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Onyper S. Videoconferencing During the COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated with Sleep Disruption in Young Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:1583-1599. [PMID: 39380611 PMCID: PMC11460348 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s478359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a shift to working and learning from home and a concomitant rise in the use of virtual communication technology, such as videoconferencing. The current study prospectively examined the association between videoconferencing and sleep in a sample of young adults attending a university during the pandemic. The effects of videoconferencing on health and wellness outcomes and academic performance were also evaluated. Patients and Methods Participants completed the core Consensus Sleep Diary and reported engagement in videoconferencing, the use of electronic devices, and physical activity daily for 8 consecutive days. They also completed baseline measures of sleep, communication technology use, physical activity, and mental distress, as well as released their end-of-term GPA. Results were evaluated via multilevel modeling and path analysis. Results Participants with a heavier videocall volume lost 17 m of sleep and suffered nearly a 1% reduction in sleep efficiency for each additional hour of videoconferencing compared to those with a lower call volume. They also tended to spend more time awake during the night, have earlier sleep midpoints, and report worse sleep, although those trends did not reach statistical significance. For everyone, including individuals with lower videocall volume, earlier sleep midpoints, lower sleep quality, somewhat shorter sleep, and higher fatigue were reported on days with a relatively high videocall load compared to days with a low videocall load. Increased academic engagement with videoconferencing predicted lower academic performance and higher psychological distress: Both relationships were mediated by sleep. Use of videoconferencing for personal reasons, however, was directly associated with a reduction in distress. Conclusion Videoconferencing is an important determinant of sleep and may impact health and wellness as well as academic outcomes in young adults. The effects of virtual communication on sleep and human behavior warrant further study in this and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Onyper
- Department of Psychology, St Lawrence University, Canton, NY, USA
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2
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Gou M, Li L, Wang X, Yuan P, Li S, Wei Y, Zhou G. Risk Perception and Maternal Prenatal Depressive Symptoms in the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Role of Negative Emotions and Family Sense of Coherence. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1631-1640. [PMID: 38856799 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal depression is associated with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and their children. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has presented new risks and challenges for expectant mothers. The aims of the study were to investigate the underlying mechanism between COVID-19 risk perception of Chinese pregnant women and their prenatal depressive symptoms and potential protective factors such as family sense of coherence (FSOC). METHOD A total of 181 Chinese pregnant women (Mage = 31.40 years, SD = 3.67, ranged from 23 to 43) participated in an online survey from April 22 to May 16, 2020. Risk perception and negative emotions (fear and anxiety) related with COVID-19, FSOC, and prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed. RESULTS The experience of maternal COVID-19 related negative emotion fully mediated the positive relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and prenatal depressive symptoms of pregnant women (β = 0.12, 95% CI [0.06, 0.19]). When confronting COVID-19 related fear and anxiety, expectant mothers from higher coherent families experienced a significantly lower level of prenatal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Contextual negative emotional experience was demonstrated to explain how risk perception impacts depressive symptoms during severe public health crisis for pregnant women. FSOC may be a psychological resource protecting pregnant women from experiencing adverse psychological outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Gou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pengbo Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 Hua yuan north Road, Hai Dian district, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Kwon S. Preexisting Mental Disorders and Mental Distress During the Pandemic: The Roles of Stress, Risk Perception, and Loneliness. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4595482. [PMID: 39070631 PMCID: PMC11276009 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4595482/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented stressors on individuals globally, leading to significant mental health challenges. This study examines the relationship between perceived adversities experienced during the pandemic-such as stress, risk perception, and loneliness-and the mental health outcomes of individuals with a specific focus on those already grappling with mental disorders. Methods The study analyzed data from 8,259 adults who participated in surveys between waves 4 (April 2020) and 29 (June 2021) of the Understanding American Study. Participants self-reported their psychiatric diagnosis history and completed self-report measures of mental distress (PHQ-4), perceived stress, risk perception, and loneliness. Results Those with preexisting comorbid mental disorders reported higher levels of mental distress, COVID-19 risk perception, perceived stress as well as more days experiencing loneliness during the pandemic. Perceived adversities-stress, risk perception, and loneliness-were all positively associated with increased mental distress, indicating the risk factors for mental distress during the pandemic. Among these factors, loneliness was identified as the primary contributor, accounting for 30%-40% of the mental health gap between individuals with and without preexisting mental diagnoses. Also, the detrimental impact of these adversities was more pronounced for those with preexisting mental disorders. Conclusion The research highlights that those with preexisting mental disorders, particularly those with comorbidities, face an increased risk of experiencing mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings underscore the critical importance of providing targeted support and interventions specifically designed for this vulnerable population, with a particular focus on addressing loneliness.
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Dinhof C, Humer E, Haider K, Rabenstein R, Jesser A, Pieh C, Probst T, Gächter A. Comprehensive examination of support needs and mental well-being: a mixed-method study of the Austrian general population in times of crisis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345796. [PMID: 38813409 PMCID: PMC11133677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the recent years, the Austrian general population has faced a confluence of multiple crises. This study investigates the support wishes and mental health parameters of the Austrian general population aiming to comprehending the unmet needs and providing guidance for future psychosocial interventions and research endeavors. Methods 1,031 participants attended the online survey and one third (n = 332) wished for further support to improve mental well-being in April 2022. A total of 280 participants accompanied their support wish with written accounts. Participants' mental health status was evaluated using the PHQ-9 (depression), GAD-7 (anxiety), ISI (insomnia), PSS-10 (perceived stress), CAGE (alcohol abuse), WHO-5 (well-being), and the SCOFF (eating disorder) questionnaires. Data analysis employed a mixed-methods approach. Results The preeminent support wish identified was the need for professional mental support (29.3%), followed by communication (21.6%), other professional support except mental and medical support (13.9%). In line with these findings, participants expressing a support wish experienced increased mental health distress across all assessed parameters. Conclusion The findings indicate the presence of a vulnerable population within the Austrian general population, which may benefit from targeted support interventions. Consequently, this study contributes to the identification of unmet support needs among the Austrian populace during times of crisis, facilitating the development and enhancement of precisely tailored intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dinhof
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Haider
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Rafael Rabenstein
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Andrea Jesser
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Division of Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Afsaneh Gächter
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems), Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Acoba EF. Social support and mental health: the mediating role of perceived stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1330720. [PMID: 38449744 PMCID: PMC10915202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1330720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Social support has been associated with improved mental health; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to explore whether perceived stress mediate the relationship between social support and positive affect, anxiety, and depression. Drawing from Lazarus and Folkman's stress and coping theory, the study emphasized the influential role of social support in appraising stressful events. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online among 426 Filipino adults during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed measures including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the Positive Affect subscale of PANAS, and the Depression and Anxiety subscales of DASS-21. The hypotheses of the study were tested using mediation analysis. Consistent with the hypotheses, perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between family and significant other support with positive affect, anxiety, and depression. Family and significant other support decreased perceived stress, increasing positive affect, and decreasing anxiety and depression. On the other hand, perceived stress did not mediate the relationship between friend support and positive affect, anxiety, and depression. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn F. Acoba
- Psychology, Central Luzon State University, Munoz, Philippines
- Department of Psychology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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Griesi JM, Bernardes JM, Alonso M, Gómez-Salgado J, Ruiz-Frutos C, Fagundo-Rivera J, López-López D, Camacho-Vega JC, Dias A. Risk perception of healthcare workers in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25297. [PMID: 38352759 PMCID: PMC10861974 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To validate the items of the Emotional Impact Questionnaire coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) related to risk perception, estimating its degree, among healthcare workers in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, identifying possible associated factors.Methods: cross-sectional study in 1872 healthcare workers of Brazil. The population was characterized by sociodemographic and occupational information, knowledge about COVID-19, quality of information received, risk perception and preventive measures about the disease, and sense of coherence. Results Being divorced, having a chronic disease, spending more than 1 h per day getting informed about COVID-19, and always or almost always wearing a mask regardless of symptoms, as well as self-perception of health were associated with high-risk perception. An inverse association was found between risk perception, sense of coherence and not knowing if one has had occasional contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases. Conclusion Risk perception is influenced by emotions, experiences, and knowledge. Sense of coherence and resilience have a role in reducing risk perception. Understanding risk perception is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Muraguti Griesi
- Department of Public Health, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Bernardes
- Department of Public Health, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
- Public (Collective) Health Graduate Program, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Melissa Alonso
- Public (Collective) Health Graduate Program, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Graduate Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, 092301, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Graduate Program, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, 092301, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel López-López
- Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry. Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, 15403, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Camacho-Vega
- Department of Building Construction II, Higher Technical School of Building Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Adriano Dias
- Department of Public Health, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
- Public (Collective) Health Graduate Program, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
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Yang Z, Huang J, Kwan MP, Liu D. The interplay among individuals' distress, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion: A study using network analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293157. [PMID: 38236893 PMCID: PMC10796027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of social interactions through non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has been shown to effectively curb COVID-19 transmission. However, these control measures were often accompanied by changes in people's daily routines and constraints on their activity space, which could lead to mental distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study examined the interplay among individuals' anxiety, depression, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion. Taking Hong Kong as an example, an online survey (N = 376) was conducted to collect data from participants between March 14 to May 11, 2022. The data include respondents' self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, daily activities (e.g., smartphone use), perceptions of COVID-19 (e.g., the possibility of infecting COVID-19), and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Using network analysis, we found that excessive smartphone use, life disturbance by COVID-19, and a community with people getting along well with each other were significant factors associated with participants' anxiety and depression. Using critical path analysis, we observed that NPIs reduced human mobility, led to delayed bedtime, and increased smartphone use, which were associated with participants' mental distress. We also found that NPIs and COVID-19 were associated with people's perceptions of infection and the severity of COVID-19 and human mobility flexibility, which may further lead to mental distress. Our results also demonstrated that people with high education levels were vulnerable. These results provided important insights for designing appropriate interventions without generating deleterious impacts on people's mental health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuan Yang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Huang N, Liu X, Liu Q, Zhang J, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Guo J, Li X, Yang L. Does COVID-19 vaccination affect post-traumatic stress symptoms via risk perception? A large cross-sectional study among the Chinese population. Public Health 2024; 226:107-113. [PMID: 38052112 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although infection rates may increase after relaxation of the zero COVID strategy, the extensive vaccination campaign in China could potentially curb the spread of COVID-19, which may be associated with a low level of risk perception and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, the relationship between vaccination, risk perception and PTSS has not been studied extensively. This study aims to examine the associations between the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses, consistency in the type of each dose and time since vaccination with PTSS, and the mediating role of risk perception on such relationships in China. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional sampling with a self-report questionnaire was used to measure vaccination, PTSS and risk perception. METHODS The survey was conducted in Beijing, China, from 13 January to 9 February 2023. Linear regression analyses were conducted to test the relationship between vaccination, risk perception and PTSS. RESULTS The analysis included 55,803 individuals. In total, 72.86 % of participants received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Regression results indicated that people with two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine had a lower level of PTSS (β = -1.232, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: -1.930, -0.534) than those who had not received any doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Only the negative relationship between two-dose vaccination and PTSS was mediated by risk perception, while the negative relationship between the time since vaccination and PTSS was suppressed by risk perception. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that receiving the COVID-19 vaccine reduced PTSS by decreasing perceived risk. Vaccination time was negatively associated with PTSS, but this relationship was suppressed by risk perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of General Practice, Second Outpatient Section, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Z Zhu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - X Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - L Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Tesfaye Y, Alemu B, Soboka M, Girma S, Reinhard MA, Rek S, Adorjan K, Zhelyazkova A, Padberg F, Jobst A, Abera M. Mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Jimma town: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y. [PMID: 37715069 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to community wellbeing and mental health. However, quantifiable information on the extent of mental health problems and associated factors due to the pandemic is still lacking in low-income countries. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and their association with risk and resilience factors among residents of Jimma town in Southwestern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2021. Data were collected from 1196 adult Jimma town residents selected through multi-stage sampling. The following scales were used for the cross-sectional assessment of depressions, anxiety and stress and their associations: depression, anxiety, and stress-21(DASS-21), World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing, University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Childhood trauma questionnaire, and brief resilience scales. A pre-tested, interviewer-completed questionnaire was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Odds ratios consistent with 95% CI were used to report the presence of an association between risk and resilience factors and the outcome variable at a P-value < 0.05. Overall, 963 (80.53%) respondents had divergent DASS-21 score findings. Specifically, 27.68%, 31.52% and 21.32% experienced depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Higher DASS-21 scores were associated with the presence of one or more COVID-19 risk factors for anyone close to the participants (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27), feelings of stress/burden (β = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07-1.12), positive coping (β = 1.044, 95% CI 1.01-1.07), loneliness (β = 1.063, 95% CI 1.04-1.08), and childhood trauma (β = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). In contrast, lower DASS-21 scores were associated with beliefs about the necessity of solidarity-based behavior (β = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), resilience (β = 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97) and wellbeing (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.94). In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the study community were prevalent, and associated with numerous risk and resilience factors. Although causality cannot be inferred, these findings underscore the importance of strengthening mental health services and may guide COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Bezaye Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Girma
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matthias A Reinhard
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Zhelyazkova
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Klinikum der, Universität München LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Jobst
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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10
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Kaur N, Stephens C. An Examination of Coping Strategies that Moderated the Effects of COVID-19-Related Stress on Anxiety Among Older Adults in Aotearoa/NZ. J Aging Health 2023:8982643231199141. [PMID: 37655482 PMCID: PMC11287957 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231199141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: 1. To describe perceived stress and changes in anxiety and coping among older adults between 2018 and 2020. 2. To examine the moderating roles of social support, exercise, alcohol use, and smoking on the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety. Methods: Longitudinal data collected from 3275 participants (M = 68.1 years) as part of the NZ Health, Work, and Retirement study's 2018 and 2020 biennial surveys, were analyzed using hierarchical regression. Results: Older adults perceived COVID-19 as a low-level source of stress. Social support and alcohol use moderated the relationship between perceived mental stress and anxiety. At high-stress levels, only social support exerted a protective effect against the negative impact of stress on anxiety. Discussion: These findings support the general resilience of many older adults and highlight the effectiveness of coping strategies used by those groups who are more likely to be vulnerable to mental stress during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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11
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Han KM, Lee SM, Hong M, Kim SJ, Sohn S, Choi YK, Hyun J, Kim H, Lee JS, Lee SH, Lee YR, Paik JW. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Job Loss Impacts on Mental Health in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:730-739. [PMID: 37559449 PMCID: PMC10460973 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The economic hardship brought by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has caused mental health problems among people of different socioeconomic status (SES). As social support helps to buffer these problems, we investigated the association between job loss related to COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts; the differences in the effects according to SES; and the mediating effects of social support. METHODS The effects of COVID-19-related job loss on depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts among 1,364 people were investigated through semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the association between job loss and mental health status, and the moderating effects of income and educational levels. Moreover, the mediating effects of perceived social support on the association between job loss and depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts were analyzed. RESULTS COVID-19-related job loss increased the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts. Adults with lower income and education level were at higher risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts; perceived social support level had significant mediating effects on the association between job loss and depression/anxiety; and income level had significant moderating effects on this mediating pathway. CONCLUSION COVID-19-related job loss were likely to be significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes, especially among individuals with low income and education levels. As social support had buffering effects on such outcomes, related government policies in cooperation with the governance of communities and stakeholders must be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minha Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seok-Joo Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunju Sohn
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Hyun
- Department of Social Welfare, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeguk Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Abdul Aziz NA, Baharudin NS, Alias NA. Association between Stress and Social Support Perceived among Undergraduate Health Sciences Student. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:176-183. [PMID: 37425381 PMCID: PMC10325121 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A high level of perceived social support can lessen stress. However, the lack of knowledge on stress and perceived social support among students during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was explored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and perceived social support among undergraduate Health Sciences students. Methods A convenience sampling method was used in a cross-sectional study of 290 undergraduate Health Sciences students in public universities. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to measure the perception of stress, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to measure perceived social support from three sources, including family, friends and significant others. Results A statistically significant correlation was found between the stress level and the total score of the MSPSS (r = -0.432), perceived social support from family (r = -0.429), significant others (r = -0.328), and friends (r = -0.219, P < 0.001). Over three-quarters (73.4%) of the students have a moderate stress level (mean = 21.17, SD = 5.75). The highest social support perceived was from a family (mean = 5.21, SD = 1.48). Conclusion The study suggested that social support from family is the strongest for students to go through the stress of tough times. It also highlighted the need for attention to stress management among undergraduate students for healthy well-being. Future studies that involve other academic fields of study and qualitative research would give useful information on perceived social support among students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noor Amiera Alias
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Xiong X, Hu RX, Chen C, Ning W. Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1147530. [PMID: 37181904 PMCID: PMC10169736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 affects not only the physical health of individuals but also their mental health and different types of risk exposures are believed to have different effects on individual emotional distress. Objective This study explores the relationships between risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods This study is based on an online survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 1 to 10 February 2020, with a total of 2,993 Chinese respondents recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress. Results This study found that all types of risk exposures were significantly associated with emotional distress. Individuals with neighborhood infection, family member infection/close contact, and self-infection/close contact had higher levels of emotional distress (B = 0.551, 95% CI: -0.019, 1.121; B = 2.161, 95% CI: 1.067, 3.255; B = 3.240, 95% CI: 2.351, 4.129) than those without exposure. The highest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing self-infection/close contact, while the lowest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing neighborhood infection and the moderate levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing family member infection (Beta = 0.137; Beta = 0.073; Beta = 0.036). Notably, the disruption of life aggravated the effect of self-infection/close contact on emotional distress and family member infection/close contact on emotional distress (B = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.036, 0.398; B = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.393). More importantly, perceived controllability lowered the strength of the association between self-infection/close contact and emotional distress, as well as family member infection/close contact and emotional distress (B = -0.180, 95% CI: -0.362, 0.002; B = -0.187, 95% CI: -0.404, 0.030). Conclusion These findings shed light on mental health interventions for people exposed to or infected with COVID-19 near the beginning of the pandemic, particularly those who themselves had COVID or had family members with COVID-19 risk exposure, including being infected/having close contact with an infected person. We call for appropriate measures to screen out individuals or families whose lives were, or remain, more severely affected by COVID-19. We advocate providing individuals with material support and online mindfulness-based interventions to help them cope with the after-effects of COVID-19. It is also essential to enhance the public's perception of controllability with the help of online psychological intervention strategies, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction programs and mindfulness-oriented meditation training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xiong
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rita Xiaochen Hu
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ning
- School of Marxism, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, P. R. China
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14
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Xue S, Gu Q, Zhu K, Jiang J. Self-compassion buffers the impact of learned helplessness on adverse mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:285-291. [PMID: 36758873 PMCID: PMC9907794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Learned helplessness may be the underlying cause of poor mental health status among college students during the COVID-19 lockdown, and self-compassion as a positive psychological quality may influence the link between learned helplessness and mental health. METHODS A sample of 869 Chinese college students (443 male and 426 female), with a mean age of 20.03 (SD = 1.68), completed the Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and DASS-21. The moderating effect of self-compassion on the relationship between learned helplessness and anxiety, depression, and stress were calculated. RESULTS The interaction term between learned helplessness and self-compassion has a significant coefficient on anxiety, depression, and stress, pointing out self-compassion as a moderator of the association between learned helplessness and adverse mental health. LIMITATIONS In the absence of longitudinal data or experimental manipulations, cross-sectional methods cannot verify causal conclusions among the study variables. The analysing results are based only on self-reported data. DISCUSSION The present study contributes to a deeper understanding of how learned helplessness and self-compassion during COVID-19 contribute to adverse mental health. The findings suggest that adverse mental health during lockdown is significantly associated with learned helplessness and that self-compassion can buffer this effect, contributing to future psychotherapy and clinical research. Future studies should examine the relationship through a longitudinal design to sort out whether self-compassion is a protective factor against learned helplessness or a moderator of the effects of learned helplessness on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Xue
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qian Gu
- Liaocheng Fourth People's Hospital, 49 North Huayuan Road, Liaocheng 252002, China
| | - Kaixu Zhu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Liaocheng Fourth People's Hospital, 49 North Huayuan Road, Liaocheng 252002, China.
