1
|
Jain U, Johari S, Srivastava P. Current Insights of Nanocarrier-Mediated Gene Therapeutics to Treat Potential Impairment of Amyloid Beta Protein and Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1969-1989. [PMID: 37831361 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the major type of dementia and most progressive, irreversible widespread neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly worldwide. The prime hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). In spite of recent advances and developments in targeting the hallmarks of AD, symptomatic medications that promise neuroprotective activity against AD are currently unable to treat degenerating brain clinically or therapeutically and show little efficacy. The extensive progress of AD therapies over time has resulted in the advent of disease-modifying medications with the potential to alleviate AD. However, due to the presence of a defensive connection between the vascular system and the neural tissues known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), directing these medications to the site of action in the degenerating brain is the key problem. BBB acts as a highly selective semipermeable membrane that prevents any type of foreign substance from entering the microenvironment of neurons. To overcome this limitation, the revolutionary approach of nanoparticle(NP)/nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery system has marked the era with its unique property to cross, avoid, or disrupt the defensive BBB efficiently and release the modified drug at the target site of action. After comprehensive data mining, this review focuses on the detailed understanding of different types of nanoparticle(NP)/nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery system like liposomes, micelles, gold nanoparticles(NP), polymeric NPs, etc. which have promising potential in carrying the desired drug(cargo) to the location in the degenerated brain thus mitigating the Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unnati Jain
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Adhyatmik Nagar, NH09, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surabhi Johari
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Adhyatmik Nagar, NH09, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Adhyatmik Nagar, NH09, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jutzeler CR, Bourguignon L, Tong B, Ronca E, Bailey E, Harel NY, Geisler F, Ferguson AR, Kwon BK, Cragg JJ, Grassner L, Kramer JLK. Pharmacological management of acute spinal cord injury: a longitudinal multi-cohort observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5434. [PMID: 37012257 PMCID: PMC10070428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple types and classes of medications are administered in the acute management of traumatic spinal cord injury. Prior clinical studies and evidence from animal models suggest that several of these medications could modify (i.e., enhance or impede) neurological recovery. We aimed to systematically determine the types of medications commonly administered, alone or in combination, in the transition from acute to subacute spinal cord injury. For that purpose, type, class, dosage, timing, and reason for administration were extracted from two large spinal cord injury datasets. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the medications administered within the first 60 days after spinal cord injury. Across 2040 individuals with spinal cord injury, 775 unique medications were administered within the two months after injury. On average, patients enrolled in a clinical trial were administered 9.9 ± 4.9 (range 0-34), 14.3 ± 6.3 (range 1-40), 18.6 ± 8.2 (range 0-58), and 21.5 ± 9.7 (range 0-59) medications within the first 7, 14, 30, and 60 days post-injury, respectively. Those enrolled in an observational study were administered on average 1.7 ± 1.7 (range 0-11), 3.7 ± 3.7 (range 0-24), 8.5 ± 6.3 (range 0-42), and 13.5 ± 8.3 (range 0-52) medications within the first 7, 14, 30, and 60 days post-injury, respectively. Polypharmacy was commonplace (up to 43 medications per day per patient). Approximately 10% of medications were administered acutely as prophylaxis (e.g., against the development of pain or infections). To our knowledge, this was the first time acute pharmacological practices have been comprehensively examined after spinal cord injury. Our study revealed a high degree of polypharmacy in the acute stages of spinal cord injury, raising the potential to impact neurological recovery. All results can be interactively explored on the RXSCI web site ( https://jutzelec.shinyapps.io/RxSCI/ ) and GitHub repository ( https://github.com/jutzca/Acute-Pharmacological-Treatment-in-SCI/ ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Jutzeler
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lucie Bourguignon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bobo Tong
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elias Ronca
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bailey
- James J Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Noam Y Harel
- James J Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fred Geisler
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn J Cragg
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - John L K Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Hugill Centre for Anesthesia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sood P, Singh V, Shri R. Morus alba fruit diet ameliorates cognitive deficit in mouse model of streptozotocin-induced memory impairment. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1657-1669. [PMID: 36947332 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that dietary intake of fruits with polyphenols is beneficial to improve impaired memory functions. This study explored the preventive as well as therapeutic effects of diet enriched with Morus alba fruits extract (DEMA) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced mouse model of memory impairment. The study consisted of two facets: one aspect consisted of pretreatment of animals with DEMA for two weeks followed by STZ (i.c.v) intervention and the second phase involved induction of dementia with STZ (i.c.v) followed by treatment with DEMA for 14 days. Cognitive functions of animals were measured by Morris Water Maze test and to delineate the associated mechanism of action, brain biochemical estimations (acetyl-cholinesterase activity, myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione and nitrite/nitrate) and histopathological studies (haematoxylin and eosin staining) were performed. Pre- and post- treatment with DEMA significantly prevented and attenuated, respectively, the detrimental effects of STZ on mice brain. The results demonstrated that dietary modification, by incorporation of M. alba fruits, reduces the incidence and aids in treatment of memory disorder in mice by reducing central cholinergic activity, decreasing oxidative stress and preventing neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng S, Li F, Yu K, Zhou F, Yu H, Liu H, Guo J, Li G, Wang C, Yan X, Li Z. Integrating transcriptome and chemical analyses to reveal the anti-Alzheimer's disease components in Verbena officinalis Linn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955075. [PMID: 35991454 PMCID: PMC9386363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Verbena officinalis Linn. is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a long history of application and shows good effects on neuroprotection. Therefore, we consider that V. officinalis may be a potential drug for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). First, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) pointed out that the main chemical components in V. officinalis were iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and flavonoids. These compounds were used for molecular docking and the results showed that these compounds had good anti-AD activity. To explore the biosynthetic pathway of anti-AD components in V. officinalis, UPLC and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry were used for contents determination and the result was leaf > stem > root. At the same time, 92,867 unigenes were annotated in V. officinalis transcriptome; 206, 229, 115 related unigenes were, respectively, annotated in iridoid glycoside, phenylethanoid glycoside, and flavonoid pathway, of which 61, 73, and 35 were differential expression genes. The components had relatively high expression in leaves, which was consistent with the quantitative results. In addition, the tissue distribution particularity of verbenalin may be related to the branching of pathways. Meanwhile transcription factors VoWRKY6 and VoWRKY7 may be involved in the regulation of iridoid glycoside biosynthesis. Further, VoWRKY3, VoWRKY9, and VoWRKY12 may be related to flavonoid biosynthesis. The above research is helpful to explore the biosynthetic pathway of anti-AD components and the regulation mechanism of active components and to further explore the anti-AD effect of V. officinalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Peng
