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Reggiani F, Stella M, Calatroni M, Sinico RA. Treatment strategies for ANCA-associated vasculitides: from standard protocols to future horizons. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:765-780. [PMID: 38445642 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2326628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV), classified into granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis represent a group of disorders characterized by necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels, endothelial injury and tissue damage. The outcomes and prognosis of AAV have undergone significant changes with the introduction of glucocorticoids (GCs) and other immunosuppressants (cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil). The enhanced understanding of pathogenesis has subsequently led to the incorporation into clinical practice of drugs targeting specific therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED After an extensive literature search of Pubmed, Medline, Embase of the most recent evidence, we provide an overview of available treatments, highlighting how newer drugs have integrated into standard protocols. Our review also explores potential new therapeutic targets, including B cell depletion and inhibition, T cell inhibition, complement inhibition, and IL-5 and IgE inhibition. EXPERT OPINION There is hope that the new treatment targets currently under study in AAV may enable a faster and more lasting clinical response, ensuring the reduction of possible side effects from therapies. Moreover, numerous aspects necessitate further exploration in the future, such as tailoring of GCs, integration of GCs-sparing agents, efficacy of combination therapy, optimal maintenance therapy, to reduce organ-damage and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Stella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Calatroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Sircana MC, Erre GL, Castagna F, Manetti R. Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis? Life (Basel) 2024; 14:716. [PMID: 38929699 PMCID: PMC11204900 DOI: 10.3390/life14060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, although present in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, do not explain such a high burden of early cardiovascular disease in the context of these systemic connective tissue diseases. Over the past few years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has changed from it being a lipid-centric to an inflammation-centric process. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, the two most common systemic connective tissue diseases, and consider them as emblematic models of the effect of chronic inflammation on the human body. We explore the roles of the inflammasome, cells of the innate and acquired immune system, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, chemokines and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and the roles of certain autoantigens and autoantibodies, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein, which may play a pathogenetic role in atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.L.E.); (F.C.)
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Evangelidis N, Kotsiou N, Evangelidis P, Alevizopoulos VI, Dermitzakis I, Chissan S, Vakalopoulou S, Gavriilaki E. Genetics and Epigenetics in Acquired Hemophilia A: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5147-5160. [PMID: 38920981 PMCID: PMC11201880 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a bleeding disorder characterized by the immunological inhibition of factor VIII (FVIII) of the hemostatic pathway leading to hemorrhagic events. Different domains of FVIII are the target of autoantibodies (mainly immunoglobulin (Ig) G) leading to the deficiency of FVIII. Several factors have been associated with the activation of the auto-immunity towards FVIII. Emerging evidence implicates CD4+ T cell activation in mediating this autoimmune response, with their involvement like that observed in congenital hemophilia A. Several genes such as HLA II DRB*16, DQB1*0502, and CTLA-4 + 49 are responsible for the pathogenesis of AHA. Epigenetic modifications and mainly long-coding RNAS (lncRNAs) are potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of AHA. The treatment approach of AHA includes the management of acute bleeding events and the administration of immunosuppressive medications. This review aimed to summarize the published data on the genetics and epigenetics of AHA. The severity and the mortality of this disease are creating an emerging need for further research in the field of the genetics and epigenetics of acquired hemorrhagic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Evangelidis
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Nikolaos Kotsiou
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Paschalis Evangelidis
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Vlasios I. Alevizopoulos
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Sofia Chissan
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Sofia Vakalopoulou
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.E.); (N.K.); (P.E.); (V.I.A.); (S.C.); (S.V.)
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Zhou H, Yan J, Zhou K, Ji P, Wei Y, Hua Y. Effects of Huangqi Gancao Decoction on intestinal immunity and microbiota in immunocompromised mice models. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1390170. [PMID: 38756377 PMCID: PMC11097664 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1390170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The classical medicinal formula Huangqi Gancao Decoction (HQGCD), originating from the medical book" Yi Lin Gai Cuo". Up to now, the studies focusing on the immunoenhancement effects of HQGCD are few, and the actionpathway is not yet clear. Method In this study, SPF male KM mice were utilized as a model for immunosuppression. Comprehensive observations were made regarding the general behavior and condition of the mice, in addition to monitoring fluctuations in body weight and food intake. The blood routine index was measured, and morphological changes in the ileum and colon tissues were examined. The level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in ileum and colon tissues were quantified. Additionally, the bone marrow total DNA index was assessed. Flow cytometry analyzed the proportions of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T lymphocytes in small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Lastly, the composition and diversity of the cecal microbiota were evaluated using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Results After HQGCD intervention, there were no significant changes in the mice's feed intake and body weight. However, the tissue structures of the ileum and colon showed recovery. In the blood routine index, there was an increase in the total white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content. Additionally, the bone marrow total DNA index was elevated. Level of SOD and sIgA in ileum and colon tissues increased, while the level of MDA decreased. The proportions of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T lymphocytes within IELs increased, along with an increase in DP T lymphocytes in IELs (DP IELs), whereas the proportion of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes decreased. The cecal microbiota underwent changes, with an increase in the variety and number of beneficial microbiota. Conclusion HQGCD could restore the intestinal immune function of immunocompromised mice, and had a certain positive effect on cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhou
- Tranditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianpeng Yan
- Tranditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Animal Disease Control Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Tranditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Tranditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- Tranditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- Tranditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wang Z, Shao C, Shao J, Hao Y, Jin Y. Risk factors of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales intestinal colonization for subsequent infections in hematological patients: a retrospective case-control study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355069. [PMID: 38680915 PMCID: PMC11045900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Infections caused by Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) have high treatment costs, high mortality and few effective therapeutic agents. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for progression from intestinal colonization to infection in hematological patients and the risk factors for 30-day mortality in infected patients. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted in the Department of Hematology at Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from April 2018 to April 2022. Patients who developed subsequent infections were identified as the case group by electronic medical record query of patients with a positive rectal screen for CRE colonization, and patients who did not develop subsequent infections were identified as the control group by stratified random sampling. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis determined risk factors for developing CRE infection and risk factors for mortality in CRE-infected patients. Results Eleven hematological patients in the study developed subsequent infections. The overall 30-day mortality rate for the 44 hematological patients in the case-control study was 11.4% (5/44). Mortality was higher in the case group than in the control group (36.5 vs. 3.0%, P = 0.0026), and septic shock was an independent risk factor for death (P = 0.024). Univariate analysis showed that risk factors for developing infections were non-steroidal immunosuppressants, serum albumin levels, and days of hospitalization. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, immunosuppressants [odds ratio (OR), 19.132; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.349-271.420; P = 0.029] and serum albumin levels (OR, 0.817; 95% CI, 0.668-0.999; P = 0.049) were independent risk factors for developing infections. Conclusion Our findings suggest that septic shock increases mortality in CRE-infected hematological patients. Hematological patients with CRE colonization using immunosuppressive agents and reduced serum albumin are more likely to progress to CRE infection. This study may help clinicians prevent the onset of infection early and take measures to reduce mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Mirzadeh MA, Eslami M, Ghanbari A, Zarbakhsh S, Yosefi S, Pakdel A. Coadministration of doxorubicin with vitamin D3, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei in the 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer: anticancer and enteroprotective effects. Med Oncol 2024; 41:111. [PMID: 38592504 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (Dox) in the treatment of breast cancer negatively affects the intestines and other tissues. Many studies have proven that probiotics and vitamin D3 have antitumor and intestinal tissue-protecting properties. To achieve effectiveness and minimize side effects, the current study aims to administer Dox together with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei) and vitamin D3. Forty-two female BALB/c inbred mice were divided into six groups: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (Dox), Group 3 (Dox and probiotics), Group 4 (Dox and vitamin D3), Group 5 (Dox, probiotics, and vitamin D3), and Group 6 (probiotics and vitamin D3). The 4T1 mouse carcinoma cell line was injected into the mammary fat pad of each mouse. Gene expression was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The treated groups (except group 6) showed significantly reduced tumor volume and weight compared to the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Probiotics/vitamin D3 with Dox reduced chemotherapy toxicity and a combination of supplements had a significant protective effect against Dox (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). The treated groups (except 6) had significantly higher expression of Bax/Caspase 3 genes and lower expression of Bcl-2 genes than the control group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Coadministration of Dox with probiotics and vitamin D3 showed promising results in reducing tumor size, protecting intestinal tissue and influencing gene expression, suggesting a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment while reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mirzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sedighe Yosefi
