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Arora IH, Woscoboinik GG, Mokhtar S, Quagliarini B, Bartal A, Jagodnik KM, Barry RL, Edlow AG, Orr SP, Dekel S. A diagnostic questionnaire for childbirth related posttraumatic stress disorder: a validation study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:134.e1-134.e13. [PMID: 37981091 PMCID: PMC11175478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Labor and delivery can entail complications and severe maternal morbidities that threaten a woman's life or cause her to believe that her life is in danger. Women with these experiences are at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder. Postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder, or childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder, can become an enduring and debilitating condition. At present, validated tools for a rapid and efficient screen for childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder are lacking. OBJECTIVE We examined the diagnostic validity of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, for detecting posttraumatic stress disorder among women who have had a traumatic childbirth. This Checklist assesses the 20 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and is a commonly used patient-administrated screening instrument. Its diagnostic accuracy for detecting childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder is unknown. STUDY DESIGN The sample included 59 patients who reported a traumatic childbirth experience determined in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, posttraumatic stress disorder criterion A for exposure involving a threat or potential threat to the life of the mother or infant, experienced or perceived, or physical injury. The majority (66%) of the participants were less than 1 year postpartum (for full sample: median, 4.67 months; mean, 1.5 years) and were recruited via the Mass General Brigham's online platform, during the postpartum unit hospitalization or after discharge. Patients were instructed to complete the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, concerning posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms related to childbirth. Other comorbid conditions (ie, depression and anxiety) were also assessed. They also underwent a clinician interview for posttraumatic stress disorder using the gold-standard Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. A second administration of the Checklist was performed in a subgroup (n=43), altogether allowing an assessment of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and diagnostic validity of the Checklist. The diagnostic accuracy of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, in reference to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; an optimal cutoff score was identified using the Youden's J index. RESULTS One-third of the sample (35.59%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for a posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis stemming from childbirth. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, symptom severity score was strongly correlated with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, total score (ρ=0.82; P<.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.99), indicating excellent diagnostic performance of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. A cutoff value of 28 optimized the sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.90) and correctly diagnosed 86% of women. A higher value (32) identified individuals with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (specificity, 0.95), but with lower sensitivity (0.62). Checklist scores were also stable over time (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.73), indicating good test-retest reliability. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, scores were moderately correlated with the depression and anxiety symptom scores (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: ρ=0.58; P<.001 and the Brief Symptom Inventory, anxiety subscale: ρ=0.51; P<.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the validity of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, as a screening tool for posttraumatic stress disorder among women who had a traumatic childbirth experience. The instrument may facilitate screening for childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder on a large scale and help identify women who might benefit from further diagnostics and services. Replication of the findings in larger, postpartum samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Hemant Arora
- Postpartum Traumatic Stress (Dekel) Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Georgia G Woscoboinik
- Postpartum Traumatic Stress (Dekel) Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Salma Mokhtar
- Postpartum Traumatic Stress (Dekel) Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Beatrice Quagliarini
- Postpartum Traumatic Stress (Dekel) Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alon Bartal
- The School of Business Administration, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kathleen M Jagodnik
- Postpartum Traumatic Stress (Dekel) Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Robert L Barry
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Scott P Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA; Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sharon Dekel
- Postpartum Traumatic Stress (Dekel) Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA.
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Ceobanu CM, Marian AL, Apostolache R. Glimpse on 21st century new phobias; a predictive model of nomophobia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252099. [PMID: 38259779 PMCID: PMC10802701 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the explanatory power of a predictive model of nomophobia consisting of rumination, fear of missing out (FoMO), mindfulness and non-pathological compulsions. The research involved a cross-sectional design exploring the prevalence of nomophobia in a Romanian university students' cohort. The quantitative methodology was used to collect and analyse the data obtained from all the respondents. Researchers adapted and pretested the questionnaire NMP-Q, before distributing it to 194 university students. SPSS (V. 20) and Hayes's PROCESS tool were used to analyse the data. The findings demonstrated that the above-mentioned psychological variables have a direct and significant relationship with nomophobia. Specifically, within the multidimensional mechanism that explains nomophobia, fear of missing out (FoMO), non-pathological compulsions, and rumination, included in the predictive model in this order, played the most important role, as together cover 34% of nomophobia variance. Furthermore, the fear of missing out has the highest explanatory contribution to nomophobia. The current study gives a better understanding of the dynamics of nomophobia in young people by focusing on psychological factors that play an important role in this phenomenon.
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Safaria T, Saputra NE, Arini DP. Data on the model of loneliness and smartphone use intensity as a mediator of self-control, emotion regulation, and spiritual meaningfulness in nomophobia. Data Brief 2023; 50:109479. [PMID: 37636133 PMCID: PMC10448255 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted in three locations: Yogyakarta, Palembang, and Jambi. A total of 355 psychology students from three different universities were recruited using purposive sampling. Among the participants, there were 313 females (88.03%) and 42 males (11.83%). The participants completed several questionnaires in the Indonesian version, including the nomophobia NMP-Q scale (Yildirim & Correia, 2015), the R-UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980), the self-control scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and the Spiritual Meaningfulness scale developed based on the theory of Pargament (2007). Before commencing the analysis, the research team ensured the accuracy and reliability of the collected data sets. Participants who did not fully complete the questionnaire were removed from the sample. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the research ethics committee, and the researchers obtained permission from the respective university administrations for data collection. Prior to participation, all individuals agreed to take part in the study, provided voluntary informed consent, and were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantoro Safaria
- Ahmad Dahlan University, Jambi University, Charitas Musi Catholic University, Indonesia
| | - Nofrans Eka Saputra
- Ahmad Dahlan University, Jambi University, Charitas Musi Catholic University, Indonesia
| | - Diana Putri Arini
- Ahmad Dahlan University, Jambi University, Charitas Musi Catholic University, Indonesia
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O’Donovan MR, Cornally N, O’Caoimh R. Validation of a Harmonised, Three-Item Cognitive Screening Instrument for the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-Cog). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6869. [PMID: 37835139 PMCID: PMC10572728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
