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Peer A, Samuelson DR. The Role of the Microbiome in Allergy, Asthma, and Occupational Lung Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:415-423. [PMID: 38904934 PMCID: PMC11297072 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The human commensal microbiota is now widely accepted as a key regulator of human health and disease. The composition of the mucosal associated microbiota has been shown to play a critical role in the lung health. The role of the mucosal microbiota in the development and severity of allergy, asthma, and occupational lung disease is only beginning to take shape. However, advances in our understanding of these links have tremendous potential to led to new clinical interventions to reduce allergy, asthma, and occupational lung disease morbidity. RECENT FINDINGS We review recent work describing the relationship and role of the commensal microbiota in the development of allergy, asthma, and occupational lung disease. Our review primarily focuses on occupational exposures and the effects of the microbiome, both in composition and function. Data generated from these studies may lead to the development of interventions targeted at establishing and maintaining a healthy microbiota. We also highlight the role of environmental exposures and the effects on the commensal microbial community and their potential association with occupational lung disease. This review explores the current research describing the role of the human microbiome in the regulation of pulmonary health and disease, with a specific focus on the role of the mucosal microbiota in the development of allergy, asthma, and occupational lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Peer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Lape M, Schnell D, Parameswaran S, Ernst K, Salomonis N, Martin LJ, Harnett BM, Kottyan LC, Weirauch MT. After the Infection: A Survey of Pathogens and Non-communicable Human Disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.14.23295428. [PMID: 37745430 PMCID: PMC10516055 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.23295428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There are many well-established relationships between pathogens and human disease, but far fewer when focusing on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We leverage data from The UK Biobank and TriNetX to perform a systematic survey across 20 pathogens and 426 diseases, focused primarily on NCDs. To this end, we assess the association between disease status and infection history proxies. We identify 206 pathogen-disease pairs that replicate in both cohorts. We replicate many established relationships, including Helicobacter pylori with several gastroenterological diseases, and connections between Epstein-Barr virus with multiple sclerosis and lupus. Overall, our approach identified evidence of association for 15 of the pathogens and 96 distinct diseases, including a currently controversial link between human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We validate this connection through two orthogonal analyses, revealing increased CMV gene expression in UC patients and enrichment for UC genetic risk signal near human genes that have altered expression upon CMV infection. Collectively, these results form a foundation for future investigations into mechanistic roles played by pathogens in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lape
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Schnell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Ernst
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brett M. Harnett
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leah C. Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Shah SC, Tarassishin L, Eisele C, Rendon A, Debebe A, Hawkins K, Hillenbrand C, Agrawal M, Torres J, Peek RM, Stone J, Dubinsky M, Colombel JF, Peter I, Hu J. Breastfeeding Is Associated with Lower Likelihood of Helicobacter Pylori Colonization in Babies, Based on a Prospective USA Maternal-Infant Cohort. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5149-5157. [PMID: 35119598 PMCID: PMC9349469 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother-to-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the primary source of intrafamilial spread in early childhood in regions of high H. pylori prevalence. However, early-in-life H. pylori colonization and associated protective or risk factors have not been fully evaluated in lower prevalence regions, such as the USA. AIMS Therefore, from a well-characterized prospective US cohort, we selected women who provided fecal samples during pregnancy and had paired fecal samples from their babies up to 24 months postpartum. We evaluated maternal and baby factors associated with likelihood of H. pylori colonization in the babies. Fecal antigen testing was used to determine H. pylori status. We also evaluated the association between maternal breastmilk cytokines and H. pylori colonization in breastfed babies. RESULTS Among included mother-baby pairs (n = 66), H. pylori prevalence was 31.8% in mothers and 19.7% in their babies. Dominant breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-0.98) and maternal IBD (aOR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.27) were associated with significantly lower likelihood of H. pylori colonization among babies; no other clinical factors were associated with H. pylori colonization in the babies. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) and tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine expression were significantly higher in breastmilk of mothers with H. pylori positive vs negative babies. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with data from high H. pylori prevalence regions, our findings suggest dominant breastfeeding may protect against early H. pylori colonization. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as MMP-10 may be relevant in mediating this protection among breastfed babies, but more data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Section of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, 3350 La Jolla Villa Drive, San Diego VA, GI Section 3, rdFl, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leonid Tarassishin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Caroline Eisele
