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Lakpour N, Ghods R, Abolhasani M, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Saliminejad K, Kalantari E, Saki S, Ranjbar MM, Balay-Goli L, Sadeghi MR, Madjd Z. Higher expression of SALL4-A isoform is correlated with worse outcomes and progression of the disease in subtype of testicular germ cell tumours. Biomarkers 2024; 29:324-339. [PMID: 38808385 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2361796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor SALL4 is associated with embryonic pluripotency and has proposed as a novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for diagnosing germ cell tumours. SALL4 comprises three isoforms, and SALL4-A being the full-length isoform. Studying its isoforms could revolutionize testicular cancer prognosis and subtype differentiation. METHODS The expression and clinical significance of isoform 'A' of SALL4 was evaluated in 124 testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) subtypes, adjacent 67 normal tissues and 22 benign tumours, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA). RESULTS A statistically significant higher expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic SALL4-A was detected in TGCTs histological subtypes and benign tumours compared to the normal tissues. Seminoma and yolk sac tumours had the highest nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of SALL4-A. A significant correlation was detected between the higher nuclear expression of SALL4-A and increased pT stages (P = 0.026) in seminomas. Whereas in embryonal carcinomas, cytoplasmic expression of SALL4-A was associated with the tumour recurrence (P = 0.04) and invasion of the epididymis (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS SALL4-A isoform expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of TGCTs may be associated with histological differentiation. In the seminoma subtype of TGCTs, higher expression of SALL4-A may be used as a predictive indicator of poorer outcomes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niknam Lakpour
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Saki
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Balay-Goli
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Dalla Ali S, Khalil IA, Wazwaz B, Younes N, Al Rumaihi K. Synchronous Bilateral Testicular Tumors With Discordant Histopathology: A Rare Case in an Infertile Male. Cureus 2023; 15:e49874. [PMID: 38170094 PMCID: PMC10760983 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer, accounting for 1-1.5% of male malignancies, rarely presents bilaterally, with only 2-3% of cases being bilateral and a mere 10% being synchronous, typically sharing histological patterns in both testes. Discordant histological presentation is exceedingly rare, with only a few reported cases. In this report, we detail a case involving a 35-year-old infertile male with bilateral synchronous testicular tumors, each exhibiting different histopathologies. This case highlights the diagnostic intricacies and the necessity for tailored management in the face of such uncommon presentations. The implications of oncological treatment and fertility preservation significantly affect the patient's overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Dalla Ali
- Department of Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | | | - Bara Wazwaz
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
| | - Nagy Younes
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
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Alkhayal AM, Aljarallah MF, Alqirnas MQ, Aldusari RS, Alyami F, Jamalalail Y, Hadhoud H, Alrabeeah K, Alsaikhan BH, Ghazwani Y, Noureldin YA. Malignant testicular tumors in children: overview on 10 years of Saudi Cancer Registry. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2677-2683. [PMID: 37477777 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological and histopathological patterns of pediatric testicular tumor (TT) in Saudi population over 10 years. METHODS Retrospective data extracted from the Saudi Cancer Registry for Saudi children diagnosed with TT from 2008 to 2017. The data collected included patient's factors as age, year of diagnosis, survival status, and tumor factors as basis of diagnosis, origin of the tumor, histopathological group and subtype, and tumor behavior, stage, and laterality. RESULTS A total of 115 patients with a median age of 14 (IQR 1.5-17) were included. The primary tumor site was a normal descended testis in 98.3% (115). Yolk sac tumor was the most common 28.2% (33), followed by embryonal carcinoma in 27.4% (32) and mixed germ-cell tumors in 23.1% (27). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant association between survival and the stage of the tumor (p = 0.002). However, there was a lack of significant association between survival and age groups, histopathological groups, and histopathological subtypes (p = 0.541, p = 0.609, and p = 0.733, respectively). The overall mortality rate of TT 5.2% with all deaths caused by non-seminomatous germ-cell tumor diagnosed with stage 3. CONCLUSIONS The median age of the patients was 14 years. Yolk sac tumors were the most common while testicular choriocarcinomas were the least in incidence. No increase in the incidence of TT was seen and the mortality rate over the 10-year period was 5.2%. Shorter survival was associated with higher tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Alkhayal
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Fahad Aljarallah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad Q Alqirnas
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan S Aldusari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alyami
- College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Jamalalail
- Pediatric Urology Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, National Guard-Health Affiars, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Hadhoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Khaled Alrabeeah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader H Alsaikhan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Ghazwani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Noureldin
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
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de Angelis C, Galdiero G, Menafra D, Garifalos F, Verde N, Piscopo M, Negri M, Auriemma RS, Simeoli C, Pivonello C, Colao A, Pivonello R. The environment and male reproductive system: the potential role and underlying mechanisms of cadmium in testis cancer. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:412-435. [PMID: 37737155 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2250387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a known human carcinogen, and has been shown to profoundly affect male reproductive function, at multiple levels, by exerting both endocrine and non-endocrine actions. Nevertheless, the potential role of cadmium in the etiology of testis cancer has been scantly investigated in humans, and, currently, available epidemiological observational studies are insufficient to draw definitive conclusions in this regard. On the contrary, experimental studies in laboratory animals demonstrated that cadmium is a strong inducer of testis tumors, mostly represented by benign Leydig cell adenoma; moreover, malignant transformation was also reported in few animals, following cadmium treatment. Early experimental studies in animals proposed an endocrine-dependent mechanism of cadmium-induced testis tumorigenesis; however, more recent findings from cell-free assays, in vitro studies, and short-term in vivo studies, highlighted that cadmium might also contribute to testis tumor development by early occurring endocrine-independent mechanisms, which include aberrant gene expression within the testis, and genotoxic effects, and take place well before the timing of testis tumorigenesis. These endocrine-independent mechanisms, however, have not been directly investigated on testis tumor samples retrieved from affected, cadmium-treated animals so far. The present review focuses on the relationship between cadmium exposure and testis cancer, by reporting the few epidemiological observational human studies available, and by providing animal-based experimental evidences of cadmium implication in the pathogenesis and progression of testis tumor. Moreover, the relevance of experimental animal studies to human cadmium exposure and the translational potential of experimental findings will be extensively discussed, by critically addressing strengths and weaknesses of available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Menafra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Garifalos
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Verde
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Simeoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Dubey H, Jain G, Kumar C, Ranjan A, Batra A, Chellapuram SK, Gupta S, Goel H, Sharma A, Tanwar P. Bone marrow metastasis of testicular germ cell tumour: A rare case. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16703. [PMID: 37303538 PMCID: PMC10248114 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumour (GCT) is the most common testicular tumour that commonly presents as a painless mass. Bone marrow metastasis in cases of testicular GCT is rare; only few case reports are available till date in the literature. Here an adult male presented with an intra-abdominal mass in right iliac fossa with inguinal lymphadenopathy with a deranged kidney function test. Bone marrow (BM) aspirate smear revealed metastatic tumour cells, but BM-biopsy was unremarkable. High serum Beta - HCG (38286 mIU/L) pointed towards germ cell lesion. Lymph node biopsy along with immunomarkers confirmed metastatic foci from germ cell tumor and managed as per standard protocol. Rarely BM aspirate is seen positive for malignancy, while biopsy turns out to be negative. Secondly, BM metastasis of GCT should be considered while dealing with cases like this. Informed consent This is certified that the informed consent has been obtained from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Dubey
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Jain
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Batra
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Chellapuram
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Dr. B R A Institue- Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Taylor ZD, Chew L, Tumey T, Gard CC, Woods ME. Differences in incidence, staging, and survival of urologic cancers in patients under 65 living in the US-Mexico border region. Curr Urol 2023; 17:118-124. [PMID: 37691994 PMCID: PMC10489240 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe and compare the incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival for genitourinary cancers in the border regions and in Hispanic-Americans. Materials and methods A population-based search was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 18 database and the Texas Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2017. Cox regression models were performed with adjusted for age, gender, race, cancer type, cancer stage, insurance status, and cause of death were used to compare cancer-specific survival. Results A total of 63,236 kidney and renal pelvis, 38,398 bladder, 170,640 prostate, 24,313 testicular cancer cases were identified. Cancer-specific survival was found to be improved in Hispanic-Americans in kidney and renal pelvis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.903, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.856-0.952, p = 0.0001), and bladder cancers (HR, 0.817, 95% CI, 0.743-0.898, p < 0.001), despite a more advanced stage at diagnosis in Hispanics with bladder cancer (p < 0.0074). Testicular cancer has a survival disadvantage for individuals living in the border region (HR, 1.315, 95% CI, 1.124-1.539, p = 0.0006). Conclusions Disparities exist between Hispanic-Americans and Non-Hispanic White and also between individuals living in the border counties when compared to other regions. This is most significant in individuals with testicular cancer residing in the border region who demonstrate worse overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Chew
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler Tumey
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Charlotte C. Gard
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics and International Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Michael E. Woods
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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7
