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Ahmed N, Deng L, Narejo MUN, Baloch I, Deng L, Chachar S, Li Y, Li J, Bozdar B, Chachar Z, Hayat F, Chachar M, Gong L, Tu P. Bridging agro-science and human nutrition: zinc nanoparticles and biochar as catalysts for enhanced crop productivity and biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1435086. [PMID: 39220014 PMCID: PMC11361987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1435086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The integration of zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) with biochar offers a transformative approach to sustainable agriculture by enhancing plant productivity and human nutrition. This combination improves soil health, optimizes nutrient uptake, and increases resilience to environmental stressors, leading to superior crop performance. Our literature review shows that combining Zn NPs with biochar significantly boosts the crop nutrient composition, including proteins, vitamins, sugars, and secondary metabolites. This enhancement improves the plant tolerance to environmental challenges, crop quality, and shelf life. This technique addresses the global issue of Zn deficiency by biofortifying food crops with increased Zn levels, such as mung beans, lettuce, tomatoes, wheat, maize, rice, citrus, apples, and microgreens. Additionally, Zn NPs and biochar improve soil properties by enhancing water retention, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and microbial activity, making soils more fertile and productive. The porous structure of biochar facilitates the slow and sustained release of Zn, ensuring its bioavailability over extended periods and reducing the need for frequent fertilizer applications. This synergy promotes sustainable agricultural practices and reduces the environmental footprint of the traditional farming methods. However, potential ecological risks such as biomagnification, nanoparticle accumulation, and toxicity require careful consideration. Comprehensive risk assessments and management strategies are essential to ensure that agricultural benefits do not compromise the environmental or human health. Future research should focus on sustainable practices for deploying Zn NPs in agriculture, balancing food security and ecological integrity and positioning this approach as a viable solution for nutrient-efficient and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifang Deng
- Institute of Biomass Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Iqra Baloch
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Lansheng Deng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Lin Gong
- Dongguan Yixiang Liquid Fertilizer Co. Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Majumder MAA, Bharatha A, Kumar S, Chatterjee M, Gupta S, Harewood H, Singh K, Johnson WMS, Rajasundaram A, Dutta SB, Prasad SV, Rahman S, Kabir R, Parsa AD, Gaur U, Rabbi AMF, Krishnamurthy K, Mohammad S, Chode V, Haque M, Campbell MH. Self-reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among health professions students in India. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17083. [PMID: 38590705 PMCID: PMC11000642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies focusing on the safety and common side effects of vaccines play a crucial role in enhancing public acceptance of vaccination. Research is scarce regarding the usage of COVID-19 vaccines and the side effects experienced by health professions students in India and other countries. This study aimed to document self-reported side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccination among medical and dental students of six medical and dental colleges and teaching hospitals in four states (Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and West Bengal) of India. A cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling of medical and dental students was conducted from 26 April to 26 May 2021. Data was collected using a Google Forms questionnaire capturing information regarding receiving COVID-19 vaccines, side effects and symptoms, onset and duration of symptoms, use of treatment to alleviate symptoms, awareness of haematologic risks associated with vaccination, and side effects from previous (non-COVID-19) vaccinations. The majority (94.5%) of participants received both doses of the Covishield/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Among participants (n = 492), 45.3% (n = 223) reported one or more side effects. The most frequently reported side effects were soreness of the injected arm (80.3%), tiredness (78.5%), fever (71.3%), headache (64.1%), and hypersomnia (58.7%). The two most common severe symptoms were fever (14.8%) and headache (13%). Most side effects appeared on the day of vaccination: soreness of the injection site (57%), fever (43.1%), and tiredness (42.6%). Most reported symptoms persisted for one to three days-soreness of the injection site (53%), fever (47.1%), and headache (42.6%). Logistic regression showed that women were almost 85% less likely to report side effects. The study's findings corroborate the safety of the Covishield/AstraZeneca vaccine's first dose, evidenced by the relatively minor and transient nature of the side effects. However, the study underscores the necessity for ongoing research to assess the long-term impacts of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in the context of booster doses, thereby contributing to the global understanding of vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anwarul Azim Majumder
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Public Health Foundation of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Madhuri Chatterjee
- Shri Ramkrishna Institute of Medical Science, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Heather Harewood
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Keerti Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - WMS Johnson
- Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sudeshna Banerjee Dutta
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing (Critical care nursing), Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sayeeda Rahman
- American University of Integrative Sciences (AUIS), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Russell Kabir
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Kandamaran Krishnamurthy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Shegufta Mohammad
- Health Education Department, Empower Me First College, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael H. Campbell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
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3
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Dutta S, Singhal S, Shah R. A Systematic Analysis of COVID-19 Clinical Trials Registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India. Cureus 2024; 16:e57939. [PMID: 38738059 PMCID: PMC11082480 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) database is a registry of various trials conducted in India and this study scrutinized the studies registered for COVID-19 from the database to detect patterns in trial design, appraising the target regions of therapies and comprehending the terrain of research endeavors. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed the registered trials for COVID-19 between March 2020 and September 2023. A trial search was conducted on the CTRI database to include all types of studies registered for COVID-19 with keywords like "COVID" and "coronavirus" and studies conducted on conditions other than COVID-19 were excluded. The data regarding study characteristics were noted under various sections in a preformed proforma. RESULTS A total of 807 trials were taken for final analysis and there were about 344 prospective and 260 retrospective interventional trials, 35 prospective and 165 retrospective observational studies, and two prospective and one retrospective post-marketing surveillance study. The majority of the studies had duration under 12 months (91%). The maximum number of studies were registered from AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) and allied therapies (n = 283), with about 104 types of interventions, followed by the drug category having 119 trials registered and about 57 types of interventions. Kabasura Kudineer and yoga in the AYUSH category, molnupiravir, colchicine, and favipiravir in the drug category, and tocilizumab and convalescent plasma among biologics were some common interventions used. The majority of trials did not mention the trial phase and declared it as not applicable (54%), whereas 15% were registered as phase 2 and 13% as phase 3. About 54% of the studies were randomized and randomized parallel-group design (20%) was the most common study design. Only 6% of the trials were post-graduate thesis and the majority of the trials (n = 535) denied sharing their individual participant data. Only 0.86% and 0.61% of the trials were terminated and suspended, respectively, denoting proper design and conduct of the trials. CONCLUSION In the CTRI database, the majority of trials were prospective interventional studies, with a predominance of AYUSH therapies and drug interventions. Common interventions included Kabasura Kudineer and yoga in AYUSH, and molnupiravir, colchicine, and favipiravir in drugs. Most studies had durations under 12 months and randomized parallel-group design was the most common study design. The intention to use and promote an indigenous system of medicine looks promising in the absence of any definite therapy. A minute number of registered suspended and terminated trials might be a positive picture of meticulously designed and executed trials even during a pandemic situation in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