More accurate and standardised screening and assessment instruments are needed for studies to better understand the epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Europe. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) does not have a harmonised multi-domain cognitive test available. The current study proposes and validates a new instrument, the SHARE cognitive instrument (SHARE-Cog), for this large European longitudinal cohort. Three cognitive domains/sub-tests were available across all main waves of the SHARE and incorporated into SHARE-Cog; these included 10-word registration, verbal fluency (animal naming) and 10-word recall. Subtests were weighted using regression analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed from the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves. Diagnostic categories included normal cognition (NC), subjective memory complaints (SMC), MCI and dementia. A total of 20,752 participants were included from wave 8, with a mean age of 75 years; 55% were female. A 45-point SHARE-Cog was developed and validated and had excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying dementia (AUC = 0.91); very good diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment (MCI + dementia), (AUC = 0.81); and good diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing MCI from dementia (AUC = 0.76) and MCI from SMC + NC (AUC = 0.77). SHARE-Cog is a new, short cognitive screening instrument developed and validated to assess cognition in the SHARE. In this cross-sectional analysis, it has good-excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying cognitive impairment in this wave of SHARE, but further study is required to confirm this in previous waves and over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. O’Donovan
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Mercy University Hospital, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Nicola Cornally
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, T12AK54 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Rónán O’Caoimh
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Mercy University Hospital, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland;
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, T12WE28 Cork, Ireland
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García-Masip V, Sora B, Serrano-Fernandez MJ, Boada-Grau J, Lampert B. Personality and Nomophobia: The Role of Dysfunctional Obsessive Beliefs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4128. [PMID: 36901141 PMCID: PMC10002437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new technologies (ICTs), and specifically the invention of smartphones, has offered users enormous benefits. However, the use of this technology is sometimes problematic and can negatively affect people's lives. Nomophobia has been defined as the fear of being unreachable by means of a smartphone and is considered a disorder of the modern world. The present study aims to provide additional evidence of the relationship between personality traits and nomophobia. Moreover, this research explores dysfunctional obsessive beliefs as another possible antecedent. Finally, this study also examines the effect of the combination of these antecedents on nomophobia. METHOD The study sample was comprised of Spanish workers (males: 44.54%; females: 55.46%) in the city of Tarragona and its surroundings. RESULTS Our results showed that nomophobia is directly related to personality traits such as extraversion, and that dysfunctional obsessive beliefs play a role in the development of nomophobia. Moreover, our study confirms that the combination of personality traits and dysfunctional obsessive beliefs can affect the degree of nomophobia experienced. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to the body of literature that examines how psychological variables of personality can be predictors of nomophobia. Additional research is needed to better understand the determinants of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria García-Masip
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sora
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria José Serrano-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Boada-Grau
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bettina Lampert
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Amendola S, Cerutti R, Presaghi F. Symptoms of Prolonged Social Withdrawal, Problematic Internet Use, and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Emerging Adulthood: A Moderation Model. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:29-38. [PMID: 36936621 PMCID: PMC10016104 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Prolonged social withdrawal (PSW) or hikikomori and problematic internet use (PIU) have attracted the attention of mental health experts worldwide. The scientific literature suggests a complex relationship between these conditions and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) or disorders. In the present cross-sectional study, we tested the role of PIU symptoms as a moderator of the relationship between symptoms of PSW and PLEs in a sample of 238 Italian emerging adults. Method Data was collected using the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire, the Internet Disorder Scale, the Brief Prodromal Questionnaire, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. In addition, lifetime psychological disorders and drug and alcohol use during the last month were explored. No participant reported a lifetime episode of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. Results Symptoms of PSW and PIU were significantly associated with PLEs total distress and PLEs total number of symptoms endorsed, after adjustment for age and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Further, PIU symptoms moderated the relationship between symptoms of PSW and PLEs total distress (b= 2.745, s.e.= 1.089, p= 0.012). However, PIU symptoms did not moderate the relationship between PSW and PLEs total symptoms (b= 0.615, s.e.= 0.349, p= 0.078). This study is limited because the participants were most likely university students and because of the cross-sectional design. Conclusions Findings from this study partially support the role of high symptoms of PIU as a risk factor in the relationship between symptoms of PSW and PLEs. Future longitudinal research is needed to confirm our findings examining the temporal relationship between PSW, PIU, and PLEs using both dimensional and categorical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences
- Corresponding author Simone Amendola E-mail:
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza - University of Rome
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza - University of Rome
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Imperatori C, Massullo C, De Rossi E, Carbone GA, Theodorou A, Scopelliti M, Romano L, Del Gatto C, Allegrini G, Carrus G, Panno A. Exposure to nature is associated with decreased functional connectivity within the distress network: A resting state EEG study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1171215. [PMID: 37151328 PMCID: PMC10158085 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the well-established evidence supporting the restorative potential of nature exposure, the neurophysiological underpinnings of the restorative cognitive/emotional effect of nature are not yet fully understood. The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between exposure to nature and electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity in the distress network. Methods Fifty-three individuals (11 men and 42 women; mean age 21.38 ± 1.54 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: (i) a green group and (ii) a gray group. A slideshow consisting of images depicting natural and urban scenarios were, respectively, presented to the green and the gray group. Before and after the slideshow, 5 min resting state (RS) EEG recordings were performed. The exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) software was used to execute all EEG analyses. Results Compared to the gray group, the green group showed a significant increase in positive emotions (F 1; 50 = 9.50 p = 0.003) and in the subjective experience of being full of energy and alive (F 1; 50 = 4.72 p = 0.035). Furthermore, as compared to urban pictures, the exposure to natural images was associated with a decrease of delta functional connectivity in the distress network, specifically between the left insula and left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (T = -3.70, p = 0.023). Discussion Our results would seem to be in accordance with previous neurophysiological studies suggesting that experiencing natural environments is associated with brain functional dynamics linked to emotional restorative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Massullo
- Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Rossi
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessio Carbone
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Alessio Carbone,
| | - Annalisa Theodorou
- Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Romano
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Gatto
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Allegrini
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrus
- Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Panno
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Angelo Panno,
