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Zhang J, Chen X, Zhu Y, Wan S, Hu S, Yang Y. Investigating the Causal Relationship Between Sleep Behaviors and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:143-153. [PMID: 38374869 PMCID: PMC10876006 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s439274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies of sleep-related behaviors in relation to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) have been noted, the causal relationship remains unclear. The purpose of our present study was to investigate the relationships of genetically predicted sleep traits with POAG using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods Summary-level data collected from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European decent were applied for the bidirectional MR analysis. After quality control steps, independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms for eight sleep behaviors and POAG were selected as the genetic instruments. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach was adopted as the primary method, which was complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results by estimating heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was used to assess the direct effect of sleep traits on POAG, after adjusting for several confounding factors. Results Our investigation revealed a positive correlation between genetically predicted ease of getting up in the morning and sleep duration and POAG using the IVW method (odds ratio (OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.29-2.46, P = 4.33× 10-4; OR = 1.66, 95% CI:1.18-2.34, P = 3.38×10-3, respectively). Other supplementary MR methods also confirmed similar results. Moreover, the MVMR results also revealed that the adverse effects of these two sleep traits on POAG persisted after adjusting for body mass index, smoking, drinking, and education (all P < 0.05). Conversely, the relationships between genetic liability of POAG and different sleep behaviors were not statistically significant in the reverse-direction MR estimate (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that genetic prediction of getting up easily in the morning or sleep duration were associated with a higher risk of POAG, but not vice versa, in a European population. Further validation and clinical interventions are required to offer potential strategies to prevent and manage POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiong Hu
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Tribble JR, Hui F, Quintero H, El Hajji S, Bell K, Di Polo A, Williams PA. Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Mechanisms beyond intraocular pressure lowering. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101193. [PMID: 37331129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common, complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dysfunction and then loss of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness and affects ∼80 million people worldwide with many more undiagnosed. The major risk factors for glaucoma are genetics, age, and elevated intraocular pressure. Current strategies only target intraocular pressure management and do not directly target the neurodegenerative processes occurring at the level of the retinal ganglion cell. Despite strategies to manage intraocular pressure, as many as 40% of glaucoma patients progress to blindness in at least one eye during their lifetime. As such, neuroprotective strategies that target the retinal ganglion cell and these neurodegenerative processes directly are of great therapeutic need. This review will cover the recent advances from basic biology to on-going clinical trials for neuroprotection in glaucoma covering degenerative mechanisms, metabolism, insulin signaling, mTOR, axon transport, apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. With an increased understanding of both the basic and clinical mechanisms of the disease, we are closer than ever to a neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Hui
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sana El Hajji
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Katharina Bell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Eye ACP Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dammak A, Sanchez Naves J, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G. New Biomarker Combination Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1455. [PMID: 37511830 PMCID: PMC10381240 DOI: 10.3390/life13071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease and the second leading cause of blindness. Detection of clinically relevant biomarkers would aid better diagnoses and monitoring during treatment. In glaucoma, the protein composition of aqueous humor (AH) is relevant for the discovery of biomarkers. This study analyzes AH protein concentrations of putative biomarkers in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) compared to a control group. Biomarkers were selected from known oxidative-stress and inflammatory pathways. Osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using the ELISA technique. Thirty-two patients were recruited to the study, including sixteen control and sixteen glaucoma patients. The glaucoma group consisted of patients diagnosed with glaucoma. In both groups, the aqueous humor sample was obtained during cataract surgery. A significant increase in OPN, MMP-9, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 was observed in the POAG aqueous humor, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Of note, the AH of POAG patients contained 5.6 ± 1.2-fold more OPN compared to that of control patients. Different expression profiles of oxidative stress-related and inflammatory biomarkers were observed between patients with POAG and controls. This confirms the reported involvement of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in POAG pathophysiology. In the future, several, targeted AH proteins may be used to generate a potential biomarker expression profile of this disease, aiding diagnoses and disease progression monitoring. This approach highlights the importance of biomarkers in the future. Biomarkers provide a way to measure disease progression and response to treatment. In the future, biomarkers will play a more critical role in the toolkit of ophthalmology healthcare professionals as the field moves towards personalized medicine and precision healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dammak
