1
|
Satapathy S, Kumar S, Kurmi BD, Gupta GD, Patel P. Expanding the Role of Chiral Drugs and Chiral Nanomaterials as a Potential Therapeutic Tool. Chirality 2024; 36:e23698. [PMID: 38961803 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, the property of molecules having mirror-image forms, plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical and biomedical research. This review highlights its growing importance, emphasizing how chiral drugs and nanomaterials impact drug effectiveness, safety, and diagnostics. Chiral molecules serve as precise diagnostic tools, aiding in accurate disease detection through unique biomolecule interactions. The article extensively covers chiral drug applications in treating cardiovascular diseases, CNS disorders, local anesthesia, anti-inflammatories, antimicrobials, and anticancer drugs. Additionally, it explores the emerging field of chiral nanomaterials, highlighting their suitability for biomedical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, enhancing medical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Satapathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shivam Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu H, Song XK, Ye L, Wang D. Efficient and robust chiral discrimination by invariant-based inverse engineering. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2684-2687. [PMID: 37186740 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose an accurate and convenient method to achieve 100% discrimination of chiral molecules with Lewis-Riesenfeld invariance. By reversely designing the pulse scheme of handed resolution, we obtain the parameters of the three-level Hamiltonians to achieve this goal. For the same initial state, we can completely transfer its population to one energy level for left-handed molecules, while transferring it to another energy level for right-handed molecules. Moreover, this method can be further optimized when errors exist, and it shows that the optimal method is more robust against these errors than the counterdiabatic and original invariant-based shortcut schemes. This provides an effective, accurate, and robust method to distinguish the handedness of molecules.
Collapse
|
3
|
Izadyari M, Naseem MT, Müstecaplıoğlu ÖE. Enantiomer detection via quantum Otto cycle. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:L042103. [PMID: 37198840 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.l042103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers are chiral molecules that exist in right-handed and left-handed conformations. Optical techniques of enantiomers' detection are widely employed to discriminate between left- and right-handed molecules. However, identical spectra of enantiomers make enantiomer detection a very challenging task. Here, we investigate the possibility of exploiting thermodynamic processes for enantiomer detection. In particular, we employ a quantum Otto cycle in which a chiral molecule described by a three-level system with cyclic optical transitions is considered a working medium. Each energy transition of the three-level system is coupled with an external laser drive. We find that the left- and right-handed enantiomers operate as a quantum heat engine and a thermal accelerator, respectively, when the overall phase is the control parameter. In addition, both enantiomers act as heat engines by keeping the overall phase constant and using the laser drives' detuning as the control parameter during the cycle. However, the molecules can still be distinguished because both cases' extracted work and efficiency are quantitatively very different. Accordingly, the left- and right-handed molecules can be distinguished by evaluating the work distribution in the Otto cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Izadyari
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - M Tahir Naseem
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özgür E Müstecaplıoğlu
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Türkiye
- TÜBİTAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, 41470 Gebze, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao J, Chen X, Liu K, Zhan Y, Li H, Zhang S, Xu Y, Tian Z, Cao T. Nonvolatile chirality switching in terahertz chalcogenide metasurfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:112. [PMID: 36193224 PMCID: PMC9525255 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actively controlling the polarization states of terahertz (THz) waves is essential for polarization-sensitive spectroscopy, which has various applications in anisotropy imaging, noncontact Hall measurement, and vibrational circular dichroism. In the THz regime, the lack of a polarization modulator hinders the development of this spectroscopy. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that conjugated bilayer chiral metamaterials (CMMs) integrated with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST225) active components can achieve nonvolatile and continuously tunable optical activity in the THz region. A THz time-domain spectroscopic system was used to characterize the device, showing a tunable ellipticity (from ‒36° to 0°) and rotation of the plane polarization (from 32° to 0°) at approximately 0.73 THz by varying the GST225 state from amorphous (AM) to crystalline (CR). Moreover, a continuously tunable chiroptical response was experimentally observed by partially crystallizing the GST225, which can create intermediate states, having regions of both AM and CR states. Note that the GST225 has an advantage of nonvolatility over the other active elements and does not require any energy to retain its structural state. Our work allows the development of THz metadevices capable of actively manipulating the polarization of THz waves and may find applications for dynamically tunable THz circular polarizers and polarization modulators for THz emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Bao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kuan Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Tun Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung W, Kwon J, Cho W, Yeom J. Chiral Biomaterials for Nanomedicines: From Molecules to Supraparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091951. [PMID: 36145699 PMCID: PMC9505685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality, the property whereby an object or a system cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, prevails amongst nature over various scales. Especially in biology, numerous chiral building blocks and chiral-specific interactions are involved in many essential biological activities. Despite the prevalence of chirality in nature, it has been no longer than 70 years since the mechanisms of chiral-specific interactions drew scientific attention and began to be studied. Owing to the advent of chiral-sensitive equipment such as circular dichroism spectrometers or chiral liquid columns for chromatography, it has recently been possible to achieve a deeper understanding of the chiral-specific interactions and consequential impacts on the functionality and efficiency of nanomedicine. From this point of view, it is worthwhile to examine previously reported chiral biomaterials with their compositions and possible applications to achieve new paradigms of biomaterials. This review discusses chiral materials on various scales and their biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wookjin Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wonjoon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Two molecules are enantiomers if they are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. Electric dipole-allowed cyclic transitions |1⟩ → |2⟩ → |3⟩ → |1⟩ obey the symmetry relation OR=-OS, where OR,S = (μ21R,SE21)(μ13R,SE13)(μ32R,SE32) and R and S label the two enantiomers. Herein, we generalize the concept of topological frequency conversion to an ensemble of enantiomers. We show that, within a rotating-frame, the pumping power between fields of frequency ω1 and ω2 is sensitive to enantiomeric excess, P2→1 = ℏ[ω1ω2CLR/(2π)](NR - NS), where Ni is the number of enantiomers i and CLR is an enantiomer-dependent Chern number. Connections with chiroptical microwave spectroscopy are made. Our work provides an underexplored and fertile connection between topological physics and molecular chirality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwennicke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hancu G, Modroiu A. Chiral Switch: Between Therapeutical Benefit and Marketing Strategy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020240. [PMID: 35215352 PMCID: PMC8877306 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality of pharmaceutical substances is an important aspect in drug research because it determines how enantiomers will interact with chiral biological targets. Enantiomers of a chiral drug can have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles; consequently, using a single pure enantiomer instead of a racemate can enhance the effectiveness and/or safety of the treatment. The tendencies of modern pharmaceutical industry regarding the current market of chiral drugs are divided between the chiral switch of previously used racemates and the development of new enantiopure drugs. The term chiral switch refers to the replacement on the market of a previously approved racemate with its single enantiomer version. The potential advantages of chiral switch can be related to a higher therapeutic index due to better potency, selectivity and fewer adverse effects, faster onset of action and exposure of the patient to lower drug dosages. However, chiral switch is also a strategy that permits manufacturers to keep market exclusivity for chiral pharmaceuticals that have lost their patent protection, even if the pure enantiomers have not demonstrated higher effectiveness or safety profile compared with the racemates.