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alexa Rendon
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kelly Hawkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Christen Hillenbrand
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Surgical Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Richard M Peek
- Section of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, 3350 La Jolla Villa Drive, San Diego VA, GI Section 3, rdFl, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Joanne Stone
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science,, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave., 1402F, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Ray AK, Luis PB, Mishra SK, Barry DP, Asim M, Pandey A, Chaturvedi M, Gupta J, Gupta S, Mahant S, Das R, Kumar P, Shalimar, Wilson KT, Schneider C, Chaturvedi R. Curcumin Oxidation Is Required for Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Growth, Translocation and Phosphorylation of Cag A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:765842. [PMID: 35004346 PMCID: PMC8740292 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural remedy for preventing Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation and cancer. Here, we analyzed the effect of a phospholipid formulation of curcumin on H. pylori growth, translocation and phosphorylation of the virulence factor CagA and host protein kinase Src in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of H. pylori infection. Growth of H. pylori was inhibited dose-dependently by curcumin in vitro. H. pylori was unable to metabolically reduce curcumin, whereas two enterobacteria, E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium, which efficiently reduced curcumin to the tetra- and hexahydro metabolites, evaded growth inhibition. Oxidative metabolism of curcumin was required for the growth inhibition of H. pylori and the translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and cSrc, since acetal- and diacetal-curcumin that do not undergo oxidative transformation were ineffective. Curcumin attenuated mRNA expression of the H. pylori virulence genes cagE and cagF in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited translocation and phosphorylation of CagA in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori strains isolated from dietary curcumin-treated mice showed attenuated ability to induce cSrc phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of the gene encoding for IL-8, suggesting long-lasting effects of curcumin on the virulence of H. pylori. Our work provides mechanistic evidence that encourages testing of curcumin as a dietary approach to inhibit the virulence of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Ray
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, Saheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Paula B. Luis
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Achyut Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maya Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Mahant
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rajashree Das
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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5
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Ozeki K, Furuta T, Ojima T. Association Between Patients' Immunoglobulin E Levels and Difficulty Eradicating Helicobacter pylori. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2021; 14:311-316. [PMID: 34345177 PMCID: PMC8325756 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s322512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is a cause of gastric cancer, and thus the eradication of this bacterium is very important. The success rate of primary eradication has been dramatically increased by the introduction of potassium-competitive acid blockers. However, H. pylori cannot be eradicated in all patients, and the contributing factors need to be clarified. Aim Because allergy status may be a factor and considering research linking hay fever with eradication failure, the purpose of this study was to examine blood immunoglobulin E levels as a contributing factor in patients who were unable to eradicate H. pylori in a single eradication treatment and who underwent multiple eradication attempts. Methods Questionnaire data were collected from 250 patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, for H. pylori eradication. In addition, non-specific IgE levels in the blood were measured and analyzed with one-way analysis of variance. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the number of eradication attempts and the IgE level (< 500 vs ≥ 500 IU/mL). Results The mean IgE values were 188.4, 211.9, and 744.0 IU/mL in patients with one, two, and three or more eradication attempts, respectively (P < 0.05). The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that attempting eradication three or more times was significantly associated with high levels of IgE, even after consideration of antibiotic sensitivity. Conclusion H. pylori eradication was less likely in patients with high IgE. It is thus necessary to study the appropriate regimen for patients with high IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Ozeki
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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6