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Wang S, Ma P, Jiang N, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Fang Y, Miao H, Huang H, Tang Q, Cui D, Fang H, Zhang H, Fan Q, Wang Y, Liu G, Yu Z, Lei Q, Li N. Rare tumors: a blue ocean of investigation. Front Med 2023; 17:220-230. [PMID: 37185946 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in novel drugs, therapies, and genetic techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, substantially improving cancer patients' prognosis. Although rare tumors account for a non-negligible number, the practice of precision medicine and development of novel therapies are largely hampered by many obstacles. Their low incidence and drastic regional disparities result in the difficulty of informative evidence-based diagnosis and subtyping. Sample exhaustion due to difficulty in diagnosis also leads to a lack of recommended therapeutic strategies in clinical guidelines, insufficient biomarkers for prognosis/efficacy, and inability to identify potential novel therapies in clinical trials. Herein, by reviewing the epidemiological data of Chinese solid tumors and publications defining rare tumors in other areas, we proposed a definition of rare tumor in China, including 515 tumor types with incidences of less than 2.5/100 000 per year. We also summarized the current diagnosis process, treatment recommendations, and global developmental progress of targeted drugs and immunotherapy agents on the status quo. Lastly, we pinpointed the current recommendation chance for patients with rare tumors to be involved in a clinical trial by NCCN. With this informative report, we aimed to raise awareness on the importance of rare tumor investigations and guarantee a bright future for rare tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peiwen Ma
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yale Jiang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huilei Miao
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huiyao Huang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital/Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Qiyu Tang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong Fang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huishan Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital/Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- GenePlus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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8
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Cabral ERM, Pacanhella MF, Lengert AVH, dos Reis MB, Leal LF, de Lima MA, da Silva ALV, Pinto IA, Reis RM, Pinto MT, Cárcano FM. Somatic mutation detection and KRAS amplification in testicular germ cell tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1133363. [PMID: 37007070 PMCID: PMC10060882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1133363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCT) are the most common cancer among young adult men. The TGCT histopathology is diverse, and the frequency of genomic alterations, along with their prognostic role, remains largely unexplored. Herein, we evaluate the mutation profile of a 15-driver gene panel and copy number variation of KRAS in a large series of TGCT from a single reference cancer center. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 97 patients with TGCT, diagnosed at the Barretos Cancer Hospital, was evaluated. Real-time PCR was used to assess copy number variation (CNV) of the KRAS gene in 51 cases, and the mutation analysis was performed using the TruSight Tumor 15 (Illumina) panel (TST15) in 65 patients. Univariate analysis was used to compare sample categories in relation to mutational frequencies. Survival analysis was conducted by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS KRAS copy number gain was a very frequent event (80.4%) in TGCT and presented a worse prognosis compared with the group with no KRAS copy gain (10y-OS, 90% vs. 81.5%, p = 0.048). Among the 65 TGCT cases, different variants were identified in 11 of 15 genes of the panel, and the TP53 gene was the most recurrently mutated driver gene (27.7%). Variants were also detected in genes such as KIT, KRAS, PDGFRA, EGFR, BRAF, RET, NRAS, PIK3CA, MET, and ERBB2, with some of them potentially targetable. CONCLUSION Although larger studies incorporating collaborative networks may shed the light on the molecular landscape of TGCT, our findings unveal the potential of actionable variants in clinical management for applying targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre V. H. Lengert
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Mariana B. dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Leticia F. Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Barretos School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata – FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. de Lima
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Icaro A. Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- 3ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana T. Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Flavio M. Cárcano
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Oncoclínicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Alghamdi IG. Testicular Cancer in Saudi Arabia Between 2004 and 2017. Res Rep Urol 2023; 15:37-45. [PMID: 36718376 PMCID: PMC9884001 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s393819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examines the epidemiology related to testicular cancer (TC) in the administrative regions of Saudi Arabia by looking at not only the percentage/ frequency of diagnosed cases, but also the crude incidence rate, age-specific incidence rate, and age-standardized incidence rate stratified by the age group, diagnosis year, and regions. Methods From 2004 to 2017, descriptive epidemiological research was carried out across all TC cases registered under the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR). Descriptive statistics as well as the Kruskal-Wallis test, together with SPSS (version 20.0) were used to evaluate the data. Results The SCR received 1114 reports of TC diagnoses between January 2004 and December 2017. TC was diagnosed most frequently in Saudi men aged 15-44 years. In terms of Saudi men, Jouf, Tabuk, Hail, and the Northern region reported the highest age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) of TC at 1.1 per 100,000 men. Alternatively, Baha, Jazan, and Riyadh had the lowest overall ASIR of TC (0.1 and 0.3 per 100,000 men, respectively). The ASIR of TC exceeded its previous levels by twofold. The likelihood of TC was five times higher in Jouf, Tabuk, Hail, and Northern regions than in Baha and Jazan. Conclusion In Saudi Arabia, the ASIRs of TC doubled between 2004 and 2017. TC was most frequently diagnosed in younger Saudi men. Jouf, Tabuk, Hail, and Northern regions of Saudi Arabia had the highest incidence of TC among Saudi men, whereas Baha, Jazan, and Riyadh had the lowest incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim G Alghamdi
- Public Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Ibrahim G Alghamdi, University of AL-Baha, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Public Health Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Saud, Al-Baha, 65527, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966553777925, Email
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10
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Ke H, Jiang S, He Z, Song Q, Yang D, Song C, Dong C, Liu J, Su X, Zhou J, Xiong Y. Clinical features and prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with lymphovascular invasion of testicular germ-cell tumors: Analysis based on the SEER database. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1142441. [PMID: 36937437 PMCID: PMC10020199 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1142441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a high-risk factor for testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCT), but a prognostic model for TGCT-LVI patients is lacking. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting the overall survival (OS) of TGCT-LVI patients. Methods A complete cohort of 3288 eligible TGCG-LVI patients (training cohort, 2300 cases; validation cohort, 988 cases) were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Variables screened by multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to construct a nomogram, which was subsequently evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and calibration plots. The advantages and disadvantages of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system and the nomogram were assessed by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Decision-analysis curve (DCA) was used to measure the net clinical benefit of the nomogram versus the AJCC staging system. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the ability to identify different risk groups between the traditional AJCC staging system and the new risk-stratification system built on the nomogram. Results Nine variables were screened by multivariate Cox regression analysis to construct the nomogram. The C-index (training cohort, 0.821; validation cohort, 0.819) and time-dependent ROC of 3-, 5-, and 9-year OS between the two cohorts suggested that the nomogram had good discriminatory ability. Calibration curves showed good consistency of the nomogram. The NRI values of 3-, 5-, and 9-year OS were 0.308, 0.274, and 0.295, respectively, and the corresponding values for the validation cohort were 0.093, 0.093, and 0.099, respectively (P<0.01). Additionally, the nomogram had more net clinical benefit as shown by the DCA curves, and the new risk-stratification system provided better differentiation than the AJCC staging system. Conclusions A prognostic nomogram and new risk-stratification system were developed and validated to assist clinicians in assessing TGCT-LVI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Ke
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengming Jiang
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianlin Song
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dashuai Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Caitao Dong
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhe Xiong,
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11
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Bastos DA, Gongora ABL, Dzik C, Jardim DL, Piva M, Carcano FM, Bertollo G, Trindade K, Fontes MS, Soares A, Reinert T, De Cassia Costamilan R, Villarroel RU, Watarai G, Gazola AA, Preto DDA, Mutti H, Bonalumi Dos Santos M, Mariano RC, Binotto M, Carvalho MM, Oliveira VPDC, Gomes R, Rebelatto TF, Schutz FA, Smaletz O, Fay AP. Multicenter Database of Patients with Germ-Cell Tumors: A Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group Registry (LACOG 0515). Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 21:e104-e113. [PMID: 36509612 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germ-cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy in young men. There is a paucity of data on GCTs in developing countries. LACOG 0515 study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with GCTs from Brazilian cancer centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating male patients diagnosed with GCTs from 2000 to 2018 in 13 Brazilian hospitals. We described baseline characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 1232 patients were included, with a median age of 30 years. Histology was seminoma in 47.1% and non-seminoma GCT (NSGCT) in 52.9%. The primary tumor site was testis in 96.5%. At diagnosis, clinical stage I was present in 68.1% and 34.7% and clinical stages IS/II/III in 31.9% and 65.2% of patients with seminoma and NSCGT, respectively. Following orchiectomy, 55.2% of patients with clinical stage I were managed with surveillance. The 5-year disease-free survival rates among patients with stage I were 98.0% in seminoma and 92.3% in NSGCT, with 5-year OS of 99.6% and 97.6%, respectively. Among patients with advanced disease (IS, II, and III), the 5-year PFS were 88.7% in seminoma and 68.7% in NSGCT, with 5y-OS of 97.6% and 82.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION This is the largest Brazilian cohort of GCTs. Our results show a high rate of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinical stage I. Although our data demonstrate slightly inferior PFS compared with the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group and other contemporary series, the OS rates were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A Bastos
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Bobato Lara Gongora
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Dzik
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Leonardo Jardim
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karine Trindade
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Oncocentro, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Soares
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Paulista de Oncologia/Oncoclínicas- São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomas Reinert
- Centro de Pesquisa da Serra Gaúcha (CEPESG), Caxias Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Watarai
