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Saavedra D, Añé-Kourí AL, Barzilai N, Caruso C, Cho KH, Fontana L, Franceschi C, Frasca D, Ledón N, Niedernhofer LJ, Pereira K, Robbins PD, Silva A, Suarez GM, Berghe WV, von Zglinicki T, Pawelec G, Lage A. Aging and chronic inflammation: highlights from a multidisciplinary workshop. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:25. [PMID: 37291596 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual, continuous series of natural changes in biological, physiological, immunological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social processes. Aging entails changes in the immune system characterized by a decrease in thymic output of naïve lymphocytes, an accumulated chronic antigenic stress notably caused by chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), and immune cell senescence with acquisition of an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). For this reason, and due to the SASP originating from other tissues, aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation, termed "inflammaging". After decades of accumulating evidence regarding age-related processes and chronic inflammation, the domain now appears mature enough to allow an integrative reinterpretation of old data. Here, we provide an overview of the topics discussed in a recent workshop "Aging and Chronic Inflammation" to which many of the major players in the field contributed. We highlight advances in systematic measurement and interpretation of biological markers of aging, as well as their implications for human health and longevity and the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Saavedra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ana Laura Añé-Kourí
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nuris Ledón
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Karla Pereira
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexa Silva
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gisela M Suarez
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Ageing Biology Laboratories, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agustín Lage
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, Corner 15, PO Box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
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Chintapula U, Chikate T, Sahoo D, Kieu A, Guerrero Rodriguez ID, Nguyen KT, Trott D. Immunomodulation in age-related disorders and nanotechnology interventions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1840. [PMID: 35950266 PMCID: PMC9840662 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the aging population has increased exponentially around the globe bringing more challenges to improve quality of life in those populations while reducing the economic burden on healthcare systems. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system culminating in detrimental effects such as immune dysfunction, immunosenescence, and chronic inflammation. Age-related decline of immune functions is associated with various pathologies including cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases to name a few. Conventional treatment addresses the onset of age-related diseases by early detection of risk factors, administration of vaccines as preventive care, immunomodulatory treatment, and other dietary supplements. However, these approaches often come with systemic side-effects, low bioavailability of therapeutic agents, and poor outcomes seen in the elderly. Recent innovations in nanotechnology have led to the development of novel biomaterials/nanomaterials, which explore targeted drug delivery and immunomodulatory interactions in vivo. Current nanotechnology-based immunomodulatory approaches that have the potential to be used as therapeutic interventions for some prominent age-related diseases are discussed here. Finally, we explore challenges and future aspects of nanotechnology in the treatments of age-related disorders to improve quality of life in the elderly. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tanmayee Chikate
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Deepsundar Sahoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Amie Kieu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Joint Bioengineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Trott
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Humoral immunoresponse elicited against an adenoviral-based SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccine in elderly patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7193-7205. [PMID: 36152043 PMCID: PMC9550251 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The early sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome allowed for a speedy development of effective vaccines against the virus. Nevertheless, age-related immunosenescence, the inability to mount strong immune responses, still represents a major obstacle. Here, in a group of 149 elderly volunteers (70-96 years old), evolution of the humoral immune response over time to Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), a vaccine based on heterologous recombinant adenovirus-26 (Ad26) and adenovirus-5 (Ad5) carrying the Spike genome, was analyzed by an anti-RBD ELISA. At 28 days post vaccination (dpv), a seroconversion rate of 91% was achieved, showing the importance of administering at least two doses of Gam-COVID-Vac to elicit a robust immune response, especially in elderly individuals without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, IgG specific antibodies that reached their highest titers around 28 dpv (median = 740), persisted without significant decrease after 60 dpv (median = 650). After 90 dpv, IgG titers began to drop, and at 180 dpv only 44.7% of the elderly individuals remained with detectable anti-RBD IgG antibodies. No significant differences were observed in specific humoral immune responses between genders at early times point. However, at 60 dpv anti-RBD titers were more persistent in elderly females, and only dropped at 90 dpv (p < 0.0001). As expected, the highest antibodies titers were elicited in the youngest subgroup (70-74 years). Our results show that Gam-COVID-Vac was able to deal with the ageing of the immune system, eliciting a robust immune response in an elderly cohort, which lasted approximately 90 dpv at high levels, and protected against COVID-19.
