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Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Dettin M, Zamuner A, Teresa Conconi M, Barozzi M, Giri P, Sundararajan R, Sieni E. Electroporation enhances cell death in 3D scaffold-based MDA-MB-231 cells treated with metformin. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108734. [PMID: 38762949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and hence, is therapeutically challenging. Towards this, we studied an alternate therapy by repurposing metformin (FDA-approved type-2 diabetic drug with anticancer properties) in a 3D-scaffold culture, with electrical pulses. 3D cell culture was used to simulate the tumor microenvironment more closely and MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells, treated with both 5 mM metformin (Met) and 8 electrical pulses at 2500 V/cm, 10 µs (EP1) and 800 V/cm, 100 µs (EP2) at 1 Hz were studied in 3D and 2D. They were characterized using cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glucose uptake, and lactate production assays at 24 h. Cell viability, as low as 20 % was obtained with EP1 + 5 mM Met. They exhibited 1.65-fold lower cell viability than 2D with EP1 + 5 mM Met. ROS levels indicated a 2-fold increase in oxidative stress for EP1 + 5 mM Met, while the glucose uptake was limited to only 9 %. No significant change in the lactate production indicated glycolytic arrest and a non-conducive environment for MDA-MB-231 growth. Our results indicate that 3D cell culture, with a more realistic tumor environment that enhances cell death using metformin and electrical pulses could be a promising approach for TNBC therapeutic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G Camarillo
- Deptartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Barozzi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Pragatheiswar Giri
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy.
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Naselli F, Cardinale PS, Volpes S, Martino C, Cruciata I, Valenti R, Luparello C, Caradonna F, Chiarelli R. An alternative approach of TUNEL assay to specifically characterize DNA fragmentation in cell model systems. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02306-9. [PMID: 38940846 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most important effects induced by chemical agents. We report a comparative analysis of DNA fragmentation on three different cell lines using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, generally applied to detect apoptosis. Our approach combines cytogenetic techniques and investigation in detached cellular structures, recovered from the culture medium with the aim to compare the DNA fragmentation of three different cell line even beyond the cells adherent to substrate. Consequently, we detect any fragmentation points on single chromosomes, whole nuclei and other cellular structures. Cells were exposed to resveratrol (RSV) and doxorubicin (Doxo), in single and combined treatments. Control and treated astrocytes showed DNA damage in condensed nuclei and detached structures. Caco-2 cells showed fragmented DNA only after Doxo-treatment, while controls showed fragmented chromosomes, indicating DNA damage in replicating cells. MDA-MB-231 cells showed nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation above all after RSV-treatment and related to detached structures. This model proved to perform a grading of genomic instability (GI). Astrocytes show a hybrid level of GI. Caco-2 cells showed fragmented metaphase chromosomes, proving that the DNA damage was transmitted to the daughter cells probably due to an absence of DNA repair mechanisms. Instead, MDA-MB-231 cells showed few or no fragmented metaphase, suggesting a probable activation of DNA repair mechanisms. By applying this alternative approach of TUNEL test, we obtained data that can more specifically characterize DNA fragmentation for a suitable application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Sofia Cardinale
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Volpes
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Valenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Liu W, Yu Y, Hou T, Wei H, Lv F, Shen A, Liu Y, Wang J, Fu D. N-desmethyldauricine from Menispermum dauricum DC suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth in 2D and 3D models by downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111113. [PMID: 38908813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, for which targeted therapy regimens are lacking. The traditional Chinese medicine Menispermum dauricum DC (M. dauricum) and its compounds have been reported to have antitumor activity against various cancers; however, their anti-TNBC activity is unknown. In this work, dauricine and N-desmethyldauricine from M. dauricum were separated and identified to have anti-TNBC via a multi-component bioactivity and structure-guided method. The cell counting kit 8 assay showed that dauricine and N-desmethyldauricine inhibited the proliferation of four tested TNBC cell lines, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 5.01 μM to 13.16 μM. Further research suggested that N-desmethyldauricine induced cell apoptosis, arrested cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell migration. Western blot analysis revealed that the proapoptotic protein cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 was upregulated, and the G0/G1 phase-related proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin D1 and the migration-related protein matrix metallopeptidase 9 were downregulated. Furthermore, N-desmethyldauricine decreased the protein expression of p65, an important subunit of nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB). Moreover, an antiproliferation assay of three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids showed that N-desmethyldauricine diminished cell‒cell adhesion and suppressed the growth of TNBC 3D spheroids. Taken together, these findings indicate that N-desmethyldauricine inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells and decreased the expression of p65 in the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 220000, China
| | - Hongli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fangbin Lv
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 220000, China
| | - Aijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 220000, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 220000, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 220000, China.
| | - Dongmei Fu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Suurmond CAE, Leeuwenburgh SCG, van den Beucken JJJP. Modelling bone metastasis in spheroids to study cancer progression and screen cisplatin efficacy. Cell Prolif 2024:e13693. [PMID: 38899562 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Most bone metastases are caused by primary breast or prostate cancer cells settling in the bone microenvironment, affecting normal bone physiology and function and reducing 5-year survival rates to 10% and 6%, respectively. To expedite clinical availability of novel and effective bone metastases treatments, reliable and predictive in vitro models are urgently required to screen for novel therapies as current in vitro 2D planar mono-culture models do not accurately predict the clinical efficacy. We herein engineered a novel human in vitro 3D co-culture model based on spheroids to study dynamic cellular quantities of (breast or prostate) cancer cells and human bone marrow stromal cells and screen chemotherapeutic efficacy and specificity of the common anticancer drug cisplatin. Bone metastatic spheroids (BMSs) were formed rapidly within 24 h, while the morphology of breast versus prostate cancer BMS differed in terms of size and circularity upon prolonged culture periods. Prestaining cell types prior to BMS formation enabled confocal imaging and quantitative image analysis of in-spheroid cellular dynamics for up to 7 days of BMS culture. We found that cancer cells in BMS proliferated faster and were less susceptible to cisplatin treatment compared to 2D control cultures. Based on these findings and the versatility of our methodology, BMS represent a feasible 3D in vitro model for screening of new bone cancer metastases therapies.
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Bloise N, Giannaccari M, Guagliano G, Peluso E, Restivo E, Strada S, Volpini C, Petrini P, Visai L. Growing Role of 3D In Vitro Cell Cultures in the Study of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms: Short Focus on Breast Cancer, Endometriosis, Liver and Infectious Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:1054. [PMID: 38920683 PMCID: PMC11201503 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the development of three-dimensional (3D) models has increased exponentially, facilitating the unravelling of fundamental and essential cellular mechanisms by which cells communicate with each other, assemble into tissues and organs and respond to biochemical and biophysical stimuli under both physiological and pathological conditions. This section presents a concise overview of the most recent updates on the significant contribution of different types of 3D cell cultures including spheroids, organoids and organ-on-chip and bio-printed tissues in advancing our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The case studies presented include the 3D cultures of breast cancer (BC), endometriosis, the liver microenvironment and infections. In BC, the establishment of 3D culture models has permitted the visualization of the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the delivery of exosomes, as well as the significance of the physical properties of the extracellular matrix in promoting cell proliferation and invasion. This approach has also become a valuable tool in gaining insight into general and specific mechanisms of drug resistance. Given the considerable heterogeneity of endometriosis, 3D models offer a more accurate representation of the in vivo microenvironment, thereby facilitating the identification and translation of novel targeted therapeutic strategies. The advantages provided by 3D models of the hepatic environment, in conjunction with the high throughput characterizing various platforms, have enabled the elucidation of complex molecular mechanisms underlying various threatening hepatic diseases. A limited number of 3D models for gut and skin infections have been developed. However, a more profound comprehension of the spatial and temporal interactions between microbes, the host and their environment may facilitate the advancement of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo disease models. Additionally, it may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in diverse research fields. The interested reader will also find concluding remarks on the challenges and prospects of using 3D cell cultures for discovering cellular and molecular mechanisms in the research areas covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bloise
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
- UOR6 Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Occupational Medicine and Specialty Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Operative Unit (OU) of University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Giannaccari
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Emanuela Peluso
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Elisa Restivo
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Silvia Strada
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
- UOR6 Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Occupational Medicine and Specialty Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Volpini
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
- UOR6 Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Occupational Medicine and Specialty Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.)
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Operative Unit (OU) of Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), Unità di Ricerca (UdR) INSTM, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.G.); (E.P.); (E.R.); (S.S.); (C.V.)
