidepressants as formal studies are not available yet, but potential adverse effects should be closely monitored. Dopaminergic antidepressants might be preferable when slowness is a prominent clinical feature. Psychotherapy is an important alternative for pharmacological treatment, especially psychotherapeutic approaches within the movement of positive psychology, but this approach needs further study. Finally, geriatric rehabilitation, including physical exercise and nutritional advice, should also be considered. In this regard, targeting ageing-related abnormalities underlying frailty that may also be involved in late-life depression such as low-grade inflammation might be a promising target for future studies. The lack of treatment studies precludes firm recommendations, but more awareness for frailty in mental health care will open a plethora of alternative treatment options to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Aprahamian
- Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Geriatrics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí, Brazil
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Ivan Aprahamian, Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí, Brazil, Email
| | - Marcus K Borges
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Psychiatry, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Denise J C Hanssen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W Jeuring
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Borza T, Harneshaug M, Kirkhus L, Šaltytė Benth J, Selbæk G, Bergh S, Slaaen M. The course of depressive symptoms and mortality in older patients with cancer. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1153-1160. [PMID: 34139140 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1932739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), a self-report questionnaire, emphasizes the psychological dimension of depression. We aimed to investigate whether GDS-15 scores were associated with mortality in older patients with cancer and describe the course of individual symptoms on the GDS-15. METHODS An observational, multicenter, prospective study of 288 patients 70 years or older with cancer followed over 24 months. The patients were assessed with the GDS-15 at inclusion, and after four and 12 months. An extended Cox regression model assessed the association between time-dependent GDS-15 scores and mortality. RESULTS After adjusting for cancer-related prognostic factors, a one-point increase in GDS-15 sum score increased risk of death by 12%. GDS-15 mean score increased during the first four months of the study, as did odds for the presence of the GDS-15 symptoms 'feel you have more problems with memory than most', 'not feel full of energy', and 'think that most people are better off than you'. The most prevalent and persistent GDS-15 symptom was 'prefer to stay at home, rather than going out and doing new things', and 'not to be in good spirits most of the time' was the least prevalent. CONCLUSIONS More severe depressive symptoms, as measured by the GDS-15, were associated with higher mortality in older patients with cancer. The importance of emotional distress and how to alleviate it should be investigated further in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Borza
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Magnus Harneshaug
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Kirkhus
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jūratė Šaltytė Benth
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Marit Slaaen
- Research Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Palliative Team, Department of Internal Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar Hospital, Hamar, Norway
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15
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Prost SG, Golembeski C, Periyakoil VS, Arias J, Knittel AK, Ballin J, Oliver HD, Tran NT. Standardized outcome measures of mental health in research with older adults who are incarcerated. Int J Prison Health 2022; ahead-of-print:10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0085. [PMID: 35362688 PMCID: PMC9328480 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-08-2021-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The targeted use of standardized outcome measures (SOMs) of mental health in research with older adults who are incarcerated promotes a common language that enables interdisciplinary dialogue, contributes to the identification of disparities and supports data harmonization and subsequent synthesis. This paper aims to provide researchers with rationale for using "gold-standard" measures used in research with community-dwelling older adults, reporting associated study sample psychometric indexes, and detailing alterations in the approach or measure. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The authors highlight the mental health of older adults who are incarcerated. They also discuss the benefits of SOMs in practice and research and then identify gold-standard measures of mental health used in research with community-dwelling older adults and measures used in research with older adults who are incarcerated. Finally, the authors provide several recommendations related to the use of SOMs of mental health in research with this population. FINDINGS Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder are common among older adults who are incarcerated. Researchers have used a variety of measures to capture these mental health problems, some parallel to those used with community-dwelling samples. However, a more targeted use of SOMs of mental health in research with this population will contribute to important strides in this burgeoning field. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This review offers several practical recommendations related to SOMs of mental health in research with older adults who are incarcerated to contribute to a rigorous evidence base and thus inform practice and potentially improve the health and well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grace Prost
- Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cynthia Golembeski
- Milano School of Policy, Management, and Environment, The New School, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jalayne Arias
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea K Knittel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica Ballin
- Department of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Heather D Oliver
- Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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16
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O’Sullivan JL, Schweighart R, Lech S, Kessler EM, Tegeler C, Teti A, Nordheim J, Gellert P. Concordance of self- and informant-rated depressive symptoms in nursing home residents with Dementia: cross-sectional findings. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 35382790 PMCID: PMC8981933 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is highly prevalent in nursing home residents living with moderate to severe dementia. However, assessing depressive symptoms in residents with dementia can be challenging and may vary by rater perspective. We aimed to investigate the concordance of, and factors associated with self- and informant-rated depressive symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. METHODS Cross-sectional data was collected from N = 162 nursing home residents with dementia (age: 53-100; 74% women). Self-ratings were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale, while the depression and anxiety items of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory were used for informant-ratings. Cohen's Kappa was calculated to determine the concordance of both measures and of each with antidepressant medication. Multivariate associations with sociodemographic variables, self- and informant-rated quality of life, dementia stage, neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional status and antidepressant medication were analysed with linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Concordance between self- and single item informant-rated depressive symptoms was minimal (Cohen's Kappa = .22, p = .02). No concordance was found for self-reported depressive symptoms and the combined informant-rated depression-anxiety score. Self-reported depression was negatively associated with self-rated quality of life (β = -.32; 95%CI: -.45 to -.19, p < .001), informant-rated quality of life (β = -.25; 95%CI: -.43 to -.07, p = .005) and functional status (β = -.16; 95%CI: -.32 to -.01, p = .04), whilst single item informant-rated depression revealed negative associations with informant-rated quality of life (β = -.32; 95%CI: -.52 to -.13, p = .001) and dementia stage (β = -.31; 95%CI: -.52 to -.10, p = .004). The combined informant-rated depression-anxiety score showed negative associations with self-rated quality of life (β = -.12; 95%CI: -.22 to -.03, p = .01) and dementia stage (β = -.37; 95%CI: -.67 to -.07, p = .02) and a positive association with neuropsychiatric symptoms (β = .30; 95%CI: .10 to .51, p = .004). No concordance was found with antidepressant medication. CONCLUSIONS In line with our expectations, low agreement and unique association patterns were found for both measures. These findings indicate that both instruments address different aspects of depression und underline the need for comprehensive approaches when it comes to detecting signs of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry (Trial registration number: ISRCTN98947160 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. O’Sullivan
