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Aminu KS, Uzairu A, Chandra A, Singh N, Abechi SE, Shallangwa GA, Umar AB. Exploring the potential of 2-arylbenzimidazole scaffolds as novel α-amylase inhibitors: QSAR, molecular docking, simulation and pharmacokinetic studies. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38617707 PMCID: PMC11009192 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 2-arylbenzimidazole derivatives have a strong anti-diabetic effect. To further explore this potential, we develop new analogues of the compound using ligand-based drug design and tested their inhibitory and binding properties through QSAR analyses, molecular docking, dynamic simulations and pharmacokinetic studies. By using quantitative structure activity relationship and ligand-based modification, a highly precise predictive model and design of potent compounds was developed from the derivatives of 2-arylbenzimidazoles. Molecular docking and simulation studies were then conducted to identify the optimal binding poses and pharmacokinetic profiles of the newly generated therapeutic drugs. DFT was employed to optimize the chemical structures of 2-arylbenzimidazole derivatives using B3LYP/6-31G* as the basis set. The model with the highest R2trng set, R2adj, Q2cv, and R2test sets (0.926, 0.912, 0.903, and 0.709 respectively) was chosen to predict the inhibitory activities of the derivatives. Five analogues designed using ligand-based strategy had higher activity than the hit molecule. Additionally, the designed molecules had more favorable MolDock scores than the hit molecule and acarbose and simulation studies confirm on their stability and binding affinities towards the protein. The ADME and druglikeness properties of the analogues indicated that they are safe to consume orally and have a high potential for total clearance. The results of this study showed that the suggested analogues could act as α-amylase inhibitors, which could be used as a basis for the creation of new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa Sunusi Aminu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Anshuman Chandra
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
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Singh G, Kumar R, D S D, Chaudhary M, Kaur C, Khurrana N. Thiazolidinedione as a Promising Medicinal Scaffold for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222411. [PMID: 37867272 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998254798231005095627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinediones, also known as glitazones, are considered as biologically active scaffold and a well-established class of anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thiazolidinediones act by reducing insulin resistance through elevated peripheral glucose disposal and glucose production. These molecules activate peroxisome proliferated activated receptor (PPARγ), one of the sub-types of PPARs, and a diverse group of its hybrid have also shown numerous therapeutic activities along with antidiabetic activity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to collect and summarize the research related to the medicinal potential, structure-activity relationship and safety aspects of thiazolidinedione analogues designed and investigated in type 2 diabetes during the last two decades. METHODS The mentioned objective was achieved by collecting and reviewing the research manuscripts, review articles, and patents from PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, google scholar and journals related to the topic from different publishers like Wiley, Springer, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Indian and International government patent sites etc. Results: The thiazolidinedione scaffold has been a focus of research in the design and synthesis of novel derivatives for the management of type 2 diabetes, specifically in the case of insulin resistance. The complications like fluid retention, idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, weight gain and congestive heart failure in the case of trosiglitazone, and pioglitazone have restricted their use. The newer analogues have been synthesized by different research groups to attain better efficacy and less side effects. CONCLUSION Thus, the potential of thiazolidinediones in terms of their chemical evolution, action on nuclear receptors, aldose reductase and free fatty acid receptor 1 is well established. The newer TZD analogues with better safety profiles and tolerability will soon be available in the market for common use without further delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Desna D S
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurrana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
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Li B, Li X, Zeng Y, Zhou Z, Zhao D, Qin F, Zhang B, Yao W, Mao Y, Zhou L, Li K, Zhu Q, Rong X, Guo J. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental verification to elucidate functional mechanism of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi against type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37942992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2278082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsules have been prescribed for treating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, network pharmacology and experimental verification were combined to investigate the mechanisms of FTZ in treating T2DM. A total of 176 active ingredients and 1169 corresponding targets were screened using biological databases. 598 potential targets of T2DM were retrieved from GeneCards, PharmGKB, OMIM, Drugbank, and TTD. The Venn diagram was employed to identify the 194 intersection targets, which were employed to construct the "Herb-Compound-Target" interacting networks. These common targets were also used to prepare a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to uncover potential targets. The four core targets were docked to their corresponding targets for binding analysis. Additionally, the top-ranked poses of ingredients and the positive compounds from each protein were evaluated for stability using molecular dynamics. Our results suggest that core active ingredients such as kaempferol, luteolin, and baicalein have high binding affinity and stability with AKT1, PTGS2 (also known as COX-2), DPP4, and PAPRG. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the treatment T2DM by FTZ might be related to different pathway like AMPK and EGFR pathways. The experimental validation results proved that kaempferol, luteolin, and baicalein could significantly inhibit the activity of DPP4 and COX-2, kaempferol and luteolin were also able to activate AKT and AMPK signaling pathway. This study further validated previous findings and enhanced our understanding of the potential effects of FTZ on T2DM.