| | - Shubha Singhal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
| | - Rima Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, All India institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
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Kumar S, Ansari S, Narayanan S, Ranjith-Kumar CT, Surjit M. Antiviral activity of zinc against hepatitis viruses: current status and future prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218654. [PMID: 37908540 PMCID: PMC10613677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern globally. World health organization aims at eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Among the hepatitis causing viruses, hepatitis B and C are primarily transmitted via contaminated blood. Hepatitis A and E, which gets transmitted primarily via the feco-oral route, are the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis. Although vaccines are available against some of these viruses, new cases continue to be reported. There is an urgent need to devise a potent yet economical antiviral strategy against the hepatitis-causing viruses (denoted as hepatitis viruses) for achieving global elimination of viral hepatitis. Although zinc was known to mankind for a long time (since before Christ era), it was identified as an element in 1746 and its importance for human health was discovered in 1963 by the pioneering work of Dr. Ananda S. Prasad. A series of follow up studies involving zinc supplementation as a therapy demonstrated zinc as an essential element for humans, leading to establishment of a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 15 milligram zinc [United States RDA for zinc]. Being an essential component of many cellular enzymes and transcription factors, zinc is vital for growth and homeostasis of most living organisms, including human. Importantly, several studies indicate potent antiviral activity of zinc. Multiple studies have demonstrated antiviral activity of zinc against viruses that cause hepatitis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the findings on antiviral activity of zinc against hepatitis viruses, discusses the mechanisms underlying the antiviral properties of zinc and summarizes the prospects of harnessing the therapeutic benefit of zinc supplementation therapy in reducing the disease burden due to viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - C. T. Ranjith-Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Koparal M, Ege M. Dietary supplements used by otolaryngology patients in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. Eur J Integr Med 2023; 60:102249. [PMID: 37163158 PMCID: PMC10077764 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2023.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the characteristics of dietary supplement (DS) use of patients who attended the otolaryngology clinic at a university training and research hospital in Turkey during the pandemic, including patients who had experienced Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2021. 277 literate patients aged ≥ 18 years who attended the otolaryngology clinic were enrolled. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, as well as data on DS use during the pandemic. The questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face setting by a single researcher. Results Approximately half of the participants (50.18%) took DSs during the pandemic and 67.18% of those who experienced COVID-19 infection used DSs during their illness. The most commonly used supplements were vitamin C (43.16%) and D (33.09%), along with herbal supplements such as lemon (54.68%), garlic (46.76%), ginger (46.04%), and thyme (43.88%). In total, 85.23% of the patients primarily used DSs to enhance their immunity, while 32.95% used them to prevent cough, and 26.14% to improve breathing. The majority of the patients (85.23%) felt benefit from DSs. Typically, the patients obtained information about DSs from doctors (32.37%) or friends and relatives (29.49%), and most of them used the supplements without first consulting a doctor (63.64%). Conclusion DSs were commonly used by otolaryngology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly to enhance immunity. Although the majority of patients reportedly benefited from these products, most of them did not inform their physicians that they were using them and often obtained information from unofficial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Koparal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Miray Ege
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Mohamad NS, Tan LL, Ali NIM, Mazlan NF, Sage EE, Hassan NI, Goh CT. Zinc status in public health: exploring emerging research trends through bibliometric analysis of the historical context from 1978 to 2022. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28422-28445. [PMID: 36680719 PMCID: PMC9864505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to provide a roadmap for future research by analyzing the research structures and trends in scholarly publications related to the status of zinc in public health. Only journal articles published between 1978 and 2022 are included in the refined bibliographical outputs retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The first section announces findings based on WoS categories, such as discipline heterogeneity, times cited and publications over time, and citation reports. The second section then employs VoSViewer software for bibliometric analysis, which includes a thorough examination of co-authorship among researchers, organizations, and countries and a count of all bibliographic databases among documents. The final section discusses the research's weaknesses and strengths in zinc status, public health, and potential future directions; 7158 authors contributed to 1730 papers (including 339 with publications, more than three times). "Keen, C.L." is a researcher with the most publications and a better understanding of zinc status in public health. Meanwhile, the USA has been the epicenter of research on the status of zinc in public health due to the highest percentage of publications with the most citations and collaboration with the rest of the world, with the top institution being the University of California, Davis. Future research can be organized collaboratively based on hot topics from co-occurrence network mapping and bibliographic couplings to improve zinc status and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syamimi Mohamad
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzati Mohd Ali
- Environment Management Program, Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nur-Fadhilah Mazlan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Edison Eukun Sage
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Choo Ta Goh
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
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Arora I, White S, Mathews R. Global Dietary and Herbal Supplement Use during COVID-19-A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030771. [PMID: 36771480 PMCID: PMC9920285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of cure and the intensity of the global spread raised a common awareness of health. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize dietary supplement use globally during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic search was conducted in December 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus databases were searched, and 956 results were screened for eligibility. Fourteen cross-sectional studies from 11 countries and 3 continents were examined. All studies were large population surveys investigating healthy eating and supplement use during COVID-19. Vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc and multivitamins were the most widely reported, as well as natural/herbal products such as ginger and honey. The most common reason cited for supplements use was to strengthen immune system and to prevent infection of COVID-19. These studies reported that populations are relying on healthcare providers, family, friends, and social media to learn about supplement use. Future studies on the treatment of COVID-19 should include more evidence for supplement use.