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Kanbay Y, Akçam A, Özbay SÇ, Özbay Ö, Fırat M. Developing Fırat Nomophobia Scale and investigating its psychometric properties. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2534-2541. [PMID: 35415930 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed the nomophobia concept to develop the "Fırat Nomophobia Scale" to determine the level of nomophobia in individuals aged 15-65 years. DESIGN AND MEASURES A linguistically and psychometrically validated trial form consisting of 13 statements was applied to a sample of 678 individuals (69% women). RESULTS The "Nomophobia Scale" that we developed consisted of a single dimension and eight items, explicating 55.9% of the variance concerning nomophobia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the Fırat Nomophobia Scale is an economical scale with a low number of items and high variance. In addition, it provides valid and reliable measurements. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The present study signifies the importance of research on nomophobia and determining the risk groups and protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Kanbay
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Aysun Akçam
- Department of Turkish Language Teaching, Faculty of Education, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Özkan Özbay
- Distance Education Application and Research Center, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Meryem Fırat
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Weiss SJ, Musana JW. Symptoms of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy: sex-specific effects for neonatal morbidity. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:878-886. [PMID: 35421290 PMCID: PMC9464044 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth. However, little is known about the relationship of a woman's psychological symptoms during pregnancy to the infant's morbidity at birth or any differential effects of these symptoms on female vs. male fetuses. Our research aims addressed these gaps. METHODS A total of 186 women were enrolled between 24 and 34 weeks gestation when demographic information was acquired and they completed the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure psychological distress. Data on gestational age at birth, fetal sex, and neonatal morbidity was extracted from the medical record. To control for their effects, obstetric complications were also identified. Multiple linear regressions were computed to examine the aims, including interaction terms to measure moderating effects of fetal sex. RESULTS Symptoms of maternal psychological distress were a significant predictor of neonatal morbidity but were not associated with gestational age. The interaction between symptom distress and fetal/infant sex was also significant for neonatal morbidity but not for gestational age. For boys, high levels of maternal symptom distress during pregnancy were associated with neonatal resuscitation, ventilatory assistance, and infection. Maternal distress was not associated with neonatal morbidity for girls. CONCLUSIONS The male fetus may be more sensitive to effects of mothers' psychological symptoms than the female fetus. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and identify potential biological mechanisms that may be responsible for these sex differences. Findings suggest the importance of symptom screening and early intervention to reduce maternal distress and risk of neonatal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph W. Musana
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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Amendola S, Presaghi F, Teo AR, Cerutti R. Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the 25-Item Hikikomori Questionnaire for Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610408. [PMID: 36012042 PMCID: PMC9408307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hikikomori is a form of social withdrawal that is commonly described as having an onset during adolescence, a life stage when other psychiatric problems can also emerge. This study aimed to adapt the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) for the Italian adolescent population, examining its psychometric properties; associations between hikikomori and psychoticism, depression, anxiety, problematic internet use (PIU), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), to confirm convergent validity of the HQ-25; and the interaction effect between symptoms of hikikomori and PIU in predicting PLEs. Two-hundred and twenty-one adolescents participated in the study. Measures included the HQ-25, the Psychoticism subscale of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Depression and Anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Internet Disorder Scale, and the Brief Prodromal Questionnaire. Data showed a satisfactory fit for a three-factor model for the HQ-25 that is consistent with the original study on the HQ-25. Three factors (socialization, isolation, and emotional support) were associated with psychopathology measures. Six participants reported lifetime history of hikikomori. Symptoms of hikikomori and PIU did not interact in predicting PLEs. This is the first study to validate the HQ-25 in a population of adolescents. Findings provide initial evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of the Italian version of the HQ-25 for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alan Robert Teo
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Sun Y, Yang J, Li M, Liu T. The Association Between Neuroticism and Nomophobia: Chain Mediating Effect of Attachment and Loneliness. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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12
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The associations among psychological distress, stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic, and disinhibited eating of parents of three- to five-year-old children. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101654. [PMID: 35908518 PMCID: PMC9295320 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Individuals' psychological distress is associated with disinhibited eating (external and emotional eating). The aim of the current study was to examine the moderating associations of COVID-19-related stress on parents' psychological distress (anxiety, hostility, depression) and external and emotional eating. One hundred and sixty U.S. parents of three- to five-year-old children (Mage = 34.08, SD = 6.76; 89 females) completed an online survey. After accounting for participant characteristics (i.e., age, BMI, sex), regression analyses showed that COVID-19 stress moderated the effects of anxiety, hostility, and depression on external eating. Additionally, findings showed that COVID-19 stress moderated hostility (but not anxiety or depression) on emotional eating. These findings suggest that unexpected stressors from the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate disinhibited eating among those individuals who experience psychological distress. This presents support for providing interventions that focus on healthy coping strategies and family well-being, support groups, and community resources (e.g., financial assistance) to alleviate external pressures during unprecedented times.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Nomophobia is considered a digital and virtual contemporary society disorder and refers to discomfort, anxiety, nervousness, or distress caused by being out of contact with a cell phone or computer. The present study had a twofold objective: to evaluate the expert use of the Internet among Italian nurses by correlating it with socio-demographic characteristics, such as: sex, years of work experience, professional role, and level of nursing education; and to assess a possible increase in the levels of nomophobia among Italian nurses during COVID-19 compared to the pre-pandemic period. (2) Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted from April to September 2020, such as during the First Wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. (3) Results: A total of 502 nurses were enrolled in the present study. Significantly differences were reported in the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) levels according to socio-demographic characteristics since males reported significantly higher IAT levels than females (p < 0.001). Nurses who worked more than 6 years reported significantly higher IAT levels (p = 0.031) than their younger colleagues. More nursing managers and coordinators reported significantly higher IAT levels than registered nurses (p < 0.001). This trend was repeated by considering the nursing educational level, as nurses who recorded more years of nursing educational level reported significantly higher IAT levels than the others (p = 0.003). Additionally, significant differences were reported according to all the socio-demographic characteristics considered and IAT subdimensions, namely: Salience, Excessive Use, Neglect Work, Anticipation, and Lack of Control. (4) Conclusions: The study revealed higher levels of Internet addiction in men than in women during the COVID-19 pandemic period, as well as a significant correlation between nomophobia, years of work experience, and the role of nursing coordinator/manager.