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roxana Schweighart
- grid.449789.f0000 0001 0742 8825Institute for Gerontology, University Vechta, Driverstraße 2, 49377 Vechta, Germany
| | - Sonia Lech
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Marie Kessler
- grid.466457.20000 0004 1794 7698Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Tegeler
- grid.466457.20000 0004 1794 7698Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Str. 50, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Teti
- grid.449789.f0000 0001 0742 8825Institute for Gerontology, University Vechta, Driverstraße 2, 49377 Vechta, Germany
| | - Johanna Nordheim
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Gellert
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute for Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Invernizzi S, Simoes Loureiro I, Kandana Arachchige KG, Lefebvre L. Late-Life Depression, Cognitive Impairment, and Relationship with Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2022; 50:414-424. [PMID: 34823241 DOI: 10.1159/000519453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review aimed to explore the existing knowledge in order to examine the multiple forms of late-life depression (LLD) within a non-neurodegenerative or a neurodegenerative context, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review will first provide information about different pathogenic hypotheses proposed to describe LLD when it is not linked to a neurodegenerative context. Within the presentation of these syndromes, the literature reports thymic and cognitive specific features and highlights a common preponderance of cognitive impairment, and particularly executive. This review will also report data from research works that have addressed the role of depressive symptoms (DSs) in incidence of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conversion to AD. These findings support the claim that the relationship between DS (or LLD) and the cognitive decline encountered in AD can be of 2 types: (1) risk factor or (2) prodrome. They also support the hypothesis that the effect of DS on the incidence of AD can be identified between specific characteristics of these symptoms such as a very first apparition late in life, an increasing severity of DS, and a poor response to medical treatment. Finally, longitudinal and cross-sectional research will be presented, aiming to identify the predictive value of DS (or LLD) on AD incidence and/or conversion of MCI (and specifically amnestic MCI). This final section shows that specific features of LLD, such as being of early- or late-onset, can be considered as indices of AD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Invernizzi
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Laurent Lefebvre
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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18
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Chi CY, Lee SY, Chao CT, Huang JW. Frailty as an Independent Risk Factor for Depression in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:799544. [PMID: 35242777 PMCID: PMC8885793 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression confers substantial disease burden globally, especially among those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of depression significantly impairs one's quality of life. Risk factors for depression in patients with CKD remain under-appreciated, and whether frailty, a geriatric phenotype, constitutes a risk factor for depression in this population is unknown. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis for >3 months from National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch between 2019 and 2021. Clinical, physical, functional, and performance parameters were recorded, followed by frailty/sarcopenia assessment. Depression was screened for using the Geriatric Depression Scale. We analyzed the independent relationship between frailty and depression in these patients, using multiple regression analyses. Results Totally 151 patients with ESRD were enrolled (mean 61.1 years, 66.9% male), among whom 16.6% had screening-identified depression. ESRD participants with depression did not differ from those without regarding most parameters except serum creatinine, functional indices, and sarcopenia/frailty status. We found that having greater frail severities was independently associated with a higher probability of depression; having FRAIL- (odds ratio [OR] 5.418) and SOF-based (OR 2.858) frailty independently correlated with a higher depression probability. A linear relation exists between a greater frail severity and the probability of depression. Using a more relaxed criterion for detecting depression, higher SOF scores remained significantly associated with an increased depression risk. Conclusions In patients with CKD, frailty independently correlated with a higher probability of having depression. Strategies aiming to attenuate frailty may be able to benefit those with depression simultaneously in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Lee
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan.,Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Brown MJ, Hill NL, Haider MR. Age and gender disparities in depression and subjective cognitive decline-related outcomes. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:48-55. [PMID: 33325263 PMCID: PMC8206234 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1861214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine the association between depression and SCD-related outcomes by age and gender. METHODS Using 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data, crude and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between depression and SCD-related outcomes by age and gender. RESULTS Among respondents 45 to 69, depression was associated with SCD [adjusted OR (aOR): 4.36; 95% CI: 3.24-5.86]; needing assistance with activities due to confusion/memory loss (aOR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.26 - 4.51); needing help with activities and the help is not available (aOR: 4.46; 95% CI: 1.31 - 15.2); and having discussed confusion/memory loss with a health care professional (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.23). However, among respondents 70 and older, depression was associated with SCD (aOR): 3.52; 95% CI: 2.06-6.02); needing help with activities and the help is not available (aOR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01-0.56); confusion/memory loss interfering with work/social activities (aOR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.03-5.79); and having discussed confusion/memory loss with a health care professional (aOR): 2.99; 95% CI: 1.20-7.40). Depression was positively associated with SCD among men (aOR): 3.68; 95% CI: 2.52-5.38) and women (aOR): 4.76; 95% CI: 3.29-6.87; and was positively associated with all SCD-related outcomes among men except for confusion/memory loss interfering with work/social activities and given up chores. Depression was positively associated with the latter among women (aOR): 2.10; 95% CI: 1.09-4.06). DISCUSSION SCD interventions should include assessment of and intervention for depression, and consider age and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Office of the Study on Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nikki L Hill
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Rifat Haider
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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20
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Devita M, De Salvo R, Ravelli A, De Rui M, Coin A, Sergi G, Mapelli D. Recognizing Depression in the Elderly: Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Management. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2867-2880. [PMID: 36514493 PMCID: PMC9741828 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s347356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mood disorders in the late-life population and is associated with poor quality of life and increased morbidity, disability and mortality. Nevertheless, in older adults, it often remains undetected and untreated. This narrative review aims at giving an overview on the main definitions, clinical manifestations, risk and protective factors for depression in the elderly, and at discussing the main reasons for its under/misdiagnosis, such as cognitive decline and their overlapping symptomatology. A practical approach for the global and multidisciplinary care of the older adult with depression, derived from cross-checking evidence emerging from the literature with everyday clinical experience, is thus provided, as a short and flexible "pocket" guide to orient clinicians in recognizing, diagnosing and treating depression in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Devita