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Abbas HS, Abd-elhakeem MM, Abd El Galil RM, Reyad OA, Mohamed HA, Ismail SES, Nabil MA. Natural Immunomodulators Treat the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:79-87. [PMID: 36721816 PMCID: PMC9871270 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the world has been dealing with a destructive global pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, since 2020; there were millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. With sequencing generations of the virus, around 60% are expected to become infected during the pandemic. Unfortunately, no drug or vaccine has been approved because no real evidence from clinical trials in treatment was reached. According to current thinking, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mortality is caused by a cytokine storm syndrome in patients with hyper-inflammatory conditions, resulting in acute respiratory distress and finally death. In this review, we discuss the various types of natural immune-modulatory agents and their role in the management of SARS-CoV-2, and cytokine storm syndrome. For example, Polyphenols as natural products can block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to host cell receptor ACE2, stop viral entry into the host cell and block viral RNA replication. Also, saikosaponins (A, B2, C, and D), triterpene glycosides, which are isolated from medicinal plants exert antiviral action against HCoV-22E9, and Houttuynia cordata water extract has antiviral effects on SARS-CoV. Moreover, eucalyptus oil has promising potential for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. There is an urgent need for research to improve the function of the human immune system all over the world. As a result, actions for better understanding and improving the human immune system are critical steps toward mitigating risks and negative outcomes. These approaches will be strongly recommended for future emerging viruses and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Salah Abbas
- Microbiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research(NODCAR), Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza, Egypt.,Corresponding Author: Heba Salah Abbas,
| | | | | | | | - Heba Ahmed Mohamed
- Master Student, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Egypt
| | | | - Manal Ahmed Nabil
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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9
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Tosato M, Ciciarello F, Zazzara MB, Pais C, Savera G, Picca A, Galluzzo V, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Landi F. Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements for Older Adults with Long COVID. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:565-591. [PMID: 35868674 PMCID: PMC9212635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciciarello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Zazzara
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Cristina Pais
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giulia Savera
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Galluzzo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 8, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 8, Rome 00168, Italy
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10
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Rasmi Y, Heidari N, Kübra Kırboğa K, Hatamkhani S, Tekin B, Alipour S, Naderi R, Farnamian Y, Akca I. The importance of neopterin in COVID-19: The prognostic value and relation with the disease severity. Clin Biochem 2022; 104:1-12. [PMID: 35307400 PMCID: PMC8929545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19], caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], has rapidly evolved into a global health emergency. Neopterin [NPT], produced by macrophages when stimulated with interferon [IFN-]gamma, is an essential cytokine in the antiviral immune response. NPT has been used as a marker for the early assessment of disease severity in different diseases. The leading cause of NPT production is the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-. Macrophage activation has also been revealed to be linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. We demonstrate the importance of NPT in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that targeting NPT in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be critical in the early prediction of disease progression and provision of timely management of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nadia Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Shima Hatamkhani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Burcu Tekin
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahryar Alipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Cell, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Farnamian
- Student Research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ilknur Akca
- Mersin University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin, Turkey
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11
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Boretti A. Zinc augments the antiviral potential of HCQ/CQ and ivermectin to reduce the risks of more serious outcomes from COVID-19 infection. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126954. [PMID: 35190326 PMCID: PMC8851879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments do not replace vaccinations or restrictions, but are practical, effective, and safe means to help to reduce the fatality associated with COVID-19 infection. While no treatment is available and effective for all the current and future variants of COVID-19, treatments reduce the risk of COVID-19 becoming endemic and reduce mortality and collateral damages. The use of Zinc (Zn) for COVID-19 infection is here reviewed. Zn supplementation may help in prevention as well as during the administration of therapies. Zn supplementation reduces the risks of serious outcomes from Covid19 infection. Evidence also suggests that Zn helps in treatments of COVID-19 infection if taken in conjunction with antiviral drugs. The literature supports the use of Zn, with improvements towards a lower risk ranging from 37% in late treatment, RR 0.63 CI [0.53-0.74], to 78% in sufficiency, RR 0.22 CI [0.05-0.96].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville, Wellington 6037, New Zealand.