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuo Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengshu Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vecchio I, Sorrentino L, Paoletti A, Marra R, Arbitrio M. The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211029113. [PMID: 34285627 PMCID: PMC8267037 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211029113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disabling disease that affects the central nervous system. The main consequences of AD include the decline of cognitive functions and language disorders. One of the causes leading to AD is the decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, in part due to a higher activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its degradation. Many acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), both natural and synthetic, have been developed and used through the years to counteract the progression of the disease. The first of such drugs approved for a therapeutic use was tacrine, that binds through a reversible bond to the enzyme. However, tacrine has since been withdrawn because of its adverse effects. Currently, donepezil and galantamine are very promising AChEIs with clinical benefits. Moreover, rivastigmine is considered a pseudo-irreversible compound with anti-AChE action, providing similar effects at the clinical level. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what has been published over the last decade on the effectiveness of AChEIs in AD, analysing the most relevant issues under the clinical and methodological profiles and the consequent possible welfare effects for the whole world. Furthermore, novel drugs and possible therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Vecchio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Paoletti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Marra
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer's Disease: Causes and Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5789. [PMID: 33302541 PMCID: PMC7764106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder that causes degeneration of the cells in the brain and it is the main cause of dementia, which is characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in personal daily activities. AD is considered a multifactorial disease: two main hypotheses were proposed as a cause for AD, cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses. Additionally, several risk factors such as increasing age, genetic factors, head injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and environmental factors play a role in the disease. Currently, there are only two classes of approved drugs to treat AD, including inhibitors to cholinesterase enzyme and antagonists to N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA), which are effective only in treating the symptoms of AD, but do not cure or prevent the disease. Nowadays, the research is focusing on understanding AD pathology by targeting several mechanisms, such as abnormal tau protein metabolism, β-amyloid, inflammatory response, and cholinergic and free radical damage, aiming to develop successful treatments that are capable of stopping or modifying the course of AD. This review discusses currently available drugs and future theories for the development of new therapies for AD, such as disease-modifying therapeutics (DMT), chaperones, and natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu T, Li S, Liang WQ, Li SS, Lu MN, Chen B, Zhang L, Mao R, Ding WH, Gao WW, Chen SW, XiYang YB, Zhang J, Wang XY. Notoginsenoside R1-Induced Neuronal Repair in Models of Alzheimer Disease Is Associated With an Alteration in Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Which Is Regulated by Nav. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:280. [PMID: 33088260 PMCID: PMC7500285 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is characterized by a progressive cognitive deficit and may be associated with an aberrant hyperexcitability of the neuronal network. Notoginsenoside R1 (R1), a major activity ingredient from Panax notoginseng, has demonstrated favorable changes in neuronal plasticity and induced neuroprotective effects in brain injuries, resulting from various disorders, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to explore the possible neuroprotective effects induced by R1 in a mouse model of AD and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Treatment with R1 significantly improved learning and memory functions and redressed neuronal hyperexcitability in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 mice by altering the numbers and/or distribution of the members of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav). Moreover, we determined whether R1 contributed to the regulation of neuronal excitability in Aβ-42–injured cells. Results of our study demonstrated that treatment with R1 rescued Aβ1-42–induced injured neurons by increasing cell viability. R1-induced alleviation in neuronal hyperexcitability might be associated with reduced Navβ2 cleavage, which partially reversed the abnormal distribution of Nav1.1α. These results suggested that R1 played a vital role in the recovery of Aβ1-42–induced neuronal injury and hyperexcitability, which is regulated by Nav proteins. Therefore, R1 may be a promising candidate in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Qi Liang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Experimental Teaching Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Editorial Department of Journal of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medicine University, Kunming, China
| | - Wan-Hai Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Bin XiYang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zagórska A, Jaromin A. Perspectives for New and More Efficient Multifunctional Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3337. [PMID: 32717806 PMCID: PMC7435667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous research efforts at every level, globally, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical mechanisms of this devastating neurodegenerative disease are not yet clearly understood. This review analyses the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery for AD as a versatile toolbox for a polypharmacological approach to AD. Herein, we highlight major targets associated with AD, ranging from acetylcholine esterase (AChE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, monoamine oxidases (MAOs), metal ions in the brain, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, the third subtype of histamine receptor (H3 receptor), to phosphodiesterases (PDEs), along with a summary of their respective relationship to the disease network. In addition, a multitarget strategy for AD is presented, based on reported milestones in this area and the recent progress that has been achieved with multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs). Finally, the latest publications referencing the enlarged panel of new biological targets for AD related to the microglia are highlighted. However, the question of how to find meaningful combinations of targets for an MTDLs approach remains unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Das BC, Dasgupta S, Ray SK. Potential therapeutic roles of retinoids for prevention of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1880-1892. [PMID: 31290437 PMCID: PMC6676868 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