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14
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Factors Affecting Multimodal Transport during COVID-19: A Thai Service Provider Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal transport is a critical component in developing the international trade economy, and logistics service providers are a critical component in multimodal transport. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected the transport system, especially in light of the ongoing rise in transportation costs which has increased firm operating costs. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely influenced the economic sector, resulting in decreased growth. This research aims to determine the priorities of the most important factors for developing and improving multimodal transport compared to pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 outbreak. This research consisted of two stages. The first stage used bibliometric analysis to define multimodal transport dimensions and criteria based on the previous and current literature studies on multimodal transport and used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the relationship between factors and multimodal transport. The second stage used the fuzzy best-worst method (FBW) combined benefit, opportunity, cost and risk (BOCR) to prioritize the improvement and development of multimodal transport during the COVID-19 crisis, which considers the perspective of logistics service providers in Thailand. These factors, when identified, would help policymakers design more efficient policies to improve and solve multimodal transport problems mainly caused by strict public health measures during COVID-19.
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15
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Joaquim RM, Pinto ALCB, Miranda DM, Guatimosim RF, de Paula JJ, Costa DS, Diaz AP, da Silva AG, Malloy-Diniz LF. Emotional Stability and Anxiety Symptoms Differentiates People Leaving the Home Usually During the Covid-19 Pandemic. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:114-120. [PMID: 35601244 PMCID: PMC9112989 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The population's adhesion to measures to ensure social distancing represents a great management challenge in a pandemic context. Despite of evidence shown that social distancing is effective, lack of adherence still persists in many countries. Therefore, it is challenging to separate the effectiveness of government measures, from social distancing driven by personal initiatives. Theory: It is possible that the output of protective behaviors, such as adherence to protective measures and staying in social isolation, is influenced by individual characteristics, such as personality traits or symptoms of mental distress of anxiogenic nature. We hypothesized that individuals with more expressive symptoms of fear or anxiety would have a more protective behavioral tendency in terms of risk exposure, leaving less home during the pandemic. In contrast, individuals with greater emotional stability, as they feel more secure and with a lower perception of risk, could go out more often. METHOD A total of 2709 individuals from all regions of Brazil participated in the study (mean age = 42 years; 2134 women). Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between personality traits according to the big five model and Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI). Then, correlation analysis was performed to investigate how people that go out often differ from people that stay at home, in both symptoms and personality traits. Finally, to investigate the predictors for going out usually, we use multiple regression analysis, using gender, marital status, level of education, and personality traits. RESULTS During the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, individuals with higher emotional stability tended to leave home more than those with more expressive levels of anxiogenic dysregulation. These results reinforce the role of both personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in prophylactic behavior during COVID-19 pandemics. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with greater emotional stability were more likely to leave home during the second wave of COVID-19 than those with higher levels of anxiogenic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M. Joaquim
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Corresponding author Rui Mateus Joaquim Post-Doctoral Researcher. Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - André L. C. B. Pinto
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Debora M. Miranda
- Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F. Guatimosim
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Fundação Mineira de Educação e Cultura, FUMEC, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Jonas J. de Paula
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danielle S. Costa
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antônio Geraldo da Silva
- School of Medicine, Porto University, Portugal;,Brazilian Association of Psychiatry, ABP, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Associate Professor Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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16
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Lobermeier M, Staples AD, Peterson C, Huth-Bocks AC, Warschausky S, Taylor HG, Brooks J, Lukomski A, Lajiness-O'Neill R. Cumulative risk, infant sleep, and infant social-emotional development. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 67:101713. [PMID: 35339929 PMCID: PMC9526438 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cumulative biological, psychosocial, and demographic risk and infant sleep on infant social-emotional functioning in 12-month-old infants (46% female) was examined in data from racially (30% Black, 60% White, 10% multiracial/other) and socioeconomically (41% below median income) diverse caregivers (N = 468, M = 30.42 years old, SD = 5.65) recruited from two midwestern states in 2019-2020. Due to the major changes in sleep patterns during infancy and the reported association between sleep and social-emotional functioning, this study also examined whether sleep moderates the association between risk and infant social-emotional functioning and potentially promotes healthy social-emotional functioning despite risk. Greater cumulative risk was associated with poorer sleep efficiency and more social-emotional problems, but was not associated with the general acquisition of social-emotional milestones. Results also suggested that poorer sleep efficiency was associated with more social-emotional problems and poorer social-emotional milestone acquisition. No significant interaction effects were found between cumulative risk and infant sleep. Risk and sleep appear to have unique associations with infant social-emotional problems and development; thus both could be targeted in early intervention to promote social-emotional functioning during infancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela D Staples
- Eastern Michigan University, Department of Psychology, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Peterson
- Eastern Michigan University, Department of Psychology, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Alissa C Huth-Bocks
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Pediatrics, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Seth Warschausky
- University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute and The Ohio State University, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Judith Brooks
- Eastern Michigan University, School of Health Sciences, Dietetics and Human Nutrition Programs, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Angela Lukomski
- Eastern Michigan University, School of Nursing, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Renée Lajiness-O'Neill
- Eastern Michigan University, Department of Psychology, Ypsilanti, MI, USA; University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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17
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Schanz CG, Equit M, Schäfer SK, Michael T. Self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour as an essential component of depression: findings from two cross-sectional observational studies. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:200. [PMID: 35303807 PMCID: PMC8933131 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The self-control model of depression suggests depressive symptoms to derive from distorted self-monitoring, dysfunctional self-evaluation and reduced self-reward as well as increased self-punishment. Building on this model a relationship between self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour, that is, harmful inactivity, and depression has been assumed. This association has been supported by a recent study in an inpatient sample. However, it remains unclear if patients with depressive disorders report more self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour than patients without depressive disorders and if self-directed passive aggression mediates the associations between distorted self-monitoring and dysfunctional self-evaluation with depressive symptoms. METHODS Study 1 compared self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour levels between 220 psychotherapy outpatients with (n = 140; 67.9% female; Mage = 40.0) and without (n = 80; 65.0% female; Mage = 36.2) depressive disorders. Diagnoses were made based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Study 2 examined self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour as a mediator of the relationship between distorted self-monitoring and dysfunctional self-evaluation and self-reported depressive symptoms in 200 undergraduate Psychology students. RESULTS Compared to outpatients without depressive disorders, outpatients with depressive disorder reported significantly more self-directed passive aggression (d = 0.51). Furthermore, Study 2 verified self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour as a partial mediator of the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes (abcs = .22, 95%-CI: .14, .31), attributional style (abcs = .20, 95%-CI: .13, .27), ruminative response style (abcs = .15, 95%-CI: .09, .21) and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour partially mediates the association between distorted self-monitoring and dysfunctional self-evaluation with depressive symptoms. Future longitudinal studies need to examine a potential causal relationship that would form a base to include interventions targeting self-directed passive-aggressive behaviour in prevention and treatment of depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION Both studies were preregistered at the German Clinical Trials Register ( DRKS00014005 and DRKS00019020 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Schanz
