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Schömann-Finck M, Reichrath J. Umbrella Review on the Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:2720. [PMID: 39203855 PMCID: PMC11356988 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a growing public health problem and cancer is linked to vitamin D via several mechanisms. Recent umbrella reviews on the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D did not turn their attention to cancer. Accordingly, an overview of the current state of research is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS An umbrella review was conducted to provide an overview of systematic reviews on the association between vitamin D and incidence or mortality of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. RESULTS Inverse correlations were found between the vitamin D level (measured by circulating 25(OH)D) and mortality for all five types of cancer. For breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, there are also hints of a lower incidence due to higher 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSION As most reviews include observational studies, conclusions on causality cannot be made. Methodological differences between the included reviews and different study designs in the individual studies lead to methodological problems. Despite these problems, the review shows inverse correlations between 25(OH)D levels and mortality, and mostly inverse correlations between 25(OH)D levels and incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schömann-Finck
- German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
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2
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Fendler A, Stephan C, Ralla B, Jung K. Discordant Health Implications and Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin D in Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Prostate Cancer: A Critical Appraisal of the Literature Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5286. [PMID: 38791324 PMCID: PMC11120741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have provided conflicting data on the postulated beneficial effects of vitamin D in patients with prostate cancer. In this opinion piece, we discuss reasons for discrepancies between preclinical and clinical vitamin D studies. Different criteria have been used as evidence for the key roles of vitamin D. Clinical studies report integrative cancer outcome criteria such as incidence and mortality in relation to vitamin D status over time. In contrast, preclinical vitamin D studies report molecular and cellular changes resulting from treatment with the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in tissues. However, these reported changes in preclinical in vitro studies are often the result of treatment with biologically irrelevant high calcitriol concentrations. In typical experiments, the used calcitriol concentrations exceed the calcitriol concentrations in normal and malignant prostate tissue by 100 to 1000 times. This raises reasonable concerns regarding the postulated biological effects and mechanisms of these preclinical vitamin D approaches in relation to clinical relevance. This is not restricted to prostate cancer, as detailed data regarding the tissue-specific concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are currently lacking. The application of unnaturally high concentrations of calcitriol in preclinical studies appears to be a major reason why the results of preclinical in vitro studies hardly match up with outcomes of vitamin D-related clinical studies. Regarding future studies addressing these concerns, we suggest establishing reference ranges of tissue-specific vitamin D metabolites within various cancer entities, carrying out model studies on human cancer cells and patient-derived organoids with biologically relevant calcitriol concentrations, and lastly improving the design of vitamin D clinical trials where results from preclinical studies guide the protocols and endpoints within these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Fendler
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.F.); (B.R.)
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Bird RP. Vitamin D and cancer. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:92-159. [PMID: 38777419 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in the prevention of chronic diseases including cancer, has received a great deal of attention during the past few decades. The term "Cancer" represents multiple disease states with varying biological complexities. The strongest link between vitamin D and cancer is provided by ecological and studies like observational, in preclinical models. It is apparent that vitamin D exerts diverse biological responses in a tissue specific manner. Moreover, several human factors could affect bioactivity of vitamin D. The mechanism(s) underlying vitamin D initiated anti-carcinogenic effects are diverse and includes changes at the muti-system levels. The oncogenic environment could easily corrupt the traditional role of vitamin D or could ensure resistance to vitamin D mediated responses. Several researchers have identified gaps in our knowledge pertaining to the role of vitamin D in cancer. Further areas are identified to solidify the role of vitamin D in cancer control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
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4
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Sobhi P, Bahrami M, Mahdizadeh F, Fazaeli A, Babaei G, Rezagholizadeh L. Vitamin D and potential effects on cancers: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:190. [PMID: 38270702 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the abnormal and uncontrollable division and growth of cells that can infiltrate tissues and alter normal physiological function, which will become crucial and life-threatening if left untreated. Cancer can be a result of genetics, such as mutations or environmental causes, including smoking, lack of physical activity, as well as nutritional imbalance in the body. Vitamin D is one of the foremost nutrients that play a crucial role in a variety of biochemical pathways, and it is an important key factor in several diseases. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for preventing malignancies and a complementary treatment for cancer through direct and indirect biochemical pathways. In this article, we summarized the correlation between vitamin D and various cancers using an extensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This paper reviews the role of vitamin D in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Sobhi
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahrami
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Faraz Mahdizadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Fazaeli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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5
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Ali E, Das E, Das PP, Kalita MJ, Dutta K, Kalita S, Adhyapak S, Hazarika G, Talukdar J, Malik A, Akhtar S, Bhattacharya M, Choudhury BN, Idris MG, Baruah MN, Medhi S. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in VDR, GC Globulin and CYP2R1 with the Risk of Esophageal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3353-3360. [PMID: 37898838 PMCID: PMC10770657 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.10.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proactive role of vitamin D has been well determined in different cancers. The protein that encodes the components of the vitamin D metabolism could appear to play a pivotal role in vitamin D stability and its maintenance. A polymorphism in vitamin-D-receptor (VDR), carrier globulin/binding protein (GC) and cytochrome P-450 family 2, subfamily R, polypeptide 1 (CYP2R1) genes has been predicted to be associated with the development of cancer. This study was designed to detect the association of VDR, GC Globulin and CYP2R1 gene polymorphism with the risk of esophageal cancer in the North-east Indian population. METHODS To carry out the study, a total of 100 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer and 101 healthy controls were enrolled. In a case-control manner, all samples were subjected to do genotype testing for known SNPs on the VDR (rs1544410), GC (rs4588), and CYP2R1 (rs10741657) genes using Restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) followed by Sanger sequencing. The collected demographic and clinical data were analysed using the statistical software package SPSS v22.0. RESULTS The VDR haplotype heterozygous TC was found strongly associated with the carcinoma group (OR:1.09, 95%CI:0.67-1.75). The risk factors analysis using the GC globulin rs4588 phenotype, found a positive correlation in terms of mutant AA's harmful influence on the cancer cohort (OR = 1.125, OR=1.125, 95% CI, 0.573-2.206). The influence of the CYP2R1 rs10741657 polymorphism on the malignant cohort revealed that the GG mutant had a significant negative influence on the carcinoma, has an influential role in disease severity ( OR:1.736, at 95% CI; 0.368-8.180). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study revealed the potential association of VDR gene polymorphism in the progression and development of esophageal cancer in north east Indian population cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyashin Ali
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Eshani Das
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Manash Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Kalpajit Dutta
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Simanta Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Sampurna Adhyapak
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Gautam Hazarika
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Jayashree Talukdar
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri, USA.