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youyan Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Mao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research, Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Macalalad MAB, Gonzales AA. In Silico Screening and Identification of Antidiabetic Inhibitors Sourced from Phytochemicals of Philippine Plants against Four Protein Targets of Diabetes (PTP1B, DPP-4, SGLT-2, and FBPase). Molecules 2023; 28:5301. [PMID: 37513175 PMCID: PMC10384415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current oral medications for type 2 diabetes target a single main physiological mechanism. They either activate or inhibit receptors to enhance insulin sensitivity, increase insulin secretion, inhibit glucose absorption, or inhibit glucose production. In advanced stages, combination therapy may be required because of the limited efficacy of single-target drugs; however, medications are becoming more costly, and there is also the risk of developing the combined side effects of each drug. Thus, identifying a multi-target drug may be the best strategy to improve treatment efficacy. This study sees the potential of 2657 Filipino phytochemicals as a source of natural inhibitors against four targets of diabetes: PTP1B, DPP-4, SGLT-2, and FBPase. Different computer-aided drug discovery techniques, including ADMET profiling, DFT optimization, molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM/PBSA energy calculations, were employed to elucidate the stability and determine the binding affinity of the candidate ligands. Through in silico methods, we have identified seven potential natural inhibitors against PTP1B, DPP-4, and FBPase, and ten against SGLT-2. Eight plants containing at least one natural inhibitor of each protein target were also identified. It is recommended to further investigate the plants' potential to be transformed into a safe and scientifically validated multi-target drug for diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Andrian B Macalalad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Arthur A Gonzales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Rusinov VL, Sapozhnikova IM, Spasov AA, Chupakhin ON. Fused azoloazines with antidiabetic activity. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Long-term pharmacokinetic and pharmacological evaluations of a novel indole-benzazepinone derivative on obese Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to the chronic nature of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, antidiabetic drugs must have long-lasting efficacy. Compound 1 has a good inhibitory effect on acute hyperglycemia, but its long-term hypoglycemic effect has not been evaluated. Results: Preliminary prediction and in vitro experimental pharmacokinetic results support the use of compound 1 for long-term in vivo experiments. Long-term experiments demonstrated that compound 1 significantly reduces blood glucose, improves the oral glucose tolerance of obese mice and has a positive effect on body weight, free fatty acid, hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion: These findings lay a good foundation for the further exploration and development of novel glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors.
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Lin L, Luo D, Chen C, Zhao M. The potential mechanisms of Macrocystis pyrifera polysaccharides mitigating type 2 diabetes in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:7918-7929. [PMID: 35789357 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Our previous studies have proved that the anti-digestive polysaccharide from Macrocystis pyrifera possesses potential hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activities; however, its potential mechanisms for improving diabetes have not been elucidated. The current study was aimed to determine the anti-diabetic effects and possible mechanisms of Macrocystis pyrifera polysaccharides (MPP) in diabetic rats. After 8-week MPP treatment, the serum profiles, gut bacteria composition and relative gene expressions of rats were determined. MPP administration effectively ameliorated the diabetic symptoms, dyslipidemia, liver and kidney damage, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in diabetic rats. In addition, MPP treatment could also notably improve the microbial dysbiosis by increasing the beneficial bacteria and decreasing a bacterial pathogen in the diabetic rats. The RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MPP intervention significantly up-regulated the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and down-regulated the relative expressions of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that MPP had the potential to be exploited as functional foods or pharmaceutical supplements for preventing and treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 524088, China.
| | - Chong Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Wdowiak K, Walkowiak J, Pietrzak R, Bazan-Woźniak A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Bioavailability of Hesperidin and Its Aglycone Hesperetin—Compounds Found in Citrus Fruits as a Parameter Conditioning the Pro-Health Potential (Neuroprotective and Antidiabetic Activity)—Mini-Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132647. [PMID: 35807828 PMCID: PMC9268531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin and hesperetin are polyphenols that can be found predominantly in citrus fruits. They possess a variety of pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective and antidiabetic activity. However, the bioavailability of these compounds is limited due to low solubility and restricts their use as pro-healthy agents. This paper described the limitations resulting from the low bioavailability of the presented compounds and gathered the methods aiming at its improvement. Moreover, this work reviewed studies providing pieces of evidence for neuroprotective and antidiabetic properties of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as providing a detailed look into the significance of reported modes of action in chronic diseases. On account of a well-documented pro-healthy activity, it is important to look for ways to overcome the problem of poor bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Robert Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (R.P.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Bazan-Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (R.P.); (A.B.-W.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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How fullerene derivatives (FDs) act on therapeutically important targets associated with diabetic diseases. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:913-924. [PMID: 35242284 PMCID: PMC8861571 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Five proteins related to diabetic disease were selected from Protein Data Bank. Binding scores were calculated for five proteins with 169 fullerene derivatives. Correlation between drug-like descriptors and binding scores activity was examined. The contribution of descriptors to protein-ligand binding was demonstrated. The QSARs models for prediction of binding scores activity were built.