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Fiuza BSD, Fonseca HF, Meirelles PM, Marques CR, da Silva TM, Figueiredo CA. Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623737. [PMID: 33732246 PMCID: PMC7957070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during embryonic development and are responsible for the expression or repression of different genes associated with cell development and targeting/conducting immune responses. The well-known, "window of opportunity" that includes maternal and post-natal environmental exposures, which include maternal infections, microbiota, diet, drugs, and pollutant exposures are of fundamental importance to immune modulation and these events are almost always accompanied by epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been shown that these alterations could be involved in both risk and protection of allergic diseases through mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can enhance Th2 responses and maintain memory Th2 cells or decrease Treg cells differentiation. In addition, epigenetic changes may differ according to the microbial agent involved and may even influence different asthma or allergy phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how exposure to different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and helminths can lead to epigenetic modulations and how this correlates with allergic diseases considering different genetic backgrounds of several ancestral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Milet Meirelles
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cintia Rodrigues Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
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7
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Chen CC, Liou JM, Lee YC, Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Wu MS. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-22. [PMID: 33938378 PMCID: PMC8096336 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1909459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex population of microbes in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract interacts with itself and with the host, exerting a deep influence on health and disease development. The development of modern sequencing technology has enabled us to gain insight into GI microbes. Helicobacter pylori colonization significantly affects the gastric microenvironment, which in turn affects gastric microbiota and may be correlated with colonic microbiota changes. Crosstalk between H. pylori and GI commensal flora may play a role in H. pylori-related carcinogenicity and extragastric manifestations. We review current knowledge on how H. pylori shapes GI microbiota with a specific focus on its impact on the stomach and colon. We also review current evidence on colonic microbiota changes attributed to eradication therapy based on the clinical studies performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zuo ZT, Ma Y, Sun Y, Bai CQ, Ling CH, Yuan FL. The Protective Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Allergic Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:53-64. [PMID: 33080611 DOI: 10.1159/000508330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ancient Gram-negative bacterium, Helicobacter pylori has settled in human stomach. Eradicating H. pylori increases the morbidities of asthma and other allergic diseases. Therefore, H. pylori might play a protective role against asthma. The "disappearing microbiota" hypothesis suggests that the absence of certain types of the ancestral microbiota could change the development of immunology, metabolism, and cognitive ability in our early life, contributing to the development of some diseases. And the Hygiene Hypothesis links early environmental and microbial exposure to the prevalence of atopic allergies and asthma. Exposure to the environment and microbes can influence the growing immune system and protect subsequent immune-mediated diseases. H. pylori can inhibit allergic asthma by regulating the ratio of helper T cells 1/2 (Th1/Th2), Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs), etc. H. pylori can also target dendritic cells to promote immune tolerance and enhance the protective effect on allergic asthma, and this effect relies on highly suppressed Tregs. The remote regulation of lung immune function by H. pylori is consistent with the gut-lung axis theory. Perhaps, H. pylori also protects against asthma by altering levels of stomach hormones, affecting the autonomic nervous system and lowering the expression of heat shock protein 70. Therapeutic products from H. pylori may be used to prevent and treat asthma. This paper reviews the possible protective influence of H. pylori on allergic asthma and the possible application of H. pylori in treating asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tong Zuo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,
| | - Ya Ma
- Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cui Qing Bai
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Hua Ling
- Department of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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Nolen LD, Vindigni SM, Parsonnet J. Combating Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native People: An Expert and Community Symposium. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1197-1201. [PMID: 31836529 PMCID: PMC7103478 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alaska Native (AN) people experience higher incidence of, and mortality from, gastric cancer compared to other U.S. populations1 , 2 . Compared to the general U.S. population, gastric cancer in AN people occurs at a younger age, is diagnosed at later stages, is more evenly distributed between the sexes, and is more frequently signet-ring or diffuse histology3 . It is known that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp ) infection, a risk factor for gastric cancer, is high in AN people4 ; however, high antimicrobial resistance combined with high reinfection rates in Alaska make treatment at the population level complex5 . In addition, health issues in AN people are uniquely challenging due to the extremely remote locations of many residents. A multiagency workgroup hosted a symposium in Anchorage that brought internationally-recognized experts and local leaders together to evaluate issues around gastric cancer in the AN population. The overall goal of this symposium was to identify the best strategies to combat gastric cancer in the AN population through prevention and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha D Nolen
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska.