| | - Mallika Bhattacharya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | | | - Md Ghaznavi Idris
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | | | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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6
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Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, Morgan TM, Carlsson SV. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2023; 84:191-206. [PMID: 37202314 PMCID: PMC10851915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kelly R Pekala
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fainberg
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Otis Brawley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Maggini V, Crescioli G, Ippoliti I, Gallo E, Menniti-Ippolito F, Chiaravalloti A, Mascherini V, Da Cas R, Potenza S, Gritti G, Galiulo MT, Sottosanti L, Vannacci A, Lombardi N, Firenzuoli F. Safety Profile of Vitamin D in Italy: An Analysis of Spontaneous Reports of Adverse Reactions Related to Drugs and Food Supplements. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4726. [PMID: 37510843 PMCID: PMC10381134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is largely used in Italy, often inappropriately; thus, an evaluation of its safety is a crucial issue. This study analyses the adverse reactions (ARs) associated with the use of products containing VitD (VitDps) reported to the Italian National Pharmacovigilance and Phytovigilance networks. From March 2002 to August 2022, a total of 643 and 127 reports concerning 903 and 215 ARs were retrieved from Pharmacovigilance and Phytovigilance networks, respectively. Overall, 332 (29.6%) ARs were classified as serious, and the most described ones were hypercalcaemia, renal failure and tachycardia. Serious AR risk was significantly higher for subjects using more than four concomitant products (OR 2.44 [95% CI 1.30-4.60]) and VitD doses higher than 1000 IU/day (OR 2.70 [95% CI 1.30-5.64]). In Italy, there was a modest decrease in AR reporting, despite the slightly increased use of VitD during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing all VitDps-related ARs observed in the Italian general population. Since underreporting is the main limitation of the safety reporting systems, the necessity to continue ARs monitoring, also using real-world data on VitDps prescription, use and outcome patterns is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggini
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine-CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Crescioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ippoliti
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Gallo
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine-CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Adelaide Chiaravalloti
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine-CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50141 Florence, Italy
- General and Clinical Phytotherapy, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Mascherini
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine-CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Da Cas
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine-CERFIT, Referring Center for Phytotherapy of Tuscany Region, Careggi University Hospital, 50141 Florence, Italy
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Arayici ME, Basbinar Y, Ellidokuz H. Vitamin D Intake, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) Levels, and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Meta-Meta-Analysis Including Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:2722. [PMID: 37375626 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a well-established fact that inadequate Vitamin D (Vit-D) levels have negative effects on the development and progression of malignant diseases, particularly cancer. The purpose of this paper was to elucidate the effects of Vit-D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) levels on cancer incidence and mortality, the current evidence in this field, and the biases of this evidence, using the meta-meta-analysis method. Meta-analyses focusing on Vit-D intake, serum 25(OH)D levels, and cancer risk/mortality were identified. A structured computer literature search was undertaken in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus electronic databases using predetermined keyword combinations. Primary and secondary meta-meta-analyses were carried out, combining odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RRs), and hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes reported in selected meta-analyses. A total of 35 eligible meta-analyses (59 reports yielded from these studies) assessing the association between Vit-D and cancer incidence and/or mortality were included in this study. In the pooled analysis, higher Vit-D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower cancer risk (OR = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.96, p < 0.001; OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.89, p < 0.001, respectively) and cancer-related mortality (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86-0.93, p < 0.001; RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78, p < 0.001, respectively). When meta-analyses whose primary reports included only randomized controlled trials were pooled, there was no significant association between Vit-D intake and cancer risk (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01, p = 0.320). In subgroup analysis, Vit-D consumption was associated with a significant decrease in colorectal and lung cancer incidence (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96, p = 0.002; OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.94, p < 0.001, respectively). Taken together, both Vit-D intake and higher 25(OH)D levels may provide remarkable benefits in terms of cancer incidence and mortality; however, careful evaluation according to cancer types is critically important and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Arayici
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 15 July Medicine and Art Campus, Inciralti-Balcova 35340 İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 İzmir, Türkiye
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Vitamin D, a Regulator of Androgen Levels, Is Not Correlated to PSA Serum Levels in a Cohort of the Middle Italy Region Participating to a Prostate Cancer Screening Campaign. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051831. [PMID: 36902619 PMCID: PMC10003229 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in men worldwide, and it represents the fifth leading cause of death. It has long been recognized that dietary habits can impact prostate health and improve the benefits of traditional medical care. The activity of novel agents on prostate health is routinely assessed by measuring changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Recent studies hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation reduces circulating androgen levels and PSA secretion, inhibits cell growth of the hormone-sensitive PCa cell lines, counteracts neoangiogenesis and improves apoptosis. However, the results are conflicting and inconsistent. Furthermore, the use of vitamin D in PCa treatments has not achieved consistently positive results to date. In order to assess the existence of a correlation between the PSA and 25(OH)vitamin D levels as widely hypothesized in the literature, we analyzed the serum PSA and 25(OH)vitamin D concentration on a cohort of one hundred patients joining a PCa screening campaign. Additionally, we performed medical and pharmacological anamnesis and analyzed lifestyle, as sport practice and eating habits, by administering a questionnaire on family history. Although several studies suggested a protective role of vitamin D in PCa onset prevention and progression, our preliminary results revealed a clear absence of correlation between the serum vitamin D and PSA concentration levels, suggesting that vitamin D has no impact on PCa risk. Further investigations enrolling a huge number of patients are needed with particular attention to vitamin D supplementation, calcium intake, solar radiation that influences vitamin D metabolism and other potential indicators of health to confirm the absence of correlation observed in our study.
