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Mishra M, Wasnik K, Sharma A, Kumar K, Verma R, Paik P, Chawla R. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Synergistically Inhibits the Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells with Gemcitabine by Induction of Apoptosis Mediated by ROS Generation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39333045 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study focused on the formulation, characterization, and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for lung cancer treatment. A 2-level, 3-factor factorial design was used to optimize various process parameters in the preparation of SLNs. The average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of GEM-EGCG SLNs were found to be 122.8 ± 8.02 and 0.1738 ± 0.02, respectively. Drug loading and release studies indicated a sustained release behavior for GEM-EGCG SLNs, with release kinetics confirmed by the Higuchi model. Cell viability and anticancer activities were assessed using the MTT assay, which determined an IC50 value of 12.5 μg/mL for GEM-EGCG SLNs against A549 cell lines (lung carcinoma epithelial cells). The SLNs were able to internalize into the nuclei of cells, likely due to their small particle size, and were effective in killing cancer cells. Additionally, a study of ROS production-mediated apoptosis of A549 cells was performed through FACS. GEM-EGCG SLNs were found to be stable for 3 months. In vivo studies revealed better drug distribution in the lungs and improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with pure drugs. Overall, the results suggest that combining GEM and EGCG in biocompatible SLNs has resulted in synergistic antitumor potential and improved bioavailability for both drugs, making it a promising anticancer therapeutic regimen against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Sri Ganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Tantia University, Sri Ganganagar 335002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rinki Verma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Ghalib MH, Pulla MP, De Miguel Luken MJ, de Juan VC, Chaudhary I, Hammami MB, Vikash S, Maitra R, Martinez S, Kahatt C, Extremera S, Fudio S, Goel S. A phase I safety and efficacy clinical trial of plocabulin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2024:10.1007/s10637-024-01458-8. [PMID: 39096398 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Plocabulin (Plo) induces depolymerization of tubulin fibers with disorganization and fragmentation of the microtubule network leading to mitosis. Plo combined with gemcitabine (Gem) showed synergistic anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies. This phase I trial evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of Plo 10-min infusion plus Gem on Day 1 and 8 every 3-week in patients with advanced solid tumors. Fifty-seven patients were enrolled into 8 dose levels (DLs); 74%: females; 74%: ECOG performance status 1; median age: 62 years; median number of prior lines of therapy:3. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) in Cycle 1 were grade (G) 3 intestinal obstruction at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), G3 peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN), G3 abdominal pain, and G4 thrombocytopenia (1 patient each). The highest DL (DL8: Plo 10.5 mg/m2/Gem 1000 mg/m2) was the MTD. Accrual into DL7 (Plo 10.0 mg/m2/Gem 1000 mg/m2) was stopped before it was formally defined as the recommended dose (RD). Most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (56%), nausea (55%), diarrhea (31%); G3/4 hematologic toxicities comprised anemia (35%), neutropenia (27%) and thrombocytopenia (17%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. PK parameters for Gem or dFdU at all DLs were in line with reference values from the literature. Six of 46 evaluable pts were responders (overall response rate:13%). Of note, 2 partial responses (PR) and 2 stable disease (SD) ≥ 4 months occurred among 13 pts with ovarian cancer. The combination of Plo and Gem is well tolerated. The MTD was Plo 10.5 mg/m2/Gem 1000 mg/m2. No PK drug-drug interaction was found. The most encouraging outcome occurred in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Ghalib
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Now at Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mariano Provencio Pulla
- Dept. Servicio de Oncología Médica, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J De Miguel Luken
- Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Hospital Madrid Norte San Chinarro - Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo de Juan
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Imran Chaudhary
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Bakri Hammami
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sindhu Vikash
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Sara Martinez
- Clinical Development, PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, S.A, Spain
| | - Carmen Kahatt
- Clinical Development, PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, S.A, Spain
| | - Sonia Extremera
- Clinical Development, PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, S.A, Spain
| | - Salvador Fudio
- Clinical Development, PharmaMar, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, S.A, Spain
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Now at Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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3