| | - Stephen M Vindigni
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 42:29-42. [PMID: 31873782 PMCID: PMC7079989 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assured. Pregnancy and early childhood are particularly susceptible for exogenous influences due to the developing nature of a child’s immune system. While endogenous influences such as family history and the genetic background are immutable, epigenetic regulations can be modulated by both heredity and environmental exposures. Prenatal influences such as a mother’s nutrition, smoking, or infections influence the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation as well as peri- and postnatal influences including mode of delivery. Early in life, induction and continuous training of healthy maturation include balanced innate immunity (e.g., via innate lymphoid cells) and an equilibrium of T-cell subpopulations (e.g., via regulatory T cells) to counter-regulate potential pro-inflammatory or exuberant immune reactions. Later in childhood, rather compensatory immune mechanisms are required to modulate deviant regulation of a child’s already primed immune trajectory. The specific effects of exogenous and endogenous influences on a child’s maturing immune system are summarized in this review, and its importance and potential intervention for early prevention and treatment strategies are delineated.
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11
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Jelavic B, Petricevic J, Marijanović I, Bevanda M. Helicobacter pylori in Otorhinolaryngology: Cause or Bystander. Eurasian J Med 2019; 51:196-202. [PMID: 31258363 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.18192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been identified in the extragastric tissues in the head and neck. The origin and pathogenicity of these bacteria in the head and neck are not known. Gastric reflux and nasal or oral routes are the possible modes of spread. In many sinonasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and middle ear disorders, laryngopharyngeal reflux has been identified as a contributing or causative factor. One possible mode by which laryngopharyngeal reflux may contribute is by seeding of the extragastric mucosa with H. pylori. The clinical significance of the discovery of H. pylori in extragastric tissues in the head and neck is unclear. There is no evidence of a pathologic or active role of H. pylori in otorhinolaryngological disorders. The suggestion that the sinonasal cavities and pharynx may serve as a reservoir for H. pylori and that reinfection of the stomach occurs after eradication therapy awaits further studies for confirmation. No connection was observed between H. pylori found in the stomach and H. pylori found in the head and neck. Also, these bacteria, found in the head and neck tissues, may be accidental or innocent bystanders that do not affect the pathways of otolaryngological and gastroduodenal diseases. This review examines the evidence for a possible relationship of H. pylori with otorhinolaryngological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jelavic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Josko Petricevic
- Department of Pathology, Cytology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Inga Marijanović
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milenko Bevanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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12
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Ness-Jensen E, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Lu Y. Helicobacter pylori in relation to asthma and allergy modified by abdominal obesity: The HUNT study in Norway. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100035. [PMID: 31194177 PMCID: PMC6555905 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unknown whether the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infections is associated with the increase in obesity and asthma and allergy. In this study, we assessed if obesity plays an intermediate role between H. pylori infections and allergy. DESIGN A population-based, nested case-control study of 10,005 participants within the second Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2), Norway, was performed in 1995-1997. The presence of H. pylori was tested by an enzyme immunoassay Pyloriset EIA-IgG, and weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as measures of general and abdominal obesity, respectively. Self-reported asthma and allergic diseases were collected through questionnaires. The odds ratios of H. pylori relative to asthma and allergic diseases were estimated by logistic regression models stratified by waist circumference categories. RESULTS H. pylori infection was present in 31%, ever asthma was reported in 10.4% and allergic rhinitis in 16.2%. The mean BMI was 26.4 kg/m2 and the mean waist circumference was 86.6 cm. H. pylori infection was neither associated with asthma nor allergic diseases. However, when stratified by waist circumference, H. pylori infection was associated with 30-40% reduced odds of asthma and 25% reduced odds of allergic diseases in individuals with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥86 cm in women and ≥96 cm in men). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection is associated with reduced risk of asthma and allergy in individuals with abdominal obesity, suggesting a possible causal pathway from reduced H. pylori infections through obesity to increased risk of asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Ness-Jensen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Department, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, USA
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Production and delivery of Helicobacter pylori NapA in Lactococcus lactis and its protective efficacy and immune modulatory activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6435. [PMID: 29691472 PMCID: PMC5915382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein A subunit (NapA) has been identified as a virulence factor, a protective antigen and a potent immunomodulator. NapA shows unique application potentials for anti-H. pylori vaccines and treatment strategies of certain allergic diseases and carcinomas. However, appropriate production and utilization modes of NapA still remain uncertain to date. This work has established a novel efficient production and utilization mode of NapA by using L. lactis as an expression host and delivery vector, and demonstrated immune protective efficacy and immune modulatory activity of the engineered L. lactis by oral vaccination of mice. It was observed for the first time that H. pylori NapA promotes both polarized Th17 and Th1 responses, which may greatly affect the clinical application of NapA. This report offers a promising anti-H. pylori oral vaccine candidate and a potent mucosal immune modulatory agent. Meanwhile, it uncovers a way to produce and deliver the oral vaccine and immunomodulator by fermentation of food like milk, which might have striking effects on control of H. pylori infection, gastrointestinal cancers, and Th2 bias allergic diseases, including many food allergies.
