1
|
Mohammadpour Fard R, Rashno M, Bahreiny SS. Effects of melatonin supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:530-539. [PMID: 39053698 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, in which chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the progression of this condition and its complications. Melatonin, a hormone known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention in diabetes. This review aims to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic patients. METHODS A thorough literature search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, CNKI, and Scopus, was conducted through October 2023. We included randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of melatonin on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, compared to placebo in patients with diabetes. The data was analyzed using the random-effects model and the summary effect size was determined using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Fourteen studies with 823 participants were included. Our analysis indicates that melatonin can lead to significant reductions in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [SMD = -0.75; 95% CI: -1.37, -0.12; P = 0.018], tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [SMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.15; P = 0.001], interleukin (IL)-1 [SMD = -0.75; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.47; P < 0.0001], IL-6 [SMD = -0.79; 95% CI: -1.07, -0.51; P < 0.0001], and malondialdehyde (MDA) [SMD = -0.61; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.43; P < 0.0001]. Furthermore, we found a significant increase in levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) [SMD = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.51; P = 0.021], glutathione (GSH) [SMD = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.03; P = 0.001], and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [SMD = 1.69; 95% CI: 0.80, 2.58; P < 0.0001] following melatonin consumption in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Melatonin supplementation is a promising complementary strategy to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadpour Fard
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Sobhan Bahreiny
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giri A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Das Gupta G, Narula AS, Kalfin R. Modulation of neural circuits by melatonin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3867-3895. [PMID: 38225412 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are two broad categories of neurological disorders characterized by progressive impairments in movement and cognitive functions within the central and peripheral nervous systems, and have emerged as a significant cause of mortality. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter imbalances are recognized as prominent pathogenic factors contributing to cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral anomalies. Consequently, preventing neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases has surfaced as a pivotal challenge in contemporary public health. This review explores the investigation of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders using both synthetic and natural bioactive compounds. A central focus lies on melatonin, a neuroregulatory hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to light-dark cycles. Melatonin, an amphiphilic molecule, assumes multifaceted roles, including scavenging free radicals, modulating energy metabolism, and synchronizing circadian rhythms. Noteworthy for its robust antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin exhibits diverse neuroprotective effects. The inherent attributes of melatonin position it as a potential key player in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated melatonin's efficacy in alleviating neuropathological symptoms across neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder). The documented neuroprotective prowess of melatonin introduces novel therapeutic avenues for addressing neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This comprehensive review encompasses many of melatonin's applications in treating diverse brain disorders. Despite the strides made, realizing melatonin's full neuroprotective potential necessitates further rigorous clinical investigations. By unravelling the extended neuroprotective benefits of melatonin, future studies promise to deepen our understanding and augment the therapeutic implications against neurological deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University "NeofitRilski", Ivan Mihailov St. 66, Blagoevgrad, 2700, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song C, Suo Z, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Melatonin modulates neuroinflammatory response and microglial activation in mice exposed to dim blue light at night. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416350. [PMID: 38873431 PMCID: PMC11169869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dim light at night contributes to neurodegenerative diseases by causing neuroinflammation. In the central nervous system, the activation of microglia is a significant contributor to neuroinflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an intervention to treat the neuroinflammatory response caused by dim light at night. Melatonin is a rhythmic hormone whose synthesis is suppressed during the day. In this study, we attempt to explore whether and how melatonin improves hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice exposed to dim blue light at night. Materials and Methods In vivo, a total of 36 male C57BL6/J mice that exposed to no light at night, dim blue light at night, and dim blue light at night with melatonin treatment. In vitro, the corticosterone-induced BV2 cells with or without melatonin treatment were used. Results Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed melatonin treatment significantly reduced dim blue light -induced hippocampal microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α. This improved effect of melatonin is related to its receptor MT2 rather than MT1. The MT2 blockers significantly increased mRNA levels of M1-type activation marker CD86 and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in melatonin-treated BV2 cells. Binding of melatonin to its receptor MT2 downregulated the expression of inflammatory proteins P-P65 and NLRP3, consequently inhibited the CD80 expression and M1-type activation in microglia. Furthermore, consistent with the decrease in microglial activation and inflammatory response after melatonin treatment, we also observed a reduction in hippocampal neuron loss and damage to the HT22 cells. Conclusion Our findings suggested that melatonin may regulate microglial polarization through MT2/NF-kB-NLRP3 pathway and improves dim blue light -induced hippocampal neuroinflammation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaotaize Suo