- Department of General Psychology (DPG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rossella De Salvo
- Department of General Psychology (DPG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Adele Ravelli
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina De Rui
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coin
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology (DPG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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21
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Wang ST, Ni GX. Depression in Osteoarthritis: Current Understanding. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:375-389. [PMID: 35237034 PMCID: PMC8883119 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s346183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, one of the most common comorbidities with osteoarthritis (OA), affects patient prognosis and quality of life. It also increases the overall burden of disease. This subgroup of patients has not been effectively managed in clinical settings. The study aimed to direct physicians' attention to the co-occurrence of depression and OA. Therefore, this review summarizes the relevant literature published over the past 10 years. The focus is on the prevalence of and risk factors for depression in OA, the effects of depression on OA development and treatment response, comorbidity mechanisms, screening, and non-pharmacological treatment. The research on the etiology of depression has been driven largely by epidemiological studies. Recent studies have shown that high levels of pain, poor levels of function, high numbers of OA sites, and slow gait might be associated with depression. However, the pathophysiology of OA and depression comorbidities remains unclear. In addition to immune inflammation and structural changes in the brain, which have been documented in brain imaging studies, psychosocial factors may also play a role. The evidence indicates that depression can be treated with early intervention; however, adjustments may need to be made for individuals with comorbid depression in OA. It is recommended that health care providers pay more attention to depressive symptoms in patients with OA. Clinicians should develop and implement an individualized and comprehensive treatment plan for patients based on a mental health assessment and in teams with other professionals to optimize treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Tao Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guo-Xin Ni, Tel +86-10-62989780, Fax +86-10-62989670, Email
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22
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Basavaraju R, Feng X, France J, Huey ED, Provenzano FA. Depression Is Associated With Preserved Cortical Thickness Relative to Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:78-88. [PMID: 33030106 PMCID: PMC8026775 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720964258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the differential neuroanatomical substrates underlying apathy and depression in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD). METHODS T1-MRIs and clinical data of patients with behavioral and aphasic variants of FTD were obtained from an open database. Cortical thickness was derived, its association with apathy severity and difference between the depressed and not depressed were examined with appropriate covariates. RESULTS Apathy severity was significantly associated with cortical thinning of the lateral parts of the right sided frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The right sided orbitofrontal, parsorbitalis and rostral anterior cingulate cortex were thicker in depressed compared to patients not depressed. CONCLUSIONS Greater thickness of right sided ventromedial and inferior frontal cortex in depression compared to patients without depression suggests a possible requisite of gray matter in this particular area for the manifestation of depression in FTD. This study demonstrates a method for deriving neuroanatomical patterns across non-harmonized neuroimaging data in a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshathi Basavaraju
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinyang Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanelle France
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward D. Huey
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, and the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, and the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. Feng is now with Research Scientist at Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Frank A. Provenzano
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Brown G, Du G, Farace E, Lewis MM, Eslinger PJ, McInerney J, Kong L, Li R, Huang X, De Jesus S. Subcortical Iron Accumulation Pattern May Predict Neuropsychological Outcomes After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:851-863. [PMID: 34974437 PMCID: PMC9181238 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychological outcomes after deep brain stimulation (DBS) are variable and may arise from the heterogeneous neuropathological processes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To explore if brain iron accumulation patterns and its region-specific alterations relate to neuropsychological outcomes post-DBS. METHODS: Thirty-two PD subjects were identified from our database with susceptibility MRI prior to bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS between 2011–2016. Demographic (age, sex, education), clinical information (disease duration, neuropsychological scores), and R2* (susceptibility MRI measure reflecting iron) in 11 subcortical regions of interest were obtained. Neuropsychological outcomes were defined as changes in psychomotor speed, executive function, attention, memory, and depression by subtracting pre- and post-DBS scores. A penalized logistic analysis was used to identify the best pre-DBS clinical and R2* predictors for each neuropsychological domain. Pearson’s partial correlations explored R2* associations with neuropsychological outcomes. RESULTS: Combined clinical and MRI metrics were associated better with neuropsychological outcomes (R2≥0.373, p-value≤0.008) than either alone. Adding R2* metrics increased prediction of executive function (R2=0.455, p=0.008) and attention (R2=0.182, p=0.018) outcomes over clinical metrics alone. Specifically, R2* in the substantia nigra, caudate, STN, and hippocampus improved prediction of executive function, and in the putamen for attention. Interestingly, higher caudate R2* correlated with better executive function (p=0.043), whereas higher putamen R2* associated with worsening attention (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Brain iron accumulation patterns, captured by susceptibility MRI, may add value to clinical evaluation in predicting neuropsychological outcomes post-DBS in PD. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and understand the region-specific relationships between iron and DBS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Brown
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elana Farace
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James McInerney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sol De Jesus
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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24
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The effects of leisure time physical activity on depression among older women depend on intensity and frequency. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:822-830. [PMID: 34706452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial for late-life depression (LLD). The main purpose of this study was to estimate the associations between LTPA parameters (intensity, duration, frequency) and LLD. METHODS Through the 2018 Women Health Needs Survey, data on 1,892 women aged 55-70 in Hunan, China, were studied. Depression was measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Self-reported LTPA parameters were collected. Binary logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (OR) for LTPA for predicting depression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the effect of missing values. RESULTS Moderate LTPA volume (OR = 0.582, p = 0.027, 95% CI [0.360-0.941] for 150-299 min/week and OR = 0.392, p = 0.002, 95% CI [0.215-0.714] for ≥300 min/week) was associated with reduced depression, while vigorous LTPA could increase the risk (OR = 2.414, p = 0.029, 95% CI [1.095-5.325] for <75 min/week and OR = 3.824, p = 0.007, 95% CI [1.439-10.158] for ≥75 min/week). Frequent (6-7 days/week), moderate LTPA had a lower risk (OR = 0.570, p = 0.021, 95% CI [0.353-0.918]), while frequent (≥3 days/week), vigorous LTPA increased the risk (OR = 5.103, p = 0.001, 95% CI [1.977-13.172]). The adjusted relationship between the duration and depression was not observed. The results were supported by the sensitivity analysis based on missing value replacement. LIMITATIONS In this cross-sectional study, LTPA data were self-reported and no data on light LTPA were collected. CONCLUSIONS Moderate LTPA, associated with mental health benefits, should be recommended for older women instead of vigorous LTPA.