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sanchez Naves
- Institute of Ophthalmology Palma de Mallorca, 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Optic and Optometry, Department Optometry and Vision, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28032 Madrid, Spain
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Ulhaq ZS, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA. Evaluation of systemic IL-6 trans-signalling in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023:S0181-5512(23)00143-2. [PMID: 37095023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate systemic trans-signalling of interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS Fifty-one POAG patients and 47 matched healthy controls were enrolled. Serum concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6R, and sgp130 were quantified. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, and IL-6/sIL-6R ratios in the POAG group were significantly higher than those in control group, while only the sgp130/sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio was decreased. Among POAG subjects, advanced-stage patients exhibited significantly higher intraocular pressure (IOP), serum IL-6 and sgp130 levels, and IL-6/sIL-6R ratio than those in the early to moderate stage. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the IL-6 level and IL-6/sIL-6R ratio performed better than other parameters in diagnosing POAG and discriminating POAG severity. Serum IL-6 level was moderately correlated with IOP and C/D ratio, while a weak correlation was observed between sIL-6R levels with C/D ratio. IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were correlated with each other in POAG patients but not in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Overstimulation of systemic IL-6 trans-signalling has been implicated in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia; Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - L A Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - S A Pamungkas
- Al-Falah Social Fund Foundation Clinic (YDSF), Malang, Indonesia
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Greco LP, Litrico G, Filippello G, Sarvà I, La Greca G, Latteri S. Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021166. [PMID: 36674680 PMCID: PMC9862076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain-ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Piero Greco
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Litrico
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Filippello
- Complex Operative Unit of Ophtalmology, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sarvà
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Greca
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957263584
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Lambuk L, Suhaimi NAA, Sadikan MZ, Jafri AJA, Ahmad S, Nasir NAA, Uskoković V, Kadir R, Mohamud R. Nanoparticles for the treatment of glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 35778750 PMCID: PMC9250254 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a considerable amount of literature has emerged around the theme of neuroinflammation linked to neurodegeneration. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by visual impairment. Understanding the complex neuroinflammatory processes underlying retinal ganglion cell loss has the potential to improve conventional therapeutic approaches in glaucoma. Due to the presence of multiple barriers that a systemically administered drug has to cross to reach the intraocular space, ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge. Nowadays, studies are focused on improving the current therapies for glaucoma by utilizing nanoparticles as the modes of drug transport across the ocular anatomical and physiological barriers. This review offers some important insights on the therapeutic advancements made in this direction, focusing on the use of nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of glaucoma. The prospect of these novel therapies is discussed in relation to the current therapies to alleviate inflammation in glaucoma, which are being reviewed as well, along with the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the onset and the progression of the disease.
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7
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Saleh VM, Auda IG, Ali EN. The functional polymorphism -863 C/A in the TNF-α gene is associated with primary open-angle glaucoma development in Iraqi patients. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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8
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Rutigliani C, Tribble JR, Hagström A, Lardner E, Jóhannesson G, Stålhammar G, Williams PA. Widespread retina and optic nerve neuroinflammation in enucleated eyes from glaucoma patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:118. [PMID: 35986368 PMCID: PMC9392254 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is recognized as a key component of neurodegenerative disease. In glaucoma, a common neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of irreversible blindness, the evidence for neuroinflammation in patients is lacking. Animal models have demonstrated significant pro-inflammatory activation of resident glia in the retina, as well as influx of blood-derived monocytes and pro-inflammatory factors. Confirmation of this in human donor tissue has been challenging due to a lack of well-preserved and well-characterized post-mortem tissue. To address this we utilize archived, wax embedded eyes fixed immediately following enucleation from living glaucoma patients. We compared glaucoma to control eyes (enucleated for uveal melanoma where the tumor did not impact the central retina or optic nerve). We performed immunolabelling for neurodegenerative and glial markers (CD45, CD163, IBA1, GFAP, Vimentin) which were quantified by high-resolution light microscopy and image analysis in FIJI. Glaucoma eyes demonstrated significant neural loss consistent with advanced neurodegeneration. IBA1 and GFAP were significantly increased in the retina and optic nerve head of the glaucomatous eyes indicating that significant neuroinflammation had occurred which support findings in animal models. Inflammation is a treatable symptom of many diseases and as such, identification of earlier inflammatory processes in glaucoma could be important for potential future treatment options.