Fullerene derivatives (FDs) belong to a relatively new family of nano-sized organic compounds. They are widely applied in materials science, pharmaceutical industry, and (bio) medicine. This research focused on the study of FDs in terms of their potential inhibitory effect on therapeutic targets associated with diabetic disease, as well as analysis of protein–ligand binding in order to identify the key binding characteristics of FDs. Therapeutic drug compounds when entering the biological system usually inevitably encounter and interact with a vast variety of biomolecules that are responsible for many different functions in organisms. Protein biomolecules are the most important functional components and used in this study as target structures. The structures of proteins [(PDB ID: 1BMQ, 1FM6, 1GPB, 1H5U, 1US0)] belonging to the class of anti-diabetes targets were obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Protein binding activity data (binding scores) were calculated for the dataset of 169 FDs related to these five proteins. Subsequently, the resulting data were analyzed using various machine learning and cheminformatics methods, including artificial neural network algorithms for variable selection and property prediction. The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for prediction of binding scores activity were built up according to five Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) principles. All the data obtained can provide important information for further potential use of FDs with different functional groups as promising medical antidiabetic agents. Binding scores activity can be used for ranking of FDs in terms of their inhibitory activity (pharmacological properties) and potential toxicity.
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Beneficial effects of MgSO 4 on TFAM, UPC3 and FNDC5 mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats: a possible mechanism to improve insulin resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2795-2803. [PMID: 35064400 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO4 and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic control (DC) using a high-fat diet + streptozotocin, insulin-treated diabetic group (DC + Ins), MgSO4-treated diabetic group (DC + Mg). At the end of therapies, serum concentrations of FBG, TG, insulin, Ox-LDL, along with serum and hepatic irisin levels were measured. FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions were measured in the skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR. In comparison with DC group, MgSO4 therapy resulted in decreased FBG, TG, Ox-LDL, improved serum insulin and irisin levels, and increased mRNA expressions of FNDC5, UCP3 and TFAM. Insulin therapy significantly decreased FBG, Ox-LDL, FNDC5 and serum irisin levels compared with the control group. While, insulin therapy markedly increased TFAM and UCP3 compared with the DC group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MgSO4 can improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia partly through decreasing Ox-LDL, increasing serum irisin levels as well as increasing FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in T2DM rats. These findings can be considered in the management of diabetes treatment.
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Tonelli CA, de Oliveira SQ, Silva Vieira AAD, Biavatti MW, Ritter C, Reginatto FH, Campos AMD, Dal-Pizzol F. Clinical efficacy of capsules containing standardized extract of Bauhinia forficata Link (pata-de-vaca) as adjuvant treatment in type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized, double blind clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114616. [PMID: 34506937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bauhinia forficata Link, is a Brazilian native plant and popularly known as pata-de-vaca ("paw-of-cow"). The tea prepared with their leaves has been extensively used in the Brazilian traditional practices for the diabetes treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of capsules containing granules of a standardized extract of B. forficata leaves as adjuvant treatment on the glycemic control of patients with type-2 diabetes melitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind, randomized clinical trial using capsules containing granules prepared by wet granulation of a standardized extract from B. forficata leaves as adjuvant treatment, was conducted. 92 patients aged 18-75 years from an outpatient clinic with type-2 diabetes were randomly assigned by a simple randomization scheme, in a 1:1 ratio to receive capsules of B. forficata or placebo for four months. The capsules used contain 300 mg of standardized extract from B. forficata leaves, yielding 2% of total flavonoid content per capsule. Primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin levels and fasting plasma glucose at 4 months. Possible harms were also determined. RESULTS The findings showed that at 4 months, the mean fasting plasma glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin were both significantly lower in the B. forficata group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the adjunctive use of capsules containing standardized extract of B. forficata can add to regular oral anti-diabetics in the metabolic and inflammatory control of type-2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos André Tonelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Simone Quintana de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andriele Aparecida da Silva Vieira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maique Weber Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Machado de Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Sharma A, Chawla R, Kaur J, Madaan R. An Overview of Phytotherapy Used in the Management of Type II Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e170621194148. [PMID: 34931981 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210617154535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is related to unconstrained high blood sugar and linked with long-term impairment, dysfunction and failure of several organs. Since 1980, the global