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Reza Sayah M, Ebrahimi S, Mirafzal I, Shamloo A. Investigation of the size and shape of nano-microcarriers for targeted drug delivery to atherosclerotic plaque in ischemic stroke prevention. Int J Pharm 2024:124469. [PMID: 39004292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing the significance of drug carriers in the treatment of atherosclerotic plaque is crucial in light of the worldwide repercussions of ischemic stroke. Conservative methodologies, specifically targeted drug delivery, present encouraging substitutes that mitigate the hazards linked to invasive procedures. With the intention of illuminating their considerable significance and prospective benefits, this study examines the impact of the geometry and dimensions of drug-loaded nano-microcarriers on atherosclerotic plaque. The research utilizes a finite element approach to simulate the motion and fluid dynamics of nano-microcarriers loaded with drugs within the carotid arteries. Carriers are available in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate patient-specific geometries, pulsatile fluid flow, and non-Newtonian blood properties. Optimization of drug delivery is achieved through the examination of carrier interaction with the inner wall. The results demonstrated that the interaction data between particles and the inner wall of atherosclerotic plaques exhibits micro- and nanoscale patterns that are distinct. Symmetric plaques demonstrate that nanoparticles with a 0.4 shape factor and diameters below 200 nm show the highest interaction rate. Conversely, larger particles (200 and 500 nm) with shape factors of 1 demonstrate comparatively elevated interaction rates. The optimal shape factor for drug-loaded microparticles has been determined to be one, and the number of interactions increases as the diameter of the nanoparticles increases, with a significant increase observed at a shape factor of one. Asymmetric plaques exhibit the maximum interaction rates among particles that have a shape factor of 0.4 and have diameters smaller than 500 µm. The findings establish a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies, establishing nano-microparticles as auspicious contenders for accurate and efficacious drug delivery systems that inhibit plaque proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sayah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ebrahimi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Mirafzal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Delille F, Pu Y, Lequeux N, Pons T. Designing the Surface Chemistry of Inorganic Nanocrystals for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2456. [PMID: 35626059 PMCID: PMC9139368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanocrystals, such as gold, iron oxide and semiconductor quantum dots, offer promising prospects for cancer diagnostics, imaging and therapy, due to their specific plasmonic, magnetic or fluorescent properties. The organic coating, or surface ligands, of these nanoparticles ensures their colloidal stability in complex biological fluids and enables their functionalization with targeting functions. It also controls the interactions of the nanoparticle with biomolecules in their environment. It therefore plays a crucial role in determining nanoparticle biodistribution and, ultimately, the imaging or therapeutic efficiency. This review summarizes the various strategies used to develop optimal surface chemistries for the in vivo preclinical and clinical application of inorganic nanocrystals. It discusses the current understanding of the influence of the nanoparticle surface chemistry on its colloidal stability, interaction with proteins, biodistribution and tumor uptake, and the requirements to develop an optimal surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Delille
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielle, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.D.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yuzhou Pu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielle, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.D.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lequeux
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielle, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.D.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Pons
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielle, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.D.); (Y.P.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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Emami F, Banstola A, Jeong JH, Yook S. Cetuximab-anchored gold nanorod mediated photothermal ablation of breast cancer cell in spheroid model embedded with tumor associated macrophage. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles Grafted with N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine for Polymer Modification. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061434. [PMID: 34071711 PMCID: PMC8229060 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The subjects of this work were the enhancement and determination of the stability and other properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in an aqueous solution, gold nanoparticle immobilization, and further surface grafting on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). Gold nanoparticles in PEG with a subsequent water solution addition were prepared using cathode sputtering; for the subsequent surface activation, two different solutions were used: (i) sodium citrate dihydrate (TCD) and (ii) N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC). The aim of this work was to study the effect of the concentration of these solutions on AuNPs stability, and further, the effect of the concentration of gold nanoparticles and their morphology, and to describe the aging process of solutions, namely, the optical properties of samples over 28 days. Stabilized AuNPs were prepared in an N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) system and subsequently immobilized with NALC. The surface chemistry modification of AuNPs was confirmed using HRTEM/EDS. Gold nanoparticles were successfully immobilized with NALC. Grafting of the modified PEN from a solution of colloidal gold stabilized in the PEG–H2O–NALC system led to the polymer surface functionalization.
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New Approaches in Nanomedicine for Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050757. [PMID: 34065179 PMCID: PMC8161190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain and subsequent neuronal death, represents one of the main causes of disability in developed countries. Therapeutic methods such as recanalization approaches, neuroprotective drugs, or recovery strategies have been widely developed to improve the patient's outcome; however, important limitations such as a narrow therapeutic window, the ability to reach brain targets, or drug side effects constitute some of the main aspects that limit the clinical applicability of the current treatments. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool to overcome many of these drug limitations and improve the efficacy of treatments for neurological diseases such as stroke. The use of nanoparticles as a contrast agent or as drug carriers to a specific target are some of the most common approaches developed in nanomedicine for stroke. Throughout this review, we have summarized our experience of using nanotechnology tools for the study of stroke and the search for novel therapies.