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Lambuk L, Ahmad S, Sadikan MZ, Nordin NA, Kadir R, Nasir NAA, Chen X, Boer J, Plebanski M, Mohamud R. Targeting Differential Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors as a Therapeutic Strategy for Glaucoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857812. [PMID: 35651608 PMCID: PMC9149562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an irreversible sight-threatening disorder primarily due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death by apoptosis with subsequent loss of optic nerve fibers. A considerable amount of empirical evidence has shown the significant association between tumor necrosis factor cytokine (TNF; TNFα) and glaucoma; however, the exact role of TNF in glaucoma progression remains unclear. Total inhibition of TNF against its receptors can cause side effects, although this is not the case when using selective inhibitors. In addition, TNF exerts its antithetic roles via stimulation of two receptors, TNF receptor I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor II (TNFR2). The pro-inflammatory responses and proapoptotic signaling pathways predominantly mediated through TNFR1, while neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic signals induced by TNFR2. In this review, we attempt to discuss the involvement of TNF receptors (TNFRs) and their signaling pathway in ocular tissues with focus on RGC and glial cells in glaucoma. This review also outlines the potential application TNFRs agonist and/or antagonists as neuroprotective strategy from a therapeutic standpoint. Taken together, a better understanding of the function of TNFRs may lead to the development of a treatment for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asyikin Nordin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Ramlah Kadir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jennifer Boer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Statins Inhibit the Gliosis of MIO-M1, a Müller Glial Cell Line Induced by TRPV4 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095190. [PMID: 35563594 PMCID: PMC9100994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized Müller cell gliosis induced by the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4 (TRPV4) and assessed whether statins could modulate the gliosis. The human Müller cell line, MIO-M1, was used to analyze the gliosis caused by glaucomatous stimulation. To induce Müller gliosis in MIO-M1 cells, GSK101 was used to activate TRPV4, and Müller gliosis was evaluated by analyzing vimentin, nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The expression level of TNF-α was determined by ELISA. To evaluate the GSK101 activation of the NF-κB pathway, p65 phosphorylation was measured by Western blotting, and the nuclear translocation of p65 and IκBα phosphorylation were assessed by immunostaining. To assess the effect of statins on MIO-M1 gliosis, cells were pretreated for 24 h with statins before GSK101 treatment. Vimentin, nestin, and GFAP expression were upregulated by GSK101, while statins effectively inhibited them. The expression of TNF-α was increased by GSK101. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 and IκBα phosphorylation, which occurs prior to p65 activation, were induced. Statins suppressed the GSK101-mediated phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 translocation. Statins can mitigate gliosis in the human Müller cell line. Because TRPV4 activation in Müller cells reflects glaucoma pathophysiology, statins may have the potential to prevent RGC death.
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Pulukool SK, Srimadh Bhagavatham SK, Kannan V, Parim B, Challa S, Karnatam V, V.M DD, Ahmad Mir I, Sukumar P, Venkateshan V, Sharma A, Sivaramakrishnan V. Elevated ATP, cytokines and potential microglial inflammation distinguish exfoliation glaucoma from exfoliation syndrome. Cytokine 2022; 151:155807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Cela D, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbé A, Baudouin C. Trabéculum glaucomateux : une trabéculopathie inflammatoire ? J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:455-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Treatment of Glaucoma with Natural Products and Their Mechanism of Action: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030534. [PMID: 35276895 PMCID: PMC8840399 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. It is generally caused by increased intraocular pressure, which results in damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, ultimately leading to visual field dysfunction. However, even with the use of intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops, the disease still progresses in some patients. In addition to mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Hence, the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent an alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. The present review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on various natural products shown to possess neuroprotective properties for retinal ganglion cells, which thereby may be effective in the treatment of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can be reduced by baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol and hesperidin. Alternatively, Ginkgo biloba, Lycium barbarum, Diospyros kaki, Tripterygium wilfordii, saffron, curcumin, caffeine, anthocyanin, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins B3 and D have shown neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells via various mechanisms, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Extensive studies are still required in the future to ensure natural products' efficacy and safety to serve as an alternative therapy for glaucoma.
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Alapati T, Sagal KM, Gudiseva HV, Pistilli M, Pyfer M, Chavali VRM, O’Brien JM. Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010054. [PMID: 35052396 PMCID: PMC8774833 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To establish if SNPs in TNF-α and IL-2 genes are associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA). We also determined whether plasma TNF-α and IL-2 levels could serve as biomarkers for POAG in African Americans using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methods: A single SNP association analysis was performed to investigate the association between potential gene variants in TNF-α and IL-2 genes and POAG in the AA population. Plasma samples from 190 African Americans (72 from normal subjects and 118 POAG cases) were obtained for TNF- α studies and 367 samples (135 from normal subjects and 232 from POAG cases) were obtained for IL-2 studies. TNF-α levels and IL-2 levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and analyzed to see if they reached significance in cases with POAG and endophenotypes when compared to normal subjects. Results: The SNP, rs1800630, in TNF-α gene was found to be marginally associated with POAG. SNPs in IL-2 gene were not associated with POAG in the case-control analysis. No significant difference was found between TNF-α levels and IL-2 levels in normal and POAG case subjects in our study. IL-2 levels were inversely correlated with high IOP in POAG cases. Conclusions: Although we found a marginal SNP association of TNF-α, assessing the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-2 may serve as promising biomarkers for African American POAG. Further investigation is needed to determine if POAG can be subdivided into more specified cohorts of the disease, which may affect plasma cytokine levels differently.