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15
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Alodhayani AA, Almutairi KM, Altasan Z, AlKhaldi G, Aljasser A. Impact of quarantine on sleep quality and psychological status in COVID-19 suspected cases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2023; 35:102529. [PMID: 36597487 PMCID: PMC9801693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate into mental health outcomes such as stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as sleep quality in suspected COVID-19 quarantined cases. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that used an online survey to target suspected COVID-19 cases in quarantine facilities. Data were collected on several aspects of participants' sociodemographic characteristics, sleep disturbance, and mental health status. Depression, anxiety, stress scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to measure both the psychological impact and mental health status. Results Of the 362 people who took the survey, 234 (64.6%) were men, and 148 were between the ages of 26-35. Poor sleep was found to be prevalent in 65% of study participants. The rates of individuals reporting severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 14.6%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. According to the findings, there were significant gender differences in depression and anxiety (p = 0.001). When compared to the other age groups, participants aged 26-35 reported the highest level of stress (p = 0.001). Being male [OR = -1.23, 95% CI (-2.75-1.95) P = 0.050], single [OR = 0.98, CI (0.15-4.20), P = 0.001], and a healthcare worker [OR = -2.20, 95% CI (-2.59-1.82), P = 0.001] were all associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion Approximately-one-third of quarantine COVID-19 patients had poor sleep quality with mild-moderate depression. Both anxiety and stress scales were prevalent in nearly half of the studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid M Almutairi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Altasan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah AlKhaldi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Wang Y, Ge F, Wang J, Yang H, Han X, Ying Z, Hu Y, Sun Y, Qu Y, Aspelund T, Hauksdóttir A, Zoega H, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Song H. Trends in incident diagnoses and drug prescriptions for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an 18-month follow-up study based on the UK Biobank. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 36653375 PMCID: PMC9849101 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Serious concerns have been raised about the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population psychological well-being. However, limited data exist on the long-term effects of the pandemic on incident psychiatric morbidities among individuals with varying exposure to the pandemic. Leveraging prospective data from the community-based UK Biobank cohort, we included 308,400 participants free of diagnosis of anxiety or depression, as well as 213,757 participants free of anxiolytics or antidepressants prescriptions, to explore the trends in incident diagnoses and drug prescriptions for anxiety and depression from 16 March 2020 to 31 August 2021, compared to the pre-pandemic period (i.e., 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019) and across populations with different exposure statuses (i.e., not tested for COVID-19, tested negative and tested positive). The age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by month which indicated an increase in incident diagnoses of anxiety or depression among individuals who were tested for COVID-19 (tested negative: SIR 3.05 [95% confidence interval 2.88-3.22]; tested positive: 2.03 [1.76-2.34]), especially during the first six months of the pandemic (i.e., March-September 2020). Similar increases were also observed for incident prescriptions of anxiolytics or antidepressants (tested negative: 1.56 [1.47-1.67]; tested positive: 1.41 [1.22-1.62]). In contrast, individuals not tested for COVID-19 had consistently lower incidence rates of both diagnoses of anxiety or depression (0.70 [0.67-0.72]) and prescriptions of respective psychotropic medications (0.70 [0.68-0.72]) during the pandemic period. These data suggest a distinct rise in health care needs for anxiety and depression among individuals tested for COVID-19, regardless of the test result, in contrast to a reduction in health care consumption for these disorders among individuals not tested for and, presumably, not directly exposed to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Fenfen Ge
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Junren Wang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Han
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiye Ying
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Hu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Helga Zoega
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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An S, Schulz PJ, Kang H. Perceived COVID-19 susceptibility and preventive behaviors: moderating effects of social support in Italy and South Korea. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 36597060 PMCID: PMC9808701 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic hit Italy much harder than South Korea. As a way of explaining the different impact in the two countries, this study examines the moderating role of social support on the relationship between perceived susceptibility and preventive behaviors in the two countries. METHODS Surveys were conducted in South Korea (n = 1396) and Italy (n = 487) of participants aged 50 to 89 years. RESULTS South Koreans felt higher levels of perceived social support than their Italian counterparts. As would be expected, greater perceived susceptibility was associated with increased preventive behavior. Furthermore, a significant three-way interaction effect was found for perceived susceptibility, social support, and country. For Italians, a person who feels him/herself highly susceptible will increase preventive behaviors, if there is a lot of social support. On the other hand, for South Koreans, those with a low level of susceptibility perform more preventive measures than people with a high level of susceptibility if there is a lot of social support. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into how cognitive factors, such as susceptibility and severity, as well as social and environmental factors can be taken into account, and the public be told the real risk and given behavioral guidelines when a pandemic is approaching. Given the critical role of social support as a coping mechanism in crisis situations, societies should mull over ways to increase emotional and instrumental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontae An
- Division of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
| | - Peter J. Schulz
- Division of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Kang
- Department of Politics and Communication Studies, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34430 South Korea
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18
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Piton M, Della Vecchia C, Mabire R, Alain T, Salcedo Robledo M, Charpentier N, Puppo C, Petit AS, Carpentier C, Perray M, Mabire X, Michels D, Préau M. Facteurs associés à la crainte de l’infection par la COVID-19 chez des personnes vivant avec le VIH. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2023; 34:771-781. [PMID: 37019790 DOI: 10.3917/spub.226.0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People living with HIV (PLHIV) who may have experienced biographical disruptions in their life trajectory may have a vulnerability to risk that differs from the general population, particularly in the context of an infectious health crisis. This study aimed to understand the factors associated with concerns about being infected with COVID-19 among PLHIV during the first period of the health crisis. METHODS This was an online cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic in France among a population of PLHIV. The recruitment was done via social networks and through various actors in the fight against HIV. The self-questionnaire was available from July 2020 to September 2020. RESULTS The ACOVIH study collected 249 responses, 202 men and 47 women, with a mean age of 46.6 ± 12.9 years. The most represented socio-professional categories were employees (n=73.29%), followed by managers, professionals and artists (n=59.24%). The PLHIV most worried about being infected by COVID-19 had a level of education lower than or equal to the baccalaureate, family difficulties related to HIV and a deterioration in the relationship of trust with the HIV medical team. CONCLUSION Feelings of anxiety can have a health and psychosocial impact on PLHIV. It is necessary to consider these negative factors by proposing adapted support and by carrying out preventive actions aiming in particular at improving the literacy of the PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Piton
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France
| | | | - Renaud Mabire
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France
| | - Tristan Alain
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Lyon – France. AIDES – Pantin – France
| | - Manuela Salcedo Robledo
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Lyon – France. AIDES – Pantin – France
| | - Nicolas Charpentier
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Lyon – France. Laboratoire de recherche communautaire Coalition – Pantin – France
| | - Costanza Puppo
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France
| | - Anne Sophie Petit
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France. Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Lyon – France
| | | | - Mathilde Perray
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France
| | - Xavier Mabire
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France. Institut de recherches sociologiques (IRS) – Université de Genève – Genève – Suisse
| | - David Michels
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Lyon – France. AIDES – Pantin – France
| | - Marie Préau
- Inserm U1296 Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement – Bron – France. Laboratoire PHASE – Université de Lausanne – Lausanne – Suisse
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Huang N, Yang F, Liu X, Bai Y, Guo J, Riem MME. The prevalences, changes, and related factors of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 135:105992. [PMID: 36549089 PMCID: PMC9755012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been extensive and drastic during the twenty-first century. The increasing phenomenon of child maltreatment during the pandemic is a significant public health concern. OBJECTIVE This study is the first systematic review to analyze and summarize the prevalence rates, risk factors, and protective factors related to child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase) were systematically searched. Some potential studies were also identified from the reference lists of previously included articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool and Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Quality Assessment Tool. RESULTS A total of 35 articles were included in the analysis, with 16 having prevalence information and 22 having factor information. Sixteen studies were conducted in the US, the other 17 studies were from 12 countries, and only two studies contained mixed countries. The prevalences of child maltreatment during the pandemic varied widely in different types and measurements. The pandemic rates of physical abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse were 0.1 %-71.2 %, and 4.9 %-61.8 %, 7.3 %-40 % and 1.4 %-19.5 %, respectively. There was a decline in allegations of child maltreatment and an increase in severe cases of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdown measures and their side effects were the main risk factors contributing to child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS This review calls for targeted measures to prevent child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and current and future lockdowns and more future replication studies conducted in countries other than the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yashuang Bai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Madelon M E Riem