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonia Angeli Gazola
- Hospital São Lucas PUC-RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PUC-RS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Haila Mutti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Monique Binotto
- Centro de Pesquisa da Serra Gaúcha (CEPESG), Caxias Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Gomes
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oren Smaletz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre P Fay
- Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital São Lucas PUC-RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; PUC-RS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Ryszawy J, Kowalik M, Wojnarowicz J, Rempega G, Kępiński M, Burzyński B, Rajwa P, Paradysz A, Bryniarski P. Awareness of testicular cancer among adult Polish men and their tendency for prophylactic self-examination: conclusions from Movember 2020 event. BMC Urol 2022; 22:149. [PMID: 36096827 PMCID: PMC9469579 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer (TC), due to its non-specific symptoms and occurrence in young men, is particularly dangerous. A critical point for early diagnosis is awareness of the disease and the willingness to perform a testicular self-examination (TSE). The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of 771 adult men about testicular cancer. Additionally, the sources of information on TC and TSE were analyzed and the influence of demographic factors on the willingness to join preventative programs was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out during the Movember2020 campaign, where a testicular ultrasound was performed on participants. They were asked to complete a questionnaire with 26 questions to assess their knowledge. RESULTS The results obtained in the study indicate a low level of knowledge (average 3.5 points out of 18) about TC. Living in a large city (OR = 1.467; p = 0.03), as well as an earlier conversation about TC (OR = 1.639; p = 0.002), increased the awareness about the disease. Additionally it showed that many participants do not perform TSE at all (52.4%) and that only few perform TSE frequently (18.4%). Relationship status (OR = 2.832; p < 0.001) and previous conversations about TC (OR = 1.546; p = 0.02) was reported to be the main contributing factors in males deciding to have TSE. CONCLUSIONS Our research indicates large educational neglect in terms of knowledge about TC and reluctance in performing TSE. It is worth carrying out preventative actions periodically on an increasing scale, not only for the screening of testicular cancer, but also to expand knowledge on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Ryszawy
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Kowalik
- Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jakub Wojnarowicz
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rempega
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Kępiński
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Burzyński
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Rajwa
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrzej Paradysz
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Bryniarski
- grid.411728.90000 0001 2198 0923Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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13
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Wu D, Li R, Liu J, Zhou C, Jia R. Long Noncoding RNA LINC00467: Role in Various Human Cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:892009. [PMID: 35719391 PMCID: PMC9198549 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.892009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate genetic mutations promote the progression of different cancer types. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely demonstrated to participate in the genomic activities of various human cancers. Long intergenic non-coding RNA 467 (LINC00467) is an upregulated lncRNA in diverse diseases, especially in several types of cancers. Functional experiments of LINC00467 revealed that LINC00467 overexpression enhanced cell chemoresistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion in several types of cancers. Moreover, overexpressed LINC00467 was associated with a poor clinical prognosis. The present evidence suggests that LINC00467 may serve as a promising prognostic indicator and become a novel cancer therapeutic target. In this review, we introduce the biologic functions of lncRNAs and describe the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of LINC00467 in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfei Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Guo J, Wang S, Jiang Z, Tang L, Liu Z, Cao J, Hu Z, Chen X, Luo Y, Bo H. Long Non-Coding RNA RFPL3S Functions as a Biomarker of Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Prediction in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859730. [PMID: 35669771 PMCID: PMC9165694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is currently on the rise worldwide, of which 15%-30% of patients have occur recurrence and metastasis. However, clinical methods for diagnosing TGCT and judging its prognosis remained inadequate. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of testis-specific long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Ret finger protein-like 3S (RFPL3S) as a biomarker for TGCT diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response by reviewing the TGCT gene expression data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The cohort data and DNA methylation data of TGCT in TCGA were downloaded from TGCA, UCSC XENA, and GEO. The bioinformatic tools were used, including GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, UCSC XENA, Sangerbox Tools, GSCA, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion. Compared with normal testicular tissues, the RFPL3S expression was significantly reduced in TGCT, and was significantly negatively correlated with the patient’s Tumor, Node, Metastasis stage. Hypermethylation and low copy number of RFPL3S were present in TGCT, and low RFPL3S was associated with short disease-free and progression-free intervals. Silencing RFPL3S significantly enhanced the invasion ability and proliferation ability of TGCT cells as evaluated by Transwell and CCK-8 experiments. Additionally, RFPL3S expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune-activating cells such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells, and negatively correlated with the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells such as Th17 and Th2. Higher RFPL3S expression was present in patients with immunotherapy benefits. In conclusion, we determined that the testis-specific lncRNA RFPL3S functioned as a tumor suppressor in TGCT and could be used as a prognostic predictor of TGCT, as well as a marker to predict the effect of TGCT immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaolan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cosmedic, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Bo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Bo,
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15
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Nicu AT, Medar C, Chifiriuc MC, Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Burlibasa L. Epigenetics and Testicular Cancer: Bridging the Gap Between Fundamental Biology and Patient Care. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861995. [PMID: 35465311 PMCID: PMC9023878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor affecting young males. Most testicular cancers are testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), which are divided into seminomas (SGCTs) and non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). During their development, primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergo epigenetic modifications and any disturbances in their pattern might lead to cancer development. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the epigenetic mechanisms–DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, bivalent marks, non-coding RNA–associated with TGCT susceptibility, initiation, progression and response to chemotherapy. Another important purpose of this review is to highlight the recent investigations regarding the identification and development of epigenetic biomarkers as powerful tools for the diagnostic, prognostic and especially for epigenetic-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Teodora Nicu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Liliana Burlibasa
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Shahrokh S, Tran D, Lines B, Bhuriwala MN. Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Composed of Seminoma and Teratoma Metastasizing as Choriocarcinoma to the Lung Successfully Treated With Salvage Chemotherapy and Bone-Marrow Transplant: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e22885. [PMID: 35399484 PMCID: PMC8982517 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Diverse Roles and Targets of miRNA in the Pathogenesis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumour. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051190. [PMID: 35267498 PMCID: PMC8909779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) is the most common cancer type among young adults in many parts of the world. Although the pathogenesis of TGCT is not well understood, the involvement of heritable components is evident, and the risk is polygenic. Genome-wide association studies have so far found 78 susceptibility loci for TGCT, and many of the loci are in non-coding regions indicating the involvement of non-coding RNAs in TGCT pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, have emerged as important gene regulators at the post-transcriptional level. They are crucial in controlling many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and an aberrant miRNA expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of several cancers, including TGCT. In support of this notion, several studies reported differential expression of miRNAs in TGCTs. We previously demonstrated that miRNAs were the most common group of small non-coding RNAs in TGCTs, and several functional studies of miRNAs in TGCTs suggest that they may act as either oncogene or tumour suppressors. Moreover, individual miRNA targets and downstream pathways in the context of TGCT development have been explored. In this review, we will focus on the diverse roles and targets of miRNAs in TGCT pathogenesis.
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18
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Shahrokh S, Shahin M, Abolhasani M, Arefpour AM. Burned-Out Testicular Tumor Presenting as a Retroperitoneal Mass: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e21603. [PMID: 35228961 PMCID: PMC8870314 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous primary tumor regression, or burned-out tumors, refers to the presence of a metastatic tumor with the histological regression of the primary lesion. The burned-out phenomenon has been reported in various malignancies, with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) accounting for a significant share of these cases. However, burned-out testicular tumors are a rare clinical phenomenon and are generally difficult to diagnose, as there is no evidence of primary testicular cancer. Here, we describe the case of a 42-year-old male who presented to our hospital complaining of right abdomen and groin pain for several months. On physical exam, the patient had normal genital and rectal exams. An abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan of his abdomen and pelvis revealed a large retroperitoneal mass with radiographic characteristics of a sarcoma. Given his groin pain, the patient had a testicular ultrasound, which revealed scar tissue in the right testicle. His testicular tumor markers showed elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) but normal α-fetoprotein (AFP). He underwent right radical inguinal orchiectomy, with pathologic examination of the testicle revealing a burned-out testicular tumor. The patient was then treated with four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). His post-treatment tumor markers were normalized; however, his abdomen-pelvic CT scan showed a persistent mass. The patient underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) with the removal of 12 lymph nodes. However, pathologic evaluation of the lymph nodes revealed no evidence of neoplastic cells. The patient has remained disease-free after five years of follow-up. This report highlights the potential of burned-out testicular tumors in young and middle-aged men presenting with a retroperitoneal mass. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of obtaining testicular ultrasound in these patients to rule out regressed testicular tumors.