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mu X, Wang D, Lu S, Zhou L, Wei S. Improved Photodynamic Activity of Phthalocyanine by Adjusting the Chirality of Modified Amino Acids. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:115-123. [PMID: 34927440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, four zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) with chiral lysine modification were synthesized. We found that the chirality of lysine and the chiral structure position strongly influence the properties of ZnPcs. Among the four ZnPcs, d-lysine-modified ZnPc through -NH2 on Cε [denoted N(ε)-d-lys-ZnPc] showed superior properties, including tumor enrichment, cancer cell uptake, and tumor retention capability, compared to the other three ZnPcs. Thus, chiral molecule modification is a simple and effective strategy to regulate the abovementioned properties to achieve a satisfactory antitumor outcome of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Mu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fundamental considerations in drug design. COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN (CADD): FROM LIGAND-BASED METHODS TO STRUCTURE-BASED APPROACHES 2022:17-55. [PMCID: PMC9212230 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90608-1.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The drug discovery paradigm has been very time-consuming, challenging, and expensive; however, the disease conditions originating from bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungus and other microorganisms are steadily shooting up. For instance, COVID-19 is the latest viral infection that affects millions of people and the world’s economy very severely. Therefore, the quest for discovery of novel and potent drug compounds against deadly pathogens is crucial at the moment. Despite a lot of drawbacks in drug discovery and development and its pertaining technology, the advancement must be taken into account so the time duration and cost would be minimized. In this chapter, basic principles in drug design and discovery have been discussed together with advances in drug development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan H, Cacioppo M, Megahed S, Arcudi F, Đorđević L, Zhu D, Schulz F, Prato M, Parak WJ, Feliu N. Influence of the chirality of carbon nanodots on their interaction with proteins and cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7208. [PMID: 34893594 PMCID: PMC8664908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots with opposite chirality possess the same major physicochemical properties such as optical features, hydrodynamic diameter, and colloidal stability. Here, a detailed analysis about the comparison of the concentration of both carbon nanodots is carried out, putting a threshold to when differences in biological behavior may be related to chirality and may exclude effects based merely on differences in exposure concentrations due to uncertainties in concentration determination. The present study approaches this comparative analysis evaluating two basic biological phenomena, the protein adsorption and cell internalization. We find how a meticulous concentration error estimation enables the evaluation of the differences in biological effects related to chirality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Yan
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Saad Megahed
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dingcheng Zhu
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Florian Schulz
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universitat Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen YY, Ye C, Li Y. Enantio-detection via cavity-assisted three-photon processes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:36132-36144. [PMID: 34809032 DOI: 10.1364/oe.436211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for enantio-detection of chiral molecules based on a cavity-molecule system, where the left- and right-handed molecules are coupled with a cavity and two classical light fields to form cyclic three-level models. Via the cavity-assisted three-photon processes based on the cyclic three-level model, photons are generated continuously in the cavity even in the absence of external driving to the cavity. However, the photonic fields generated from the three-photon processes of left- and right-handed molecules differ with the phase difference π according to the inherent properties of electric-dipole transition moments of enantiomers. This provides a potential way to detect the enantiomeric excess of chiral mixture by monitoring the output field of the cavity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bogaerts J, Aerts R, Vermeyen T, Johannessen C, Herrebout W, Batista JM. Tackling Stereochemistry in Drug Molecules with Vibrational Optical Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:877. [PMID: 34577577 PMCID: PMC8468215 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality plays a crucial role in drug discovery and development. As a result, a significant number of commercially available drugs are structurally dissymmetric and enantiomerically pure. The determination of the exact 3D structure of drug candidates is, consequently, of paramount importance for the pharmaceutical industry in different stages of the discovery pipeline. Traditionally the assignment of the absolute configuration of druggable molecules has been carried out by means of X-ray crystallography. Nevertheless, not all molecules are suitable for single-crystal growing. Additionally, valuable information about the conformational dynamics of drug candidates is lost in the solid state. As an alternative, vibrational optical activity (VOA) methods have emerged as powerful tools to assess the stereochemistry of drug molecules directly in solution. These methods include vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA). Despite their potential, VCD and ROA are still unheard of to many organic and medicinal chemists. Therefore, the present review aims at highlighting the recent use of VOA methods for the assignment of the absolute configuration of chiral small-molecule drugs, as well as for the structural analysis of biologics of pharmaceutical interest. A brief introduction on VCD and ROA theory and the best experimental practices for using these methods will be provided along with selected representative examples over the last five years. As VCD and ROA are commonly used in combination with quantum calculations, some guidelines will also be presented for the reliable simulation of chiroptical spectra. Special attention will be paid to the complementarity of VCD and ROA to unambiguously assess the stereochemical properties of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bogaerts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (R.A.); (T.V.); (C.J.); (W.H.)
| | - Roy Aerts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (R.A.); (T.V.); (C.J.); (W.H.)
| | - Tom Vermeyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (R.A.); (T.V.); (C.J.); (W.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Johannessen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (R.A.); (T.V.); (C.J.); (W.H.)
| | - Wouter Herrebout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (R.A.); (T.V.); (C.J.); (W.H.)
| | - Joao M. Batista
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12231-280, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Titov IY, Stroylov VS, Rusina P, Svitanko IV. Preliminary modelling as the first stage of targeted organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to present a classification and applicability analysis of methods for preliminary molecular modelling for targeted organic, catalytic and biocatalytic synthesis. The following three main approaches are considered as a primary classification of the methods: modelling of the target – ligand coordination without structural information on both the target and the resulting complex; calculations based on experimentally obtained structural information about the target; and dynamic simulation of the target – ligand complex and the reaction mechanism with calculation of the free energy of the reaction. The review is meant for synthetic chemists to be used as a guide for building an algorithm for preliminary modelling and synthesis of structures with specified properties.