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, the Netherlands; Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Liu Y, Liu L, Shi Z. Exposure, perceived risk, and psychological distress among general population during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan, China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1086155. [PMID: 37124272 PMCID: PMC10140419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1086155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic that has been going on since the end of 2019 impacts people on both the physical and psychological levels. However, the psychological status, especially its underlying psychosocial mechanisms among the general population in Wuhan, the earliest epicenter and hardest-hit city in China during the pandemic, has not been well investigated. This study aimed to examine the relationships between exposures, perceived risk, and psychological distress among the general population in Wuhan during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data were from a cross-sectional online survey conducted from 20 February to 4 March 2020. Final analyses included 4,234 Wuhan respondents. A 5-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist was adopted to assess respondents' psychological distress. Results It was found that nervousness, fear, and worry were the most common symptoms among Wuhan residents during the lockdown. Exposure within a close physical distance, exposure within the social network, and perceived risk are significantly positively related to respondents' psychological distress. Moreover, perceived risk mediated the effects of exposures on respondents' psychological condition. Discussion These findings conduce to identify the populations at higher risk of suffering psychological disturbance during the pandemic and are expected to inform the policymakers and mental health professionals to monitor and improve the perception of risk among the target population by appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- *Correspondence: Yujun Liu,
| | - Linping Liu
- Department of Sociology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhilei Shi
- Center for Population and Health Research, Faculty of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Zhilei Shi,
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21
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Galanis P, Katsiroumpa A, Sourtzi P, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, Kaitelidou D. Social Support Mediates the Relationship between COVID-19-Related Burnout and Booster Vaccination Willingness among Fully Vaccinated Nurses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:46. [PMID: 36679890 PMCID: PMC9861285 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 booster doses for high-risk groups such as nurses are necessary to reduce the impacts of the pandemic and promote public health. We examined the relationship between COVID-19-related burnout and booster vaccination willingness among nurses, and we assessed whether social support can buffer this relationship. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 963 fully vaccinated nurses working in healthcare settings in Greece. We used the multidimensional scale of perceived social support to measure social support and the COVID-19 burnout scale to measure COVID-19-related burnout. We measured vaccination willingness with a scale from 0 (extremely unlikely to take a booster dose) to 10 (extremely likely). Among nurses, 37.1% reported being very likely to be vaccinated, 34.4% reported being uncertain about their likelihood of vaccination, and 28.6% reported being very unlikely to be vaccinated with a booster dose. We found that COVID-19-related burnout reduced vaccination willingness, while social support functioned as a partial mediator of this relationship. In conclusion, nurses who experienced burnout were less likely to accept a booster dose. Furthermore, increasing nurses' social support reduced the negative effects of burnout, resulting in improved booster vaccination willingness. Immunization awareness programs should be implemented in order to address nurses' concerns and support booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Katsiroumpa
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayota Sourtzi
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Siskou
- Department of Tourism Studies, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Olympia Konstantakopoulou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Katsoulas
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Daphne Kaitelidou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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22
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Xin Z. Perceived social support and college student engagement: moderating effects of a grateful disposition on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediator. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:298. [PMID: 36503628 PMCID: PMC9743595 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has examined the role of support provided by the workplace in promoting employee engagement. This study aimed to extend this research to the academic environment by testing a proposed model of the relationship between perceived social support and student engagement and its underlying mechanisms, with the latter involving the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and a grateful disposition. METHODS A total of 622 Chinese college students were selected by convenience sampling. I adopted the Perceived Social Support Scale, Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire, and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student to collect their responses. The data were analyzed by using a moderated mediation model with SPSS and the Process 4.0 macro. RESULTS The results showed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs played a mediating role in the association between perceived social support and student engagement, while a grateful disposition played a moderating role. The moderating mediation model further revealed that this effect was more robust for students with a higher grateful disposition than for those with a lower level. CONCLUSION Perceived social support can significantly and positively predict student engagement through the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs. Students with a high grateful disposition benefit more than those with a low grateful disposition from using social support, as well as can use the received social support fully in order to meet their psychological needs and promote academic engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Xin
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Xue Qian Normal University, No. 101 Shenhe 2nd Road, Changan District, Xi'an, 710100, China.
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Lotzin A, Krause L, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Ardino V, Bondjers K, Böttche M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Mooren T, Sales L, Stevanovic A, Sveen J, Tsiskarishvili L, Zrnic Novakovic I, Schäfer I. Risk and protective factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic - findings from a pan-European study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2138099. [PMID: 38872598 PMCID: PMC9683042 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS N = 4,607 trauma-exposed adult participants were recruited from the general population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.The prevalence for probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 17.7%.We identified risk factors (e.g. poor health condition) and protective factors (e.g. social contact) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Josefin Sveen
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Irina Zrnic Novakovic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - ADJUST Study Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DISCUI, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Institute of Addiction Studies, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Rodrigues DL, Zoppolat G, Balzarini RN, B Slatcher R. Security motives and negative affective experiences during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health 2022; 37:1605-1625. [PMID: 35510649 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2067332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-regulation can help individuals cope during stressful events, but little is known about why and when this might occur. We examined if being more focused on prevention was linked to negative affective experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined possible underlying mechanisms for this association, and whether social support buffered it. DESIGN Pre-registered longitudinal study, with surveys every 2 weeks over one month (N = 1269). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Regulatory focus and worry for health (T1), adherence to self-isolation and preventive health behaviours (T2), negative affective experiences, positive affect, frequency of online interactions, and perceived social support (T3). RESULTS Prevention focus was associated with health worries at baseline and linked to greater adherence to preventive health behaviours (T2). Only adherence to self-isolation was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3). Exploratory analyses showed that prevention focus was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3), but only for participants with fewer online interactions with their family and less perceived social support from family and friends. CONCLUSIONS Prevention motives in threatening times can be a double-edged sword, with benefits for health behaviours and consequences for negative affective experiences. Having a strong social network during these times can alleviate these consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Rodrigues
- Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giulia Zoppolat
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Su N, Wang HP. The influence of students' sense of social connectedness on prosocial behavior in higher education institutions in Guangxi, China: A perspective of perceived teachers' character teaching behavior and social support. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1029315. [PMID: 36506956 PMCID: PMC9727397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1029315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the sense of social connectedness (SSC) and prosocial behavior (PB) of students in Guangxi higher education institutions in China and to further understand the factors influencing PB of higher education students. In this study, a total of 1,007 students were sampled from 8 Guangxi higher vocational schools through purposive sampling using questionnaires, of which 676 (67.1%) were male students and 331 (32.9%) were female students. This study further enriches self-determination theory by exploring the effects of teachers' character teaching behaviors and social support on PB, using the SSC as an intrinsic motivation. In addition, the results of the study revealed that SSC, perceived teacher character teaching behaviors and perceived social support (PSS) were positively related to students' PB. SSC affects PB not only directly, but also indirectly through the mediating role of perceived teacher character teaching behavior and perceived teacher support. Teacher character teaching behaviors and PSS also play a chain mediating role in the relationship between SSC and PB. Finally, this study provides strategies to optimize school character management for higher education students in order to meet their basic psychological needs and thus promote the production of PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanguang Su
- Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Architecture and Electrical Engineering, Hezhou University, Guangxi, China
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26