All retinoids, which can be natural and synthetic, are chemically related to vitamin A. Both natural and synthetic retinoids use specific nuclear receptors such as retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors to activate specific signaling pathways in the cells. Retinoic acid signaling is extremely important in the central nervous system. Impairment of retinoic acid signaling pathways causes severe pathological processes in the central nervous system, especially in the adult brain. Retinoids have major roles in neural patterning, differentiation, axon outgrowth in normal development, and function of the brain. Impaired retinoic acid signaling results in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and neurodegeneration leading to progressive Alzheimer's disease, which is pathologically characterized by extra-neuronal accumulation of amyloid plaques (aggregated amyloid-beta) and intra-neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau protein) in the temporal lobe of the brain. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and loss of memory in old adults. Inactive cholinergic neurotransmission is responsible for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients. Deficiency or deprivation of retinoic acid in mice is associated with loss of spatial learning and memory. Retinoids inhibit expression of chemokines and neuroinflammatory cytokines in microglia and astrocytes, which are activated in Alzheimer's disease. Stimulation of retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors slows down accumulation of amyloids, reduces neurodegeneration, and thereby prevents pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in mice. In this review, we described chemistry and biochemistry of some natural and synthetic retinoids and potentials of retinoids for prevention of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C. Das
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Somsankar Dasgupta
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Investigating the effects of different natural molecules on the structure and oligomerization propensity of hen egg-white lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Browne D, McGuinness B, Woodside JV, McKay GJ. Vitamin E and Alzheimer's disease: what do we know so far? Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1303-1317. [PMID: 31409980 PMCID: PMC6645610 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s186760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E has been proposed as a potential clinical intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) given the plausibility of its various biological functions in influencing the neurodegenerative processes associated with the condition. The tocopherol and tocotrienol isoforms of vitamin E have multiple properties including potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics, in addition to influences on immune function, cellular signalling and lowering cholesterol. Several of these roles offer a theoretical rationale for providing benefit for the treatment of AD-associated pathology. Diminished circulating concentrations of vitamin E have been demonstrated in individuals with AD. Reduced plasma levels have furthermore been associated with an increased risk of AD development while intake, particularly from dietary sources, may limit or reduce the rate of disease progression. This benefit may be linked to synergistic actions between vitamin E isoforms and other micronutrients. Nevertheless, randomised trials have found limited and inconsistent evidence of vitamin E supplementation as an effective clinical intervention. Thus, despite a strong rationale in support of a beneficial role for vitamin E for the treatment of AD, the evidence remains inconclusive. Several factors may partly explain this discrepancy and represent the difficulties of translating complex laboratory evidence and dietary interactions into clinical interventions. Methodological design limitations of existing randomised trials and restrictions to supplementation with a single vitamin E isoform may also limit the influence of effect. Moreover, several factors influence individual responsiveness to vitamin E intake and recent findings suggest variation in the underlying genetic architecture attenuates vitamin E biological availability and activity which likely contributes to the variation in clinical responsiveness and the failure of randomised trials to date. Importantly, the clinical safety of vitamin E remains controversial and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Declan Browne
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gareth J McKay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balthazar J, Schöwe NM, Cipolli GC, Buck HS, Viel TA. Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Improving Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:288. [PMID: 30319394 PMCID: PMC6168651 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a progressive dementia, and there is good evidence that it is more pronounced in individuals that have fewer stimuli during their lives. Environmental stimulation promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, leading to amplification of cognitive functions, and has been described in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enriched environment (EE) stimulation on spatial memory and senile plaque formation in transgenic mice PDGFB-APPSwInd (TG) that overexpress the human amyloid precursor protein, normally resulting in an increased density of senile plaques. We compared this group of EE stimulated transgenic mice (TG-EE) with an EE stimulated control group of age-matched C57Bl/6 wild type animals (WT-EE). Both groups were exposed to EE stimulation between the ages of 8 and 12 months. As controls of the experiment, there were a group of TG mice not exposed to EE (TG-Ctrl) and a group of WT mice not exposed to EE (WT-Ctrl). The TG-EE group presented improved spatial memory when compared to the TG-Ctrl animals. In addition, the TG-EE group showed a 69.2% reduction in the total density of senile plaques in the hippocampus when compared to the TG-Ctrl group. In this group, the concentration of senile plaques was greater in the dorsal part of the hippocampus, which is linked to spatial localization, and the reduction of this density after the submission to EE was as high as 85.1%. EE stimulation had no effect on the density of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. However, amyloid scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) density was significantly decreased in the TG-Ctrl mice, but not in the TG-EE mice, suggesting that cognitive stimulation had an effect on the formation of a cognitive reserve that could prevent the accumulation of senile plaques. It is suggested that the stimulation of old mice by EE for 4 months led to the formation of brain resilience that protected the brain from the deposition of senile plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD, leading to improvement in spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Balthazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mendes Schöwe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Review on the Relationship between Tocotrienol and Alzheimer Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070881. [PMID: 29987193 PMCID: PMC6073491 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is plaguing the aging population worldwide due to its tremendous health care and socioeconomic burden. Current treatment of AD only offers symptomatic relief to patients. Development of agents targeting specific pathologies of AD is very slow. Tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family, can tackle many aspects of AD, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal cholesterol synthesis. This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of tocotrienol as a neuroprotective agent. Preclinical studies showed that tocotrienol could reduce oxidative stress by acting as a free-radical scavenger and promoter of mitochondrial function and cellular repair. It also prevented glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the cells. Human epidemiological studies showed a significant inverse relationship between tocotrienol levels and the occurrence of AD. However, there is no clinical trial to support the claim that tocotrienol can delay or prevent the onset of AD. As a conclusion, tocotrienol has the potential to be developed as an AD-preventing agent but further studies are required to validate its efficacy in humans.