The bibliography includes 353 references.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dezaki SK, Askarpour AN, Abdipour A. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and chiral sensing in optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23096-23112. [PMID: 34614581 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a property of broken mirror symmetry and detecting the handedness of chiral material in small quantities is an important problem in biology and biochemistry. Here, we present a waveguide-based method to measure chirality and distinguish the enantiomers of molecules. A bi-isotropic core in an optical waveguide lifts the degeneracy of modes in a cylindrically symmetric structure. This modal degeneracy lifting is exploited to measure the chirality of the core. The proposed sensor can determine the value of the chirality parameter of the material under test and it can be utilized for various materials with nonzero chirality parameter in different frequency bands. This approach improves the circular dichroism (CD) response and outperforms conventional CD spectroscopy methods by increasing their differential output signal. To compare the results with conventional CD spectroscopy, the CD parameter is adapted to optical waveguides.
Collapse
|
15
|
Auria-Luna F, Marqués-López E, Romanos E, Fernández-Moreira V, Gimeno MC, Marzo I, Herrera RP. Novel ureido-dihydropyridine scaffolds as theranostic agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104364. [PMID: 33113409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of interesting urea derivatives 5 based on 1,4-dihydropyridines 3 is described for the first time. Considering that both families exhibit potential as drugs to treat various diseases, their activity as anticancer agents has been evaluated in HeLa (cervix), Jurkat (leukaemia) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines as well as on healthy mice in vivo. In general, whereas 1,4-dihydropyridines show a moderate cytotoxic activity, their urea analogues cause an extraordinary increase in their antiproliferative activity, specially towards HeLa cells. Because of the chiral nature of these compounds, enantiomerically enriched samples were also tested, showing different cytotoxic activity than the racemic mixture. Although the reason is not clear, it could be caused by a complex amalgam of physical and chemical contributions. The studied compounds also exhibit luminescent properties, which allow performing a biodistribution study in cancer cells. They have emission maxima between 420 and 471 nm, being the urea derivatives in general red shifted. Emission quenching was observed for those compounds containing a nitro group (3e,f and 5e,f). Fluorescence microscopy showed that 1,4-dihydropyridines 3a and 3g localised in the lysosomes, in contrast to the urea derivatives 5h that accumulated in the cell membrane. This different distribution could be key to explain the differences found in the cytotoxic activity and in the mechanism of action. Interestingly, a preliminary in vivo study regarding the acute toxicity of some of these compounds on healthy mice has been conducted, using a concentration up to 7200 times higher than the corresponding IC50 value. No downgrade in the welfare of the tested mice was observed, which could support their use in preclinical tumour models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Auria-Luna
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romanos
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Imagen y Fenotipado, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta D, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi LS, Jo IG, Kang KS, Im JH, Kim J, Kim J, Chung JW, Yoo SK. Discovery and preclinical efficacy of HSG4112, a synthetic structural analog of glabridin, for the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:130-142. [PMID: 32943760 PMCID: PMC7752758 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background HSG4112 is a clinical-stage drug candidate for the treatment of obesity. Here, we report its discovery and preclinical efficacy. Methods In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male C57BL/6J mice, we tested the weight loss effect of synthetic compounds derived from a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of glabridin, a natural compound known to reduce body weight and influence energy homeostasis. After selecting HSG4112 as our optimized compound from this discovery method, we characterized its pharmacological effects on parameters related to obesity through in vivo metabolic and biochemical measurements, histology and gene expression analysis, and indirect calorimetry. Results Through the SAR study, we identified four novel components of glabridin pertinent for its anti-obesity activity, and found that HSG4112, an optimized structural analog of glabridin, markedly supersedes glabridin in weight reduction efficacy and chemical stability. Six-week administration of HSG4112 to HFD-induced obese mice led to dose-dependent normalization of obesity-related parameters, including body weight, muscle and adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, and serum leptin/insulin/glucose levels. The weight reduction induced by HSG4112 was partially mediated by decreased food intake and mainly mediated by increased energy expenditure, with no change in physical activity. Accordingly, the pattern of transcriptional changes was aligned with increased energy expenditure in the liver and muscles. Following significant body weight reduction, robust amelioration of histopathology and blood markers of fatty liver were also observed. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the key chemical components of glabridin pertinent to its weight loss effects and suggests HSG4112 as a promising novel drug candidate for the pharmacological treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sang-Ku Yoo
- Glaceum Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Erum Biotechnologies Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan J, Yao Y, Yan S, Gao R, Lu W, He W. Chiral Protein Supraparticles for Tumor Suppression and Synergistic Immunotherapy: An Enabling Strategy for Bioactive Supramolecular Chirality Construction. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5844-5852. [PMID: 32589431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The design of bioactive supramolecular chirality is always hampered by the lack of feasible schemes to assigned specific biological activities. Herein, we developed a "mirror-image peptide grafting" method to graft the epitopes of bioactive d-peptide onto the miniprotein template to construct a self-assembled supraparticle. Grafting DPMIβ, a 12-mer d-enantiomeric peptide functioned as the p53 agonist, onto Apamin, we successfully constructed a self-assembled d-enantiomeric miniprotein supermolecule nanoparticle, termed DMSN. This chiral supraparticle possesses a favorable pharmaceutical profile including the passive tumor targeting, cell membrane penetration, intracellular reductive responsiveness, and endosome escaping. DMSN showed in vitro and in vivo p53-dependent antiproliferative activity and augmented antitumor immunity elicited by anti-PD1 therapy. This enabling strategy will allow us to fabricate a class of peptide/protein-derived supramolecular chirality with predictable biological activities and will likely have a broad impact on the chiral nanotechnology at the service of prevention and treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Siqi Yan
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruqing Gao
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Wangxiao He
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Droulias S, Bougas L. Absolute Chiral Sensing in Dielectric Metasurfaces Using Signal Reversals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5960-5966. [PMID: 32608985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensing molecular chirality at the nanoscale has been a long-standing challenge due to the inherently weak nature of chiroptical signals, and nanophotonic approaches have proven fruitful in accessing these signals. However, in most cases, complete sensing of the chiral part of the molecule's refractive index (magnitude and sign of both its real and imaginary part) has not been possible, while the strong inherent signals from the nanostructures themselves obscure the weak chiroptical signals. Here, we propose a dielectric metamaterial system that overcomes these limitations and allows for complete measurements of the total chirality and discrimination of the effects of its real and imaginary part, possible also in an absolute manner via the application of a crucial signal reversal (excitation with reversed polarization) that enables chirality measurements without the need for sample removal. As proof of principle, we demonstrate signal enhancements by a factor of 200 for ultrathin, subwavelength, chiral samples over a uniform and accessible area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Droulias