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Abad JM, Puertas S, Pérez D, Sánchez-Espinel C. Design and Development of Antibody Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2834-2840. [PMID: 33653448 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticle constitutes a powerful interface biosystem for biomedical applications where the properties of gold nanoparticles and the specificity of antibody-antigen interactions are combined. This study provides insight into the key factors for the development of antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles focusing on the immobilization of the antibody. Here, we address an oriented antibody immobilization procedure on gold nanoparticles. It comprises chelatemodified gold nanoparticles that are designed for oriented immobilization of IgG antibodies (end on spatial orientation) through the metal-chelation to histidine-rich metal binding site in the heavy chain (Fc) of the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Abad
- Nanoimmunotech, S.L. Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Sara Puertas
- Nanoimmunotech, S.L. Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez
- Nanoimmunotech, S.L. Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Christian Sánchez-Espinel
- Nanoimmunotech, S.L. Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Neha Desai, Momin M, Khan T, Gharat S, Ningthoujam RS, Omri A. Metallic nanoparticles as drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1261-1290. [PMID: 33793359 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1912008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The targeted delivery of anticancer agents to tumor is a major challenge because most of the drugs show off-target effect resulting in nonspecific cell death. Multifunctionalized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are explored as new carrier system in the era of cancer therapeutics. Researchers investigated the potential of metallic NPs to target tumor cells by active and passive mechanisms, thereby reducing off-target effects of anticancer agents. Moreover, photocatalytic activity of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect have also gained wide potential in cancer treatment. Recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology highlights their potency for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the types of gold and silver metallic NPs with targeting mechanisms and their potentiality in cancer therapy. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology for cancer therapy offer high specificity and targeting efficiency. Targeting tumor cells through mechanistic pathways using metallic NPs for the disruption/alteration of molecular profile and survival rate of the tumor cells has led to an effective approach for cancer therapeutics. This alteration in the survival rate of the tumor cells might decrease the proliferation thereby resulting in more efficient management in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sankalp Gharat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Amina SJ, Guo B. A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9823-9857. [PMID: 33324054 PMCID: PMC7732174 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in biomedical fields due to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice for biomedical applications due to their amenability of synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection. In the past few decades, various chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of AuNPs, but recently, newer environment friendly green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have gained attention. AuNPs can be conjugated with a number of functionalizing moieties including ligands, therapeutic agents, DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Recently, studies have shown that gold nanoparticles not only infiltrate the blood vessels to reach the site of tumor but also enter inside the organelles, suggesting that they can be employed as effective drug carriers. Moreover, after reaching their target site, gold nanoparticles can release their payload upon an external or internal stimulus. This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of AuNPs. In addition, strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Jabeen Amina
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204, USA
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Emami F, Pathak S, Nguyen TT, Shrestha P, Maharjan S, Kim JO, Jeong JH, Yook S. Photoimmunotherapy with cetuximab-conjugated gold nanorods reduces drug resistance in triple negative breast cancer spheroids with enhanced infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages. J Control Release 2020; 329:645-664. [PMID: 33022330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) constitute up to 50-80% of stromal cells in breast cancer (BC), and are correlated with poor prognosis. As epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 60-80% of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), photoimmunotherapy (PIT) with cetuximab-targeted gold nanorods (CTX-AuNR) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for TNBC. The 3D cell culture model can mimic drug resistance conferred by the tumor microenvironment and its 3D organization; therefore, TAM and non-TAM embedded TNBC spheroids were constructed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CTX-AuNR plus near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and protein expression were compared in TNBC (± TAM) spheroids. The IC50 values of doxorubicin (DOX) in TAM-embedded TNBC spheroids were significantly higher than those in TNBC spheroids, demonstrating drug resistance, which could be explained by activation of IL-10/IL-10 receptor/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling. However, 3D in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the efficacy of CTX-AuNR plus NIR irradiation was not significantly different in (± TAM) embedded TNBC cells. By enhancing ROS generation, CTX-AuNR plus NIR irradiation reprogrammed TAM polarization to the M1 anti-tumor phenotype, as indicated by macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) downregulation. Thus, CTX-AuNR plus NIR can serve as a potent PIT strategy for treating EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhrossadat Emami
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Srijan Maharjan
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Scholz F, Rüttinger L, Heckmann T, Freund L, Gad AM, Fischer T, Gütter A, Söffing HH. Carboxyl functionalized gold nanorods for sensitive visual detection of biomolecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 164:112324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gulyuz S, Bayram D, Ozkose UU, Bolat ZB, Kocak P, Saka OM, Devrim B, Parlak Khalily M, Telci D, Sahin F, Özçubukçu S, Sezer E, Tasdelen MA, Alpturk O, Bozkır A, Yilmaz O. Synthesis, biocompatibility and gene encapsulation of poly(2-Ethyl 2-Oxazoline)-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEtOx-DOPE) and post-modifications with peptides and fluorescent dye coumarin. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1767617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gulyuz
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Bayram
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Ugur Ozkose
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Busra Bolat
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Polen Kocak
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ongun Mehmet Saka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Devrim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Parlak Khalily
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Sezer
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Onur Alpturk
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Bozkır
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Yilmaz
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Woodman C, Vundu G, George A, Wilson CM. Applications and strategies in nanodiagnosis and nanotherapy in lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:349-364. [PMID: 32088362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of death in both men and women in the world. Lung cancer is heterogeneous in nature and diagnosis is often at an advanced stage as it develops silently in the lung and is frequently associated with high mortality rates. Despite the advances made in understanding the biology of lung cancer, progress in early diagnosis, cancer therapy modalities and considering the mechanisms of drug resistance, the prognosis and outcome still remains low for many patients. Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing areas of research that can solve many biological problems such as cancer. A growing number of therapies based on using nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully entered the clinic to treat pain, cancer, and infectious diseases. Recent progress in nanotechnology has been encouraging and directed to developing novel nanoparticles that can be one step ahead of the cancer reducing the possibility of multi-drug resistance. Nanomedicine using NPs is continuingly impacting cancer diagnosis and treatment. Chemotherapy is often associated with limited targeting to the tumor, side effects and low solubility that leads to insufficient drug reaching the tumor. Overcoming these drawbacks of chemotherapy by equipping NPs with theranostic capability which is leading to the development of novel strategies. This review provides a synopsis of current progress in theranostic applications for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy using NPs including liposome, polymeric NPs, quantum dots, gold NPs, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and magnetic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Woodman
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gugulethu Vundu
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom; Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, United Kingdom; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.