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cao KJ, Elbel KM, Cifelli JL, Cirera J, Sigurdson CJ, Paesani F, Theodorakis EA, Yang J. Solvation-Guided Design of Fluorescent Probes for Discrimination of Amyloids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6950. [PMID: 29725045 PMCID: PMC5934448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in the brain is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. While their exact role in neurodegeneration remains unclear, the presence of these amyloid deposits often precedes clinical symptoms. As a result, recent progress in imaging methods that utilize amyloid-specific small molecule probes have become a promising avenue for antemortem disease diagnosis. Here, we present a series of amino-aryl cyanoacrylate (AACA) fluorophores that show a turn-on fluorescence signal upon binding to amyloids in solution and in tissue. Using a theoretical model for environmental sensitivity of fluorescence together with ab initio computational modeling of the effects of polar environment on electron density distribution and conformational dynamics, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a set of fluorophores that (1) bind to aggregated forms of Alzheimer’s-related β-amyloid peptides with low micromolar to high nanomolar affinities and (2) have the capability to fluorescently discriminate different amyloids based on differences in amino acid composition within the binding pocket through exploitation of their solvatochromic properties. These studies showcase the rational design of a family of amyloid-binding imaging agents that could be integrated with new optical approaches for the clinical diagnosis of amyloidoses, where accurate identification of the specific neurodegenerative disease could aid in the selection of a proper course for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Kristyna M Elbel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jessica L Cifelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció d'Inorgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona,c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | | | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nickel F, Barth J, Kolominsky-Rabas PL. Health economic evaluations of non-pharmacological interventions for persons with dementia and their informal caregivers: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2018. [PMID: 29523090 PMCID: PMC5845149 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review aims to review the literature on trial-based economic evaluations of non-pharmacological interventions directly targeted at persons with dementia as well as persons with mild cognitive impairment and their respective caregivers. Methods A systematic literature research was conducted for the timeframe from 2010 to 2016 in the following databases: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, EconLit, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PubMed. Study quality was assessed according to the Drummond criteria. Results In total sixteen publications were identified. Health economic evaluations indicated the cost-effectiveness of physical exercise interventions and occupational therapy. There was also evidence to suggest that psychological and behavioral therapies are cost-effective. Health economic studies investigating psychosocial interventions mainly targeted towards informal caregivers showed inconsistent results. Conclusions Due to the increasing prevalence of dementia non-pharmacological interventions and their health economic impact are of increasing importance for health care decision-makers and HTA agencies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0751-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Nickel
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,National Graduate College 'Optimisation strategies in Dementia - OptiDem', Karl and Veronica Carstens-Foundation, Essen, Germany.
| | - Janina Barth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,National Graduate College 'Optimisation strategies in Dementia - OptiDem', Karl and Veronica Carstens-Foundation, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter L Kolominsky-Rabas
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,National Graduate College 'Optimisation strategies in Dementia - OptiDem', Karl and Veronica Carstens-Foundation, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan HC, Chi CS, Lee YJ, Tsai JD, Lin SZ, Harn HJ. The Role of Gene Editing in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:364-378. [PMID: 29766738 PMCID: PMC6038035 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717753378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), at least including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases, have become the most dreaded maladies because there are no precise diagnostic tools or definite treatments for these debilitating diseases. The increased prevalence and a substantial impact on the social-economic and medical care of NDs propel governments to develop policies to counteract the impact. Although the etiologies of NDs are still unknown, growing evidence suggests that genetic, cellular, and circuit alternations may cause the generation of abnormal misfolded proteins, which uncontrolledly accumulate to damage and eventually overwhelm the protein-disposal mechanisms of these neurons, leading to a common pathological feature of NDs. If the functions and the connectivity can be restored, alterations and accumulated damages may improve. The gene-editing tools including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nucleases (CRISPR/CAS) have emerged as a novel tool not only for generating specific ND animal models for interrogating the mechanisms and screening potential drugs against NDs but also for the editing sequence-specific genes to help patients with NDs to regain function and connectivity. This review introduces the clinical manifestations of three distinct NDs and the applications of the gene-editing technology on these debilitating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jing Lee
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mo J, Li J, Yang Z, Liu Z, Feng J. Efficacy and safety of anti-amyloid- β immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:931-942. [PMID: 29296624 PMCID: PMC5740249 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To review the optimality and safety of different anti-Amyloid-β(Aβ) immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Published randomized controlled trials were comprehensively reviewed from electronic databases (Cochrane library, Embase, Pubmed, and Google scholar). Pooled outcomes as mean difference or odds ratio values with 95% confidence interval were reported. The network estimates with confidence and predictive intervals for all pairwise relative effects was evaluated. Optimal intervention was ranked by benefit-risk ratio based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Eleven eligible RCTs from 9 literatures, including 5141 patients and 5 interventions were included. The quality of evidence was rated low in comparisons. For efficacy, in terms of Mini-Mental State Examination, aducanumab and solanezumab are significantly effective than placebo. For safety, in terms of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA), bapineuzumab and aducanumab are significantly worse than placebo. There were no significant differences in outcomes of Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale, Disability Assessment for Dementia, Adverse Events, and mortality. Given the clinical therapeutic effects of anti-Aβ immunotherapies for AD, aducanumab and solanezumab improve the cognitive function, while aducanumab and bapineuzumab may increase the risks of ARIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jie Mo