- UOR6 Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Occupational Medicine and Specialty Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Operative Unit (OU) of University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Wan X, Jin X, Wu X, Dong D, Yang H, Tan R, Sun Y, Liu X, Sun K, Wu W, Chen C. Ginsenoside Rd reduces cell proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by p53-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32483. [PMID: 38933967 PMCID: PMC11201117 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rd is a tetracyclic triterpenoid derivative, widely existing in Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and other traditional Chinese medicines. Many studies have proved that ginsenoside Rd have a variety of significant biological activities on certain types of cancer. However, the mechanism of ginsenoside Rd remains unclear in lung cancer. The findings of this study reveal that GS-Rd inhibits the proliferation of NSCLC cells, induces apoptosis, and suppresses migration and invasion. The results showed Ginsenoside Rd inhibited the cell proliferation (∼99.52 %) by S phase arrest in cell cycle and promoted the apoptosis (∼54.85 %) of NSCLC cells. It also inhibited the migration and invasion of cells (p < 0.001). The expression levels of related mitochondrial apoptosis proteins (Bax/Bcl-2/Cytochrome C) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2/-9) were significantly changed. The results showed that ginsenoside Rd inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells by activating p53/bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and the expression of key enzymes for cell apoptosis caspase-3/cleaved-caspase-3 were significantly increased. This research contributes to a better understanding of the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of GS-Rd, paving the way for its potential development and clinical application in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Wan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xinmin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- The Public Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Renbo Tan
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xinze Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Kaijing Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Tedeschi G, Palomba F, Scipioni L, Digman MA. Multimodal Phasor Approach to study breast cancer cells invasion in 3D spheroid model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598307. [PMID: 38915530 PMCID: PMC11195137 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
We implemented a multimodal set of functional imaging techniques optimized for deep-tissue imaging to investigate how cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and how their physiological properties change in the process. As a model for cancer invasion of the extracellular matrix, we created 3D spheroids from triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). We analyzed multiple hallmarks of cancer within the same spheroid by combining a number of imaging techniques, such as metabolic imaging of NADH by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (NADH-FLIM), hyperspectral imaging of a solvatochromic lipophilic dye (Nile Red) and extracellular matrix imaging by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). We included phasor-based bioimage analysis of spheroids at three different time points, tracking both morphological and biological properties, including cellular metabolism, fatty acids storage, and collagen organization. Employing this multimodal deep-imaging framework, we observed and quantified cancer cell plasticity in response to changes in the environment composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tedeschi
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Francesco Palomba
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Lorenzo Scipioni
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 (USA)
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Ding K, Li H, Xu Q, Zhao Y, Wang K, Liu T. Real-time label-free three-dimensional invasion assay for anti-metastatic drug screening using impedance sensing. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1387949. [PMID: 38919253 PMCID: PMC11196599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1387949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis presents a formidable challenge in cancer treatment, necessitating effective tools for anti-cancer drug development. Conventional 2D cell culture methods, while considered the "gold standard" for invasive studies, exhibit limitations in representing cancer hallmarks and phenotypes. This study proposes an innovative approach that combines the advantages of 3D tumor spheroid culture with impedance-based biosensing technologies to establish a high-throughput 3D cell invasion assay for anti-metastasis drug screening through multicellular tumor spheroids. In addition, the xCELLigence device is employed to monitor the time-dependent kinetics of cell behavior, including attachment and invasion out of the 3D matrix. Moreover, an iron chelator (deferoxamine) is employed to monitor the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in 3D spheroids across different tumor cell types. The above results indicate that our integrated 3D cell invasion assay with impedance-based sensing could be a promising tool for enhancing the quality of the drug development pipeline by providing a robust platform for predicting the efficacy and safety of anti-metastatic drugs before advancing into preclinical or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Alwahsh M, Al-Doridee A, Jasim S, Awwad O, Hergenröder R, Hamadneh L. Cytotoxic and molecular differences of anticancer agents on 2D and 3D cell culture. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:721. [PMID: 38829450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and multidrug resistance are regarded as concerns related to poor health outcomes. It was found that the monolayer of 2D cancer cell cultures lacks many important features compared to Multicellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS) or 3D cell cultures which instead have the ability to mimic more closely the in vivo tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to produce 3D cell cultures from different cancer cell lines and to examine the cytotoxic activity of anticancer medications on both 2D and 3D systems, as well as to detect alterations in the expression of certain genes levels. METHOD 3D cell culture was produced using 3D microtissue molds. The cytotoxic activities of colchicine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel were tested on 2D and 3D cell culture systems obtained from different cell lines (A549, H1299, MCF-7, and DU-145). IC50 values were determined by MTT assay. In addition, gene expression levels of PIK3CA, AKT1, and PTEN were evaluated by qPCR. RESULTS Similar cytotoxic activities were observed on both 3D and 2D cell cultures, however, higher concentrations of anticancer medications were needed for the 3D system. For instance, paclitaxel showed an IC50 of 6.234 µM and of 13.87 µM on 2D and 3D H1299 cell cultures, respectively. Gene expression of PIK3CA in H1299 cells also showed a higher fold change in 3D cell culture compared to 2D system upon treatment with doxorubicin. CONCLUSION When compared to 2D cell cultures, the behavior of cells in the 3D system showed to be more resistant to anticancer treatments. Due to their shape, growth pattern, hypoxic core features, interaction between cells, biomarkers synthesis, and resistance to treatment penetration, the MCTS have the advantage of better simulating the in vivo tumor conditions. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that 3D cell cultures may be a more promising model than the traditional 2D system, offering a better understanding of the in vivo molecular changes in response to different potential treatments and multidrug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan.
| | - Amani Al-Doridee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan
| | - Suhair Jasim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 17138, Jordan
| | - Oriana Awwad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Roland Hergenröder
- Department of Bioanalytics, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lama Hamadneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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10
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Zhou Y, Yang Z, Zeng H. An Aging-Related lncRNA Signature Establishing for Breast Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy Responsiveness Prediction. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:251-270. [PMID: 38803444 PMCID: PMC11129764 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s450960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emerging evidence demonstrates the vital role of aging and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer (BC) progression. Our study intended to develop a prognostic risk model based on aging-related lncRNAs (AG-lncs) to foresee BC patients' outcomes. Patients and Methods 307 aging-related genes (AGs) were sequenced from the TCGA project. Then, 697 AG-lncs were identified by the co-expression analysis with AGs. Using multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis, and LASSO, 6 AG-lncs, including al136531.1, mapt-as1, al451085.2, otud6b-as1, tnfrsf14-as1, and linc01871, were validated to compute the risk score and establish a risk signature. Expression levels of al136531.1, mapt-as1, al451085.2, tnfrsf14-as1, and linc01871 were higher in low-risk BC patients, whereas otud6b-as1 expression was higher in high-risk BC patients. In the training and testing set, high-risk patients performed shorter PFI, OS, and DFS than low-risk patients. Results Our risk signature had the highest concordance index among other established prognostic signatures and displayed ideal predictive ability for 1-, 3- and 5-year patient OS in the nomogram. Additionally, BC patients with different risk score levels showed different immune statuses and responses to immunotherapy via GSEA, ssGSEA, ESTIMATE algorithm, and TIDE algorithm analysis. Of note, the qRT-PCR analysis validated that these 6 AG-lncs expressed quite differentially in BC tissues at various clinical stages. Conclusion The risk signature of 6 AG-lncs might offer a novel prognostic biomarker and promisingly enhance BC immunotherapy's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshijing Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Sharma MP, Shukla S, Misra G. Recent advances in breast cancer cell line research. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1683-1693. [PMID: 38230499 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a formidable global health challenge, needs continuous translational research to understand the complexity of mechanisms and improve therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Breast cancer cell lines are of paramount importance as they significantly contribute to the initial stage of research to understand cancer biology. This review provides insights into targeted therapies and immunotherapies that have emerged using in vitro models and microbiome analysis. It focuses on therapeutic development using cell lines and the limitations of tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment. We explore the evolving landscape of breast cancer cell lines from two-dimensional (2-D) cultures to patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models advancing both fundamental and translational research. Patient-derived xenografts, cell line-derived xenografts (CDX), three-dimensional (3-D) cultures, organoids, and circulating tumor cells (CTC) models provide promising alternatives that capture the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment. This review bridges the gap between traditional cell lines and newer developments exploring the therapeutic and diagnostic advancements and needs for cell lines to expedite the progress in breast cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manika P Sharma
- Molecular Diagnostics and COVID-19 Kit Testing Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), Noida, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Supriya Shukla
- Molecular Diagnostics and COVID-19 Kit Testing Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), Noida, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Gauri Misra
- Molecular Diagnostics and COVID-19 Kit Testing Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), Noida, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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12
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Bittman-Soto XS, Thomas ES, Ganshert ME, Mendez-Santacruz LL, Harrell JC. The Transformative Role of 3D Culture Models in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1859. [PMID: 38791938 PMCID: PMC11119918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cell culturing techniques have allowed the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models sourced directly from patients' tissues and tumors, faithfully replicating the native tissue environment. These models provide a more clinically relevant platform for studying disease progression and treatment responses compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and patient-derived xenograft organoids (PDXOs) emerge as innovative 3D cancer models capable of accurately mimicking the tumor's unique features, enhancing our understanding of tumor complexities, and predicting clinical outcomes. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant clinical challenges due to its aggressive nature, propensity for early metastasis, and limited treatment options. TNBC PDOs and PDXOs have significantly contributed to the comprehension of TNBC, providing novel insights into its underlying mechanism and identifying potential therapeutic targets. This review explores the transformative role of various 3D cancer models in elucidating TNBC pathogenesis and guiding novel therapeutic strategies. It also provides an overview of diverse 3D cell culture models, derived from cell lines and tumors, highlighting their advantages and culturing challenges. Finally, it delves into live-cell imaging techniques, endpoint assays, and alternative cell culture media and methodologies, such as scaffold-free and scaffold-based systems, essential for advancing 3D cancer model research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier S. Bittman-Soto
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (E.S.T.)