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Raghu G, Montesi SB, Silver RM, Hossain T, Macrea M, Herman D, Barnes H, Adegunsoye A, Azuma A, Chung L, Gardner GC, Highland KB, Hudson M, Kaner RJ, Kolb M, Scholand MB, Steen V, Thomson CC, Volkmann ER, Wigley FM, Burlile D, Kemper KA, Knight SL, Ghazipura M. Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Evidence-based Recommendations. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:137-152. [PMID: 37772985 PMCID: PMC10806429 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-1113st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). To date, clinical practice guidelines regarding treatment for patients with SSc-ILD are primarily consensus based. Methods: An international expert guideline committee composed of 24 individuals with expertise in rheumatology, SSc, pulmonology, ILD, or methodology, and with personal experience with SSc-ILD, discussed systematic reviews of the published evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Predetermined conflict-of-interest management strategies were applied, and recommendations were made for or against specific treatment interventions exclusively by the nonconflicted panelists. The confidence in effect estimates, importance of outcomes studied, balance of desirable and undesirable consequences of treatment, cost, feasibility, acceptability of the intervention, and implications for health equity were all considered in making the recommendations. This was in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guideline development process, which is in compliance with the Institute of Medicine standards for trustworthy guidelines. Results: For treatment of patients with SSc-ILD, the committee: 1) recommends the use of mycophenolate; 2) recommends further research into the safety and efficacy of (a) pirfenidone and (b) the combination of pirfenidone plus mycophenolate; and 3) suggests the use of (a) cyclophosphamide, (b) rituximab, (c) tocilizumab, (d) nintedanib, and (e) the combination of nintedanib plus mycophenolate. Conclusions: The recommendations herein provide an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the treatment of patients with SSc-ILD and are intended to serve as the basis for informed and shared decision making by clinicians and patients.
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Hassanein EHM, Kamel EO, Gad-Elrab WM, Ahmed MA, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Ali FEM. Lansoprazole attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiopulmonary injury by modulating redox-sensitive pathways and inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2319-2335. [PMID: 36717473 PMCID: PMC10520119 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a classical chemotherapeutic drug widely used as an anticancer and immunosuppressive agent. However, it is frequently associated with significant toxicities to the normal cells of different organs, including the lung and heart. Lansoprazole (LPZ), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study investigated how LPZ protects against CPA-induced cardiac and pulmonary damage, focusing on PPARγ, Nrf2, HO-1, cytoglobin, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups: normal control group (received vehicle), LPZ only group (Rats received LPZ at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day P.O. for 10 days), CPA group (CPA was administered (200 mg/kg) as a single i.p. injection on the 7th day), and cotreatment group (LPZ plus CPA). Histopathological and biochemical analyses were conducted. Our results revealed that LPZ treatment revoked CPA-induced heart and lung histopathological alterations. Also, LPZ potently mitigated CPA-induced cardiac and pulmonary oxidative stress through the activation of PPARγ, Nrf2/HO-1, cytoglobin, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Also, LPZ effectively suppressed inflammatory response as evidenced by down-regulating the inflammatory strategic controller NF-κB, MPO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present findings could provide a mechanistic basis for understanding LPZ's role in CPA-induced cardiopulmonary injury through the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammatory burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Esam O Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wail M Gad-Elrab
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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Reggiani F, L’Imperio V, Calatroni M, Pagni F, Sinico RA. Renal involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1244651. [PMID: 37790127 PMCID: PMC10544898 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1244651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a necrotizing vasculitis, which typically affects small-to medium-sized blood vessels. It is characterized by the presence of tissue infiltrates rich in eosinophils, along with the formation of granulomatous lesions. About 40% of cases have positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA), with predominant perinuclear staining, and anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) specificity in about 65% of cases. Typical manifestations of EGPA include the late onset of asthma, nasal and sinus-related symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, and significant eosinophilia observed in the peripheral blood. In contrast to granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis, renal involvement in EGPA is less frequent (about 25%) and poorly studied. Necrotizing pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis is the most common renal presentation in patients with ANCA-positive EGPA. Although rarely, other forms of renal involvement may also be observed, such as eosinophilic interstitial nephritis, mesangial glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy, or focal sclerosis. A standardized treatment for EGPA with renal involvement has not been defined, however the survival and the renal outcomes are usually better than in the other ANCA-associated vasculitides. Nonetheless, kidney disease is an adverse prognostic factor for EGPA patients. Larger studies are required to better describe the renal involvement, in particular for patterns different from crescentic glomerulonephritis, and to favor the development of a consensual therapeutic approach. In this article, in addition to personal data, we will review recent findings on patient clinical phenotypes based on ANCA, genetics and the impact of biological drugs on disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo L’Imperio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Calatroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Mangó K, Fekete F, Kiss ÁF, Erdős R, Fekete JT, Bűdi T, Bruckner E, Garami M, Micsik T, Monostory K. Association between CYP2B6 genetic variability and cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11770. [PMID: 37479763 PMCID: PMC10361978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, an oxazaphosphorine prodrug is frequently used in treatment of neuroblastoma, which is one of the most prevalent solid organ malignancies in infants and young children. Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is the major catalyst and CYP2C19 is the minor enzyme in bioactivation and inactivation pathways of cyclophosphamide. CYP-mediated metabolism may contribute to the variable pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its toxic byproducts leading to insufficient response to the therapy and development of clinically significant side effects. The aim of the study was to reveal the contribution of pharmacogenetic variability in CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 to the treatment efficacy and cyclophosphamide-induced side effects in pediatric neuroblastoma patients under cyclophosphamide therapy (N = 50). Cyclophosphamide-induced hematologic toxicities were pivotal in all patients, whereas only moderate hepatorenal toxicity was developed. The patients' CYP2B6 metabolizer phenotypes were associated with the occurrence of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia as well as of liver injury, but not with kidney or urinary bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis) toxicities. Furthermore, the patients' age (< 1.5 years, P = 0.03) and female gender (P ≤ 0.02), but not CYP2B6 or CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotypes appeared as significant prognostic factors in treatment outcomes. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of CYP2B6 variability on cyclophosphamide-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Mangó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Erdős
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bűdi
- Center of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Bruckner
- Center of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Garami
- Center of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Micsik
- Fejér County Saint George University Teaching Hospital, Seregélyesi 3, 8000, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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Kanaoka K, Ihara S, Nakatani T, Minami S. Rituximab for the Treatment of Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Disease with Isolated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Intern Med 2023; 62:1971-1975. [PMID: 36261370 PMCID: PMC10372275 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0166-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease with isolated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is rare. We herein report a 91-year-old man admitted with hypoxia and diagnosed with anti-GBM disease with DAH based on positive bronchoalveolar lavage and serum antibody test results. There was no renal involvement. Although remission was achieved using glucocorticoids and plasmapheresis, the patient experienced DAH relapse one week after the last plasmapheresis. Rituximab 375 mg/m2 was administered 4 times weekly; thereafter, DAH relapse was not observed, and the glucocorticoid dosage was tapered. Rituximab was thus effective in treating anti-GBM disease with isolated DAH in an extremely elderly patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kanaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Police Hospital, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Police Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakatani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Police Hospital, Japan
| | - Seigo Minami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Police Hospital, Japan