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14
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Minalyan A, Gabrielyan L, Scott D, Jacobs J, Pisegna JR. The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:42. [PMID: 28733944 PMCID: PMC5621514 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The discovery of Helicobacter pylori and other organisms colonizing the stomach and the intestines has shed some light on the importance of microbiome in maintaining overall health and developing pathological conditions when alterations in biodiversity are present. The gastric acidity plays a crucial role in filtering out bacteria and preventing development of enteric infections. In this article, we discuss the physiology of gastric acid secretion and bacterial contribution to the composition of gastric and intestinal barriers and review the current literature on the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the microbial biodiversity of the gastrointestinal tract. RECENT FINDINGS Culture-independent techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial biodiversity in the gastrointestinal tract. Luminal and mucosa-associated microbial populations are not identical. Streptococcus is overrepresented in the biopsies of patients with antral gastritis and may also be responsible for the development of peptic ulcer disease. The use of PPIs favors relative streptococcal abundance irrespective of H. pylori status and may explain the persistence of dyspeptic symptoms in patients on PPI therapy. Increased risk of enteric infections has also been seen in patients taking PPIs. The overuse of PPIs leads to significant shift of the gastrointestinal microbiome towards a less healthy state. With the advent of PPIs, many studies have demonstrated the significant changes in the microbial composition of both gastric and intestinal microbiota. Although they are considered relatively safe over-the-counter medications, PPIs in many cases are over- and even inappropriately used. Future studies assessing the safety of PPIs and their role in the development of microbiome changes should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Minalyan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilit Gabrielyan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Scott
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Jacobs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Veterans Affairs and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (691/111C), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
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15
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Lankarani KB, Honarvar B, Athari SS. The Mechanisms Underlying Helicobacter Pylori-Mediated Protection against Allergic Asthma. TANAFFOS 2017; 16:251-259. [PMID: 29849681 PMCID: PMC5971755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative pathogen, infects the stomach and gastrointestinal tract and causes pathological damage to these organs. H. pylori infection is more prevalent among people living in developing countries. Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Hyperinflation, hyperresponsiveness, and abnormal immunological and inflammatory processes in respiratory airways typically occur during an asthma attack. The results of recent studies have suggested an association between H. pylori and asthma risk. However, the role of H. pylori infection in the pathophysiology of asthma is still a matter of debate. The results of some studies indicate an association between H. pylori infection and protection against allergic asthma. Exposure to infectious agents might educate the immune system and provide protection against allergic diseases. H. pylori inflammation also changes gastric hormonal levels and could influence the autonomic nervous system. T-regs could be influenced by the immunological response to H. pylori and then inhibit the Th-2-mediated allergic response. Therefore, H. pylori might play a protective role against asthma. H. pylori can also reduce gastro-esophageal reflux, which is an asthma stimulator. High loads of H. pylori are not always present during infection. It is not definitely clear whether H. pylori is a pathogen or simply an opportunist. It has been suggested that early exposure to H. pylori prevents development of pediatric asthma. Therefore, it is possible that therapeutic products made from H. pylori can be used for the treatment or prevention of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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16
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Host Determinants of Expression of the Helicobacter pylori BabA Adhesin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46499. [PMID: 28418004 PMCID: PMC5394467 DOI: 10.1038/srep46499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Helicobacter pylori blood group antigen binding adhesin A (BabA) is more common in strains isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer, rather than asymptomatic colonization. Here we used mouse models to examine host determinants that affect H. pylori BabA expression. BabA expression was lost by phase variation as frequently in WT mice as in RAG2−/− mice that do not have functional B or T cells, and in MyD88−/−, TLR2−/− and TLR4−/− mice that are defective in toll like receptor signaling. The presence of other bacteria had no effect on BabA expression as shown by infection of germ free mice. Moreover, loss of BabA expression was not dependent on Leb expression or the capacity of BabA to bind Leb. Surprisingly, gender was the host determinant most associated with loss of BabA expression, which was maintained to a greater extent in male mice and was associated with greater bacterial load. These results suggest the possibility that loss of BabA expression is not driven by adaptive immunity or toll-like receptor signaling, and that BabA may have other, unrecognized functions in addition to serving as an adhesin that binds Leb.