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - M. Equit
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - S. K. Schäfer
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - T. Michael
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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18
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Massullo C, Imperatori C, De Vico Fallani F, Ardito RB, Adenzato M, Palmiero L, Carbone GA, Farina B. Decreased brain network global efficiency after attachment memories retrieval in individuals with unresolved/disorganized attachment-related state of mind. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4725. [PMID: 35304536 PMCID: PMC8933467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to examine how brain network metrics change after retrieval of attachment memories in individuals with unresolved/disorganized (U/D) attachment-related state of mind and those with organized/resolved (O/R) state of mind. We focused on three main network metrics associated with integration and segregation: global (Eglob) efficiency for the first function, local (Eloc) efficiency and modularity for the second. We also examined assortativity and centrality metrics. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were performed before and after the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in a sample of 50 individuals previously assessed for parenting quality. Functional connectivity matrices were constructed by means of the exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA) software and then imported into MATLAB to compute brain network metrics. Compared to individuals with O/R attachment-related state of mind, those with U/D show a significant decrease in beta Eglob after AAI. No statistically significant difference among groups emerged in Eloc and modularity metrics after AAI, neither in assortativity nor in betweenness centrality. These results may help to better understand the neurophysiological patterns underlying the disintegrative effects of retrieving traumatic attachment memories in individuals with disorganized state of mind in relation to attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita B Ardito
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Mauro Adenzato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigia Palmiero
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessio Carbone
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Evaluating the Factor Structure of the Emotion Dysregulation Scale-Short (EDS-s): A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010418. [PMID: 35010680 PMCID: PMC8744789 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation (ED) can be considered a psychopathological transdiagnostic dimension, the presence of which should be reliably screened in clinical settings. The aim of the current study was to validate the Italian version of the Emotion Dysregulation Scale-short (EDS-s), a brief self-report tool assessing emotion dysregulation, in a non-clinical sample of 1087 adults (768 women and 319 men). We also assessed its convergent validity with scales measuring binge eating and general psychopathology. Structural equation modeling suggested the fit of a one-factor model refined with correlations between the errors of three pairs of items (χ2 = 255.56, df = 51, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.04). The EDS-s demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (ordinal alpha = 0.94). Moreover, EDS-s scores partly explained the variance of both binge eating (0.35, p < 0.001) and general psychopathology (0.60, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EDS-s can be considered to be a reliable and valid measure of ED.
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20
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Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Marciano H, Adini B. Components of Unrealistic Optimism of College Students: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:763581. [PMID: 34966325 PMCID: PMC8711557 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
College students are among the most strongly affected populations by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of uncertainty regarding academic success, future careers, and social life during their study period. Their mental health and behavior may dramatically be impacted. The study examined an unrealistic optimism of Israeli college students in assessing the health, security, and economic risks during the pandemic, and the contributions of these perceived risks to the prediction of psychological coping responses, such as well-being, and coping suppressing response of anxiety, expressed during this pandemic. Using social networks, a questionnaire was disseminated to students during the third lockdown that was implemented in Israel because of the pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived threats, resilience, well-being, hope, and morale were measured using a structured quantitative questionnaire. First, we hypothesized that the three perceived risks would be inversely rated, so perceived health risk would be rated lowest, and perceived economic risk would be rated highest. The second and third hypotheses claimed that psychological coping responses articulated along this pandemic would be predicted by all these perceived risks, as well as the observance of pandemic precaution rules. The fourth hypothesis suggested that the three investigated perceived risks will positively and significantly correlate with each other. The results generally supported the hypotheses and indicated that the unrealistic optimism process was employed quite consistently by the participating students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanan Eshel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), The Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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21
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Joaquim RM, Pinto AL, Guatimosim RF, de Paula JJ, Souza Costa D, Diaz AP, da Silva AG, Pinheiro MI, Serpa AL, Miranda DM, Malloy-Diniz LF. Bereavement and psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemics: The impact of death experience on mental health. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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22
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Kazem AM, Emam MM, Alrajhi MN, Aldhafri SS, AlBarashdi HS, Al-Rashdi BA. Nomophobia in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: the Development and Validation of a New Interactive Electronic Nomophobia Test. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7951125 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The widely spread dependence on smartphones by children, adolescents, and adults has shoved researchers to assess its impact on the wellbeing of individuals. Nomophobia, the fear of being out of cellular contact, was typically assessed by self-report measures or proxy measures in adolescents and older adults. The goal of the current study was to examine nomophobia in late childhood and adolescence using scenario-based vignettes that are interactively presented and mediated by computers. To fulfill this goal, the Interactive Electronic Nomophobia Test (IENT), comprising of five scenario-based vignettes, was developed and administered to 1211 students aged between 10 and 18 years and enrolled in grades 5–12. The IENT psychometric properties were examined using a series of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Additionally, the study examined the clustering nomophobia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of Omani students and explored the association of these Nomophobia symptoms with both students’ grade and gender. Results of the study provided evidence of the four-pronged structure of the IENT, and an overall all composite nomophobia score, with strong associations found among the subscales, and between each of the four subscales and Nomophobia composite score. Invariance tests found significantly different model results by gender in all cases. Finally, cluster analysis revealed two to three clusters, with significant associations between gender, class, and cluster type. Implications of the study are discussed in view of previous literature on the assessment of nomophobia and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi Kazem
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud Mohammed Emam
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Said Sulaiman Aldhafri
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O.Box: 32, Al-Khod, P.C.: 123 Muscat, Oman
- Research Council, Muscat, Oman
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23
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The Prevalence of Nomophobia by Population and by Research Tool: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. PSYCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psych3020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been performed to examine the global prevalence of nomophobia by population, by instrument. Thus, this review was performed to estimate the prevalence of nomophobia by severity. Methods: American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cochrane, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception of each respective database to second week of January 2021 were used. There was no language restriction. The random-effect meta-analysis model was used with the DerSimonian and Laird methodology was used for computation. Results: Twenty papers, involving 12,462 participants from ten countries, were evaluated for meta-analysis. The prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia is 70.76% [95% CI 62.62%; 77.75%]. The prevalence of severe nomophobia is 20.81% [95% CI 15.45%; 27.43%]. University students appeared to be the highest group affected with a prevalence of severe nomophobia 25.46% [95% CI 18.49%; 33.98%]. Meta-regressions of severe nomophobia showed that age and sex were not a successful predictor of severe nomophobia β = −0.9732, p = 0.2672 and β = −0.9732, p = 0.4986. Conclusions: The prevalence of severe nomophobia is approximately 21% in the general adult population. University students appeared to be the most impacted by the disorder.