frequency of diabetes has almost doubled in the adult population. In very rare cases due to poor prevention and management programs, diabetes causes worsening of health and reduced lifespan of the world population, thus impacting on the world's economy. Supplements, however, help in the improvement of nutritional deficiencies. Phytotherapeutics has the advantage of being economical and easy to access with marginal side effects. So, it is a preferred candidate for the management of diabetes. Currently, a multitude of pharmaceuticals are used which are obtained from natural sources having medicinal properties. The mechanistic approaches are based on the regulation of insulin signaling pathways, translocation of GLUT-4 receptors and/or activation of PPAR γ. These natural compounds include numerous flavonoids which help in preventing glucose absorption by preventing the absorption of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. But to validate the efficacy and safety profile of these compounds, detailed validatory clinical studies are required. This review majorly focuses on the mechanistic approaches of various naturally derived compounds relevant for the condition of Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER-Kolkata-700054, Kolkata, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Moinul M, Amin SA, Kumar P, Patil UK, Gajbhiye A, Jha T, Gayen S. Exploring sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors with machine learning approach: A novel hope in anti-diabetes drug discovery. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 111:108106. [PMID: 34923429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional anti-diabetes agents exhibit some undesirable side effects. Recently, lactic acidosis and/or bladder cancer were also reported with the use of these agents. Hence, there is an urgent need for alternative anti-diabetes in order to reduce/avoid the unwanted effects. In this scenario sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has already been established as an important class of anti-diabetic drug. The search for new generation SGLT2 inhibitors with high affinity is still an ongoing process. Here, we aim to develop computational models to predict the SGLT2 inhibitory activity of small molecules based on chemical structures. This work provides in-silico analysis to propose possible fragment/fingerprint identification recommended for SGLT2 inhibitors. Up-to-our knowledge, this study is an initiative to propose fingerprints responsible for SGLT2 inhibition. Furthermore, we used nine different algorithms to build machine learning (ML) models that could be used to prioritize compounds as SGLT2 inhibitors from large libraries. The best performing ML models were applied to virtually screen a large collection of FDA approved drugs. The best predicted compounds have been recommended to be biologically investigated in future in order to identify next generation SGLT2 inhibitors with different chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moinul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, India
| | - Asmita Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Sharma K, Chandorkar AB, Kovil R, Venkataraman S, Subrahmanyam K, Mandal P, Wasir J, Abhyankar M, Prasad A, Sarda PS. Expert Opinion About the Pharmacoeconomic Edge of Low-Cost Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Clinical Settings. Cureus 2021; 13:e19194. [PMID: 34877189 PMCID: PMC8642133 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and concerns of physicians across India regarding the economic burden of diabetes and subsequently the cost-effectiveness of low-cost dapagliflozin for the management of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on background metformin therapy in Indian clinical settings. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among physicians treating people with T2DM with or without complications. The questions covered the general aspects of affordability and adherence to diabetes medications as well as specific details of low-cost dapagliflozin and its cost-effectiveness. Results In total, 844 physicians provided a response to the survey questionnaire. The physicians who participated in the study included diabetologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, consulting physicians, and family physicians. A majority of the physicians (53%) opined that only 10%-30% of their patients can afford the cost of newer antidiabetic medicines, while 25% of the physicians mentioned that <10% of their patients had issues related to affordability. Further, 39% of the physicians opined that 20%-40% of their patients discontinue the medicines due to high cost. Most of the physicians (95%) agreed that due to the low cost of dapagliflozin, it can be used for the primary prevention of heart failure in patients with T2DM in India. Similarly, 98% of the physicians agreed that it can be used for the treatment of heart failure in patients with or without T2DM in India. A majority of these physicians (93%) responded that switching from expensive sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) to low-cost dapagliflozin is a long-term cost-effective management of T2DM. In total, 98% of the physicians agreed that low-cost dapagliflozin has the characteristics of an ideal SGLT2i because of its metabolic benefits, cardioprotection, nephroprotection, and potential cost-effectiveness. Conclusion This survey-based study indicates that dapagliflozin is an effective and cost-saving therapy for patients with T2DM and complications. Low-cost dapagliflozin can revolutionize the treatment of T2DM in the Indian setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Kamal Sharma Cardiology Clinic, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Rajiv Kovil
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Nanavati Super Specialty Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - S Venkataraman
- Department of Diabetology, Soorya Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Kav Subrahmanyam
- Department of Endocrinology, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | | | - Jasjeet Wasir
- Department of Endocrinology, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, IND