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13
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Dal Poggetto G, Troise SS, Conte C, Marchetti R, Moret F, Iadonisi A, Silipo A, Lanzetta R, Malinconico M, Quaglia F, Laurienzo P. Nanoparticles decorated with folate based on a site-selective αCD-rotaxanated PEG-b-PCL copolymer for targeted cancer therapy. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NPs fabricated from a mixture of PEG-b-PCL and selectively rotaxanated Fol-PEG(αCD)-PCL showed internalisation in KB cells through an active targeting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Conte
- Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Napoli Federico II
- 80131 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- I-80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Institute for Polymers
- Composites and Biomaterials
- CNR
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Napoli Federico II
- 80131 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Paola Laurienzo
- Institute for Polymers
- Composites and Biomaterials
- CNR
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
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Da Silva-Candal A, Brown T, Krishnan V, Lopez-Loureiro I, Ávila-Gómez P, Pusuluri A, Pérez-Díaz A, Correa-Paz C, Hervella P, Castillo J, Mitragotri S, Campos F. Shape effect in active targeting of nanoparticles to inflamed cerebral endothelium under static and flow conditions. J Control Release 2019; 309:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Rahme K, Dagher N. Chemistry Routes for Copolymer Synthesis Containing PEG for Targeting, Imaging, and Drug Delivery Purposes. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070327. [PMID: 31336703 PMCID: PMC6680653 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most frequently used polymers for coating nanocarriers to enhance their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, stability, and biodegradability. PEG is now considered to be among the best biocompatible polymers. It offers sterical hindrance against other nanoparticles and blood components such as opsonin, preventing their macrophage phagocytosis and resulting in a prolonged circulation time in blood stream, consequently a ‘stealth character’ in vivo. Therefore, PEG has a very promising future for the development of current therapeutics and biomedical applications. Moreover, the vast number of molecules that PEG can conjugate with might enhance its ability to have an optimistic perspective for the future. This review will present an update on the chemistry used in the modern conjugation methods for a variety of PEG conjugates, such methods include, but are not limited to, the synthesis of targeting PEG conjugates (i.e., Peptides, Folate, Biotin, Mannose etc.), imaging PEG conjugates (i.e., Coumarin, Near Infrared dyes etc.) and delivery PEG conjugates (i.e., doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and other hydrophobic low molecular weight drugs). Furthermore, the type of nanoparticles carrying those conjugates, along with their biomedical uses, will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, P.O. Box 72, Zouk Mikael, Lebanon.
| | - Nazih Dagher
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, P.O. Box 72, Zouk Mikael, Lebanon
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Leite PEC, Pereira MR, Harris G, Pamies D, Dos Santos LMG, Granjeiro JM, Hogberg HT, Hartung T, Smirnova L. Suitability of 3D human brain spheroid models to distinguish toxic effects of gold and poly-lactic acid nanoparticles to assess biocompatibility for brain drug delivery. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:22. [PMID: 31159811 PMCID: PMC6545685 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the bottleneck of brain-targeted drug development. Due to their physico-chemical properties, nanoparticles (NP) can cross the BBB and accumulate in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS), thus are potential tools to carry drugs and treat brain disorders. In vitro systems and animal models have demonstrated that some NP types promote neurotoxic effects such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS. Thus, risk assessment of the NP is required, but current 2D cell cultures fail to mimic complex in vivo cellular interactions, while animal models do not necessarily reflect human effects due to physiological and species differences. Results We evaluated the suitability of in vitro models that mimic the human CNS physiology, studying the effects of metallic gold NP (AuNP) functionalized with sodium citrate (Au-SC), or polyethylene glycol (Au-PEG), and polymeric polylactic acid NP (PLA-NP). Two different 3D neural models were used (i) human dopaminergic neurons differentiated from the LUHMES cell line (3D LUHMES) and (ii) human iPSC-derived brain spheroids (BrainSpheres). We evaluated NP uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, viability, morphology, secretion of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, and expression of genes related to ROS regulation after 24 and 72 h exposures. NP were efficiently taken up by spheroids, especially when PEGylated and in presence of glia. AuNP, especially PEGylated AuNP, effected mitochondria and anti-oxidative defense. PLA-NP were slightly cytotoxic to 3D LUHMES with no effects to BrainSpheres. Conclusions 3D brain models, both monocellular and multicellular are useful in studying NP neurotoxicity and can help identify how specific cell types of CNS are affected by NP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-019-0307-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Emílio Corrêa Leite
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences - Dimav, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças 50, LABET - Dimav, Predio 27, Duque de Caxias, Xerem, Rio de Janeiro, 25250-020, Brazil.
| | | | - Georgina Harris
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, USA
| | - Lisia Maria Gobbo Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Quality Control in Health - INCQS/Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences - Dimav, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Av. Nossa Senhora das Graças 50, LABET - Dimav, Predio 27, Duque de Caxias, Xerem, Rio de Janeiro, 25250-020, Brazil.,Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, USA
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,University of Konstanz, Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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17
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Jahangirian H, Kalantari K, Izadiyan Z, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Shameli K, Webster TJ. A review of small molecules and drug delivery applications using gold and iron nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1633-1657. [PMID: 30880970 PMCID: PMC6417854 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer treatment techniques show several limitations including low or no specificity and consequently a low efficacy in discriminating between cancer cells and healthy cells. Recent nanotechnology developments have introduced smart and novel therapeutic nanomaterials that take advantage of various targeting approaches. The use of nanotechnology in medicine and, more specifically, drug delivery is set to spread even more rapidly than it has over the past two decades. Currently, many nanoparticles (NPs) are under investigation for drug delivery including those for cancer therapy. Targeted nanomaterials bind selectively to cancer cells and greatly affect them with only a minor effect on healthy cells. Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), specifically, have been identified as significant candidates for new cancer therapeutic modalities because of their biocompatibility, easy functionalization and fabrication, optical tunable characteristics, and chemophysical stability. In the last decade, there has been significant research on Au-NPs and their biomedical applications. Functionalized Au-NPs represent highly attractive and promising candidates for drug delivery, owing to their unique dimensions, tunable surface functionalities, and controllable drug release. Further, iron oxide NPs due to their "superparamagnetic" properties have been studied and have demonstrated successful employment in numerous applications. In targeted drug delivery systems, drug-loaded iron oxide NPs can accumulate at the tumor site with the aid of an external magnetic field. This can lead to incremental effectiveness in drug release to the tumor site and vanquish cancer cells without harming healthy cells. In order for the application of iron oxide NPs in the human body to be realized, they should be biodegradable and biocompatible to minimize toxicity. This review illustrates recent advances in the field drug and small molecule delivery such as fluorouracil, folic acid, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and daunorubicin, specifically when using gold and iron oxide NPs as carriers of anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Katayoon Kalantari
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahra Izadiyan
- Department of Environment and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Department of Environment and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA,
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18
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Maurya A, Singh AK, Mishra G, Kumari K, Rai A, Sharma B, Kulkarni GT, Awasthi R. Strategic use of nanotechnology in drug targeting and its consequences on human health: A focused review. Interv Med Appl Sci 2019; 11:38-54. [PMID: 32148902 PMCID: PMC7044564 DOI: 10.1556/1646.11.2019.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of first lipid-based nanocarrier system, about 15% of the present pharmaceutical market uses nanomedicines to achieve medical benefits. Nanotechnology is an advanced area to meliorate the delivery of compounds for improved medical diagnosis and curing disease. Nanomedicines are gaining significant interest due to the ultra small size and large surface area to mass ratio. In this review, we discuss the potential of nanotechnology in delivering of active moieties for the disease therapy including their toxicity evidences. This communication will help the formulation scientists in understanding and exploring the new aspects of nanotechnology in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Maurya
- Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Komal Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Arati Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
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19
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Hernandez Y, González-Pastor R, Belmar-Lopez C, Mendoza G, de la Fuente JM, Martin-Duque P. Gold nanoparticle coatings as efficient adenovirus carriers to non-infectable stem cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1327-1334. [PMID: 35517997 PMCID: PMC9059632 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent cells with the plasticity to be converted into different cell types. Their self-renewal capacity, relative ease of isolation, expansion and inherent migration to tumors, make them perfect candidates for cell therapy against cancer. However, MSCs are notoriously refractory to adenoviral infection, mainly because CAR (Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor) expression is absent or downregulated. Over the last years, nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention as potential vehicle candidates for gene delivery, but with limited effects on their own. Our data showed that the use of positively charged 14 nm gold nanoparticles either functionalized with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif or not, increases the efficiency of adenovirus infection in comparison to commercial reagents without altering cell viability or cell phenotype. This system represents a simple, efficient and safe method for the transduction of MSCs, being attractive for cancer gene and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Hernandez
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Rebeca González-Pastor
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Carolina Belmar-Lopez
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales (ICMA), CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- CIBER-BBN 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Fundación Araid 50001 Zaragoza Spain
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20
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Eskandari Z, Kazdal F, Bahadori F, Ebrahimi N. Quality-by-design model in optimization of PEG-PLGA nano micelles for targeted cancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Sherin L, Farwa S, Sohail A, Li Z, Bég OA. Cancer drug therapy and stochastic modeling of "nano-motors". Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6429-6440. [PMID: 30410329 PMCID: PMC6198871 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlled inhibition of kinesin motor proteins is highly desired in the field of oncology. Among other interventions, there exists “targeted chemotherapeutic regime/options” of selective Eg5 competitive and allosteric inhibitors, inducing cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression with improved safety profiles. Research question Though promising, such studies are still under clinical trials, for the discovery of efficient and least harmful Eg5 inhibitors. The aim of this research was to bridge the computational modeling approach with drug design and therapy of cancer cells. Methods A computational model, interfaced with the clinical data of “Eg5 dynamics” and “inhibitors” via special functions, is presented in this article. Comparisons are made for the drug efficacy, and the threshold values are predicted through numerical simulations. Results Results are obtained to depict the dynamics induced by ispinesib, when used as an inhibitor of kinesin Eg5, on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Sherin
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shabieh Farwa
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sohail
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore 54000, Pakistan,
| | - Zhiwu Li
- Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - O Anwar Bég
- Fluid Mechanics, Spray Research Group, Mechanical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, G77, University of Salford, Manchester M54WT, UK
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22
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Abedin MR, Umapathi S, Mahendrakar H, Laemthong T, Coleman H, Muchangi D, Santra S, Nath M, Barua S. Polymer coated gold-ferric oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles for theranostic applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:80. [PMID: 30316298 PMCID: PMC6186064 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are essential components in the development of nanotechnologies. For applications in nanomedicine, particles need to be functionalized to ensure a good dispersibility in biological fluids. In many cases however, functionalization is not sufficient: the particles become either coated by a corona of serum proteins or precipitate out of the solvent. We show that by changing the coating of magnetic iron oxide NPs using poly-L-lysine (PLL) polymer the colloidal stability of the dispersion is improved in aqueous solutions including water, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), PBS with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cell culture medium, and the internalization of the NPs toward living mammalian cells is profoundly affected. METHODS A multifunctional magnetic NP is designed to perform a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive remote control photothermal ablation for the treatment of breast cancer. In contrast to the previously reported studies of gold (Au) magnetic (Fe3O4) core-shell NPs, a Janus-like nanostructure is synthesized with Fe3O4 NPs decorated with Au resulting in an approximate size of 60 nm mean diameter. The surface of trisoctahedral Au-Fe3O4 NPs was coated with a positively charged polymer, PLL to deliver the NPs inside cells. The PLL-Au-Fe3O4 NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, FT-IR and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The unique properties of both Au surface plasmon resonance and superparamagnetic moment result in a multimodal platform for use as a nanothermal ablator and also as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, respectively. Taking advantage of the photothermal therapy, PLL-Au-Fe3O4 NPs were incubated with BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, investigated for the cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake, and remotely triggered by a NIR laser of ~ 808 nm (1 W/cm2 for 10 min). RESULTS The PLL coating increased the colloidal stability and robustness of Au-Fe3O4 NPs (PLL-Au-Fe3O4) in biological media including cell culture medium, PBS and PBS with 10% fetal bovine serum. It is revealed that no significant (< 10%) cytotoxicity was induced by PLL-Au-Fe3O4 NPs itself in BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cells at concentrations up to 100 μg/ml. Brightfield microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and TEM showed significant uptake of PLL-Au-Fe3O4 NPs by BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The cells exhibited 40 and 60% inhibition in BT-474 and MDA-MB-231 cell growth, respectively following the internalized NPs were triggered by a photothermal laser using 100 μg/ml PLL-Au-Fe3O4 NPs. The control cells treated with NPs but without laser showed < 10% cell death compared to no laser treatment control CONCLUSION: Combined together, the results demonstrate a new polymer gold superparamagnetic nanostructure that integrates both diagnostics function and photothermal ablation of tumors into a single multimodal nanoplatform exhibiting a significant cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raisul Abedin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO 65409-1230 USA
| | - Siddesh Umapathi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409 USA
| | - Harika Mahendrakar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO 65409-1230 USA
| | - Tunyaboon Laemthong
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO 65409-1230 USA
| | - Holly Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409 USA
| | - Denise Muchangi
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA
| | - Manashi Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409 USA
| | - Sutapa Barua
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 110 Bertelsmeyer Hall, 1101 N. State Street, Rolla, MO 65409-1230 USA
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23
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Effect of Chemical Binding of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride to Gold Nanoparticles, Versus Electrostatic Adsorption, on the In Vitro Drug Release and Cytotoxicity to Breast Cancer Cells. Pharm Res 2018; 35:112. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Abstract
This chapter presents an outline of the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano drug delivery systems. Of particular importance is the evaluation of several key factors to design nontoxic and effective nanoformulations. Among them, we focus on nanostructure materials and synthesis methods, mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, treatment of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nanostability. Emphasis is given to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used to assess and predict the toxicity of these new formulations. Additionally, some examples of in vitro and in vivo studies of specific nanoderivatives are also presented in this chapter.