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00921, USA
| | - Evelyn S. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (E.S.T.)
| | | | | | - J. Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (E.S.T.)
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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13
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Koyuncu I, Temiz E, Güler EM, Durgun M, Yuksekdag O, Giovannuzzi S, Supuran CT. Effective Anticancer Potential of a New Sulfonamide as a Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitor Against Aggressive Tumors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300680. [PMID: 38323458 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study examines efficiency of a newly synthesized sulfonamide derivative 2-bromo-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)propanamide (MMH-1) on the inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is overexpressed in many solid tumors including breast cancer. The inhibitory potential of MMH-1 compound against its four major isoforms, including cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, as well as tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms hCA IX and XII, was evaluated. To this context, the cytotoxic effect of MMH-1 on cancer and normal cells was tested and found to selectively affect MDA-MB-231 cells. MMH-1 reduced cell proliferation by holding cells in the G0/G1 phase (72 %) and slowed the cells' wound healing capacity. MMH-1 inhibited CA IX under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions and altered the morphology of triple negative breast cancer cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibition of CA IX was accompanied by a decrease in extracellular pH acidity (7.2), disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity (80 %), an increase in reactive oxygen levels (25 %), and the triggering of apoptosis (40 %). In addition, the caspase cascade (CASP-3, -8, -9) was activated in MDA-MB-231 cells, triggering both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The expression of pro-apoptotic regulatory proteins (Bad, Bax, Bid, Bim, Cyt-c, Fas, FasL, TNF-a, TNF-R1, HTRA, SMAC, Casp-3, -8, P21, P27, and P53) was increased, while the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, apoptosis inhibitor proteins (IAPs), and heat shock proteins (HSPs) (Bcl-2, Bcl-w, cIAP-2, HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, Survivin, Livin, and XIAP) was decreased. These results propose that the MMH-1 compound could triggers apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via the pH/MMP/ROS pathway through the inhibition of CA IX. This compound is thought to have high potential and promising anticancer properties in the treatment of aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Tel
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Program of Medical Promotion and Marketing, Health Services Vocational School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Güler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Hamidiye Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Tel
| | - Ozgür Yuksekdag
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Tel
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy Tel
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy Tel
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Contreras-Martínez OI, Angulo-Ortíz A, Santafé Patiño G, Rocha FV, Zanotti K, Fortaleza DB, Teixeira T, Sierra Martinez J. Cytotoxic Potential of the Monoterpene Isoespintanol against Human Tumor Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4614. [PMID: 38731832 PMCID: PMC11083712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that encompasses multiple and different malignant conditions and is among the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, the search for new pharmacotherapeutic options and potential candidates that can be used as treatments or adjuvants to control this disease is urgent. Natural products, especially those obtained from plants, have played an important role as a source of specialized metabolites with recognized pharmacological properties against cancer, therefore, they are an excellent alternative to be used. The objective of this research was to evaluate the action of the monoterpene isoespintanol (ISO) against the human tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, DU145, A2780, A2780-cis and the non-tumor line MRC-5. Experiments with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorescence with propidium iodide (PI), 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dilactate (DAPI) and green plasma revealed the cytotoxicity of ISO against these cells; furthermore, morphological and chromogenic studies revealed the action of ISO on cell morphology and the inhibitory capacity on reproductive viability to form colonies in MDA-MB-231 cells. Likewise, 3D experiments validated the damage in these cells caused by this monoterpene. These results serve as a basis for progress in studies of the mechanisms of action of these compounds and the development of derivatives or synthetic analogues with a better antitumor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Angulo-Ortíz
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia;
| | - Gilmar Santafé Patiño
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia;
| | - Fillipe Vieira Rocha
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (F.V.R.); (K.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Karine Zanotti
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (F.V.R.); (K.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Dario Batista Fortaleza
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (F.V.R.); (K.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Tamara Teixeira
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (F.V.R.); (K.Z.); (T.T.)
| | - Jesus Sierra Martinez
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
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15
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Gratio V, Dayot S, Benadda S, Nicole P, Saveanu L, Voisin T, Couvineau A. Imaging flow cytometry of tumoroids: A new method for studying GPCR expression. Cytometry A 2024; 105:276-287. [PMID: 38017661 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence confocal microscopy is commonly used to analyze the regulation membrane proteins expression such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). With this approach, the internal movement of GPCRs within the cell can be observed with a high degree of resolution. However, these microscopy techniques led to complex and time-consuming analysis and did not allow a large population of events to be sampled. A recent approach termed imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, had two main advantages to study the regulation of GPCRs expression such as orexins receptors (OXRs): the ability (1) to analyze large numbers of cells and; (2) to visualize cell integrity and fluorescent markers localization. Here, we compare these two technologies using the orexin A (OxA) ligand coupled to rhodamine (OxA-rho) to investigate anti-tumoral OX1R expression in human digestive cancers. IFC has been adapted for cancer epithelial adherent cells and also to 3D cell culture tumoroids which partially mimic tumoral structures. In the absence of specific antibody, expression of OX1R is examined in the presence of OxA-rho. 2D-culture of colon cancer cells HT-29 exhibits a maximum level of OX1R internalization induced by OxA with 19% ± 3% colocalizing to early endosomes. In 3D-culture of HT-29 cells, internalization of OX1R/OxA-rho reached its maximum at 60 min, with 30.7% ± 6.4% of OX1R colocalizing with early endosomes. This is the first application of IFC to the analysis of the expression of a native GPCR, OX1R, in both 2D and 3D cultures of adherent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Flow Cytometry Platform (CytoCRI), DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - S Dayot
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - S Benadda
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Photonic Imaging Platform (IMA'CRI), DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - P Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - L Saveanu
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells to T cells (APreT)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - T Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - A Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, Team "From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases (INDiD)", DHU UNITY, Paris, France
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16
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Minne M, Terrie L, Wüst R, Hasevoets S, Vanden Kerchove K, Nimako K, Lambrichts I, Thorrez L, Declercq H. Generating human skeletal myoblast spheroids for vascular myogenic tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025035. [PMID: 38437715 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2fd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Engineered myogenic microtissues derived from human skeletal myoblasts offer unique opportunities for varying skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications, such asin vitrodrug-testing and disease modelling. However, more complex models require the incorporation of vascular structures, which remains to be challenging. In this study, myogenic spheroids were generated using a high-throughput, non-adhesive micropatterned surface. Since monoculture spheroids containing human skeletal myoblasts were unable to remain their integrity, co-culture spheroids combining human skeletal myoblasts and human adipose-derived stem cells were created. When using the optimal ratio, uniform and viable spheroids with enhanced myogenic properties were achieved. Applying a pre-vascularization strategy, through addition of endothelial cells, resulted in the formation of spheroids containing capillary-like networks, lumina and collagen in the extracellular matrix, whilst retaining myogenicity. Moreover, sprouting of endothelial cells from the spheroids when encapsulated in fibrin was allowed. The possibility of spheroids, from different maturation stages, to assemble into a more large construct was proven by doublet fusion experiments. The relevance of using three-dimensional microtissues with tissue-specific microarchitecture and increased complexity, together with the high-throughput generation approach, makes the generated spheroids a suitable tool forin vitrodrug-testing and human disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendy Minne
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Lisanne Terrie
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Wüst
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Steffie Hasevoets
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kato Vanden Kerchove
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Kakra Nimako
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
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17
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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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18