| | | | - Ashish Prasad
- Scientific Services, USV Private Limited, Mumbai, IND
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Li B, Fu R, Tan H, Zhang Y, Teng W, Li Z, Tian J. Characteristics of the interaction mechanisms of procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 with protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B: Analysis by kinetics, spectroscopy methods and molecular docking. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119910. [PMID: 33992895 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is a novel and indispensable drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Procyanidins are flavonoids that exhibit a significant hypoglycemic function. However, the potential inhibitory effects of procyanidins on PTP1B are unclear. In this study, the interaction mechanisms of PTP1B with procyanidin B1 (PB1) and procyanidin B2 (PB2) were investigated through kinetics analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular docking. The results showed that PB1 and PB2 could inhibit the activity of PTP1B in a mixed inhibition mode, which was one of the reversible inhibition types. Multi-spectral analysis showed that PB1/PB2 formed complexes with PTP1B, which effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PTP1B based on the static mechanism. The values of the binding constants were KS(PTP1B-PB1) = 4.06 × 102 L·mol-1 and KS(PTP1B-PB2) = 2.53 × 102 L·mol-1, indicating that the binding affinity of PTP1B to PB1 was higher than that for PB2. PB1 and PB2 both changed the secondary structure of the enzyme, thereby decreasing the PTP1B activity. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the binding of procyanidin B1 and B2 to PTP1B was spontaneous in both cases, and highlighted the key role of hydrophobic interactions. Molecular docking analysis provided further information regarding the interactions between PB1 or PB2 and the amino acid residues of PTP1B. Moreover, PB1 and PB2 were found to down-regulate the expression level of PTP1B in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. These findings are the first to elucidate the inhibitory effects of PB1 and PB2 on PTP1B, and highlight the role of procyanidins as dietary supplements in regulating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Ranran Fu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Hui Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Wei Teng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, National R&D Professional Center for Berry Processing, National Engineering and Technology of Research Center for Small Berry, Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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16
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Multi-Targeted Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-Likeness Evaluation of Okra-Derived Ligand Abscisic Acid Targeting Signaling Proteins Involved in the Development of Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195957. [PMID: 34641501 PMCID: PMC8512114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global threat affecting millions of people of different age groups. In recent years, the development of naturally derived anti-diabetic agents has gained popularity. Okra is a common vegetable containing important bioactive components such as abscisic acid (ABA). ABA, a phytohormone, has been shown to elicit potent anti-diabetic effects in mouse models. Keeping its anti-diabetic potential in mind, in silico study was performed to explore its role in inhibiting proteins relevant to diabetes mellitus- 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1), aldose reductase, glucokinase, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), and Sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases 6 (SIRT6). A comparative study of the ABA-protein docked complex with already known inhibitors of these proteins relevant to diabetes was compared to explore the inhibitory potential. Calculation of molecular binding energy (ΔG), inhibition constant (pKi), and prediction of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties were performed. The molecular docking investigation of ABA with 11-HSD1, GFAT, PPAR-gamma, and SIRT6 revealed considerably low binding energy (ΔG from −8.1 to −7.3 Kcal/mol) and predicted inhibition constant (pKi from 6.01 to 5.21 µM). The ADMET study revealed that ABA is a promising drug candidate without any hazardous effect following all current drug-likeness guidelines such as Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge.
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17
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Plants Secondary Metabolites as Blood Glucose-Lowering Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144333. [PMID: 34299610 PMCID: PMC8307461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant advances in modern medicine and therapeutic agents have been achieved. However, the search for effective antidiabetic drugs is continuous and challenging. Over the past decades, there has been an increasing body of literature related to the effects of secondary metabolites from botanical sources on diabetes. Plants-derived metabolites including alkaloids, phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, stilbenoids, saponins, tannins, polysaccharides, coumarins, and terpenes can target cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, they can grant protection to pancreatic beta cells from damage, repairing abnormal insulin signaling, minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Studies have highlighted many bioactive naturally occurring plants' secondary metabolites as candidates against diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge compiled from the latest studies published during the past decade on the mechanism-based action of plants-derived secondary metabolites that can target various metabolic pathways in humans against diabetes. It is worth mentioning that the compiled data in this review will provide a guide for researchers in the field, to develop candidates into environment-friendly effective, yet safe antidiabetics.