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Krishnan A, Walsh M, Collister D. Management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a changing tide. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:278-283. [PMID: 36811629 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune disorders of small blood vessels. While outcomes in AAV have improved with the use of glucocorticoids (GC) and other immunosuppressants, these treatments are associated with significant toxicities. Infections are the major cause of mortality within the first year of treatment. There is a move towards newer treatments with better safety profiles. This review reflects on recent advances in the treatment of AAV. RECENT FINDINGS The role of plasma exchange (PLEX) in AAV with kidney involvement has been clarified with new BMJ guideline recommendations following the publication of PEXIVAS and an updated meta-analysis. Lower dose GC regimens are now standard of care. Avacopan (C5a receptor antagonist) was noninferior to a regimen of GC therapy and is a potential steroid-sparing agent. Lastly, rituximab-based regimens were noninferior to cyclophosphamide in two trials for induction of remission and superior to azathioprine in one trial of maintenance of remission. SUMMARY AAV treatments have changed tremendously over the past decade with a drive towards targeted PLEX use, increased rituximab use and lower GC dosing. Striking a crucial balance between morbidity from relapses and toxicities from immunosuppression remains a challenging path to navigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoushka Krishnan
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Walsh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton
| | - David Collister
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Osterholt T, Todorova P, Kühne L, Ehren R, Weber LT, Grundmann F, Benzing T, Brinkkötter PT, Völker LA. Repetitive administration of rituximab can achieve and maintain clinical remission in patients with MCD or FSGS. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6980. [PMID: 37117201 PMCID: PMC10141841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are glomerulopathies associated with nephrotic syndrome. Primary forms of these diseases are treated with various regimes of immunosuppression. Frequently relapsing or glucocorticoid-dependent courses remain challenging. Here, a B-cell-depleting strategy with rituximab represents a salvage option although data are sparse in the adult population. In particular, there is limited evidence on the efficacy of restoring remission after initial successful treatment with rituximab and whether patients benefit from an individualized, relapse-based approach. We identified 13 patients who received multiple therapies with rituximab from the FOrMe-registry (NCT03949972), a nationwide registry for MCD and FSGS in Germany, or from the University Hospital of Cologne. Disease status, changes in serum creatinine, proteinuria, and time to relapse were evaluated. Relapse-free survival was compared to the patients' previous therapy regimens. Through all treatment cycles, an improvement of disease activity was shown leading to a complete remission in 72% and partial remission in 26% after 3 ([Formula: see text]0.001) and 6 months ([Formula: see text]0.001). Relapse-free survival increased from 4.5 months (95%-CI 3-10 months) to 21 months (95%-CI 16-32 months) ([Formula: see text]0.001) compared to previous immunosuppression regimens with no loss in estimated glomerular filtration over time (p = 0.53). Compared to continuous B-cell depletion, an individualized relapse-based approach led to a reduced rituximab exposure and significant cost savings. Relapse-based administration of rituximab in patients with MCD/FSGS with an initial good clinical response did not result in a decreased efficacy at a median follow-up duration of 110 months. Thus, reinduction therapies may provide an alternative to continuous B-cell-depletion and reduce the long-term side effects of continuous immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Osterholt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Polina Todorova
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucas Kühne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rasmus Ehren
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz Thorsten Weber
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Thomas Brinkkötter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Linus Alexander Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Yadav V, Krishnan A, Zahiruddin S, Ahmad S, Vohora D. Amelioration of cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and hepato- and neurotoxicity by Piper longum extract in rats: The role of γH2AX and 8-OHdG. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147823. [PMID: 36969834 PMCID: PMC10036401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of genoprotectants is a promising strategy for improving human health. Piper longum has drawn scientific attention because of its diverse biological effects and traditional utilization. The current investigation aims to evaluate the genome-stabilizing potential of Piper longum against cyclophosphamide-associated genotoxicity.Methods: We adopted a funnel screening with a three-tier evaluation approach, where Piper longum was investigated in an acellular medium, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a rodent model. The genoprotective action of the Piper longum extract was initially performed with plasmid pBluescript SK(-) DNA. Furthermore, the extract and various fractions were screened against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity using a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and a chromosomal aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The genome-stabilizing action of the extract and potent (hexane) fraction was further confirmed in vivo in Wistar albino rats by evaluating them using mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus tests, DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), γH2AX, and histopathological lesions in the liver and hippocampus. Additionally, acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for rats. Furthermore, the extract was quantified and characterized by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The Piper longum ethanol extract was shown to protect plasmid pBluescript SK(-) DNA against H2O2-induced strand breaks. In human lymphocytes, the extract and hexane fraction showed a reduction in micronucleus formation (p < 0.001) and chromosomal aberrations (p < 0.01) against cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, the extract and fraction treatment, when administered at 200 mg/kg for 28 days in Wistar rats, restored cyclophosphamide-induced genomic instability by reducing micronucleus formation and DNA fragmentation; restoring redox homeostasis; decreasing 8-OHdG, a hallmark of oxidative DNA damage; reducing γH2AX, a DNA double-strand break (DSB) marker; and preserving the liver and hippocampus against histopathological lesions. The extract and fraction revealed no signs of systemic toxicity at the used doses. Piperine and piperlongumine are the major alkaloids quantified along with the presence of flavonoids in the ethanol extract and the presence of fatty acids and terpenoids in the hexane fraction of Piper longum.Conclusion: Our investigation confirms the genoprotective action of Piper longum by reducing cyclophosphamide-associated cytogenotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepato- and neurotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage, and DNA double-strand breaks. The outcomes are critical for mitigating the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy recipients, requiring further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Divya Vohora,
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Primary Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:483-488. [PMID: 37028848 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities of cardiac structure and function can be detected on routine cardiopulmonary screening that is the standard of care for SSc monitoring. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-extracellular volume (indicating diffuse fibrosis) and cardiac biomarkers may identify at-risk patients who would benefit from further evaluation including screening for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias with implantable loop recorders. The role of algorithm-based cardiac evaluation both before and after therapeutic initiation is one of the many unmet needs for SSc clinical care.
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Gholamnezhad Z, Rouki V, Rezaee R, Boskabady MH. Medicago sativa ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia and oxidative stress in rats. TOXIN REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2023.2175870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vajihe Rouki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mudigunda SV, Pemmaraju DB, Sankaranarayanan SA, Rengan AK. Bioactive Polymeric Nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera Induced Phyto-Photothermal Sensitization for the Enhanced Therapy of Retinoblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020475. [PMID: 36839797 PMCID: PMC9965703 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of retinoblastoma is limited due to its delayed detection and inaccesbility of drugs to reach the retina crossing the blood-retinal barrier. With the advancements in nanotechnology, photothermal therapy (PTT) employing plasmonic nanomaterials and/or NIR dyes have emerged as an affordable alternative owing to the spatial control that is offered by the modality leading to localized and enhanced therapeutic efficacy with minimal invasiveness. However, the modality is limited in its clinical application owing to the increased heat shock resistance of the tumor cells in response to the heat that is generated via PTT. Hence, in this study, we explore the role of novel biomolecular fraction of Moringa oleifera (DFM) encapsulated within a polymeric nanosystem, for its anti-heat shock protein (HSP) activity. The MO extract was co-encapsulated with NIR sensitizing dye, IR820 into a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) nano-delivery system (PMIR NPs). The photothermal transduction efficacy of PMIR NPs was validated in vitro against retinoblastoma cell lines. The inherent fluorescence of DFM was utilized to evaluate the cellular internalization of the PMIR NPs using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The overall oxidative protein damage and downregulation of HSP70 expression upon treatment with PMIR NPs and NIR laser irradiation was evaluated using densiometric protein analysis and Western blotting. Overall, the PMIR NPs exhibited excellent anti-cancer activity when combined with PTT with downregulated HSP70 expression against retinoblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Venkata Mudigunda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Deepak B. Pemmaraju
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | | | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-(40)-2301-6106
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18
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Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010056. [PMID: 36676680 PMCID: PMC9866503 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) aims to decrease disease activity, progression, systemic compromise, and mortality. Among the pharmacological alternatives, there are chemically synthesized drugs whose efficacy has been evaluated, but which have the potential to generate adverse events that may compromise adherence and response to treatment. Therapy selection and monitoring will depend on patient characteristics and the safety profile of each drug. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the most important synthetic drugs used in the treatment of SLE, including the current treatment options (mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide), review their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and, most importantly, provide monitoring parameters that should be considered while the patient is receiving the pharmacotherapy.