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25
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Lopez AO, Martinez MN, Garcia JM, Kunik ME, Medina LD. Self-report depression screening measures for older Hispanic/Latin American adults: A PRISMA systematic review. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:1-9. [PMID: 34252863 PMCID: PMC8410643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing depression symptoms in Hispanic/Latin American (H/Ls) older adults, a group at high risk for depression, is nuanced due to the influence of cultural characteristics in symptom expression and manifestation. Little is known about the psychometric properties of available measures when used with this population. METHODS We conducted a two-stage systematic review of available depression assessment tools. We first identified self-report measures designed for use with adults. We then identified studies where at least one of such measures was used with older H/Ls that reported psychometric properties for the measure(s) used. RESULTS Only 3 measures were identified for use with older H/Ls: the BDI, GDS, and CES-D. However, few data were found to support the validity of the BDI, and the CES-D was not consistently valid across cultural groups. The GDS was found appropriate, though its performance varied based on race/ethnicity, nationality, and cutoff scores. The CES-D and GDS also demonstrated varying psychometric properties based on study setting (research versus clinical) and target population (inpatient psychiatric patients versus community-dwelling individuals). LIMITATIONS The number of articles that met criteria for inclusion in our review was small, and there was variation among samples of the few studies included. CONCLUSIONS Currently available self-report depression screening measures have acceptable applicability among older H/Ls, but their utility may vary based on their intended use. Modified cutoff scores may be beneficial in maximizing the utility of these measures when given to diverse older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ochoa Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Joshua M Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark E Kunik
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luis D Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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26
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Ehrenkranz R, Rosso AL, Sprague BN, Tian Q, Gmelin T, Bohnen N, Simonsick EM, Glynn NW, Rosano C. Functional correlates of self-reported energy levels in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2787-2795. [PMID: 33751489 PMCID: PMC8531104 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of fatigue on health in older age are well studied, yet little is known about the clinical relevance of energy perception. AIMS To explore cross-sectional associations of self-reported energy with physical and mental health metrics in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. METHODS Participants rated their energy from 0 to 10; the outcome was energy dichotomized at the median (≥ 7 = higher energy). Four domains were assessed: depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale); physical performance (function: usual and rapid gait speed; fitness: 400-m walk time); physical activity (casual walking, walking for exercise, and intense exercise); and cognitive function (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Digit Symbol Substitution Test). Covariates bivariately associated with energy entered a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics, chronic conditions, and strength. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, physical performance and activity, but not cognition, were bivariately associated with energy (p < 0.0005). Younger age, male sex, greater strength, and absence of chronic conditions predicted higher energy (p < 0.001). In a multivariable model, depressive symptoms [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 95% CI 0.69 (0.62, 0.76)] and 400-m walk times [aOR = 0.81 (0.72, 0.91)] were inversely associated with energy; usual and rapid gait speed [aOR = 1.3 (1.2, 1.4); aOR = 1.2 (1.1-1.4)], and time spent in intense exercise [aOR = 1.4 (1.1-1.7)] were positively associated with energy. DISCUSSION In this cohort with a range of chronic conditions and fatigue, perceiving higher energy levels may reflect better emotional and physical health. CONCLUSION Energy should be considered in multidimensional clinical assessments of older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ehrenkranz
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Briana N Sprague
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qu Tian
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Gmelin
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolaas Bohnen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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DeSouza DD, Robin J, Gumus M, Yeung A. Natural Language Processing as an Emerging Tool to Detect Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:719125. [PMID: 34552519 PMCID: PMC8450440 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.719125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a major public health concern. Despite the availability of effective treatments for depression, barriers to screening and diagnosis still exist. The use of current standardized depression assessments can lead to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis due to subjective symptom reporting and the distinct cognitive, psychomotor, and somatic features of LLD. To overcome these limitations, there has been a growing interest in the development of objective measures of depression using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as natural language processing (NLP). NLP approaches focus on the analysis of acoustic and linguistic aspects of human language derived from text and speech and can be integrated with machine learning approaches to classify depression and its severity. In this review, we will provide rationale for the use of NLP methods to study depression using speech, summarize previous research using NLP in LLD, compare findings to younger adults with depression and older adults with other clinical conditions, and discuss future directions including the use of complementary AI strategies to fully capture the spectrum of LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anthony Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Zhai K, Dilawar A, Yousef MS, Holroyd S, El-Hammali H, Abdelmonem M. Virtual Reality Therapy for Depression and Mood in Long-Term Care Facilities. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:58. [PMID: 34199801 PMCID: PMC8293126 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) describes a family of technologies which immerse users in sensorily-stimulating virtual environments. Such technologies have increasingly found applications in the treatment of neurological and mental health disorders. Depression, anxiety, and other mood abnormalities are of concern in the growing older population-especially those who reside in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The transition from the familiar home environment to the foreign LTCF introduces a number of stressors that can precipitate depression. However, recent studies reveal that VR therapy (VRT) can promote positive emotionality and improve cognitive abilities in older people, both at home and in LTCFs. VR thus holds potential in allowing older individuals to gradually adapt to their new environments-thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of place attachment and social exclusion. Nevertheless, while the current psychological literature is promising, the implementation of VR in LTCFs faces many challenges. LTCF residents must gain trust in VR technologies, care providers require training to maximize the positive effects of VRT, and decision makers must evaluate both the opportunities and obstacles in adopting VR. In this review article, we concisely discuss the implications of depression related to place attachment in LTCFs, and explore the potential therapeutic applications of VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (A.D.); (M.S.Y.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Azwa Dilawar