- Department of Functional NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100061China
| | - Jin‐yu Li
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410011China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of PsychologyGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang524023China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang524023China
| | - Jin‐Shan Feng
- Scientific Research Center (Campus Zhanjiang)Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang524023China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marvanova M, Henkel PJ. Community Pharmacists' Knowledge Regarding Donepezil Averse Effects and Self-Care Recommendations for Insomnia for Persons with AD. PHARMACY 2017; 5:pharmacy5030042. [PMID: 28970454 PMCID: PMC5622354 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy5030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Since no cure is currently available, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are symptomatic therapy. This study assessed community pharmacists' knowledge regarding donepezil adverse effects (AEs) and self-care recommendations for insomnia management for persons with AD treated with rivastigmine. This is a cross-sectional, standardized telephone survey of community pharmacists (n = 862) in three study areas: West Virginia, North Dakota/South Dakota, and Southern Oregon/Northern California. Pharmacists' degree, sex, and pharmacists' AD-related knowledge were assessed. In-stock availability of donepezil and rivastigmine formulations was assessed. Analyses were performed using Stata 10.1. Only 31.4% pharmacists were able to name ≥2 donepezil AEs. Only four donepezil AEs were named by at least 13% of pharmacists: nausea (36.1%), dizziness (25.1%), diarrhea (15.0%), and vomiting (13.9%). All other AEs were named by fewer than 7% of respondents. Only 62.9% of pharmacists (n = 542) provided appropriate recommendations: melatonin (40.3%), referral to physician (22.0%), or sleep hygiene (0.6%). Over 12% of pharmacists (n = 107) provided inappropriate recommendations (anticholinergic agent or valerian root) and 21.5% of pharmacists were unable to provide any recommendation. We identified significant gaps in community pharmacists' knowledge regarding donepezil AEs and non-prescription insomnia recommendation needing significant improvement to ensure high-quality AD-related care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Marvanova
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy/College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Department 2650, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
| | - Paul Jacob Henkel
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Webster L, Groskreutz D, Grinbergs-Saull A, Howard R, O'Brien JT, Mountain G, Banerjee S, Woods B, Perneczky R, Lafortune L, Roberts C, McCleery J, Pickett J, Bunn F, Challis D, Charlesworth G, Featherstone K, Fox C, Goodman C, Jones R, Lamb S, Moniz-Cook E, Schneider J, Shepperd S, Surr C, Thompson-Coon J, Ballard C, Brayne C, Burke O, Burns A, Clare L, Garrard P, Kehoe P, Passmore P, Holmes C, Maidment I, Murtagh F, Robinson L, Livingston G. Development of a core outcome set for disease modification trials in mild to moderate dementia: a systematic review, patient and public consultation and consensus recommendations. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21:1-192. [PMID: 28625273 PMCID: PMC5494514 DOI: 10.3310/hta21260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no disease-modifying treatment available to halt or delay the progression of the disease pathology in dementia. An agreed core set of the best-available and most appropriate outcomes for disease modification would facilitate the design of trials and ensure consistency across disease modification trials, as well as making results comparable and meta-analysable in future trials. OBJECTIVES To agree a set of core outcomes for disease modification trials for mild to moderate dementia with the UK dementia research community and patient and public involvement (PPI). DATA SOURCES We included disease modification trials with quantitative outcomes of efficacy from (1) references from related systematic reviews in workstream 1; (2) searches of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group study register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and PsycINFO on 11 December 2015, and clinical trial registries [International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) and clinicaltrials.gov] on 22 and 29 January 2016; and (3) hand-searches of reference lists of relevant systematic reviews from database searches. REVIEW METHODS The project consisted of four workstreams. (1) We obtained related core outcome sets and work from co-applicants. (2) We systematically reviewed published and ongoing disease modification trials to identify the outcomes used in different domains. We extracted outcomes used in each trial, recording how many used each outcome and with how many participants. We divided outcomes into the domains measured and searched for validation data. (3) We consulted with PPI participants about recommended outcomes. (4) We presented all the synthesised information at a conference attended by the wider body of National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) dementia researchers to reach consensus on a core set of outcomes. RESULTS We included 149 papers from the 22,918 papers screened, referring to 125 individual trials. Eighty-one outcomes were used across trials, including 72 scales [31 cognitive, 12 activities of daily living (ADLs), 10 global, 16 neuropsychiatric and three quality of life] and nine biological techniques. We consulted with 18 people for PPI. The conference decided that only cognition and biological markers are core measures of disease modification. Cognition should be measured by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), and brain changes through structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subset of participants. All other domains are important but not core. We recommend using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for neuropsychiatric symptoms: the Disability Assessment for Dementia for ADLs, the Dementia Quality of Life Measure for quality of life and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale to measure dementia globally. LIMITATIONS Most of the trials included participants with Alzheimer's disease, so recommendations may not apply to other types of dementia. We did not conduct economic analyses. The PPI consultation was limited to members of the Alzheimer's Society Research Network. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive outcomes and biological markers form the core outcome set for future disease modification trials, measured by the MMSE or ADAS-Cog, and structural MRI in a subset of participants. FUTURE WORK We envisage that the core set may be superseded in the future, particularly for other types of dementia. There is a need to develop an algorithm to compare scores on the MMSE and ADAS-Cog. STUDY REGISTRATION The project was registered with Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials [ www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/819?result=true (accessed 7 April 2016)]. The systematic review protocol is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015027346. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Webster