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Mei W, Mei B, Chang J, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu N, Hu M. Role and regulation of FOXO3a: new insights into breast cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1346745. [PMID: 38505423 PMCID: PMC10949727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the world, particularly affecting female cancer patients. Enhancing the therapeutic strategies for breast cancer necessitates identifying molecular drug targets that effectively eliminate tumor cells. One of these prominent targets is the forkhead and O3a class (FOXO3a), a member of the forkhead transcription factor subfamily. FOXO3a plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and drug resistance. It acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, although its specific role in cancer remains unclear. Moreover, FOXO3a shows promise as a potential marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, it is actively influenced by common anti-breast cancer drugs like paclitaxel, simvastatin, and gefitinib. In breast cancer, the regulation of FOXO3a involves intricate networks, encompassing post-translational modification post-translational regulation by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and protein-protein interaction. The specific mechanism of FOXO3a in breast cancer urgently requires further investigation. This review aims to systematically elucidate the role of FOXO3a in breast cancer. Additionally, it reviews the interaction of FOXO3a and its upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules to uncover potential therapeutic drugs and related regulatory factors for breast cancer treatment by regulating FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Department of Neurology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Bingyin Mei
- Department of Neurology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Hamel KM, Frazier TP, Williams C, Duplessis T, Rowan BG, Gimble JM, Sanchez CG. Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Microphysiological Models to Capture Human Diversity in Preclinical Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2728. [PMID: 38473978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer accounts for 15.2% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with a continuing increase in incidence despite efforts to discover new targeted therapies. With an approximate failure rate of 85% for therapies in the early phases of clinical trials, there is a need for more translatable, new preclinical in vitro models that include cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix, and human-derived biomaterials. Specifically, adipose tissue and its resident cell populations have been identified as necessary attributes for current preclinical models. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes are a normal part of the breast tissue composition and not only contribute to normal breast physiology but also play a significant role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Given the recognized pro-tumorigenic role of adipocytes in tumor progression, there remains a need to enhance the complexity of current models and account for the contribution of the components that exist within the adipose stromal environment to breast tumorigenesis. This review article captures the current landscape of preclinical breast cancer models with a focus on breast cancer microphysiological system (MPS) models and their counterpart patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to capture patient diversity as they relate to adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Williams
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | | | - Brian G Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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20
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Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Sundararajan R. Efficacy of metformin and electrical pulses in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:54-73. [PMID: 38464382 PMCID: PMC10918234 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subset of breast cancer, with limited treatment options, due to the lack of three commonly targeted receptors, which merits the need for novel treatments for TNBC. Towards this need, the use of metformin (Met), the most widely used type-2 diabetes drug worldwide, was explored as a repurposed anticancer agent. Cancer being a metabolic disease, the modulation of two crucial metabolites, glucose, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), is studied in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, using Met in the presence of electrical pulses (EP) to enhance the drug efficacy. Methods MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells were treated with Met in the presence of EP, with various concentrations Met of 1 mmol/L, 2.5 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, and 10 mmol/L. EP of 500 V/cm, 800 V/cm, and 1,000 V/cm (with a pulse width of 100 µs at 1 s intervals) were applied to TNBC and the impact of these two treatments was studied. Various assays, including cell viability, microscopic inspection, glucose, ROS, and wound healing assay, were performed to characterize the response of the cells to the combination treatment. Results Combining 1,000 V/cm with 5 mmol/L Met yielded cell viability as low as 42.6% at 24 h. The glucose level was reduced by 5.60-fold and the ROS levels were increased by 9.56-fold compared to the control, leading to apoptotic cell death. Conclusions The results indicate the enhanced anticancer effect of Met in the presence of electric pulses. The cell growth is inhibited by suppressing glucose levels and elevated ROS. This shows a synergistic interplay between electroporation, Met, glucose, and ROS metabolic alterations. The results show promises for combinational therapy in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G. Camarillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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21
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Bentke-Imiolek A, Szlęzak D, Zarzycka M, Wróbel M, Bronowicka-Adamska P. S-Allyl-L-Cysteine Affects Cell Proliferation and Expression of H 2S-Synthetizing Enzymes in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2024; 14:188. [PMID: 38397425 PMCID: PMC10886539 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) is a sulfur compound present in fresh garlic. The reference literature describes its anticancer, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Breast cancer is infamously known as one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies among women worldwide. Its morbidity and mortality make it reasonable to complete and expand knowledge on this cancer's characteristics. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its naturally occurring donors are well-known investigation subjects for diverse therapeutic purposes. This study was conducted to investigate the SAC antiproliferative potential and effect on three enzymes involved in H2S metabolism: 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). We chose the in vitro cellular model of human breast adenocarcinomas: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The expression of enzymes after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h incubation with 2.24 mM, 3.37 mM, and 4.50 mM SAC concentrations was examined. The number of living cells was determined by the MTS assay. Changes in cellular plasma membrane integrity were measured by the LDH test. Expression changes at the protein level were analyzed using Western blot. A significant decrease in viable cells was registered for MCF-7 cells after all incubation times upon 4.50 mM SAC exposure, and after 6 and 24 h only in MDA-MB-231 upon 4.50 mM SAC. In both cell lines, the MPST gene expression significantly increased after the 24 h incubation with 4.50 mM SAC. S-allyl-L-cysteine had opposite effects on changes in CTH and CBS expression in both cell lines. In our research model, we confirmed the antiproliferative potential of SAC and concluded that our studies provided current information about the increase in MPST gene expression mediated by S-allyl-L-cysteine in the adenocarcinoma in vitro cellular model for the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Further investigation of this in vitro model can bring useful information regarding sulfur enzyme metabolism of breast adenocarcinoma and regulating its activity and expression (gene silencing) in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bentke-Imiolek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, 7 Kopernika Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (D.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (P.B.-A.)
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22
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Khazaei MR, Bozorgi M, Khazaei M, Aftabi M, Bozorgi A. Resveratrol Nanoformulation Inhibits Invasive Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Autophagy Induction: An In Vitro Study. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:112-120. [PMID: 38459728 PMCID: PMC10924839 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2024.2016930.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) for resveratrol (RSV) delivery and assess their effectiveness in inducing autophagy in MDA-MB 231 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, Pure and RSV-loaded Cs NPs (RSV. Cs NPs) were prepared via the ionic gelation method, and their physicochemical properties were characterized using standard techniques, and RSV release was measured in vitro. MDA-MB 231 cells were incubated with RSV, Cs NPs, and RSV. Cs NPs and Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated following the MTT test. Cell viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and autophagy was evaluated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS NP formation was confirmed with the analysis of FTIR spectra. Pure and RSV. Cs NPs had 36.7 and 94.07 nm sizes with 18.3 and 27 mV zeta potentials, respectively. Above 60% of RSV entrapped within NPs was released in an initial burst manner followed by a gradual release till 72 hours. Cs and RSV. Cs NPs restrained cell proliferation at lower concentrations. RSV. Cs NPs showed the highest anticancer effect and stimulated autophagy, indicated by increased Beclin-1 ATG5, ATG7, LC3A, and P62 expression. CONCLUSION RSV. Cs NPs show promising effects in inhibiting invasive breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasool Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Aftabi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abhang A, Katari O, Ghadi R, Chaudhari D, Jain S. Exploring the synergistic behavior of paclitaxel and vorinostat upon co-loading in albumin nanoparticles for breast cancer management. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:510-523. [PMID: 37605040 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is challenging to treat accompanied with poor clinical outcomes. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, but possesses limitations due to side effects, high dose, non-specific tissue distribution, and drug resistance. An epigenetic modulator, vorinostat (VOR) is known to enhance PTX efficacy and therefore to resolve the issues of conventional PTX formulations, we designed PTX- and VOR-bound albumin nanoparticles (PTX-VOR-BSA-NPs) using antisolvent precipitation technique where albumin is used as a carrier and a targeting agent. The PTX-VOR-BSA-NPs were of 140 nm size, polydispersity index around 0.18, and about 78% and 68% of entrapment efficiency for PTX and VOR, respectively. A bi-pattern release of both PTX and VOR was observed from PTX-VOR-BSA-NPs with a burst release for 2 h succeeded by sustained release until 24 h. A significantly lower %cell viability was observed in MCF-7 cell lines, while efficient cellular drug uptake was found in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, a greater apoptotic index was found compared to free PTX and VOR because of the synergistic activity of these drugs. The PTX-VOR-BSA-NPs also showcased superior pharmacokinetic profile and noteworthy reduction in the tumor volume compared to Intaxel in 4T1 cell line-induced breast tumor model. Further, the NPs showed similar levels of toxicity biomarkers as that of control. Overall, the developed PTX-VOR-BSA-NPs were found to have less toxicity and more effectiveness compared to the marketed formulation, thus affirming the generation of a potent as well as and safe product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Abhang
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Oly Katari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160062, India.