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (A.D.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Mohammad S. Yousef
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (A.D.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Sean Holroyd
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Haithem El-Hammali
- VCU School of the Arts in Qatar, Virginia Commonwealth University, Doha P.O. Box 8095, Qatar
| | - Marwa Abdelmonem
- VCU School of the Arts in Qatar, Virginia Commonwealth University, Doha P.O. Box 8095, Qatar
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Wei YC, Huang LY, Lin C, Shyu YC, Chen CK. Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire and AD8 Questionnaire for Screening Late-Life Depression in Communities. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:747-755. [PMID: 33727818 PMCID: PMC7955745 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s298233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents with emotional and somatic symptoms and sometimes subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs). This study developed a collaborative method to integrate SCC assessment for evaluating late-life MDD. METHODS Residents aged >50 years in the Community Medicine Research Center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan during 2017-2018 were prospectively recruited in this study. The participants were asked to report their depressive tendency and SCCs using the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) and the AD8, respectively, and were administered psychiatric evaluation through the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The participants were divided into elderly (age≥65 years) and older adult (age 50-65) groups. The MDD predictive powers were assessed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. RESULTS Of the 118 enrolled participants (mean age: 64.81±4.99, female-to-male ratio: 1.62), 9, 21, and 88 were categorized as those with current MDD, past MDD, and non-MDD on the basis of the MINI results, respectively. After adjustments for age, sex, and sleep quality, the TDQ score (odds ratio: 1.152, p=0.003) and AD8 score (odds ratio: 1.710, p=0.020) were used individually to predict current MDD. Overall, the TDQ individually predicted current MDD well with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.835 (p=0.001). However, in the elderly group (N=63), the TDQ score did not identify current MDD well (AUC: 0.780, p=0.063). After co-considering SCCs, the linear combination of the sum of the TDQ score and four folds of the AD8 score could effectively distinguished elderly people with current MDD from those without it (AUC: 0.875, p=0.013)-with the cutoff of the aforementioned combined score being ≥32. CONCLUSION The self-reported response to the TDQ is a feasible approach of identifying MDD in community-dwelling people. Combining TDQ and AD8 scores further improved depression detection in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Wei
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Huang
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chemin Lin
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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30
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Cichoń E, Kiejna A, Kokoszka A, Gondek TM, Radzio R, Jastrzębski A, Andrzejewska BE, Alosaimi FD, Lloyd CE, Sartorius N. People with diabetes need a lower cut-off than others for depression screening with PHQ-9. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240209. [PMID: 33095779 PMCID: PMC7584169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Polish version of the PHQ-9 in detecting major depression (MDD) and ‘MDD and/or dysthymia’ in people with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods Participants were randomly selected from a diabetes outpatient facility (N = 216) and from among patients admitted to a medical center and psychiatric hospital (N = 99). The participants completed the PHQ-9. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used to identify the presence of psychiatric symptoms. The optimal cut-offs for PHQ-9 in people with and without type 2 diabetes were investigated based on two methods: 1) Youden’s index which identifies cut-off points useful in scientific research; 2) a second method of two-stage screening for depressive disorders to provide guidance for clinical practice. Results The Polish version of the PHQ-9 is a reliable and valid screening tool for depression in people with and without type 2 diabetes. An optimal cut-off of ≥ 7 was indicated by Youden’s index and ≥ 5 by the two-stage method for screening for MDD and ‘MDD and/or dysthymia’ in the group with type 2 diabetes. A cut-off of ≥ 11 was optimal for screening for both MDD and ‘MDD and/or dysthymia’ among people without diabetes (Youden’s index). The two-stage approach suggested a ≥ 10 score for screening for MDD and ≥ 9 for screening for ‘MDD and/or dysthymia’ in people without diabetes. Conclusions A lower cut-off score of the PHQ-9 is recommended for people with type 2 diabetes as compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Cichoń
- Department of Psychology, WSB University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology Research Unit for Public Health, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrzej Kiejna
- Department of Psychology, WSB University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology Research Unit for Public Health, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kokoszka
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Gondek
- Specialty Training Section, Polish Psychiatric Association, Wrocław, Poland
- Section on Education, World Psychiatric Association, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Radzio
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Beata E. Andrzejewska
- Department of Psychology, WSB University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology Research Unit for Public Health, University of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Fahad D. Alosaimi
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cathy E. Lloyd
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Balsamo M, Carlucci L. Italians on the Age of COVID-19: The Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Through Web-Based Survey. Front Psychol 2020; 11:569276. [PMID: 33178074 PMCID: PMC7596268 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the Italian community. The widespread use of quarantine had the desired impact of controlling the epidemic, although it caused many psychological consequences. To date, compliance of the Italian public with voluntary home quarantine has been very high, but little is known about the impact of psychological health on sociodemographic categories during the quarantine. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in specific sociodemographic categories during the COVID-19 quarantine lockdown and the potential factors that contribute to, or mitigate, these effects. In the very early stage of the nationwide lockdown, 3,672 quarantined Italian adult residents (65% females, ranging from 18 to 85 years) participated in a web-based cross-sectional survey, including measures of depressive symptoms, which were measured by the Teate depression inventory, and state anxiety levels. The overall prevalence was 27.8% for moderate and 9.3% for severe levels of depressive symptoms. A generalized logistic model was used to identify the factors associated with mental health problems. Among these factors, sociodemographic variables (e.g., sex, age, employment status) and adherence to quarantine guidelines were analyzed. Females, younger people, students, singles, residents in northern Italy, people who were reluctant to adhere to quarantine guidelines, and people less worried about being infected with COVID-19 were at high risk of developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic, also after controlling for state anxiety. These findings showed that public levels of depressive symptoms did not increase the greater likelihood of being infected. Our study suggested that the monitoring of psychological outcomes for outbreaks could identify groups at higher risk of psychological morbidities due to the current pandemic in order to target future psychological interventions for implementation.