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Groskreutz
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rob Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gail Mountain
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Bob Woods
- Dementia Services Development Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Lafortune
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Roberts
- International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, London, UK
| | | | | | - Frances Bunn
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - David Challis
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Georgina Charlesworth
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Goodman
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Roy Jones
- Research Institute for the Care of Older People, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Sallie Lamb
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Esme Moniz-Cook
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Justine Schneider
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sasha Shepperd
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Surr
- School of Health & Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jo Thompson-Coon
- Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Orlaith Burke
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair Burns
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda Clare
- Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter Garrard
- Neuroscience Research Centre, St George's, University of London, UK
| | - Patrick Kehoe
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Maidment
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fliss Murtagh
- Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- North Thames Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Malathion increases apoptotic cell death by inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization in N2a neuroblastoma cells: a model for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17007. [PMID: 28487766 PMCID: PMC5402539 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphate with severe neurotoxic effects. Upon acute exposure, malathion initially enhances cholinergic activity by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which is its major pathological mechanism. Malathion also induces non-cholinergic neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative conditions; the associated molecular mechanism is not well-characterized. To investigate the molecular mechanism of malathion-induced cell death, N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells were exposed to malathion and cell death-related parameters were examined. Malathion reduced cell viability mainly by apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction in N2a cells, as judged by an increase in the level of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decrease in the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins p-Akt and Bcl2, resulting in cytochrome c release and caspase-dependent DNA fragmentation and condensation. Malathion treatment also induced autophagy and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in N2a cells. LMP caused a lessening of autophagic flux via inhibition of lysosomal fusion with the autophagosome. LMP-induced cathepsin B release and its proteolytic effect may intensify apoptotic insults. Moreover, malathion-exposed N2a cells showed a marked reduction in the levels of the neuronal marker proteins vascular endothelial growth factor and heart fatty acid binding protein 3, along with diminished neuritogenesis in N2a cells and nerve growth factor secretion in C6 glioma cells. Our data suggest that the non-cholinergic effect of malathion may be mediated by apoptotic cell death via LMP induction in N2a cells. Malathion-treated N2a cells can be utilized as an in vitro model system to screen natural and new chemical drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Quraishe S, Sealey M, Cranfield L, Mudher A. Microtubule stabilising peptides rescue tau phenotypes in-vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38224. [PMID: 27910888 PMCID: PMC5133624 DOI: 10.1038/srep38224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic, filamentous network underpinning cellular structure and function. In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule cytoskeleton is compromised, leading to neuronal dysfunction and eventually cell death. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies to slow down or halt disease progression. However, microtubule stabilisation is a promising therapeutic strategy that is being explored. We previously investigated the disease-modifying potential of a microtubule-stabilising peptide NAP (NAPVSIPQ) in a well-established Drosophila model of tauopathy characterised by microtubule breakdown and axonal transport deficits. NAP prevented as well as reversed these phenotypes even after they had become established. In this study, we investigate the neuroprotective capabilities of an analogous peptide SAL (SALLRSIPA). We found that SAL mimicked NAP's protective effects, by preventing axonal transport disruption and improving behavioural deficits, suggesting both NAP and SAL may act via a common mechanism. Both peptides contain a putative 'SIP' (Ser-Ile-Pro) domain that is important for interactions with microtubule end-binding proteins. Our data suggests this domain may be central to the microtubule stabilising function of both peptides and the mechanism by which they rescue phenotypes in this model of tauopathy. Our observations support microtubule stabilisation as a promising disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for tauopathies like Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shmma Quraishe
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Megan Sealey
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Louise Cranfield
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Batista EML, Doria JG, Ferreira-Vieira TH, Alves-Silva J, Ferguson SSG, Moreira FA, Ribeiro FM. Orchestrated activation of mGluR5 and CB1 promotes neuroprotection. Mol Brain 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 27543109 PMCID: PMC4992217 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) exhibit a functional interaction, as CB1 regulates pre-synaptic glutamate release and mGluR5 activation increases endocannabinoid synthesis at the post-synaptic site. Since both mGluR5 and CB1 promote neuroprotection, we delineated experiments to investigate a possible link between CB1 and mGluR5 activation in the induction of neuroprotection using primary cultured corticostriatal neurons. We find that either the pharmacological blockade or the genetic ablation of either mGluR5 or CB1 can abrogate both CB1- and mGluR5-mediated neuroprotection against glutamate insult. Interestingly, decreased glutamate release and diminished intracellular Ca2+ do not appear to play a role in CB1 and mGluR5-mediated neuroprotection. Rather, these two receptors work cooperatively to trigger the activation of cell signaling pathways to promote neuronal survival, which involves MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT activation. Interestingly, although mGluR5 activation protects postsynaptic terminals and CB1 the presynaptic site, intact signaling of both receptors is required to effectively promote neuronal survival. In conclusion, mGluR5 and CB1 act in concert to activate neuroprotective cell signaling pathways and promote neuronal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edleusa M L Batista
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Doria