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24
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Chen W, Wang W, Xie Z, Centurion F, Sun B, Paterson DJ, Tsao SCH, Chu D, Shen Y, Mao G, Gu Z. Size-Dependent Penetration of Nanoparticles in Tumor Spheroids: A Multidimensional and Quantitative Study of Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304693. [PMID: 37822153 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor penetration of nanoparticles is crucial in nanomedicine, but the mechanisms of tumor penetration are poorly understood. This work presents a multidimensional, quantitative approach to investigate the tissue penetration behavior of nanoparticles, with focuses on the particle size effect on penetration pathways, in an MDA-MB-231 tumor spheroid model using a combination of spectrometry, microscopy, and synchrotron beamline techniques. Quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles of different sizes are synthesized and incubated with 2D and 3D MDA-MB-231 cells and spheroids with or without an energy-dependent cell uptake inhibitor. The distribution and penetration pathways of nanoparticles in spheroids are visualized and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, two-photon microscopy, and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy. The results reveal that 15 nm nanoparticles penetrate spheroids mainly through an energy-independent transcellular pathway, while 60 nm nanoparticles penetrate primarily through an energy-dependent transcellular pathway. Meanwhile, 22 nm nanoparticles penetrate through both transcellular and paracellular pathways and they demonstrate the greatest penetration ability in comparison to other two sizes. The multidimensional analytical methodology developed through this work offers a generalizable approach to quantitatively study the tissue penetration of nanoparticles, and the results provide important insights into the designs of nanoparticles with high accumulation at a target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhouzun Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Franco Centurion
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yansong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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25
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Yu F, Chen Y, Yi W, Guan M, Lin N, Zhuo Y, Lin J, Lai F. Lung-specific exosomes for doxorubicin delivery in lung adenocarcinoma therapy. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300296. [PMID: 38403456 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) could be utilized to treat lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), while dose-limiting cardiotoxicity limits its clinical utilization. MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes show lung-specific organotropism features. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes in DOX specific delivery to the lung. MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes were coincubated with to construct for the doxorubicin delivery system (D-EXO). Exosomes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate were incubated with A549 cells or 293T cells, and the engulf and the mean intensity of the fluorescence were detected with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay. Cell viability was detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell migration was determined by scratch test. The protein expression was detected by Western blot assay. A549 cell line-derived xenograft mouse model was constructed to examine the treatment effect of D-EXO. MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes could be specially taken up by A549 cells with diminished cell viability but not engulfed by 293T cells. D-EXO inhibited A549 cell migration, and upregulated the protein expression of caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 expression, while did not show any inhibition on 293T cells. In vivo orthotopic xenotransplantation model indicated that D-EXO inhibited tumor growth characterized by diminished tumor weight and improved survival rate. No significant change in body weight was observed after the D-EXO treatment. In conclusion, D-EXO proposed in this study could be utilized to treat LUAD with lung-specific delivery effects to improve the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Quangang District Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maohao Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanlong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fancai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Azzahra F, Amalia R, Karsono AH, Tjandrawinata RR, Ismaya WT, Rachmawati H. The mannose-binding protein from Agaricus bisporus inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 spheroids. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14365. [PMID: 37749066 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A mannose-binding protein from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Abmb) inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells, which is of an aggressive breast cancer subtype. This ability was observed in a monolayer cell (2D) culture setup, which often is unable to capture changes in cell morphology, polarity and division. That shortcoming may overestimate Abmb potency for its development as a pharmaceutical agent and its use in a therapy. Hence, Abmb's inhibition to the cell growth was performed in the 3D cell (spheroid) culture, which is more representative to the situation in vivo. The result showed that, although the presence of Abmb at ~14.7 μM already disrupted the MDA-MB-231 cell morphology in the 2D culture, its presence at ~16.5 μM only ceased the growth of the MDA-MB-231 spheroid. Further, Abmb is unique because structurally it belongs to the R-type lectin (RTL) family; most of mannose-binding protein is of the C-type lectin (CTL). As the natural ligand of Abmb is unknown thus the mechanism of action is unclear, Abmb effect on the cancer cells was assessed via observation of the altered expression of genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which is one of the canonical pathways in the proliferation of cancer cells. The results suggested that Abmb did not alter the pathway upon exerting its anti-proliferative activity to the MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Azzahra
- Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Agung Heru Karsono
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Wangsa Tirta Ismaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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27
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Dinakar YH, Rajana N, Kumari NU, Jain V, Mehra NK. Recent Advances of Multifunctional PLGA Nanocarriers in the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:258. [PMID: 38097825 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though chemotherapy stands as a standard option in the therapy of TNBC, problems associated with it such as anemia, bone marrow suppression, immune suppression, toxic effects on healthy cells, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) can compromise their effects. Nanoparticles gained paramount importance in overcoming the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Among the various options, nanotechnology has appeared as a promising path in preclinical and clinical studies for early diagnosis of primary tumors and metastases and destroying tumor cells. PLGA has been extensively studied amongst various materials used for the preparation of nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery and adjuvant therapy because of their capability of higher encapsulation, easy surface functionalization, increased stability, protection of drugs from degradation versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Furthermore, this review also provides an overview of PLGA-based nanoparticles including hybrid nanoparticles such as the inorganic PLGA nanoparticles, lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles, cell membrane-coated PLGA nanoparticles, hydrogels, exosomes, and nanofibers. The effects of all these systems in various in vitro and in vivo models of TNBC were explained thus pointing PLGA-based NPs as a strategy for the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirivinti Hayagreeva Dinakar
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Nalla Usha Kumari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India.
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Giotopoulou N, Shi W, Parniewska MM, Sun W, Fuxe J. TGFß1 Stimulates Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Produce IL7 and IL15, Which Act as Chemotactic Factors for Breast Cancer Cells with Mesenchymal Properties. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:25. [PMID: 38055067 PMCID: PMC10700205 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a major gateway for tumor cell dissemination but the mechanisms of how tumor cells gain access to lymphatic vessels are not completely understood. Breast cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gain invasive and migratory properties. Overexpression of the cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a potent inducer of EMT, is frequently detected in the tumor microenvironment and correlates with invasion and lymph metastasis. Recently, we reported that TGFβ1 stimulated breast cancer cells with mesenchymal properties to migrate in a targeted fashion towards the lymphatic system via CCR7/CCL21-mediated chemotaxis, similar to dendritic cells during inflammation. Here, we aimed to identify additional chemotactic factors and corresponding receptors that could be involved in guiding breast cancer cells through the lymphatic system. Through a combination of RNA sequencing analysis, database screening and invasion assays we identified IL7/IL7R and IL15/IL15R as pairs of chemokines and receptors with potential roles in promoting chemotactic migration of breast cancer cells with mesenchymal properties towards the lymphatics. The results demonstrate the capacity of TGFβ1 to orchestrate crosstalk between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells and warrant further studies to explore the roles of IL7 and IL15 in promoting lymph metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Giotopoulou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden
| | - Wenyang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Maria Parniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17164, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden.
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Manisha DS, Ratheesh AK, Benny S, Presanna AT. Heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic arena of monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors to battle tumorigenesis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1604-1617. [PMID: 37688395 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) have gained significant attention in cancer research due to their critical role in tumour metabolism. MCTs are legends for transporting lactate molecules in cancer cells, an oncometabolite and waste product of glycolysis, acting as an indispensable factor of tumour proliferation. Targeting MCTs with inhibitors has emerged as a promising strategy to combat tumorigenesis. This article summarizes the most recent research on MCT inhibitors in preventing carcinogenesis, covering both heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic compounds. Heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic compounds such as pteridine, pyrazole, indole, flavonoids, coumarin derivatives and cyanoacetic acid derivatives have been reported as potent MCT inhibitors. We examine the molecular underpinnings of MCTs in cancer metabolism, the design and synthesis of heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic MCT inhibitors, their impact on tumour cells and the microenvironment and their potential as therapeutic agents. Moreover, we explore the challenges associated with MCT inhibitor development and propose future directions for advancing this field. This write-up aims to provide researchers, scientists and clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of the heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic MCT inhibitors and their potential in combating tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi S Manisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Anandu Kizhakkedath Ratheesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sonu Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Thankappan Presanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Hayashi Y, Yamamoto Y, Murakami I. Micromorphological observation of HLE cells under knockdown of Fascin using LV-SEM. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:257-265. [PMID: 37526656 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Japan with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype. Successful novel treatments for HCC have been reported; however, recurrences or metastasis may occur, which results in poor prognoses and high mortality of HCC patients. Fascin, an actin-bundling protein, regulates cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Its overexpression positively correlates with poor prognosis of malignant tumors, and Fascin is considered as one of the tumor biomarkers and therapeutic target proteins. In this study, we attempted to reveal the relationship between Fascin and HCC using HLE, one of the human HCC cell lines. We performed the study with classical immunocytochemistry and recently developed techniques, such as wound-healing assay, spheroid cultivation, and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM). Non-Fascin-knockdown (FKD) cell spheroid had a regular spherical appearance with tight cell-cell connections, while FKD cell spheroid had an irregular shape with loose cell-cell connections. Cells of non-FKD spheroid presented fibrous protrusions on the cell surface, contrarily, cells of FKD spheroids showed bulbous-shaped protrusions. Morphological observation of FKD and non-FKD HLE spheroids were performed using LV-SEM. Our study may help to reveal the roles of Fascin in the process of HCC formation and its malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