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Cheng K, Liao J. Coping with Coronavirus Pandemic: Risk Perception Predicts Life Optimism. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 24:351-371. [PMID: 36406048 PMCID: PMC9647752 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given that the coronavirus pandemic has become a severe concern worldwide, how can optimism be maintained during an outbreak of a collective pandemic? We propose that perceived control and negative affect could be potential explanatory factors for optimism in the face of a pandemic. In Study 1 (N = 599), through a large-scale cross-sectional design, we showed the indirect effect of risk perception on optimism through perceived control and negative affect with structural equation modeling. In Study 2 (N = 191), we manipulated perceived risk of the pandemic and determined that experiencing a high-risk pandemic psychologically led to decreased optimism. Finally, through Study 3 (N = 186) and Study 4 (N = 217), we revealed that the effect of risk perception on optimism can be extended to overall subjective well-being and confirmed the indirect effects via perceived control and negative affect. These findings indicate that risk perception can make a difference in one's life optimism during a high-risk pandemic. Moreover, perceived control and negative affect are notable intermediary variables. Measures that strengthen publicity and transparency regarding recovery rates should be taken to help reduce public perceptions of risk and promote an optimistic life attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jiangqun Liao
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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27
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Hengyotmark A, Kusoom W. Physical as Well as Psychological Distress and Coping with Situational Dilemmas Experienced by People Infected with COVID-19: A Mixed Method Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14657. [PMID: 36429368 PMCID: PMC9691110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused serious health problems that affected people around the globe. This study aims to understand the physical distress (PhyD), psychological distress (PsyD), and coping experiences among people infected with COVID-19, develop a grounded theory, and examine PhyD, PsyD, and coping among people infected with COVID-19. A sequential exploratory mixed methods strategy is employed. A qualitative procedure is based on a grounded theory; data collection includes observation and in-depth interviews with 25 participants, aged 18 years and above. The quantitative one included 180 participants. Content analysis was applied using the Strauss and Corbin method, and ATLAS.ti software. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and the independent t-test were used. Results: The six major themes, including (1) severity of COVID-19 symptoms, (2) death anxiety, (3) uncertainty, (4) barrier to healthcare access, (5) compliance and self-regulation coping (6) post-COVID-19 effects. PhyD, PsyD, and coping were all at a moderate level. The relationship between PhyD, PsyD, and coping was positive. The prevalence in post-COVID-19 effects was 70% (95% CI 63.3-76.4%). There were higher amounts in women than men. The most frequent residual symptoms were decreased activity tolerance (40%), fatigue (33.3%), anxiety and fear of abnormal lungs (33.3%), dyspnea (27.8%), allergy (24.4%), and lung impairment (22.2%). Moreover, the prevalence of more than two symptoms was 54% (95% CI 47.2-61.7%). This study considers that the healthcare providers should be concerned with sufficient healthcare services. Interventions are needed for supporting their recovery from COVID-19 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Hengyotmark
- Kuakarun Faculty of Nursing, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Wichitra Kusoom
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Bangkokthonburi University, Bangkok 10170, Thailand
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28
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Ren J, Zhang Z, Mei Y, Wang W, Sun Q, Wang M, Hui Z. Risk perception of COVID-19 among college students in China: Latent profile analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1041580. [PMID: 36408052 PMCID: PMC9674304 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1041580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of the new coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on people's mental and physical health. Meanwhile, people's perceptions of risk may influence their emotional states and preventative behavior during an epidemic. Previous research have revealed the diversity and uniqueness of risk perception, and college students may have a different perspective on risk perception. The objective of this study was to describe the subtypes of risk perception for COVID-19 among college students in China, identify the subtypes' traits, and investigate their affecting variables. Methods College students from 10 Chinese provinces participated in a cross-sectional study (n = 2,000) that from January 16 to 30, 2022. The latent profiles and influencing factors for risk perception were investigated using latent profile analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and multinomial logistical regression. Results The sample group of this survey was 1,946 students, and the response rate was 97.3%. The best model was suggested to consist of three profiles: "neutral risk perception" (20.3%), "perception seriously without susceptible" (52.8%), and "low risk perception" (26.9%). Risk perception of COVID-19 was positively associated with attention to negation information (r = 0.372, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.232, p < 0.01), and depression (r = 0.241, p < 0.01), and negatively associated with perceived social support (r = -0.151, p < 0.01). Logistic-regressions analyses mainly revealed that the risk perception of three profiles related to having chronic diseases (OR = 2.704, p < 0.01), medical major (OR = 0.595, p < 0.01; OR = 0.614, p < 0.05), without having COVID-19 confirmed cases around (OR = 0.539, p < 0.01), attention to negative information (OR = 1.073, p < 0.001; OR = 1.092, p < 0.001), and perceived social support (OR = 0.0.975, p < 0.01). Conclusions The level of risk perception for COVID-19 among Chinese college students was unsatisfactory, and the risk perception of COVID-19 had significant group characteristics and heterogeneity. Colleges and public health practitioners could have a theoretical and empirical basis to implement risk perception intervention efforts by identifying latent subgroups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ren
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenxiang Zhang
| | - Yongxia Mei
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenna Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Zhaozhao Hui
- College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
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29
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Wang J, Guo C, Lin T. Public Risk Perception Attribution Model and Governance Path in COVID-19: A Perspective Based on Risk Information. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:2097-2113. [PMID: 36386558 PMCID: PMC9653047 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s379426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk perception is a key factor influencing the public’s behavioral response to major public health events. The research on public risk perception promotes the emergency management system to adapt to the needs of modern development. This article is based on a risk information perspective, using the COVID-19 event as an example. From the micro and macro perspectives, the influencing factors of public risk perception in major public health events in China are extracted, and the attribution model and index system of public risk perception are established. Methods In this paper, the five-level Likert scale is used to collect and measure the risk perception variable questionnaire through the combination of online and offline methods (a total of 550 questionnaires, the overall Alpha coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.955, and the KMO test coefficient t=0.941), and through independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and other methods to draw relevant conclusions. Results The results showed that gender and age were significantly associated with risk perception (p<0.005), and education level was significantly negatively associated with risk perception (p <0 0.005). Risk information attention and risk perception were significantly positively correlated (p<0.005), media credibility was significantly positively correlated with risk perception (p<0.005), while risk information identification and media exposure had no significant interaction with risk perception (p=0.125, p=0.352). Conclusion Factors such as gender, age, education level, place of residence, media exposure, media credibility, risk information attention, and recognition lead to different levels of risk perception. This conclusion helps to provide a basis for relevant departments to conduct public risk management of major public health events based on differences in risk perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jing Wang, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Chuqing Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Lin
- School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Dong D, Feng Y, Qiao Z. Understanding cultural factors in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: when collectivism meets a tight culture. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 36196378 PMCID: PMC9523182 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing pathogen prevalence hypothesis suggests that collectivism can protect from epidemics and pandemics in terms of psychological well-being. However, studies exploring the protective mechanism induced when collectivism meets cultural tightness (the strength of social norms and tolerance for deviant behavior) are few. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of collectivism in detail considering loose and tight cultural contexts. The sample comprised 2001 Chinese participants (M age = 18.41 ± 2.388 years; 50.2% female). Moderated regression analyses indicated that more perceived risk of COVID-19 predicted severe mental health responses (i.e., depression and anxiety), collectivism moderated this positive relationship but individualism did not. Notably, the protective effect of collectivism is especially evident in tight cultures but ineffective in loose cultures. This study emphasized that the protective effects of collectivism on mental health during a pandemic should be considered within the framework of cultural tightness. This study's findings may advance knowledge about the relationship between cultural type and mental health during epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, No.39 South College Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhihong Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875 China
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31
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Development of College Students’ Resilience Scale. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8418279. [PMID: 36193324 PMCID: PMC9525765 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8418279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the dimensions of college students' resilience and compile a measuring tool for contemporary Chinese college students' resilience, semistructured interviews are conducted with 20 college students who have experienced adversity, and the initial dimension of college students' resilience is obtained. Based on the initial dimensions, the project is compiled to form the “College Students' Resilience Scale,” which is tested for 1374 college students, and four dimensions of the scale are obtained through exploratory factor analysis. The college students' resilience scale consists of 26 items with 4 dimensions, namely, “self-efficacy and adaptability,” “positive cognition,” “negative emotion adjustment ability,” and “perceived use of social support.” The self-made college students' resilience scale has good reliability and validity and is an effective measuring tool for college students' resilience.