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19
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Liu L, Wang C, Shah S, Saba D, Dudheker N, Le MD, Ranpura V. Synchronous Bilateral Primary Testicular Tumors With Discordant Histopathology. Cureus 2021; 13:e20619. [PMID: 35103193 PMCID: PMC8782597 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant presentation of histologically distinct bilateral testicular tumors is exceedingly rare. Here we report the case of a 20-year-old male who presented with a left testicular mass. He was found to have bilateral testicular masses on ultrasound and underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Left testicular pathology revealed a mixed germ cell tumor consisting of teratoma, seminoma, and germ cell neoplasia in situ; right testicular pathology revealed two foci of pure seminomas. He is currently on active surveillance and remains in remission at 18-month follow-up. Our case demonstrates the rare occurrence of bilateral primary synchronous testicular tumors with different histopathology in each testis. Despite the rarity of this condition, its treatment is based on standard management of unilateral testicular carcinoma, with the added element of prioritization of one tumor over the other. It is important for clinicians to tailor management for bilateral testicular germ cell tumors according to the most aggressive component.
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20
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Morra F, Merolla F, Zito Marino F, Catalano R, Franco R, Chieffi P, Celetti A. The tumour suppressor CCDC6 is involved in ROS tolerance and neoplastic transformation by evading ferroptosis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08399. [PMID: 34841108 PMCID: PMC8605351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing 6 (CCDC6) is a tumour suppressor gene involved in apoptosis and DNA damage response. CCDC6 is known to be functionally impaired upon gene fusions, somatic mutations, and altered protein turnover in several tumours. Testicular germ cell tumours are among the most common malignancies in young males. Despite the high cure rate, achieved through chemotherapy and/or surgery, drug resistance can still occur. In a human cellular model of testis Embryonal Carcinoma, the deficiency of CCDC6 was associated with defects in DNA repair via homologous recombination and sensitivity to PARP1/2 inhibitors. Same data were obtained in a panel of murine testicular cell lines, including Sertoli, Spermatogonia and Spermatocytes. In these cells, upon oxidative damage exposure, the absence of CCDC6 conferred tolerance to reactive oxygen species affecting regulated cell death pathways by apoptosis and ferroptosis. At molecular level, the loss of CCDC6 was associated with an enhancement of the xCT/SLC7A11 cystine antiporter expression which, by promoting the accumulation of ROS, interfered with the activation of ferroptosis pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that the CCDC6 downregulation could aid the testis germ cells to be part of a pro-survival pathway that helps to evade the toxic effects of endogenous oxidants contributing to testicular neoplastic growth. Novel therapeutic options will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morra
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Catalano
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Chieffi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
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21
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Testicular Tumors: A 15-Year Archive Review and Histopathological Evaluation. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.929096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Selvarajan G, Jayachandran PK, Rajan AK, Kesana S, Kannan K, Sagar TG, Ganesan TS. Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor-Preliminary Experience from a Single Center. South Asian J Cancer 2021; 10:97-101. [PMID: 34568223 PMCID: PMC8460350 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis is one of the highly curable solid organ malignancies. Those who experience relapse after platinum-based chemotherapy can be salvaged with systemic therapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Complete remission can be obtained in approximately 50 to 60% of patients treated with HDCT. Our experience reports the efficacy and safety of HDCT followed by ASCT in relapsed GCT.
Methods
Analysis of patient records (2012–2019) showed that three patients had received HDCT and ASCT.
Results
All the three patients were treated with BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) as first-line therapy. HDCT was done in Case 1 after third-line salvage and in other two patients after second-line salvage chemotherapies. High-dose carboplatin and etoposide were used as conditioning regimen. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used for the mobilization of stem cells. After ASCT, complete remission was documented in all the patients. All were alive and disease-free till the last follow-up. Grade ¾ toxicities including myelosuppression, diarrhea, and mucositis were observed in all three patients.
Conclusion
This is the first report from India on HDCT with ASCT in GCT. HDCT/ASCT seems to be feasible, safe, and effective in relapsed testicular GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangothri Selvarajan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Rajan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivashree Kesana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Tenali Gnana Sagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Muhanna A, Nimri F, Almomani ZA, Al Momani L, Likhitsup A, Hamid F. Small Bowel Metastasis as a Presentation of Testicular Seminoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e17962. [PMID: 34548993 PMCID: PMC8439170 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors account for 95% of testicular cancers in men with approximately 71,000 patients being diagnosed with testicular cancer every year. The overall survival of testicular germ cell tumors is approximately 95%. However, the prognosis becomes less favorable when distant metastasis is present. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract metastasis occurs in less than 5% of patients with non-seminomatous tumors, and in less than 1% in patients with pure seminomas. GI metastasis usually involves the colon, esophagus, and stomach with the most common symptoms of GI metastasis being diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and obstruction. We discuss the case of a 42-year-old male patient with GI manifestations as the first presentation of testicular seminoma with metastasis to the small bowel. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a small bowel mass, and the diagnosis was confirmed with histopathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy samples. The patient subsequently underwent chemotherapy treatment with close surveillance. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in young male patients, especially when associated with symptoms like unexplained weight loss, constitutional symptoms, and testicular pain or swelling. Metastasis to the GI tract from the testis should be promptly diagnosed and managed, as the overall survival rates can significantly decrease with the delay of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Muhanna
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Faisal Nimri
- Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - Zaid A Almomani
- Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
| | - Laith Al Momani
- Gastroenterology, University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, USA
| | - Alisa Likhitsup
- Hepatology, University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, USA
| | - Fadi Hamid
- Gastroenterology, University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, USA
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24
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Bo H, Zhu F, Liu Z, Deng Q, Liu G, Li R, Zhu W, Tan Y, Liu G, Fan J, Fan L. Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data reveals the key role of LINC00467 in the invasion and metastasis of testicular germ cell tumors. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:206. [PMID: 34362879 PMCID: PMC8346510 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of lncRNAs in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) has been rarely reported. Our purpose is to comprehensively survey the expression and function of lncRNAs in TGCT. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to construct the lncRNA expression profiles of 13 TGCT tissues and 4 paraneoplastic tissues to explore the function of lncRNAs in TGCT. The bioinformatics analysis showed that many lncRNAs are differentially expressed in TGCT. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs participated in various biological processes associated with tumorigenesis in cis and trans manners. Further, we found that the expression of LINC00467 was positively correlated with the poor prognosis and pathological grade of TGCT using WGCNA analysis and GEPIA database data mining. In vitro experiments revealed that LNC00467 could promote the migration and invasion of TGCT cells by regulating the expression of AKT3 and influencing total AKT phosphorylation. Further analysis of TCGA data revealed that the expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and the response to PD1 immunotherapy. In summary, this study is the first to construct the expression profile of lncRNAs in TGCT. It is also the first study to identify the metastasis-promoting role of LNC00467, which can be used as a potential predictor of TGCT prognosis and immunotherapeutic response to provide a clinical reference for the treatment and diagnosis of TGCT metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Cancer Hospital, Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Orangeburg, SC, USA
| | - Liqing Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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25
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Luo Y, Sun Y, Li L, Mao Y. METTL3 May Regulate Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Through EMT and Immune Pathways. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720946653. [PMID: 32749150 PMCID: PMC7563025 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720946653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are highly prevalent in young men aged 20–40
years and are one of the most common lethal solid tumors in men of this age. Due
to the current unclear mechanism of tumor development, there is a lack of
effective treatment, and therefore in-depth research of the molecular mechanism
of the occurrence and development of TGCT and the search for suitable and
effective therapeutic targets and molecular markers are of great significance
for achieving effective treatment. METTL3 is a very important methylase, which
has been implicated in the progression of many cancers, but the role of METTL3
in TGCT has not been fully elucidated. In this article, we found that METTL3
expression was significantly downregulated in TGCT tissues, and patients with
low expression levels had lower overall survival and relapse-free survival
rates. After overexpressing METTL3, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration
ability significantly increased, while influencing the expression of
epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. In addition, we
observed that the expression level of METTL3 positively correlated with
molecular markers and infiltration level of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and natural
killer cells. In sum, our findings identified that METTL3 can be used as an
independent prognostic marker in patients with TGCT. METTL3 participates in the
proliferation, migration, and invasion of TGCT cells by regulating the
expression of EMT-related genes and may also play a role in activating the tumor