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25
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De Matteis V, Rinaldi R. Toxicity Assessment in the Nanoparticle Era. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1048:1-19. [PMID: 29453529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The wide use of engineered nanomaterials in many fields, ranging from biomedical, agriculture, environment, cosmetic, urged the scientific community to understand the processes behind their potential toxicity, in order to develop new strategies for human safety. As a matter of fact, there is a big discrepancy between the increased classes of nanoparticles and the consequent applications versus their toxicity assessment. Nanotoxicology is defined as the science that studies the effects of engineered nanodevices and nanostructures in living organisms. This chapter analyzes the physico-chemical properties of the most used nanoparticles, the way they enter the living organism and their cytoxicity mechanisms at cellular exposure level. Moreover, the current state of nanoparticles risk assessment is reported and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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26
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Riley KR, Sims CM, Wood IT, Vanderah DJ, Walker ML. Short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide)-functionalized gold nanoparticles: realization of significant protein resistance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:145-154. [PMID: 29085987 PMCID: PMC5763551 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein corona formed on nanomaterial surfaces play an important role in the bioavailability and cellular uptake of nanomaterials. Modification of surfaces with oligoethylene glycols (OEG) are a common way to improve the resistivity of nanomaterials to protein adsorption. Short-chain ethylene oxide (EO) oligomers have been shown to improve the protein resistance of planar Au surfaces. We describe the application of these EO oligomers for improved protein resistance of 30 nm spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Functionalized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for separation and quantitation of AuNPs and AuNP-protein mixtures. Specifically, nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM) was employed for the determination of equilibrium and rate constants for binding between citrate-stabilized AuNPs and two model proteins, lysozyme and fibrinogen. Semi-quantitative CE analysis was carried out for mixtures of EO-functionalized AuNPs and proteins, and results demonstrated a 2.5-fold to 10-fold increase in protein binding resistance to lysozyme depending on the AuNP surface functionalization and a 15-fold increase in protein binding resistance to fibrinogen for both EO oligomers examined in this study. Graphical abstract Using capillary electrophoresis, the addition of short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide) ligands to gold nanoparticles was shown to improve protein binding resistance up to 15-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Riley
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Imani T Wood
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - David J Vanderah
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Marlon L Walker
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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27
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Pohlit H, Worm M, Langhanki J, Berger-Nicoletti E, Opatz T, Frey H. Silver Oxide Mediated Monotosylation of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG): Heterobifunctional PEG via Polymer Desymmetrization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pohlit
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr.
1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Langhanki
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Berger-Nicoletti
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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28
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PCL- b -P(MMA- co -DMAEMA) 2 new triblock copolymer for novel pH-sensitive nanocapsules intended for drug delivery to tumors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Lujan H, Sayes CM. Cytotoxicological pathways induced after nanoparticle exposure: studies of oxidative stress at the 'nano-bio' interface. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:580-594. [PMID: 30090527 PMCID: PMC6062389 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is advancing rapidly; many industries are utilizing nanomaterials because of their remarkable properties. As of 2017, over 1800 "nano-enabled products" (i.e. products that incorporate a nanomaterial feature and alter the product's performance) have been used to revolutionize pharmaceutical, transportation, and agriculture industries, just to name a few. As the number of nano-enabled products continues to increase, the risk of nanoparticle exposure to humans and the surrounding environment also increases. These exposures are usually classified as either intentional or unintentional. The increased rate of potential nanoparticle exposure to humans has required the field of 'nanotoxicology' to rapidly screen for key biological, biochemical, chemical, or physical signals, signatures, or markers associated with specific toxicological pathways of injury within in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models. One of the common goals of nanotoxicology research is to identify critical perturbed biological pathways that can lead to an adverse outcome. This review focuses on the most common toxicological pathways induced by nanoparticle exposure and provides insights into how these perturbations could aid in the development of nanomaterial specific adverse outcomes, inform nano-enabled product development, ensure safe manufacturing practices, promote intentional product use, and avoid environmental health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lujan
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , TX 76798-7266 , USA . ; ; Tel: +254-710-34769
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , Waco , TX 76798-7266 , USA . ; ; Tel: +254-710-34769
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30
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Kong FY, Zhang JW, Li RF, Wang ZX, Wang WJ, Wang W. Unique Roles of Gold Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery, Targeting and Imaging Applications. Molecules 2017; 22:E1445. [PMID: 28858253 PMCID: PMC6151763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become more and more potentially used in diagnosis or treatment of diseases. Advances in nanotechnology have led to new and improved nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Common nanomaterials applicable in biomedical applications include liposomes, polymeric micelles, graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and so on. Among them, Au NPs have been considered as the most interesting nanomaterial because of its unique optical, electronic, sensing and biochemical properties. Au NPs have been potentially applied for medical imaging, drug delivery, and tumor therapy in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This review focuses on some recent advances in the use of Au NPs as drug carriers for the intracellular delivery of therapeutics and as molecular nanoprobes for the detection and monitoring of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Ying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Jin-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Rong-Fang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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Kalaignana Selvi S, Mahesh Kumar J, Sashidhar R. Anti-proliferative activity of Gum kondagogu ( Cochlospermum gossypium )-gold nanoparticle constructs on B16F10 melanoma cells: An in vitro model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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32