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32
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Cui J, Cheung VHM, Huang W, Kan WS. Mental Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Women Receiving the Comprehensive Social Security Allowance in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10279. [PMID: 36011912 PMCID: PMC9407927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Welfare recipients were often considered the least deserving of COVID-related support. Despite the recent attention paid to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, few studies have explored the mental distress experienced by welfare recipients. This cross-sectional study on female Comprehensive Social Security Allowance recipients in Hong Kong aimed to explore their level of mental distress and its association with a range of risk factors specific to welfare recipients. Hence, 316 valid cases from a local community center responded to our online survey. We found that 52.3%, 23.4%, and 78% of the participants showed moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. A higher level of mental distress was associated with having a psychiatric diagnosis, poorer social, and greater concerns over disciplining children, the living environment, daily expenses and being infected by COVID-19. Unexpectedly, being married, having a permanent residence, and having a job were not significant protective factors for this group. The models explained 45.5%, 44.6%, and 52.5% of the overall variance in the level of depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.01), respectively. Our findings have important implications for supporting female welfare recipients during a public health crisis and may help frontline staff and professionals provide prompt assistance to this group in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Cui
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vanessa Hoi Mei Cheung
- Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wan Sang Kan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lee J, Lee SJ, Chang SM, Won S, Woo J, Kim BS. Association of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors With COVID-19-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Risk Group Among Medical Students. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:676-686. [PMID: 36059057 PMCID: PMC9441460 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several previous studies have reported the negative psychological impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on medical students worldwide. This study investigated the sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) risk among medical students in Daegu, a region that experienced a high concentration of infections. METHODS A total of 270 students completed the self-reported questionnaires including COVID-19 exposure, psychological measurement, and sociodemographic factors. We evaluated the COVID-19-related PTSD risk group using the Korean version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratio for the COVID-19-related PTSD risk group in sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. RESULTS The prevalence of the COVID-19-related PTSD risk group was 10.4% in medical students. Among sociodemographic factors, lower grades (specially, first-year medical students) and current smokers were associated with the COVID-19-related PTSD risk. Indirect exposure to COVID-19 was also associated with this risk. Meanwhile, having higher resilience, self-esteem, and social support were less likely to be associated with COVID-19-related PTSD risk. CONCLUSION This study suggested that it is necessary to develop a system for the screening and managing of COVID-19-related PTSD risk group among medical students, especially high-risk groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Man Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Cao H, Yang L, Yan C, Wang X, Ma Y. Risk perception and mental health among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:955093. [PMID: 35978842 PMCID: PMC9376247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.955093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, it has spread on a large scale around the world, seriously affecting people's physical and mental health. In China, almost all schools have postponed semesters, suspended offline classes, and implemented closed-off management, which has brought significant challenges to the study and life of college students. The study aimed to explore the relationship between risk perception, perceived stress, perceived control, and mental health among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,856 college students. The results showed that risk perception was positively correlated with mental health. After adding the mediating variable of perceived stress, risk perception still significantly predicted mental health. In addition, the interaction term of perceived stress and perceived control significantly negatively predicted mental health. Specifically, perceived stress significantly affected mental health in the low-perceived control group. In contrast, in the high-perceived control group, the predictive effect of perceived stress on mental health disappeared. The present study showed that perceived stress partially mediated the relationship between risk perception and mental health; perceived control moderated the relationship between perceived stress and mental health, and high perceived control could buffer the effect of perceived stress on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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Muslu L, Kolutek R, Fidan G. Experiences of COVID-19 survivors: A qualitative study based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 24:774-784. [PMID: 35899855 PMCID: PMC9353283 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the experiences of survivors of COVID‐19 in Turkey. The research questions and results are structured according to Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative research design. The phenomenological method was used to explore the experiences of survivors of COVID‐19. A total of 34 survivors of COVID‐19 were included in the study. Data were collected using semi‐structured and open‐ended questions online and via telephone interviews between February and March 2020. Data were evaluated using thematic analysis and descriptive analysis. Six main themes and twenty‐five sub‐themes were defined that describe the experiences of survivors of COVID‐19 regarding the illness: (a) Denial and adaptation, (b) Fear, (c) Feeling of hopelessness, (d) Preventions (e) Meaning attribution, and (f) Metaphors about COVID‐19. Information from this research may be used by healthcare professionals to develop new strategies for the care of survivors of COVID‐19. Moreover, it can be said that Watson’s Theory of Human Caring is suitable for monitoring the psychosocial development of patients with COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Muslu
- Public Health Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Kolutek
- Public Health Nursing, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Güldane Fidan
- Public Health Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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The Association between Risk Perception and Hesitancy toward the Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine among People Aged 60 Years and Older in China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071112. [PMID: 35891277 PMCID: PMC9317690 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the prevalence of the omicron variant and decreased immunity provided by vaccines, it is imperative to enhance resistance to COVID-19 in the old population. We planned to explore the hesitancy rate toward the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and the association between risk perception and the abovementioned rate among people aged 60 and older. Methods: This national cross-sectional study was conducted in mainland China from 25 May to 8 June 2022, targeting people who were 60 years old or above. Four dimensions were extracted from the Health Belief Model (HBM) to assess participants’ perceived risk levels, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and perceived benefit. An independent Chi-square test was used to compare the vaccine hesitancy rates among different groups stratified by characteristics. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations between risk perception and hesitancy rate. Results: Of 3321 participants, 17.2% (95% CI: 15.9–18.5%) were hesitant about booster shots of COVID-19 vaccines. Believing that they were ineligible for vaccination due to certain illnesses (38.3%), concern about vaccine safety (32.0%), believing the booster shots were unnecessary (33.1%), and their limitation on movements (28.0%) were the main reasons for vaccine hesitation. Adjusted by all the selected covariates, people with low perception level of susceptibility (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.00–1.92) and benefit (low: aOR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.01–5.45; moderate: aOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.75–2.85) were less likely to receiving the booster dose, and the same results were found in people with higher perceived barriers (moderate: aOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.13–3.35; high: aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.14–3.67). Our estimates were stable in all four models. Conclusions: In total, 17.2% of the people aged 60 years and older in China were hesitant about booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, and it was closely associated with a lower level of perceived susceptibility and benefit, as well as a higher level of perceived barriers. Concerns about contraindications, vaccine safety, and limited movements were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Targeted public health measure is a priority to improve the understanding of the elderly on their own susceptibility and vulnerability and clear the obstacles to vaccination.
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Yubonpunt P, Kunno J, Supawattanabodee B, Sumanasrethakul C, Wiriyasirivaj B. Prevalence of perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak at Bangkok metropolitan, Thailand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270924. [PMID: 35802655 PMCID: PMC9269378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Healthcare workers (HCW), who are crucial workforce, have experienced stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. They have been learning to fight against and support patients as much as possible. Thus, this study aims to account for the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreaks on the healthcare workers of medical school hospitals in terms of their perceived stress and coping styles.
Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August, 2021. 517 HCWs self-administered the online survey. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in Thai-version was used to examine the perceived stress symptoms. Brief-COPE score was used to determine the coping strategies. Independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariable regression analysis were utilized. The level of significance was set at p-value < 0.05.
Result
The prevalence of perceived stress among the HCWs was 41.97%. Coping strategies were used to deal with stress during the outbreak for problem-solving (Mean ± SD = 0.25 ± 0.60) and positive attitude (Mean ± SD = 2.85 ± 0.62). Significant difference was observed in the use of coping strategies among those who differ in marital status (F2, 514 = 7.234, p-value = 0.001), having children (t515 = -4.175, p-value < 0.001), and days off (t515 = -1.992, p-value = 0.047). Multivariable regression analysis reported who those perceived stress symptoms using social support more than those normal stress (AOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.070–2.236, p-value = 0.02). The perceived stress symptoms group used the avoidance strategy 2.03 times more than the other group (AOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.406–2.934, p-value < 0.001). Interestingly, the participants who perceived stress symptoms applied a positive attitude strategy lesser than those who experienced normal stress (57.5%) (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.307–0.590, p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental distress remains. The findings of this study suggest further study to assess the HCWs’ stress after the pandemic. HCWs should consider merging each of the coping strategies to balance work and lifestyle in pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pataraporn Yubonpunt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Jadsada Kunno
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Busaba Supawattanabodee
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavanant Sumanasrethakul
- Department of Urban Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Budsaba Wiriyasirivaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nagae A, Asano K, Kotera Y. Moderating Effects of Striving to Avoid Inferiority on Income and Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838991. [PMID: 35719576 PMCID: PMC9204202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people experience feelings of inferiority in their life. The concept of striving to avoid inferiority is a belief associated with the unwanted fear of being overlooked, missing out on opportunities for advancement, and active rejection. This study examined the effect of striving to avoid inferiority on mental health and well-being. We hypothesized that striving to avoid inferiority would modify the relationship among socioeconomic status, mental health, and well-being, therefore examined the effect of striving to avoid inferiority on the relationship between annual income, mental health, and well-being. The participants were 491 adults (241 men and 250 women). The results indicated that insecure striving (IS) in competition with others positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas secure non-striving (SNS) in acceptance of inferiority positively correlated with the satisfaction with life and negatively correlated with depression. The effect of striving to avoid inferiority on the relationship among annual income, mental health, and well-being indicated that SNS affected the relationships between annual income and well-being, annual income and depression, income and anxiety, and the interaction between IS and SNS. Moreover, the relationship between income and stress was influenced by SNS and the interaction between IS and SNS. These results indicated that SNS or the interaction between IS and SNS were the only variables regulating the relationship among annual income, mental health, and well-being. These findings suggested that accepting feelings of inferiority or striving to avoid inferiority influences the mental health and well-being of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Nagae