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10
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Verma AK, Naseeb MA, Basaqr RO, Albajri EA, Khan MI, Dev K, Beg MMA. Cell-free SLC30A10 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and their association with vitamin-D level among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S764-S769. [PMID: 38384053 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_281_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has been major cause of cancer related death and day by day Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases are increasing globally. Present study explored the link between SLC30A10 mRNA expression with vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients. METHODS Present study included newly diagnosed 100 NSCLC patients and 100 healthy controls. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to check the SLC30A10 mRNA expression after cDNA synthesis from extracted total RNA from serum sample. Vitamin-D level was also analyzed in all the NSCLC patients by electrochemiluminscence based immunoassay method. RESULTS Present research work observed decreased SLC30A10 mRNA expression (0.16 fold) among the NSCLC patients, decreased SLC30A10 mRNA expression was linked with advanced stage (0.15 fold, P < 00001) of disease and distant organ metastases (0.11 fold, P < 00001) compared to its contrast. Decreased level of vitamin-D was also observed with advanced stage (17.98 ng/ml, P < 00001) of disease and distant organ metastases (16.23 ng/ml, P < 00001) compared to its contrast. Positive correlation was observed between SLC30A10 mRNA expression with vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients suggesting decrease or increase in SLC30A10 mRNA expression mau decreases or increase the vitamin-D level. NSCLC patients with vitamin-D deficiency had 0.14 reduced SCL30A10 mRNA expression while insufficient (P = 0 .06) and sufficient (P = 0.03) showed comparatively high SCL30A10 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Study concluded that down regulation of SLC30A10 mRNA and vitamin-D deficiency may involve in advancement of disease and distant organ metastases. It was also suggested that the decrease of increase in SLC30A10 expression may cause the decrease of increase in vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients may be involved in disease severity and worseness of NSCLC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Verma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Manal A Naseeb
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem O Basaqr
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences -Jeddah, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eram A Albajri
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Centre for Promotion of Medical Research, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Henn M, Martin-Gorgojo V, Martin-Moreno JM. Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope. Nutrients 2022; 14:4512. [PMID: 36364774 PMCID: PMC9657468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive epigenome and transcriptome analyses have unveiled numerous biological mechanisms, including the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in neoplastic cells, as well as the modulation of the antineoplastic action of the immune system, which plausibly explains the observed population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk. However, large randomized clinical trials involving cholecalciferol supplementation have so far failed to show the potential of such interventions in cancer prevention. In this article, we attempt to reconcile the supposed contradiction of these findings by undertaking a thorough review of the literature, including an assessment of the limitations in the design, conduct, and analysis of the studies conducted thus far. We examine the long-standing dilemma of whether the beneficial effects of vitamin D levels increase significantly above a critical threshold or if the conjecture is valid that an increase in available cholecalciferol translates directly into an increase in calcitriol activity. In addition, we try to shed light on the high interindividual epigenetic and transcriptomic variability in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Moreover, we critically review the standards of interpretation of the available study results and propose criteria that could allow us to reach sound conclusions in this field. Finally, we advocate for options tailored to individual vitamin D needs, combined with a comprehensive intervention that favors prevention through a healthy environment and responsible health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Henn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Martin-Gorgojo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Martin-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Pedersen JE, Hansen J. Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation and risk of prostate cancer in Danish men. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102227. [PMID: 35933762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Former epidemiological studies have indicated that solar ultraviolet B radiation (UV) may reduce the risk of prostate cancer, however, the evidence is inconclusive. To contribute with evidence, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between occupational UV exposure and prostate cancer in Danish men. METHODS A total of 12,268 men diagnosed with primary prostate cancer before age 70 were identified via the Danish Cancer Registry. The Danish Civil Registration System was used to randomly select five male controls matched on year of birth, alive and free of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis of the index case. Full individual-level employment history was retrieved from the Danish Supplementary Pension Fund Register and linked to a job exposure matrix to assess occupational UV exposure. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS We observed an inverse association between ever exposure to occupational UV and prostate cancer (OR=0.93, 95 % CI: 0.89-0.97). Longer duration of exposure (≥20 years: OR=0.90, 95 % CI: 0.84-0.96) and highest cumulative exposure (OR=0.90, 95 % CI: 0.84-0.96) were both inversely associated with disease risk. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates a modest protective effect from occupational UV exposure on the risk of prostate cancer. This finding needs further attention in future large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Elbaek Pedersen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Pei Y, Xu P, Chong W, Hai Y, He L, He Y, Yu J, Wang J, Fang F, Peng X. Association between Vitamin D Supplementation and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153717. [PMID: 35954381 PMCID: PMC9367315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been questioned whether vitamin D supplements can reduce the mortality and incidence of tumors. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials with a total of 72,669 participants, vitamin D supplementation could not reduce the cancer mortality or cancer incidence. Our results suggest a reconsideration of the previous view that vitamin D supplementation could reduce overall cancer mortality is needed. Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is related to increased cancer risk and deaths. However, whether vitamin D supplementation reduces cancer mortality remains unclear, and several randomized controlled trials yield inconsistent results. Methods: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception until 28 June 2022, for randomized controlled trials investigating vitamin D supplementation. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Trials with vitamin D supplementation combined with calcium supplementation versus placebo alone and recruiting participants with cancer at baseline were excluded in the present study. Results: This study included 12 trials with a total of 72,669 participants. Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce overall cancer mortality (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.80–1.16). However, vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.90). Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation could not reduce cancer mortality in this highly purified meta-analysis. Further RCTs that evaluate the association between vitamin D supplementation and total cancer mortality are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610084, China;
| | - Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (L.H.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yiyan Pei
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (L.H.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Sichuan University Library, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610047, China;
| | - Weelic Chong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA;
| | - Yang Hai
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA;
| | - Ling He
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (L.H.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (L.H.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayi Yu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (L.H.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (L.H.); (Y.H.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Muñoz A, Grant WB. Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:1448. [PMID: 35406059 PMCID: PMC9003337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D's anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERONC and IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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15
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Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP. How competing risks affect the epidemiological relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer incidence? A population-based study. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14410. [PMID: 35229338 PMCID: PMC9540471 DOI: 10.1111/and.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that controversial results regarding the epidemiological relationship between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, and risk of prostate cancer (PCA) incidence are partly due to competing risks. To test the hypothesis, we studied associations across 25(OH)D, PCA and death in 2578 middle-aged men belonging to the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The men were free of cancer at baseline, and the mean (SD) follow-up time was 23.3 (9.1) years. During this period, 296 men had a PCA diagnosis, and 1448 men died without the PCA diagnosis. The absolute risk of developing PCA was highest in the highest 25(OH)D tertile (15%), whereas that of death was highest in the lowest 25(OH)D tertile (67%). A competing risk analysis showed that belonging to the highest 25(OH)D tertile increased the risk of PCA incidence and improved survival with the respective hazard ratios (HR) of 1.35 (95% CI = 1.07-1.70) and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.71-0.89). Adjusting for 10 covariates together with 25(OH)D did not significantly change the results, but the respective adjusted HRs for PCA and death were 1.20 and 0.87. To conclude, the competing risk analysis did not eliminate the direct relationship between 25(OH)D and PCA but rather strengthened it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Nurmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Kokko
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Ruiz-Pérez I, López-Valenciano A, Elvira JL, García-Gómez A, De Ste Croix M, Ayala F. Epidemiology of injuries in elite male and female futsal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 5:59-71. [PMID: 35073234 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1789203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis quantifying the incidence of injuries in futsal players. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases and subsequently, six studies (14 cohorts) were selected. Separate meta-analyses for male and female players were conducted using a Poisson random-effect regression model approach. The overall and match incidence rates in elite male futsal players were 6.8 (95% CI = 0.0-15.2) and 44.9 (95% CI = 17.2-72.6) injuries/1000 hours of exposure. Pooled training injury rate in male players was not calculated due to the lack of studies reporting training injuries in this cohort. For females, an overall, training and match incidence rates of 5.3 (95% CI = 3.5-7), 5.1 (95% CI = 2.7-7.6) and 10.3 (95% CI = 0.6-20.1) injuries/1000 hours of exposure were reported. In males, match incidence rate in International tournaments was 8.5 times higher than in national leagues (77.2 [95% CI = 60.0-94.5] vs 9.1 [95% CI = 0.0-19.3] for international tournaments and national leagues, respectively). Elite male and female futsal players are exposed to a substantial risk of sustaining injuries, especially during matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - José Ll Elvira
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Mark De Ste Croix
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Francisco Ayala
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain.,School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK.,Postdoctoral fellow, Seneca Foundation, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Liu D, Meng X, Tian Q, Cao W, Fan X, Wu L, Song M, Meng Q, Wang W, Wang Y. Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1044-1062. [PMID: 34999745 PMCID: PMC9340982 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have yielded inconsistent results on the associations of vitamin D concentrations with multiple health outcomes. In the present umbrella review we aimed to evaluate the effects of low vitamin D concentrations and vitamin D supplementation on multiple health outcomes. We summarized current evidence obtained from meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between vitamin D concentrations and multiple health outcomes, meta-analyses of RCTs that investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on multiple health outcomes, and MR studies that explored the causal associations of vitamin D concentrations with various diseases (international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091434). A total of 296 meta-analyses of observational studies comprising 111 unique outcomes, 139 meta-analyses of RCTs comprising 46 unique outcomes, and 73 MR studies comprising 43 unique outcomes were included in the present umbrella review. Twenty-eight disease outcomes were identified by both meta-analyses of observational studies and MR studies. Seventeen of these reported disease outcomes had consistent results, demonstrating that lower concentrations of vitamin D were associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, schizophrenia, and type 2 diabetes. The combinations of consistent evidence obtained by meta-analyses of observational studies and MR studies together with meta-analyses of RCTs showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality but not associated with the risk for Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, schizophrenia, or type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation is a promising strategy with long-term preventive effects on multiple chronic diseases and thus has the potential to decrease all-cause mortality. However, the current vitamin D supplementation strategy might not be an efficient intervention approach for these diseases, suggesting that new strategies are highly needed to improve the intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Centre for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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18