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18
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Saeed M, Shoaib A, Tasleem M, Alabdallah NM, Alam MJ, Asmar ZE, Jamal QMS, Bardakci F, Alqahtani SS, Ansari IA, Badraoui R. Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of the Shikonin by Allosteric Inhibition of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Using State of Art: An In Silico and In Vitro Tactics. Molecules 2021; 26:3996. [PMID: 34208908 PMCID: PMC8271486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that affects both developing and developed countries and is a major public health concern. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market, which counteracts the associated pathologies. However, due to the propensity of side effects, there is an unmet need for the investigation of safe and effective drugs. This research aims to find a novel phytoconstituent having diminished action on blood glucose levels with the least side effects. Shikonin is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone dying pigment obtained by the roots of the Boraginaceae family. Besides its use as pigments, it can be used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. This research aimed to hypothesize the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of Shikonin's in silico interaction with protein tyrosine phosphate 1B, as well as it's in vitro studies, in order to determine its potential anti-diabetic impact. To do so, molecular docking experiments with target proteins were conducted to assess their anti-diabetic ability. Analyzing associations with corresponding amino acids revealed the significant molecular interactions between Shikonin and diabetes-related target proteins. In silico pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of Shikonin using ADMET Descriptor, Toxicity Prediction, and Calculate Molecular Properties tools from Biovia Discovery Studio v4.5. Filter by Lipinski and Veber Rule's module from Biovia Discovery Studio v4.5 was applied to assess the drug-likeness of Shikonin. The in vitro studies exposed that Shikonin shows an inhibitory potential against the PTP1B with an IC50 value of 15.51 µM. The kinetics studies revealed that it has a competitive inhibitory effect (Ki = 7.5 M) on the enzyme system, which could be useful in the production of preventive and therapeutic agents. The findings of this research suggested that the Shikonin could be used as an anti-diabetic agent and can be used as a novel source for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box No. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 383, Dammam 31113, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Zeina El Asmar
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box No. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.J.A.); (Z.E.A.); (F.B.); (R.B.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis 1007, Tunisia
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Quantitative determination of Cpd118, A novel FBPase inhibitor, in dog plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:865-873. [PMID: 33998282 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A HPLC-MS/MS method was first developed and validated for the quantification of Cpd118, a novel fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase inhibitor for controlling gluconeogenesis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials & methods: Cpd118 was extracted from dog plasma following acetonitrile protein precipitation, separated by HPLC on a CAPCELL PAK ADME column (3.5 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) and quantified using negative heated electrospray ion source-MS/MS. Results: Cpd118 was quantified from plasma using the method described above over a linear range of 10-20,000 ng/ml, with interday and intraday assay accuracy from -11.78 to 4.01% and the precision was ≤11.15%. Conclusion: The method was sensitive and selective for the quantification of Cpd118 and was successfully used to the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of Cpd118 in dogs.
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20
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Jo J, Lee D, Park YH, Choi H, Han J, Park DH, Choi YK, Kwak J, Yang MK, Yoo JW, Moon HR, Geum D, Kang KS, Yun H. Discovery and optimization of novel 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides as bifunctional antidiabetic agents stimulating both insulin secretion and glucose uptake. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113325. [PMID: 33765605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The cytotoxicity of all 41 novel compounds was screened to assess their pharmacological safety in pancreatic β-cells. A two-step optimization process was carried out to establish the structure-activity relationship for this class and subsequently we identified the most active analogue 26. Further modification study of 26 evidenced the necessity of N-hydrogens in the core architecture. Protein expression analysis suggested that 26 increases insulin secretion via the activation of the upstream effector of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), which is an important factor promoting GSIS. Moreover, the administration of 26 effectively augmented glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells via the suppression of Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), an insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) ubiquitination E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hye Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Han
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kyung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Yang
- Mother's Pharmaceutical, Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Integrated computational approach on sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for the development of novel antidiabetic agents. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Grover A, Sharma K, Gautam S, Gautam S, Gulati M, Singh SK. Diabetes and Its Complications: Therapies Available, Anticipated and Aspired. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:397-420. [PMID: 33143627 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666201103144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes ranks among the ten leading causes of mortality. Prevalence of diabetes is growing rapidly in low and middle income countries. It is a progressive disease leading to serious co-morbidities, which results in increased cost of treatment and over-all health system of the country. Pathophysiological alterations in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) progressed from a simple disturbance in the functioning of the pancreas to triumvirate to ominous octet to egregious eleven to dirty dozen model. Due to complex interplay of multiple hormones in T2D, there may be multifaceted approach in its management. The 'long-term secondary complications' in uncontrolled diabetes may affect almost every organ of the body, and finally may lead to multi-organ dysfunction. Available therapies are inconsistent in maintaining long term glycemic control and their long term use may be associated with adverse effects. There is need for newer drugs, not only for glycemic control but also for prevention or mitigation of secondary microvascular and macrovascular complications. Increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes has contributed to the development of novel treatments. Several new agents like Glucagon Like Peptide - 1 (GLP-1) agonists, Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, amylin analogues, Sodium-Glucose transport -2 (SGLT- 2) inhibitors and dual Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists are available or will be available soon, thus extending the range of therapy for T2D, thereby preventing its long term complications. The article discusses the pathophysiology of diabetes along with its comorbidities, with a focus on existing and novel upcoming antidiabetic drugs which are under investigation. It also dives deep to deliberate upon the novel therapies that are in various stages of development. Adding new options with new mechanisms of action to the treatment armamentarium of diabetes may eventually help improve outcomes and reduce its economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Grover
- Ipca Laboratories, Mumbai - 400063, India
| | - Komal Sharma
- Bhupal Nobles' Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur, India
| | - Suresh Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, India
| | - Srishti Gautam
- Ravinder Nath Tagore Medical College and Maharana Bhupal Govt. Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India
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Mavreas KF, Neofytos DD, Chrysina ED, Venturini A, Gimisis T. Synthesis, Kinetic and Conformational Studies of 2-Substituted-5-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-pyrimidin-4-ones as Potential Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225463. [PMID: 33266408 PMCID: PMC7700572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glycogen phosphorylase, an enzyme involved in glucose homeostasis, may lead to a number of pathological states such as type 2 diabetes and cancer, making it an important molecular target for the development of new forms of pharmaceutical intervention. Based on our previous work on the design and synthesis of 4-arylamino-1-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidin-2-ones, which inhibit the activity of glycogen phosphorylase by binding at its catalytic site, we report herein a general synthesis of 2-substituted-5-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidin-4-ones, a related class of metabolically stable, C-glucosyl-based, analogues. The synthetic development consists of a metallated heterocycle, produced from 5-bromo-2-methylthiouracil, in addition to protected d-gluconolactone, followed by organosilane reduction. The methylthio handle allowed derivatization through hydrolysis, ammonolysis and arylamine substitution, and the new compounds were found to be potent (μM) inhibitors of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase. The results were interpreted with the help of density functional theory calculations and conformational analysis and were compared with previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos F. Mavreas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dionysios D. Neofytos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia D. Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (A.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Alessandro Venturini
- Istituto ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (A.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.D.C.); (A.V.); (T.G.)