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lykourgos Bougas
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Wang Y, Fang Y, Jiang Z, Wang A, Xue J. Improved photodynamic anticancer activity and mechanisms of a promising zinc(II) phthalocyanine-quinoline conjugate photosensitizer in vitro and in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3900-3912. [PMID: 33014574 PMCID: PMC7510905 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of photodynamic therapy, scientists have constantly been searching for more effective and ideal photosensitizers (PSs). As part of our ongoing interest in the development of more potent photosensitizers, quinoline-8-yloxy-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Q1) has been identified as a promising photosensitizers in tumor cells. This study aims to explore the photodynamic mechanism and in vivo photodynamic efficacy of ZnPc-Q1, and further evaluate its potential in clinical photodynamic therapy application. The single crystal structure of ZnPc-Q1 enables the easy control of clinical quality standards. In comparison with Photofrin, ZnPc-Q1 exhibits considerably higher in vitro anticancer activity by dual dose-related mechanisms (antiproliferative and apoptosis). In addition, the in vivo results demonstrate that ZnPc-Q1 exhibits significant tumor regression with less skin photosensitivity by both direct killing and apoptosis anticancer mechanisms. In conclusion, ZnPc-Q1 can be considered to be a promising ideal PS for clinical application owing to its defined chemical structure without phthalocyanine isomerization, good absorption of tissue-penetrating red light, improved photodynamic therapy efficacy, and reduced skin phototoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Chen
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses-Treat of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Hangzhou Zhizhong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses-Treat of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Zhihuan Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jinping Xue
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses-Treat of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Efficacy and safety of multiple doses of NEPA without dexamethasone in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by multiple-day and high-dose chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a phase IIa, multicenter study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:2114-2120. [PMID: 32346078 PMCID: PMC7588339 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of several antiemetics, clinical findings show that control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) continues to be a serious concern for hematological patients, mainly for those receiving multiple-day (MD) and high-dose (HD) chemotherapy (CT). For CINV prophylaxis, 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 receptor antagonists (5HT3-RAs) and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) are usually administered together with dexamethasone, which may increase the risk of serious infections in patients undergoing myeloablative treatment. The rationale of this multicenter, open-label and phase IIa study was to explore the efficacy of multiple doses of NEPA (netupitant/palonosetron) given as an every-other-day regimen without dexamethasone in preventing CINV in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (R/R-NHL), eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and treated with MD-HD-CT. Seventy patients participated to the study. According to the adopted Fleming one-stage design, the primary endpoint of this study was achieved. The CR values were 87.1% (primary endpoint, overall phase: days 1–8), 88.6% (acute phase: days 1–6), and 98.6% (delayed phase: days 7–8), while complete control (CR with no more than mild nausea) was 85.7% (overall phase), 88.6% (acute phase), and 95.7% (delayed phase). Moderate and severe episodes of nausea were reported by less than 10% of patients in the overall phase and less than 5% in both the acute and delayed phases. Regarding safety, NEPA was well tolerated with only one adverse event (constipation) evaluated as possibly related to NEPA administration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that multiple alternate dosing of NEPA without the addition of dexamethasone is highly effective for preventing nausea and vomiting in this difficult setting, with a good tolerability profile.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sonsona IG, Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Aza-Henry Reaction of Hydrazones: Experimental and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2020; 26:5469-5478. [PMID: 32012361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric catalyzed aza-Henry reaction of hydrazones is presented. In this process, quinine was used as the catalyst to synthesize different alkyl substituted β-nitrohydrazides with ee up to 77 %. This ee was improved up to 94 % by a further recrystallization and the opposite enantiomer can be obtained by using quinidine as the catalyst, opening exciting possibilities in fields in which the control of chirality is vital, such as the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, experimental and ab initio studies were performed to understand the reaction mechanism. The experimental results revealed an unexpected secondary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) that is explained by the calculated reaction pathway, which shows that the protonation of the initial hydrazone and the C-C bond forming reaction occur during a concerted process. This concerted mechanism makes the catalysis conceptually different to traditional base-promoted Henry and aza-Henry reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Sonsona
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de, Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yeom J, Guimaraes PPG, Ahn HM, Jung B, Hu Q, McHugh K, Mitchell MJ, Yun CO, Langer R, Jaklenec A. Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903878. [PMID: 31686433 PMCID: PMC6986383 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and hard-wired into every biological system. Despite the prevalence of chirality in biological systems, controlling biomaterial chirality to influence interactions with cells has only recently been explored. Chiral-engineered supraparticles (SPs) that interact differentially with cells and proteins depending on their handedness are presented. SPs coordinated with d-chirality demonstrate greater than threefold enhanced cell membrane penetration in breast, cervical, and multiple myeloma cancer cells. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements reveal the mechanism of these chiral-specific interactions. Thermodynamically, d-SPs show more stable adhesion to lipid layers composed of phospholipids and cholesterol compared to l-SPs. In vivo, d-SPs exhibit superior stability and longer biological half-lives likely due to opposite chirality and thus protection from endogenous proteins including proteases. This work shows that incorporating d-chirality into nanosystems enhances uptake by cancer cells and prolonged in vivo stability in circulation, providing support for the importance of chirality in biomaterials. Thus, chiral nanosystems may have the potential to provide a new level of control for drug delivery systems, tumor detection markers, biosensors, and other biomaterial-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Yeom
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Pedro P. G. Guimaraes