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Lu J, Xu BB, Shen LL, Wu D, Xue Z, Zheng HL, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lin JX, Chen QY, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, Huang ZN, Lin JL, Huang CM, Zheng CH, Li P. Characteristics and Research Waste Among Randomized Clinical Trials in Gastric Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124760. [PMID: 34533573 PMCID: PMC8449283 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The results of numerous large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have changed clinical practice in gastric cancer (GC). However, research waste (ie, unpublished data, inadequate reporting, or avoidable design limitations) is still a major challenge for evidence-based medicine. OBJECTIVES To determine the characteristics of GC RCTs in the past 20 years and the presence of research waste and to explore potential targets for improvement. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study of GC RCTs, ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for phase 3 or 4 RCTs registered from January 2000 to December 2019 using the keyword gastric cancer. Independent investigators undertook assessments and resolved discrepancies via consensus. Data were analyzed from August through December 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were descriptions of the characteristics of GC RCTs and the proportion of studies with signs of research waste. Research waste was defined as unpublished data, inadequate reporting, or avoidable design limitations. Publication status was determined by searching PubMed and Scopus databases. The adequacy of reporting was evaluated using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) reporting guideline checklist. Avoidable design limitations were determined based on existing bias or lack of cited systematic literature reviews. In the analyses of research waste, 125 RCTs that ended after June 2016 without publication were excluded. RESULTS A total of 262 GC RCTs were included. The number of RCTs increased from 25 trials in 2000 to 2004 to 97 trials in 2015 to 2019, with a greater increase among RCTs of targeted therapy or immunotherapy, which increased from 0 trials in 2000 to 2004 to 36 trials in 2015 to 2019. The proportion of RCTs that were multicenter was higher in non-Asian regions than in Asian regions (50 of 71 RCTs [70.4%] vs 96 of 191 RCTs [50.3%]; P = .004). The analysis of research waste included 137 RCTs, of which 81 (59.1%) were published. Among published RCTs, 65 (80.2%) were judged to be adequately reported and 63 (77.8%) had avoidable design defects. Additionally, 119 RCTs (86.9%) had 1 or more features of research waste. Study settings that included blinding (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.93; P = .03), a greater number of participants (ie, ≥200 participants; OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.51; P = .01), and external funding support (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08-0.60; P = .004) were associated with lower odds of research waste. Additionally, 35 RCTs (49.3%) were referenced in guidelines, and 18 RCTs (22.2%) had their prospective data reused. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the characteristics of GC RCTs in the past 20 years, and it found a research waste burden, which may provide evidence for the development of rational RCTs and reduction of waste in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin-bin Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-li Shen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Coffee Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072317. [PMID: 34371827 PMCID: PMC8308488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee and prostate cancer. Firstly, we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010. Coffee intake was derived from 24 h dietary recalls. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association. Then, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the possible causal effect of coffee on prostate cancer risk. Primary and secondary genetic instruments were obtained from genome-wide association studies among 375,833 and 91,462 individuals separately. Prostate cancer summary statistics were extracted from Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) and FinnGen project (4754 cases and 63,465 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary analytical method. Through selection, we enrolled 8336 individuals (weighted number = 58,796,070) for our observational study in NHANES. Results suggested that there was no association between coffee and prostate cancer. MR analyses with primary genetic instruments also did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk, whether using summary data from PRACTICAL (IVW: OR 1.001, 95% CI 0.997–1.005) or FinnGen (IVW: OR 1.005, 95% CI 0.998–1.012). Similar results were observed when using secondary genetic instruments. Therefore, our study did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to examine if an association exists by different coffee bean types, roasting procedures, and brewing methods.
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20
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Association of Polymorphisms in Vitamin D-Metabolizing Enzymes DHCR7 and CYP2R1 with Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6615001. [PMID: 34093899 PMCID: PMC8164542 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of vitamin D has been reported to be relevant to cancer risk. DHCR7 and CYP2R1 are crucial components of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, accumulating researchers are concerned with the correlation between polymorphisms of DHCR7 and CYP2R1 genes and cancer susceptibility. Nevertheless, the conclusions of literatures are inconsistent. We conducted an integrated review for the correlation of DHCR7 and CYP2R1 SNPs with cancer susceptibility. In the meanwhile, a meta-analysis was performed using accessible data to clarify the association between DHCR7 and CYP2R1 SNPs and overall cancer risk. Literatures which meet the rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved. The association of each SNP with cancer risk was calculated by odds ratios (ORs). 12 case-control designed studies covering 23780 cases and 27307 controls were ultimately evolved in the present meta-analysis of five SNPs (DHCR7 rs12785878 and rs1790349 SNP; CYP2R1 rs10741657, rs12794714, and rs2060793 SNP). We found that DHCR7 rs12785878 SNP was significantly related to cancer risk in the whole population, Caucasian subgroup, and hospital-based (HB) subgroup. DHCR7 rs1790349 SNP was analyzed to increase cancer risk in Caucasians. Moreover, CYP2R1 rs12794714-A allele had correlation with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Our findings indicated that rs12785878, rs1790349, and rs12794714 SNPs might potentially be biomarkers for cancer susceptibility.