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Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Studies of Gold Nanoparticles from Zingiber officinal. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-017-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Clement S, Chen W, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Verteprofin conjugated to gold nanoparticles for fluorescent cellular bioimaging and X-ray mediated photodynamic therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fakhri A, Tahami S, Naji M. Synthesis and characterization of core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles for synergistic antimicrobial effect studies in combination with doxycycline on burn specific pathogens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 169:21-26. [PMID: 28254569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nano-medicine is a breakthrough discovery in the healthcare sector. Doxycycline is a new generation antibiotic which is proved to be a boon in the treatment of patients with complicated skin infections. We have tried to explore the benefits of synthesized bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles in combination with new generation antibiotic for burn infections. The bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized by core-shell method were characterized using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The calculated average particle sizes of the Ag-Au NPs were found to be 27.5nm. The Ag-Au core-shell BNPs show a characteristic Plasmon peak at 525nm which is broad and red shifted. The synergistic antimicrobial activity of doxycycline conjugated bimetallic nanoparticles was investigated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. This combined therapeutic agent showed greater bactericidal activity. Synergy of antibiotic with bimetallic nanoparticles is quite promising for significant application in burn healing therapy. The mechanism of the antibacterial activity was studied through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was later suppressed with antioxidant to establish correlation with the Ag-Au NPs antimicrobial activity. Ag-Au NPs showed effective antiproliferative activity toward A549 human lung cancer (CCL-185) and MCF-7 human breast cancer (HTB-22) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fakhri
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Tahami
- Department of Biology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Naji
- Department of Materials Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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35
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Rafati A, Shard AG, Castner DG. Multitechnique characterization of oligo(ethylene glycol) functionalized gold nanoparticles. Biointerphases 2016; 11:04B304. [PMID: 27829273 PMCID: PMC5106433 DOI: 10.1116/1.4967216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with average diameters of ∼14 and ∼40 nm, as well as flat gold coated silicon wafers, were functionalized with oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) terminated 1-undecanethiol (HS-CH2)11 self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Both hydroxyl [(OEG)4OH] and methoxy [(OEG)4OMe] terminated SAMs were prepared. The AuNPs were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). These studies provided quantitative information about the OEG functionalized AuNPs. TEM showed the 14 nm AuNPs were more spherical and had a narrower size distribution than the 40 nm AuNPs. ToF-SIMS clearly differentiated between the two OEG SAMs based on the C3H7O+ peak attributed to the methoxy group in the OMe terminated SAMs as well as the different masses of the [Au + M]- ion (M = mass of the thiol molecule) from each type of SAM. Overlayer/substrate ratios quantitatively determined with XPS show a greater proportion of OEG units at the surface of 40 nm AuNPs compared to the 14 nm AuNPs. ATR-FTIR suggested the C11 backbone of the two SAMs on both AuNPs are similar and crystalline, but the OEG head groups are more crystalline on the 40 nm AuNPs compared to the 14 nm AuNPs. This indicated a better ordered SAM present at the surface of the larger, more irregular particles due to greater ordering of the OEG groups. This was consistent with the XPS and LEIS results, which showed a 30% thicker SAM was formed on the 40 nm AuNPs compared to the 14 nm AuNPs. The OH or OMe functionality did not have a significant effect on the ordering and thickness of the OEG SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafati
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 351653, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653
| | - Alexander G Shard
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - David G Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 351653, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653
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36
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Haraketi M, Hosni K, Srasra E. Intercalation of salicylic acid into ZnAl and MgAl layered double hydroxides for a controlled release formulation. COLLOID JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x16040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Uz M, Bulmus V, Alsoy Altinkaya S. Effect of PEG Grafting Density and Hydrodynamic Volume on Gold Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions: An Investigation on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5997-6009. [PMID: 27206138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, interactions of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with cells were investigated with particular focus on the relationship between the PEG layer properties (conformation, grafting density, and hydrodynamic volume) and cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Steric hindrance and PEG hydrodynamic volume controlled the protein adsorption, whereas the AuNP core size and PEG hydrodynamic volume were primary factors for cell uptake and viability. At all PEG grafting densities, the particles caused significant cell cycle arrest and DNA damage against CaCo2 and PC3 cells without apoptosis. However, at a particular PEG grafting density (∼0.65 chains/nm(2)), none of these severe damages were observed on 3T3 cells indicating discriminating behavior of the healthy (3T3) and cancer (PC3 and CaCo2) cells. It was concluded that the PEG grafting density and hydrodynamic volume, tuned with the PEG concentration and AuNP size, played an important role in particle-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Izmir Institute of Technology , Gulbahce Koyu, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Volga Bulmus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Izmir Institute of Technology , Gulbahce Koyu, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Sacide Alsoy Altinkaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bioengineering, and §Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Izmir Institute of Technology , Gulbahce Koyu, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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38
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Rhouati A, Hayat A, Mishra RK, Bueno D, Shahid SA, Muñoz R, Marty JL. Ligand Assisted Stabilization of Fluorescence Nanoparticles; an Insight on the Fluorescence Characteristics, Dispersion Stability and DNA Loading Efficiency of Nanoparticles. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1407-14. [PMID: 27209005 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the ligand assisted stabilization of Fluospheres® carboxylate modified nanoparticles (FCMNPs), and subsequently investigation on the DNA loading capacity and fluorescence response of the modified particles. The designed fluorescence bioconjugate was characterized with enhanced fluorescence characteristics, good stability and large surface area with high DNA loading efficiency. For comparison purpose, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with three different length strands were used as cross linkers to modify the particles, and their DNA loading capacity and fluorescence characteristics were investigated. By comparing the performance of the particles, we found that the most improved fluorescence characteristics, enhanced DNA loading and high dispersion stability were obtained, when employing PEG of long spacer arm length. The designed fluorescence bioconjugate was observed to maintain all its characteristics under varying pH over an extended period of time. These types of bioconjugates are in great demand for fluorescence imaging and in vivo fluorescence biomedical application, especially when most of the as synthesized fluorescence particles cannot withstand to varying in vivo physiological conditions with decreases in fluorescence response and DNA loading efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Rhouati
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France.,Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France. .,Interdisciplinary Research centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rupesh K Mishra
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France
| | - Diana Bueno
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France.,Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Muñoz
- Bioelectronics Section, Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, Cedex, France
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39