immune response in TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Biswas B, Dabkara D, Ganguly S, Ghosh J, Gupta S, Sen S, Chatterjee M, Basu A, Mukherjee S. Outcome of testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumours: report from a tertiary cancer centre in eastern India. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1204. [PMID: 33889213 PMCID: PMC8043674 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) is a rare but highly curable malignancy. The literature on the management and outcomes of NSGCT is scarce from India. Here, we report the demography and treatment outcomes of NSGCT treated at our centre. This is a retrospective analysis of testicular and retroperitoneal NSGCT patients treated from March 2011 to December 2019. Patients were staged appropriately with imaging, pre- and post-operative tumour marker. Patients received stage adjusted adjuvant treatment after high inguinal orchiectomy. Patients with advanced disease were risk stratified as per International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification. A total of 100 patients were treated with a median age of 28 years (Range: 18–51). Primary site was testis in 92 and retroperitoneum in 8 patients. Testicular violation was present in 17 (18%) patients. The stage of the disease was I in 32, II in 19 and III in 49 patients, respectively. IGCCCG risk groups were good in 29 (46%), intermediate in 13 (21%) and poor in 21 (33%) patients. Eleven patients (24%) underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection amongst 45 with post-chemotherapy residual disease. After a median follow-up of 26.6 months (range: 2.2–100.7), 3-year event-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 70.7% ± 5.6% and 78.2% ± 5.4%, respectively. S3 tumour marker (p = 0.01) and non-pulmonary visceral metastasis (p < 0.001) emerged as independent poor prognostic factors for OS in multivariate analysis. To conclude, testicular NSGCT has very high cure rate. Two-third patients present with advanced disease and one-third of them had poor risk disease. S3 tumour marker and non-pulmonary visceral metastasis are poor risk factors for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivas Biswas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Deepak Dabkara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Sandip Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Sujoy Gupta
- Department of Urosurgery, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Saugata Sen
- Department of Radiology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Meheli Chatterjee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Archisman Basu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
| | - Satyadip Mukherjee
- Department of Urosurgery, Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (EW), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700160, India
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27
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Winter C, Hiester A. Treatment of clinical stage I non-seminoma. Asian J Urol 2021; 8:161-169. [PMID: 33996471 PMCID: PMC8099697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell cancers are the most common solid tumors among men between 15 and 40 years. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) represent a unique and exclusive cohort of germ cell tumor patients. Non-seminoma can harbor different histologic components. The most commonly found histologies are embryonal cell cancer, teratoma, yolk sack tumor and choriocarcinoma, as well as teratocarcinoma and seminoma, in combination with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors histologic types. The clinical definition of stage I non-seminoma is the absence of metastatic lesions on imaging and normal tumor markers. The cure rate for clinical stage I NSGCT is 99% and this can be achieved by three therapeutic strategies: Active surveillance with treatment at the time of relapse, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or adjuvant chemotherapy. The balancing of these various strategies should always be based on an individual risk profile of NGSCG patient depending on the lymphovascular invasion of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Winter
- Department of Urology, University of Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiester
- Department of Urology, University of Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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28
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Hao W, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhang E, Gao S, Yin C, Yue W. International trends in ovarian cancer incidence from 1973 to 2012. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 303:1589-1597. [PMID: 33616706 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-05967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is the 7th leading cancer diagnosis and the 8th leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. We conducted this study to investigate the incidence of ovarian cancer internationally. METHODS The trends in ovarian cancer incidence were analyzed through the latest data of CI5 over the 40-year period from 21 populations in 4 continents using Joinpoint analysis, ASRs and proportions of different histological subtypes in those populations were also analyzed using volume XI of CI5. RESULTS ASRs of ovarian cancer were from 7.0 to 11.6 per 100,000 in non-Asia populations during 2008-2012. In Asia, the ASR in Israel (Jews) were the highest, up to 8.1 per 100,000 in the same period. The international trends from 1973 to 2012 showed that ASRs of ovarian cancer were decreasing in 8 of 21 selected populations, whereas ASRs in Slovakia, Spain (Navarra) and China (Shanghai) were increasing. Meanwhile, there are certain differences in the main pathological classification patterns within different regions. In Asia, China (Hong Kong) and Japan both have a higher ASRs and proportions for clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas, while Japan has the highest ASRs and proportions for mucinous carcinomas. CONCLUSION Although the reasons for those trends were not entirely clear, environmental, reproductive and genetic factors were likely to have led to these patterns. Meanwhile, more attention and further study should be given to the etiological factors of histology-specific ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Hao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Research Management, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Enjie Zhang
- Office of Major Projects, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Office of Major Projects, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
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29
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Trends of Testicular Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Relation to Health Expenditure: An Ecological Study of 54 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041546. [PMID: 33561945 PMCID: PMC7914754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Favorable testicular cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) are associated with health care disparities, including health care expenditures, but the trends of testicular MIR and health care disparity remain unclear. We evaluated changes in MIR as the difference between 2012 and 2018, termed delta MIR (δMIR). Health care expenditures and the human development index (HDI) were obtained from the World Health Organization and the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme. The association between the variables was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A total of 54 countries were included in the criteria of data quality reports and missing data. By continent, the most favorable MIR was in Oceania (0.03) while it was 0.36 in Africa. In these areas, the incidence rates were positively correlated to health care expenditure, but the mortality rates showed a reversed correlation. The MIR ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 and the δMIR ranged from -0.05 to 0.34. The favorable MIRs are correlated to high health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, favorable δMIRs tend to be seen in countries with relatively low health care expenditure and HDI (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, favorable testicular cancer MIRs are associated with high HDI and health care expenditure, but the improvement in MIR between 2012 and 2018 (δMIR) is negatively correlated with HDI and health care expenditure.
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30
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Rovito MJ, Bruzzone A, Lee E, López Castillo H, Talton W, Taliaferro L, Falk D. Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life Among Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:1557988320982184. [PMID: 33451261 PMCID: PMC7812415 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320982184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if the current health-related quality of life (HRQoL) tools created for survivors of testicular cancer are collecting the highest quality of data via a two-step methodological critique of both the seminal studies that produced a survivor of testicular cancer HRQoL tool (Phase 1) and the actual tool itself (Phase 2). It is the goal of this current article to present and discuss Phase 1. A systematic review aimed to assess the methodological quality of studies conducted to create instruments used to measure survivors of testicular cancer HRQoL. Five reviewers independently assessed each study with the 20-item Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS). Inter-rater agreement and Fleiss’ kappa was also assessed to ensure consistency in reported scores. Assessments for the EORTC QLQ-TC 26 and CAYA-T studies were low (AXIS 52.5%; IRA 95%; κ = 0.779) and fair (AXIS 65%; IRA 80%; κ = 0.599), respectively. Critical appraisal of the scales included issues within the three core AXIS domains. Primary concerns related to sampling methodology and the lack of a qualitative component of their core conceptual development phase. Both reviewed seminal studies have significant methodological concerns that question the tools’ quality. Next steps include extensive appraisal of the psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ TC-26 and the CAYA-T to complete the comprehensive review. Accurate and reliable data are necessary to understand survivor of testicular cancer HRQoL and assist in building the bridge of communication between health care professionals and survivors to help to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rovito
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Agata Bruzzone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Humberto López Castillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Walker Talton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Derek Falk
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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31
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Kaur G, Wright K, Verma S, Haynes A, Dufour JM. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Testicular Immune Regulation: A Delicate Balance Between Immune Function and Immune Privilege. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:21-47. [PMID: 34453730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The testis is one of several immune privilege sites. These sites are necessary to decrease inflammation and immune responses that could be damaging to the host. For example, inflammation in the brain, eye or placenta could result in loss of cognitive function, vision or rejection of the semi-allogeneic fetus, respectively. In the testis, immune privilege is "good" as it is necessary for protection of the developing auto-immunogenic germ cells. However, there is also a downside or "bad" part of immune privilege, where pathogens and cancers can take advantage of this privilege and persist in the testis as a sanctuary site. Even worse, the "ugly" of privilege is how re-emerging viruses, such as Ebola and Zika viruses, can establish persistence in the testes and be sexually transmitted even months after they have been cleared from the bloodstream. In this review, we will discuss the delicate balance within the testis that provides immune privilege to protect the germ cells while still allowing for immune function to fight off pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kandis Wright
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Saguna Verma
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Allan Haynes