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Burgos-Blasco B, Vidal-Villegas B, Saenz-Frances F, Fernandez-Vigo JI, Andres-Guerrero V, Espino L, Garcia-Feijoo J, Martinez-de-la-Casa JM. Cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor of primary open-angle patients as a prognostic factor for trabeculectomy outcome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2994-3004. [PMID: 34812085 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211055965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cytokine profile in tear and aqueous humor in primary open-angle glaucoma before trabeculectomy and correlate preoperative cytokine levels with the surgical outcome. METHODS Prospective study. Twenty-nine patients with primary open-angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy were included. Levels of 27 cytokines were measured in tear an aqueous humor using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Immunoassay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). RESULTS 29 patients who underwent trabeculectomy were included and their first-year follow-up visits were recorded. Mean age was 76.0 ± 7.0 years (range 56-84), mean intraocular pressure was 18.2 ± 3.6 mmHg and mean number of topical medications was 2.3 ± 0.9. At the one-year visit, 5 patients were classified as surgical failure. In aqueous humor, preoperative cytokine levels of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were significantly higher in those patients with surgical failure at one year. IL-8 in tear and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in aqueous humor correlated positively with one-year IOP reduction. No statistically significant correlations were found with changes in visual field mean defect or global peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (all, p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative RANTES levels in aqueous humor as well as other cytokines could serve as useful biomarkers for trabeculectomy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Burgos-Blasco
- Servicio de Oftalmología, 16267Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vidal-Villegas
- Servicio de Oftalmología, 16267Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Saenz-Frances
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I Fernandez-Vigo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, 16267Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Andres-Guerrero
- Servicio de Oftalmología, 16267Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Espino
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Garcia-Feijoo
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Martinez-de-la-Casa
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Protein Biomarkers in Glaucoma: A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225388. [PMID: 34830671 PMCID: PMC8624910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease. Early diagnosis of this disease can support treatment and reduce the effects of pathophysiological processes. A significant problem in the diagnosis of glaucoma is limited access to the tested material. Therefore, intensive research is underway to develop biomarkers for fast, noninvasive, and reliable testing. Biomarkers indicated in the formation of glaucoma include chemical compounds from different chemical groups, such as proteins, sugars, and lipids. This review summarizes our knowledge about protein and/or their protein-like derived biomarkers used for glaucoma diagnosis since 2000. The described possibilities resulting from a biomarker search may contribute to identifying a group of compounds strongly correlated with glaucoma development. Such a find would be of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, as current screening techniques have low sensitivity and are unable to diagnose early primary open-angle glaucoma.
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17
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Ulhaq ZS, Hasan YTN, Rachma LN, Soraya GV. Association between serum interleukin-6 levels with the risk and clinical severity of primary open-angle glaucoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1990758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yuliono Trika Nur Hasan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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18
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Cela D, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbé A, Baudouin C. The trabecular meshwork in glaucoma: An inflammatory trabeculopathy? J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e497-e517. [PMID: 34657760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which the primary risk factor is increased intraocular pressure (IOP), attributed to increased resistance to trabecular outflow of aqueous humor (AH). This resistance is believed to result from trabecular degeneration secondary to chronic oxidative stress and cellular senescence but may also involve inflammatory mechanisms whose roles are little known. In fact, inflammatory processes play a major role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma to varying degrees, affecting all structures of the eye, including the ocular surface, the anterior and posterior segments, and even the visual pathways of the brain. These processes are thought to result from dysfunction of a regulatory, protective para-inflammation, becoming chronic and harmful in glaucoma. While the mechanisms of the retinal inflammation which accelerates the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as well as the inflammation of the ocular surface aggravated by long-term use of preserved glaucoma eye drops have been described for several years, very little is known about the pathophysiology of trabecular inflammation in glaucoma. The objective of this literature review is to provide a synthesis of knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of inflammation in both the healthy and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork, as well as its role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Therefore, after a review of the mechanisms of cellular senescence and oxidative stress - sources of trabecular inflammation, we will approach the study of the expression and roles of the main inflammatory mediators within the trabecular meshwork. Finally, we will discuss current knowledge on the toxicity of glaucoma eye drops and their preservatives on the ocular surface and trabecular meshwork as well as their role in trabecular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cela
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - F Brignole-Baudouin
- Inserm, CNRS, institut de la vision, Sorbonne université, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Service de biologie médicale, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Labbé
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm, CNRS, institut de la vision, Sorbonne université, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France; Inserm, CNRS, institut de la vision, Sorbonne université, 17, rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, AP-HP, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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19
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Dammak A, Huete-Toral F, Carpena-Torres C, Martin-Gil A, Pastrana C, Carracedo G. From Oxidative Stress to Inflammation in the Posterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1376. [PMID: 34575451 PMCID: PMC8467715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most irreversible blindness observed with glaucoma and retina-related ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, have their origin in the posterior segment of the eye, making their physiopathology both complex and interconnected. In addition to the age factor, these diseases share the same mechanism disorder based essentially on oxidative stress. In this context, the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly by mitochondria and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation share a close pathophysiological process, appearing simultaneously and suggesting a relationship between both mechanisms. The biochemical end point of these two biological alarming systems is the release of different biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis. Furthermore, oxidative stress, initiating in the vulnerable tissue of the posterior segment, is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and inflammation, which are involved in each disease progression. In this review, we have analyzed (1) the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the back of the eye, (2) the importance of biomarkers, detected in systemic or ocular fluids, for the diagnosis of eye diseases based on recent studies, and (3) the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, based on long-term clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dammak