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Cytotoxicity, intracellular localization and exocytosis of citrate capped and PEG functionalized gold nanoparticles in human hepatocyte and kidney cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:305-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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Nguyen DH, Lee JS, Choi JH, Park KM, Lee Y, Park KD. Hierarchical self-assembly of magnetic nanoclusters for theranostics: Tunable size, enhanced magnetic resonance imagability, and controlled and targeted drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:109-17. [PMID: 26884278 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based imaging and therapy are of interest for theranostic nanomedicine. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention in cancer imaging, diagnostics, and treatment because of their superior imagability and biocompatibility (approved by the Food and Drug Administration). Here, we developed SPIO nanoparticles (NPs) that self-assembled into magnetic nanoclusters (SAMNs) in aqueous environments as a theranostic nano-system. To generate multi-functional SPIO NPs, we covalently conjugated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to SPIO NPs using metal-adhesive dopamine groups. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and paclitaxel (PTX) were hosted in the β-CD cavity through high affinity complexation. The core-shell structure of the magnetic nanoclusters was elucidated based on the condensed SPIO core and a PEG shell using electron microscopy and the composition was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results indicate that nanocluster size could be readily controlled by changing the SPIO/PEG ratio in the assemblies. Interestingly, we observed a significant enhancement in magnetic resonance contrast due to the large cluster size and dense iron oxide core. In addition, tethering a tumor-targeting peptide to the SAMNs enhanced their uptake into tumor cells. PTX was efficiently loaded into β-CDs and released in a controlled manner when exposed to competitive guest molecules. These results strongly indicate that the SAMNs developed in this study possess great potential for application in image-guided cancer chemotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we developed multi-functional SPIO NPs that self-assembled into magnetic nanoclusters (SAMNs) in aqueous conditions as a theranostic nano-system. The beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was immobilized on the surfaces of SPIO NPs and RGD-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and paclitaxel (PTX) were hosted in the β-CD cavity through high affinity complexation. We found that nanocluster size could be readily controlled by varying the SPIO/PEG ratio in the assemblies, and also demonstrated significant improvement of the functional nanoparticles for theranostic systems; enhanced magnetic resonance, improved cellular uptake, and efficient PTX loading and sustained release at the desired time point. These results strongly indicate that the SAMNs developed in this study possess great potential for application in image-guided cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hai Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jong Hoon Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Park
- Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Mogoşanu GD, Grumezescu AM, Bejenaru C, Bejenaru LE. Polymeric protective agents for nanoparticles in drug delivery and targeting. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:419-29. [PMID: 26972379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification/functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) using polymeric protective agents is an issue of great importance and actuality for drug delivery and targeting. Improving the blood circulation half-life of surface-protected nanocarriers is closely related to the elimination of main biological barriers and limiting factors (protein absorption and opsonization), due to the phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system. For passive or active targeted delivery, in biomedical area, surface-functionalized NPs with tissue-recognition ligands were designed and optimized as a result of modern research techniques. Also, multi-functionalized nanostructures are characterized by enhanced bioavailability, efficacy, targeted localization, active cellular uptake, and low side effects. Surface-protected NPs are obtained from biocompatible, biodegradable and less toxic natural polymers (dextran, β-cyclodextrin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, heparin, gelatin) or synthetic polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates). PEGylation is one of the most important functionalization methods providing steric stabilization, long circulating and 'stealth' properties for both polymeric and inorganic-based nanosystems. In addition, for their antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor effects, cutting-edge researches in the field of pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology highlighted the importance of noble metal (platinum, gold, silver) NPs decorated with biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxidic Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Vegetal & Animal Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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42
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Salem HF, Ahmed SM, Omar MM. Liposomal flucytosine capped with gold nanoparticle formulations for improved ocular delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:277-95. [PMID: 26834459 PMCID: PMC4716745 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoliposomes have an organized architecture that provides versatile functions. In this study, liposomes were used as an ocular carrier for nanogold capped with flucytosine antifungal drug. Gold nanoparticles were used as a contrasting agent that provides tracking of the drug to the posterior segment of the eye for treating fungal intraocular endophthalmitis. The nanoliposomes were prepared with varying molar ratios of lecithin, cholesterol, Span 60, a positive charge inducer (stearylamine), and a negative charge inducer (dicetyl phosphate). Formulation F6 (phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, Span 60, and stearylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1:1:0.15) demonstrated the highest extent of drug released, which reached 7.043 mg/h. It had a zeta potential value of 42.5±2.12 mV and an average particle size approaching 135.1±12.0 nm. The ocular penetration of the selected nanoliposomes was evaluated in vivo using a computed tomography imaging technique. It was found that F6 had both the highest intraocular penetration depth (10.22±0.11 mm) as measured by the computed tomography and the highest antifungal efficacy when evaluated in vivo using 32 infected rabbits' eyes. The results showed a strong correlation between the average intraocular penetration of the nanoparticles capped with flucytosine and the percentage of the eyes healed. After 4 weeks, all the infected eyes (n=8) were significantly healed (P<0.01) when treated with liposomal formulation F6. Overall, the nanoliposomes encapsulating flucytosine have been proven efficient in treating the infected rabbits' eyes, which proves the efficiency of the nanoliposomes in delivering both the drug and the contrasting agent to the posterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Ahmed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia, Egypt
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43
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Naruse Y. Surface Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles for Antiviral Medicines by Simulating the Surface Structure of Host Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-5129.2015.11.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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44