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravichandran KA, Heneka MT. Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:67-83. [PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular scaffolds that are activated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and form a key element of innate immune responses. Consequently, the involvement of inflammasomes in several diseases that are characterized by inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, is widely appreciated. However, many other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, all involve persistent inflammation in the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in these conditions. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of inflammasome activation is, therefore, crucial for the development of inflammasome-targeted therapies for neurological conditions. In this Review, we present the current evidence for and understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological diseases and discuss current and potential interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation to mitigate its pathological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of innate immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panda SR, Panja P, Soni U, Naidu VGM. Neurobehavioral Analysis to Assess Olfactory and Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:511-528. [PMID: 38427259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition, primarily affecting dopaminergic neurons. It is defined by motor impairments, such as bradykinesia, stiffness, resting tremor, and postural instability. The striatum, a structure essential for motor control, is impaired in function due to the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the development of Lewy bodies in the surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons. Olfactory impairment is one of the earliest indications of neurodegenerative disorders like PD that appear years before motor symptoms and cognitive decline development. Olfactory dysfunction is the most common nonmotor PD sign in at least 90% of cases, frequently occurring 5-10 years before motor disturbances. Surprisingly, even though olfactory impairment is intimately linked to PD and is thought to be a potential biomarker, little is known about the brain process underlying this failure. Exposure to environmental toxins has been linked to olfactory dysfunction, leading to nigral neurodegeneration and loss of motor functions. Behavioral neuroscience plays a significant role in identifying and characterizing these olfactory and motor symptoms. In preclinical research, novel treatment approaches are being evaluated in rodent models by behavioral phenotyping to ensure their efficacy. This chapter describes neurobehavioral analysis to assess olfactory and motor dysfunction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pallabi Panja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ujjawal Soni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aranda-Martínez P, Fernández-Martínez J, Ramírez-Casas Y, Rodríguez-Santana C, Rusanova I, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Chronodisruption and Loss of Melatonin Rhythm, Associated with Alterations in Daily Motor Activity and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Parkinsonian Zebrafish, Are Corrected by Melatonin Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040954. [PMID: 37107331 PMCID: PMC10136267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond sleep/wake, clock genes regulate the daily rhythms of melatonin production, motor activity, innate immunity, and mitochondrial dynamics, among others. All these rhythms are affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that chronodisruption may be an early stage of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the connection between clock genes and these rhythms in PD, and whether melatonin administration reestablished the normal clock function. Parkinsonism was induced with 600 μM MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) in 24-120 h post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos and melatonin was administered at a dose of 1 μM. Day-night melatonin rhythm disappeared in MPTP-treated embryos, which showed an advance in the activity phase in parallel with changes in the rhythm of clock genes. An alteration in the fission-to-fusion mitochondrial dynamics was also detected in parkinsonian embryos, increasing the former and leading to apoptosis. Melatonin administration to MPTP-treated embryos fully restored the circadian system, including the rhythms of clock genes, motor activity, melatonin rhythm, and mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing apoptosis. Because clock-controlled rhythms such as sleep/wake alterations are early events in PD, the data here reported may point to chronodisruption as one initial pathophysiological event of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ramírez-Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - César Rodríguez-Santana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Iryna Rusanova
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Ibs.Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Ibs.Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Ibs.Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Liu C, Zhou X, Zhang X. The Critical Role of Sirt1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhages: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040674. [PMID: 37190639 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a multipotent molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that Sirt1 activation may exert positive effects on SAHs by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Thus, Sirt1 agonists may serve as potential therapeutic drugs for SAHs. In this review, we summarized the current state of our knowledge on the relationship between Sirt1 and SAHs and provided an updated overview of the downstream molecules of Sirt1 in SAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lv QK, Tao KX, Wang XB, Yao XY, Pang MZ, Liu JY, Wang F, Liu CF. Role of α-synuclein in microglia: autophagy and phagocytosis balance neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:443-462. [PMID: 36598534 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and is characterized by accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Neuroinflammation driven by microglia is an important pathological manifestation of PD. α-Syn is a crucial marker of PD, and its accumulation leads to microglia M1-like phenotype polarization, activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and impaired autophagy and phagocytosis in microglia. Autophagy of microglia is related to degradation of α-syn and NLRP3 inflammasome blockage to relieve neuroinflammation. Microglial autophagy and phagocytosis of released α-syn or fragments from apoptotic neurons maintain homeostasis in the brain. A variety of PD-related genes such as LRRK2, GBA and DJ-1 also contribute to this stability process. OBJECTIVES Further studies are needed to determine how α-syn works in microglia. METHODS A keyword-based search was performed using the PubMed database for published articles. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss the interaction between microglia and α-syn in PD pathogenesis and the possible mechanism of microglial autophagy and phagocytosis in α-syn clearance and inhibition of neuroinflammation. This may provide a novel insight into treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Kun Lv
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kang-Xin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Related Mitochondrial Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:832-844. [PMID: 36757612 PMCID: PMC10169990 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies, which are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein fibrils. Alpha-synuclein plays a vital role in the neuroinflammation mediated by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in PD. A better understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and the related mitochondrial impairment during PD progression may facilitate the development of promising therapies for PD. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation, comprising priming and protein complex assembly, as well as the role of mitochondrial impairment and its subsequent inflammatory effects on the progression of neurodegeneration in PD. In addition, the therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for PD treatment are discussed, including the inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammatory pathways, mitochondria-focused treatments, microRNAs, and other therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
|
11
|
Exogenous melatonin alleviates neuropathic pain-induced affective disorders by suppressing NF-κB/ NLRP3 pathway and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2111. [PMID: 36747075 PMCID: PMC9902529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin (MLT) on neuropathic pain (NP)-induced anxiety and depression in a rat model. Adult male rats were separated into four groups, i.e., Sham-VEH: healthy animals received a vehicle, Sham-MLT (10 mg/kg), and chronic constrictive injury (CCI)-VEH: nerve ligation received the vehicle, and CCI-MLT. Next, we used behavioral tests to evaluate pain severity, anxiety, and depression. Finally, rats were sacrificed for molecular and histopathological studies. Behavioral tests showed that NP could induce depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. NP activated NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways by upregulating NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, active Caspase-1, also enhancing the concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). NP upregulated Bax, downregulated Bcl2, and increased cell apoptosis in the HC and PFC. The rats treated with MLT eliminated the effects of NP, as the reduced pain severity, improved anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, ameliorated NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, and modulated levels of cytokines in the HC and PFC. MLT could promote cell survival from apoptosis by modulating Bax and Bcl2. Therefore, it might be inferred that its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties mediate the beneficial effects of MLT in NP-induced affective disorders.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng R, Yan Y, Dai S, Ruan Y, Chen Y, Hu C, Lin Z, Xue N, Song Z, Liu Y, Zhang B, Pu J. ASC specks exacerbate α‑synuclein pathology via amplifying NLRP3 inflammasome activities. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 36740674 PMCID: PMC9899382 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasome activation has a pathogenic role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Up-regulated expressions of inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and assembly of ASC specks have been observed in postmortems of human PD brains and experimental PD models. Extracellular ASC specks behave like danger signals and sustain prolonged inflammasome activation. However, the contribution of ASC specks in propagation of inflammasome activation and pathological progression in PD has not been fully established. METHODS Herein, we used human A53T mutant α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs)-stimulated microglia in vitro and unilateral striatal stereotaxic injection of PFFs-induced mice model of PD in vivo, to investigate the significance of ASC specks in PD pathological progression. Rotarod and open-field tests were performed to measure motor behaviors of indicated mice. Changes in the molecular expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting (IB). Intracellular knockdown of the ASC in BV2 cells was performed using si-RNA. Microglial and neuronal cells were co-cultured in a trans-well system to determine the effects of ASC knockdown on cytoprotection. RESULTS We observed a direct relationship between levels of ASC protein and misfolded α‑synuclein aggregates in PD mice brains. ASC specks amplified NLRP3 inflammasome activation driven by α-synuclein PFFs stimulation, which aggravated reactive microgliosis and accelerated α‑synuclein pathology, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor deficits. Endogenous ASC knockdown suppressed microglial inflammasome activation and neuronal α‑synuclein aggregation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study elucidated that ASC specks contribute to the propagation of inflammasome activation-associated α‑synuclein pathology in PD, which forms the basis for targeting ASC as a potential therapy for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Yiqun Yan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaobing Dai