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24
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Carbone GA, Zarfati A, Nicoli MS, Paulis A, Tourjansky G, Valenti G, Valenti EM, Massullo C, Farina B, Imperatori C. Online psychological counselling during lockdown reduces anxiety symptoms and negative affect: Insights from Italian framework. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:367-372. [PMID: 33950537 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown how COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the consequent isolation and quarantine measures could affect physical and mental well-being. Therefore, the increased request for support and assistance represents a critical challenge for clinicians requiring a reorganization of care systems. In this regard, online counselling has been identified as a useful tool in providing psychological assistance and support. Thus, the main purpose of the current study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of a single online counselling session in reducing psychopathological symptoms (i.e., state anxiety and negative affect) and increasing individual well-being and positive affect during the first Italian lockdown. Fifty-three subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive an online counselling session [Online Counselling Group (OCG) = 26] or to act as controls [Waiting List Group (WLG) = 27]. In the post-assessment, compared to WLG, the OCG showed a significant decrease in negative affect (18.04 ± 6.30 vs. 30.26 ± 8.61; F1:47 = 29.45; p < .001; dppc2 = .92) and state anxiety (36.65 ± 8.35 vs. 48.04 ± 11.51; F1:47 = 17.86; p < .001; dppc2 = .49). Taking into account the cyclical nature of COVID-19, with the possibility of new peaks and waves, it would be appropriate to consider the versatility and usefulness of online psychological counselling in the management of COVID-19-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alessio Carbone
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulia Valenti
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Massullo
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Janet Clinical Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Landa-Blanco M, Landa-Blanco A, Mejía-Suazo CJ, Martínez-Martínez CA. Coronavirus Awareness and Mental Health: Clinical Symptoms and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help. Front Psychol 2021; 12:549644. [PMID: 33967872 PMCID: PMC8100327 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.549644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study analyzed the relationship between Coronavirus (COVID-19) Awareness, mental health, and willingness to seek professional psychological help. This was made through a quantitative approach, using online questionnaires to collect data from 855 subjects. The questionnaires included the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53) to measure mental health indicators, the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form, and the Coronavirus Awareness Scale-10 (CAS-10). An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggests that three factors underlie the CAS-10: Coronavirus Concern, Exaggerated Perception, and Immunity Perception. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between Coronavirus Concern and both general anxiety and phobic anxiety symptoms. Immunity Perception is positively related to paranoid ideation and psychotic symptoms. A Mediation Analysis determined that Coronavirus Concern has a significant positive direct effect on Openness to Seeking Psychological Treatment (OSPT), while Exaggerated Perception and Immunity Perception scores have significant direct negative effects on the Value and Need in Seeking Treatment (VNST) scores. Indirectly, the relationship between Coronavirus Concern and OPST is significantly mediated by anxiety symptoms. Similar results were found for the VNST subscale. There is a negative significant effect of Immunity Perception over OSPT mediated by Paranoid Ideation. However, the overall model only achieved small r 2 coefficients for the OSPT (0.060) and VNST (0.095) scores. Comparisons in Coronavirus Awareness between sex, age, and the presence of children and older adults at home were also made. These results are discussed regarding their practical implications for mental health providers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Landa-Blanco
- Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Ana Landa-Blanco
- Social and Economic Research, Faculty of Economy and Management, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Claudio J. Mejía-Suazo
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Işcan G, Yildirim Baş F, Özcan Y, Özdoğanci C. Relationship between "nomophobia" and material addiction "cigarette" and factors affecting them. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13816. [PMID: 33159821 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since technological devices used for communication affect communication between people, nomophobia is a disorder of a new age. In this study, we discuss the relationship between nomophobia and smoking addiction and the factors affecting them. The Demographic Information Form and Nomophobia Scale (NMP-Q), ıf they were smoking we applied The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) Scales were directed among students (n = 641) at Süleyman Demirel University studying Medicine, Dental, Nursing and Physiotherapy departments in the 1st and 4th grades. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the scores of the variables with more groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the NMP-Q and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale scores by Spearman correlation. Bonferroni test applied as Post Hoc test for multiple comparisons of groups. In our study, 267 (42.6%) of participants who had nomophobia refuse to be dependent and smartphone addiction level was found to be 99.69 for all students. Responses were received from 73.2% (n = 469) female and 26.8% (n = 172) male participants. There is no significant difference between smokers in terms of factors in nomophobia (P > .05). The total score of the questionnaire (P < .01*) by gender and averages scores of women were higher in all mentioned sub-dimensions and total scores. In our study, there was no correlation between nomophobia and cigarette addiction because of the low number of smokers participating in our survey. Therefore, new conflicts with wider audiences are needed to examine the relationship between these two addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökce Işcan
- Department of Family Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Funda Yildirim Baş
- Department of Family Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Özcan
- Department of Family Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Canan Özdoğanci
- Department of Family Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Serpa ALDO, Costa DS, Ferreira CDMC, Pinheiro MIC, Diaz AP, de Paula JJ, Miranda DM, da Silva AG, Malloy-Diniz LF. Psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory support the hypothesis of a general psychopathological factor. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021; 44:e20210207. [PMID: 33760429 PMCID: PMC9972890 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The existence of a general factor related to psychiatric symptoms is supported by studies using a variety of methods in both clinical and non-clinical samples. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the replicability of the internal structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory in a large Brazilian sample. METHODS Participants were 6,427 Brazilian subjects (81% female). Mean age was 42.1 years (standard deviation [SD] = 13.6, Min = 13, Max = 80). All participants completed the online version of the Brief Symptom Inventory. This scale presents a general score (GSI) and nine specific clusters of symptoms (depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, interpersonal sensibility, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, obsessive-compulsive behavior, hostility, and somatization symptoms). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the BSI. The results showed that the best-fitting model was a bifactor solution and the general factor was the main dimension explaining most of the reliable variability in the data. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the BSI's internal structure was replicated in a non-clinical sample and that the general factor is the most reliable score. However, it is necessary to better understand the meaning of the general factor scores in a non-clinical sample to increase interpretability of scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa