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Clinicopathological assessment in orchiectomy materials. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.758402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pietrzyk Ł, Denisow-Pietrzyk M, Czeczelewski M, Ślizień-Kuczapski K, Torres K. Cancer education matters: a report on testicular cancer knowledge, awareness, and self-examination practice among young Polish men. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20684. [PMID: 33244121 PMCID: PMC7693263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the level of testicular cancer (TC) knowledge and awareness as well as the altitude and practice towards testicular self-examination (TSE) among Polish male high school and medical students. An original questionnaire survey was conducted in SE Poland with a representative sample of 1077 male students: 335 from high school and 742 medical students. The results indicate the knowledge about TC epidemiology and the awareness of risk factors responsible for the TC was low. The knowledge of the signs and symptoms of TC was significantly higher among the medical students, compared to the high school students. The level of education was associated with the awareness of methods for early detection and symptoms of TC. A satisfactory level of awareness of the TSE practice was exhibited only by the medical students. The main reason for not performing self-examination was the lack of knowledge and practical skills. The deficits of knowledge of TC in young men should motivate the education policy makers in Poland to implement education in the field of TC issues more widely in high schools. Moreover, cancer prevention modules and/or teaching methods should be improved in medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. .,Department of General, Oncological, and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1st Military Clinical Hospital With the Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Denisow-Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Students' Scientific Association of Medical Simulation, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Ślizień-Kuczapski
- Students' Scientific Association of Medical Simulation, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Nair LM, Krishna KMJ, Kumar A, Mathews S, Joseph J, James FV. Prognostic factors and outcomes of nonseminomatous germ cell tumours of testis-experience from a tertiary cancer centre in India. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1145. [PMID: 33343704 PMCID: PMC7738268 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumour of the testis is the most common cancer in young men in the western world. India has the lowest incidence globally, and hence Indian data are sparse. We report the outcomes of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumours of testis treated at a tertiary cancer centre in South India over a period of 10 years. Patients with a histopathological diagnosis of nonseminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016 were included in the study. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics and treatment details were retrieved from case records. Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression model was used to analyse the prognostic factors. One hundred and nineteen patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis were included in the study. The median follow-up was 81 months. The estimated 4-year OS and progression-free survival were 87.1% and 84.5%, respectively. The four-year OS for good, intermediate and poor-risk groups was 93.6%, 87.5% and 52.6%, respectively. The PFS at 4 years was 91.4%, 87.8% and 47.4% for good, intermediate and poor-risk groups, respectively. The presence of nonpulmonary visceral metastasis and biochemical response after chemotherapy were significant predictors for OS and PFS in multivariate cox proportional hazards regression. The survival figures are comparable to the rest of the world except in the poor prognostic risk group. The inferior survival noticed in this group of patients may be due to the lack of good salvage procedures. High-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support may be considered more often for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aswin Kumar
- Genitourinary Clinic, RCC, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Susan Mathews
- Genitourinary Clinic, RCC, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - John Joseph
- Genitourinary Clinic, RCC, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
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Mao W, Wu J, Kong Q, Li J, Xu B, Chen M. Development and validation of prognostic nomogram for germ cell testicular cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22095-22111. [PMID: 33136554 PMCID: PMC7695357 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to establish a reliable and practical nomogram based on significant clinical factors to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with germ cell testicular cancer (GCTC). Patients diagnosed with GCTC between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the SEER database. Nomograms were constructed using the R software to predict the OS and CSS probabilities and the constructed nomograms were validated and calibrated. A total of 22,165 GCTC patients were enrolled in the study, including the training cohort (15,515 patients) and the validation cohort (6,650 patients). In the training cohort, multivariate Cox regression showed that age, race, AJCC stage, SEER stage and surgery were independent prognostic factors for OS, while age, race, AJCC stage, TM stage, SEER stage and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for CSS. Based on the above Cox regression results, we constructed prognostic nomograms of OS and CSS in GCTC patients and found that the OS nomograms had higher C-index and AUC compared to TNM stage in the training and validation cohorts. In addition, in the training and external validation cohorts, the calibration curves showed a good consistency between the predicted and actual 3-, 5- and 10-year OS and CSS rates of the nomogram. The current prognostic nomogram can provide a personalized risk assessment for the survival of GCTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipu Mao
- Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Putuo, Shanghai 200060, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingfang Kong
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Jinhu, Huaian 211600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Distinct Proteomic Profile of Spermatozoa from Men with Seminomatous and Non-Seminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144817. [PMID: 32650378 PMCID: PMC7404221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are predominant in young males (15–44 years). Seminomatous and non-seminomatous TGCTs account for about 98% of all TGCTs cases. In this study, we aimed to compare the sperm proteome of patients with seminomatous and non-seminomatous TGCTs to identify possible protein biomarkers that could help distinguish between them in a non-invasive manner. We analyzed semen samples from patients with seminomatous or non-seminomatous TGCTs (n = 15/group) that were cryopreserved before the start of cancer treatment. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted on pooled samples (n = 3/group) and a total of 258 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The overexpression of acrosin precursor (ACR) and chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6B (CCT6B) as well as the underexpression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) in the spermatozoa of patients with non-seminomatous TGCTs were validated by western blotting conducted on individual samples (n = 6 for seminomatous group and n = 6 for non-seminomatous group). Our overall results suggest an association between the higher and faster invasiveness of non-seminomatous TGCTs and the altered protein expressions, providing important information for future studies.
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Zhu F, Bo H, Liu G, Li R, Liu Z, Fan L. SPANXN2 functions a cell migration inhibitor in testicular germ cell tumor cells. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9358. [PMID: 32612888 PMCID: PMC7319028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SPANX family members are thought to play an important role in cancer progression. The SPANXN2 is a gene expressed mainly in normal testis, but its role in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has yet to be investigated. TGCT is one of the most common solid tumors in young men and is associated with poor prognosis; however, effective prognostic indicators remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the role of SPANXN2 in TGCT development. Methods SPANXN2 expression levels were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of 14 TGCT samples and five adjacent normal tissue samples. SPANXN2 was transiently overexpressed in TGCT cells to study the consequences for cell function. The effects of SPANXN2 on cell migration were evaluated in transwell and wound healing assays. The effects on cloning ability were evaluated in colony formation assays. MTT assays and cell cycle analysis were used to detect the effects of SPANXN2 on cell proliferation. The expression levels of EMT- and AKT-related proteins in cells overexpressing SPANXN2 were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database showed SPANXN2 expression was downregulated in TGCTs which was consistent with the qRT-PCR analysis. SPANXN2 overexpression reduced cell migration and colony formation capability and downregulated expression of EMT- and AKT-related proteins, Vimentin, Snail, AKT, and p-AKT. Conclusion Our results suggest that SPANXN2 regulates TGCT cell migration via EMT- and AKT-related proteins although its role in the occurrence and development of TGCT remains to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic MedicalScience, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Bo
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic MedicalScience, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic MedicalScience, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixue Li
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic MedicalScience, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic MedicalScience, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Cancer Hospital, Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liqing Fan
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic MedicalScience, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kerr K, McAneney H, Smyth LJ, Bailie C, McKee S, McKnight AJ. A scoping review and proposed workflow for multi-omic rare disease research. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:107. [PMID: 32345347 PMCID: PMC7189570 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rare diseases face unique challenges in obtaining a diagnosis, appropriate medical care and access to support services. Whole genome and exome sequencing have increased identification of causal variants compared to single gene testing alone, with diagnostic rates of approximately 50% for inherited diseases, however integrated multi-omic analysis may further increase diagnostic yield. Additionally, multi-omic analysis can aid the explanation of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which may not be evident from single omic analyses. MAIN BODY This scoping review took a systematic approach to comprehensively search the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the grey literature databases OpenGrey / GreyLit for journal articles pertaining to multi-omics and rare disease, written in English and published prior to the 30th December 2018. Additionally, The Cancer Genome Atlas publications were searched for relevant studies and forward citation searching / screening of reference lists was performed to identify further eligible articles. Following title, abstract and full text screening, 66 articles were found to be eligible for inclusion in this review. Of these 42 (64%) were studies of multi-omics and rare cancer, two (3%) were studies of multi-omics and a pre-cancerous condition, and 22 (33.3%) were studies of non-cancerous rare diseases. The average age of participants (where known) across studies was 39.4 years. There has been a significant increase in the number of multi-omic studies in recent years, with 66.7% of included studies conducted since 2016 and 33% since 2018. Fourteen combinations of multi-omic analyses for rare disease research were returned spanning genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenomics and metabolomics. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review emphasises the value of multi-omic analysis for rare disease research in several ways compared to single omic analysis, ranging from the provision of a diagnosis, identification of prognostic biomarkers, distinct molecular subtypes (particularly for rare cancers), and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Moving forward there is a critical need for collaboration of multi-omic rare disease studies to increase the potential to generate robust outcomes and development of standardised biorepository collection and reporting structures for multi-omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Kerr
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen McAneney
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Caitlin Bailie
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Shane McKee
- Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
- Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland.