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Yang Ruan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Chenjun Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Naijia Xue
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhe Song
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Yi Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiali Pu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tchekalarova J, Tzoneva R. Oxidative Stress and Aging as Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: The Role of the Antioxidant Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3022. [PMID: 36769340 PMCID: PMC9917989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and neurodegenerative diseases share common hallmarks, including mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. Moreover, one of the major issues of the demographic crisis today is related to the progressive rise in costs for care and maintenance of the standard living condition of aged patients with neurodegenerative diseases. There is a divergence in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Still, a disturbed endogenous pro-oxidants/antioxidants balance is considered the crucial detrimental factor that makes the brain vulnerable to aging and progressive neurodegeneration. The present review focuses on the complex relationships between oxidative stress, autophagy, and the two of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Most of the available data support the hypothesis that a disturbed antioxidant defense system is a prerequisite for developing pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of ADs and PD. Furthermore, the release of the endogenous hormone melatonin from the pineal gland progressively diminishes with aging, and people's susceptibility to these diseases increases with age. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms involved in deleterious conditions predisposing to neurodegeneration in aging, including the diminished role of melatonin, is important for elaborating precise treatment strategies for the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xing X, Xu F, Wang Y, Liu H. Role of the OTUB1/IRF7/NOX4 axis in oxidative stress injury and inflammatory responses in mice with Parkinson's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:32-44. [PMID: 36332656 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most devastating neurodegenerative disorders and is associated with oxidative stress injury (OSI) and inflammatory responses. This study sought to investigate the mechanism of ovarian tumour domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) in OSI and inflammatory responses in PD, providing a theoretical foundation for PD treatment. METHODS The PD mouse model was established by an intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, followed by behavioural tests, observation of brain pathological changes, and quantification of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) and OS (ROS, SOD, and MDA) factors. Next, the expression levels of OTUB1, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay, the binding of OTUB1 to IRF7 was analysed by co-immunoprecipitation, and the ubiquitination level of IRF7 and the enrichment and binding of IRF7 and the NOX4 promoter were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. Afterwards, rescue experiments were performed with IRF7 or NOX4 overexpression in OTUB1 knockout PD mice. RESULTS OTUB1 was upregulated in brain tissues of PD mice. Inhibition of OTUB1 alleviated PD progression, OSI, and inflammatory responses. OTUB1 stabilized IRF7 through deubiquitination, and IRF7 bound to the NOX4 promoter to promote NOX4 expression. IRF7 or NOX4 overexpression reversed the effects of silencing OTUB1 on OSI and inflammatory responses in PD mice. CONCLUSION OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination stabilized IRF7 and upregulated NOX4 expression, thereby promoting OSI and inflammatory responses in PD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Xing
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tong ji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Wu S, Li Q, Lang W, Li W, Jiang X, Wan Z, Sun H, Wang H. Salsolinol Induces Parkinson's Disease Through Activating NLRP3-Dependent Pyroptosis and the Neuroprotective Effect of Acteoside. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1948-1962. [PMID: 36454451 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous neurotoxin 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroiso-quinoline (Salsolinol, SAL) is a dopamine metabolite that is toxic to dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo, and is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanism by which SAL induces neurotoxicity in PD remains challenging for future investigations. This study found that SAL induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and mice. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to detect differentially expressed genes in SAL-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We found that NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-dependent pyroptosis was enriched by SAL, which was validated by in vitro and in vivo SAL models. Further, NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes (ASC, NLRP3, active caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18) were increased at the mRNA and protein level. Acteoside mitigates SAL-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-related pyroptosis in in vitro and in vivo PD models. In summary, the present study suggests for the first time that NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of SAL-induced PD, and acteoside mitigates SAL-induced pyroptosis-dependent neurotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo PD models. The present results demonstrated a new mechanism whereby SAL mediates neurotoxicity by activating NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis, further highlighting SAL-induced pyroptosis-dependent neurotoxicity as a potential therapeutic target in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024005, China
| | - Weihong Lang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024005, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chifeng University Health Science Center, Chifeng, 024005, China
| | - Zhirong Wan
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Chifeng University Health Science Center, Chifeng, 024000, China.