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BoKyeong Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Quanyin Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kevin McHugh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen T, Tan H, Chen Q, Gu L, Wei Z, Liu H. Toward High-Efficient Chiral Separation Using Hierarchically Porous HROP@Silica-Gel-Sheet Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48402-48411. [PMID: 31794664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Separating racemates is still a great challenge for their similarity in chemical structures and physicochemical properties. Despite exhibiting a significant potential in the adsorption separation due to their intrinsic characteristics, hierarchically porous materials utilized in enantioseparation have rarely been reported to date. Furthermore, the molding of such materials together with their hybrid organic-inorganic monoliths is generally required to meet various prerequisites in diverse large-scale industrial applications, but without sacrificing their inherently hierarchical architectures. In this work, a three-dimensional hierarchically porous organic-inorganic composite was simply and feasibly prepared via integrating the micro/meso-porous hyper-cross-linked resin organic polymer (HROP) with macroporous silica gel sheet (SGS), followed by a chiral selector postmodification, named as HROP@SGS. Racemic 1-phenylethanol, ibuprofen, and naproxen could be separated only using such a piece of HROP@SGS as the filler with a solid phase extraction technique. Herein, HROP@SGS exhibited extraordinary chiral resolution performances and succeeded in achieving a complete chiral resolution. Our findings suggest that this simple strategy proposed by us, that is, combining the chiral micro/mesoporous organic materials with macroporous inorganic substrates, can be employed to prepare an unprecedented enantioseparation material, which has a promising potential in large-scale industrial applications, such as fixed-bed and membrane separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Huiling Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Qibin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Liangning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Zishuai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang SY, Li L, Xiao Y, Wang Y. Recent advances in cyclodextrins-based chiral-recognizing platforms. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Petronijevic E, Sibilia C. Enhanced Near-Field Chirality in Periodic Arrays of Si Nanowires for Chiral Sensing. Molecules 2019; 24:E853. [PMID: 30823382 PMCID: PMC6429513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials can be specially designed to enhance optical chirality and their interaction with chiral molecules can lead to enhanced enantioselectivity. Here we propose periodic arrays of Si nanowires for the generation of enhanced near-field chirality. Such structures confine the incident electromagnetic field into specific resonant modes, which leads to an increase in local optical chirality. We investigate and optimize near-field chirality with respect to the geometric parameters and excitation scheme. Specially, we propose a simple experiment for the enhanced enantioselectivity, and optimize the average chirality depending on the possible position of the chiral molecule. We believe that such a simple achiral nanowire approach can be functionalized to give enhanced chirality in the spectral range of interest and thus lead to better discrimination of enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Petronijevic
- Department S.B.A.I., Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Concita Sibilia
- Department S.B.A.I., Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cong L, Pitchappa P, Wang N, Singh R. Electrically Programmable Terahertz Diatomic Metamolecules for Chiral Optical Control. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:7084251. [PMID: 31549081 PMCID: PMC6750089 DOI: 10.34133/2019/7084251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optical chirality is central to many industrial photonic technologies including enantiomer identification, ellipsometry-based tomography, and spin multiplexing in optical communications. However, a substantial chiral response requires a three-dimensional constituent, thereby making the morphology highly complex to realize structural reconfiguration. Moreover, an active reconfiguration demands intense dosage of external stimuli that pose a major limitation for on-chip integration. Here, we report a low bias, electrically programmable synthetic chiral paradigm with a remarkable reconfiguration among levorotatory, dextrorotatory, achiral, and racemic conformations. The switchable optical activity induced by the chiral conformations enables a transmission-type duplex spatial light modulator for terahertz single pixel imaging. The prototype delivers a new strategy towards reconfigurable stereoselective photonic applications and opens up avenues for on-chip programmable chiral devices with tremendous applications in biology, medicine, chemistry, and photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, 11 Science Park Road, 117685, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jeong HH, Choi E, Ellis E, Lee TC. Recent advances in gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications: from hybrid structures to multi-functionality. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications are reviewed in the context of a novel classification framework and illustrated by recent examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Cavendish Laboratory
- University of Cambridge
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ellis
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London (UCL)
- WC1H 0AJ London
- UK
- Institute for Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
| | - Tung-Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London (UCL)
- WC1H 0AJ London
- UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu Y, Shi L, Guan T, Zhong S, Zhou X, Li D, Guo C, Yang Y, Wang X, Li Z, He Y, Xie L, Gan Z. Rapid Separation of Enantiomeric Impurities in Chiral Molecules by a Self-Referential Weak Measurement System. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113788. [PMID: 30404143 PMCID: PMC6263648 DOI: 10.3390/s18113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose a self-referential fast detection scheme for a frequency domain weak measurement system for the detection of enantiomeric impurities in chiral molecules. In a transmissive weak measurement system, the optical rotation (OR) is used to modify the pre-selected polarization state and the post-selection polarization state. We obtained the sum and difference of the optical rotations produced by the sample and the standard by rotating the quarter wave plate in the system. Then, we estimate the ratio of chiral molecules to enantiomeric impurities using the ratio of the central wavelength shifts caused by the addition and subtraction states described above. In this paper, our system has an optical resolution of 1.88 × 10−5°. At the same time, we completed the detection of the ratio of the two substances in the mixture of L-proline and D-proline in different proportions, which proved that our system can quickly detect the content of enantiomeric impurities in chiral molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lixuan Shi
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tian Guan
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Suyi Zhong
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Center for Optics & Optoelectronics Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Cuixia Guo
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiangnan Wang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhangyan Li
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yonghong He
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Luyuan Xie
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zonghan Gan