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12
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Gutiérrez Rodelo C, Salinas RA, Armenta JaimeArmenta E, Armenta S, Galdámez-Martínez A, Castillo-Blum SE, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Nirmala Grace A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Gutiérrez Rodelo J, Christie G, Alsanie WF, Santana G, Thakur VK, Dutt A. Zinc associated nanomaterials and their intervention in emerging respiratory viruses: Journey to the field of biomedicine and biomaterials. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 457:214402. [PMID: 35095109 PMCID: PMC8788306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a severe public health risk worldwide, and the research contribution to tackle the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main targets among the scientific community. In this regard, experts from different fields have gathered to confront this catastrophic pandemic. This review illustrates how nanotechnology intervention could be valuable in solving this difficult situation, and the state of the art of Zn-based nanostructures are discussed in detail. For virus detection, learning from the experience of other respiratory viruses such as influenza, the potential use of Zn nanomaterials as suitable sensing platforms to recognize the S1 spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 are shown. Furthermore, a discussion about the antiviral mechanisms reported for ZnO nanostructures is included, which can help develop surface disinfectants and protective coatings. At the same time, the properties of Zn-based materials as supplements for reducing viral activity and the recovery of infected patients are illustrated. Within the scope of noble adjuvants to improve the immune response, the ZnO NPs properties as immunomodulators are explained, and potential prototypes of nanoengineered particles with metallic cations (like Zn2+) are suggested. Therefore, using Zn-associated nanomaterials from detection to disinfection, supplementation, and immunomodulation opens a wide area of opportunities to combat these emerging respiratory viruses. Finally, the attractive properties of these nanomaterials can be extrapolated to new clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlaly Gutiérrez Rodelo
- Healthcare Business and Computer Technology, Mexico
- Nanopharmacia Diagnostica, Tlaxcala No. 146/705, Col. Roma Sur, Cuauhtémoc, Cuidad de México, C.P. 06760, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Salinas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN), Tlaxcala 72197, Mexico
| | - Erika Armenta JaimeArmenta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, México
| | - Silvia Armenta
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 3649 Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Andrés Galdámez-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia E Castillo-Blum
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, DF 04510, México
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Healthcare Business and Computer Technology, Mexico
- Nanopharmacia Diagnostica, Tlaxcala No. 146/705, Col. Roma Sur, Cuauhtémoc, Cuidad de México, C.P. 06760, Mexico
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas y Dirección de Nutrición. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico
| | - Juliana Gutiérrez Rodelo
- Instituto Méxicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General de SubZona No. 4, C.P. 80370, Navolato, Sinaloa, México
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Santana
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, México City, C.P. 04510, Mexico
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13
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Imran M, Fatima W, Alzahrani AK, Suhail N, Alshammari MK, Alghitran AA, Alshammari FN, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Shakeel F. Development of Therapeutic and Prophylactic Zinc Compositions for Use against COVID-19: A Glimpse of the Trends, Inventions, and Patents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061227. [PMID: 35334884 PMCID: PMC8955262 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health; it is involved in the catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions of the human cellular system. Different compositions of zinc, as well as its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are available on the market. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of zinc in combating COVID-19. It has been determined that zinc prevents the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells by lowering the expression of ACE-2 receptors and inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2. Zinc also prevents the cytokine storm that takes place after the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell, via its anti-inflammatory activity. The authors believe that no study has yet been published that has reviewed the trends, inventions, and patent literature of zinc compositions to treat/prevent COVID-19. Accordingly, this review has been written in order to fill this gap in the literature. The information about the clinical studies and the published patents/patent applications was retrieved from different databases. This review covers patent literature on zinc compositions up to 31 January 2022. Many important patents/patent applications for zinc-based compositions filed by innovative universities and industries were identified. The patent literature revealed zinc compositions in combination with zinc ionophores, antioxidants, antivirals, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, heparin, ivermectin, and copper. Most of these studies were supported by clinical trials. The patent literature supports the potential of zinc and its pharmaceutical compositions as possible treatments for COVID-19. The authors believe that countless zinc-based compositions are still unexplored, and there is an immense opportunity to evaluate a considerable number of the zinc-based compositions for use against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (F.S.)
| | - Waseem Fatima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - A. Khuzaim Alzahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Suhail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.A.); (N.S.)
| | | | - Abdulrahman A. Alghitran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez Nafea Alshammari
- Community Pharmacist, Al-Dawaa Pharmacies, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Hafer Albatin 39911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (F.S.)
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14
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Hazan S, Dave S, Gunaratne AW, Dolai S, Clancy RL, McCullough PA, Borody TJ. Effectiveness of ivermectin-based multidrug therapy in severely hypoxic, ambulatory COVID-19 patients. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:339-350. [PMID: 35135310 PMCID: PMC8826831 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Ivermectin is a safe, inexpensive and effective early COVID-19 treatment validated in 20+ random, controlled trials. Having developed combination therapies for Helicobacter pylori, the authors present a highly effective COVID-19 therapeutic combination, stemming from clinical observations. Patients & methods: In 24 COVID-19 subjects refusing hospitalization with high-risk features, hypoxia and untreated moderate to severe symptoms averaging 9 days, the authors administered this novel combination of ivermectin, doxycycline, zinc and vitamins D and C. Results & conclusions: All subjects resolved symptoms (in 11 days on average), and oxygen saturation improved in 24 h (87.4% to 93.1%; p = 0.001). There were no hospitalizations or deaths, less than (p < 0.002 or 0.05, respectively) background-matched CDC database controls. Triple combination therapy is safe and effective even when used in outpatients with moderate to severe symptoms. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04482686 (ClinicalTrial.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hazan