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Zhou Y, Xu J, Rief W. Are comparisons of mental disorders between Chinese and German students possible? An examination of measurement invariance for the PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and GAD-7. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:480. [PMID: 33004042 PMCID: PMC7531122 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is one of the most commonly used instruments to assess mental disorders. However, research on its cross-cultural measurement invariance is not yet sufficient. This study examined the measurement invariance of the Chinese and German versions of the PHQ's somatic symptom severity scale (PHQ-15), depressive symptom severity scale (PHQ-9) and seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale as a prerequisite for their use in cross-cultural comparisons. METHODS We used online data collected from groups of Chinese students in China (n = 413) and German students in Germany (n = 416). Separate measurement models for each group were examined using confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance testing was conducted to test the cross-cultural equivalence. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 had partial scalar measurement invariance, but the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the PHQ-15 could not be confirmed. Comparisons of latent means did not indicate differences in the levels of depression and anxiety symptoms between Chinese and German samples. CONCLUSION The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 can be used in cross-cultural comparison of prevalence, but the intercultural use of PHQ-15 is more problematic. Findings are discussed from intercultural and methodological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jing Xu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Marxism, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Winfried Rief
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Zarghami M, Taghizadeh F, Moosazadeh M, Kheradmand M, Heydari K. Validity of self-reporting depression in the Tabari cohort study population. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:342-347. [PMID: 32951353 PMCID: PMC7722659 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To detect depression, we compared BDI‐II scoring as a valid tool with participants' self‐reporting depression. Methods The sample size was determined to include 155 participants with positive self‐reporting of depression in a total of 1300 samples with 310 healthy participants were included in the study through random selection. In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of self‐reporting, BDI‐II was completed by blind interviewing to the case group as well as to another group who reported that they were not depressed, as control. Results Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive, false negative, positive, and negative predictive values of self‐reporting were calculated 58.4%, 79.1%,73.4%, 20.8%, 41.6%, 51.8%, and 83.2% for the total population, respectively, as well as, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive values of self‐report in males were 83.3%, 77.2%, 77.1%, 43.8%, and 95.6% and 53.7%, 78.1%, 71.2%, 49.2%, and 81.1% for females, respectively. Conclusion The positive predictive value and sensitivity of self‐reporting are insufficient in total population and females, and therefore self‐reporting cannot detect depressed patients, but regarding to its average positive predictive value, perhaps, it can be used to identify nondepressant individuals. The positive predictive value and sensitivity of self‐reporting are insufficient in total population and females, and therefore self‐reporting cannot detect depressed patients, but regarding its average positive predictive value, perhaps, it can be used to identify nondepressant individuals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Zarghami
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahhareh Kheradmand
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Keyvan Heydari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) is a norm-referenced scale which enjoys widespread use a screener for anxiety disorders. However, recent research (Dunstan DA and Scott N, Depress Res Treat 2018:9250972, 2018) has questioned whether the existing cut-off for identifying the presence of a disorder might be lower than ideal. METHOD The current study explored this issue by examining sensitivity and specificity figures against diagnoses made on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in clinical and community samples. The community sample consisted of 210 participants recruited to be representative of the Australian adult population. The clinical sample consisted of a further 141 adults receiving treatment from a mental health professional for some form of anxiety disorder. RESULTS Mathematical formulas, including Youden's Index and the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, applied to positive PHQ diagnoses (presence of a disorder) from the clinical sample and negative PHQ diagnoses (absence of a disorder) from the community sample suggested that the ideal cut-off point lies between the current and original points recommended by Zung. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of prevalence rates and of the potential costs of false negative and false positive diagnoses, suggests that, while the current cut-off of 36 might be appropriate in the context of clinical screening, the original raw score cut-off of 40 would be most appropriate when the SAS is used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Dunstan
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Psychology University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Ned Scott
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Psychology University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
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Dai HL, Yu ZB, You LQ, Fan MH, Zhu HW, Jiang DJ, Wu MY, Lin SJ, Zhang XC, Chen K. Association between social health status and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling elderly adults in Zhejiang Province, China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:910-919. [PMID: 31595727 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental disorders of the elderly population in China deserve attention. Social health is significantly associated with depression. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of depressive symptoms and to test the relationships between social health and depressive symptoms among a large sample of community-dwelling elderly adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or above in Zhejiang Province, China. Face-to-face interviews were used to complete a structured questionnaire for all participants. We used the Social Health Scale for the Elderly (SHSE) to evaluate social health status and used the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale to evaluate depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social health status and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the total of 3757 participants included, 1887 (50.23%) were female, and the mean±standard deviation (SD) age was (70.0±8.3) years. The rate of depressive symptoms was 25.92%. The social health score was higher in non-depressed participants than in depressed participants (raw score 50.7 vs. 48.3, P<0.001). Participants with "moderate" or "good" social health had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with "poor" social health (odds ratio (OR)=0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.66 for moderate social health; OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.60 for good social health). The association between social health and depressive symptoms was consistent across several subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Social health is significantly inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The SHSE may serve as an efficient screener to identify those elderly adults with social health deficits, but systematic assessment to guide intervention merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Dai