- Laboratório de Neurociências Cognitiva e SocialUniversidade Presbiteriana MackenzieSão PauloSPBrazilLaboratório de Neurociências Cognitiva e Social, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,MetacognitivSão PauloSPBrazilMetacognitiv, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Souza Costa
- Laboratório de NeurociênciasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilLaboratório de Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Mayra Isabel C. Pinheiro
- SGTESMinistério da SaúdeBrasíliaDFBrazil Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES), Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Paim Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jonas Jardim de Paula
- MetacognitivSão PauloSPBrazilMetacognitiv, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de PsicologiaFaculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilDepartamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Debora Marques Miranda
- Departamento de PediatriaFaculdade de MedicinaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrazilDepartamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Geraldo da Silva
- Associação Brasileira de PsiquiatriaRio de JaneiroRJBrazilAssociação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade do PortoPortoPortugalUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz
- Universidade FUMECBelo HorizonteMGBrazilUniversidade FUMEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Saúde MentalFaculdade de MedicinaUFMGBelo HorizonteMGBrazilDepartamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, Hinojo-Lucena FJ, Trujillo-Torres JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia and the influence of time to REST among nursing students. A descriptive, correlational and predictive research. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 52:103025. [PMID: 33865072 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of the smartphone in society has brought many advantages, but also disadvantages, such as nomophobia, considered as a digital disease generated by the excessive use of the smartphone. The general objective of the research is to know and analyse the prevalence of nomophobia among nursing students and knowing the influence of time to rest. The research design is descriptive, correlational, transversal and predictive with a quantitative research methodology. The sample consist of nursing students from the University of Granada (N = 880) in Spain. A descriptive analysis has been carried out, as well as a bivariate correlation of Pearson, the student T test and a multiple linear regression. The results show an average level of nomophobia among nursing students. Although the students can recognize that the use of the smartphone can reduce their rest period, mainly focused on the hours they spend sleeping, there is no significant relationship between the two facts, confirming also that the levels of nomophobia are significantly more related in those who claim not to have problems in their rest due to the use of the mobile phone. A large percentage of them claim to rest less time due to excessive use of their smartphone.
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Kuscu TD, Gumustas F, Rodopman Arman A, Goksu M. The relationship between nomophobia and psychiatric symptoms in adolescents. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:56-61. [PMID: 32940094 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1819334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to find out whether nomophobia levels are higher in adolescents with internalising or externalising disorders than healthy adolescents and to investigate the correlation of nomophobia levels with externalising and internalising symptoms. METHODS K-SADS (Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) was applied to 139 adolescents (ages 13-18) and they were asked to fill No Mobile Phone Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), while the parents were asked to complete Conners Parent Rating Scale-48 (CPRS-48). RESULTS There were no significant differences in nomophobia total scores between the three study groups. However, losing connectedness (LC) and not being able to access information (NAI) subscores were significantly higher in group with internalising disorder than healthy controls and there was no significant difference between group with externalising disorder and healthy group. Separation anxiety, social phobia, total anxiety, depression, hyperactivity and oppositional problems positively correlated with nomophobia total score. Conduct problems correlated with only LC. Total anxiety and hyperactivity predicted nomophobia total score. CONCLUSIONS Since anxiety and hyperactivity were predictors of nomophobia according to the study, adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or anxiety disorder should be examined for nomophobia as well.Key pointsNomophobia levels of internalising and externalising disordered groups did not differ.Internalising group had higher scores in two sub-dimensions of nomophobia.All anxiety and depression symptoms correlated with nomophobia.Hyperactivity and oppositional symptoms correlated with nomophobia.Total anxiety and hyperactivity were predictors of nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Didem Kuscu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Istanbul Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital For Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Gumustas
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Rodopman Arman
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhsine Goksu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yılmaz T, Bekaroğlu E. Does interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation predict nomophobia: an analysis with a young adult sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:1026-1032. [PMID: 33649698 PMCID: PMC7904029 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nomophobia has been studied extensively due to its negative effects on human health and psychology. In terms of clinical psychology, nomophobia has been linked consistently to depression and anxiety. Studies also investigated whether it is a dependency, an impulse control problem, an obsession or a phobia; however, no clear clinical representation was confirmed. Although it was proposed to be added as an official diagnosis to DSM-5, these attempts were inconclusive. In this study, nomophobia was examined clinically by SCL-90 factors. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed by controlling anxiety, depression, phobia and obsessions by putting them in the first step. At the next step, paranoid ideation was entered while interpersonal sensitivity was introduced at the last step. The variables were assigned according to the steps according to their connections confirmed by the literature, the correlation coefficients and β weights obtained in the current study. The hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that after controlling anxiety, depression, phobia and obsessions, nomophobia is explained by interpersonal sensitivity. Paranoid ideation is also an important variable in step 2, but it lost its significance in the last step. Nevertheless, it was thought that what makes people sensitive to interpersonal issues is a kind of fear of missing out others’ experiences (FoMO) which is related to nomophobia. This fear of missing out might prepare people to constantly check on mobile phones thinking paranoid about what they might have been missing or deprived of. Clinical implications and limitations were discussed.