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Mishra M, Verma R, Sharma A, Kumar K, Chawla R. Evaluation of Gemcitabine and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Benzopyrene Induced Lung Cancer Model Via Intranasal Route: Improved Pharmacokinetics and Safety Profile. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:176. [PMID: 39085673 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to create a new treatment for lung cancer using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) that can be administered through the nose. We analyzed the formulation for its effectiveness in terms of micromeritics, drug release, and anti-cancer activity in the benzopyrene-induced Swiss albino mice lung cancer model. We also assessed the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility of GEM-EGCG SLNs. The GEM-EGCG SLNs had an average particle size of 93.54 ± 11.02 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.146 ± 0.05, and a zeta potential of -34.7 ± 0.4 mV. The entrapment efficiency of GEM and EGCG was 93.39 ± 4.2% and 89.49 ± 5.1%, respectively, with a sustained release profile for both drugs. GEM-EGCG SLNs had better pharmacokinetics than other treatments, and a high drug targeting index value of 17.605 for GEM and 2.118 for EGCG, indicating their effectiveness in targeting the lungs. Blank SLNs showed no pathological lesions in the liver, kidney, and nasal region validating the safety of SLNs. GEM-EGCG SLNs also showed fewer pathological lesions than other treatments and a lower hemolysis rate of 1.62 ± 0.10%. These results suggest that GEM-EGCG SLNs could effectively treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rinki Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Sri Ganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Tantia University, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, 335002, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ruchi Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Umar S, Samokhvalov A. Encapsulation of Gemcitabine on Porphyrin Aluminum Metal-Organic Framework by Mechano-Chemistry, Delayed Drug Release and Cytotoxicity to Pancreatic Cancer PANC-1 Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3189. [PMID: 38999141 PMCID: PMC11243361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a widely used antimetabolite drug of pyrimidine structure, which can exist as a free-base molecular form (Gem). The encapsulated forms of medicinal drugs are of interest for delayed and local drug release. We utilized, for the first time, a novel approach of mechano-chemistry by liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) to encapsulate Gem on a "matrix" of porphyrin aluminum metal-organic framework Al-MOF-TCPPH2 (compound 2). The chemical bonding of Gem to compound 2 was studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and powder XRD. The interaction involves the C=O group of Gem molecules, which indicates the formation of the encapsulation complex in the obtained composite. Further, the delayed release of Gem from the composite was studied to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C using an automated drug dissolution apparatus equipped with an autosampler. The concentration of the released drug was determined by HPLC-UV analysis. The composite shows delayed release of Gem due to the bonded form and constant concentration thereafter, while pure Gem shows quick dissolution in less than 45 min. Delayed release of Gem drug from the composite follows the kinetic pseudo-first-order rate law. Further, for the first time, the mechanism of delayed release of Gem was assessed by the variable stirring speed of drug release media, and kinetic rate constant k was found to decrease when stirring speed is decreased (diffusion control). Finally, the prolonged time scale of toxicity of Gem to pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells was studied by continuous measurements of proliferation (growth) for 6 days, using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA), for the composite vs. pure drug, and their differences indicate delayed drug release. Aluminum metal-organic frameworks are new and promising materials for the encapsulation of gemcitabine and related small-molecule antimetabolites for controlled delayed drug release and potential use in drug-eluting implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Samokhvalov
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
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Wang Y, Pattarayan D, Huang H, Zhao Y, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Li S, Yang D. Systematic investigation of chemo-immunotherapy synergism to shift anti-PD-1 resistance in cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3178. [PMID: 38609378 PMCID: PMC11015024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy combinations have been regarded as one of the most practical ways to improve immunotherapy response in cancer patients. In this study, we integrate the transcriptomics data from anti-PD-1-treated tumors and compound-treated cancer cell lines to systematically screen for chemo-immunotherapy synergisms in silico. Through analyzing anti-PD-1 induced expression changes in patient tumors, we develop a shift ability score to measure if a chemotherapy or a small molecule inhibitor treatment can shift anti-PD-1 resistance in tumor cells. By applying shift ability analysis to 41,321 compounds and 16,853 shRNA treated cancer cell lines transcriptomic data, we characterize the landscape of chemo-immunotherapy synergism and experimentally validated a mitochondrial RNA-dependent mechanism for drug-induced immune activation in tumor. Our study represents an effort to mechanistically characterize chemo-immunotherapy synergism and will facilitate future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dhamotharan Pattarayan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yueshan Zhao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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6
