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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wierzchowski J. Chemo-Enzymatic Generation of Highly Fluorescent Nucleoside Analogs Using Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase. Biomolecules 2024; 14:701. [PMID: 38927104 PMCID: PMC11201700 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemo-enzymatic syntheses of strongly fluorescent nucleoside analogs, potentially applicable in analytical biochemistry and cell biology are reviewed. The syntheses and properties of fluorescent ribofuranosides of several purine, 8-azapurine, and etheno-purine derivatives, obtained using various types of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) as catalysts, as well as α-ribose-1-phosphate (r1P) as a second substrate, are described. In several instances, the ribosylation sites are different to the canonical purine N9. Some of the obtained ribosides show fluorescence yields close to 100%. Possible applications of the new analogs include assays of PNP, nucleoside hydrolases, and other enzyme activities both in vitro and within living cells using fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Wierzchowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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2
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Chen Y, Li Y, Gao J, Yu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Perspectives and challenges in developing small molecules targeting purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116437. [PMID: 38701712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
As a cytosolic enzyme involved in the purine salvage pathway metabolism, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions but also in immune system, including cell growth, apoptosis and cancer development and progression. Based on its T-cell targeting profile, PNP is a potential target for the treatment of some malignant T-cell proliferative cancers including lymphoma and leukemia, and some specific immunological diseases. Numerous small-molecule PNP inhibitors have been developed so far. However, only Peldesine, Forodesine and Ulodesine have entered clinical trials and exhibited some potential for the treatment of T-cell leukemia and gout. The most recent direction in PNP inhibitor development has been focused on PNP small-molecule inhibitors with better potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic property. In this perspective, considering the structure, biological functions, and disease relevance of PNP, we highlight the recent research progress in PNP small-molecule inhibitor development and discuss prospective strategies for designing additional PNP therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Mishra VK, Khanna A, Tiwari G, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent developments on the synthesis of biologically active glycohybrids. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107172. [PMID: 38340475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of hybridization emerges as a potent tool in advancing drug discovery research, with a significant emphasis on carbohydrate-containing hybrid scaffolds. Evidence indicates that linking carbohydrate molecules to privileged bioactive scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of drug molecules. This synergy results in a diverse range of activities, making carbohydrate scaffolds pivotal for synthesizing compound libraries with significant functional and structural diversity. Beyond their synthesis utility, these scaffolds offer applications in screening bioactive molecules, presenting alternative avenues for drug development. This comprehensive review spanning 2015 to 2023 focuses on synthesized glycohybrid molecules, revealing their bioactivity in areas such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory activities, enzyme inhibition and pesticides. Numerous novel glycohybrids surpass positive control drugs in biological activity. This focused study not only highlights the diverse bioactivities of glycohybrids but also underscores their promising role in innovative drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005; Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi.
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4
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Skácel J, Djukic S, Baszczyňski O, Kalčic F, Bílek T, Chalupský K, Kozák J, Dvořáková A, Tloušt'ová E, Král'ová Z, Šmídková M, Voldřich J, Rumlová M, Pachl P, Brynda J, Vučková T, Fábry M, Snášel J, Pichová I, Řezáčová P, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Janeba Z. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Crystallographic Study of Novel Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6652-6681. [PMID: 37134237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is a well-known molecular target with potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of T-cell malignancies and/or bacterial/parasitic infections. Here, we report the design, development of synthetic methodology, and biological evaluation of a series of 30 novel PNP inhibitors based on acyclic nucleoside phosphonates bearing a 9-deazahypoxanthine nucleobase. The strongest inhibitors exhibited IC50 values as low as 19 nM (human PNP) and 4 nM (Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) PNP) and highly selective cytotoxicity toward various T-lymphoblastic cell lines with CC50 values as low as 9 nM. No cytotoxic effect was observed on other cancer cell lines (HeLa S3, HL60, HepG2) or primary PBMCs for up to 10 μM. We report the first example of the PNP inhibitor exhibiting over 60-fold selectivity for the pathogenic enzyme (MtPNP) over hPNP. The results are supported by a crystallographic study of eight enzyme-inhibitor complexes and by ADMET profiling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skácel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Djukic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Baszczyňski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kalčic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Tadeáš Bílek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kozák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Král'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šmídková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Voldřich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Rumlová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vučková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Science, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Snášel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