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Carpena-Torres
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Alba Martin-Gil
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristina Pastrana
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Optometry and Vsiion, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Alobaidan AS, Sultan T, Osman EA, Almobarak FA, Lobo GP, Al-Obeidan SA. Lack of Association Between Polymorphisms in TXNRD2 and LMX1B and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Saudi Cohort. Front Genet 2021; 12:690780. [PMID: 34408771 PMCID: PMC8365832 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.690780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent studies have demonstrated an association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs35934224 in TXNRD2 and rs6478746 near LMX1B genes in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among Europeans. We performed a retrospective, case-control study to investigate the association between the rs35934224 (TXNRD2) and rs6478746 (LMX1B) and POAG in a middle-eastern population from Saudi Arabia. Methods: DNA from 399 participants consisting of 150 POAG cases (83 males and 67 females) and 249 controls (135 males and 114 females) were genotyped using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Statistical tests were performed to evaluate genetic association with POAG and related clinical indices. Results: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs35934224[T] was 0.19 and 0.20 in POAG and controls, respectively. The difference was non-significant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-1.55, p = 0.663). Likewise, rs6478746[G] MAF was 0.12 in both cases and controls with no statistical significance (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.67-1.56, p = 0.910). Genotype analysis showed no association with POAG for both the SNPs in combined and gender-stratified groups. Regression analysis showed no significant effect of risk factors such as age, sex, rs35934224, and rs6478746 genotypes on POAG outcome. Furthermore, both the SNPs showed no significant genotype effect on clinical indices such as intraocular pressure (IOP) and cup/disc ratio in POAG patients. Conclusions: Rs35934224 in TXNRD2 and rs6478746 near LMX1B genes are not associated with POAG or related clinical indices such as IOP and cup/disc ratio in a Saudi cohort. Since the study is limited by sample size further investigations are needed to confirm these results in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A Osman
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Almobarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glenn P Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Saleh A Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Ulhaq ZS, Soraya GV, Hasan YTN, Rachma LN, Rachmawati E, Shodry S, Kusuma MAS. Serum IL-6/IL-10 ratio as a biomarker for the diagnosis and severity assessment of primary-open angle glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2259-2264. [PMID: 34387111 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211037133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of serum cytokine IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio as biomarkers for the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and for determining its progression. METHODS In this study, 20 POAG patients and 21 healthy individuals from the Indonesian population were enrolled. The serum concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified. Comparative analysis was performed in addition to assessment of the diagnostic performance of cytokines using receiver-operating-curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS POAG patients had a higher IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and IL-6/IL-10 ratio (p < 0.0001) than controls. Among the POAG subjects, advanced-stage patients exhibited a higher IL-6/IL-10 ratio than those in the early-moderate stage (p = 0.001; p = 0.006). The ROC curve analysis showed that both IL-6 level and IL-6/IL-10 ratio exhibited an excellent capability of diagnosing POAG (cut-off of 20.5 pg/mL (100% sensitivity and 94% specificity) and 4.4 (88% sensitivity and 94% specificity), respectively). Serum IL-6/IL-10 ratio displayed a better performance than IL-6 in discriminating POAG severity with cut-off of at least 6.6 (sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 90%) and 9.1 (sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 78%) classified according to C/D ratio and MD of VF, respectively. CONCLUSION The balance between IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels is potentially useful in discriminating POAG severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Yuliono Trika Nur Hasan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.,Ophthalmology Clinic, Muhammadiyah Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lailia Nur Rachma
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ermin Rachmawati
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Syifaus Shodry
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A'raaf Sirojan Kusuma
- Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
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22
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Cueto AFV, Álvarez L, García M, Álvarez-Barrios A, Artime E, Cueto LFV, Coca-Prados M, González-Iglesias H. Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:763. [PMID: 34439995 PMCID: PMC8389649 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is an insidious group of eye diseases causing degeneration of the optic nerve, progressive loss of vision, and irreversible blindness. The number of people affected by glaucoma is estimated at 80 million in 2021, with 3.5% prevalence in people aged 40-80. The main biomarker and risk factor for the onset and progression of glaucoma is the elevation of intraocular pressure. However, when glaucoma is diagnosed, the level of retinal ganglion cell death usually amounts to 30-40%; hence, the urgent need for its early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of glaucoma, from proteins to metabolites, may be helpful as indicators of pathogenic processes observed during the disease's onset. The discovery of human glaucoma biomarkers is hampered by major limitations, including whether medications are influencing the expression of molecules in bodily fluids, or whether tests to validate glaucoma biomarker candidates should include human subjects with different types and stages of the disease, as well as patients with other ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the proper selection of the biofluid or tissue, as well as the analytical platform, should be mandatory. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge concerning proteomics- and metabolomics-based glaucoma biomarkers, with specificity to human eye tissue and fluid, as well the analytical approach and the main results obtained. The complex data published to date, which include at least 458 different molecules altered in human glaucoma, merit a new, integrative approach allowing for future diagnostic tests based on the absolute quantification of local and/or systemic biomarkers of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
| | - Miguel Coca-Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.F.-V.C.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (L.Á.); (A.Á.-B.); (E.A.)