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19
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Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Açai Berry Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Damage in Genitourinary Axis-Modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122355. [PMID: 36552563 PMCID: PMC9774754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used to treat different malignancies and autoimmune disorders in men. This chemotherapy frequently reduces tumors, which is beneficial, but also causes infertility because of severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the bladder and testes brought on by its metabolite, acrolein. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel food, açai berry, in preventing CYP-induced damage in the bladder and testes. METHODS CYP was administered intraperitoneally once during the experiment at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in 10 mL/kg b.w. of water. Açai berry was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg. RESULTS The administration of açai berry was able to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and histological changes in the bladder and testes after CYP injection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show for the first time that açai berry modulates physiological antioxidant defenses to protect the bladder and testes against CYP-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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20
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Ni B, Liu Y, Gao X, Cai M, Fu J, Yin X, Ni J, Dong X. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates emodin-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro through Nrf2 pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109430. [PMID: 35944824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emodin (EMO), the main bioactive component of Polygonum multiflorum, Rheum palmatum, Aloe vera and Cassia acutifolia, can cause severe hepatotoxicity. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid compound from the Glycyrrhiza, has been reported to be the most potent antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase inducer among the main components of licorice. But the protective effect and underlying mechanism of ISL on liver injury induced by EMO has not been reported. This study aims to explore the role of nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) in EMO-induced hepatotoxicity and the protective effect of ISL. EMO treatment caused cytotoxicity in L-02 cells. Combined treatment of EMO with ISL effectively reversed changes in cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, enhanced the levels of glutathione (GSH) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) induced by EMO in L-02 cells. Furthermore, ISL could also phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and up-regulate Kelth-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1). The pathways of MAPKs and Keap1 lead to the separation of Keap1 and Nrf2. Free Nrf2 transferred to the nucleus and enhanced the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes. In conclusion, our results are the first to highlight the beneficial role and relevant mechanisms of ISL in EMO-induced liver injury and provide novel insight into its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Ni
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mengru Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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21
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Wen S, Zhao Y, Liu S, Chen Y, Yuan H, Xu H. Polystyrene microplastics exacerbated liver injury from cyclophosphamide in mice: Insight into gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156668. [PMID: 35710014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have infiltrated human food system globally, and the latent health risks have been well-described. However, the impact of pre-consumed MPs on liver resistance to foreign robust stimuli remains unclear. In this study, we developed a mouse model drinking roughly 18 and 180 μg/kg/day polystyrene MPs for 90 days, then intraperitoneally injected mice with 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX) to investigate whether chronic pre-exposure to MPs aggravates hepatoxicity induced by CTX. Slight liver injury was found in single CTX-treated mice, while more significant liver histopathological damage, inflammation and oxidative stress elicited by CTX were observed in pre-drinking MPs mice. Moreover, chronic exposure of MPs induced remarkable colonic impairments (e.g., leaky gut, mild inflammation and repressed antioxidant activity) as well as gut microbiota perturbation, which manifested positive association with aggravated hepatotoxicity via spearman correlation analysis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) trail was conducted to ulteriorly demonstrate the critical role of MPs-altered gut bacteria in exaggerated liver susceptibility to CTX stimulation. In conclusion, our study provided an insight that the adverse impact of MPs could be best revealed when animals suffering attack from hazardous substance. It also contributes to comprehensive assessment of health risk from environmentally pervasive MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yanbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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22
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Zhang N, Tian Y, Wang Y, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Xing X, Nan B, Ai Z, Li X, Wang Y. Ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp2 against cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113433. [PMID: 36122811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a widely used anticancer drug that can cause liver injury, but there is no effective treatment available at present. The antioxidant properties of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp2 in vitro and its effect on CTX-induced liver injury in mice were investigated thoroughly. The order of antioxidant capacity of the fermentate of Lp2 was as followed: fermented supernatant > cell-free extract > intact cell. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg/kg BW/d CTX for 3 days to build a liver injury model, then treated with Lp2 fermented supernatant (Lp2-s) and Lp2 culture broth (Lp2). After 10 days, the indicators of oxidative stress and liver injury were measured. Both Lp2-s and Lp2 restored the levels of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA, GSH, ALT, and AST. The western blotting results showed that Lp2-s and Lp2 ameliorated CTX-induced oxidative damage and hepatocyte apoptosis via inhibiting MAPKs pathway and strengthening Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 antioxidant defense system, thus inhibiting the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. Therefore, both Lp2-s and Lp2 had similar protective effects on CTX-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, 130118, China.
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23
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Ghilardi G, Chong EA, Svoboda J, Wohlfarth P, Nasta SD, Williamson S, Landsburg JD, Gerson JN, Barta SK, Pajarillo R, Myers J, Chen AI, Schachter L, Yelton R, Ballard HJ, Hodges Dwinal A, Gier S, Victoriano D, Weber E, Napier E, Garfall A, Porter DL, Jäger U, Maziarz RT, Ruella M, Schuster SJ. Bendamustine is safe and effective for lymphodepletion before tisagenlecleucel in patients with refractory or relapsed large B-cell lymphomas. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:916-928. [PMID: 35690221 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) is now a standard treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas; however, a significant portion of patients do not respond to CAR-T and/or experience toxicities. Lymphodepleting chemotherapy is a critical component of CAR-T that enhances CAR-T-cell engraftment, expansion, cytotoxicity, and persistence. We hypothesized that the lymphodepletion regimen might affect the safety and efficacy of CAR-T. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the safety and efficacy of lymphodepletion using either fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (n = 42) or bendamustine (n = 90) before tisagenlecleucel in two cohorts of patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas treated consecutively at three academic institutions in the United States (University of Pennsylvania, n = 90; Oregon Health & Science University, n = 35) and Europe (University of Vienna, n = 7). Response was assessed using the Lugano 2014 criteria and toxicities were assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 and, when possible, the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) consensus grading. RESULTS Fludarabine/cyclophosphamide led to more profound lymphocytopenia after tisagenlecleucel infusion compared with bendamustine, although the efficacy of tisagenlecleucel was similar between the two groups. We observed significant differences, however, in the frequency and severity of adverse events. In particular, patients treated with bendamustine had lower rates of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. In addition, higher rates of hematological toxicities were observed in patients receiving fludarabine/cyclophosphamide. Bendamustine-treated patients had higher nadir neutrophil counts, hemoglobin levels, and platelet counts, as well as a shorter time to blood count recovery, and received fewer platelet and red cell transfusions. Fewer episodes of infection, neutropenic fever, and post-infusion hospitalization were observed in the bendamustine cohort compared with patients receiving fludarabine/cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSIONS Bendamustine for lymphodepletion before tisagenlecleucel has efficacy similar to fludarabine/cyclophosphamide with reduced toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, infectious and hematological toxicities, as well as reduced hospital utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghilardi
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - E A Chong
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Svoboda
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - P Wohlfarth
- Medical University of Vienna, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I Wien, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - S D Nasta
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S Williamson