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Hauser S, Kaminski A, Syring I, Holdenrieder S, Dieckmann KP, Muller SC, Ellinger J. Evaluation of Serum Biomarkers (FGF-2, HGF, MIF and PTN) in Patients With Testicular Germ Cell Cancer. In Vivo 2020; 33:1935-1940. [PMID: 31662522 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM FGF-2, HGF, MIF and PTN have been suggested as biomarkers for testicular germ cell cancer patients in earlier studies. Our study was designed to validate these potential novel tumor markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum FGF-2, HGF, MIF and PTN levels were analysed using an ELISA technique in a screening cohort of 20 testicular germ cell cancer patients and 10 healthy men. MIF levels were measured in a validation cohort of 84 patients with testicular cancer, 24 with non-malignant testicular tumors and 64 healthy men. RESULTS Serum FGF-2, HGF and PTN levels did not differ in cancer patients and healthy males within the screening cohort, whereas MIF was significantly increased among cancer patients. Within the validation cohort, a modest but insignificant increase of serum MIF was observed in TGCT patients compared to healthy men. MIF levels were not correlated with adverse clinical-pathological parameters. CONCLUSION FGF-2, HGF, MIF and PTN are not suitable as non-invasive biomarkers for testicular germ cell cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hauser
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Kaminski
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabella Syring
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan C Muller
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jorg Ellinger
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Bonn, Germany
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Siddiqui BA, Zhang M, Pisters LL, Tu SM. Systemic therapy for primary and extragonadal germ cell tumors: prognosis and nuances of treatment. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:S56-S65. [PMID: 32055486 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common solid tumors in young men. These cancers represent a success story of modern medicine in our ability to cure young patients and offer decades of life, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 95%. This review outlines the staging and risk classification of testicular cancers, and reviews the current state of knowledge and standard of care for the systemic treatment of testicular germ cell tumors with chemotherapy, focusing on the relevant clinical data supporting each treatment regimen. This review also briefly highlights current areas of active investigation, notably in the relapsed and refractory setting, including ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Siddiqui
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis L Pisters
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shi-Ming Tu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Thomas KL, Jeong D, Montilla-Soler J, Feuerlein S. The role of diagnostic imaging in the primary testicular cancer: initial staging, response assessment and surveillance. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:S3-S13. [PMID: 32055480 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancers are a group of uncommon malignancies that account for less than 1% of new cancer cases per year in the United States and globally. The disease typically affects men between the ages of 20-44, and the overwhelming majority of tumors are germ cell in origin. Most cases of testicular cancer are organ confined at diagnosis and have a good overall prognosis. Testicular cancers are staged by the tumor, node, metastasis, serum markers (TNMS) classification set forth by the American Joint Commission on Cancer staging. Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in initial staging, specifically in assessing the primary tumor prior to orchiectomy and evaluating for regional and/or distant metastasis. Multimodality imaging is used for initial staging, with ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) most commonly utilized. Diagnostic imaging is also important in evaluating response in patients who initially present with metastatic disease as well as in patients who are undergoing surveillance. Typically, CT is used for response assessment and surveillance, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) serving as adjunct modalities. This article reviews the role of various diagnostic imaging modalities and how they are employed in the diagnosis, staging, response assessment and surveillance of primary testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Thomas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Jeong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jaime Montilla-Soler
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sebastian Feuerlein
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Correlations between Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios and Health Care Disparities in Testicular Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010130. [PMID: 31878112 PMCID: PMC6982062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is associated with the clinical outcomes of different types of cancer as well as the ranking of health care systems. However, the association between MIRs for testicular cancer and health care disparities, including differences in expenditures and health system rankings, has not yet been reported. We used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (CC) to analyze the correlation between testicular cancer MIRs and both total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) health system rankings. After screening the data for quality and missing information, 57 countries were chosen for analysis. Generally, developed countries and regions had relatively high rates of incidence/mortality, but with a favorable MIR. Among the continents, Europe had the highest incidence rates, whereas the highest MIRs were in Africa. Globally, favorable testicular cancer MIRs were observed in countries with both a high e/GDP and a good WHO ranking (R2 = 0.325, p < 0.001 and CC = −0.568, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.367, p < 0.001 and CC = 0.655, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the MIR for testicular cancer varies in countries and regions based on both their total health expenditure and their health care system ranking.
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Environmental Pollution as a Risk Factor in Testicular Tumour Development: Focus on the Interaction between Bisphenol A and the Associated Immune Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214113. [PMID: 31731436 PMCID: PMC6862157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which animals and humans are highly exposed. Many reports have established a relationship between BPA exposure and breast cancer incidence, especially during critical periods of development. However, its effects on the immune response in testicular tumour growth have not yet been described. Thus, we wanted to analyse the effect of perinatal BPA exposure in pregnant female mice and the immune response modulation and tumour growth in an intratesticular cancer model in offspring male mice. Pregnant female mice were exposed to a dose of 250 mg/kg/day/body weight of BPA in their drinking water. In adulthood, male offspring underwent intrascrotal inoculation with 4T1 cancer cells. On day 21 after inoculation, mice were euthanised, and serum was obtained to measure BPA levels using HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. The percentages of immune cell populations in peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), the spleen and tumours were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, the tumour expression of IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β was analysed by RT-PCR. Of note, we found detectable circulating levels of BPA in the offspring of mothers exposed to it while pregnant. Remarkably, BPA treatment promoted tumour growth by about 75% compared to mice coming from female mice that did not receive the compound. Perinatal exposure to BPA modulated the percentages of different immune cells in the spleen and PLN. In addition, the expression of inflammatory-related cytokines (IL-10 and TNF-α) in the tumours was significantly enhanced compared to control and vehicle groups. In conclusion, the perinatal BPA administration in pregnant female mice modulated different cellular and molecular immune components that resulted in outstanding testicular tumour size in male offspring.
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Ribeiro N, Moreira L, Almeida AMP, Santos-Silva F. Can Smartphones Promote Cancer Prevention Behaviours in Healthy Young Adults? A Prospective Study. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:847-853. [PMID: 29931456 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer prevention should start as early as possible. Young adults would benefit largely from the use of a smartphone app aiming at promoting cancer prevention behaviours. The aims of the study described in this paper are to (1) examine the user participation and engagement with a cancer prevention app in real-life settings and (2) assess changes in the users' cancer prevention behaviours. A cancer prevention smartphone app called Happy was developed and released to the general population. Data from registered app users' (N = 3326) demographics and baseline cancer prevention behaviours was analysed. App engagement was measured and all behaviour data logged through the app was analysed to assess the effectiveness of the app in the promotion of cancer prevention behaviours. User demographics and baseline behaviour assessment show that the app reached its intended target population: young adults that generally do not comply with cancer prevention guidelines. Logged behavioural data showed an increased frequency in several cancer prevention behaviours and a significant increase in the overall putative cancer prevention level (p < 0.001). However, user engagement with the app was limited and might condition the long-term impact of such changes. Happy reached its intended population and seems to be an effective tool to promote cancer prevention. Further research is needed to fully assess its long-term persuasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Departamento de Comunicação e Arte, DigiMedia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís Moreira
- RECI - Research in Education and Community Intervention, Escola Superior de Saúde Jean Piaget de Vila Nova de Gaia, Instituto Piaget, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Santos-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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45
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Lian B, Zhang W, Wang T, Yang Q, Jia Z, Chen H, Wang L, Xu J, Wang W, Cao K, Gao X, Sun Y, Shao C, Liu Z, Li J. Clinical Benefit of Sorafenib Combined with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin to a Patient with Metastatic Chemotherapy-Refractory Testicular Tumors. Oncologist 2019; 24:e1437-e1442. [PMID: 31492770 PMCID: PMC6975956 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is one of the few tumor types that have not yet benefited from targeted therapy. Still no new active agents for treating this cancer have been identified over the past 15 years. Once patients are refractory to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, they will be expected to die from testicular cancer. This report describes a 21-year-old man who was refractory to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Whole exome sequencing and low-depth whole genome sequencing confirmed the KRAS gene amplification, which may lead to the tumor cells' progression and proliferation. After discussion at the molecular tumor board, the patient was offered paclitaxel, carboplatin, and sorafenib (CPS) based on a phase III clinical trial of melanoma with KRAS gene copy gains. After treatment with CPS, the patient achieved excellent curative effects. Because of a nearly 50% frequency of KRAS amplification in chemotherapy-refractory testicular germ cells, CPS regimen may provide a new therapy, but it still warrants further validation in clinical studies. KEY POINTS: Chemotherapy-refractory testicular cancer has a very poor prognosis resulting in a lack of effective targeted therapies. KRAS gene amplification occurs in nearly 20% of testicular cancer and 50% of chemotherapy-refractory testicular cancer. KRAS amplification may activate the MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibition of MAPK by sorafenib combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin could be a viable option based on a phase III clinical trial of melanoma.To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of response to sorafenib-based combination targeted therapy in a patient with chemotherapy-refractory testicular cancer.Clinical genomic profiling can confirm copy number variation of testicular cancer and provide insights on therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Lian
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiegong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zepeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Radiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Shao
- Department of Radiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Urology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Molecular Basis of Cisplatin Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091316. [PMID: 31500094 PMCID: PMC6769617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the main cause of treatment failure and death in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), but its biologic background is poorly understood. To study the molecular basis of CDDP resistance in TGCT we prepared and sequenced CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines as well as 31 primary patients' samples. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased the CDDP resistance 10 times in the NCCIT cell line, while no major resistance was achieved in Tera-2. Development of CDDP resistance was accompanied by changes in the cell cycle (increase in G1 and decrease in S-fraction), increased number of acquired mutations, of which 3 were present within ATRX gene, as well as changes in gene expression pattern. Copy number variation analysis showed, apart from obligatory gain of 12p, several other large-scale gains (chr 1, 17, 20, 21) and losses (chr X), with additional more CNVs found in CDDP-resistant cells (e.g., further losses on chr 1, 4, 18, and gain on chr 8). In the patients' samples, those who developed CDDP resistance and died of TGCT (2/31) showed high numbers of acquired aberrations, both SNPs and CNVs, and harbored mutations in genes potentially relevant to TGCT development (e.g., TRERF1, TFAP2C in one patient, MAP2K1 and NSD1 in another one). Among all primary tumor samples, the most commonly mutated gene was NSD1, affected in 9/31 patients. This gene encoding histone methyl transferase was also downregulated and identified among the 50 most differentially expressed genes in CDDP-resistant NCCIT cell line. Interestingly, 2/31 TGCT patients harbored mutations in the ATRX gene encoding a chromatin modifier that has been shown to have a critical function in sexual differentiation. Our research newly highlights its probable involvement also in testicular tumors. Both findings support the emerging role of altered epigenetic gene regulation in TGCT and CDDP resistance development.