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Sharma A, Verwilst P, Li M, Ma D, Singh N, Yoo J, Kim Y, Yang Y, Zhu JH, Huang H, Hu XL, He XP, Zeng L, James TD, Peng X, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Theranostic Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2699-2804. [PMID: 38422393 PMCID: PMC11132561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The ability to gain spatiotemporal information, and in some cases achieve spatiotemporal control, in the context of drug delivery makes theranostic fluorescent probes an attractive and intensely investigated research topic. This interest is reflected in the steep rise in publications on the topic that have appeared over the past decade. Theranostic fluorescent probes, in their various incarnations, generally comprise a fluorophore linked to a masked drug, in which the drug is released as the result of certain stimuli, with both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli being reported. This release is then signaled by the emergence of a fluorescent signal. Importantly, the use of appropriate fluorophores has enabled not only this emerging fluorescence as a spatiotemporal marker for drug delivery but also has provided modalities useful in photodynamic, photothermal, and sonodynamic therapeutic applications. In this review we highlight recent work on theranostic fluorescent probes with a particular focus on probes that are activated in tumor microenvironments. We also summarize efforts to develop probes for other applications, such as neurodegenerative diseases and antibacterials. This review celebrates the diversity of designs reported to date, from discrete small-molecule systems to nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide insights into the potential clinical impact of this still-emerging research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Amity
School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University
Punjab, Sector 82A, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mingle Li
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nem Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiao Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- National
Center for Liver Cancer, the International Cooperation Laboratory
on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary
Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United
States
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Marotta C, Cirri D, Kanavos I, Ronga L, Lobinski R, Funaioli T, Giacomelli C, Barresi E, Trincavelli ML, Marzo T, Pratesi A. Oxaliplatin(IV) Prodrugs Functionalized with Gemcitabine and Capecitabine Induce Blockage of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth-An Investigation of the Activation Mechanism and Their Nanoformulation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:278. [PMID: 38399332 PMCID: PMC10892879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of platinum-based anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, is a common frontline option in cancer management, but they have debilitating side effects and can lead to drug resistance. Combination therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents, such as capecitabine and gemcitabine, has been explored. One approach to overcome these limitations is the modification of traditional Pt(II) drugs to obtain new molecules with an improved pharmacological profile, such as Pt(IV) prodrugs. The design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel Pt(IV) prodrugs based on oxaliplatin bearing the anticancer drugs gemcitabine or capecitabine in the axial positions have been reported. These complexes were able to dissociate into their constituents to promote cell death and induce apoptosis and cell cycle blockade in a representative colorectal cancer cell model. Specifically, the complex bearing gemcitabine resulted in being the most active on the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 0.49 ± 0.04. A pilot study on the encapsulation of these complexes in biocompatible PLGA-PEG nanoparticles is also included to confirm the retention of the pharmacological properties and cellular drug uptake, opening up to the possible delivery of the studied complexes through their nanoformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Marotta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Ioannis Kanavos
- Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), Pau University, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France; (I.K.); (L.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), Pau University, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France; (I.K.); (L.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), Pau University, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France; (I.K.); (L.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
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Kastner A, Mendrina T, Babu T, Karmakar S, Poetsch I, Berger W, Keppler BK, Gibson D, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Stepwise optimization of tumor-targeted dual-action platinum(iv)-gemcitabine prodrugs. Inorg Chem Front 2024; 11:534-548. [PMID: 38235273 PMCID: PMC10790623 DOI: 10.1039/d3qi02032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
While platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents have established themselves as indispensable components of anticancer therapy, they are accompanied by a variety of side effects and the rapid occurrence of drug resistance. A promising strategy to address these challenges is the use of platinum(iv) prodrugs, which remain inert until they reach the tumor tissue, thereby mitigating detrimental effects on healthy cells. Typically, platinum drugs are part of combination therapy settings. Consequently, a very elegant strategy is the development of platinum(iv) prodrugs bearing a second, clinically relevant therapeutic in axial position. In the present study, we focused on gemcitabine as an approved antimetabolite, which is highly synergistic with platinum drugs. In addition, to increase plasma half-life and facilitate tumor-specific accumulation, an albumin-binding maleimide moiety was attached. Our investigations revealed that maleimide-cisplatin(iv)-gemcitabine complexes cannot carry sufficient amounts of gemcitabine to induce a significant effect in vivo. Consequently, we designed a carboplatin(iv) analog, that can be applied at much higher doses. Remarkably, this novel analog demonstrated impressive in vivo results, characterized by significant improvements in overall survival. Notably, these encouraging results could also be transferred to an in vivo xenograft model with acquired gemcitabine resistance, indicating the high potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem) Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Theresa Mendrina
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Subhendu Karmakar
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9112102 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Waehringer Str. 42 1090 Vienna Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" 1090 Vienna Austria
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9
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Li XJ, Nie P, Herdewijn P, Sun JG. Unlocking the synthetic approaches and clinical application of approved small-molecule drugs for gastrointestinal cancer treatment: A comprehensive exploration. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115928. [PMID: 37944387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers encompass a group of malignancies affecting the digestive system, including the stomach, esophagus, liver, colon, rectum and pancreas. These cancers represent a significant global health burden, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Small-molecule drugs have emerged as crucial therapeutic options in the fight against GI cancers due to their oral bioavailability, targeted mechanisms of action, and well-established safety profiles. The review then elucidates the clinical applications and synthetic methods of clinically approved small-molecule drugs for the treatment of GI cancer, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and their potential in mitigating GI cancer progression. The review also discusses future prospects and the evolving landscape of small-molecule drug development in GI oncology, highlighting the potential for personalized medicine. In summary, this review provides valuable insights into cutting-edge strategies for harnessing clinically approved small-molecule drugs to combat GI cancer effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Peng Nie
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jian-Gang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu C, Yuan C, Zhang Y. Identification of disulfidptosis-related subgroups and prognostic signatures in lung adenocarcinoma using machine learning and experimental validation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233260. [PMID: 37799714 PMCID: PMC10548142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disulfidptosis is a newly identified variant of cell death characterized by disulfide accumulation, which is independent of ATP depletion. Accordingly, the latent influence of disulfidptosis on the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and the progression of tumors remains poorly understood. Methods We conducted a multifaceted analysis of the transcriptional and genetic modifications in disulfidptosis regulators (DRs) specific to LUAD, followed by an evaluation of their expression configurations to define DR clusters. Harnessing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from these clusters, we formulated an optimal predictive model by amalgamating 10 distinct machine learning algorithms across 101 unique combinations to compute the disulfidptosis score (DS). Patients were subsequently stratified into high and low DS cohorts based on median DS values. We then performed an exhaustive comparison between these cohorts, focusing on somatic mutations, clinical attributes, tumor microenvironment, and treatment responsiveness. Finally, we empirically validated the biological implications of a critical gene, KYNU, through assays in LUAD cell lines. Results We identified two DR clusters and there were great differences in overall survival (OS) and tumor microenvironment. We selected the "Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) + Random Survival Forest (RFS)" algorithm to develop a DS based on the average C-index across different cohorts. Our model effectively stratified LUAD patients into high- and low-DS subgroups, with this latter demonstrating superior OS, a reduced mutational landscape, enhanced immune status, and increased sensitivity to immunotherapy. Notably, the predictive accuracy of DS outperformed the published LUAD signature and clinical features. Finally, we validated the DS expression using clinical samples and found that inhibiting KYNU suppressed LUAD cells proliferation, invasiveness, and migration in vitro. Conclusions The DR-based scoring system that we developed enabled accurate prognostic stratification of LUAD patients and provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengliang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