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23
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Elevated dimethylarginine, ATP, cytokines, metabolic remodeling involving tryptophan metabolism and potential microglial inflammation characterize primary open angle glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9766. [PMID: 33963197 PMCID: PMC8105335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma of which primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes 75%, is the second leading cause of blindness. Elevated intra ocular pressure and Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) dysfunction are hallmarks of POAG. We analyzed clinical data, cytokine profile, ATP level, metabolomics and GEO datasets to identify features unique to POAG. N9 microglial cells are used to gain mechanistic insights. Our POAG cohort showed elevated ATP in aqueous humor and cytokines in plasma. Metabolomic analysis showed changes in 21 metabolites including Dimethylarginine (DMAG) and activation of tryptophan metabolism in POAG. Analysis of GEO data sets and previously published proteomic data sets bins genes into signaling and metabolic pathways. Pathways from reanalyzed metabolomic data from literature significantly overlapped with those from our POAG data. DMAG modulated purinergic signaling, ATP secretion and cytokine expression were inhibited by N-Ethylmaleimide, NO donors, BAPTA and purinergic receptor inhibitors. ATP induced elevated intracellular calcium level and cytokines expression were inhibited by BAPTA. Metabolomics of cell culture supernatant from ATP treated sets showed metabolic deregulation and activation of tryptophan metabolism. DMAG and ATP induced IDO1/2 and TDO2 were inhibited by N-Ethylmaleimide, sodium nitroprusside and BAPTA. Our data obtained from clinical samples and cell culture studies reveal a strong association of elevated DMAG, ATP, cytokines and activation of tryptophan metabolism with POAG. DMAG mediated ATP signaling, inflammation and metabolic remodeling in microglia might have implications in management of POAG.
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Samelska K, Zaleska-Żmijewska A, Bałan B, Grąbczewski A, Szaflik JP, Kubiak AJ, Skopiński P. Immunological and molecular basics of the primary open angle glaucoma pathomechanism. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:111-117. [PMID: 33897292 PMCID: PMC8056342 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a degenerative process of the optic nerve. Increased intraocular pressure is believed to be the main factor leading to the glaucomatous damage. The in vitro and in vivo animal glaucoma research models provide insight into the molecular changes in the retina in response to the injury factor. The damage is a complex process incorporating molecular and immunological changes. Such changes involve NF kB activity and complement activation. The processes affect the human antigen, JNK, MAPK, p53, MT2 and DBA/2J molecular pathways, activate the autophagy processes and compromise neuroprotective mechanisms. Activation and inhibition of immunological responses contribute to cell injury. The immunological mechanisms of glaucomatous degeneration include glial response, the complement, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) pathways and toll-like receptors athways. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are factors contributing to cell death in glaucoma. The authors present an up-to-date review of the mechanisms involved and update on research focusing on a possible innovative glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Samelska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zaleska-Żmijewska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bałan
- Department of Immunology Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Paweł Szaflik
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Skopiński
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Bahr K, Bopp M, Kewader W, Dootz H, Döge J, Huppertz T, Simon P, Prokosch-Willing V, Matthias C, Gouveris H. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in a monocentric pilot study. Respir Res 2020; 21:258. [PMID: 33032589 PMCID: PMC7545869 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both glaucoma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are widespread diseases. OSA may presumably partly cause or worsen glaucoma, although the etiopathogenesis is unclear. Here we analyze for the first time the possible association between different glaucoma phenotypes and OSA. Methods 110 patients (47 females, 63 males; median age 64.3 years, median BMI 26.62 kg/m2) with suspected glaucoma and without any prior diagnosis of OSA were prospectively studied by one-night home sleep apnea testing (HSAT), 101 of the patients were analyzed. HSAT parameters, like apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index as well as opthalmological parameters like intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean defect depth (MD) were collected. Moreover, HSAT results were compared across four phenotypic groups: primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), low-tension-glaucoma (LTG), ocular hypertension (OH), and controls. Results There was no strong correlation between IOP or MD and AHI. BMI, age and gender did not differ between groups. Significant differences between POAG and LTG were found for all HSAT parameters. The AHI showed the most prominent group difference (Wilcoxon-Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was highly significant with chi2 = 22, df = 3 p < 0.0001) with severely lower event rates in the LTG (9.45/h) compared to POAG (22.7/h) and controls (21.9/h; p < 0.0001 and 0.02, respectively). Highly significant differences were found between the four groups regarding AHI (Chi2 = 22, df = 3, p < 0.0001) with significantly lower events per hour in the LTG compared to POAG (Hodges-Lehmann = − 13.8, 95% CI (− 18.6 – − 8.8; p < 0.0001) and to controls (Hodges-Lehmann = 12.1, 95% CI -19.9 – − 2.4; p < 0.02). Severe and moderate OSA was more prevalent in POAG (69.8%) and OH (33.3%) than in LTG (9%). The effect of the glaucoma phenotype on the AHI was more prominent in females (p = 0.0006) than in males (p = 0.011). Conclusion Although physical endpoints, such as MD and IOP, do not correlate with AHI, there was a strong correlation between the POAG and OH clinical glaucoma phenotypes and the AHI. Further studies should investigate the necessity to test routine screening for OSA by HSAT in patients with diagnosed POAG and OH. Besides, some characteristics of LTG differed widely from other glaucoma types and controls. LTG patients had a significantly lower rate of OSA compared to other glaucoma types and even controls. This might be due to a different pathogenesis of LTG. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at DRKS (nr. S00021201) on April 9th 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bahr