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peng Q, Zhang G, Guo X, Dai L, Xiong M, Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang Z. Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway mediates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1046992. [PMID: 36479526 PMCID: PMC9719949 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1046992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a crucial immunoregulatory mediator in the central nervous system. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation play a key role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unknown whether Gal-9 is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. We found that MPP+ treatment promoted the expression of Gal-9 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MIP-1α) in a concentration-dependent manner in BV2 cells. Gal-9 enhanced neurodegeneration and oxidative stress induced by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons. Importantly, deletion of Gal-9 or blockade of Tim-3 ameliorated microglial activation, reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss, and improved motor performance in an MPTP-induced mouse model of PD. These observations demonstrate a pathogenic role of the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway in exacerbating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liam Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ying ZM, Lv QK, Yao XY, Dong AQ, Yang YP, Cao YL, Wang F, Gong AP, Liu CF. BAG3 promotes autophagy and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Parkinson's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1218. [PMID: 36544667 PMCID: PMC9761134 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and our previous studies showed this was significantly inhibited by enhanced autophagy. In the autophagy pathway, Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG)3 is a prominent co-chaperone, and we have shown BAG3 can regulate autophagy to clear the PD pathogenic protein α-synuclein. However, the connection between BAG3 and microglia mediated neuroinflammation is not clear. Methods In this study, we explored whether BAG3 regulated related neuroinflammation and its original mechanism in PD. An inflammatory model of PD was established by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV)-BAG3 into the bilateral striatum of C57BL/6 male mice to induce overexpression of BAG3, followed by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The striatum was extracted at 3 days after injection of LPS for Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical staining was performed at 21 days after injection. At the same time, LPS was used to induce activation of BV2 cells to verify the effect of BAG3 in vitro. Results Overexpression of BAG3 reduced LPS-induced pyroptosis by reducing activation of caspase-1, the NOD-like receptor family, and the pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and by release of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The LPS-induced inflammatory environment inhibits autophagy, and overexpression of BAG3 can restore autophagy, which may be the mechanism by which BAG3 reduces neuronal inflammation in PD. Conclusions Our results demonstrate BAG3 promotes autophagy and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome formation in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Ying
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China;,Department of Neurology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Qian-Kun Lv
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - An-Qi Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lan Cao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China;,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ali M, Aziz T. The Combination of Zinc and Melatonin Enhanced Neuroprotection and Attenuated Neuropathy in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3447-3463. [PMID: 36217449 PMCID: PMC9547652 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was designed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of melatonin with zinc in the prevention and treatment of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were used and randomly allocated into six groups: The negative control group, oxaliplatin group, zinc + oxaliplatin group, melatonin + oxaliplatin group, zinc + melatonin + oxaliplatin prevention-approach group, and zinc + melatonin + oxaliplatin treatment-approach group. The thermal nociceptive/hyperalgesia tests were performed. Brain tissue homogenate was used for measuring GFAP, NCAM, TNF α, MAPK 14, NF-kB, GPX, and SOD. Brain tissue was sent for histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies. Results The combination therapies showed improvement in the behavioral tests. A significant increase in GPX and SOD with a significant decrease in GFAP levels resulted in the prevention approach. TNF α decreased significantly in the treatment approach. No significant changes were seen in NCAM, NFkB, and MAPK-14. The histopathological findings support the biochemical results. Additionally, immunohistochemistry revealed a significant attenuation of p53 and a non-significant decrease in Bcl2 levels in the combination groups. Conclusion The combination of zinc with melatonin for the prevention approach was effective in attenuating neurotoxicity induced by oxaliplatin. The proposed mechanisms are boosting the antioxidant system and attenuating the expression of p53, GFAP, and TNF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayyadah Ali
- Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Tavga Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq,Correspondence: Tavga Aziz, Tel +9647701523544, Email