- Department of Family Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhe-Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liu-Qing You
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min-Hua Fan
- Community Health Service Center of Kaixuan, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- Community Health Service Center of Kaixuan, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Dan-Jie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng-Yin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Juan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Cancer Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Balsamo M, Carlucci L, Innamorati M, Lester D, Pompili M. Further Insights Into the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS): Unidimensionality Among Psychiatric Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32848911 PMCID: PMC7411257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short versions of the Beck Hopelessness Scale have all been created according the Classical Test Theory, but the use and the application of this theory has been repeatedly criticized. In the current study, the Item Response Theory approach was employed to refine and shorten the BHS in order to build a reasonably coherent unidimensional scale whose items/symptoms can be treated as ordinal indicators of the theoretical concept of hopelessness, scaled along a single continuum. In a sample of 492 psychiatrically hospitalized, adult patients (51.2% females), predominantly with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder type II, the BHS was submitted to Mokken Scale Analysis. A final set of the nine best-fitting items satisfied the assumptions of local independency, monotonicity, and invariance of the item ordering. Using the ROC curve method, the IRT-based 9-item BHS showed good discriminant validity in categorizing psychiatric inpatients with high/medium suicidal risk and patients with and without suicide attempts. With high sensitivity (>.90), this newly developed scale could be used as a valid screening tool for suicidal risk assessment in psychiatric inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università Europea di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - David Lester
- Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Balsamo M, Saggino A, Carlucci L. Tailored Screening for Late-Life Depression: A Short Version of the Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E). Front Psychol 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31866900 PMCID: PMC6906150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of assessment instruments have been developed as efficacy measures of geriatric depression in clinical trials but most showed several weaknesses, such as time-consuming administration, development and validation in younger populations, and lack of discrimination between anxiety and depression. Among the extant self-report measures of depression, the 21-item Teate Depression Inventory (TDI; Balsamo and Saggino, 2013), developed via Rasch analysis, showed a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy, and allowed the reduction of false positives in test scoring in adult population. The present study explored the potential improvement in the psychometric performance of the TDI in the elderly by item refinement through Rasch analysis in a sample of 836 elderly people (49.5% males; mean age = 73.28; SD = 6.56). A resulting shorter version was composed of the best-fitting and discriminative nine items from the full form. The Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E) (E for elderly) presented good internal construct validity, with unidimensional structure, local dependency, good reliability (person separation index and Cronbach's alpha), and no signs of differential item functioning or measurement bias due to gender and age (65 vs. 75+ years). Cut-off points and normative data provided could enhance the clinical usefulness of the TDI-E, which seems to be a promising valid and reliable tool for the screening of geriatric depression, with less risk of finding false positives due to overlapping of depression in elderly with other comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Burke AD, Goldfarb D, Bollam P, Khokher S. Diagnosing and Treating Depression in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Ther 2019; 8:325-350. [PMID: 31435870 PMCID: PMC6858899 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-019-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cognitive and functional impairment are the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with AD account for increased rates of disability and profoundly impact the quality of life of both patients and their caregivers. This narrative review of current evidence provides practical guidance in diagnosing and managing depression in patients with AD using pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. After apathy, depression is the second most common neuropsychiatric symptom in AD. Diagnosing late-life depression (LLD), particularly in those affected by AD, is complicated because older patients may not meet the criteria for a major depressive disorder. Clinically, late-life depression and dementia can be indistinguishable. Although these two entities are now thought to be related, the pathologic mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence suggests that LLD may be a prodromal symptom of neurodegenerative disease. The various geropsychiatric measures currently used to diagnose, rate the severity of, and monitor the progress of treatment for depression are imperfect. Neuroimaging represents a promising avenue toward understanding the complex pathophysiologic relationships between dementia and LLD, and will support the pursuit of biomarker-driven diagnosis and treatment. Nonpharmacologic interventions to relieve depression in persons with cognitive impairment and dementia include emotion-oriented therapies, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral modification programs, and structured activity programs. Sensory-stimulation therapies and multisensory approaches show some promise for successfully treating depression in patients with dementia, but further rigorous research is needed to establish their validity. Clinical consensus and research appear to support selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a first choice for the pharmacological treatment of depression in patients with dementia. However, initial support for these therapies remains variable, and further investigation is needed. Extra care is required in prescribing to this population because of the generally high level of medical and psychiatric comorbidity and the potential difficulty in assessing the cognitively impaired patient's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Burke
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | | | - Padmaja Bollam