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Adult Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Portland, USA
| | - J D Landsburg
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J N Gerson
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S K Barta
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - R Pajarillo
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Myers
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Adult Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Portland, USA
| | - A I Chen
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Adult Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Portland, USA
| | - L Schachter
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Adult Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Portland, USA
| | - R Yelton
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - H J Ballard
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Hodges Dwinal
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Adult Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Portland, USA
| | - S Gier
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D Victoriano
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - E Weber
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - E Napier
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Garfall
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D L Porter
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - U Jäger
- Medical University of Vienna, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I Wien, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - R T Maziarz
- Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Adult Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant & Cell Therapy Program, Portland, USA
| | - M Ruella
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S J Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Cellular Therapy and Transplant, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Cardoso RM, Becker RW, Jachstet LA, Scunderlick D, Dallegrave A, Ruiz-Padillo A, Sirtori C. Qualitative evaluation of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in hospital effluent: Influence of sample preparation technique and outranking by environmental risk using the ELECTRE method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155119. [PMID: 35398122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in effluents has become a serious environmental problem, so it is essential to be able to monitor these microcontaminants using qualitative approaches, as well as to assess the potential environmental risks that such compounds may present. Therefore, in this study, suspect screening analysis was performed of 2030 pharmaceuticals and metabolites in hospital effluent samples, applying different sample preparation techniques. Additionally, a pioneering association of (Q)SAR assessment of identified contaminants with the ELECTRE multi-criteria decision analysis technique made it possible to prioritize analytes according to their environmental risk, in order to enable their inclusion in environmental monitoring programs. The results showed that the most advantageous alternative sample preparation technique consisted of cleanup (100 mg of silica/alumina sorbent) + dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (7.5 of aqueous matrix, 325 μL of chloroform (extracting solvent), and 500 μL of acetonitrile as dispersing solvent). This procedure resulted in the identification of 70 pharmaceuticals and metabolites in the composite sample tested. The suspect screening analysis found a total of 105 microcontaminants, 28 of them being "confirmed compounds" and 77 being "suspect compounds". Of the compounds identified, 87% were pharmaceuticals and 13% were metabolites. The compounds identified were subsequently evaluated using different open access software packages, considering eight endpoints: mobility, persistence, estrogen receptor binding, wastewater treatment plant total removal, biodegradability, PBT (persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic), mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. The (Q)SAR prediction results were used as input data for the ELECTRE outranking method. Categorization of the identified compounds by ELECTRE resulted in the kernel (priority compounds) and a further 19 groups. ELECTRE sensitivity evaluation indicated that for all the cases, the kernel and the following two groups coincided. The categorization provided by the ELECTRE method constitutes a highly intuitive decision and choice tool, which can assist in the selection of compounds if subsequent quantitative analysis is to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Martins Cardoso
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Wielens Becker
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Alves Jachstet
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Davi Scunderlick
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Dallegrave
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Padillo
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory, Transportation Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., 1000 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide after Matched Sibling and Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158748. [PMID: 35955881 PMCID: PMC9368975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-relapse mortality due to GVHD and infections represents a major source of morbidity and mortality in pediatric HSCT recipients. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has emerged as an effective and safe GVHD prophylaxis strategy, with improved GVHD and relapse-free survival in matched (related and unrelated) and mismatched haploidentical HSCT adult recipients. However, there are no published data in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received matched-donor HSCT with PTCy. We demonstrate, in this case series, that the use of PTCy in this population is potentially safe, effective in preventing acute GVHD, does not impair engraftment, is associated with reduced non-relapse mortality, and does not hinder immune reconstitution post HSCT.
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26
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Zhang Z, Cheng Q, Liu Y, Peng C, Wang Z, Ma H, Liu D, Wang L, Wang C. Zinc-Enriched Yeast May Improve Spermatogenesis by Regulating Steroid Production and Antioxidant Levels in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3712-3722. [PMID: 34664181 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for the human body. This nutrient is involved in numerous physiological functions and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Zn-enriched yeast (ZnY) is considered a Zn supplement with high bioavailability and is widely used as a functional food. However, the effect of ZnY on male reproductive function remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of ZnY on the treatment of male spermatogenesis disorders. The spermatogenic dysfunctional mice were established by using cyclophosphamide (CP). CP was administered in saline at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day for 5 days by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Then, ZnY was orally supplemented at the dose levels of 2, 4, and 8 mg Zn/kg bw/day for 30 days. CP significantly decreased the sperm density and viability, testicular marker enzymes, serum testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). ZnY supplementation significantly improved these sperm parameters and hormone levels. Additionally, ZnY decreased the CP-induced lipid peroxidation and increased the glutathione levels. Moreover, ZnY increased the gene expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and steroid synthetase in mouse testes. The low-dose ZnY supplementation has a better effect on improving spermatogenesis, while the other two groups are less beneficial roles possibly due to excessive Zn intake. The present results suggest that appropriate ZnY can act as an accessory factor to improve steroid production and antioxidant levels in spermatogenic dysfunction mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang, 443000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjiao Liu
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang, 443000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Engin S, Barut EN, Yaşar YK, Soysal AÇ, Arıcı T, Kerimoğlu G, Kadıoğlu M, Sezen SF. Trimetazidine attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by inhibiting TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling in mice. Life Sci 2022; 301:120590. [PMID: 35504331 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis is a challenging clinical problem involving inflammation and dysfunction of bladder. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-anginal drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of TMZ in CP-induced cystitis via inhibiting TLR4/NFκB signaling. MAIN METHODS Balb/c mice were administrated TMZ (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 5 consecutive days before CP. On day 6, cystitis was induced by a single dose of CP (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium; 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 20 min before and at 4 and 8 h after the CP injection. After 24 h of cystitis induction, the bladders were removed for histopathological evaluation, contractility studies, biochemical analysis and western blotting. MTT assay was performed in a cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) to evaluate the effect of TMZ on the cytotoxicity of CP. KEY FINDINGS CP-induced severe cystitis was confirmed by histological disturbances and the decrease in carbachol-evoked contractions of detrusor strips, which was partially improved by TMZ (20 mg/kg/day). SOD activity and GSH content were decreased whereas TNF-α and IL-1β levels were increased in the bladders of CP-treated mice, which were restored by TMZ or mesna. TMZ reduced the CP-induced increase in the protein expressions of caspase-3, TLR4 and phosphorylated-NFκB in bladder tissues. TMZ alone decreased the cell viability and TMZ also enhanced the cytotoxicity of CP. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides the first preclinical evidence that TMZ attenuates CP-induced urotoxicity by enhancing anti-oxidant capacity and suppressing inflammation possibly via downregulating TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling while augmenting the cytotoxicity of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçkin Engin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye.