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khairnar RC, Parihar N, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Emerging targets signaling for inflammation in Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2143-2161. [PMID: 35536461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only show motor features such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but also non-motor features such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, memory loss, attention deficits, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. Many pharmacological treatments are available for PD patients; however, these treatments are partially or transiently effective since they only decrease the symptoms. As these therapies are unable to restore dopaminergic neurons and stop the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is required. The current review summarizes novel targets for PD, that can be utilized to identify disease-modifying treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Chandan Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jewell S, Herath AM, Gordon R. Inflammasome Activation in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S113-S128. [PMID: 35848038 PMCID: PMC9535572 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sterile inflammation and persistent immune activation is a prominent pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes which orchestrate inflammatory responses in immune cells to a diverse range of pathogens and host-derived signals. Widespread inflammasome activation is evident in PD patients at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration as well as in blood samples and mucosal biopsies. Inflammasome activation in the nigrostriatal system is also a common pathological feature in both neurotoxicant and α-synuclein models of PD where dopaminergic degeneration occurs through distinct mechanisms. The NLRP3 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3) inflammasome has been shown to be the primary driver of inflammatory neurotoxicity in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered by pathogenic misfolded α-synuclein aggregates which accumulate and spread over the disease course in PD. Converging lines of evidence suggest that blocking inflammasome activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for disease modification, with both NLRP3 knockout mice and CNS-permeable pharmacological inhibitors providing robust neuroprotection in multiple PD models. This review summarizes the current evidence and knowledge gaps around inflammasome activation in PD, the pathological mechanisms by which persistent inflammasome activation can drive dopaminergic degeneration and the therapeutic opportunities for disease modification using NLRP3 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Jewell
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ashane M. Herath
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Gordon
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu LK, Agarwal S, Kuo CH, Kung YL, Day CH, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Hsieh DJY, Huang CY, Chiang CY. Artemisia Leaf Extract protects against neuron toxicity by TRPML1 activation and promoting autophagy/mitophagy clearance in both in vitro and in vivo models of MPP+/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154250. [PMID: 35752074 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Cellular clearance mechanisms, including the autophagy-lysosome pathway, are commonly affected in the pathogenesis of PD. The lysosomal Ca2+ channel mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1) is one of the most important proteins involved in the regulation of autophagy. Artemisia argyi Lev. et Vant., is a traditional Chinese herb, that has diverse therapeutic properties and is used to treat patients with skin diseases and oral ulcers. However, the neuroprotective effects of A. argyi are not explored yet. HYPOTHESIS This study aims is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of A. argyi in promoting the TRPML1-mediated autophagy/mitophagy-enhancing effect METHODS: In this study, we used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+)-induced PD model established in an SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line as well as in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in C57BL/6 J mice. MTT assay was conducted to measure the cell viability and further MitoSoX and DCFDA assay were used to measure the ROS. Western blot analysis was used to access levels of TRPML1, p-DRP1 (ser616), p-AKT, PI3K, and β-catenin, Additionally, IF and IHC analysis to investigate the expression of TRPML1, LC3B, β-catenin, TH+, α-synuclein. Mitotracker stain was used to check mitophagy levels and a lysosomal intracellular activity kit was used to measure the lysosomal dysfunction. Behavioral studies were conducted by rotarod and grip strength experiments to check motor functions. RESULTS In our in vitro study, A. argyi rescued the MPP+-induced loss of cell viability and reduced the accumulation of mitochondrial and total reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subsequently, it increased the expression of TRPML1 protein, thereby inducing autophagy, which facilitated the clearance of toxic accumulation of α-synuclein. Furthermore, A. argyi played a neuroprotective role by activating the PI3K/AKT/β-catenin cell survival pathway. MPP+-mediated mitochondrial damage was overcome by upregulation of mitophagy and downregulation of the mitochondrial fission regulator p-DRP1 (ser616) in SH-SY5Y cells. In the in vivo study, A. argyi ameliorated impaired motor function and rescued TH+ neurons in the SNpc region. Similar to the results of the in vitro study, TRPML1, LC3B, and β-catenin expression was enhanced in the SNpc region in the A. argyi-treated mice brain. CONCLUSION Thus, our results first demonstrate that A. argyi can exert neuroprotective effects by stimulating TRPML1 and rescuing neuronal cells by boosting autophagy/mitophagy and upregulating a survival pathway, suggesting that A. argyi can further be exploited to slow the progression of PD.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/therapeutic use