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Weiss J, Reneau J, Wilcox RA. PTCL, NOS: An update on classification, risk-stratification, and treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1101441. [PMID: 36845711 PMCID: PMC9947853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are relatively rare, heterogeneous, and therapeutically challenging. While significant therapeutic gains and improved understanding of disease pathogenesis have been realized for selected PTCL subtypes, the most common PTCL in North America remains "not otherwise specified (NOS)" and is an unmet need. However, improved understanding of the genetic landscape and ontogeny for the PTCL subtypes currently classified as PTCL, NOS have been realized, and have significant therapeutic implications, which will be reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John Reneau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ryan A. Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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6
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Zeng X, Wang YP, Man CH. Metabolism in Hematopoiesis and Its Malignancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:45-64. [PMID: 38228958 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can self-renew and generate all blood cells of different lineages. The system is under tight control in order to maintain a precise equilibrium of the HSC pool and the effective production of mature blood cells to support various biological activities. Cell metabolism can regulate different molecular activities, such as epigenetic modification and cell cycle regulation, and subsequently affects the function and maintenance of HSC. Upon malignant transformation, oncogenic drivers in malignant hematopoietic cells can remodel the metabolic pathways for supporting the oncogenic growth. The dysregulation of metabolism results in oncogene addiction, implying the development of malignancy-specific metabolism-targeted therapy. In this chapter, we will discuss the significance of different metabolic pathways in hematopoiesis, specifically, the distinctive metabolic dependency in hematopoietic malignancies and potential metabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zeng
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheuk-Him Man
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Du J, Jin S, Zhang M, Fu X, Yang J, Zhang L, Chen Z, Huang Z, Li W, Hou J, Wang T. Precise diagnosis and targeted therapy of nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (T-FHCL). Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163190. [PMID: 37188182 PMCID: PMC10175683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (T-FHCL) derived from T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell falls into a heterogeneous category of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Due to the limited number of therapeutic regimens and limited first-line efficacy, T-FHCL has a poor prognosis, and there is an urgent need for effective targeted therapies. With advancements in sequencing technologies, especially single-cell sequencing and next-generation sequencing, more specific genetic aberrations characteristic of T-FHCL can be discovered, allowing for precise molecular diagnosis and specific research on novel agents. Many biomarker-targeting agents, used either alone or in combination, have been tested, and they have generally enhanced the therapeutic outcomes of T-FHCL. Histone deacetylase inhibitors achieve significant clinical benefits in the treatment of T-FHCL, especially in combination therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T-cell) immunotherapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other potential agents merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikai Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehang Fu
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Jian Hou, ; Weisong Li,
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Jian Hou, ; Weisong Li,
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Jian Hou, ; Weisong Li,
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8
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Yegutkin GG, Boison D. ATP and Adenosine Metabolism in Cancer: Exploitation for Therapeutic Gain. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:797-822. [PMID: 35738682 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an evolutionary ancient metabolic regulator linking energy state to physiologic processes, including immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Tumors create an adenosine-rich immunosuppressive microenvironment through the increased release of ATP from dying and stressed cells and its ectoenzymatic conversion into adenosine. Therefore, the adenosine pathway becomes an important therapeutic target to improve the effectiveness of immune therapies. Prior research has focused largely on the two major ectonucleotidases, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1/cluster of differentiation (CD)39 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, which catalyze the breakdown of extracellular ATP into adenosine, and on the subsequent activation of different subtypes of adenosine receptors with mixed findings of antitumor and protumor effects. New findings, needed for more effective therapeutic approaches, require consideration of redundant pathways controlling intratumoral adenosine levels, including the alternative NAD-inactivating pathway through the CD38-ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (ENPP)1-CD73 axis, the counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathway, and cellular adenosine uptake and its phosphorylation by adenosine kinase. This review provides a holistic view of extracellular and intracellular adenosine metabolism as an integrated complex network and summarizes recent data on the underlying mechanisms through which adenosine and its precursors ATP and ADP control cancer immunosurveillance, tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer-associated thrombosis, blood flow, and tumor perfusion. Special attention is given to differences and commonalities in the purinome of different cancers, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, subcellular compartmentalization of the adenosine system, and novel roles of purine-converting enzymes as targets for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The discovery of the role of adenosine as immune checkpoint regulator in cancer has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular adenosine metabolism and signaling in multiple clinical trials and preclinical models. Here we identify major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled to improve the therapeutic gain from agents targeting key components of the adenosine metabolic network and, on this basis, provide a holistic view of the cancer purinome as a complex and integrated network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.); and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.)