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael Bopp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Waeel Kewader
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henri Dootz
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Döge
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilman Huppertz
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Institute for Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Matthias
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haralampos Gouveris
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Burgos‐Blasco B, Vidal‐Villegas B, Saenz‐Frances F, Morales‐Fernandez L, Perucho‐Gonzalez L, Garcia‐Feijoo J, Martinez‐de‐la‐Casa JM. Tear and aqueous humour cytokine profile in primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e768-e772. [PMID: 32043817 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tear and aqueous humour of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), relative to healthy controls. METHOD Tear and aqueous humour samples were collected from 29 healthy controls and 27 POAG patients. Twenty-seven inflammatory cytokines were analysed: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) basic, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-γ, interferon gamma-induced protein, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, platelet-derived growth factor, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS In tear samples of glaucoma patients, an increase in IL-4, IL-12, IL-15, FGF-basic and VEGF was observed, as well as a decrease in MIP-1a relative to the control group (p < 0.05). IL-5, IL-12, IL-15, IFN-γ and MIP-1a were significantly higher in aqueous humour of glaucoma eyes (p < 0.05). A poor correlation between cytokine levels in tear and aqueous humour was observed. CONCLUSION The different profiles of inflammatory marker expression of patients with POAG and healthy controls confirm the inflammatory activity of the pathology, indicating that some of them could be used as potential biomarkers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Burgos‐Blasco
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Vidal‐Villegas
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
| | - Federico Saenz‐Frances
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Morales‐Fernandez
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
| | - Lucia Perucho‐Gonzalez
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
| | - Julian Garcia‐Feijoo
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
| | - Jose M Martinez‐de‐la‐Casa
- Servicio de Oftalmología Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) Madrid Spain
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27
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Hu X, Xu MX, Zhou H, Cheng S, Li F, Miao Y, Wang Z. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha aggravates gliosis and inflammation of activated retinal Müller cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:383-389. [PMID: 32800547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a major inflammatory factor released from activated retinal glial cells, is implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In this study, we investigated whether and how TNF-α may affect functional conditions of activated retinal Müller cells. Our results showed that in the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR I) agonist DHPG-activated cultured Müller cells, TNF-α treatment aggravated cell gliosis, as evidenced by significantly increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). TNF-α treatment of the DHPG-activated Müller cells decreased cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. In normal Müller cells, TNF-α treatment increased the mRNA levels of leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and chemokine C-C-motif ligand 2 (CCL2), which could be significantly attenuated when Müller cells were pre-activated. However, TNF-α-induced elevation in mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in normal Müller cells still kept higher levels when Müller cells were pre-activated. Furthermore, the TNF-α-induced changes of cytokines were partially mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results suggest that TNF-α may promote gliosis and inflammatory response of activated Müller cells, thus aggravating RGC injury in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng-Xi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanying Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang H, Deng Y, Wan L, Huang L. A comprehensive map of disease networks and molecular drug discoveries for glaucoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9719. [PMID: 32546683 PMCID: PMC7298047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The molecular etiology of glaucoma is complex and unclear. At present, there are few drugs available for glaucoma treatment. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic analysis of glaucoma candidate drugs/chemicals based on glaucoma genes, including genetic factors and differentially expressed (DE) genes. In total, 401 genes from the genetic databases and 1656 genes from the DE gene analysis were included in further analyses. In terms of glaucoma-related genetic factors, 54 pathways were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05), and 96 pathways for DE genes were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05). A search of the PheWAS database for diseases associated with glaucoma-related genes returned 1,289 diseases, and a search for diseases associated with DE glaucoma-related genes returned 1,356 diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ophthalmic diseases were highly related to glaucoma genes. A search of the DGIdb, KEGG, and CLUE databases revealed a set of drugs/chemicals targeting glaucoma genes. A subsequent analysis of the electronic medical records (EMRs) of 136,128 patients treated in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital for candidate drug usage and the onset of glaucoma revealed nine candidate drugs. Among these drugs, individuals treated with nicardipine had the lowest incidence of glaucoma. Taken together with the information from the drug databases, the 40 most likely candidate drugs for glaucoma treatment were highlighted. Based on these findings, we concluded that the molecular mechanism of glaucoma is complex and may be a reflection of systemic diseases. A set of ready-to-use candidate drugs targeting glaucoma genes may be developed for glaucoma clinical drug treatments. Our results provide a systematic interpretation of glaucoma genes, interactions with other systemic diseases, and candidate drugs/chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Center of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhui Deng