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Singh N, Wagener MM. Cytomegalovirus Serostatus and Functional Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients in the Current Era. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081519. [PMID: 34452384 PMCID: PMC8402920 DOI: 10.3390/v13081519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether donor (D+) or recipient (R+) cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with functional impairment in liver transplant recipients is not known. METHODS Patients included adult liver transplant recipients in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database transplanted over a five-year period from 1 January 2014-31 December 2018. Functional status in the database was assessed using Karnofsky performance scale. A logistic regression model that controlled for potential confounders was used to examine the association of CMV serostatus and functional status. Variables significantly associated with functional status (p < 0.05) were then used to develop propensity score and propensity score matched analysis was conducted where each patient was compared with a matched-control with the same propensity score. RESULTS Among 30,267 adult liver transplant recipients, D+ or R+ patients had significantly lower functional status at last follow-up than the D-R- cohort (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96, p = 0.007). In propensity score matched model, D+ or R+ patients had significantly lower functional status than matched-controls (p = 0.009). D+ or R+ CMV serostatus (p = 0.018) and low functional level (p < 0.001) were also independently associated with infections as cause-of-death. CONCLUSIONS D+ or R+ liver transplant recipients had lower functional status and higher risk of deaths due to infections. Future studies are warranted to examine the mechanistic basis of these findings in the setting of transplantation.
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Poloni C, Tsoukas C. Evaluating Immune Dysregulation in Patients With COVID-19 Requires a More Accurate Definition of the CD45RA+ T-cell Phenotype. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:2306-2307. [PMID: 32496544 PMCID: PMC7499531 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chrisos Tsoukas
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Saavedra D, Fuertes SA, Suárez GM, González A, Lorenzo-Luaces P, García B, Aznar E, Mazorra Z, Crombet T, Speiser DE, Lage A. Biomodulina T partially restores immunosenescent CD4 and CD8 T cell compartments in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110633. [PMID: 31207285 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The changes that occur in the immune system with aging are commonly termed immunosenescence. Immunosenescence affects almost all components and functions of the immune response. The most commonly described change is a decrease in numbers and proportions of naïve T cells combined with the increase of terminally differentiated T lymphocytes, mainly affecting CD8+ T cells. The changes in the naïve T cell compartment are principally attributed to thymic involution and lifelong chronic antigen stimulation, among other triggers. Several strategies such as hormonal products, thymic peptides, or cytokines have been proposed for the restoration of the immune system. Here we show the effects of Biomodulina T (BT) on several populations of the immune system when administered to elderly patients diagnosed with recurrent respiratory infections. BT is a polypeptide fraction of bovine thymus, a Cuban product that obtained sanitary registration in 1994 for its immunomodulatory effects. We found that CD4+ naïve T, CD8+ stem cell-like memory (SCM) T, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) T and CD4+ CD31+ naïve T cells increased with the administration of BT, whereas CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD1 decreased after the treatment with BT. Additionally, the proliferative capacity of CD4+ T cells measured by Ki67 expression, and the CD4+ T cell ability to produce IFN-γ were also improved by BT. Moreover, BT did not increase CD4+ Tregs. Altogether, these findings suggest that BT administration is a promising strategy for immune restoration in elderly patients and improvement of immunotherapeutic potential in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danay Saavedra
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Silvia A Fuertes
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gisela M Suárez
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Amnely González
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Patricia Lorenzo-Luaces
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Beatriz García
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Elisa Aznar
- Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Bejucal, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Zaima Mazorra
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tania Crombet
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Agustin Lage
- Clinical Immunology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, 216 St, corner 15, PO box 16040, Atabey, Havana, Cuba