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Novelli M, Masiello P, Beffy P, Menegazzi M. Protective Role of St. John's Wort and Its Components Hyperforin and Hypericin against Diabetes through Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8108. [PMID: 33143088 PMCID: PMC7662691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a very common chronic disease with progressively increasing prevalence. Besides the well-known autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, in many people, metabolic changes and inappropriate lifestyle favor a subtle chronic inflammatory state that contributes to development of insulin resistance and progressive loss of β-cell function and mass, eventually resulting in metabolic syndrome or overt type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, SJW) and its main active ingredients firstly in representative pathological situations on inflammatory basis and then in pancreatic β cells and in obese or diabetic animal models. The simultaneous and long-lasting inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction/death and insulin resistance make SJW particularly suitable for both preventive and therapeutic use in metabolic diseases. Hindrance of inflammatory cytokine signaling is likely dependent on the hyperforin content of SJW extract, but recent data reveal that hypericin can also exert relevant protective effects, mediated by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, against high-fat-diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Actually, the mechanisms of action of the two main components of SJW appear complementary, strengthening the efficacy of the plant extract. Careful quantitative analysis of SJW components and suitable dosage, with monitoring of possible drug-drug interaction in a context of remarkable tolerability, are easily achievable pre-requisites for forthcoming clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pascale Beffy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Stadlbauer V, Lanzerstorfer P, Neuhauser C, Weber F, Stübl F, Weber P, Wagner M, Plochberger B, Wieser S, Schneckenburger H, Weghuber J. Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Quantitation of GLUT4 Translocation: High Throughput or High Content? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217964. [PMID: 33120934 PMCID: PMC7662403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the global rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in combination with insulin resistance, novel compounds to efficiently treat this pandemic disease are needed. Screening for compounds that induce the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane in insulin-sensitive tissues is an innovative strategy. Here, we compared the applicability of three fluorescence microscopy-based assays optimized for the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation in simple cell systems. An objective-type scanning total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy approach was shown to have high sensitivity but only moderate throughput. Therefore, we implemented a prism-type TIR reader for the simultaneous analysis of large cell populations grown in adapted microtiter plates. This approach was found to be high throughput and have sufficient sensitivity for the characterization of insulin mimetic compounds in live cells. Finally, we applied confocal microscopy to giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) formed from GLUT4-expressing cells. While this assay has only limited throughput, it offers the advantage of being less sensitive to insulin mimetic compounds with high autofluorescence. In summary, the combined implementation of different fluorescence microscopy-based approaches enables the quantitation of GLUT4 translocation with high throughput and high content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Florian Weber
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Flora Stübl
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Petra Weber
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (F.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Stefan Wieser
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain;
| | - Herbert Schneckenburger
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany; (P.W.); (M.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria; (C.N.); (F.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (P.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +43-050804-44450 (V.S.); +43-050804-44402 (P.L.); +43-050804-44403 (J.W.)
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26
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Direct Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol on Insulin Signaling and Glucagon Secretion of Pancreatic Alpha Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101404. [PMID: 33020399 PMCID: PMC7601246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin resistance state of pancreatic α-cells seems to be related to glucagon hypersecretion in type 2 diabetes. Treatment that can improve the insulin sensitivity of α-cells could control glucagon levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive role of D-chiro-inositol (DCI), which has insulin receptor-sensitizer effects on insulin signaling pathways and glucagon secretion in pancreatic α-TC1 clone 6 cells. Cells were chronically treated with palmitate to induce insulin resistance in the presence/absence of DCI. DCI treatment improved the insulin signaling pathway and restored insulin-mediated glucagon suppression in α-TC1-6 cells exposed to palmitate. These results indicate that DCI treatment prevents the insulin resistance of α-TC1-6 cells chronically exposed to palmitate. Our data provide evidence that DCI could be useful to improve the insulin sensitivity of pancreatic α-cells in diabetes treatment.