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Wedajo S, Degu G, Deribew A, Ambaw F. Social support, perceived stigma, and depression among PLHIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy using structural equation modeling in a multicenter study in Northeast Ethiopia. Int J Ment Health Syst 2022; 16:27. [PMID: 35698153 PMCID: PMC9191754 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression has a multitude of clinical and public health consequences for HIV patients. The magnitude of HIV patients who failed first-line antiretroviral treatment and switched to second-line therapy is becoming a growing public health concern. However, unlike first-line therapy, to date, little attention has been given to mental health problems in such patients, particularly in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the magnitude of depression and its determinants among HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy. Methods A multi-centered cross-sectional study was conducted on 714 HIV patients on second-line therapy who were selected via systematic random sampling. Data were collected in personal interviews as well as document reviews. The nine-item patient health questionnaire score was used to assess depression, while the three-item Oslo Scale was used to assess social support. The associations between exogenous, mediating, and endogenous variables were identified simultaneously using structural equation modeling. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value less than 0.05, and the effect sizes were presented using 95% CI. Results Depression was reported in 27.7% of HIV patients on second-line therapy [95% CI: 24.7–31.1%]. Social support has a direct [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = − 0.9, (95% CI: − 1.11 to − 0.69)] and indirect [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = − 0.22, (95% CI: − 0.31 to − 0.13)] negative effect on depression. Perceived stigma was a mediator variable and significantly associated with depression [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.40, (95% CI: 0.23–0.57)]. Co-morbid illness [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.49, (95% CI: 0.35–0.63)], high viremia [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\widehat{\beta }$$\end{document}β^ = 0.2, (95% CI: 0.1–0.31)] were all positively associated with depression. Conclusions This study revealed that there was a high prevalence of depression among HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy. Social and clinical factors were associated with depression risk. As a result, screening, prevention, and control strategies, including psychosocial support, should be strengthened in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambel Wedajo
- School of Public Health, CMHS, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Getu Degu
- School of Public Health, CMHS, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Deribew
- Country Director, Nutrition International (NI) in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fentie Ambaw
- School of Public Health, CMHS, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Bai Y, Liu X, Zhang B, Fu M, Huang N, Hu Q, Guo J. Associations of youth mental health, parental psychological distress, and family relationships during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:275. [PMID: 35439972 PMCID: PMC9017072 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes in society and family life, which could be particularly difficult for parents. The present study examines the relationship between youth mental health and parental psychological distress after the first peak of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. The parent-child and marital relationships were examined as moderators of the above relationship. METHODS Parents and their children aged 10 to 18 years were recruited for this study. The parents completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and a subset of items from the questionnaire of the COVID-19 Supporting Parents, Adolescents, and Children in Epidemics (Co-SPACE) survey of parental mental health, child's psychological symptoms, parent-child, and marital relationship. Several multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The largest variance in parental mental health was explained by the child's psychological symptoms (effect size beta = 0.27). Parent-child (effect size beta = -0.13) and marital relationship (effect size beta = -0.21) were negatively associated with parental mental health. The relationship between child's psychological symptoms and parental mental health was moderated by marital relationship (effect size beta = -0.07). Both parent-child and marital relationships presented with a significant interaction with impact scores, while only parent-child relationships with burden scores. CONCLUSIONS Youth mental health problems were significantly associated with parental psychological symptoms during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic The parent-child and marital relationship moderated the association between youth psychological symptoms and parental mental health. Interventions for alleviating parenting stress and support services that improve family relationships may be particularly effective in reducing parental psychological distress associated with future COVID-19 or related crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuang Bai
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Mingqi Fu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Huang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qitu Hu
- College of Humanities Education, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110, Hohhot, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Qin C, Wang R, Tao L, Liu M, Liu J. Association Between Risk Perception and Acceptance for a Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine to Children Among Child Caregivers in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:834572. [PMID: 35372197 PMCID: PMC8965812 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.834572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the widespread variants and the weakened immunity provided by vaccines over time have further emphasized the importance of vaccination, boosters, and prevention efforts against COVID-19. Here, this study intends to investigate the acceptability of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among child caregivers, aiming to explore the association between risk perception and child vaccine acceptance. Methods This anonymous, national, cross-sectional survey was conducted for one week from November 12, 2021 in mainland China. The risk perception among child caregivers was assessed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the individuals was equally divided into three levels according to the total preset scores of each perception dimension. Pearson χ2 test was used to compare the differences among participants stratified by sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge factors and risk perception. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations between risk perception and the acceptance of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 88.46% of 1,724 participants were willing to accept the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine for their children. People who lived in central China (91.93%), had a high school or polytechnic school level education (93.98%), and had a history of COVID-19 vaccination (88.80%) were more likely to accept a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine for their children. The complicated vaccination process (24.5%) and uncertainty about the safety (16.5%) and efficacy (21.3%) of vaccines were the three main reasons for vaccine hesitancy among child caregivers. The acceptance of the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was closely related to a higher level of perceived susceptibility (moderate: aOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07–2.29, P = 0.022; high: aOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06–2.89, P = 0.029) and high perceived benefit (high: aOR = 7.22, 95% CI: 2.63–19.79, P < 0.001). The results were stable in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions 88.46% of child caregivers were willing to have a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine to children, and the acceptance was closely associated with a higher level of perceived susceptibility and perceived benefit. The complicated vaccination process, uncertainty about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines were the main reasons for their hesitancy. Therefore, targeted public health measures to increase perceived susceptibility and benefit are still needed to meet the requirements of higher-level immunization coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruitong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Canal-Rivero M, Armesto-Luque L, Rubio-García A, Rodriguez-Menéndez G, Garrido-Torres N, Capitán L, Luque A, Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M. Trauma and stressor-related disorders among health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic and the role of the gender: A prospective longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:110-122. [PMID: 35032507 PMCID: PMC8755453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-care Workers (HCW) are facing a critical situation caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which could impact on their mental health status. In addition, HCW women have been identified as a group at high-risk of developing psychological distress, although no previous longitudinal studies have explored this issue in a sample of HCW. AIMS The main aim of the study was to observe the temporal pattern of the stress reactions among HCW as well as to explore its potential predictors of poor outcome. Moreover, we analyzed possible gender differences in stress reaction responses. METHODS One thousand for hundred and thirty-two HCW responded an online survey including sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric tests in May 2020 while 251 HCW answered in November 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses as well as repeated measures analyses were used to achieve the aims of the study. RESULTS The proportion of HCW who fulfilled Acute Stress Disorder criteria did not change over the follow-up period, although we observed a significant improvement in stress reactions responses among HCW. Proximal factors were the most salient predictors of traumatic reactions. Repeated analyses revealed significant gender differences in acute stress reactions. In addition, women showed significantly greater improvement than men in re-experiencing the traumatic event and hyperarousal dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of working conditions as well as emotional reactions in HCW facing major disasters should be carried out to prevent the development of peritraumatic stress reactions. In addition, HCW women are characterized by a different pattern of progression in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Canal-Rivero
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rubio-García
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Capitán
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Asunción Luque
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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COVID-19 Concern and Stress in Bangladesh: Perceived Social Support as a Predictor or Protector. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8887659 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The insidious coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been a global public health concern affecting almost everyone physically and/or psychologically. The psychological consequences like concern about COVID-19 and increased perceived stress are primarily results of preventive measures like social distancing, lockdown, etc. The present study examined whether perceived social support predicts stress or lessens the effect between concern and stress during social distancing. More specifically, we tested whether (a) the greater social support is associated with lesser perceived stress, and (b) the greater an individual perceives social support, the weaker will be the concern-to-stress relationship (a prediction from buffering hypothesis). We utilized the data from the Bangladeshi respondents (n = 204, 54% males) as part of the COVIDiSTRESS global survey. The three-step hierarchical regression analysis revealed social support as a predictor of stress along with coronavirus concerns rather than protector. The findings have implications for professionals (in providing psychological support to vulnerable people), policymakers (in implementing steps in the future that would less impact on perceived social support), and future researchers (in solving the ultimate role of social support to the association between fear and stress).