- Equipment of Support Planning Office, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Hospital, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Hospital, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
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31
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Gallo M, Ferrari E, Terrazzan A, Brugnoli F, Spisni A, Taccioli C, Aguiari G, Trentini A, Volinia S, Keillor JW, Bergamini CM, Bianchi N, Pertinhez TA. Metabolic characterisation of transglutaminase 2 inhibitor effects in breast cancer cell lines. FEBS J 2023; 290:5411-5433. [PMID: 37597264 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), which mediates post-translational modifications of multiple intracellular enzymes, is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. We used 1 H-NMR metabolomics to study the effects of AA9, a novel TG2 inhibitor, on two breast cancer cell lines with distinct phenotypes, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. AA9 can promote apoptosis in both cell lines, but it is particularly effective in MD-MB-231, inhibiting transamidation reactions and decreasing cell migration and invasiveness. This metabolomics study provides evidence of a major effect of AA9 on MDA-MB-231 cells, impacting glutamate and aspartate metabolism, rather than on MCF-7 cells, characterised by choline and O-phosphocholine decrease. Interestingly, AA9 treatment induces myo-inositol alteration in both cell lines, indicating action on phosphatidylinositol metabolism, likely modulated by the G protein activity of TG2 on phospholipase C. Considering the metabolic deregulations that characterise various breast cancer subtypes, the existence of a metabolic pathway affected by AA9 further points to TG2 as a promising hot spot. The metabolomics approach provides a powerful tool to monitor the effectiveness of inhibitors and better understand the role of TG2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Spisni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carlo M Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Jaye K, Alsherbiny MA, Chang D, Li CG, Bhuyan DJ. Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-Proliferative Action of Gut Microbial Metabolites against Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15053. [PMID: 37894734 PMCID: PMC10606851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota undergoes metabolic processes to produce by-products (gut metabolites), which play a vital role in the overall maintenance of health and prevention of disease within the body. However, the use of gut metabolites as anticancer agents and their molecular mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of three key gut microbial metabolites-sodium butyrate, inosine, and nisin, against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. To determine the potential mechanistic action of these gut metabolites, flow cytometric assessments of apoptotic potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production measurements and proteomics analyses were performed. Sodium butyrate exhibited promising cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 5.23 mM and 5.06 mM against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. All three metabolites were found to induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit the production of ROS in both cell lines. Nisin and inosine indicated a potential activation of cell cycle processes. Sodium butyrate indicated the possible initiation of signal transduction processes and cellular responses to stimuli. Further investigations are necessary to ascertain the effective therapeutic dose of these metabolites, and future research on patient-derived tumour spheroids will provide insights into the potential use of these gut metabolites in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Jaye
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.J.); (M.A.A.); (D.C.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Muhammad A. Alsherbiny
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.J.); (M.A.A.); (D.C.); (C.-G.L.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.J.); (M.A.A.); (D.C.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Chun-Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.J.); (M.A.A.); (D.C.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (K.J.); (M.A.A.); (D.C.); (C.-G.L.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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33
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Grilli F, Hassan EM, Variola F, Zou S. Harnessing graphene oxide nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in a 3D spheroid model of lung cancer. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6635-6649. [PMID: 37609774 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been recently proposed as an effective strategy for cancer treatment. A significant body of literature proved the effectiveness of nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to 2D tumour models, which are simple but not always representative of the in vivo reality. In this study, we analyze the efficiency of 3D spheroids combined with a minimally modified graphene oxide (GO)-based nanocarrier for siRNA delivery as a new system for cell transfection. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47; CD47_siRNA) was used as an anti-tumour therapeutic agent to silence the genes expressing CD47. This is a surface marker able to send a "don't eat me" signal to macrophages to prevent their phagocytosis. Also, we report the analysis of different GO formulations, in terms of size (small: about 100 nm; large: >650 nm) and functionalization (unmodified or modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the dendrimer PAMAM), aiming to establish the efficiency of unmodified GO as a nanocarrier for the transfection of A549 lung cancer spheroids. Small modified GO (smGO) showed the highest transfection efficiency values (>90%) in 3D models. Interestingly, small unmodified GO (sGO) was found to be promising for transfection, with efficiency values >80% using a higher siRNA ratio (i.e., 3 : 1). These results demonstrated the higher efficiency of spheroids compared to 2D models for transfection, and the high potential of unmodified GO to carry siRNA, providing a promising new in vitro model system for the analysis of anticancer gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grilli
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eman M Hassan
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Bandara V, Foeng J, Gundsambuu B, Norton TS, Napoli S, McPeake DJ, Tyllis TS, Rohani-Rad E, Abbott C, Mills SJ, Tan LY, Thompson EJ, Willet VM, Nikitaras VJ, Zheng J, Comerford I, Johnson A, Coombs J, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Cowin AJ, Bonder CS, Jensen M, Sadlon TJ, McColl SR, Barry SC. Pre-clinical validation of a pan-cancer CAR-T cell immunotherapy targeting nfP2X7. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5546. [PMID: 37684239 PMCID: PMC10491676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy is a novel treatment that genetically modifies the patients' own T cells to target and kill malignant cells. However, identification of tumour-specific antigens expressed on multiple solid cancer types, remains a major challenge. P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) is a cell surface expressed ATP gated cation channel, and a dysfunctional version of P2X7, named nfP2X7, has been identified on cancer cells from multiple tissues, while being undetectable on healthy cells. We present a prototype -human CAR-T construct targeting nfP2X7 showing potential antigen-specific cytotoxicity against twelve solid cancer types (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, brain and skin). In xenograft mouse models of breast and prostate cancer, CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 exhibit robust anti-tumour efficacy. These data indicate that nfP2X7 is a suitable immunotherapy target because of its broad expression on human tumours. CAR-T cells targeting nfP2X7 have potential as a wide-spectrum cancer immunotherapy for solid tumours in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jade Foeng
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Todd S Norton
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Silvana Napoli
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dylan J McPeake
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Timona S Tyllis
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Elaheh Rohani-Rad
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Stuart J Mills
- University of South Australia, STEM (Future Industries Institute) SA, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Lih Y Tan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Emma J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Vasiliki M Willet
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Victoria J Nikitaras
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jieren Zheng
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Adam Johnson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Justin Coombs
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Reproductive Cancer Research Group, Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- University of South Australia, STEM (Future Industries Institute) SA, Adelaide, 5095, Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Jensen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Timothy J Sadlon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Carina Biotech, Level 2 Innovation & Collaboration Centre, UniSA Bradley Building, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
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Iliev I, Mavrova A, Yancheva D, Dimov S, Staneva G, Nesheva A, Tsoneva I, Nikolova B. 2-Alkyl-Substituted-4-Amino-Thieno[2,3- d]Pyrimidines: Anti-Proliferative Properties to In Vitro Breast Cancer Models. Molecules 2023; 28:6347. [PMID: 37687177 PMCID: PMC10489817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thienopyrimidines are structural analogs of quinazolines, and the creation of new 2-alkyl derivatives of ethyl 4-aminothienopyrimidine-6-carboxylates for the study of their anti-proliferative properties is of great pharmacological interest. Some 2-alkyl-4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines 2-5 were synthesized, and their cyto- and phototoxicity against BALB 3T3 cells were established by an in vitro 3T3 NRU test. The obtained results indicate that the tested compounds are not cytotoxic or phototoxic, and that they are appropriate to be studied for their anti-proliferative and anti-tumor properties. The anti-proliferative potential of the compounds was investigated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, as well as a MCF-10A cell line (normal human mammary epithelial cells). The most toxic to MCF-7 was thienopyrimidine 3 with IC50 13.42 μg/mL (IC50 0.045 μM), followed by compound 4 (IC50 28.89 μg/mL or IC50 0.11 μM). The thienopyrimidine 4 revealed higher selectivity to MCF-7 and lower activity (IC50 367 μg/mL i.e., 1.4 μM) than compound 3 with MCF-10A cells. With respect to MDA-MB-231 cells, ester 2 manifested the highest effect with IC50 52.56 μg/mL (IC50 0.16 μM), and 2-ethyl derivative 4 revealed IC50 62.86 μg/mL (IC50 0.24 μM). It was estimated that the effect of the substances on the cell cycle progression was due to cell cycle arrest in the G2 stage for MDA-MB-231, while arrest in G1 was detected for the estrogen (ER)-positive MCF-7 cell line. The tested compound's effects on the change of the zeta potential in the tumorigenic cells utilized in this study were determined. The calculation which we performed of the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters influencing the biological activity suggested high intestinal absorption, as well as drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iliev
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Anelia Mavrova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, S8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stefan Dimov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, S8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Alexandrina Nesheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Iana Tsoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Biliana Nikolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.N.); (I.T.)