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21
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Oczkowski M, Dziendzikowska K, Pasternak-Winiarska A, Włodarek D, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Reduction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020496. [PMID: 33546190 PMCID: PMC7913227 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the constantly increasing number of cases, prostate cancer has become one of the most important health problems of modern societies. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the role of nutrients and foodstuff consumption in the etiology and development of prostate malignancies, including the potential mechanisms of action. The results of several in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments as well as those reported by the clinical and epidemiological research studies carried out around the world were analyzed. The outcomes of these studies clearly show the influence of both nutrients and food products on the etiology and prevention of prostate cancer. Consumption of certain nutrients (saturated and trans fatty acids) and food products (e.g., processed meat products) leads to the disruption of prostate hormonal regulation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and alteration of growth factor signaling and lipid metabolism, which all contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products exerts protective and/or therapeutic effects. Special bioactive functions are assigned to compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lycopene. Since the influence of nutrients and dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor in the development and prevention of prostate cancer, awareness of the beneficial and harmful effects of individual food ingredients is of great importance in the global strategy against prostate cancer.
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22
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Ames BN, Grant WB, Willett WC. Does the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African Americans Contribute to Health Disparities? Nutrients 2021; 13:499. [PMID: 33546262 PMCID: PMC7913332 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
African Americans have higher incidence of, and mortality from, many health-related problems than European Americans. They also have a 15 to 20-fold higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency. Here we summarize evidence that: (i) this health disparity is partly due to insufficient vitamin D production, caused by melanin in the skin blocking the UVB solar radiation necessary for its synthesis; (ii) the vitamin D insufficiency is exacerbated at high latitudes because of the combination of dark skin color with lower UVB radiation levels; and (iii) the health of individuals with dark skin can be markedly improved by correcting deficiency and achieving an optimal vitamin D status, as could be obtained by supplementation and/or fortification. Moderate-to-strong evidence exists that high 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and/or vitamin D supplementation reduces risk for many adverse health outcomes including all-cause mortality rate, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, cancer, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, multiple sclerosis, acute respiratory tract infections, COVID-19, asthma exacerbations, rickets, and osteomalacia. We suggest that people with low vitamin D status, which would include most people with dark skin living at high latitudes, along with their health care provider, consider taking vitamin D3 supplements to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) or possibly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N. Ames
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Grant WB, Lahore H, Rockwell MS. The Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation for Athletes: Better Performance and Reduced Risk of COVID-19. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3741. [PMID: 33291720 PMCID: PMC7761895 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is having major economic and personal consequences for collegiate and professional sports. Sporting events have been canceled or postponed, and even when baseball and basketball seasons resumed in the United States recently, no fans were in attendance. As play resumed, several players developed COVID-19, disrupting some of the schedules. A hypothesis now under scientific consideration is that taking vitamin supplements to raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations could quickly reduce the risk and/or severity of COVID-19. Several mechanisms have been identified through which vitamin D could reduce the risks of infection and severity, death, and long-haul effects of COVID-19: (1) inducing production of cathelicidin and defensins to reduce the survival and replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; (2) reducing inflammation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and risk of the "cytokine storm" that damages the epithelial layer of the lungs, heart, vascular system, and other organs; and (3) increasing production of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, thus limiting the amount of angiotensin II available to the virus to cause damage. Clinical trials have confirmed that vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of acute respiratory tract infections, and approximately 30 observational studies have shown that incidence, severity, and death from COVID-19 are inversely correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation is already familiar to many athletes and sports teams because it improves athletic performance and increases playing longevity. Thus, athletes should consider vitamin D supplementation to serve as an additional means by which to reduce risk of COVID-19 and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Henry Lahore
- VitaminDWiki, 2289 Highland Loop, Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA;
| | - Michelle S. Rockwell
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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24
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Ziouziou I, Touzani AM, Lahlou L, Shariat SF, Sanguedolce F, Neuzillet Y, Ajdi F, Khabbal Y. Association of Prostate Cancer with Nuts, Seeds, Alcohol and Processed Meats: A Worldwide Population-Based Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2538-2545. [PMID: 33148052 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1841250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting data with regards to the link between diet and the prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of dietary factors with incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of prostate cancer worldwide. We conducted an ecological study including 170 countries, whose data on incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of prostate cancer, dietary factors, and potentially confounding factors were available and collected in May 2020. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used. Consumption of nuts and seeds was inversely associated with incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (β -0.7, P < 0.001; β -2.1, P < 0.001; β -0.1, P = 0.02; respectively). Intake of alcohol was associated with increased incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (β 1.8, P < 0.001; β 4.5, P < 0.001; β 0.4, P < 0.001; respectively). Consumption of processed meats was also associated with increased incidence and prevalence rates of prostate cancer (β 0.6, P = 0.003; β 2.8, P = 0.001; respectively). These data suggest that consumption of nuts and seeds have a protective effect against prostate carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis, while alcohol and processed meat increase these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Ziouziou
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Agadir, Agadir, Morocco.,Médecine Translationnelle et Epidémiologie, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Alae M Touzani
- Department of Urology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Lahlou
- Médecine Translationnelle et Epidémiologie, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Francesco Sanguedolce
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yann Neuzillet
- Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Foch, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
| | - Farida Ajdi
- Médecine Translationnelle et Epidémiologie, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.,Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Agadir, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Khabbal
- Médecine Translationnelle et Epidémiologie, Laboratoire des Sciences de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.,Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Agadir, Agadir, Morocco
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25
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Rozmus D, Ciesielska A, Płomiński J, Grzybowski R, Fiedorowicz E, Kordulewska N, Savelkoul H, Kostyra E, Cieślińska A. Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and Its Gene Polymorphisms-The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7822. [PMID: 33105665 PMCID: PMC7659952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important component of the endocrine system that controls calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Because of the very short half-life of free serum vitamin D it is stabilized and transported to target tissues by being bound to the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). The most common polymorphisms: rs4588 and rs7041 in the vitamin D binding protein gene may correlate with differences in vitamin D status in the serum. This review presents data that relate to the presence of genetic variants in the VDBP gene in correlation with certain diseases, mostly concerning cancers (breast, prostate, pancreatic, lung, colorectal, basal cell carcinoma cancer and cutaneous melanoma) or other related diseases (thyroid autoimmunity disorders, obesity, diabetes mellitus, bone metabolism, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis and coronary artery diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Rozmus
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (N.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Alicja Ciesielska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (N.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Janusz Płomiński
- Clinical Department of Trauma-Orthopedic Surgery and Spine Surgery of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.P.); (R.G.)