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Center of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and the Center of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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29
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Inducible rodent models of glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100799. [PMID: 31557521 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. In order to further understand the molecular pathobiology of this disease and to develop better therapies, clinically relevant animal models are necessary. In recent years, both the rat and mouse have become popular models in glaucoma research. Key reasons are: many important biological similarities shared among rodent eyes and the human eye; development of improved methods to induce glaucoma and to evaluate glaucomatous damage; availability of genetic tools in the mouse; as well as the relatively low cost of rodent studies. Commonly studied rat and mouse glaucoma models include intraocular pressure (IOP)-dependent and pressure-independent models. The pressure-dependent models address the most important risk factor of elevated IOP, whereas the pressure-independent models assess "normal tension" glaucoma and other "non-IOP" related factors associated with glaucomatous damage. The current article provides descriptions of these models, their characterizations, specific techniques to induce glaucoma, mechanisms of injury, advantages, and limitations.
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Paschalis EI, Taniguchi EV, Chodosh J, Pasquale LR, Colby K, Dohlman CH, Shen LQ. Blood Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Its Type 2 Receptor Are Elevated in Patients with Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:599-606. [PMID: 30632412 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1568500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) patients are prone to glaucoma even with well-controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent experimental data have shown that soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after ocular injury may contribute to progressive retinal damage and subsequent glaucoma. This study evaluates the blood plasma levels of soluble TNF-α, TNF receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2), and leptin in patients with Boston type I KPro. Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from KPro patients with glaucoma (KPro G, n = 19), KPro patients without glaucoma (KPro NoG, n = 12), primary angle closure glaucoma without KPro (PACG, n = 13), and narrow angles without glaucoma or KPro (NA, n = 21). TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, and leptin levels were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was assessed using the Westergren test. Patients with underlying autoimmune conditions or diabetes were excluded from the study. Results: All groups had similar age, body mass index (BMI), IOP, and ESR (p ≥ 0.11). The mean time from KPro surgery to blood draw was 5.3 ± 3.7 years. Compared to NA patients (0.72 ± 0.3 pg/ml), KPro G and KPro NoG patients had higher blood plasma levels of TNF-α (1.18 ± 0.58 pg/ml, p = 0.006; 1.16 ± 0.50 pg/ml, p = 0.04, respectively). Similarly, KPro G patients had higher blood plasma levels of TNFR2 (2768 ± 1368 pg/ml) than NA patients (2020 ± 435 pg/ml, p = 0.048). In multivariate analysis, KPro status remained positively associated with TNF-α levels (β = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.14-0.58; p = 0.002) and TNFR2 levels (β = 458.3; 95% CI: 32.8-883.7; p = 0.035) after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, glaucoma status, and ESR. TNFR1 and leptin levels were not significantly different in the study groups. Conclusions: We detected elevated serum levels of TNF-α and TNFR2 in KPro patients. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish TNF-α and TNFR2 as serum biomarkers related to KPro surgery. Abbreviations: BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; BMI: body mass index; CDR: cup-to-disc ratio; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HVF: Humphrey visual field; IOP: intraocular pressure; KPro G: keratoprosthesis with glaucoma; KPro NoG: keratoprosthesis without glaucoma; KPro: keratoprosthesis; MD: mean deviation; NA: narrow angle; non-KPro: without keratoprosthesis; PACG: primary angle closure glaucoma; RNFL: retinal nerve fiber layer; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR2: tumor necrosis factor receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios I Paschalis
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Disruptive Technology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology , Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Elise V Taniguchi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,d Department of Ophthalmology , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - James Chodosh
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,c Disruptive Technology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology , Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Kathryn Colby
- f Department of Ophthalmology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Claes H Dohlman
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA.,b Boston Keratoprosthesis Laboratory , Massachusetts Eye and Ear - Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lucy Q Shen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear , Boston , MA , USA
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