- ProgenaBiome, LLC, 1845 Knoll Dr., Ventura, CA 93003, USA
| | - Sonya Dave
- North End Advisory, 2451 Cumberland Pkwy SE Ste. 3152, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Anoja W Gunaratne
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW, 2046, Australia
| | - Sibasish Dolai
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW, 2046, Australia
| | - Robert L Clancy
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW, 2046, Australia
| | | | - Thomas J Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW, 2046, Australia
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15
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Scapaticci S, Neri CR, Marseglia GL, Staiano A, Chiarelli F, Verduci E. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors in children and adolescents: an international overview. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:22. [PMID: 35120570 PMCID: PMC8815717 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not limited to the related infectious disease. In children and adolescents, serious risks due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are also related to its indirect effects. These include an unbalanced diet with an increased risk of weight excess or nutritional deficiencies, increased sedentary lifestyle, lack of schooling, social isolation, and impaired mental health.Pediatricians should be aware of the side effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's diet, physical mental health and advise the families according to their nutritional needs and financial resources. Moreover, the lack of a targeted therapy able to offer protection against the deleterious effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection should require a greater effort by scientific societies to find a more effective prevention strategy. In this context, much interest should be given to nutritional support, able to contrast malnutrition and to stimulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scapaticci
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C R Neri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G L Marseglia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia IRCCS San Matteo foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Staiano
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - F Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital "Vittore Buzzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Dutta S, Kaur RJ, Bhardwaj P, Ambwani S, Godman B, Jha PA, Sukhija S, Venkatesh SS, Lugova H, Islam S, Charan J, Haque M. Demand of COVID-19 medicines without prescription among community pharmacies in Jodhpur, India: Findings and implications. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:503-511. [PMID: 35360769 PMCID: PMC8963618 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1250_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic led to increased self-medication of antimicrobials, vitamins, and immune boosters among the common people and consuming without prescription can lead to adverse consequences including antimicrobial resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on community pharmacies in Jodhpur, India. They were inquired regarding the prescription and increased sales (<25%, 25—50%, 50--75%, or 75--100%) of various medicines (Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, Ivermectin, and Vitamin C) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between requests for certain COVID-19 medications and an increase in their sale. Results: A total of 204 pharmacies took part, and 88.23% reported patients to approach them without prescriptions. Most of the pharmacies revealed that <25% of patients came without prescription. The majority came for azithromycin (68%) and vitamin C (92%). Increased sales of the four targeted medications were seen by 85.92% of pharmacies compared to last year. A majority (51.5%) reported <25% increased sales of azithromycin, but no change in the sale of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. However, 39.6% reported >75% increase in vitamin C sales. Conclusion: There was an increase in the demand for COVID-19 medications without prescription. This study was unable to detect a significant increase in sales of antimicrobials, which is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rimple J Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sneha Ambwani
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.,Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pallavi A Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanchi Sukhija
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suman S Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Halyna Lugova
- Unit of Community Medicine, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Serum zinc levels in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1575-1584. [PMID: 35064310 PMCID: PMC8782687 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Zinc has potent immunoregulatory and antiviral effects that are critical for growth, immunity, and neurologic development. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of serum zinc levels in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and to demonstrate its association with disease severity. This prospective observational study was conducted between August 3 and November 15, 2020, in pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years with confirmed COVID-19 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We defined a control group whose serum zinc levels were determined 1 year ago at the same time as those of patients with COVID-19. We used 70 μg/dL as the cut-off zinc value to define zinc deficiency. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS for Windows statistics package program. One hundred children with confirmed COVID-19 and 269 children in the control group participated in the study. The median age was 13.3 (IQR: 8-15.4) years in patients with confirmed COVID-19, 11 patients had low serum zinc levels, and 89 patients had normal serum zinc levels. Patients in the group with low zinc levels had a significantly higher hospitalization rate than the group with normal zinc levels (5 (45.5%) and 10 patients (11.2%), respectively) (p = 0.011). The median serum zinc level in patients with COVID-19 was 88.5 mcg/dL (IQR 77.2-100), which was significantly lower than the median level in the control group, which was 98 mcg/dL (IQR 84-111) (p = 0.001). There was no association between the severity of COVID-19 and the serum zinc levels of the children. CONCLUSION Serum zinc levels may be influenced by many factors such as fasting status, diurnal variation, exercise, and sex, and may give an impression of the zinc status of the population rather than reflecting the individual. The fact that the incidence of hospitalization was significantly higher in patients with both COVID-19 and low serum zinc levels suggests that these patients require a detailed assessment of their living environment. WHAT IS KNOWN • Serum zinc levels have been found to be low in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19. • There was a correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and serum zinc levels in adults. WHAT IS NEW • Children with low serum zinc levels were found to have a higher number of hospitalizations. • No association was found between the severity of COVID-19 disease and serum zinc levels in children.