- Division of biomedical engineering, University of Glasgow, 89 Dumbarton Rd, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Poulikakos LV, Thureja P, Stollmann A, De Leo E, Norris DJ. Chiral Light Design and Detection Inspired by Optical Antenna Theory. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4633-4640. [PMID: 29533637 PMCID: PMC6089498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metallic nanostructures can generate evanescent fields which are more highly twisted than circularly polarized light. However, it remains unclear how best to exploit this phenomenon, hindering the optimal utilization of chiral electromagnetic fields. Here, inspired by optical antenna theory, we address this challenge by introducing chiral antenna parameters: the chirality flux efficiency and the chiral antenna aperture. These quantities, which are based on chirality conservation, quantify the generation and dissipation of chiral light. We then present a label-free experimental technique, chirality flux spectroscopy, which measures the chirality flux efficiency, providing valuable information on chiral near fields in the far field. This principle is verified theoretically and experimentally with two-dimensionally chiral coupled nanorod antennas, for which we show that chiral near and far fields are linearly dependent on the magnetoelectric polarizability. This elementary system confirms our concept to quantify chiral electromagnetic fields and paves the way toward broadly tunable chiral optical applications including ultrasensitive detection of molecular chirality or optical information storage and transfer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Krieger J, Smeilus T, Kaiser M, Seo E, Efferth T, Giannis A. Total Synthesis and Biological Investigation of (−)‐Artemisinin: The Antimalarial Activity of Artemisinin Is not Stereospecific. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8293-8296. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krieger
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04301 Leipzig Germany
| | - Toni Smeilus
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04301 Leipzig Germany
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4051 Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1 4003 Basel Switzerland
| | - Ean‐Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiologyInstitute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of Mainz Staudinger Weg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiologyInstitute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of Mainz Staudinger Weg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Athanassios Giannis
- Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04301 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krieger J, Smeilus T, Kaiser M, Seo E, Efferth T, Giannis A. Totalsynthese und Untersuchung der biologischen Aktivität von (−)‐Artemisinin – die Antimalaria‐Aktivität von Artemisinin ist nicht stereospezifisch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krieger
- Fakultät für Chemie und MineralogieInstitut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04301 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Toni Smeilus
- Fakultät für Chemie und MineralogieInstitut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04301 Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Schweizerisches Tropen- und Gesundheitsinstitut Basel Schweiz
- Universität Basel Schweiz
| | - Ean‐Jeong Seo
- Abteilung für Pharmazeutische BiologieInstitut für Pharmazie und BiochemieUniversität Mainz Deutschland
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Abteilung für Pharmazeutische BiologieInstitut für Pharmazie und BiochemieUniversität Mainz Deutschland
| | - Athanassios Giannis
- Fakultät für Chemie und MineralogieInstitut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig Johannisallee 29 04301 Leipzig Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Decarlini MF, Aimar ML, Vázquez AM, Vero S, Rossi LI, Yang P. Fungi isolated from food samples for an efficient stereoselective production of phenylethanols. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Wang L, Wang Y, Chai Y, Kang Y, Sun C, Zeng S. Nickel(II)-assisted enantiomeric differentiation and quantitation of tadalafil by direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:411-416. [PMID: 28470986 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile method based on electrospray mass spectrometry was established and validated for the differentiation of enantiomeric tadalafil isomers without using chiral chromatographic separation. The enantiomers were coupled with a chiral selector to form diastereomeric complex ions. Nickel-tadalafil complexes, [NiII (tadalafil)(l-Trp)-H]+ , produced a characteristic fragment ion at m/z 524 by loss of 1-methyl-1,6-dihydropyrazine-2,5-dione via collision-induced dissociation. The relative abundance of this fragment ion to the precursor contributed to differentiate tadalafil enantiomers, and energy-resolved product-ion spectra were applied to determine the molar composition of tadalafil in the mixture (R,R and S,S) as well. In addition, the other two forms of stereomeric isomers of tadalafil (R,S and S,R) could be also distinguished and analyzed by this method. The method was validated in different types of mass spectrometers (AB quadrupole time-of-flight and Bruker ion trap) and also verified by a chiral high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight. The chiral determination of tadalafil using MS method proved to be rapid (1-min run time for each sample) and to have the same accuracy and precision comparable to chiral liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. This method provides an alternative to commonly used chromatographic technique for chiral determination and is particularly useful in rapid screening in enantioselective synthesis and enantiomeric impurity detection in pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y Chai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - S Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cecilio Fonseca M, Santos da Silva RC, Nascimento CS, Bastos Borges K. Computational contribution to the electrophoretic enantiomer separation mechanism and migration order using modified β-cyclodextrins. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1860-1868. [PMID: 28387965 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an extremely effective technique in many kinds of separations, including separation of enantiomers. Some additional techniques may be necessary to determine the enantiomer migration order (EMO) and also the mechanism involved in chiral recognition. This paper reports the development and optimization of a CE method for enantioseparation of racemic mixture of both R- and S-stereoisomers of tramadol (TRM) with a computational contribution for the EMO determination and the responsible mechanisms for chiral distinction. Parameters such as composition and concentration of background electrolyte (BGE) and type and concentration of cyclodextrins (CD) were evaluated. For calculations, a sequential methodology was used, resorting to semiempirical Parametric Model 3 (PM3) followed by calculations accomplished using density functional theory. The best results were obtained with sulfated-β-CD (s-β-CD) and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (cm-β-CD) as chiral selector. Calculations show that the inclusion of TRM is not a probable process due to the shape of the TRM molecule and the size CDs cavities. Therefore, the chiral recognition process occurs by the formation of association complexes between modified β-CD and groups of TRM molecules. The structural analysis of the fragments of complexes at a pH of 10 and a thermodynamic analysis of the complexes' formation process allows determining the EMO. Comparing results obtained experimentally and computationally, it seems that the developed method is adequate for separation of TRM enantiomers and the computational methodology is also adequate to get a sense of the system at a molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cecilio Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricky Cássio Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clebio Soares Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li J, Liao S, Wang X, Liu Q, Meng F, Zhang W, Zhang T, Yang C, Song X, Luo H, Wang J, Li Z, Zhong B, Zhang Z. A rapid and efficient analytical method for the quantification of a novel anticholinergic compound, R-
phencynonate, by stable isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS and its application to bioavailability and dose proportionality studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Qinghai University School of Medicine; Xining People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Bohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
King JP, Sjolander TF, Blanchard JW. Antisymmetric Couplings Enable Direct Observation of Chirality in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:710-714. [PMID: 28029791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that a term in the nuclear spin Hamiltonian, the antisymmetric J-coupling, is fundamentally connected to molecular chirality. We propose and simulate a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment to observe this interaction and differentiate between enantiomers without adding any additional chiral agent to the sample. The antisymmetric J-coupling may be observed in the presence of molecular orientation by an external electric field. The opposite parity of the antisymmetric coupling tensor and the molecular electric dipole moment yields a sign change of the observed coupling between enantiomers. We show how this sign change influences the phase of the NMR spectrum and may be used to discriminate between enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P King