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17
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Yap TWC, Leow AHR, Azmi AN, Callahan DL, Perez-Perez GI, Loke MF, Goh KL, Vadivelu J. Global Fecal and Plasma Metabolic Dynamics Related to Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:536. [PMID: 28424674 PMCID: PMC5371670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than half of the world's population. There is increasing evidence H. pylori protects against the development of obesity and childhood asthma/allergies in which the development of these diseases coincide with transient dysbiosis. However, the mechanism underlying the association of H. pylori eradication with human metabolic and immunological disorders is not well-established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the local and systemic effects of H. pylori eradication through untargeted fecal lipidomics and plasma metabolomics approaches by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Our study revealed that eradication of H. pylori eradication (i.e., loss of H. pylori and/or H. pylori eradication therapy) changed many global metabolite/lipid features, with the majority being down-regulated. Our findings primarily show that H. pylori eradication affects the host energy and lipid metabolism which may eventually lead to the development of metabolic disorders. Conclusion: These predictive metabolic signatures of metabolic and immunological disorders following H. pylori eradication can provide insights into dynamic local and systemic metabolism related to H. pylori eradication in modulating human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wan-Chen Yap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alex Hwong-Ruey Leow
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Najib Azmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityGeelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillermo I Perez-Perez
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Mun-Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Ozeki K, Furuta T, Asano M, Noda T, Nakamura M, Shibata Y, Okada E, Ojima T. Association of Hay Fever with the Failure of Helicobacter pylori Primary Eradication. Intern Med 2016; 55:1729-34. [PMID: 27374672 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, the number of patients receiving Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment has dramatically increased in Japan, although the eradication rate has gradually decreased. Patient characteristics could affect the eradication rate. Our aim in this study was to investigate the association between failed first-line eradication therapy and hay fever. Methods We researched 356 patients who visited a pharmacy adjacent to the Internal Medicine clinic with a prescription for first-line H. pylori eradication treatment and investigated whether the patients had hay fever using a questionnaire. We separated these patients into 2 groups based on the success or failure of eradication according to the clinical data and performed a logistic regression analysis to investigate the influence of hay fever on first-line eradication failure. Results The eradication rate of patients with and without hay fever was 65.6% and 77.7%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios according to which patients with hay fever would fail eradication therapy gradually lowered with increasing patient age [≤50 years, odds ratio (OR) 6.81, p=0.089; 51-60 years, OR 2.75, p=0.145; 61-70 years, OR 1.60, p=0.391; >70 years, OR 1.02, p=0.979]. A significant relationship was found for all patients (OR 1.88, p=0.047) and the age group ≤70 years (OR 2.31, p=0.024). Conclusion Patients with hay fever have difficulty with first-line eradication, especially younger patients. The existence of clarithromycin-resistant bacteria is suspected, and other factors may also be involved. When a hay fever sufferer receives first-line treatment, eradication might be difficult and other treatment may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Ozeki
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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19
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Robinson K. Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Protection against Extra-Gastric Immune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Evidence and Controversies. Diseases 2015; 3:34-55. [PMID: 28943607 PMCID: PMC5548235 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies link H. pylori infection with a reduced risk of developing extra-gastric conditions such as allergy, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and multiple sclerosis. The strength of the evidence for these protective associations is quite variable, and published studies often do not agree. This review article discusses some of the reasons for these discrepancies, and the difficulties faced when designing studies. Examples of some protective disease associations are described in detail, where the evidence is most abundant and thought to be more reliable. The most convincing of these are supported by published mechanistic data, for example with animal models, or incidence of disease exacerbation in humans following H. pylori eradication. Although controversial, this field is very important as the prevalence of H. pylori is decreasing throughout the world whilst many chronic diseases are becoming more common. These trends are likely to continue in the future, therefore it is important that we fully understand if and how H. pylori confers protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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20