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Foudah AI, Alam A, Salkini MA, Ross SA, Kumar P, Aldawsari MF, Alqarni MH, Sweilam SH. Synergistic Combination of Letrozole and Berberine in Ascorbic Acid-Stabilized AuNPs: A Promising Solution for Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1099. [PMID: 37631014 PMCID: PMC10459502 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a deadly disease that affects countless women worldwide. The most conventional treatments for breast cancer, such as the administration of anticancer medications such as letrozole (LTZ), pose significant barriers due to the non-selective delivery and low bioavailability of cytotoxic drugs leading to serious adverse effects and multidrug resistance (MDR). Addressing these obstacles requires an innovative approach, and we propose a combined strategy that synergistically incorporates LTZ with berberine (BBR) into stabilised AuNPs coated with ascorbic acid (AA), known as LTZ-BBR@AA-AuNPs. The LTZ-BBR@AA-AuNPs, a novel combined drug delivery system, were carefully designed to maximise the entrapment of both LTZ and BBR. The resulting spherical nanoparticles exhibited remarkable efficiency in trapping these two compounds, with rates of 58% and 54%, respectively. In particular, the average hydrodynamic diameter of these nanoparticles was determined to be 81.23 ± 4.0 nm with a PDI value of only 0.286, indicating excellent uniformity between them. Furthermore, their zeta potential was observed to be -14.5 mV, suggesting high stability even under physiological conditions. The release profiles showed that after being incubated for about 24 h at pH levels ranging from acidic (pH = 5) to basic (pH = 7), the percentage released for both drugs ranged from 56-72%. This sustained and controlled drug release can reduce any negative side effects while improving therapeutic efficacy when administered directly to cancer. MDA-MB-231 cells treated with LTZ-BBR@AA-AuNPs for 48 h exhibited IC50 values of 2.04 ± 0.011 μg/mL, indicating potent cytotoxicity against cells. Furthermore, the nanoparticles demonstrated excellent stability throughout the duration of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.S.); (M.H.A.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.S.); (M.H.A.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Mohammad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.S.); (M.H.A.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Samir A. Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, PO Nagrota, Jagti, Jammu 181221, India;
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.S.); (M.H.A.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.S.); (M.H.A.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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Pratelli G, Carlisi D, Di Liberto D, Notaro A, Giuliano M, D'Anneo A, Lauricella M, Emanuele S, Calvaruso G, De Blasio A. MCL1 Inhibition Overcomes the Aggressiveness Features of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11149. [PMID: 37446326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype among breast cancers (BCs), characterized by anoikis resistance, high invasiveness, and metastatic potential as well as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and stemness features. In the last few years, our research focused on the function of MCL1, an antiapoptotic protein frequently deregulated in TNBC. Here, we demonstrate that MCL1 inhibition by A-1210477, a specific BH3-mimetic, promotes anoikis/apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, as shown via an increase in proapoptotic markers and caspase activation. Our evidence also shows A-1210477 effects on Focal Adhesions (FAs) impairing the integrin trim and survival signaling pathways, such as FAK, AKT, ERK, NF-κB, and GSK3β-inducing anoikis, thus suggesting a putative role of MCL1 in regulation of FA dynamics. Interestingly, in accordance with these results, we observed a reduction in migratory and invasiveness capabilities as confirmed by a decrease in metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels following A-1210477 treatment. Moreover, MCL1 inhibition promotes a reduction in EMT characteristics as demonstrated by the downregulation of Vimentin, MUC1, DNMT1, and a surprising re-expression of E-Cadherin, suggesting a possible mesenchymal-like phenotype reversion. In addition, we also observed the downregulation of stemness makers such as OCT3/4, SOX2, NANOG, as well as CD133, EpCAM, and CD49f. Our findings support the idea that MCL1 inhibition in MDA-MB-231 could be crucial to reduce anoikis resistance, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential and to minimize EMT and stemness features that distinguish TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC)-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Roberge CL, Miceli RT, Murphy LR, Kingsley DM, Gross RA, Corr DT. Sophorolipid Candidates Demonstrate Cytotoxic Efficacy against 2D and 3D Breast Cancer Models. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1159-1170. [PMID: 37104545 PMCID: PMC10760934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sophorolipids are biosurfactants derived from the nonpathogenic yeasts such as Starmerella bombicola with potential efficacy in anticancer applications. Simple and cost-effective synthesis of these drugs makes them a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapeutics, pending their success in preliminary drug-screening. Drug-screening typically utilizes 2D cell monolayers due to their simplicity and ease of high-throughput assessment. However, 2D assays fail to capture the complexity and 3D context of the tumor microenvironment and have consequently been implicated in the high percentage of drugs investigated in vitro that later fail in clinical trials. Herein, we screened two sophorolipid candidates and a clinically-used chemotherapeutic, doxorubicin, on in vitro breast cancer models ranging from 2D monolayers to 3D spheroids, employing optical coherence tomography to confirm these morphologies. We calculated corresponding IC50 values for these drugs and found one of the sophorolipids to have comparable toxicities to the chemotherapeutic control. Our findings show increased drug resistance associated with model dimensionality, such that all drugs tested showed that 3D spheroids exhibited higher IC50 values than their 2D counterparts. These findings demonstrate promising preliminary data to support the use of sophorolipids as a more affordable alternative to traditional clinical interventions and demonstrate the importance of 3D tumor models in assessing drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Roberge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Rebecca T Miceli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lillian R Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Ncube KN, Jurgens T, Steenkamp V, Cromarty AD, van den Bout I, Cordier W. Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin in BT-20 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051484. [PMID: 37239157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture models are increasingly adopted as preferred pre-clinical drug testing platforms, as they circumvent limitations associated with traditional monolayer cell cultures. However, many of these models are not fully characterized. This study aimed to characterize a BT-20 triple-negative breast carcinoma spheroid model and assess its susceptibility to doxorubicin in comparison to a monolayer model. Spheroids were developed using the liquid overlay method. Phenotypic attributes were analyzed by characterizing changes in size, gross morphology, protein content, metabolic activity, hypoxic status, and cell-cell junctions. The cytotoxic range of doxorubicin in monolayers was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay, and the comparative effect of toxic and sub-toxic concentrations was assessed in both spheroids and monolayers. Similar to the in vivo microenvironment, spheroids had a heterogeneous spatial cytoarchitecture, inherent hypoxia and strong adherens junctions. Doxorubicin induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in monolayers (IC25: 130 nM, IC50: 320 nM and IC75: 1580 nM); however, these concentrations did not alter the spheroid size or acid phosphatase activity. Only concentrations ≥6 µM had any effect on spheroid integrity. In comparison to monolayers, the BT-20 spheroid model has decreased sensitivity to doxorubicin and could serve as a better model for susceptibility testing in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith N Ncube
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Tamarin Jurgens
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Allan D Cromarty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Werner Cordier
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
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Miceli R, Totsingan F, Naina T, Islam S, Dordick JS, Corr DT, Gross RA. Molecularly Engineered Surfactin Analogues Induce Nonapoptotic-Like Cell Death and Increased Selectivity in Multiple Breast Cancer Cell Types. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14610-14620. [PMID: 37125141 PMCID: PMC10134466 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surfactin, a negatively charged amphiphilic lipopeptide biosurfactant, is synthesized by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It consists of a cyclic heptapeptide and an 11-15C β-hydroxy fatty acid. To probe how the modification of the molecular skeleton of surfactin influences its selectivity and activity against breast cancer, six synthetic surfactins were generated. Modifications were accomplished by conjugating amine-functionalized molecules to the Glu and Asp carboxyl moieties of the heptapeptide. The resulting synthetic surfactins provided a diverse series of molecules with differences in charge, size, and hydrophilicity. After purification and structural analysis, insights into biological activity and specificity were generated for each compound. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was determined for four tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines in monolayer and spheroid morphologies, as well as nontumorigenic fibroblasts and sheep erythrocytes, which were utilized to determine selectivity indices. Results indicated that two compounds, which have amplified anionic charge, had increased activity on breast cancer, with reduced activity on nontumorigenic fibroblasts and erythrocytes. Cationic derivative surf-ethylenediamine has increased activity on all cell lines tested. Novel correlations between dose-response activities and physicochemical properties of all compounds determined that there is a significant correlation between the critical micelle concentration and activity against multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
T. Miceli
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Filbert Totsingan
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tasnim Naina
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Samita Islam
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - David T. Corr
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- . Tel: (518) 577-1090
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Nair L, Mukherjee S, Kaur K, Murphy CM, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Singh M. Multi compartmental 3D breast cancer disease model–recapitulating tumor complexity in in-vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130361. [PMID: 37019341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common ailment among women. In 2020, it had the highest incidence of any type of cancer. Many Phase II and III anti-cancer drugs fail due to efficacy, durability, and side effects. Thus, accelerated drug screening models must be accurate. In-vivo models have been used for a long time, but delays, inconsistent results, and a greater sense of responsibility among scientists toward wildlife have led to the search for in-vitro alternatives. Stromal components support breast cancer growth and survival. Multi-compartment Transwell models may be handy instruments. Co-culturing breast cancer cells with endothelium and fibroblasts improves modelling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports native 3D hydrogels in natural and polymeric forms. 3D Transwell cultured tumor spheroids mimicked in-vivo pathological conditions. Tumor invasion, migration, Trans-endothelial migration, angiogenesis, and spread are studied using comprehensive models. Transwell models can create a cancer niche and conduct high-throughput drug screening, promising future applications. Our comprehensive shows how 3D in-vitro multi compartmental models may be useful in producing breast cancer stroma in Transwell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni, Bilaspur,(C.G 495009, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
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Tosca EM, Ronchi D, Facciolo D, Magni P. Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of Animal Experiments in Anticancer Drug Development: The Contribution of 3D In Vitro Cancer Models in the Drug Efficacy Assessment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041058. [PMID: 37189676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer models have been proposed as a bridge between bidimensional (2D) cell cultures and in vivo animal models, the gold standards in the preclinical assessment of anticancer drug efficacy. 3D in vitro cancer models can be generated through a multitude of techniques, from both immortalized cancer cell lines and primary patient-derived tumor tissue. Among them, spheroids and organoids represent the most versatile and promising models, as they faithfully recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancers. Although their recent applications include drug screening programs and personalized medicine, 3D in vitro cancer models have not yet been established as preclinical tools for studying anticancer drug efficacy and supporting preclinical-to-clinical translation, which remains mainly based on animal experimentation. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art of 3D in vitro cancer models for the efficacy evaluation of anticancer agents, focusing on their potential contribution to replace, reduce and refine animal experimentations, highlighting their strength and weakness, and discussing possible perspectives to overcome current challenges.