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tobias F Sjolander
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz , 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chirality detection of enantiomers using twisted optical metamaterials. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14180. [PMID: 28120825 PMCID: PMC5288493 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many naturally occurring biomolecules, such as amino acids, sugars and nucleotides, are inherently chiral. Enantiomers, a pair of chiral isomers with opposite handedness, often exhibit similar physical and chemical properties due to their identical functional groups and composition, yet show different toxicity to cells. Detecting enantiomers in small quantities has an essential role in drug development to eliminate their unwanted side effects. Here we exploit strong chiral interactions with plasmonic metamaterials with specifically designed optical response to sense chiral molecules down to zeptomole levels, several orders of magnitude smaller than what is typically detectable with conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy. In particular, the measured spectra reveal opposite signs in the spectral regime directly associated with different chiral responses, providing a way to univocally assess molecular chirality. Our work introduces an ultrathin, planarized nanophotonic interface to sense chiral molecules with inherently weak circular dichroism at visible and near-infrared frequencies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang L, Chai Y, Zhu W, Pan Y, Sun C, Zeng S. Doubly charged trimeric cluster ions: effective in mutual chiral recognition of tadalafil and three proton pump inhibitors. Analyst 2017; 142:745-751. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02666d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutual chiral recognition of four stereoisomers of tadalafil and three pairs of enantiomers of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), as well as enantiomers excess analysis are achieved on the basis of the competitive fragmentation of doubly charged trimeric NiIIcluster ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
| | - Wenquan Zhu
- Department of Quality Control
- Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Ltd
- Taizhou
- China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- PR China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Analysis
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hangzhou 310058
- PR China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kumar GP, Srivastava V, Khandelwal K, Kumar R, Hiriyanna S, Kumar A, Kumar P. Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for Determination of Enantiomeric Impurity in Besifloxacin Hydrochloride. Chirality 2016; 28:628-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Pradeep Kumar
- Analytical Research Department; Micro Labs; Bommasandra Bangalore
| | | | - Kiran Khandelwal
- Analytical Research Department; Micro Labs; Bommasandra Bangalore
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Analytical Research Department; Micro Labs; Bommasandra Bangalore
| | - S.G. Hiriyanna
- Analytical Research Department; Micro Labs; Bommasandra Bangalore
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Analytical Research Department; Micro Labs; Bommasandra Bangalore
| | - Pramod Kumar
- API R&D Centre; Micro Labs; Bommasandra Bangalore
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
George CH, Mitchell AN, Preece R, Bannister ML, Yousef Z. Pleiotropic mechanisms of action of perhexiline in heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1049-59. [PMID: 27455171 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1211111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The re-purposing of the anti-anginal drug perhexiline (PHX) has resulted in symptomatic improvements in heart failure (HF) patients. The inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) has been proposed as the primary mechanism underlying the therapeutic benefit of PHX. This hypothesis is contentious. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the primary literature and patent landscape of PHX from its initial development in the 1960s through to its emergence as a drug beneficial for HF. We focused on its physico-chemistry, molecular targets, tissue accumulation and clinical dosing. EXPERT OPINION Dogma that the beneficial effects of PHX are due primarily to potent myocardial CPT-1 inhibition is not supported by the literature and all available evidence point to it being extremely unlikely that the major effects of PHX occur via this mechanism. In vivo PHX is much more likely to be an inhibitor of surface membrane ion channels and also to have effects on other components of cellular metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation across the cardiovascular system. However, the possibility that minor effects of PHX on CPT-1 underpin disproportionately large effects on myocardial function cannot be entirely excluded, especially given the massive accumulation of the drug in heart tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H George
- a Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Alice N Mitchell
- a Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Ryan Preece
- a Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Mark L Bannister
- a Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Zaheer Yousef
- a Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bordón DL, Villalba LD, Aimar ML, Cantero JJ, Vázquez AM, Formica SM, Krapacher CR, Rossi LI. Weeds as biocatalysts in the stereoselective synthesis of chiral phenylethanols used as key intermediates for pharmaceuticals. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
42
|
Akamine Y. Determinants of the Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics of Fexofenadine. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:473-81. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Akamine
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lokesh N, Sachin SL, Narendra LV, Arun K, Suryaprakash N. RNA nucleosides as chiral sensing agents in NMR spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7230-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study reports chiral sensing properties of RNA nucleosides. A three component derivitazation protocol has been adopted to differentiate chiral amines. All RNA nucleosides exhibit chiral sensing property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Lokesh
- NMR Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
| | - S. L. Sachin
- NMR Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - L. V. Narendra
- NMR Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - K. Arun
- NMR Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - N. Suryaprakash
- NMR Research Centre
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fang ZZ, Wang H, Cao YF, Sun DX, Wang LX, Hong M, Huang T, Chen JX, Zeng J. Enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7. Chirality 2014; 27:189-93. [PMID: 25502512 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-catalyzed glucuronidation conjugation reaction plays an important role in the elimination of many important clinical drugs and endogenous substances. The present study aims to investigate the enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UGT isoforms. In vitro a recombinant UGT isoforms-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation incubation mixture was used to screen the inhibition potential of (R)-carprofen and (S)-carprofen towards multiple UGT isoforms. The results showed that (S)-carprofen exhibited stronger inhibition potential than (R)-carprofen towards UGT2B7. However, no significant difference was observed for the inhibition of (R)-carprofen and (S)-carprofen towards other UGT isoforms. Furthermore, the inhibition kinetic behavior was compared for the inhibition of (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen towards UGT2B7. A Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that both (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen exhibited competitive inhibition towards UGT2B7-catalyzed 4-MU glucuronidation. The inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki ) was calculated to be 7.0 μM and 31.1 μM for (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen, respectively. Based on the standard for drug-drug interaction, the threshold for (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen to induce a drug-drug interaction is 0.7 μM and 3.1 μM, respectively. In conclusion, enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 was demonstrated in the present study. Using the in vitro inhibition kinetic parameter, the concentration threshold of (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen to possibly induce the drug-drug interaction was obtained. Therefore, clinical monitoring of the plasma concentration of (S)-carprofen is more important than (R)-carprofen to avoid a possible drug-drug interaction between carprofen and the drugs mainly undergoing UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Enantioselective HPLC determination and pharmacokinetic study of secnidazole enantiomers in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