| | - Detlev Boison
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.); and Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (D.B.)
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9
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Iino M, Sato T, Nakadate A, Onuki T, Takayama N. Forodesine maintenance therapy for newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a single-institutional, observational, retrospective analysis. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2351-2352. [PMID: 35751680 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Iino
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Sato
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Ayato Nakadate
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoya Onuki
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8506, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takayama
- Department of Hematology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Zhang Y, Geng H, Zhang J, He K. An update mini-review on the progress of azanucleoside analogues. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:469-476. [PMID: 35753803 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of structurally novel nucleoside analogues is an active area in medicinal chemistry, since these drugs have proven clinical efficacy for decades. Azanucleosides are nucleoside analogues in which the sugar moieties are composed of nitrogen-containing rings or chains. In recent years, many azanucleosides have demonstrated therapeutic potential. In this short review, we describe recent advancements in azanucleosides, which may translate in a better understanding of the molecular design, biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and their related mechanism of action. The information summarized in this paper should encourage medicinal chemists in their future efforts to create more potent and effective chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Geng
- College of Science, Xichang University
| | | | - Kehan He
- College of Science, Xichang University
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11
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Abstract
Nucleos(t)ide chemistry has been the subject of intense research, mainly because of the promising antiviral and antitumoral activity associated with this compound class. Numerous analogs have been synthesized over the past decades, yielding a number of derivatives that have reached the status of marketed drugs. Herein, an overview of the nucleos(t)ide analogs that have received marketing approval is given. The review is divided into several sections, including antiviral and antitumoral nucleoside analogs as well as nucleoside analogs that have received marketing approval in other therapeutic areas. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Oiwa K, Hosono N, Nishi R, Scotto L, O'Connor OA, Yamauchi T. Characterization of newly established Pralatrexate-resistant cell lines and the mechanisms of resistance. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:879. [PMID: 34332580 PMCID: PMC8325835 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pralatrexate (PDX) is a novel antifolate approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma, but some patients exhibit intrinsic resistance or develop acquired resistance. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to PDX and explored potential therapeutic strategies to overcome PDX resistance. Methods To investigate PDX resistance, we established two PDX-resistant T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (CEM and MOLT4) through continuous exposure to increasing doses of PDX. The resistance mechanisms were evaluated by measuring PDX uptake, apoptosis induction and folate metabolism-related protein expression. We also applied gene expression analysis and methylation profiling to identify the mechanisms of resistance. We then explored rational drug combinations using a spheroid (3D)-culture assay. Results Compared with their parental cells, PDX-resistant cells exhibited a 30-fold increase in half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Induction of apoptosis by PDX was significantly decreased in both PDX-resistant cell lines. Intracellular uptake of [14C]-PDX decreased in PDX-resistant CEM cells but not in PDX-resistant MOLT4 cells. There was no significant change in expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). Gene expression array analysis revealed that DNA-methyltransferase 3β (DNMT3B) expression was significantly elevated in both cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that adipogenesis and mTORC1 signaling pathways were commonly upregulated in both resistant cell lines. Moreover, CpG island hypermethylation was observed in both PDX resistant cells lines. In the 3D-culture assay, decitabine (DAC) plus PDX showed synergistic effects in PDX-resistant cell lines compared with parental lines. Conclusions The resistance mechanisms of PDX were associated with reduced cellular uptake of PDX and/or overexpression of DNMT3B. Epigenetic alterations were also considered to play a role in the resistance mechanism. The combination of DAC and PDX exhibited synergistic activity, and thus, this approach might improve the clinical efficacy of PDX. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08607-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Oiwa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Hosono
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Rie Nishi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Luigi Scotto
- The Center of Lymphoid Malignancy, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- The Center of Lymphoid Malignancy, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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Sekiguchi Y, Wakabayashi M, Takizawa H, Iizuka H, Sakajiri S, Sugimoto K, Inano T, Fukuda Y, Hamano Y, Tomita S, Izumi H, Okubo M, Nakamura N, Sawada T, Komatsu N, Noguchi M. Relapsed refractory nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with follicular helper T-cell phenotype was initially resistant to pralatrexate and confirmed to be unresponsive to subsequent forodesine, but responded to re-instituted pralatrexate. J Clin Exp Hematop 2021; 60:26-28. [PMID: 32224563 PMCID: PMC7187677 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.18031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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14