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Abhulimen V, Raphael EJ. Testicular Cancer at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A 10-year Retrospective Review. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2019; 9:21-26. [PMID: 35520106 PMCID: PMC9063532 DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_903_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancers are rare malignancies. They are however very common in males aged 15-40 years. Reports of increasing incidence of testicular cancer in western countries have been noted. Despite the increasing incidence, mortality has remained low in these countries. There are few publications on the management of testicular tumors in Nigeria. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the hospital prevalence and highlight our experience in the management of patients with testicular cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a 10-year retrospective study on patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed testicular cancer from January 2009 to December 2018. The case records were retrieved. Data obtained included biodata, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment received and outcomes. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS Eleven patients with testicular cancer were managed during the study period, constituting 0.01% of new cases seen in the hospital. Peak age was 20-29 years (54.55%), with a mean age of 29.27 ± 9.51yrs. The most common presentation was painless scrotal swelling, observed in nine (81.8%) patients. Nine (81.8%) patients presented six months or more after onset of symptoms with advanced disease. Distant metastasis was seen in two (18.2%) patients. Right sided disease was found in seven (63.6%) and left sided disease in four (36.4%). All had radical inguinal orchidectomy. The most common histological diagnosis was seminoma in 8 (72.7%) patients. All the subjects were offered four courses of chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. However, only four (36.4%) completed the chemotherapy. A statistically significant association was observed between the duration of symptoms and the disease stage (P = 0.003), and between number of chemotherapy sessions and survival (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Testicular cancer was an uncommon condition in the catchment area of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, affecting relatively young men. The commonest presenting complaint was painless scrotal swelling. Most patients presented with Stage II disease, with seminoma being the commonest histopathology. All had surgical treatment; adjuvant chemotherapy improved 5-year survival. Public education is necessary to surmount sociocultural barriers to effective management of testicular tumors in our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Abhulimen
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - E. J. Raphael
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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48
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Das MK, Evensen HSF, Furu K, Haugen TB. miRNA-302s may act as oncogenes in human testicular germ cell tumours. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9189. [PMID: 31235829 PMCID: PMC6591358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) represents the most common malignancy in young men in large parts of the world, but the aetiology is yet unclear. Multiple TGCT susceptibility loci have been identified, and we have shown that one of these, SPRY4, may act as a TGCT oncogene. Furthermore, many of the loci are in non-coding regions of the genome. miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs may play a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and alteration in their expression may lead to oncogenesis. Differential expression of miRNAs in TGCT and normal testis has been reported in previous studies. In this study, we used qPCR to analyse, in normal and malignant testis tissue, the expression of the ten miRNAs that we had previously identified by sequencing to be the most upregulated in TGCT. We found high expression of these miRNAs also by qPCR analysis. The levels of miR-302a-3p, miR-302b-3p, and miR-302c-3p were downregulated after treatment of the TGCT cell lines NT2-D1 and 833 K with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. By using miRNA inhibitor-mediated transient transfection, we inhibited the expression of the three members of miR-302 family (miR-302s). Inhibition of miR-302s resulted in a decreased cell proliferation in NT2-D1 cells, but not in 833 K cells. In both cell lines, inhibition of miR-302s resulted in decreased expression of SPRY4, which we have previously shown to regulate MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways in these cells. Inhibition of miR-302b-3p and miR-302c-3p decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas inhibition of miR-302a-3p and miR-302b-3p led to decreased expression of the apoptosis inhibitor, survivin. Our findings suggest that miR-302s act as TGCT oncogenes by inducing the expression of SPRY4 and activating MAPK/ERK pathway while inhibiting apoptosis via increased survivin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Das
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Herman S F Evensen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Furu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Registry, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine B Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Syu SH, Chang CL, Shih HJ. Testicular mixed germ cell tumor presenting with seizure as the initial symptom: a case report and literature review. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:629-633. [PMID: 30912892 PMCID: PMC6786113 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with testicular germ cell tumor present with a painless scrotal mass. We report a 19-year-old patient who presented with neurological complains. Rapid clinical progression to coma was noted during the staging work up. A diagnosis of testicular mixed germ cell tumor with multiorgan metastasis (lymph node, lung, liver and brain) was made. Patients with brain metastasis should receive chemotherapy alone or combined with surgery or radiotherapy. Because the clinical symptoms deteriorated quickly, surgery was used upfront followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the brain tumor. After the first stage of treatment, the clinical symptoms, tumor markers and imaging findings were improved. The residual brain tumor was eliminated by chemotherapy, and only sparse degenerated tumor cells were noted in the brain tissue. Longer follow up is required to assess the impact of our treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Hao Syu
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Hematology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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50
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Kaushik A, Bhartiya D. Pluripotent Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells in Adult Testes - An Alternate Premise to Explain Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:793-800. [PMID: 30238242 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors has resulted in the increased incidence of infertility and testicular germ cell tumors (T2GCT) in young men residing in developed countries. Unlike T1GCT (infants and young children) and T3GCT (aged men), T2GCT arise from CIS/GCNIS that develops from pre-CIS. Pre-CIS represents undifferentiated, growth-arrested gonocytes that persist in fetal testes due to endocrine disruption. However, whether pre-CIS truly exist, do CIS develop into T2GCT, why no CIS in T1GCT/T3GCT, why germ cell tumors (GCT) also occur along midline at extra-gonadal sites, why T1GCT show partial erasure and T2GCT show complete erasure of genomic imprints are open questions that are awaiting answers. We propose that rather than pre-CIS, pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) get affected by exposure to endocrine disruption. Since VSELs are developmentally equivalent to primordial germ cells (PGCs), T2GCT cells show complete erasure of genomic imprints and CIS represents growth-arrested clonally expanding stem/progenitor cells. PGCs/VSELs migrate along the midline to various organs and this explains why GCT occur along the midline, T1GCT show partial erasure of imprints as they develop from migrating PGCs. T3GCT possibly reflects effects of aging due to compromised differentiation and expansion of pre-meiotic spermatocytes. Absent spermatogenesis in pre-pubertal and aged testes explains absence of CIS in T1GCT and T3GCT. Endocrine disruptors possibly alter epigenetic state of VSELs and thus rather than maintaining normal tissue homeostasis, VSELs undergo increased proliferation and compromised differentiation resulting in reduced sperm count, infertility and TGCT. This newly emerging understanding offers alternate premise to explain TGCT and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kaushik
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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