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roman Grzybowski
- Clinical Department of Trauma-Orthopedic Surgery and Spine Surgery of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.P.); (R.G.)
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (N.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Natalia Kordulewska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (N.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Huub Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (N.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (E.F.); (N.K.); (E.K.)
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26
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Papageorgiou SΤ, Myrogiannis I, Mykoniatis I, Papamitsou T, Bogdanos DP, Goulis DG. Dietary Factors and Supplements Influencing Prostate Specific-Antigen (PSA) Concentrations in Men with Prostate Cancer and Increased Cancer Risk: An Evidence Analysis Review Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102985. [PMID: 33003518 PMCID: PMC7600271 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for dietary patterns and supplements efficient in down-regulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations among men with prostate cancer (PCa) or increased PCa risk has been long. Several antioxidants, including lycopene, selenium, curcumin, coenzyme Q10, phytoestrogens (including isoflavones and flavonoids), green tea catechins, cernitin, vitamins (C, E, D) and multivitamins, medicinal mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum), fruit extracts (saw palmetto, cranberries, pomegranate), walnuts and fatty acids, as well as combined supplementations of all, have been examined in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans, on the primary, secondary, and tertiary PCa prevention level. Despite the plethora of trials and the variety of examined interventions, the evidence supporting the efficacy of most dietary factors appears inadequate to recommend their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.G.); (D.P.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.G.); (D.P.B.)
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.Τ.P.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (D.G.G.)
| | - Stefanos Τ. Papageorgiou
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.Τ.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Myrogiannis
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.Τ.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Mykoniatis
- Institute for the Study of Urological Diseases (ISUD), 33 Nikis Avenue, GR-54622 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- 1st Department of Urology and Center for Sexual and Reproductive Health, G. Gennimatas—Aghios Demetrius General Hospital, 41 Ethnikis Amynis Street, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54635 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.G.); (D.P.B.)
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King’s College London Medical School, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (D.G.G.)
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27
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Role of vitamin D 3 in selected malignant neoplasms. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110964. [PMID: 32877827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble essential nutrient that affects multiple biologic functions in the organism through calcitriol and the vitamin D3 receptor. This review article focuses on the results of studies on the relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and cancer incidence or mortality, but also on the anticancer properties of vitamin D3 that support its significant role in the prevention, clinical course, and overall survival rates of selected cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, and malignant melanoma). The mechanisms of vitamin D3 action involve, among others, polymorphism of vitamin D3 receptor, cell cycle, caspases, and cancer stem cells. The level of vitamin D3 has been also demonstrated to serve as a biomarker in some cancers, and high levels of vitamin D3 can be conducive to successful cancer therapy.
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28
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Vitamin D Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143219. [PMID: 32679655 PMCID: PMC7397283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and its active metabolites are important nutrients for human skeletal health. UV irradiation of skin converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3, which metabolized in the liver and kidneys into its active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Apart from its classical role in calcium and phosphate regulation, scientists have shown that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all tissues of the body, hence it has numerous biological effects. These includes fetal and adult homeostatic functions in development and differentiation of metabolic, epidermal, endocrine, neurological and immunological systems of the body. Moreover, the expression of vitamin D receptor in the majority of immune cells and the ability of these cells to actively metabolize 25(OH)D3 into its active form 1,25(OH)2D3 reinforces the important role of vitamin D signaling in maintaining a healthy immune system. In addition, several studies have showed that vitamin D has important regulatory roles of mechanisms controlling proliferation, differentiation and growth. The administration of vitamin D analogues or the active metabolite of vitamin D activates apoptotic pathways, has antiproliferative effects and inhibits angiogenesis. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview on the effects of vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) in regulating inflammation, different cell death modalities and cancer. It also aims to investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of vitamin D and its analogues as anticancer agents.