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18
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Dutta S, Kaur R, Charan J, Bhardwaj P, Ambwani SR, Babu S, Goyal JP, Haque M. Analysis of Neurological Adverse Events Reported in VigiBase From COVID-19 Vaccines. Cureus 2022; 14:e21376. [PMID: 35198288 PMCID: PMC8852793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fifteen COVID-19 vaccines have been granted emergency approval before the completion of conventional phases of clinical trials. The present study aimed to analyze the neurological adverse events (AEs) post-COVID-19 vaccination and focuses on determining the association of AEs with the vaccine. METHODOLOGY The neurological AEs reported for COVID-19 vaccines in the WHO pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase) were extracted from the System Organ Classes - neurological disorders and investigations. Descriptive statistics are reported as percentage and frequency and the disproportionality analysis was also conducted. RESULTS For the neurological system, 19,529 AEs were reported. Of these, 15,638 events were reported from BNT162b2 vaccine, 2,751 from AZD1222 vaccine, 1,075 from mRNA-1273 vaccine, eight from Vero vaccine, two from Covaxin, and for 55 AEs, vaccine name was not mentioned. The reason for more AEs reported with BNT162b2 can be maximum vaccination with BNT162b2 vaccine in the study period. According to the disproportionality analysis based on IC025 value, ageusia, anosmia, burning sensation, dizziness, facial paralysis, headache, hypoaesthesia, lethargy, migraine, neuralgia, paresis, parosmia, poor sleep quality, seizure, transient ischemic attack, and tremor are some of the AEs that can be associated with the administration of the vaccine. CONCLUSION The vaccines should be monitored for these AEs till the causality of these AEs with COVID-19 vaccines is established through further long-term follow-up studies. These neurological AEs reported in VigiBase should not be taken as conclusive and mass vaccination should be carried out to control the pandemic until a definite link of these adverse effects is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND
| | - Rimplejeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine and School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Sneha R Ambwani
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Shoban Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Jagdish P Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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19
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The Effect of Vitamin B12 Levels on Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1035078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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20
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Yusof YM, Haque M. Do dietary supplements help in boosting the immunity of individuals during the COVID-19 outbreak? ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_157_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Mahdavinezhad F, Farmani AR, Pakniat H, Taghavi S, Gharaei R, Valipour J, Amidi F. COVID-19 and varicocele: the possible overlap factors and the common therapeutic approaches. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 87:e13518. [PMID: 34967487 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is recognized as one of the main attributable causes of male infertility which can affect spermatogenesis by various pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent studies have identified oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant, hyperthermia, hypoxia, hormonal dysfunction, and inflammatory conditions as major factors in the pathophysiology of varicocele, all of which have known direct associations with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can significantly increase the risk of detrimental COVID-19-related outcomes. Emerging data have shown an association between COVID-19 and inflammation, overproduction of cytokine, and other pathophysiological processes. The present review, summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele and investigates the potential correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and the varicocele disease. In addition, various possible treatments which can be effective in both diseases were examined. Despite numerous challenges associated with the prevalence of COVID-19 in healthcare systems in infected countries, special attention should be given to maintaining a high level of care for complex patients with a pre-existing disease such as varicocele and providing appropriate practical advice for optimal control of the COVID-19 disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pakniat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeed Taghavi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Gharaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Valipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Ouled Aitouna A, Belghiti ME, Eşme A, Anouar E, Ouled Aitouna A, Zeroual A, Salah M, Chekroun A, Alaoui El Abdallaoui HE, Benharref A, Mazoir N. Chemical reactivities and molecular docking studies of parthenolide with the main protease of HEP-G2 and SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Struct 2021; 1243:130705. [PMID: 34031619 PMCID: PMC8133493 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have used bioinformatics to identify drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, using drugs already being tested for the treatment as benchmarks like Remdesivir and Chloroquine. Our findings provide further support for drugs that are already being explored as therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19 and identify promising new targets that merit further investigation. In addition, the epoxidation of Parthenolide 1 using peracids, has been scrutinized within the MEDT at the B3LYP/6-311(d,p) computational level. DFT results showed a high chemoselectivity on the double bond C3[bond, double bond]C4, in full agreement with the experimental outcomes. ELF analysis demonstrated that epoxidation reaction took place through a one-step mechanism, in which the formation of the two new C-O single bonds is somewhat asynchronous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Ouled Aitouna
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Natural Substances and Reactivity, URAC 16, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M E Belghiti
- Laboratory of Nernest Technology, 163 Willington Street, Sherbrook, QC J1H5C7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Aslı Eşme
- Department of Elementary Science Education Faculty of Education Kocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
| | - E Anouar
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anass Ouled Aitouna
- Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorization (LB2VE), Research Unit: Natural Resource Valorizations, Faculty of Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - A Zeroual
- Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - M Salah
- Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - A Chekroun
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Natural Substances and Reactivity, URAC 16, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - H El Alaoui El Abdallaoui
- Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - A Benharref
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Natural Substances and Reactivity, URAC 16, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - N Mazoir
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorization (LB2VE), Research Unit: Natural Resource Valorizations, Faculty of Sciences Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
- Department of Chemistry, Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box El Jadida 24000, Morocco
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23
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Murphy T, Phan K, Irvine KN, Lean D. The Role of Micronutrients and Toxic Metals in the Management of Epidemics in Cambodia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11446. [PMID: 34769963 PMCID: PMC8582812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The illegal trade of wildlife in SE Asia has been identified as the likely cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed 198 papers on the current COVID pandemic in Cambodia, diseases such as avian influenza and Nipah virus, most likely to develop into a new pandemic in Cambodia, and common features of disease that require mitigation. Artisanal goldmining uses pure mercury in the areas where wildlife is smuggled to China. Moreover, 30-40% of Cambodians are zinc deficient. High levels of arsenic in irrigation water (>1000 µg/L) are associated with very low levels of zinc in rice (5 µg/g) and rice is the primary staple food for the region. Brown rice from nine of 15 paddy fields in the arsenic zone of Cambodia had double the new guidelines of 100 µg/kg inorganic arsenic for children's food in the EU and USA. The combination of deficiencies of essential micronutrients like zinc and pervasive presence of arsenic and mercury has the potential to compromise the immunity of many Cambodians. Innovative solutions are suggested to improve micronutrient nutrition. Toxins that suppress the immune system must be better managed to reduce the virulence of pathogens. Cambodia was not likely the source of the COVID-19 but does have problems that could result in a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Murphy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, International University, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia;