| | - Elif Nur Barut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Yeşim Kaya Yaşar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye; Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Aysun Çelik Soysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkiye
| | - Tuğba Arıcı
- Başaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gökçen Kerimoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Mine Kadıoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Sena F Sezen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye; Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
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Abeesh P, Guruvayoorappan C. Preparation and characterization of beta sitosterol encapsulated nanoliposomal formulation for improved delivery to cancer cells and evaluation of its anti-tumor activities against Daltons Lymphoma Ascites tumor models. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Nabizadeh F, Momtaz S, Ghanbari-Movahed M, Qalekhani F, Mohsenpour H, Aneva IY, Bishayee A, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia management using multitargeting bioactive natural compounds: A systematic and critical review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106116. [PMID: 35122954 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pALL), a malignancy of the lymphoid line of blood cells, accounts for a large percentage of all childhood leukemia cases. Although the 5-year survival rate for children with ALL has greatly improved over years, using chemotherapeutics as its first-line treatment still causes short- and long-term side effects. Furthermore, induction of toxicity and resistance, as well as the high cost, limit their application. Phytochemicals, with remarkable cancer preventive and chemotherapeutic characteristics, may serve as old solutions to new challenges. Bioactive plant secondary metabolites have exhibited promising antileukemic and adjunctive effects by targeting various molecular processes, including autophagy, cell cycle, angiogenesis, and extrinsic/intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Although numerous reports have shown that numerous plant secondary metabolites can interfere with the progression of malignancies, including leukemia, there was no comprehensive review article on the effect of phytochemicals on pALL. This systematic review aims to provide critical and cohesive analysis of the potential of various naturally-occurring metabolites in the management of pALL with the understanding of underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nabizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Karaj 141554364, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farshad Qalekhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technologies Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Hadi Mohsenpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6742775333, Iran
| | - Ina Yosifova Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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30
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Mombeini MA, Kalantar H, Sadeghi E, Goudarzi M, Khalili H, Kalantar M. Protective effects of berberine as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against nephrotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:187-194. [PMID: 34994821 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with nephrotoxicity that constrains its clinical application. Berberine is an isoquinoline derivative alkaloid with biological functions like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The current research intended to examine the nephroprotective impacts of berberine against cyclophosphamide-stimulated nephrotoxicity. METHODS Forty animal subjects were randomly separated into five categories of control (Group I), cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p., on 7th day) (Group II), and groups III and IV that received berberine 50 and 100 mg/kg orally for seven days and a single injection of cyclophosphamide on 7th day. Group V as berberine (100 mg/kg, alone). On day 8, blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus to determine serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as biomarkers for kidney injury. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as oxidative stress factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels as inflammatory mediators were assessed in kidney tissue. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrated that berberine was able to protect remarkably the kidney from CP-induced injury through decreasing the level of BUN, Cr, NGAL, KIM-1, NO, MDA TNF-α, IL-1β and increasing the level of GSH, CAT, SOD, and GPx activities. CONCLUSION Berberine may be employed as a natural agent to prevent cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Mombeini
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadeghi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khalili
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abu-Risha SE, Mousa MA, Elsisi AE. Protective role of irbesartan against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in rats via up-regulating PPAR-γ signaling and ameliorating NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-18 inflammatory axis. Life Sci 2022; 289:120218. [PMID: 34890588 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and its therapies can impact fertility in various ways, and therefore a growing number of cancer survivors face fertility as a significant concern. The cytotoxic alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used as an antineoplastic agent; unfortunately, its use is significantly associated with male infertility and damage to the reproductive system. AIM The present study aimed to assess the possible beneficial effects of Irbesartan (IRB) in a rat model of CP-induced testicular toxicity. MAIN METHODS The effects of treatment were assessed by measuring peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression via qRT-PCR, the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of apoptotic markers, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), determination of the count and viability of epididymal sperm, oxidative stress markers via biochemical analysis, serum testosterone, caspase-1, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels via ELISA, histopathological assessment, and fibrosis by Masson's trichrome (MT) stain. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), caspase-1, and IL-18 contents, NF-κB, NLRP3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, and MT staining in testicular tissue after CP administration compared to the normal control group. Whereas reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), PPAR-γ expression, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) staining, serum testosterone, and the count and viability of epididymal sperm were decreased compared to the normal control group. The IRB treatment has reversed CP-induced testicular toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE It is possible to conclude that IRB revealed a significant testicular protective effect against CP via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Abu-Risha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mai A Mousa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Ginsenoside Rg1 as a Potential Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:4633270. [PMID: 35003268 PMCID: PMC8741398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4633270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a purified, active component of the root or stem of ginseng, exerts positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Many recent studies have found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can develop into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mature blood cells, are another class of heterogeneous adult stem cells that can be regulated by Rg1. Rg1 can affect HSC proliferation and migration, regulate HSC/HPC differentiation, and alleviate HSC aging, and these findings potentially provide new strategies to improve the HSC homing rate in HSC transplantation and for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or other HSC/HPC dysplasia-induced diseases. In this review, we used bioinformatics methods, molecular docking verification, and a literature review to systematically explore the possible molecular pharmacological activities of Rg1 through which it regulates HSCs/HPCs.
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Adana MY, Imam A, Bello AA, Sunmonu OE, Alege EP, Onigbolabi OG, Salihu Ajao M. Oral thymoquinone modulates cyclophosphamide‐induced testicular toxicity in adolescent Wistar rats. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14368. [DOI: 10.1111/and.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Misturah Y. Adana
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Aminu Imam
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Ahmed A. Bello
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Olawale E. Sunmonu
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel P. Alege
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi G. Onigbolabi
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
| | - Moyosore Salihu Ajao
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria
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Principles and Guidelines of Immunotherapy in Neuromuscular Disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. The gastrointestinal epithelium is rich in rapidly dividing cells and hence is a prime target for chemotherapeutic drugs. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and mucositis, is extremely high for a wide array of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. In fact, 60%-100% of patients on high-dose chemotherapy suffer from gastrointestinal side effects. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited, and therapy is often restricted to palliative care. Therefore, there is a great unmet therapeutic need for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities in the clinic. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cells. Recent evidence has also implicated gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of not only chemotherapy-induced mucositis and diarrhea, but also chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents results in post-translational modification of ion channels altering neuronal excitability. Thus, investigating how chemotherapy-induced changes in the gut- microbiome axis may lead to gut-related toxicities will be critical in the discovery of new drug targets for mitigating adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Donald K Jessup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stanley Cheatham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Nano-Structured Lipid Carrier-Based Oral Glutathione Formulation Mediates Renoprotection against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity, and Improves Oral Bioavailability of Glutathione Confirmed through RP-HPLC Micellar Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247491. [PMID: 34946570 PMCID: PMC8706828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a new glutathione (GSH) oral formulation to enhance the delivery of GSH and counter the nephrotoxicity of the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP). A nanostructured lipid carrier glutathione formulation (GSH-NLCs) composed of glutathione (500 mg), stearic and oleic acid (300 mg, each), and Tween® 80 (2%, w/v) was prepared through the emulsification-solvent-evaporation technique, which exhibited a 452.4 ± 33.19 nm spheroidal-sized particulate material with narrow particle size distributions, −38.5 ± 1.4 mV zeta potential, and an entrapment efficiency of 79.8 ± 1.9%. The GSH formulation was orally delivered, and biologically tested to ameliorate the CP-induced renal toxicity in a rat model. Detailed renal morphology, before and after the GSH-NLCs administration, including the histopathological examinations, confirmed the ameliorating effects of the prepared glutathione formulation together with its safe oral delivery. CP-induced oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase depletion, elevation of malondialdehyde levels, depletion of Bcl-2 concentration levels, and upregulated NF-KB levels were observed and were controlled within the recommended and near normal/control levels. Additionally, the inflammatory mediator marker, IL-1β, serum levels were marginally normalized by delivery of the GHS-NLCs formulation. Oral administration of the pure glutathione did not exhibit any ameliorating effects on the renal tissues, which suggested that the pure glutathione is reactive and is chemically transformed during the oral delivery, which affected its pharmacological action at the renal site. The protective effects of the GSH-NLCs formulation through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects suggested its prominent role in containing CP-induced renal toxicity and renal tissue damage, together with the possibility of administrating higher doses of the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide, to achieve higher and effective anticancer action in combination with the GSH-NLCs formulation.
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Improvement of Astragalin on Spermatogenesis in Oligoasthenozoospermia Mouse Induced by Cyclophosphamide. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1738-1748. [PMID: 34846706 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 40% of infertile men are diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia and the incidence is still rising, but the effective treatments are not been found until now. Astragalin, one of the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, may be effective in the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia. This study investigated the pharmacological effects of astragalin for treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia in male mice, induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Male mice were intraperitoneally injected by CTX (50 mg/kg), and astragalin (30 mg/kg) was given via oral gavage once daily. RNA-seq analysis highlighted astragalin upregulated gene expression of anti-apoptosis (AKT1and BCL2-XL), cell proliferation (ETV1, MAPKAPK2, and RPS6KA5) and synthesis of testosterone (STAR, CYP11A1, and PRKACB), but downregulated gene expression of cell apoptosis (BAD, BCL-2, CASPASE9, and CASPASE3) in mouse testis. Astragalin also significantly reversed the reduction in body weight, reproductive organs index, and sperm parameters (sperm concentration, viability, and motility) induced by CTX, and restored testicular abnormal histopathologic morphology induced by CTX. Furthermore, astragalin dramatically rescued the gene expression related to spermatogenesis (AKT1, BCL-2, CASPASE9, CASPASE3, MAPKAPK2, RPS6KA5, STAR, and PRKACB), and increased the level of testosterone by improving related proteins (STAR, CYP11A1, PRKACB) for oligoasthenozoospermia induced by CTX. In conclusion, astragalin may be a potential beneficial agent for oligoasthenozoospermia by increasing the testosterone levels in testis.