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Talita H Ferreira-Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Fabricio A Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Ave. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hung YN, Kadziola Z, Brnabic AJ, Yeh JF, Fuh JL, Hwang JP, Montgomery W. The epidemiology and burden of Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2016; 8:387-95. [PMID: 27536149 PMCID: PMC4976820 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s93323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence, cumulative incidence, and economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Taiwan, using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Materials and methods This was a retrospective, longitudinal, observational study using data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of the NHIRD. Patients were included in this study if they were 50 years of age or older and their records included a primary or secondary diagnosis of AD. New patients who met inclusion criteria were followed up longitudinally from 2005 to 2010. Costs were calculated for the first year following the diagnosis of AD. Results Overall, a higher percentage of women than men were diagnosed with AD (54% vs 46%, respectively). The first AD diagnosis occurred most frequently in the age of 75–84 years. The person-year incidence rate increased from 5.63/1,000 persons (95% CI, 5.32–5.94) in 2005 to 8.17/1,000 persons (95% CI, 7.78–8.57) in 2010. The cumulative incidence rate was 33.54/1,000 persons (95% CI, 32.76–34.33) in 2005–2010. The total mean inflated annual costs per patient in new Taiwan dollars (NT$) in the first year of diagnosis ranged from NT$205,413 (2009) to NT$227,110 (2005), with hospitalization representing the largest component. Conclusion AD represents a substantial burden in Taiwan, and based on the observed increase in incidence rate over time, it is likely that this burden will continue to increase. The findings reported here are consistent with previous research. The NHIRD contains extensive real-world information that can be used to conduct research, allowing us to expand our understanding of the incidence, prevalence, and burden of disease in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ni Hung
- School of Gerontology Health Management and Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Alan Jm Brnabic
- Real World Analytics, Eli Lilly Australia Pty Ltd, West Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Ju-Fen Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University
| | - Jen-Ping Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Despite the significant public health issue that it poses, only five medical treatments have been approved for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and these act to control symptoms rather than alter the course of the disease. Studies of potential disease-modifying therapy have generally been undertaken in patients with clinically detectable disease, yet evidence suggests that the pathological changes associated with AD begin several years before this. It is possible that pharmacological therapy may be beneficial in this pre-clinical stage before the neurodegenerative process is established. Techniques providing earlier diagnosis, such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and amyloid positron emission tomography neuroimaging, are key to testing this theory in clinical trials. Recent results from trials of agents such as aducanumab are encouraging but must also be interpreted with caution. Such medicines could potentially delay the onset of dementia and would therefore markedly reduce its prevalence. However, we currently remain a good distance away from clinically available disease-modifying therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Briggs
- Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Kennelly
- Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond O'Neill
- Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Declercq LD, Vandenberghe R, Van Laere K, Verbruggen A, Bormans G. Drug Development in Alzheimer's Disease: The Contribution of PET and SPECT. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:88. [PMID: 27065872 PMCID: PMC4814730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials aiming to develop disease-altering drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder with devastating consequences, are failing at an alarming rate. Poorly defined inclusion-and outcome criteria, due to a limited amount of objective biomarkers, is one of the major concerns. Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, positron emission tomography and single photon emission (computed) tomography (PET and SPE(C)T), allow visualization and quantification of a wide variety of (patho)physiological processes and allow early (differential) diagnosis in many disorders. PET and SPECT have the ability to provide biomarkers that permit spatial assessment of pathophysiological molecular changes and therefore objectively evaluate and follow up therapeutic response, especially in the brain. A number of specific PET/SPECT biomarkers used in support of emerging clinical therapies in AD are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieven D Declercq
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfons Verbruggen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Makani V, Jang YG, Christopher K, Judy W, Eckstein J, Hensley K, Chiaia N, Kim DS, Park J. BBB-Permeable, Neuroprotective, and Neurotrophic Polysaccharide, Midi-GAGR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149715. [PMID: 26939023 PMCID: PMC4777489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An enormous amount of efforts have been poured to find an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among those, neurotrophic peptides that regenerate neuronal structures and increase neuron survival show a promise in slowing neurodegeneration. However, the short plasma half-life and poor blood-brain-barrier (BBB)-permeability of neurotrophic peptides limit their in vivo efficacy. Thus, an alternative neurotrophic agent that has longer plasma half-life and better BBB-permeability has been sought for. Based on the recent findings of neuroprotective polysaccharides, we searched for a BBB-permeable neuroprotective polysaccharide among natural polysaccharides that are approved for human use. Then, we discovered midi-GAGR, a BBB-permeable, long plasma half-life, strong neuroprotective and neurotrophic polysaccharide. Midi-GAGR is a 4.7kD cleavage product of low acyl gellan gum that is approved by FDA for human use. Midi-GAGR protected rodent cortical neurons not only from the pathological concentrations of co-/post-treated free reactive radicals and Aβ42 peptide but also from activated microglial cells. Moreover, midi-GAGR showed a good neurotrophic effect; it enhanced neurite outgrowth and increased phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB) in the nuclei of primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, intra-nasally administered midi-GAGR penetrated the BBB and exerted its neurotrophic effect inside the brain for 24 h after one-time administration. Midi-GAGR appears to activate fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and its downstream neurotrophic signaling pathway for neuroprotection and CREB activation. Additionally, 14-day intranasal administration of midi-GAGR not only increased neuronal activity markers but also decreased hyperphosphorylated tau, a precursor of neurofibrillary tangle, in the brains of the AD mouse model, 3xTg-AD. Taken together, midi-GAGR with good BBB-permeability, long plasma half-life, and strong neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects has a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishruti Makani
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yong-gil Jang
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin Christopher
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wesley Judy
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jacob Eckstein
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Chiaia