| | - Kongkea Phan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, International University, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia;
| | - Kim Neil Irvine
- Faculty of Architecture & Planning, Rangsit Campus, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12121, Thailand;
| | - David Lean
- Lean Environmental, Apsley, ON K0L1A0, Canada;
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Saeed H, Osama H, Abdelrahman MA, Madney YM, Harb HS, Abdelrahim MEA, Ali F. Vitamins and other immune-supportive elements as cofactors for passing the COVID-19 pandemic. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 10:71. [PMID: 34729372 PMCID: PMC8554510 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease that causes a respiratory disorder, started in December of 2019 in China. Several vitamins and trace elements could help in enhancing host immunity producing antioxidant or anti-inflammatory action. This work aimed to identify the role of different nutrition, vitamins, and trace elements on the immunity status of the infected subject and the possibility of the beneficial role of these elements in the management of COVID-19. MAIN BODY After collecting (PubMed, scholar, OVID, Embase, Cochrane Library) and investigating published articles, testing the effect of these elements on viral infection, it was found that most of these elements have a significant role during viral infection through a different mechanism, like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulation. Nutritional interventions in COVID-19 infections are very important currently, and it was reported that vitamin C and D reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections. In addition, low vitamin A diets compromise the effectiveness of inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccines. Administration of N-acetyl cysteine showed a beneficial inhibitory effect in viral infections and enhanced glutathione production. The deficiency of selenium on COVID-19 subjects has a significant impact on the clinical outcome of the subjects. In addition, supplementation with vitamins proved to enhance immune response during viral infection. Vitamins and trace elements not only showed a beneficial effect but also Omega 3 fatty acids showed an immunomodulating effect during infections. SHORT CONCLUSIONS Assessment of levels for these trace elements at the baseline and providing supplementation containing different vitamins and elements could result in better control and clinical outcomes in the case of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Saeed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa Osama
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Abdelrahman
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M. Madney
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hadeer S. Harb
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Ali
- Food Hygiene, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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25
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Jalal Z, Bakour M, Lyoussi B. Medicinal Plants and Zinc: Impact on COVID-19 Pandemic. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:9632034. [PMID: 34602868 PMCID: PMC8483924 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9632034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is currently grappling with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infection can cause fever, a dry cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, and in some cases death. There is currently no effective antiviral SARS-CoV-2 drug. To reduce the number of infections and deaths, it is critical to focus on strengthening immunity. This review aims to conduct a comprehensive search on the previous studies using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus for the collection of research papers based on the role of zinc in the immune system, the antiviral activity of zinc, the effect of zinc supplementation in respiratory infections, the therapeutic approaches against viral infections based on medicinal plants, and the role of plants' bioactive molecules in fighting viral infections. In conclusion, we highlighted the pivotal role of zinc in antiviral immunity and we suggested the bioactive molecules derived from medicinal plants as a search matrix for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Jalal
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ). Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ). Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ). Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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26
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Du Laing G, Petrovic M, Lachat C, De Boevre M, Klingenberg GJ, Sun Q, De Saeger S, De Clercq J, Ide L, Vandekerckhove L, Schomburg L. Course and Survival of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities in Relation to the Trace Element Status at Hospital Admission. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103304. [PMID: 34684306 PMCID: PMC8541297 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements needed for appropriate immune system responses, cell signalling and anti-viral defence. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at two hospitals in Ghent, Belgium, to investigate whether Se and/or Zn deficiency upon hospital admission correlates to disease severity and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with or without co-morbidities. Trace element concentrations along with additional biomarkers were determined in serum or plasma and associated to disease severity and outcome. An insufficient Se and/or Zn status upon hospital admission was associated with a higher mortality rate and a more severe disease course in the entire study group, especially in the senior population. In comparison to healthy European adults, the patients displayed strongly depressed total Se (mean ± SD: 59.2 ± 20.6 vs. 84.4 ± 23.4 µg L−1) and SELENOP (mean ± SD: 2.2 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0 mg L−1) concentrations at hospital admission. Particularly strong associations were observed for death risk of cancer, diabetes and chronic cardiac disease patients with low Se status, and of diabetes and obese patients with Zn deficiency. A composite biomarker based on serum or plasma Se, SELENOP and Zn at hospital admission proved to be a reliable tool to predict severe COVID-19 course and death, or mild disease course. We conclude that trace element assessment at hospital admission may contribute to a better stratification of patients with COVID-19 and other similar infectious diseases, support clinical care, therapeutic interventions and adjuvant supplementation needs, and may prove of particular relevance for patients with relevant comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Georg J. Klingenberg
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.J.K.); (Q.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.J.K.); (Q.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.D.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Jozefien De Clercq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Louis Ide
- Laboratory Medicine, AZ Jan Palfijn AV, Watersportlaan 5, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (M.P.); (J.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Hessische Straße 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (G.J.K.); (Q.S.); (L.S.)
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27
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Liu H, Zou Q, Qiao Z, Jang YO, Koo B, Kim MG, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Shin Y. Facile Homobifunctional Imidoester Modification of Advanced Nanomaterials for Enhanced Antibiotic Synergistic Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40401-40414. [PMID: 34405670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics because of misuse and overuse is one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide. Despite the introduction of advanced nanotechnology in the production of antibiotics, the choice of appropriate medicines is limited due to side effects such as blood coagulation, toxicity, low efficacy, and low biocompatibility; therefore, novel nanomaterial composites are required to counter these repercussions. We first introduce a facile method for synthesizing a homobifunctional imidoester-coated nanospindle (HINS) zinc oxide composite for enhancement of antibiotic efficacy and reduction of toxicity and blood coagulation. The antibiotic efficacy of the composites is twice that of commercialized zinc nanoparticles; in addition, they have good biocompatibility, have increased surface charge and solubility owing to the covalent acylation groups of HI, and produce a large number of Zn+ ions and defensive reactive oxygen species (ROS) that effectively kill bacteria and fungi. The synergistic effect of a combination therapy with the HINS composite and itraconazole shows more than 90% destruction of fungi in treatments with low dosage with no cytotoxicity or coagulation evident in intravenous administration in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Thus, HINS composites are useful in reducing the effect of misuse and overuse of antibiotics in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Qingshuang Zou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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28