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Bae E, Lee SW, Park S, Kim DK, Lee H, Huh H, Chin HJ, Lee S, Ryu DR, Park JI, Kim S, Park DJ, Kang SW, Kim YS, Oh YK, Kim YC, Lim CS, Park JT, Lee JP. Treatment and clinical outcomes of elderly idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A multicenter cohort study in Korea. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Guha P, Cunetta M, Somasundar P, Espat NJ, Junghans RP, Katz SC. Frontline Science: Functionally impaired geriatric CAR-T cells rescued by increased α5β1 integrin expression. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:201-208. [PMID: 28546503 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5hi0716-322rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor expressing T cells (CAR-T) are a promising form of immunotherapy, but the influence of age-related immune changes on CAR-T production remains poorly understood. We showed that CAR-T cells from geriatric donors (gCAR-T) are functionally impaired relative to CAR-T from younger donors (yCAR-T). Higher transduction efficiencies and improved cell expansion were observed in yCAR-T cells compared with gCAR-T. yCAR-T demonstrated significantly increased levels of proliferation and signaling activation of phosphorylated (p)Erk, pAkt, pStat3, and pStat5. Furthermore, yCAR-T contained higher proportions of CD4 and CD8 effector memory (EM) cells, which are known to have enhanced cytolytic capabilities. Accordingly, yCAR-T demonstrated higher levels of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity compared with gCAR-T. Enhanced tumor killing by yCAR-T correlated with increased levels of perforin and granzyme B. yCAR-T had increased α5β1 integrin expression, a known mediator of retroviral transduction. We found that treatment with M-CSF or TGF-β1 rescued the impaired transduction efficiency of the gCAR-T by increasing the α5β1 integrin expression. Neutralization of α5β1 confirmed that this integrin was indispensable for CAR expression. Our study suggests that the increase of α5β1 integrin expression levels enhances CAR expression and thereby improves tumor killing by gCAR-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Guha
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and
| | - Marissa Cunetta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and
| | - Ponnandai Somasundar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and
| | - N Joseph Espat
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and
| | - Richard P Junghans
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and
| | - Steven C Katz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; and .,Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ageing is not associated with an altered immune response during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Exp Gerontol 2017; 90:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Okusu T, Sato T, Ogata Y, Nagata S, Kozumi K, Kim SH, Yamamoto S, Yamayoshi S. Good's Syndrome Accompanied by Agranulocytosis Following a Rapid Clinical Course. Intern Med 2016; 55:537-40. [PMID: 26935379 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Good's syndrome is an immunodeficiency disease involving thymoma accompanied by hypogammaglobulinemia. We encountered a case of Good's syndrome accompanied by agranulocytosis that followed a rapid clinical course. A 72-year-old man visited our hospital with a two-week history of a sore throat. Candida albicans was detected in the pharynx, and hypogammaglobulinemia was detected in addition to granulocytopenia. The patient subsequently developed septic shock and followed a rapid clinical course which ended in death. Good's syndrome with agranulocytosis was diagnosed at autopsy. Good's syndrome accompanied by agranulocytosis can follow a rapid clinical course and some cases remain asymptomatic until old age. Its prompt treatment is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Okusu
- Department of ER Medical Center, Osaka Police Hospital, Japan
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Bailur JK, Derhovanessian E, Gueckel B, Pawelec G. Prognostic impact of circulating Her-2-reactive T-cells producing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines in elderly breast cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:45. [PMID: 26500775 PMCID: PMC4617728 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treating elderly breast cancer patients remains a challenge but the increasing availability of immunotherapeutic approaches instills optimism that these tumours may also be susceptible to immune control. Because aging leads to a number of alterations in the immune system (“immunosenescence”) reflecting potential exhaustion which could compromise immunomodulatory antibody therapy, here we have assessed the immunocompetence of elderly breast cancer patients compared with a group of younger patients, and related this to the 5-year survival of the former. Methods T-cell responses to Her-2 peptide pools in vitro were assessed by analyzing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in 40 elderly and 35 younger breast cancer patients. Results The proportions of older and younger patients whose peripheral T-cells responded to Her-2 peptides in vitro were found to be similar, although a significantly higher fraction of younger patients possessed IL-2-producing CD4+ Her-2-reactive T-cells than in the elderly (p = 0.03). However, IL-2 production did not impart a survival benefit to the latter. In contrast, there was a survival benefit of possessing Her-2-reactive CD8+ T-cells, but this was abrogated in patients if they also had CD4+ Her-2-responsive T-cells that producedIL-5 and/or IL-17 (p = 0.01). This resulted in a 5-yr survival rate of only 29 % compared to 76 % for patients whose her-2-reactive CD4+ T-cells did not produceIL-5 and/or IL-17. Additionally, patients whose CD8+ T-cells produced TNF had a significantly better survival than those that did not (93 % compared to 52 %, p = 0.01), whereas no survival benefit was attributable to possessing IFN-γ-producing cells. Conclusions Elderly breast cancer patients appear perfectly immunocompetent to respond to Her-2 peptide pools in vitro, with response patterns very similar to younger patients. The nature of this response is associated with 5-year survival of these elderly patients, suggesting that boosting anti-tumor responses and modulating the nature of the T-cell response is likely to be effective even in potentially immunosenescent elderly breast cancer patients, and might be useful for predicting which patients are most likely to benefit from such treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40425-015-0090-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; Present Address: Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; Present Address: BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany
| | - Brigitte Gueckel
- Radiology Clinic, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Waldhoernlestr 22, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany ; School of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Nigar Z, Itrat M. Evaluation of a Unani polyherbal formulation (Tiryaqe wabai) as an immunostimulator in elderly persons. Anc Sci Life 2014; 33:119-22. [PMID: 25284946 PMCID: PMC4171853 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.139054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Elderly subjects have a dysregulation of immune response mainly due to the changes in cell - mediated immunity. Due to their weakened immune response, the elderly are at increased risk of infection and related complications. In Unani medicine Tiryaq wabai was used for the prevention of epidemic diseases during outbreaks, but it has not been explored scientifically so far. The study was aimed to evaluate the immune-stimulating effect of Tiryaq wabai in elderly. Materials and Methods: A randomized placebo controlled trial was conducted at National Institute of Unani Medicine Hospital, Bangalore. Thirty immunocompromised elderly persons were selected on the basis of clinical examination considering parameters like history of recurrent infection, unexplained weight loss, persistent diarrhea etc. They were randomly assigned, 20 in test and 10 in the control group. Tiryaq wabai was given to test group 500 mg orally thrice in a week for 45 days. Placebo was given orally to the control group at a dose of 500 mg thrice in a week for 45 days. Response was assessed by total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), CD4 and CD8 count. The results were analyzed statistically using Graph Pad InStat 3. Results: The test drug showed statistically significant increase in TLC (P < 0.001), lymphocyte percentage (P < 0.001),ALC (P < 0.001), CD4 count (P < 0.001) in comparison to control group, but increase in CD8 count was not statistically significant. No major adverse effect was observed throughout the study. Conclusion: The findings outlined above indicate immune- stimulating activity of Tiryaq wabai and supports its use in conditions where immunostimulation is required and thus is suggestive of therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zar Nigar
- Departments of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tib National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Malik Itrat
- Departments of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tib National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yaguchi Y, Komura T, Kashima N, Tamura M, Kage-Nakadai E, Saeki S, Terao K, Nishikawa Y. Influence of oral supplementation with sesamin on longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans and the host defense. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1659-68. [PMID: 24549958 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutritional control has been proposed as a potential therapy for slowing the senescence of immune function and decreasing mortality. This study investigated whether sesamin could modify host defense systems and extend the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. METHODS Nematodes were fed standard food (the bacterium Escherichia coli strain OP50) supplemented with various doses of sesamin/γ-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds starting from young adulthood. The mean lifespan, muscle function, lipofuscin accumulation, protein carbonyl content, and stress resistance of the worms were examined. Then, C. elegans mutants harboring loss-of-function lesions in longevity- and host defense-related signaling pathways were supplemented with sesamin to identify the genes involved in the longevity effects. RESULTS Worms supplemented with sesamin displayed higher locomotion and prolongevity and produced offspring at levels similar to unsupplemented control animals. The growth curves of nematodes were similar to those of controls, suggesting that sesamin did not induce prolongevity effects through dietary restriction. Notably, sesamin made the worms more resistant to infection by Legionella pneumophila and more resistant to oxidative stressors such as paraquat and hydrogen peroxide and prolonged the lifespan of a mev-1 mutant that produces abundant superoxide anions. However, the accumulation of protein carbonyls and lipofuscin was similar in sesamin-exposed and control worms, suggesting that sesamin is unlikely to work simply as an antioxidant. Sesamin supplementation failed to extend the lifespan of loss-of-function mutants of daf-2, daf-16, pmk-1, and skn-1. CONCLUSIONS Sesamin enhances the host defense of C. elegans and increases the average lifespan via activation of both skn-1 (encoding a component of the p38 MAPK pathway) and daf-16 (encoding a component of the IGF-1 pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yaguchi