- 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity
- Animals
- Artemisia
- Autophagy
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitophagy
- Neuroblastoma/drug therapy
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Parkinson Disease/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Transient Receptor Potential Channels/metabolism
- alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kung Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Surbhi Agarwal
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lun Kung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yi Chiang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan J, Tang X, Zhou ZQ, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li S, Luo A. Sirtuins functions in central nervous system cells under neurological disorders. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886087. [PMID: 36111151 PMCID: PMC9468898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs), a class of NAD+ -dependent deacylases, contain seven SIRT family members in mammals, from SIRT1 to SIRT7. Extensive studies have revealed that SIRT proteins regulate virous cell functions. Central nervous system (CNS) decline resulted in progressive cognitive impairment, social and physical abilities dysfunction. Therefore, it is of vital importance to have a better understanding of potential target to promote homeostasis of CNS. SIRTs have merged as the underlying regulating factors of the process of neurological disorders. In this review, we profile multiple functions of SIRT proteins in different cells during brain function and under CNS injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaole Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyong Li, ; Ailin Luo,
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyong Li, ; Ailin Luo,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu S, Wang S, Gu R, Che N, Wang J, Cheng J, Yuan Z, Cheng Y, Liao Y. The XPO1 Inhibitor KPT-8602 Ameliorates Parkinson's Disease by Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847605. [PMID: 35721113 PMCID: PMC9200340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1) is an important transport receptor that mediates the nuclear export of various proteins and RNA. KPT-8602 is a second-generation inhibitor of XPO1, demonstrating the lowest level of side effects, and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancers. Previous studies suggest that several first-generation inhibitors of XPO1 demonstrate anti-inflammation activities, indicating the application of this drug in inflammation-related diseases. In this study, our results suggested the potent anti-inflammatory effect of KPT-8602 in vitro and in vivo. KPT-8602 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway by blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and the priming of NLRP3. Importantly, the administration of KPT-8602 attenuated both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral inflammation and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neuroinflammation in vivo. In addition, the tissue damage was also ameliorated by KPT-8602, indicating that KPT-8602 could be used as a novel potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammasome-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, through the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Liu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxiang Wang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Gu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Na Che
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China.,The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Melatonin in ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid: Its function in the neural glymphatic network and biological significance for neurocognitive health. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
25
|
Dexmedetomidine Can Enhance PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in MPTP-Induced PD Mice Model by Activating AMPK. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7511393. [PMID: 35528513 PMCID: PMC9068320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7511393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Our previous study has shown that dexmedetomidine (Dex) can protect mitochondrial function and reduce apoptosis in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Evidences have shown that mitophagy is related to the development of PD. In this study, we investigated whether Dex can enhance mitophagy in MPTP-induced mice to play a neuroprotective effect. In our experiment, mice were injected with MPTP 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days to establish a PD subacute model. Dex (30, 50, and 100 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before each injection of MPTP, respectively. Our results showed that Dex (50 μg/kg) most significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and restored TH-positive neurons in the SN, increased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of apoptotic proteins cleaved casepase3, cleaved casepase9, and Bax. Moreover, Dex increased the activity of mitochondrial Complexes I-IV and decreased the level of oxidative stress, manifesting as decreased MDA levels and increased SOD and GSH-PX levels. Besides, under transmission electron microscopy, Dex increased the mitophagosome which is an autophagosome with a mitochondrion-like structure inside under the electron microscope. In addition, Dex could also increase the expression of mitophagy-related proteins p-AMPK, LC3II/I, PINK1, and Parkin and decrease P62. However, after using Compound C (CC, 10 mg/kg, AMPK inhibitor), the effects of Dex on increasing PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy and neuroprotection were attenuated. In conclusion, Dex may improve mitochondrial function by activating AMPK to enhance PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy, thereby protecting dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen M, Peng L, Gong P, Zheng X, Sun T, Zhang X, Huo J. Baicalein Induces Mitochondrial Autophagy to Prevent Parkinson's Disease in Rats via miR-30b and the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR Pathway. Front Neurol 2022; 12:646817. [PMID: 35237220 PMCID: PMC8883053 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.646817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevailing neurodegenerative disorder. Baicalein has neuroprotective effects on PD animals, but its mechanism is not clarified. We explored baicalein effects on PD rats. PD rat models were established by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum of substantia nigra on the left side of the rat brain and treated with baicalein. Dopamine (DA) content, neuronal apoptosis, neuronal injury, neuronal mitochondria, and autophagy were assessed. Baicalein-treated PD rats were treated with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine to identify the role of autophagy in PD. PD rats were injected with AgomiR-30b-5p or sh-SIRT1 plasmids and treated with baicalein. PD rats elicited decreased neurological score and DA secretion of the striatum, increased neuronal apoptosis, and injury, and reduced number of mitochondria and autophagy, whereas baicalein alleviated neuronal injury and partly recovered mitochondrial dysfunction, 3-methyladenine inhibited the protection of baicalein. miR-30b-5p was elevated and SIRT1 was diminished in PD rats and inhibited by baicalein. miR-30b-5p targeted SIRT1. miR-30b-5p overexpression or SIRT1 silencing annulled the protection of baicalein. The phosphorylation level of AMPK in the substantia nigra of PD rats was decreased and mTOR was increased, whereas baicalein annulled these trends. Briefly, baicalein activated mitochondrial autophagy via miR-30b-5p and the SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway, thus protecting PD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangtao Huo
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangtao Huo
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou T, Li Z, Chen H. Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced pyroptosis in rat alveolar Type II cells (RLE-6TN) through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) downregulation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1880-1892. [PMID: 35109747 PMCID: PMC8973817 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2018981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis has pivotal parts within disease development, rendering this attractive mechanism for novel therapeutics. This investigation aimed at analyzing melatonin roles within pyroptosis together with related mechanistics. RLE-6TN cultures were exposed to varying LPS doses for 4.5 h followed by concomitant culturing in the presence of ATP (5 mM) for 0.5 h to induce injury, and the roles of melatonin, N-Acety-L-cysteine (NAC - a ROS scavenger), ML385 (specific Nrf2 inhibitor) were examined. Apoptosis analysis was performed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays, together with propidium iodide (PI) stain-assay. Intracellular ROS were quantified through 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Pyrolysis-associated proteins, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 P20 (Caspase-1 P20), gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), and mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were identified through Western blotting. Dataset outcomes demonstrated LPS/ATP induce RLE-6TN cell pyroptosis, while melatonin alleviated this phenomenon, visualized through increased cell survival rate, reduction of LDH discharge and PI+ cellular count. Moreover, melatonin effectively reduced NLRP3 inflammasome triggering in RLE-6TN cells. Meanwhile, this study demonstrated melatonin thwarting over NLRP3 inflammasome triggering was depending on ROS. In addition, this study found that melatonin activated Nrf2/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, with pyroptotic-inhibiting function of melatonin was reverted through a bespoke Nrf2-inhibitor and siNrf2. In summary, this study concluded that melatonin prevents RLE-6TN cellular pyroptosis through Nrf2-triggered ROS downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University,1# Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nguyen LTN, Nguyen HD, Kim YJ, Nguyen TT, Lai TT, Lee YK, Ma HI, Kim YE. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Considerations. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2117-2133. [PMID: 35988226 PMCID: PMC9661339 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with two main pathological features: misfolded α-synuclein protein accumulation and neurodegeneration. Inflammation has recently been identified as a contributor to a cascade of events that may aggravate PD pathology. Inflammasomes, a group of intracellular protein complexes, play an important role in innate immune responses to various diseases, including infection. In PD research, accumulating evidence suggests that α-synuclein aggregations may activate inflammasomes, particularly the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich repeat-pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) type, which exacerbates inflammation in the central nervous system by secreting proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. Afterward, activated NLRP3 triggers local microglia and astrocytes to release additional IL-1β. In turn, the activated inflammatory process may contribute to additional α-synuclein aggregation and cell loss. This review summarizes current research evidence on how the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to PD pathogenesis, as well as potential therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Huu Dat Nguyen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Tinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hyeo-il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|