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29
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Kensler KH, Rebbeck TR. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:267-277. [PMID: 32024765 PMCID: PMC7006991 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Kensler
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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30
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Song D, Deng Y, Liu K, Zhou L, Li N, Zheng Y, Hao Q, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Li H, Dai Z. Vitamin D intake, blood vitamin D levels, and the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12708-12732. [PMID: 31884419 PMCID: PMC6949087 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that blood vitamin D levels are linked to cancer. Here we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis based on published observational studies to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and blood vitamin D levels with breast cancer susceptibility. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched up to January 2019. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to estimate the risk. We identified 70 relevant studies on blood vitamin D levels (50 studies) and vitamin D intake (20 studies), respectively. Linear and nonlinear trend analyses were performed and showed that an increase in blood vitamin D levels by 5 nmol/l was associated with a 6% decrease in breast cancer risk (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.93-0.96). Similar results were obtained for premenopausal (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99) and postmenopausal women (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98). The pooled OR of breast cancer risk for a 400IU/day increase in vitamin D intake was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.92-1.02). In conclusion, we found that breast cancer risk was inversely related to blood vitamin D levels; however, no significant association was observed in vitamin D intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Breast Head and Neck Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Jiang X, Dimou NL, Al-Dabhani K, Lewis SJ, Martin RM, Haycock PC, Gunter MJ, Key TJ, Eeles RA, Muir K, Neal D, Giles GG, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer M, Pierce BL, Schildkraut JM, Warren Andersen S, Thompson D, Zheng W, Kraft P, Tsilidis KK. Circulating vitamin D concentrations and risk of breast and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:1416-1424. [PMID: 30597039 PMCID: PMC6934026 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested an association between circulating vitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] and risk of breast and prostate cancer, which was not supported by a recent Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis comprising 15 748 breast and 22 898 prostate-cancer cases. Demonstrating causality has proven challenging and one common limitation of MR studies is insufficient power. METHODS We aimed to determine whether circulating concentrations of vitamin D are causally associated with the risk of breast and prostate cancer, by using summary-level data from the largest ever genome-wide association studies conducted on vitamin D (N = 73 699), breast cancer (Ncase = 122 977) and prostate cancer (Ncase = 79 148). We constructed a stronger instrument using six common genetic variants (compared with the previous four variants) and applied several two-sample MR methods. RESULTS We found no evidence to support a causal association between 25(OH)D and risk of breast cancer [OR per 25 nmol/L increase, 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.97-1.08), P = 0.47], oestrogen receptor (ER)+ [1.00 (0.94-1.07), P = 0.99] or ER- [1.02 (0.90-1.16), P = 0.75] subsets, prostate cancer [1.00 (0.93-1.07), P = 0.99] or the advanced subtype [1.02 (0.90-1.16), P = 0.72] using the inverse-variance-weighted method. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any sign of directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Despite its almost five-fold augmented sample size and substantially improved statistical power, our MR analysis does not support a causal effect of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations on breast- or prostate-cancer risk. However, we can still not exclude a modest or non-linear effect of vitamin D. Future studies may be designed to understand the effect of vitamin D in subpopulations with a profound deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niki L Dimou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kawthar Al-Dabhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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32
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Goyal H, Perisetti A, Rahman MR, Levin A, Lippi G. Vitamin D and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Narrative Review. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1098-1109. [PMID: 30511197 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) performs various activities throughout the body. Although low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with several disease processes such as risk of fractures and falls, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, recent evidence attests that this important hormone also regulates several cellular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Calcitriol modulates several genes controlling gut physiology and calcium homeostasis and also maintains the integrity of epithelial barriers, regulates the absorption of phosphate and calcium, and modulates host defense against pathogens and inflammatory response by interplaying with several types of secretory and immune cells. Vitamin D deficiency is significantly related to increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. This deficiency can be prevented by vitamin D supplementation which is both economical and safe. This can lower the risk of developing cancer and also improve the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, but epidemiological data remain inconsistent. Several retrospective observational studies have demonstrated the benefits of vitamin D supplementation, but a few randomized controlled trials have not seemingly supported the beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation in gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, in this literature review, we aimed to examine the possible role of vitamin D in gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric, esophageal, pancreatic, hepatic, and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Goyal
- Mercer University School of Medicine, 707 Pine St, Macon, GA, 31201, USA.
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - M Rubayat Rahman
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Avi Levin
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Repurposing vitamin D for treatment of human malignancies via targeting tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:203-219. [PMID: 30972274 PMCID: PMC6437556 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells along with a small proportion of cancer stem cells exist in a stromal microenvironment consisting of vasculature, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and extracellular components. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies strongly support that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduced cancer risk and favorable prognosis. Experimental results suggest that vitamin D not only suppresses cancer cells, but also regulates tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor repression. In this review, we have outlined the current knowledge on epidemiological studies and clinical trials of vitamin D. Notably, we summarized and discussed the anticancer action of vitamin D in cancer cells, cancer stem cells and stroma cells in tumor microenvironment, providing a better understanding of the role of vitamin D in cancer. We presently re-propose vitamin D to be a novel and economical anticancer agent.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- Cancer stem cell
- Cancer-associated fibroblast
- DBP/GC, vitamin D-binding protein
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- GI, gastrointestinal
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- PG, prostaglandin
- PSC, pancreatic stellate cells
- TDEC, tumor derived endothelial cell
- TIC, tumor initiating cell
- TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor-derived endothelial cell
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR element
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vitamin D
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Sultan AS, Jessri M, Farah CS. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Oral health implications and oral cancer risk. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 50:316-322. [PMID: 30507043 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of evidence surrounding the potential detrimental effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for both systemic and oral health. The effects of conventional cigarettes on the development of oral cancer are well known; however, the role of ENDS in oral carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the exponential rise of the use of ENDS by the general public means that dental healthcare providers are more likely to encounter questions on their safety in the oral cavity, and on their effectiveness as a smoking cessation aid. Herein, we review the most up to date literature on the systemic and oral health complications of ENDS. Moreover, evidence-based recommendations on the use of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool within the dental setting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maryam Jessri
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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35
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Young MRI, Xiong Y. Influence of vitamin D on cancer risk and treatment: Why the variability? TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2018; 13:43-53. [PMID: 30369773 PMCID: PMC6201256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and cancer has long been studied, but the results have been variable. Thus, there does not seem to be a consensus on whether vitamin D has a beneficial anti-cancer effect. This review not only summarizes the association between vitamin D and cancer risk and results of clinical trials involving vitamin D, but explores some of the reasons that contribute to the variability of study outcomes. Highlighted are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to variability in the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation. Understanding these differences can personalize approaches to optimize the effectiveness of vitamin D in limiting cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rita I. Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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