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Glaubitz S, Zeng R, Rakocevic G, Schmidt J. Update on Myositis Therapy: from Today's Standards to Tomorrow's Possibilities. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:863-880. [PMID: 34781868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211115165353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory myopathies, in short, myositis, are heterogeneous disorders that are characterized by inflammation of skeletal muscle and weakness of arms and legs. Research over the past few years has led to a new understanding regarding the pathogenesis of myositis. The new insights include different pathways of the innate and adaptive immune response during the pathogenesis of myositis. The importance of non-inflammatory mechanisms such as cell stress and impaired autophagy has been recently described. New target-specific drugs for myositis have been developed and are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of pharmacological standards in myositis and provide an outlook of future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Glaubitz
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. Germany
| | - Rachel Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. Germany
| | - Goran Rakocevic
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville. United States
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. Germany
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Proteomic Research on the Antitumor Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216708. [PMID: 34771120 PMCID: PMC8588050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are increasingly being recognized as an important therapeutic modality in complementary oncology. Until now, more than 800 mushroom species have been known to possess significant pharmacological properties, of which antitumor and immunomodulatory properties have been the most researched. Besides a number of medicinal mushroom preparations being used as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, several isolates from mushrooms have been used as official antitumor drugs in clinical settings for several decades. Various proteomic approaches allow for the identification of a large number of differentially regulated proteins serendipitously, thereby providing an important platform for a discovery of new potential therapeutic targets and approaches as well as biomarkers of malignant disease. This review is focused on the current state of proteomic research into antitumor mechanisms of some of the most researched medicinal mushroom species, including Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Agrocybe aegerita, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinus edodes, as whole body extracts or various isolates, as well as of complex extract mixtures.
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Preparation and characterization of withaferin A loaded pegylated nanoliposomal formulation with high loading efficacy: In vitro and in vivo anti-tumour study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112335. [PMID: 34474886 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) is a natural steroidal lactone with promising therapeutic applications. However, its clinical application is limited due to the low bioavailability and hydrophobic nature. In this study, we had prepared PEGylated nanoliposomal withaferin A (LWA) using thin-film hydration method. Dynamic light scattering, Transmission electron microscopy, and HPLC were used to investigate the impact of prepared formulations on the size, charge, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency of the LWA. The prepared nanoliposomal system had spherical vesicles, with the mean particle size of 125 nm and had an encapsulation efficiency of 83.65% with good stability. The characterization results indicated that nanoliposomal formulation is able to improve biocompatibility and bioavailability of WA. In vitro drug release study showed that LWA had an enhanced sustained drug release effect than the free drug. In vitro studies using ascites cell lines (DLA and EAC) showed that LWA treatment could induce apoptosis in ascites cells evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst, and Giemsa staining. In vivo tumour study revealed that LWA treatment significantly reduced tumour growth and improved survival in DLA tumour bearing mice. In vivo results further demonstrated that LWA mitigated solid tumour development by regulating Ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression. The overall study results reveal that nanoliposome encapsulated WA exhibits therapeutic efficacy over WA in regulating tumour development as evidenced from ascites cell apoptosis as well as experimental tumour reduction studies.
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Khordad E, Alipour F, Pourabbas M, Mansouri S, Salimnejad R. Hepatoprotective Impact of Ghrelin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity in the Male Mice. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:407-412. [PMID: 34282601 DOI: 10.1055/a-1508-5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its vast spectrum of clinical usage, cyclophosphamide (CP) exerts many adverse impacts, including hepatotoxicity. Antioxidant properties of ghrelin might protect the liver from CP-induced toxicity. The current study aimed to assess the protective impacts of ghrelin on CP-induced liver toxicity. METHODS Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) Group 1 as control received no intervention,group 2 received cyclophosphamide (CP) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for five weeks and once a week. Group 3 received CP+ghrelin (CP+G), (80 µg/kg daily, i.p.) for five weeks. Group 4 received ghrelin with above-mentioned dose. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to remove liver tissuesfor histological and biochemical examination. RESULTS Malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased after CP treatment but ghrelin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA (P<0.05). Measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) noted a significant decrease in the CP group against the control group (P<0.05). Ghrelin treatment in the CP+G group considerably increased the TAC activity when compared to the CP group (P<0.05). Histological examinations also confirmed the hepatocyte necrosis, local bleeding and inflammation, vacuolation, and sinusoidal dilation in the CP group, ghrelin administration reduced the destructive effects of CP on the liver significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results reveal the hepatoprotective effect of ghrelin against CP. Therefore, ghrelin might be useful in protecting the body against the adverse impacts of injuries induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Khordad
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Pourabbas
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Somaieh Mansouri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ramin Salimnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Menè P, Moioli A, Stoppacciaro A, Lai S, Festuccia F. Acute Kidney Injury in Monoclonal Gammopathies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173871. [PMID: 34501317 PMCID: PMC8432219 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathies (MG) encompass a variety of disorders related to clonal expansion and/or malignant transformation of B lymphocytes. Deposition of free immunoglobulin (Ig) components (light or heavy chains, LC/HC) within the kidney during MG may result over time in multiple types and degrees of injury, including acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is generally a consequence of tubular obstruction by luminal aggregates of LC, a pattern known as “cast nephropathy”. Monoclonal Ig LC can also be found as intracellular crystals in glomerular podocytes or proximal tubular cells. Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal Ig deposits is another, less frequent form of kidney injury with a sizable impact on renal function. Hypercalcemia (in turn related to bone reabsorption triggered by proliferating plasmacytoid B cells) may lead to AKI via functional mechanisms. Pharmacologic treatment of MG may also result in additional renal injury due to local toxicity or the tumor lysis syndrome. The present review focuses on AKI complicating MG, evaluating predictors, risk factors, mechanisms of damage, prognosis, and options for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Menè
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Division of Nephrology, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(06)-3377-5949
| | - Alessandra Moioli
- Division of Nephrology, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonella Stoppacciaro
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francescaromana Festuccia
- Division of Nephrology, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.F.)
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Conrady CD, Yeh S. A Review of Ocular Drug Delivery Platforms and Drugs for Infectious and Noninfectious Uveitis: The Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1224. [PMID: 34452185 PMCID: PMC8399730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis refers to a broad group of inflammatory disorders of the eye that often require medical and surgical management to improve or stabilize vision and prevent vision-threatening pathological changes to the eye. Drug delivery to the eye to combat inflammation and subsequent complications from uveitic conditions is complex as there are multiple barriers to absorption limiting availability of the needed drug in the affected tissues. As such, there has been substantial interest in developing new drugs and drug delivery platforms to help reduce intraocular inflammation and its complications. In this review, we discuss the challenges of drug delivery, novel technologies recently approved for uveitis patient care and promising drug delivery platforms for uveitis and sequelae of ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Conrady
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Steven Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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Bou Zerdan M, Moussa S, Atoui A, Assi HI. Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity: Stressors and Evaluators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8242. [PMID: 34361007 PMCID: PMC8348050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system defends the body against certain tumor cells and against foreign agents such as fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. One of its main roles is to distinguish endogenous components from non-self-components. An unproperly functioning immune system is prone to primary immune deficiencies caused by either primary immune deficiencies such as genetic defects or secondary immune deficiencies such as physical, chemical, and in some instances, psychological stressors. In the manuscript, we will provide a brief overview of the immune system and immunotoxicology. We will also describe the biochemical mechanisms of immunotoxicants and how to evaluate immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; (M.B.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, 1100 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Ali Atoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; (M.B.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; (M.B.Z.); (A.A.)