46
|
Lu C, Lu T, Nie Q, Yang G, Chen Z. A New Process for the Synthesis of ( 2S,3S)-2-Ethyl-3-Methylvaleramide. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13975731462355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new process for synthesis of ( 2S,3S)-2-ethyl-3-methylvaleramide has been developed via the key step of a diastereoselective alkylation reaction using non-cross-linked polystyrene (NCPS) supported ( 4S)-2-phenylimino-2-oxazolidine as a chiral auxiliary. This method is efficient with the target product obtained in 99.24% ee and 38.4% overall yield and the chiral auxiliaries can be recovered quantitatively by simple filtration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuifen Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Qunqi Nie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Zuxing Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Malin P, Wengel SP, Burke WJ. Escitalopram: better treatment for depression is through the looking glass. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 4:769-79. [PMID: 15853504 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.4.5.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Depression remains a common and often devastating illness. With the introduction of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the 1980s, patients were afforded treatment for depression that was both safer and better tolerated than any prior treatment modality offered. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors quickly became the most widely used medications for the treatment of depression, no single agent has been recognized as an obvious first-line choice. Chirality potentially offers one method to improve upon the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class. For racemic compounds that differ in stereospecificity, separation into single enantiomers can result in significant changes in potency, tolerability and efficacy. One of the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is citalopram, which exists as a racemic mixture of R- and S-enantiomers. The S-enantiomer escitalopram (Cipralex, Lundbeck) is the therapeutically active portion of the parent compound and has a proven antidepressant efficacy. The R-enantiomer lacks activity as an antidepressant and has been shown to inhibit the effect of the S-enantiomer when the two are combined. Escitalopram is the most selective member of its class and with minimal effects on the cytochrome P450 system, has a negligible potential for drug-drug interactions. In placebo-controlled trials, escitalopram has consistently demonstrated symptomatic improvement as early as the first to second week of treatment. In addition to antidepressant efficacy, escitalopram also appears to exhibit significant anxiolytic properties. It has also shown efficacy in treating panic disorder and generalized and social anxiety disorders. This is advantageous as many patients who suffer from depression also experience comorbid anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulajo Malin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5580, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
McGough JJ, Pataki CS, Suddath R. Dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 5:437-41. [PMID: 16026226 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.5.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) currently represent the ninth largest segment of the CNS market by sales, with 2.4 billion USD spent annually on this condition and 40% annual growth. Stimulant medications remain the most effective ADHD therapies and provide robust improvement in ADHD symptoms in both youth and adults. Current prescribing practices favor extended release preparations due to increased convenience, compliance and tolerability with once-daily dosing. Dexmethylphenidate extended release is a long-acting preparation of the ADHD medication Focalin (dexmethylphenidate immediate release) and was approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug administration in June 2005. Dexmethylphenidate consists of the single dextro-isomer form of d,l-methylphenidate commonly marketed as Ritalin. Dexmethylphenidate extended release utilizes spheroidal oral drug absorption system technology to achieve a 50% immediate medication delivery and 50% delayed release of dexmethylphenidate approximately 4 h after ingestion. Placebo-controlled, clinical trials in children and adults with ADHD have demonstrated efficacy for behavioral and academic ratings, with an analog classroom study showing medication effects up to 12 h after dosing. Dexmethylphenidate extended release was generally well tolerated with a side-effect profile similar to other stimulants. The most common reported side effects include diminished appetite and insomnia. Given its duration of effect, favorable tolerability and flexibility in dosing, dexmethylphenidate extended release is likely to gain considerable use as an ADHD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J McGough
- David Geffen School of Medicine, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 1414, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Awad H, El-Aneed A. Enantioselectivity of mass spectrometry: challenges and promises. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:466-483. [PMID: 23775620 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the fast growing market of pure enantiomer drugs and bioactive molecules, new chiral-selective analytical tools have been instigated including the use of mass spectrometry (MS). Even though MS is one of the best analytical tools that has efficiently been used in several pharmaceutical and biological applications, traditionally MS is considered as a "chiral-blind" technique. This limitation is due to the MS inability to differentiate between two enantiomers of a chiral molecule based merely on their masses. Several approaches have been explored to assess the potential role of MS in chiral analysis. The first approach depends on the use of MS-hyphenated techniques utilizing fast and sensitive chiral separation tools such as liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to MS detector. More recently, several alternative separation techniques have been evaluated such as supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC); the latter being a hybrid technique that combines the efficiency of CE with the selectivity of LC. The second approach is based on using the MS instrument solely for the chiral recognition. This method depends on the behavioral differences between enantiomers towards a foreign molecule and the ability of MS to monitor such differences. These behavioral differences can be divided into three types: (i) differences in the enantiomeric affinity for association with the chiral selector, (ii) differences of the enantiomeric exchange rate with a foreign reagent, and (iii) differences in the complex MS dissociation behaviors of the enantiomers. Most recently, ion mobility spectrometry was introduced to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate chiral compounds. This article provides an overview of MS role in chiral analysis by discussing MS based methodologies and presenting the challenges and promises associated with each approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5C9
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|