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Kousaxidis A, Petrou A, Lavrentaki V, Fesatidou M, Nicolaou I, Geronikaki A. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112742. [PMID: 32871344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and usually associated with several chronic pathologies. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzymes have identified as two novel molecular targets associated with the onset and progression of type II diabetes and related comorbidities. Although many inhibitors against these enzymes have already found in the field of diabetic mellitus, the research for discovering more effective and selective agents with optimal pharmacokinetic properties continues. In addition, dual inhibition of these target proteins has proved as a promising therapeutic approach. A variety of diverse scaffolds are presented in this review for the future design of potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B based on the most important structural features of both enzymes. The discovery of novel dual aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors could be effective therapeutic molecules for the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus. The methods used comprise a literature survey and X-ray crystal structures derived from Protein Databank (PDB). Despite the available therapeutic options for type II diabetes mellitus, the inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B could be two promising approaches for the effective treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes-associated pathologies. Due to the poor pharmacokinetic profile and low in vivo efficacy of existing inhibitors of both targets, the research turned to more selective and cell-permeable agents as well as multi-target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kousaxidis
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Lavrentaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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28
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Kim KS, Lee BW. Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:430-443. [PMID: 32791578 PMCID: PMC7641556 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder and is associated with various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are no approved drugs for NAFLD, and the only approved treatment option is weight reduction. As insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, many anti-diabetic drugs have been evaluated for the treatment of NAFLD. Improvement of liver enzymes has been demonstrated by many anti-diabetic drugs, but histological assessment still remains insufficient. Pioglitazone could become the first-line therapy for T2DM patients with NAFLD, based on evidence of histological improvement in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liraglutide, another promising alternative, is not yet recommended in patients with NAFLD/NASH due to limited evidence. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials should be performed in the near future to demonstrate if and how anti-diabetic drugs can play a role in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Krittayaphong R, Permsuwan U. Cost-utility analysis of add-on dapagliflozin treatment in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2020; 322:183-190. [PMID: 32800910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapagliflozin is an antidiabetic medication that has been shown to reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study aimed to determine the cost-utility of add-on dapagliflozin treatment for HFrEF. METHODS An analytical decision model was constructed to assess lifetime costs and outcomes from a healthcare system perspective. The cohort comprised HFrEF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV with an average age of 65 years. Clinical inputs were derived from the results of the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse-Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. Risk of non-cardiovascular death data, readmission rate data, and treatment-related cost data were based on Thai population. The outcomes and costs were discounted at 3% annually. A series of sensitivity analyses were also conducted. RESULTS The increased cost of dapagliflozin add-on treatment from 17,442 THB (559 USD) to 54,405 THB (1745 USD) was associated with a QALY gain from 6.33 to 6.92 compared to standard therapy, yielding an ICER of 62,090 THB/QALY (1991 USD/QALY). Sensitivity analyses revealed that the addition of dapagliflozin to the standard treatment demonstrated an 87% cost-effectiveness strategy at a level of willingness to pay (WTP) of 160,000 THB/QALY (5131 USD/QALY). ICER was higher in non-diabetes compared to diabetes (68,304 vs 47,613 THB/QALY or 2191 vs 1527 USD/QALY). CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin is a cost-effective add-on therapy for patients with HFrEF at a WTP of 160,000 THB/QALY (5131 USD/QALY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Permsuwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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30
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Drzazga A, Okulus M, Rychlicka M, Biegała Ł, Gliszczyńska A, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Lysophosphatidylcholine Containing Anisic Acid Is Able to Stimulate Insulin Secretion Targeting G Protein Coupled Receptors. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1173. [PMID: 32331428 PMCID: PMC7230207 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Management of diabetes mellitus by dietary components is achievable especially at the initial stage of the disease. Several studies confirmed the antidiabetic activities of simple phenolic acids and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The main goal of this study was to identify new potential insulin secretion modulators obtained by combining the structures of two natural compounds, namely O-methyl derivatives of phenolic acids and phospholipids. LPC and phosphatidylcholine bearing methoxylated aromatic carboxylic acids were tested as potential agents able to improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular calcium mobilization in MIN6 β pancreatic cell line. Our results show that LPC with covalently bonded molecule of p-anisic acid at the sn-1 position was able to induce GSIS and intracellular calcium flux. Notably, 1-anisoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine did not affect the viability of MIN6 cells, suggesting its potential safe use. Furthermore, we have shown that three G protein coupled receptors, namely GPR40, GPR55, and GPR119, are targeted by this LPC derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzazga
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (Ł.B.)
| | - Marta Okulus
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Magdalena Rychlicka
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Łukasz Biegała
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (Ł.B.)
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (Ł.B.)
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