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, Hou Q, Liu X, Pricl S, Peng L, Xia Y. Novel aryltriazole acyclic C-azanucleosides as anticancer candidates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9689-9699. [PMID: 33232421 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues represent an important class of drug candidates. With the aim of searching for novel bioactive nucleosides, we developed an efficient synthetic way to construct a series of aryl 1,2,3-triazole acyclic C-azanucleosides via Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The aryl 1,2,3-triazole motifs within these azanucleosides showed coplanar features, suggesting they could act as surrogates for large planar aromatic systems or nucleobases. Moreover, several aryltriazole acyclic C-azanucleosides bearing long alkyl chains exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines via induction of apoptosis. Most interestingly, the lead compound significantly down-regulated the key proteins involved in the heat shock response pathway, representing the first anticancer acyclic azanucleoside with such a mode of action. These novel aryl 1,2,3-triazole cyclic C-azanucleosides therefore serve as promising paradigms for further exploring anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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15
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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wierzchowski J. Non-typical nucleoside analogs as fluorescent and fluorogenic indicators of purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:119-128. [PMID: 33190694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Stachelska-Wierzchowska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 4 Oczapowskiego St., PL-10-710, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - J Wierzchowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 4 Oczapowskiego St., PL-10-710, Olsztyn, Poland.
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16
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Li S, Jaszczyk J, Pannecoucke X, Poisson T, Martin OR, Nicolas C. Stereospecific Synthesis of Glycoside Mimics Through Migita‐Kosugi‐Stille Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Chemically and Configurationally Stable 1‐
C
‐Tributylstannyl Iminosugars. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Li
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR 7311 Université d'Orléans et CNRS Rue de Chartres, BP 6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Justyna Jaszczyk
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR 7311 Université d'Orléans et CNRS Rue de Chartres, BP 6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038 Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038 Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS 1 rue Tesnière 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex France
- Institut Universitaire de France 1 rue Descartes 75231 Paris France
| | - Olivier R. Martin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR 7311 Université d'Orléans et CNRS Rue de Chartres, BP 6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Cyril Nicolas
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique UMR 7311 Université d'Orléans et CNRS Rue de Chartres, BP 6759 45067 Orléans cedex 2 France
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17
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Kallam A, Armitage JO. Contemporary strategies to improve outcomes for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients following the failure of first-line therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:745-753. [PMID: 32478625 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1770590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group, with varying incidences, geographic patterns, and risk factors. Although until recently approached in a manner similar to B cell lymphomas, the treatment outcomes are poor and this disease is characterized by high relapse rates. The treatment advances in PTCL have been slow compared to B cell lymphomas. The outcomes of patients who progress following stem cell transplantation are worse. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the novel targeted agents that are approved and/or are under investigation for patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL. We conducted an electronic literature search of the studies using PubMed, clincaltrials.gov, MEDLINE, using the key words 'PTCL,' 'second line therapy,' and 'targeted agents.' Studies published before January 2020 were included in the search criteria. EXPERT OPINION Development of newer therapies such as HDAC inhibitors and kinases are promising new agents with activity in relapsed/refractory PTCL. Combination therapy using novel agents may be the future for treatment of PTCL. Therapies in the next few years may take a more personalized approach taking into consideration not just the histology, but also the epigenomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James O Armitage
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE, USA
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18
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Guinan M, Benckendorff C, Smith M, Miller GJ. Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Nucleoside Analogues. Molecules 2020; 25:E2050. [PMID: 32354007 PMCID: PMC7248840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have proven to be highly successful chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Several such compounds, including gemcitabine and cytarabine, are the go-to option in first-line treatments. However, these materials do have limitations and the development of next generation compounds remains a topic of significant interest and necessity. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of nucleoside analogues as potential anticancer agents. Focus is paid to 4'-heteroatom substitution of the furanose oxygen, 2'-, 3'-, 4'- and 5'-position ring modifications and the development of new prodrug strategies for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Guinan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (M.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Caecilie Benckendorff
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (M.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Mark Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, Stanford ChEM-H, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (M.G.); (C.B.)