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao L, Zhao Y, Wan Q, Zhang H. Urinary kallidinogenase for the treatment of cerebral arterial stenosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5595-600. [PMID: 26508834 PMCID: PMC4610775 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim Urinary kallidinogenase (UK) has shown promise in improving cerebral perfusion. This study aimed to examine how UK affects cognitive status and serum levels of amyloid betas (Aβs) 1-40 and 1-42 in patients with cerebral arterial stenosis. Methods Ninety patients with cerebral arterial stenosis were enrolled, of whom 45 patients received UK + conventional treatment (UK group), and 45 patients received conventional treatment alone as control group. Cognitive status and Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 serum levels were determined before treatment and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment. Results At 4 weeks after treatment, cognitive status in patients treated with UK clearly improved accompanied by Aβ1-40 serum levels decreasing while there was no change of Aβ1-42. Cognitive status in patients receiving UK continued to improve, Aβ1-40 serum levels declined further as well as Aβ1-42 serum levels began to decrease dramatically at 8 weeks after treatment. Conclusion UK could improve cognitive status and decrease both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 serum levels to prevent ischemic cerebral injury, which represents a good option for patients with cerebral arterial stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lues I, Weber F, Meyer A, Bühring U, Hoffmann T, Kühn-Wache K, Manhart S, Heiser U, Pokorny R, Chiesa J, Glund K. A phase 1 study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of PQ912, a glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor, in healthy subjects. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2015; 1:182-195. [PMID: 29854937 PMCID: PMC5975062 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pyroglutamate-amyloid-β (pE-Aβ) peptides are major components of Aβ-oligomers and Aβ-plaques, which are regarded as key culprits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. PQ912 is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC), essential for the formation of pE-Aβ peptides. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending oral dose study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PQ912 in healthy nonelderly and elderly subjects. Results PQ912 was considered safe and well tolerated with dose-proportional pharmacokinetics up to doses of 200 mg. At higher doses up to 1800 mg, exposure was supraproportional and exposure in elderly subjects was approximately 1.5- to 2.1-fold higher. Exposure in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was approximately 20% of the unbound drug in plasma, and both serum and CSF QC activity was inhibited in a dose-related manner. Discussion This first-in-man study of a compound-targeting QC inhibition justifies further development of PQ912 for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Lues
- Probiodrug AG, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rolf Pokorny
- Covance Clinical Research Unit AG, Allschwil (Basel), Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this article was to review the current role of brain PET in the diagnosis of Alzheimer dementia. The characteristic patterns of glucose metabolism on brain FDG-PET can help in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from other causes of dementia such as frontotemporal dementia and dementia of Lewy body. Amyloid brain PET may exclude significant amyloid deposition and thus Alzheimer's disease in appropriate clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS FDG-PET and amyloid PET imaging are valuable in the assessment of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Safety of nicergoline as an agent for management of cognitive function disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:610103. [PMID: 25243157 PMCID: PMC4163411 DOI: 10.1155/2014/610103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nicergoline is a semisynthetic ergot derivative and has a selective alpha-1A adrenergic receptor blocking property and also other additional mechanisms of actions, both in the brain and in the periphery. It is in clinical use for over three decades in over fifty countries for conditions such as cerebral infarction, acute and chronic peripheral circulation disorders, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease and has been found to be beneficial in a variety of other conditions. However, concerns about its safety have been raised, especially after the European medicines agency's (EMEA's) restriction in the use of all ergot derivatives including nicergoline. But, most of the available literature and data suggest that the adverse events with nicergoline are mild and transient. Further, none of the available treatment options for cognitive disorders afford definitive resolution of symptoms. In this backdrop, we discuss the pharmacology of nicergoline with special emphasis on the safety of this compound, especially when used in patients suffering from cognitive function disorders.
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang HJ, Lee CC, Chen CYC. In silico design of BACE1 inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease by traditional Chinese medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:741703. [PMID: 24900984 PMCID: PMC4034430 DOI: 10.1155/2014/741703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is an important target for causing Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to the brain deposition peptide amyloid beta (Aβ) require cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by BACE1 and γ-secretase, but treatments of AD still have side effect in recent therapy. This study utilizes the world largest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database and database screening to provide potential BACE1 inhibited compound. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to observe the dynamics structure after ligand binding. We found that Triptofordin B1 has less toxicity than pyrimidine analogue, which has more potent binding affinity with BACE1. For trajectory analysis, all conformations are tending to be stable during 5000 ps simulation time. In dynamic protein validation, the residues of binding region are still stable after MD simulation. For snapshot comparison, we found that Triptofordin B1 could reduce the binding cavity; the results reveal that Triptofordin B1 could bind to BACE1 and better than control, which could be used as potential lead drug to design novel BACE1 inhibitor for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Potential retinoid x receptor agonists for treating Alzheimer's disease from traditional chinese medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:278493. [PMID: 24876869 PMCID: PMC4021742 DOI: 10.1155/2014/278493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is neurodegenerative disorder due to the accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain and causes dementia with ageing. Some researches indicate that the RXR agonist, Targretin, has also been used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models. We investigate the potent candidates as RXR agonists from the vast repertoire of TCM compounds in TCM Database@Taiwan. The potential TCM compounds, β-lipoic acid and sulfanilic acid, had higher potent binding affinities than both 9-cis-retinoic acid and Targretin in docking simulation and have stable H-bonds with residues Arg316 and some equivalent hydrophobic contacts with residues Ala272, Gln275, Leu309, Phe313, Val342, Ile345, and Cys432 as Targretin. The carboxyl or sulfonyl hydroxide group can form a H-bond with key residue Arg316 in the docking pose, and the phenyl group next to the carboxyl or sulfonyl hydroxide group can form a π interaction with residue Phe313. Moreover, β-lipoic acid and sulfanilic acid have stable H-bonds with residue Gln275, Ser313, and residue Ala327, respectively, which may strengthen and stabilize TCM candidates inside the binding domain of RXR protein. Hence, we propose β-lipoic acid and sulfanilic acid as potential lead compounds for further study in drug development process with the RXR protein against Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|