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Shakeri H, Azimian A, Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam H, Safdari M, Haresabadi M, Daneshmand T, Namdar Ahmadabad H. Evaluation of the relationship between serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 94:141-146. [PMID: 34406674 PMCID: PMC8426973 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the known anti‐inflammatory and antiviral effects of zinc, 25(OH)D, and vitamin B12, in this study, we explored the association between serum levels of these micronutrients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients at the time of admission and the clinical outcomes. This study was carried out on 293 patients with COVID‐19, who were hospitalized at Imam Hassan hospital (Bojnourd, Iran). We collected demographic data, clinical characteristics, values of serum biochemical parameters in the first week of admission, and clinical outcomes from electronic medical records. We also measured serum levels of zinc, 25(OH)D, and vitamin B12 within 3 days of admission. Of the 293 hospitalized, the median age was 53 years, and 147 (50.17%) were female. Thirty‐seven patients (12.62%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and forty‐two (14.32%) died. We found that the serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, and 25(OH)D were lower in patients who died than those who were admitted to ICU or non‐ICU and survived; however, these differences were not statistically significant for vitamin B12 and 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). The serum concentrations of zinc, vitamin B12, and 25(OH)D at the time of admission did not affect the length of hospital stay in patients with COVID‐19. In general, it seems that serum levels of 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and especially zinc at the time of admission can affect clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients. Lower levels of zinc in death cases compared to surviving cases in Covid‐19. Lower levels of B12 and D in death cases compared to surviving cases in Covid‐19. No effect of levels of zinc, B12, and D on the length of hospital stay in COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibesadat Shakeri
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Endocrinology, Imam Hassan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amir Azimian
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Safdari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Haresabadi
- Department of Society Health Nursing, School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Tahereh Daneshmand
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Clinical Endocrinology, Imam Hassan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hasan Namdar Ahmadabad
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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29
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Santos Ferreira RD, Dos Santos C, Maranhão Mendonça LAB, Espinola Carvalho CM, Franco OL. Immunonutrition effects on coping with COVID-19. Food Funct 2021; 12:7637-7650. [PMID: 34286803 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 implications are still a threat to global health. In the face of this pandemic, food and nutrition are key issues that can boost the immune system. The bioactivity of functional foods and nutrients (probiotics, prebiotics, water- and fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, glutamine, arginine, nucleotides, and PUFAs) contributes to immune system modulation, which establishes the status of nutrients as a factor of immune competence. These foods can contribute, especially during a pandemic, to the minimization of complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is important to support the nutritional strategies for strengthening the immune status, associated with good eating habits, as a way to confront COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Dos Santos Ferreira
- S-Inova Biotech. Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, MS 79117-010 Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos
- S-Inova Biotech. Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, MS 79117-010 Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech. Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, MS 79117-010 Campo Grande, Brazil. and Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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30
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Bielik V, Kolisek M. Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136803. [PMID: 34202712 PMCID: PMC8268569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate amounts of a wide range of micronutrients are needed by body tissues to maintain health. Dietary intake must be sufficient to meet these micronutrient requirements. Mineral deficiency does not seem to be the result of a physically active life or of athletic training but is more likely to arise from disturbances in the quality and quantity of ingested food. The lack of some minerals in the body appears to be symbolic of the modern era reflecting either the excessive intake of empty calories or a negative energy balance from drastic weight-loss diets. Several animal studies provide convincing evidence for an association between dietary micronutrient availability and microbial composition in the gut. However, the influence of human gut microbiota on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of trace elements in human food has rarely been studied. Bacteria play a role by effecting mineral bioavailability and bioaccessibility, which are further increased through the fermentation of cereals and the soaking and germination of crops. Moreover, probiotics have a positive effect on iron, calcium, selenium, and zinc in relation to gut microbiome composition and metabolism. The current literature reveals the beneficial effects of bacteria on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability in supporting both the human gut microbiome and overall health. This review focuses on interactions between the gut microbiota and several minerals in sport nutrition, as related to a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bielik
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
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31
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Rowaiye AB, Okpalefe OA, Onuh Adejoke O, Ogidigo JO, Hannah Oladipo O, Ogu AC, Oli AN, Olofinase S, Onyekwere O, Rabiu Abubakar A, Jahan D, Islam S, Dutta S, Haque M. Attenuating the Effects of Novel COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection-Induced Cytokine Storm and the Implications. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1487-1510. [PMID: 33889008 PMCID: PMC8057798 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s301784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an arduous global health challenge, and the increasing number of fatalities calls for the speedy pursuit of a remedy. This review emphasizes the changing aspects of the COVID-19 disease, featuring the cytokine storm's pathological processes. Furthermore, we briefly reviewed potential therapeutic agents that may modulate and alleviate cytokine storms. The literature exploration was made using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Google scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to retrieve the most recent literature on the etiology, diagnostic markers, and the possible prophylactic and therapeutic options for the management of cytokine storm in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 disease. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continually threatens the efficiency of the immune system of the infected individuals. As the first responder, the innate immune system provides primary protection against COVID-19, affecting the disease's progression, clinical outcome, and prognosis. Evidence suggests that the fatalities associated with COVID-19 are primarily due to hyper-inflammation and an aberrant immune function. Accordingly, the magnitude of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, (IL-6), and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) significantly differentiate between mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The early prediction of a cytokine storm is made possible by several serum chemistry and hematological markers. The prompt use of these markers for diagnosis and the aggressive prevention and management of a cytokine release syndrome is critical in determining the level of morbidity and fatality associated with COVID-19. The prophylaxis and the rapid treatment of cytokine storm by clinicians will significantly enhance the fight against the dreaded COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukemi Onuh Adejoke
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo
- Bioresources Development Centre, Abuja, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Hannah Oladipo
- Bioresources Development Centre, Ilorin, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Amoge Chidinma Ogu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Samson Olofinase
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Onyekachi Onyekwere
- Bioresources Development Centre, Ubulu-Uku, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, 700233, Nigeria
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Gandaria, Dhaka, 1204, Bangladesh
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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