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19
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Claudia CD, María-Elena VH, Josué VE, María-Carmen BC, Alain-Raimundo RO, Martha-Estrella GP. Small molecules under development for psoriasis: on the road to the individualized therapies. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 312:611-627. [PMID: 32172339 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an incurable cutaneous illness characterized by the presence of well-delimited reddish plaques and silvery-white dry scales. So far, there is a limited understanding of its pathogenesis, though recent discoveries on the immunological, genetic and molecular aspects of this disease have significantly contributed to the identification of new targets and the development of novel drugs. Despite these advances, many patients are still dissatisfied, so to improve patient satisfaction, reliability, and clinical outcomes, the individualization of the treatments for this disease becomes a necessity. This review summarizes recent findings related to psoriasis pathogenesis and describes new small molecules and targets recently identified as promising for treatments. Additionally, the current status, challenges and the future directions for achieving individualized therapy for this disease and the need for more collaborative studies are discussed. The individualization of treatments for psoriasis, rather than a goal, is analyzed as a process where a dynamic integration between the needs and characteristics of the patients, the pharmacological progress, and the clinical decisions takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cervantes-Durán Claudia
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Campus Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Valentín-Escalera Josué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edif B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, Francisco J. Mújica, s/n, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - García-Pérez Martha-Estrella
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edif B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, Francisco J. Mújica, s/n, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Abstract
In this Review, Rashkovan et al. discuss the role of cancer metabolic circuitries feeding anabolism and redox potential in leukemia development and recent progress in translating these important findings to the clinic. Leukemia cell proliferation requires up-regulation and rewiring of metabolic pathways to feed anabolic cell growth. Oncogenic drivers directly and indirectly regulate metabolic pathways, and aberrant metabolism is central not only for leukemia proliferation and survival, but also mediates oncogene addiction with significant implications for the development of targeted therapies. This review explores leukemia metabolic circuitries feeding anabolism, redox potential, and energy required for tumor propagation with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Rashkovan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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21
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Sergeeva O, Kepe V, Zhang Y, Miller-Atkins GA, Keynon JD, Iyer R, Sexton S, Awadallah A, Xin W, Saunthararajah Y, Chan ER, Lee Z. [ 18F] Clofarabine for PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111748. [PMID: 31703407 PMCID: PMC6896045 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) relies heavily on radiological imaging. However, information pertaining to liver cancer treatment such as the proliferation status is lacking. Imaging tumor proliferation can be valuable in patient management. This study investigated 18F-labeled clofarabine ([18F]CFA) targeting deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) for PET imaging of dCK-dependent proliferation in HCC. Since clinical PET scans showed a high liver background uptake of [18F]CFA, the aim of this study was to reduce this liver background uptake. A clinically relevant animal model of spontaneously developed HCC in the woodchucks was used for imaging experiments. Several modifiers were tested and compared with the baseline PET scan: Forodesine, probenecid, and cold clofarabine, all applied before the hot [18F]CFA injection to evaluate the reduction in liver background uptake. Application of forodesine before hot [18F]CFA injection did not reduce the background uptake. Instead, it increased the background by 11.6–36.3%. Application of probenecid also increased the liver background uptake by 16.6–32.1%. Cold CFA application did reduce the liver background uptake of [18F]CFA, comparing to the baseline scan. Combining cold CFA with [18F]CFA for PET imaging of liver cancers is a promising strategy, worthy of further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sergeeva
- Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (O.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Vladimir Kepe
- Nuclear Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (O.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | | | | | - Renuka Iyer
- Medical Oncology, Rowell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Medical Oncology, Rowell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.A.); (W.X.)