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Tu L, Li Q, Qiu S, Li M, Shin J, Wu P, Singh N, Li J, Ding Q, Hu C, Xiong X, Sun Y, Kim JS. Recent developments in carbon dots: a biomedical application perspective. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3038-3053. [PMID: 36919487 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, newly developed carbon-based nanomaterials known as carbon dots (CDs) have generated significant interest in nanomedicine. However, current knowledge regarding CD research in the biomedical field is still lacking. An overview of the most recent development of CDs in biomedical research is given in this review article. Several crucial CD applications, such as biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and antibacterial applications, are highlighted. Finally, CD-based biomedicine's challenges and future potential are also highlighted to enrich biomedical researchers' knowledge about the potential of CDs and the need for overcoming various technical obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313099, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313099, P. R. China
| | - Meiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Nem Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Junrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Qihang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Cong Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313099, P. R. China
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Preussin, a Marine Fungal Metabolite, against the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231, in 2D and 3D Cultures. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030166. [PMID: 36976215 PMCID: PMC10053333 DOI: 10.3390/md21030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with a typically poorer prognosis than other subtypes of BC and limited therapeutic options. Therefore, new drugs would be particularly welcome to help treat TNBC. Preussin, isolated from the marine sponge-associated fungus, Aspergillus candidus, has shown the potential to reduce cell viability and proliferation as well as to induce cell death and cell cycle arrest in 2D cell culture models. However, studies that better mimic the tumors in vivo, such as 3D cell cultures, are needed. Here, we studied the effects of preussin in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, comparing 2D and 3D cell cultures, using ultrastructural analysis and the MTT, BrdU, annexin V-PI, comet (alkaline and FPG modified versions), and wound healing assays. Preussin was found to decrease cell viability, both in 2D and 3D cell cultures, in a dose-dependent manner, impair cell proliferation, and induce cell death, therefore excluding the hypothesis of genotoxic properties. The cellular impacts were reflected by ultrastructural alterations in both cell culture models. Preussin also significantly inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. The new data expanded the knowledge on preussin actions while supporting other studies, highlighting its potential as a molecule or scaffold for the development of new anticancer drugs against TNBC.
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Wu Y, Huang J, Chen H, Tao H, He Y, Yang G, Zha Q, Lash GE, Li P. Tumor-Derived Oxidative Stress Triggers Ovarian Follicle Loss in Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:608-623. [PMID: 36804378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common indication for ovarian cryopreservation. However, whether the grafting ovarian tissue meets functional requirements, as well as the need for additional interventions, remains unclear. The current study demonstrates abnormal serum hormones in breast cancer in humans and breast cancer cell line-derived tumor-bearing mice, and for the first time shows tumor-induced loss of primordial and growing follicles and the number of follicles being lost to either growth or atresia. A gene signature of tumor-bearing mice demonstrates the disturbed regulatory network of steroidogenesis, which links to mitochondria dysfunction in oocytes and granulosa cells via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Notably, increased reactive oxygen species are identified in serum and ovarian tissues in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C promotes follicular quiescence, repairing tumor-induced follicle loss via inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, indicating that antioxidants should be a potential fertility therapy to achieve more numbers of healthy follicles ready for ovarian cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqiong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbiao He
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbing Zha
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China.
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Okuyama NCM, Ribeiro DL, da Rocha CQ, Pereira ÉR, Cólus IMDS, Serpeloni JM. Three-dimensional cell cultures as preclinical models to assess the biological activity of phytochemicals in breast cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 460:116376. [PMID: 36638973 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models in both/either drug screening and/or toxicology is gradually magnified. Natural Products derived from plants are known as phytochemicals and serve as resources for novel drugs and cancer therapy. Typical examples include taxol analogs (i.e., paclitaxel and docetaxel), vinca alkaloids (i.e., vincristine, vinblastine), and camptothecin analogs (topotecan, irinotecan). Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, with a 70% chance of patients being cured; however, metastatic disease is not considered curable using currently available chemotherapeutic options. In addition, phytochemicals present promising options for overcoming chemotherapy-related problems, such as drug resistance and toxic effects on non-target tissues. In the toxicological evaluation of these natural compounds, 3D cell culture models are a powerful tool for studying their effects on different tissues and organs in similar environments and behave as if they are in vivo conditions. Considering that 3D cell cultures represent a valuable platform for identifying the biological features of tumor cells as well as for screening natural products with antitumoral activity, the present review aims to summarize the most common 3D cell culture methods, focusing on multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) of breast cancer cell lines used in the discovery of phytochemicals with anticancer properties in the last ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Diego Luís Ribeiro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Quintino da Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
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Coutinho LDL, Junior TCT, Rangel MC. Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1089115. [PMID: 36776295 PMCID: PMC9909961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Alternative therapies have been extensively investigated, and plant-derived compounds have caught the attention of the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and anticancer effects. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of these naturally occurring agents, and studies have shown that it is able to target a specific cancer cell population displaying stem-like properties, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells can self-renewal and differentiate to form highly heterogeneous tumor masses. Notably, most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents cannot target CSCs once they usually exist in a quiescent state and overall, the available cytotoxic drugs focus on highly dividing cells. This is, at least in part, one of the reasons why some oncologic patients relapse after standard therapy. In this review we bring together studies supporting not only the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of SFN, but especially the emerging anti-CSCs effects of this natural product and its potential to be used with conventional antineoplastic drugs in the clinical setting.
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48
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Wistner SC, MacDonald IA, Stanley KA, Hathaway NA. Characterization of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor-Related Protein 2 Interactions with Heterochromatin. Cells 2023; 12:325. [PMID: 36672260 PMCID: PMC9856275 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of genetic information is tightly controlled by chromatin regulatory proteins, including those in the heterochromatin gene repression family. Many of these regulatory proteins work together on the chromatin substrate to precisely regulate gene expression during mammalian development, giving rise to many different tissues in higher organisms from a fixed genomic template. Here we identify and characterize the interactions of two related heterochromatin regulatory proteins, heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α) and M-phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8), with hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 2 (HRP2). We find in biochemical experiments that HRP2 copurifies and co-sediments with heterochromatin-associated proteins, including HP1α and MPP8. Using the Chromatin in vivo Assay in multiple cell types, we demonstrate that HP1α-mediated gene repression dynamics are altered by the presence of HRP2. Furthermore, the knockout of HRP2 in MDA-MB-231 cells results in significant changes to chromatin structure and stability, which alter gene expression patterns. Here, we detail a mechanism by which HRP2 contributes to epigenetic transcriptional regulation through engagement with heterochromatin-associated proteins to stabilize the chromatin landscape and influence gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Wistner
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ian A. MacDonald
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karly A. Stanley
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Hathaway
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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49
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Ultrasound frequency sonication facilitates high-throughput and uniform dissociation of cellular aggregates and tissues. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:70-81. [PMID: 36642327 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation step involving dissociation of tissues into their component cells is often required to conduct analysis of nucleic acids and other constituents from tissue samples. Frequently, the extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesions are disrupted via treatment with a chemical dissociating reagent or various mechanical forces. In this work, a new, high-throughput, multiplexed method of dissociating tissues and cellular aggregates into single cells using ultrasound frequency bath sonication is explored and characterized. Different operating parameters are evaluated, and a treatment protocol with potential for uniform, high-throughput tissue dissociation is compared to the existing best chemical and orbital plate shaking protocol. Metrics such as percent dissociation, cellular recovery, average aggregate size, proportion of various aggregate sizes, membrane circularity, and cellular viability are subsequently assessed and found to be favorable. In optimized conditions, 53 ± 8% of 1 mm biopsy cores are dissociated within 30 min using sonication alone, surpassing leading high-throughput orbital plate shaking techniques five-fold. Chemical digestion is also 2 times more effective when complexed with sonication rather than orbital plate shaking. RNA content, quality, and expression are found to be superior to the standard protocol in terms of transcriptional preservation.
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Malacrida A, Erriquez J, Hashemi M, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Cassetti A, Cavaletti G, Miloso M. Evaluation of antitumoral effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101353. [PMID: 36186735 PMCID: PMC9519930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women. Natural substances represent an important source of innovative therapeutic solutions, eventually integrating or substituting conventional drugs and chemicals. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a plant of the Malvaceae family that has raised interest thanks to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects. In this work, we evaluated the antitumoral effects of an enriched fraction of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HsEF) in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7(ERα +) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative). Methods and resultsCell viability was assessed by MTT and Trypan blue assays. HsEF reduced both cell lines viability in a dose and time dependent manner and this effect results irreversible. In MCF-7 cells immunofluorescence experiments, demonstrated that HsEF induced ERα trans-location from nucleus to perinuclear area and in cytoplasmic compartment. qRT-PCR and western blotting high-lighted that HsEF reduced ERα, BRCA1 and caveolin1 gene and protein expression in MCF-7 cells, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that HsEF reduced proteasome activity, an increased autophagy, impair migration and invasion in both cell lines. ConclusionsOur data suggest HsEF has an antitumoral effects on both breast tumor cells examined and that ERα involvement could explain the differences observed between the two cell lines. Breast cancer conventional treatments have some limitations, such as drug resistance, metastasis and high heterogeneity. Natural products and their metabolites represent an alternative and an interesting therapeutic option. H. sabdariffa reduce cell viability, cell migration and cell invasion of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. H. sabdariffa inhibits proteasome and induces autophagy. H.sabdariffa induce estrogen receptor downregulation and intracellular de-localization.
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