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Martins PNA, Tullius SG, Markmann JF. Immunosenescence and immune response in organ transplantation. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 33:162-73. [PMID: 24127845 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.829469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system undergoes a complex and continuous remodeling with aging. Immunosenescence results into both quantitative and qualitative changes of specific cellular subpopulations that have major impact on allorecognition and alloresponse, and consequently on graft rejection and tolerance. Here, we are going to review the immunological changes associated with the aging process relevant for transplantation. Interventions to selectively target changes associated with the senescence process seem promising therapeutic strategies to improve transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ney Aguiar Martins
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Abstract
The aging U.S. population will approach 20% of the total population by 2030. The number of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease is anticipated to increase accordingly bringing the burden of multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy with drug interactions, the aging immune system, and extended social and financial issues to overall management of an already challenging management of these patients. Each of these concerns is measured by the metric of distinguishing the "fit versus frail" elderly and will be discussed in this review with an emphasis on a practical guide to therapy.
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Lang CL, Wang MH, Hung KY, Chiang CK, Lu KC. Altered molecular repertoire of immune system by renal dysfunction in the elderly: is prediction and targeted prevention in the horizon? EPMA J 2013; 4:17. [PMID: 23800151 PMCID: PMC3728042 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) have impaired cellular and humoral immunity. The percentage of elderly people among the total population in Taiwan is increasing dramatically, and HD is the primary alternative for renal replacement therapy when renal function declines. Activated vitamin D is widely used in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and is a well-known immunomodulatory agent. Personalized medicine and integrative medical approach has been a trend in current clinical practice. Can we improve their immune function using vitamin D in spite of the mineral aspect? Here, we investigated the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and T cell differentiation in chronic HD patients. Methods Forty patients with chronic HD were enrolled. HD patients with SHPT had been treated with activated vitamin D for 3 months. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the patients were cultured and stimulated by mitogens, and T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The incidence of T cell differentiation to the T helper cell (Th)2 subtype was more prevalent in the elderly group than in the controls (p = 0.001). Th2 differentiation was also correlated with age (p = 0.004) and serum 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.05). After treated with activated vitamin D, the level of Th1 cytokines decreased while the Th2 cytokine level increased in the sera (p < 0.05). The T cell differentiation tended toward the Th2 subtype (p = 0.027) after treatment of activated vitamin D in SHPT patients. Conclusions These results demonstrated that Th2 differentiation is correlated with age and the serum 25(OH)D level of patients. Treatment with activated vitamin D influenced T cell differentiation and cytokine expression in SHPT patients. Taking vitamin D is the possible prediction and targeted treatment in the immune dysfunction in chronic HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Lang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yong-He Branch, Taipei 234, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital & School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital & College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital & School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