| | - Wei Xin
- Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.A.); (W.X.)
| | | | - E. Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (G.A.M.-A.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Zhenghong Lee
- Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (O.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-844-7920
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a relatively rare, heterogeneous group of mature T-cell neoplasms generally associated with poor prognosis, partly because of refractoriness against conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. To improve the outcome of patients with PTCL, the clinical development of several novel agents is currently under investigation. AREAS COVERED Since the first approval of pralatrexate (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor) by the US Food and Drug Administration, belinostat, romidepsin (histone deacetylase inhibitors), and brentuximab vedotin (anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate) have been approved in the US, and many other countries. In addition, mogamulizumab (anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 antibody), chidamide (histone deacetylase inhibitor), and forodesine (purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor) have been approved in Asian countries, including China, and Japan. In this review, we have summarized the available data regarding these approved agents and new agents currently under development for PTCL. EXPERT OPINION Novel agents will be a promising therapeutic option in selected patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL and will change the daily clinical practice in the treatment of PTCL. However, these are not a curative option when used as a single agent. Further clinical developments are expected, comprising 1) combination therapies of new agents with cytotoxic chemotherapies; 2) 'novel-novel' combinations; 3) immune therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; and 4) predictive marker analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ito
- a Department of Hematology , National Cancer Center Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shinichi Makita
- a Department of Hematology , National Cancer Center Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- a Department of Hematology , National Cancer Center Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
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Abstract
Transition state theory teaches that chemically stable mimics of enzymatic transition states will bind tightly to their cognate enzymes. Kinetic isotope effects combined with computational quantum chemistry provides enzymatic transition state information with sufficient fidelity to design transition state analogues. Examples are selected from various stages of drug development to demonstrate the application of transition state theory, inhibitor design, physicochemical characterization of transition state analogues, and their progress in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vern L. Schramm
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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Aučynaitė A, Rutkienė R, Tauraitė D, Meškys R, Urbonavičius J. Identification of a 2'- O-Methyluridine Nucleoside Hydrolase Using the Metagenomic Libraries. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112904. [PMID: 30405065 PMCID: PMC6278475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribose methylation is among the most ubiquitous modifications found in RNA. 2'-O-methyluridine is found in rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and tRNA of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. Moreover, 2'-O-methylribonucleosides are promising starting materials for the production of nucleic acid-based drugs. Despite the countless possibilities of practical use for the metabolic enzymes associated with methylated nucleosides, there are very few reports regarding the metabolic fate and enzymes involved in the metabolism of 2'-O-alkyl nucleosides. The presented work focuses on the cellular degradation of 2'-O-methyluridine. A novel enzyme was found using a screening strategy that employs Escherichia coli uracil auxotroph and the metagenomic libraries. A 2'-O-methyluridine hydrolase (RK9NH) has been identified together with an aldolase (RK9DPA)-forming a part of a probable gene cluster that is involved in the degradation of 2'-O-methylated nucleosides. The RK9NH is functional in E. coli uracil auxotroph and in vitro. The RK9NH nucleoside hydrolase could be engineered to enzymatically produce 2'-O-methylated nucleosides that are of great demand as raw materials for production of nucleic acid-based drugs. Moreover, RK9NH nucleoside hydrolase converts 5-fluorouridine, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluoro-2'-O-methyluridine into 5-fluorouracil, which suggests it could be employed in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agota Aučynaitė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rasa Rutkienė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Daiva Tauraitė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jaunius Urbonavičius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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