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Testerman TL, Morris J. Beyond the stomach: An updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12781-12808. [PMID: 25278678 PMCID: PMC4177463 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an extremely common, yet underappreciated, pathogen that is able to alter host physiology and subvert the host immune response, allowing it to persist for the life of the host. H. pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In the United States, the annual cost associated with peptic ulcer disease is estimated to be $6 billion and gastric cancer kills over 700000 people per year globally. The prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high (> 50%) in much of the world, although the infection rates are dropping in some developed nations. The drop in H. pylori prevalence could be a double-edged sword, reducing the incidence of gastric diseases while increasing the risk of allergies and esophageal diseases. The list of diseases potentially caused by H. pylori continues to grow; however, mechanistic explanations of how H. pylori could contribute to extragastric diseases lag far behind clinical studies. A number of host factors and H. pylori virulence factors act in concert to determine which individuals are at the highest risk of disease. These include bacterial cytotoxins and polymorphisms in host genes responsible for directing the immune response. This review discusses the latest advances in H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Up-to-date information on correlations between H. pylori and extragastric diseases is also provided.
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21
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Talebi Bezmin Abadi A. Helicobacter pylori: A Beneficial Gastric Pathogen? Front Med (Lausanne) 2014; 1:26. [PMID: 25593901 PMCID: PMC4291894 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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22
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Pedullà M, Fierro V, Del Tufo E, Alfano R, Triassi M, Perrone L. Helicobacter pylori immunization and atopic dermatitis in South Italian children. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 2:263-7. [PMID: 25083283 DOI: 10.1177/2050640614544314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological decrease of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has been recently associated to the increase of several extra-intestinal allergic disorders. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of specific Hp IgG production in the development of IgE or not IgE mediated food allergy (FA) in children affected by atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS From January 2010 to July 2013, 290 South Italian children, aged between 26 and 142 months, were consecutively referred to the Pediatric Clinic of the Pediatric Department at Second University of Naples and were diagnosed as affected by AD. The patients were classified in two groups on the basis of diagnosis of food allergy (88 FA affected and 202 not FA affected) and further divided on the basis of the diagnosis of atopy (63 IgE mediated and 23 not IgE mediated). Hp serum IgG was detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Wampole® Helicobactor pylori IgG ELISA II, Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, NJ) and Hp stool antigens using enzyme immunoassay (Premier Platinum HpSa plus, Cincinnati OH). RESULTS We found a statistically significant higher prevalence of Hp serology positivity in not FA vs. FA AD-affected children (p = 0.032) and a significant inverse association between FA and Hp immunization (1/OR 0.32 95% CI 0.11-0.95). Further, we identified an absolute prevalence Hp serology positivity in not-IgE-mediated rather than in IgE-mediated FA AD-affected patients (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSION We hypothesize that specific Hp IgG production could protect against the development of both FA and atopy in AD-affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pedullà
- Department of Pediatrics "Francesco Fede" - Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fierro
- Department of Pediatrics "Francesco Fede" - Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Del Tufo
- Department of Pediatrics "Francesco Fede" - Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Department of Public Health - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Pediatrics "Francesco Fede" - Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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23