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Komura T, Ikeda T, Yasui C, Saeki S, Nishikawa Y. Mechanism underlying prolongevity induced by bifidobacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biogerontology 2013; 14:73-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Wong JW, Koo JYM. The safety of systemic treatments that can be used for geriatric psoriasis patients: a review. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012:367475. [PMID: 22685455 PMCID: PMC3368172 DOI: 10.1155/2012/367475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis are often treated with systemic immunosuppressant agents that decrease immune system function. For the elderly, these medications are often problematic due to their already immunosuppressed state and comorbidities. However, there are few studies examining the effects of these medications on the elderly age group. Therefore, there is often discomfort among dermatologists treating elderly patients with psoriasis in utilizing systemic agents, frequently resulting in inadequate treatment. Objective. We review the safety profiles of systemic treatments often used to treat psoriasis and their possible adverse risks to the geriatric population. Methods. We conducted a search of PubMed's Medline database of articles published from 2000 to 2011, which resulted in 14 articles. Conclusion. Treating geriatric patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis remains a challenge due to immunosenescence and comorbidities. More studies focusing on psoriasis treatment safety in the geriatric population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian W. Wong
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - John Y. M. Koo
- Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Kowdley GC, Merchant N, Richardson JP, Somerville J, Gorospe M, Cunningham SC. Cancer surgery in the elderly. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:303852. [PMID: 22272172 PMCID: PMC3259553 DOI: 10.1100/2012/303852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportions both of elderly patients in the world and of elderly patients with cancer are both increasing. In the evaluation of these patients, physiologic age, and not chronologic age, should be carefully considered in the decision-making process prior to both cancer screening and cancer treatment in an effort to avoid ageism. Many tools exist to help the practitioner determine the physiologic age of the patient, which allows for more appropriate and more individualized risk stratification, both in the pre- and postoperative periods as patients are evaluated for surgical treatments and monitored for surgical complications, respectively. During and after operations in the oncogeriatric populations, physiologic changes occuring that accompany aging include impaired stress response, increased senescence, and decreased immunity, all three of which impact the risk/benefit ratio associated with cancer surgery in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal C Kowdley
- Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital Center, 900 Caton Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21229, USA
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20
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Frasca D, Romero M, Diaz A, Alter-Wolf S, Ratliff M, Landin AM, Riley RL, Blomberg BB. A molecular mechanism for TNF-α-mediated downregulation of B cell responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:279-86. [PMID: 22116831 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B cell function with age is decreased in class switch recombination (CSR), activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and stability of E47 mRNA. The latter is regulated, at least in part, by tristetraprolin (TTP), which is increased in aged B cells and also negatively regulates TNF-α. In this study, we investigated whether B cells produce TNF-α, whether this changes with age, and how this affects their function upon stimulation. Our hypothesis is that in aging there is a feedback mechanism of autocrine inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) that lowers the expression of AID and CSR. Our results showed that unstimulated B cells from old BALB/c mice make significantly more TNF-α mRNA and protein than do B cells from young mice, but after stimulation the old make less than the young; thus, they are refractory to stimulation. The increase in TNF-α made by old B cells is primarily due to follicular, but not minor, subsets of B cells. Incubation of B cells with TNF-α before LPS stimulation decreased both young and old B cell responses. Importantly, B cell function was restored by adding anti-TNF-α Ab to cultured B cells. To address a molecular mechanism, we found that incubation of B cells with TNF-α before LPS stimulation induced TTP, a physiological regulator of mRNA stability of the transcription factor E47, which is crucial for CSR. Finally, anti-TNF-α given in vivo increased B cell function in old, but not in young, follicular B cells. These results suggest new molecular mechanisms that contribute to reduced Ab responses in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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21
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Abstract
There is a general consensus that the elderly do not respond as well to vaccination as the young, but robust studies are few and far between. Most refer to influenza vaccination, but even here, adequate immunological and clinical data are surprisingly thin on the ground. The meta-analysis by Goodwin et al. from 2006 is still the most comprehensive that we have. They reviewed 31 antibody response studies comparing influenza vaccination efficacy in groups of elderly and younger adults. They reported that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of responses in elderly versus young adults ranged from 0.24 to 0.59 for the three influenza antigens used in the vaccines. They concluded that rather than the estimated 70-90% clinical vaccine efficacy in younger adults, this figure was only 17-53% in the elderly, depending on which viruses were prevalent