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Luo W, Westcott N, Dutta D, Pulsipher A, Rogozhnikov D, Chen J, Yousaf MN. A Dual Receptor and Reporter for Multi-Modal Cell Surface Engineering. ACS Chem Biol 2015. [PMID: 26204094 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of new small molecule drugs, nanomaterials, and genetic tools to modulate cellular function through cell surface manipulation has revolutionized the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disorders in human health. Since the cell membrane is a selective gateway barrier that serves as the first line of defense/offense and communication to its environment, new approaches that molecularly engineer or tailor cell membrane surfaces would allow for a new era in therapeutic design, therapeutic delivery, complex coculture tissue construction, and in situ imaging probe tracking technologies. In order to develop the next generation of multimodal therapies, cell behavior studies, and biotechnologies that focus on cell membrane biology, new tools that intersect the fields of chemistry, biology, and engineering are required. Herein, we develop a liposome fusion and delivery strategy to present a novel dual receptor and reporter system at cell surfaces without the use of molecular biology or metabolic biosynthesis. The cell surface receptor is based on bio-orthogonal functional groups that can conjugate a range of ligands while simultaneously reporting the conjugation through the emission of fluorescence. We demonstrate this dual receptor and reporter system by conjugating and tracking various cell surface ligands for temporal control of cell fluorescent signaling, cell-cell interaction, and tissue assembly construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nathan Westcott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Debjit Dutta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dmitry Rogozhnikov
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Jean Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Muhammad N. Yousaf
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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45
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Gold nanoparticles with different charge and moiety induce differential cell response on mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. Biomaterials 2015; 54:226-36. [PMID: 25858865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist in an in vivo microenvironment that provides biological and physiochemical cues to direct cell fate decisions. How the stem cells sense and respond to these cues is still not clearly understood. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used for manipulation of cell behavior due to their ease of synthesis and versatility in surface functionalization. In this study, AuNPs with amine (AuNP-NH2), carboxyl (AuNP-COOH) and hydroxyl (AuNP-OH) functional groups possessing different surface charge were synthesized. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were treated with the surface functionalized AuNPs and assessed for cell viability and osteogenic differentiation ability. The surface functionalized AuNPs were well tolerated by hMSCs and showed no acute toxicity. Positively charged AuNPs showed higher cellular uptake. AuNPs did not inhibit osteogenesis but ALP activity and calcium deposition were markedly reduced in AuNP-COOH treatment. Gene profiling revealed an upregulation of TGF-β and FGF-2 expression that promoted cell proliferation over osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs. These results provide some insight on the influence of surface functionalized AuNPs on hMSCs behavior and the use of these materials for strategic tissue engineering.
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Determination of the surface density of polyethylene glycol on gold nanoparticles by use of microscale thermogravimetric analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2913-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Raliya R, Biswas P. Environmentally benign bio-inspired synthesis of Au nanoparticles, their self-assembly and agglomeration. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of stable gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from gold chloride in soluble protein extracts of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Raliya
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory
- Dept. of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Washington University in St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory
- Dept. of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Washington University in St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
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Badrzadeh F, Rahmati-Yamchi M, Badrzadeh K, Valizadeh A, Zarghami N, Farkhani SM, Akbarzadeh A. Drug delivery and nanodetection in lung cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:618-34. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.975237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ayala-Orozco C, Urban C, Bishnoi S, Urban A, Charron H, Mitchell T, Shea M, Nanda S, Schiff R, Halas N, Joshi A. Sub-100nm gold nanomatryoshkas improve photo-thermal therapy efficacy in large and highly aggressive triple negative breast tumors. J Control Release 2014; 191:90-97. [PMID: 25051221 PMCID: PMC4156921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for efficient near-infrared photothermal transducers for the treatment of highly aggressive cancers and large tumors where the penetration of light can be substantially reduced, and the intra-tumoral nanoparticle transport is restricted due to the presence of hypoxic or necrotic regions. We report the performance advantages obtained by sub 100nm gold nanomatryushkas, comprising concentric gold-silica-gold layers compared to conventional ~150nm silica core gold nanoshells for photothermal therapy of triple negative breast cancer. We demonstrate that a 33% reduction in silica-core-gold-shell nanoparticle size, while retaining near-infrared plasmon resonance, and keeping the nanoparticle surface charge constant, results in a four to five fold tumor accumulation of nanoparticles following equal dose of injected gold for both sizes. The survival time of mice bearing large (>1000mm(3)) and highly aggressive triple negative breast tumors is doubled for the nanomatryushka treatment group under identical photo-thermal therapy conditions. The higher absorption cross-section of a nanomatryoshka results in a higher efficiency of photonic to thermal energy conversion and coupled with 4-5× accumulation within large tumors results in superior therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciceron Ayala-Orozco
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Cordula Urban
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Mail: BCM 360, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Sandra Bishnoi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Alexander Urban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Heather Charron
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Mail: BCM 360, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Tamika Mitchell
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin Shea
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sarmistha Nanda
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Naomi Halas
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Amit Joshi
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Mail: BCM 360, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Pfeiffer C, Rehbock C, Hühn D, Carrillo-Carrion C, de Aberasturi DJ, Merk V, Barcikowski S, Parak WJ. Interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with their local environment: the (ionic) nanoenvironment around nanoparticles is different from bulk and determines the physico-chemical properties of the nanoparticles. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20130931. [PMID: 24759541 PMCID: PMC4032524 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physico-chemical properties of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) are influenced by their local environment, as, in turn, the local environment influences the physico-chemical properties of the NPs. In other words, the local environment around NPs has a profound impact on the NPs, and it is different from bulk due to interaction with the NP surface. So far, this important effect has not been addressed in a comprehensive way in the literature. The vicinity of NPs can be sensitively influenced by local ions and ligands, with effects already occurring at extremely low concentrations. NPs in the Hückel regime are more sensitive to fluctuations in the ionic environment, because of a larger Debye length. The local ion concentration hereby affects the colloidal stability of the NPs, as it is different from bulk owing to Debye Hückel screening caused by the charge of the NPs. This can have subtle effects, now caused by the environment to the performance of the NP, such as for example a buffering effect caused by surface reaction on ultrapure ligand-free nanogold, a size quenching effect in the presence of specific ions and a significant impact on fluorophore-labelled NPs acting as ion sensors. Thus, the aim of this review is to clarify and give an unifying view of the complex interplay between the NP's surface with their nanoenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hühn
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Vivian Merk
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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