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Du M, Tao L, Liu J. Association between risk perception and influenza vaccine hesitancy for children among reproductive women in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national online survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:385. [PMID: 35197035 PMCID: PMC8865491 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, the national prevalence of parental influenza vaccine hesitancy (IVH) during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the association between risk perception and parental IVH are still unclear. We aimed to explore the association between risk perception and IVH for children among reproductive women in China, a poorly studied area. Methods From December 14, 2020, to January 31, 2021, we conducted a national anonymous online survey on IVH for children among reproductive women in China. We assessed risk perception including perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers, and benefits using the Health Belief Model and then classified each variable into three groups based on tertiles. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of risk perception related to vaccine hesitancy after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and knowledge of influenza, among other factors. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed. Results Among 3,011 reproductive women, 9.13% reported IVH. In multivariable models, vaccine hesitancy was associated with low perceived susceptibility (aOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.79–3.65), higher perceived barriers (moderate: aOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04–2.08; high: aOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.47–3.30), and low perceived benefit (moderate: aOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03–1.92; low: aOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.43–3.07). Subgroup analysis showed that vaccine hesitancy was more likely to occur among women with high perceived barriers aged < 30 years compared with those older than 30 years (P for difference = 0.041) and among women with moderate perceived benefit who had never conceived compared with those had a history of pregnancy (P for difference = 0.048). Conclusions Nearly one in 10 reproductive women was hesitant about influenza vaccination for their children during the COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate vaccine hesitancy, our findings highlight a need for tailored public health measures to increase perceived disease susceptibility and vaccine benefit and decrease perceived barriers. Furthermore, the effect of high perceived barriers and moderate perceived benefit on vaccine hesitancy was higher among younger women and women who had never conceived. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12782-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China. .,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, No.38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Pharmacological Adherence Behavior Changes during COVID-19 Outbreak in a Portugal Patient Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031135. [PMID: 35162159 PMCID: PMC8835016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Concerns, behaviours, and beliefs influence how people deal with COVID-19. Understanding the factors influencing adherence behaviour is of utmost importance to develop tailored interventions to increase adherence within this context. Hence, we aimed to understand how COVID-19 affected adherence behaviour in Portugal. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 1 March and 3 April 2021. Descriptive statistics were performed, as well as univariable and multivariable regression models. Of the 1202 participants, 476 who were taking at least one medication prescribed by the doctor were selected. Of these, 78.2% were female, and the mean age was 40.3 ± 17.9 years old. About 74.2% were classified as being highly adherent. During the pandemic, 8.2% of participants reported that their adherence improved, while 5.9% had worsened adherence results. Compared with being single, widowers were 3 times more prone to be less adherent (OR:3.390 [1.106–10.390], p = 0.033). Comorbid patients were 1.8 times (OR:1.824 [1.155–2.881], p = 0.010) more prone to be less adherent. Participants who reported that COVID-19 negatively impacted their adherence were 5.6 times more prone to be less adherent, compared with those who reported no changes (OR:5.576 [2.420–12.847], p < 0.001). None of the other variables showed to be significantly associated with pharmacological adherence.
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Sagar SK, Nusrat F, Rashid MU, Ghosh P, Sultana M, Ahsan A, Pinky SD, Mahboob RN, Nayon SR, Shariful Islam SM, Hossain Hawlader MD. Mental health status of married women during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08785. [PMID: 35071804 PMCID: PMC8768011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 has demanded unparalleled measures, from the imposition of quarantine to the declaration as a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 poses a severe threat to our day-to-day life as well as physical and mental health. This study explores mental health status among married women that remain understudied in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 597 married women via face-to-face interview, maintaining all safety protocols. A semi-structured questionnaire was assembled that included socio-demographics and the DASS-21 scale. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between variables. Result Almost 35% of the respondents had stress, 20% had anxiety, and 44% had depression ranging from mild to extremely severe. Metropolitan city inhabitants, being housewives, higher educational status, number of children, financial condition, comorbidities, family members assistance in household activities, relocation during COVID-19, social media use, concern about family, infected family members, tendency to get COVID-19 updates had been found significant in multivariable and univariate regression analysis with depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion In this study, we found high rates of stress, anxiety, and depression among the study participants. These findings provide us with an epidemiological picture of the mental health status of our target population that could be a key benchmark for identifying high-risk groups and developing policies as well. Results could also be used to formulate psychological interventions that might be helpful during the COVID-19 period and later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Kha Sagar
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Nusrat
- Sherpur Sadar Hospital, Sherpur, Mymensingh, 2100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Utba Rashid
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Prakash Ghosh
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Sultana
- Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Medical Road, Kajolshah, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Alvee Ahsan
- Mymensingh Medical College, Chorpara, Mymensingh, 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey Pinky
- Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Panchlaish, Chattogram, 4203, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sajibur Rahman Nayon
- Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Medical Road, Kajolshah, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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Zhang N. Risk perception, mental health distress, and flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: The role of positive and negative affect. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 35039736 PMCID: PMC8754583 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented disruptions to people's everyday life and induced wide-ranging impacts on people's physical health, mental health and well-being. This research investigated the relationship between risk perception, mental health distress, and flourishing during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Three hundred and ninety Chinese completed measures on risk perception, mental health distress, positive and negative affect, flourishing, and demographic information. The results revealed that 27.2% of participants experienced some level of mental health distress, but they also experienced a relatively high level of flourishing. Higher level of risk perception and negative affect were risk factors, whereas positive affect was a protective factor, of mental illness and flourishing. Experiences of positive and negative affect mediated the relationship between risk perception and level of mental health distress and flourishing, respectively. Although the COVID-19 pandemic led to a higher level of mental distress among the general public in China, most people were also resilient during the pandemic. The results have implications for improving mental health and enhancing resiliency during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Medical Building, Zhejiang University Zijinggang Campus, Yuhangtang R. 866, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Bik-Multanowska K, Mikocka-Walus A, Fernando J, Westrupp E. Mental distress of parents with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: A prospective cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2021; 152:110688. [PMID: 34875464 PMCID: PMC8665692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To-date there has been limited examination of the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in parents who suffer from chronic physical conditions. We aimed to 1) examine whether presence of a chronic disease predicts differential latent distress profile memberships, and 2) assess factors that could predict different distress profiles in the sub-group of parents with a chronic disease. METHODS We used a sample of 1618 parents, from the longitudinal COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Study, who completed a measure of mental distress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale) at 13 data collection points. Distress profiles were assessed with the latent profile analysis. RESULTS We identified four distinct mental distress profile memberships, with the most common membership characterised by very low (48.1%), followed by low (31.9%), moderate (15.7%), and high (4.3%) distress scores. A higher proportion of parents with chronic diseases belonged to profiles experiencing low (34.7% vs. 30.4%), moderate (18.7% vs. 14.1%), and high (5.5% vs. 3.7%) compared to very low (41.2% vs. 51.8%) distress levels than other parents. Residing in Victoria, younger age, lower levels of social support and appraisal of COVID as risk were associated with membership to higher compared to very low distress profiles. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of considering chronic disease co-morbidity as an additive risk factor in addressing mental health outcomes of parents during pandemic-like events, since parents with chronic conditions are more vulnerable to experiencing worse mental distress. Future interventions should focus on ways to strengthen social support and provide guidance for managing threat appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Bik-Multanowska
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, VIC, Australia; Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonina Mikocka-Walus
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, VIC, Australia.
| | - Julian Fernando
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Westrupp
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
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Dong D, Chen Z, Zong M, Zhang P, Gu W, Feng Y, Qiao Z. What protects us against the COVID-19 threat? Cultural tightness matters. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2139. [PMID: 34809585 PMCID: PMC8607057 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The only previous studies that formulated a theoretical model of epidemics for psychological response relative to cultural perspectives have focused on the role of individualism–collectivism and have omitted analysis of tightness–looseness. This study explored the role of cultural tightness in relation to psychological disorders during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We recruited 1827 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 18.16 ± 2.23 years, 53.3% female) to participate a cross-sectional survey. Participants completed a series of questionnaires, including the scales of cultural tightness, risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic, perceived protection efficacy, anxiety and depression. A latent moderated structural equations model was used to analyse the mediating and moderating effects of risk perception regarding COVID-19, cultural tightness and perceived protection efficacy on psychological disorders. Results The results showed that greater risk perception of COVID-19 predicted greater psychological disorders, however cultural tightness moderated this positive relationship. The increase in psychological disorders with risk perception regarding COVID-19 was less pronounced among people who lived in tighter cultural areas. In addition, this moderating effect of cultural tightness was further mediated by perceived protection efficacy; that is, tight culture protects against psychological disorders by enhancing perceived protection efficacy. Conclusion This study enriched the theoretical framework of cultural tightness and indicated its importance in the field of mental health and health policies. It also emphasized the importance of tight culture as a protective factor against psychological disorders in case of COVID-19 outbreaks, providing valuable practical insight into psychological prevention for COVID-19 outbreaks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12161-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Baotou School Affiliated To Beijing Normal University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Min Zong
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.,Mental Health Center, China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China. .,Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, No.39 South College Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhihong Qiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Factors related to perceived stress during the COVID-19 epidemic context among the general population in China: A cross-sectional nationwide study. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:816-823. [PMID: 34375208 PMCID: PMC8433595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate factors related to high stress levels among the general population in China during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic when its containment measures were in place and to identify the most stressed populations. METHODS A nationwide study was conducted online among 5,039 adults in all 31 provinces in mainland China between March 1 and March 16, 2020. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to explore the related factors of high perceived stress. RESULTS Among all respondents, 36.0% reported a high level of stress. Respondents in Hubei province (the epicenter) were more likely to report high stress levels than those in low epidemic areas. Respondents who went outside every day or every other day reported greater odds of experiencing a high level of stress than those who went outside every 8-14 days. People with higher risk perceptions were more prone to report high stress levels. Respondents aged 16-35 were more likely to report high stress than respondents aged 46 or older. Lower household income and lower health literacy were related to increased odds of reporting high stress levels. LIMITATIONS We used a convenience sample and self-reported survey data. CONCLUSIONS We identified risk factors for high stress levels related to the epidemic (epidemic intensity in residential areas, risk perception, and frequency of going outside) and other vulnerabilities (younger age, low household income, low health literacy). Our findings can directly inform interventions and policies for mitigating stress among the general population for this or future epidemics.
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