that year. They stated that 'this highlights the need for more immunogenic vaccine formulations for the elderly'. How to achieve this? There are three areas where we may consider alterations to increase vaccine efficacy: (i) make the vaccine more potent; (ii) use adjuvants to enhance immunity; and (iii) apply immune modulators or other interventions to alter host immunity generally. We will consider these three options, focusing on influenza vaccination, in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen Medical School, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Abstract The immune system of an organism is an essential component of the defense mechanism aimed at combating pathogenic stress. Age-associated immune dysfunction, also dubbed "immune senescence," manifests as increased susceptibility to infections, increased onset and progression of autoimmune diseases, and onset of neoplasia. Over the years, extensive research has generated consensus in terms of the phenotypic and functional defects within the immune system in various organisms, including humans. Indeed, age-associated alterations such as thymic involution, T cell repertoire skewing, decreased ability to activate naïve T cells and to generate robust memory responses, have been shown to have a causative role in immune decline. Further, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of proteotoxic stress, DNA damage response, modulation of ubiquitin proteasome pathway, and regulation of transcription factor NFκB activation, in immune decline, have paved the way to delineating signaling pathways that cross-talk and impact immune senescence. Given the role of the immune system in combating infections, its effectiveness with age may well be a marker of health and a predictor of longevity. It is therefore believed that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune senescence will lead to an effective interventional strategy aimed at improving the health span of individuals. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 1551-1585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ponnappan
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Fulop T, Kotb R, Fortin CF, Pawelec G, de Angelis F, Larbi A. Potential role of immunosenescence in cancer development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1197:158-65. [PMID: 20536845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of most cancers increase with age. The reasons for this may include tumor escape mechanisms and decreased immunosurveillance, but most are caused by the time required for carcinogenesis, according to most scientists. The immune system is a unique mechanism of defense against pathogens and possibly cancers; however, there is a body of evidence that the immune system of the aged is eroded, a phenomenon termed immunosenescence. There is a growing interest in immunosenescence and how it may contribute to the increased number of cancers with aging. Each arm of the immune system, innate and adaptive, is altered with aging, contributing to increased tumorigenesis. Understanding the contribution of immunosenescence to cancer development and progression may lead to better interventions for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Aging, frailty and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2010; 11:547-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10:408-24. [PMID: 20595009 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the major fundamental causes for the aging of the immune system is the structural and functional involution of the thymus, and the associated decline in de novo naïve T-lymphocyte output. This loss of naïve T-cell production weakens the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to new antigenic stimuli and eventually leads to a peripheral T-cell bias to the memory phenotype. While the precise mechanisms responsible for age-associated thymic involution remain unknown, a variety of theories have been forwarded including the loss of expression of various growth factors and hormones that influence the lymphoid compartment and promote thymic function. Extensive studies examining two hormones, namely growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin (GRL), have demonstrated their contributions to thymus biology. In the current review, we discuss the literature supporting a role for these hormones in thymic physiology and age-associated thymic involution and their potential use in the restoration of thymic function in aged and immunocompromised individuals.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age is now widely accepted as the greatest single risk factor for developing bladder cancer, and bladder cancer is considered as primarily a disease of the elderly. Because of the close link between age and incidence of bladder cancer, it can be expected that this disease will become an enormous challenge with the growth of an aging population in the years ahead. METHODS Using MEDLINE, a search of the literature between January 1966 and July 2007 was performed to describe normative physiologic changes associated with aging, elucidate genetic and epigenetic alterations that associate aging with bladder cancer and its phenotypes; and to characterize how aging influences efficacies, risks, side effects, and potential complications of the treatments needed for the various stages of bladder cancer. RESULTS We discuss influence of aging on host physiology, genetic and epigenetic