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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Kim H, Lee S, Lee S, Hong S, Kang H, Kim N. Depression Prediction by Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Actiwatch Data, and Machine Learning: Observational Study on Older Adults Living Alone. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14149. [PMID: 31621642 PMCID: PMC6913579 DOI: 10.2196/14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although geriatric depression is prevalent, diagnosis using self-reporting instruments has limitations when measuring the depressed mood of older adults in a community setting. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) by using wearable devices could be used to collect data to classify older adults into depression groups. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict the classification of depression groups among older adults living alone. We focused on utilizing diverse data collected through a survey, an Actiwatch, and an EMA report related to depression. METHODS The prediction model using machine learning was developed in 4 steps: (1) data collection, (2) data processing and representation, (3) data modeling (feature engineering and selection), and (4) training and validation to test the prediction model. Older adults (N=47), living alone in community settings, completed an EMA to report depressed moods 4 times a day for 2 weeks between May 2017 and January 2018. Participants wore an Actiwatch that measured their activity and ambient light exposure every 30 seconds for 2 weeks. At baseline and the end of the 2-week observation, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Korean versions of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS). Conventional classification based on binary logistic regression was built and compared with 4 machine learning models (the logit, decision tree, boosted trees, and random forest models). RESULTS On the basis of the SGDS-K and K-HDRS, 38% (18/47) of the participants were classified into the probable depression group. They reported significantly lower scores of normal mood and physical activity and higher levels of white and red, green, and blue (RGB) light exposures at different degrees of various 4-hour time frames (all P<.05). Sleep efficiency was chosen for modeling through feature selection. Comparing diverse combinations of the selected variables, daily mean EMA score, daily mean activity level, white and RGB light at 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm exposure, and daily sleep efficiency were selected for modeling. Conventional classification based on binary logistic regression had a good model fit (accuracy: 0.705; precision: 0.770; specificity: 0.859; and area under receiver operating characteristic curve or AUC: 0.754). Among the 4 machine learning models, the logit model had the best fit compared with the others (accuracy: 0.910; precision: 0.929; specificity: 0.940; and AUC: 0.960). CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for developing a machine learning program to predict the classification of depression groups in older adults living alone. Clinicians should consider using this method to identify underdiagnosed subgroups and monitor daily progression regarding treatment or therapeutic intervention in the community setting. Furthermore, more efforts are needed for researchers and clinicians to diversify data collection methods by using a survey, EMA, and a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - SangEun Lee
- Health-IT Acceleration Platform Technology Innovation Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyun Hong
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Namhee Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Association between social asymmetry and depression in older adults: A phone Call Detail Records analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13524. [PMID: 31534178 PMCID: PMC6751210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing social interactions on a passive and non-invasive way through the use of phone call detail records (CDRs) is now recognized as a promising approach in health monitoring. However, deeper investigations are required to confirm its relevance in social interaction modeling. Particularly, no clear consensus exists in the use of the direction parameter characterizing the directed nature of interactions in CDRs. In the present work, we specifically investigate, in a 26-older-adults population over 12 months, whether and how this parameter could be used in CDRs analysis. We then evaluate its added-value for depression assessment regarding the Geriatric Depression Scale score assessed within our population during the study. The results show the existence of three clusters of phone call activity named (1) proactive, (2) interactive, and (3) reactive. Then, we introduce the notion of asymmetry that synthesizes these activities. We find significant correlations between asymmetry and the depressive state assessed in the older individual. Particularly, (1) reactive users are more depressed than the others, and (2) not depressed older adults tend to be proactive. Taken together, the present findings suggest the phone’s potential to be used as a social sensor containing relevant health-related insights when the direction parameter is considered.
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Dening KH. Differentiating between dementia, delirium and depression in older people. Nurs Stand 2019; 35:43-50. [PMID: 31762251 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2019.e11361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Older people can find hospital stays challenging and distressing. When their presenting symptoms make it challenging for healthcare professionals to differentiate between dementia, delirium and depression, their experience may be increasingly distressing, and can result in delays in diagnosis and treatment, as well as an increased risk of morbidity. This article considers each of the conditions of dementia, delirium and depression, their presenting features and how nurses can differentiate between them to enable comprehensive assessment, diagnosis and treatment in older people.
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An MH, Park SS, You SC, Park RW, Park B, Woo HK, Kim HK, Son SJ. Depressive Symptom Network Associated With Comorbid Anxiety in Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31824354 PMCID: PMC6880658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Psychiatrists have been reporting worsened depression symptoms and prognosis by comorbid anxiety symptoms. However, it is still unclear how anxiety affects the course of depression in the elderly. The aims of this study are (1) to identify the symptom network in late-life depression (LLD), and (2) to examine the role of anxiety in LLD with a network perspective. Methods: The study analyzed 776 community-based participants who were clinically diagnosed with depression and enrolled in Suwon Geriatric Mental Health Center. Network analysis was used to investigate the relationships between the symptoms of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The depression sample was divided into groups of low and high anxiety according to the Beck Anxiety Index. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize the effects of depression severity on the network. Network comparison test (NCT) were carried out to compare the global connectivity, global strength, and specific edge strength between the two subgroups. Results: Reported sadness, pessimistic thinking, and suicidal ideation are the core symptoms of LLD in terms of node strength. The MADRS sum score [mean (SD) 28.10 (9.19) vs 20.08 (7.11); P < .01] was much higher in the high anxiety group. The NCT before PSM showed the high anxiety group had significantly higher global strength (P < .01). However, the NCT after PSM did not reveal any statistical significance both in global structure (P = .46) and global strength (P = .26). A comparison between centrality indices showed a higher node strength of vegetative symptoms in the high anxiety group and this also remained after PSM. Conclusion: Based on the statistical analysis, anxiety worsens the severity of depression in the elderly. However, NCT after PSM revealed comorbid anxiety does not change the global structure and strength of the depression symptom network. Therefore, anxiety may affect LLD in a way of worsening the severity, rather than changing psychopathology. Additionally, the study revealed the centrality of vegetative symptoms was low in LLD but increased substantially in patients with comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho An
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Seng Chan You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Han Ki Kim
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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