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Amendola S, Spensieri V, Hengartner MP, Cerutti R. Mental health of Italian adults during COVID‐19 pandemic. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:644-656. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amendola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Valentina Spensieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | | | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Italy
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Grassi L, Belvederi Murri M, Riba M, de Padova S, Bertelli T, Sabato S, Nanni MG, Caruso R, Ounalli H, Zerbinati L. Hostility in cancer patients as an underexplored facet of distress. Psychooncology 2020; 30:493-503. [PMID: 33205480 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to assess hostility and to examine its association with formal psychiatric diagnosis, coping, cancer worries, and quality of life in cancer patients. METHODS The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to make an ICD-10 (International Classification of Disease) psychiatric diagnosis was applied to 516 cancer outpatients. The patients also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-53 to assess hostility (BSI-HOS), and the Mini-Mental Adjustment to cancer scale (Mini-MAC). A subset of patients completed the Cancer Worries Inventory (CWI), the Openness Scale, and the Quality of Life Index. RESULTS By analyzing the distribution of the responses 25% of the patients had moderate and 11% high levels of hostility, with about 20% being BSI-HOS "cases." Hostility was higher in patients with a formal ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis (mainly major depression, other depressive disorders, anxiety disorders) than patients without ICD-10 diagnosis. However, about 25% of ICD-10-non cases also had moderate-to-high hostility levels. Hostility was associated with Mini-MAC hopelessness and anxious preoccupation, poorer quality of life, worries (mainly problems sin interpersonal relationships), and inability to openly discuss these problems within the family. CONCLUSIONS Hostility and its components should be considered as dimensions to be more carefully explored in screening for distress in cancer clinical settings for its implications in negatively impacting on quality of life, coping and relationships with the family, and possibly the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University Unit of Hospital Psychiatry, S. Anna University Hospital and Ferarra Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University Unit of Hospital Psychiatry, S. Anna University Hospital and Ferarra Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michelle Riba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Psycho-oncology Program, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Silvia de Padova
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bertelli
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvana Sabato
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University Unit of Hospital Psychiatry, S. Anna University Hospital and Ferarra Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosangela Caruso
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University Unit of Hospital Psychiatry, S. Anna University Hospital and Ferarra Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Heifa Ounalli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Zerbinati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University Unit of Hospital Psychiatry, S. Anna University Hospital and Ferarra Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
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Kapitány-Fövény M, Urbán R, Varga G, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Szekely A, Paksi B, Kun B, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Demetrovics Z. The 21-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-21): An alternative three-factor model. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:225-246. [PMID: 32609636 PMCID: PMC8939423 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples. METHODS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765). RESULTS Analyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model. DISCUSSION The new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail: Tel.: +36 20 522 1850
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Kun
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, Aznar-Díaz I, Cáceres-Reche P, Rodríguez-García AM. Do Age, Gender and Poor Diet Influence the Higher Prevalence of Nomophobia among Young People? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3697. [PMID: 32456304 PMCID: PMC7277929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is generating the emergence of new pathologies such as nomophobia. The aim of this research was to analyze the prevalence of nomophobia among young people, as well as to check whether the level of nomophobia is higher in males or females and in those students who claim to have less healthy nutrition due to the use of their mobile phones. The research method was based on a correlational and predictive design with a quantitative methodology. The measurement tool used is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The participating sample was 1743 students between 12 and 20 years old from different educational stages of the Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain). The results show that highest rates of nomophobia were found in relation to the inability to communicate and contact others immediately. About gender, women have higher rates of nomophobia than men. In relation to age, no significant differences were found; thus, the problem may affect all ages equally. Finally, students who think that their smartphone use is detrimental to their good nutrition show higher levels on the scale provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio-Manuel Rodríguez-García
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.-J.M.-G.); (I.A.-D.); (P.C.-R.)
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Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López-Belmonte J, Romero-Rodríguez JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia: impact of cell phone use and time to rest among teacher students. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04084. [PMID: 32490259 PMCID: PMC7260290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomophobia is one of the modern pathologies that has been born as a consequence of the impact that portable technologies have had on society and the dependence generated among citizens, especially towards smartphones. This phobia manifests itself and is intensified by the loss of immediate access to information, to the network of contacts, as well as by the impossibility of contacting or being contacted by other people. All this ends up interfering with the development of the person's daily life (physical, physiological, psychological, social problems, among others). Although the research is in an incipient phase, the problem has not been studied with the teaching population, so we present a pioneering study with this group, the main objective being to analyze the prevalence of nomophobia in future teachers of Early Childhood and Primary Education, as well as to check the incidence of rest time in the levels of nomophobia. The study follows a descriptive, correlational, transversal and predictive design and a quantitative methodology. The standardized nomophobia questionnaire NMP-Q was used on a sample of n = 849 future teachers. The results show average levels of nomophobia in most of the variables. However, the higher levels of nervousness, fear or anxiety stand out due to the inability to communicate instantaneously. Also, a higher prevalence of the problem is observed in the sector of the sample that claims to sacrifice rest time due to the use of their mobile phone. Although these numbers are not alarming, we must take into account that in some variables the prevalence is slightly higher, making it necessary to make educational interventions in this regard and to promote education for the responsible and critical use of media and technologies.
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Subrata SA. A concept analysis of burn care in nursing. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:75-85. [PMID: 32319697 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn is a life-threatening injury that requires long-term treatment and concomitant hospital stay. Relevant clinical studies in burns have been accomplished and published in the literature. However, none of these studies reported the concept analysis of burn care in nursing. Therefore, analysing the concept of burn care acts as an imperative strategy to provide comprehensive management of burn injury. OBJECTIVE The study aims to describe the concept of burn care in nursing. METHOD Walker and Avant's method (2013) was used to achieve the objective of the study. FINDINGS A model of burn care in nursing was generated that consists of assessment and diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. In addition, the biopsychosocial model developed by George L. Engel (1977) was also integrated to examine how these aspects play a significant role in burn care. CONCLUSION Implementing the concept of burn care will improve the quality of nursing care, cosmetic outcomes and vice versa, reduce the comorbidities on burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumarno A Subrata
- Philosophy Program in Nursing, International and Collaborative Program with Foreign University Program, Mahidol University, Phaya Thai, Thailand.,Department of Nursing and Wound Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Magelang, Indonesia
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Rodríguez-García AM, Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López Belmonte J. Nomophobia: An Individual's Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone-A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E580. [PMID: 31963208 PMCID: PMC7013598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the current literature focused on nomophobia (objectives, methodological design, main variables, sample details, and measurement methods) in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial sample consisted of 142 articles, of which 42 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The findings show that the current research is in an exploratory phase, with a greater predominance of descriptive, nonexperimental, and cross-sectional studies that explore the prevalence of nomophobia mainly in adolescents and university students. The most widely used measurement instrument is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) proposed by Yildrim and Correia. In addition, the research suggests that nomophobia negatively affects personality, self-esteem, anxiety, stress, academic performance, and other physical and mental health problems. We are therefore faced with a health problem, which negatively affects a person, causing psychological problems and physical and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús López Belmonte
- Department of Didactics and School Organization, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.-M.R.-G.); (A.-J.M.-G.)
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