changes, environmental influences, and host factors in the development and treatment of bladder cancer. Treatments with intravesical bacille Calmette Guerin, radical cystectomy, and perioperative chemotherapy are less well tolerated and have poorer response in elderly patients compared with their younger counterparts. Elderly patients face both clinical and broader institutional barriers to appropriate treatment and may receive less aggressive treatment and sub-therapeutic dosing. However, when appropriately selected, elderly patients tolerate and respond well to cancer treatments. CONCLUSIONS The decision to undergo treatment for cancer is a tradeoff between loss of function and/or independence and extension of life, which is complicated by a host of concomitant issues such as comorbid medical conditions, functional declines and "frailty", family dynamics, and social and psychologic issues. Chronological age should not preclude definitive surgical therapy. It is imperative that healthcare practitioners and researchers from disparate disciplines collectively focus efforts towards gaining a better understanding of what the consequences of bladder cancer and its treatments are for older adults and how to appropriately meet the multifaceted medical and psychosocial needs of this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Division of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Milowsky
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J. Droller
- Department of Urology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Derhovanessian E, Solana R, Larbi A, Pawelec G. Immunity, ageing and cancer. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2008; 5:11. [PMID: 18816370 PMCID: PMC2564902 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compromised immunity contributes to the decreased ability of the elderly to control infectious disease and to their generally poor response to vaccination. It is controversial as to how far this phenomenon contributes to the well-known age-associated increase in the occurrence of many cancers in the elderly. However, should the immune system be important in controlling cancer, for which there is a great deal of evidence, it is logical to propose that dysfunctional immunity in the elderly would contribute to compromised immunosurveillance and increased cancer occurrence. The chronological age at which immunosenescence becomes clinically important is known to be influenced by many factors, including the pathogen load to which individuals are exposed throughout life. It is proposed here that the cancer antigen load may have a similar effect on "immune exhaustion" and that pathogen load and tumor load may act additively to accelerate immunosenescence. Understanding how and why immune responsiveness changes in humans as they age is essential for developing strategies to prevent or restore dysregulated immunity and assure healthy longevity, clearly possible only if cancer is avoided. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of age on human immune competence, emphasizing T-cell-dependent adaptive immunity, which is the most sensitive to ageing. This knowledge will pave the way for rational interventions to maintain or restore appropriate immune function not only in the elderly but also in the cancer patient.
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Koch S, Larbi A, Derhovanessian E, Ozcelik D, Naumova E, Pawelec G. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in young and old people. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2008; 5:6. [PMID: 18657274 PMCID: PMC2515281 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background T cell-mediated immunity in elderly people is compromised in ways reflected in the composition of the peripheral T cell pool. The advent of polychromatic flow cytometry has made analysis of cell subsets feasible in unprecedented detail. Results Here we document shifts in subset distribution within naïve (N), central memory (CM) and effector memory (EM) cells defined by CD45RA and CCR7 expression in the elderly, additionally using the costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28, as well as the coinhibitory receptors CD57 and KLRG-1, to further dissect these. Although differences between young and old were more marked in CD8 than in CD4 cells, a similar overall pattern prevailed in both. Thus, the use of all these markers together, and inclusion of assays of proliferation and cytokine secretion, may enable the construction of a differentiation scheme applicable to CD4 as well as CD8 cells, with the model (based on Romero et al.) suggesting the progression N→CM→EM1→EM2→pE1→pE2→EM4→EM3→E end-stage non-proliferative effector cells. Conclusion Overall, the results suggest that both differences in subset distribution and differences between subsets are responsible for age-related changes in CD8 cells but that differences within rather than between subsets are more prominent for CD4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Koch
- Center for Medical Research (ZMF), University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestrasse 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Li M, Song M, Xu X, Xiong J, Yang X, Tan J, Bai Y. Expression of OX40 ligand in microglia activated by IFN-γ sustains a protective CD4+ T-cell response in vitro. Cell Immunol 2008; 251:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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