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Ge Z, Feng Y, Muthupalani S, Whary MT, Versalovic J, Fox JG. Helicobacter hepaticus cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase is essential for establishing colonization in male A/JCr mice. Helicobacter 2014; 19:280-8. [PMID: 24853076 PMCID: PMC4111802 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase (cgt) is essential for survival of H. pylori in mice. Enterohepatic H. hepaticus, the cause of colonic and hepatocellular carcinoma in susceptible mouse strains, contains an ortholog of the H. pylori cgt. However, the role of cgt in the pathogenesis of H. hepaticus has not been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two cgt-deficient isogenic mutants of wild-type H. hepaticus (WT) 3B1 were generated and used to inoculate male A/JCr mice. Cecal and hepatic colonization levels of the mutants and WT 3B1 as well as select inflammation-associated cytokines were measured by qPCR at 4 months postinoculation. RESULTS Both mutants were undetectable in the cecum of any inoculated mice (10 per mutant) but were detected in two livers (one for each mutant); by contrast, 9 and 7 of 10 mice inoculated with WT 3B1 were qPCR positive in the ceca and livers, respectively. The mice inoculated with the mutants developed significantly less severe hepatic inflammation (p < .05) and also produced significantly lower hepatic mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines Ifn-γ (p < .01) and Tnf-α (p ≤ .02) as well as anti-inflammatory factors Il10 and Foxp3 compared with the WT 3B1-inoculated mice. Additionally, the WT 3B1-inoculated mice developed significantly higher Th1-associated IgG2a (p < .0001) and Th2-associated IgG1 responses (p < .0001) to H. hepaticus infection than mice dosed with isogenic cgt mutants. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase is required for establishing colonization of the intestine and liver and therefore plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of H. hepaticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A,Corresponding author: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. , Phone: (617) 253-5518, Fax: (617) 258-5708
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Mark T. Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
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Iankov ID, Penheiter AR, Carlson SK, Galanis E. Development of monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays for detection of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein. J Immunol Methods 2012; 384:1-9. [PMID: 22750540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) is a major virulence factor expressed by Helicobacter pylori isolates associated with severe chronic gastroduodenal inflammation and peptic ulcers. NAP is one of the main protective antigens and a target for vaccine development against Helicobacter infection. In addition, NAP is a potent immune stimulator with potential application as a general vaccine adjuvant and in treatment of allergic diseases and cancer immunotherapy. NAP-specific immunoassays are needed for both H. pylori diagnostics and characterization of NAP-based vaccines and immunomodulatory preparations. We generated a panel of NAP-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by immunization of BALB/c mice with synthetic NAP peptides. The antibody reactivity against recombinant or native NAP antigen was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. A sensitive capture ELISA was developed using MAbs 23C8 and 16F4 (directed against different NAP epitopes) for detection of native or measles virus (MV) vector-expressed recombinant NAP in a concentration range of 4 ng/ml to 2000 ng/ml. MAb 23C8 antigen-binding depends on Tyr101 in a variable amino acid sequence of the NAP molecule, indicating the existence of antigenic variants among H. pylori strains. MAb 16F4 reacted with NAP from different H. pylori strains and was a sensitive tool for detection of small amounts of isolated NAP antigen or whole bacteria by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. In conclusion, MAb-based immunoassays are highly specific and sensitive for detection of native NAP antigen and recombinant NAP immunostimulatory transgenes expressed by replication competent virus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Wang Y, Bi Y, Zhang L, Wang C. Is Helicobacter pylori infection associated with asthma risk? A meta-analysis based on 770 cases and 785 controls. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:603-10. [PMID: 23028243 PMCID: PMC3461765 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been thought to play a critical role in disorders such as gastric and lung cancer. A number of studies have been devoted to the relationship between H. pylori infection and asthma risk, which have generated inconclusive results. In this study we aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. METHODS Meta-analyses evaluating the association of H. pylori infection and asthma risk were conducted and subgroup analyses on ethnicity and source of controls as well as CagA status were further conducted. Eligible studies were identified for the period up to Jul 2012. RESULTS A total of five case-control studies comprising 770 cases and 785 controls were lastly selected for analysis. The overall data failed to indicate a significant association of H. pylori infection and asthma risk (OR=1.01; 95%CI=0.82-1.24). Likewise, in the subgroup analysis regarding ethnicity, source of controls and CagA status, no associations could be observed. CONCLUSIONS The pooled data failed to suggest a marked association between H. pylori infection and asthma risk. Future studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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