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Masfria M, Marianne M, Permata YM, Octavio S, Mulyani S. Antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves in mice using micronucleus assay. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:232-235. [PMID: 34345600 PMCID: PMC8300332 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_380_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Cancer may occur due to gene mutation. Rhaphidophora pinnata is a plant that has many benefits, especially in the leaves which have been used traditionally to treat cancer. The aim of this research is to test the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles R. pinnata using the micronucleus method. The mice were induced with cyclophosphamide and then followed with the administration of nanoparticles of R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for 7 days. The antimutagenic activity was evaluated at the decrease in the number of micronucleus in 200 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) cells of mice bone marrow. The result showed that the reduction of amount of micronucleus in PCE of a negative control group, treatment groups, and normal group is 22.65%, 60.3%, 79.6%, 93.8%, and 100%. These results indicate that the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticle of R. pinnata increases proportionally as the doses were increased. It can be concluded that nanoparticles R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg have antimutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masfria Masfria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Department of Nanomedicine Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Marianne Marianne
- Department of Nanomedicine Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Yade Metri Permata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Steven Octavio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mulyani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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Koska V, Förster M, Brouzou K, Hatami M, Arat E, Aytulun A, Albrecht P, Aktas O, Küry P, Meuth SG, Kremer D. Case Report: Successful Stabilization of Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis With Ocrelizumab Following High-Dose Cyclophosphamide Rescue. Front Neurol 2021; 12:696807. [PMID: 34248832 PMCID: PMC8260950 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Marburg variant of multiple sclerosis (Marburg MS) is the most aggressive form of MS, often leading to death soon after onset. Here we describe the case of a 26-year-old Marburg MS patient presenting with severe neurological deficits requiring intensive care. In spite of more than 100 gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions, the patient recovered almost completely upon high-dose cyclophosphamide (HiCy) rescue treatment (four consecutive days with 50 mg/kg/day, cumulative absolute dose of 14 g). Following the acute treatment, her disease was stabilized by B cell depletion using ocrelizumab. Clinical amelioration was reflected by a decrease of MRI activity and a marked decline of serum neurofilament light chain levels. HiCy rescue treatment followed by ocrelizumab as a maintenance therapy prevented permanent disability and achieved an almost complete clinical and drastic radiological improvement in this Marburg MS patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Koska
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja Brouzou
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maryam Hatami
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ercan Arat
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ahmet Aytulun
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Clark JA, Yang Y, Ramos NC, Hillhouse HW. Selective oxidation of pharmaceuticals and suppression of perchlorate formation during electrolysis of fresh human urine. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117106. [PMID: 33933918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urine comprises only a small (~1%) volumetric fraction of municipal wastewater, but represents a dominant source of pharmaceuticals, many of which may pass through conventional wastewater treatment and pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Point-source treatment of source-separated urine presents a unique opportunity to degrade pharmaceuticals before dilution with wastewater, and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are one increasingly investigated option. However, they often lead to the formation of oxidation byproducts including chlorate, perchlorate at very high concentrations. Here, we show that the high urea content of fresh human urine suppresses the formation of oxychlorides by inhibiting formation of HOCl/OCl‒ during electrolysis, while still enabling pharmaceutical degradation due to the slow rate of urea oxidation by •OH. This results in improved performance compared to equivalent treatment of hydrolyzed aged urine. This electrochemical oxidation scheme is shown to degrade the model contaminants cyclophosphamide and sulfamethoxazole with surface-area-to-volume-normalized pseudo-first-order rate constants greater than 0.08 cm/min in authentic fresh human urine. It results in ~100 × decrease in pharmaceutical concentrations in 2 h while generating ~1000 × lower oxychloride byproduct concentrations in synthetic fresh urine than synthetic hydrolyzed aged urine matrixes. Importantly, this proof-of-principle shows that simple and safe electrochemical methods can be used for point-source-remediation of pharmaceuticals in fresh human urine (before storage and hydrolysis), without formation of significant oxychloride byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Clark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Institute, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Nathanael C Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Institute, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Hugh W Hillhouse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Institute, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA.
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Harish A, Schwartz SA. Targeted Anti-IL-5 Therapies and Future Therapeutics for Hypereosinophilic Syndrome and Rare Eosinophilic Conditions. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 59:231-247. [PMID: 31919743 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic inflammation is a component of many atopic diseases such as asthma, and biologics targeting eosinophils have been shown to be effective in subsets of these patients. However, there also are conditions in which eosinophils are the key inflammatory cells responsible for driving tissue damage. In these eosinophilic diseases such as hyper-eosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), the development of biologics inhibiting eosinophilic inflammation have offered targeted therapeutic strategies for patients that have not responded well to typical first line drugs, which often have significant adverse side effects with poor disease modification or recurrent relapse with significant morbidity. IL-5 has long been recognized as the key inflammatory cytokine involved in the priming and survival of eosinophils and their proliferation and maturation in eosinophilic disease. There are a number of trials and case series demonstrating the immunomodulatory benefits of anti-IL-5 therapies in these diseases with good clinical responses. Yet, due to the heterogeneity and rarity of these conditions, anti-IL-5 therapies have not resulted in disease remission for all patients. Clearly, further research into the use of anti-IL-5 therapies in various eosinophilic diseases is needed and ongoing investigation into other immune mechanisms underlying chronic eosinophilic diseases may provide alternative therapies for these challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasha Harish
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 1020 Youngs Road, Williamsville, NY, 14221, USA.
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 1020 Youngs Road, Williamsville, NY, 14221, USA
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Baharmi S, Kalantari H, Kalantar M, Goudarzi M, Mansouri E, Kalantar H. Pretreatment with Gallic Acid Mitigates Cyclophosphamide Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:204-212. [PMID: 34061011 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210531162741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (CP) as an alkylating compound has been widely applied to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. CP is observed to be nephrotoxic in humans and animals because it produces reactive oxygen species. Gallic acid (GA), a polyhydroxy phenolic compound, is reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE The current research aimed at evaluating the GA effect on CP-related renal toxicity. METHODS In total, 35 male mice were assigned to 5 groups. Group1: receiving normal saline, group 2: CP group, receiving one CP injection (200 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 6. Groups 3 and 4: GA+CP, GA (10 and 30 mg/kg; p.o.; respectively) received through six consecutive days plus CP on the 6th day 2 hr after the last dose of GA, group 5: received GA (30 mg/kg; p.o.) for six consecutive days. Then on day 7, blood samples were collected for determining creatinine (Cr), serum kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) concentration, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and IL-1β, TNF-α levels were assessed in renal tissue. RESULTS CP administration significantly increases KIM-1, NGAL, Cr, BUN, MDA, NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α level. It also decreases GSH concentration, SOD, GPx, and CAT function. Pretreatment with GA prevented these changes. Histopathological assessments approved the GA protective effect. CONCLUSION Our results showed that GA is possibly effective as a protective agent in cyclophosphamide-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Baharmi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Fusco R, Salinaro AT, Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Scuto M, Ontario ML, Crea R, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Calabrese V. Hidrox ® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050778. [PMID: 34068924 PMCID: PMC8156985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. METHODS The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40-50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w, in distilled water at 10 mL/kg b.w. The treatment was administered via the oral administration of Hidrox® at a dose of 50 mg/kg. RESULTS Our study confirms that the use of cyclophosphamide causes a series of sperm and histological alterations strongly connected with oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate for the first time that Hidrox® protects testes from CYP-induced alterations by the modulation of physiological antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC, 26225 Eden Landing Road, Unit C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA;
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (M.C. & S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (M.C. & S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy; (A.T.S.); (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
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