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11
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Bayram E, Toyran T, Paydas S. Gemcitabine-associated DRESS syndrome: A case report. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1480-1483. [PMID: 37006201 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231167531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gemcitabine is a well-tolerated pyrimidine antimetabolite chemotherapeutic that is increasingly utilized to treat non-small cell lung carcinoma, breast, pancreatic, and urogenital cancers. Myelosuppression is a common side effect and skin rashes can be observed. We discuss a case of the exceedingly rare DRESS syndrome, which appeared following Gemcitabine treatment. CASE REPORT A 60-year-old patient with pancreatic cancer and liver metastases received therapy with Gemcitabine as a single agent. Fever, itching, and redness started to be reported on the third day of receiving Gemcitabine treatment. The patient's diffuse maculopapular rash steadily got worse, leading to hospitalization. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME In the patient's physical examination, a high fever, hepatomegaly, and a diffuse macular papular rash were detected, an increase in eosinophils in the complete blood count and peripheral blood. A skin biopsy was performed. It was determined that the patient had Gemcitabine-associated DRESS syndrome. Antihistamines and local steroids were administered. On the fifth day following treatment, skin lesions and eosinophilia decreased. DISCUSSION The most common cause of DRESS syndrome, a disorder marked by extensive skin eruption, fever, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms, is medication use. Infections including HHV-6, EBV, and CMV can occasionally be the reason. Gemcitabine is one of the medications that is frequently used in cancer, and a case was provided because the literature review did not mention Gemcitabine-related DRESS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Bayram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tugba Toyran
- Department of Pathology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Semra Paydas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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12
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Zou HN, Huang ML, Huang MY, Su YX, Zhang JW, Zhang XY, Zhu SF. Chiral gem-difluoroalkyl reagents: gem-difluoroalkyl propargylic borons and gem-difluoroalkyl α-allenols. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9186-9190. [PMID: 37655040 PMCID: PMC10466307 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral fluorinated reagents provide new opportunities for the discovery of drugs and functional materials because the introduction of a fluorinated group significantly alters a molecule's physicochemical properties. Chiral gem-difluoroalkyl fragments (R-CF2-C*) are key motifs in many drugs. However, the scarcity of synthetic methods and types of chiral gem-difluoroalkyl reagents limits the applications of these compounds. Herein, we report two types of chiral gem-difluoroalkyl reagents chiral gem-difluoroalkyl propargylic borons and gem-difluoroalkyl α-allenols and their synthesis by means of methods involving rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective B-H bond insertion reactions of carbenes and Lewis acid-promoted allenylation reactions. The mild, operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. These two types of reagents contain easily transformable boron and alkynyl or allenyl moieties and thus might facilitate rapid modular construction of chiral molecules containing chiral gem-difluoroalkyl fragments and might provide new opportunities for the discovery of chiral gem-difluoroalkyl drugs and other functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Na Zou
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Meng-Lin Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming-Yao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu-Xuan Su
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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13
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Bintener T, Pacheco MP, Philippidou D, Margue C, Kishk A, Del Mistro G, Di Leo L, Moscardó Garcia M, Halder R, Sinkkonen L, De Zio D, Kreis S, Kulms D, Sauter T. Metabolic modelling-based in silico drug target prediction identifies six novel repurposable drugs for melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:468. [PMID: 37495601 PMCID: PMC10372000 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite high initial response rates to targeted kinase inhibitors, the majority of patients suffering from metastatic melanoma present with high relapse rates, demanding for alternative therapeutic options. We have previously developed a drug repurposing workflow to identify metabolic drug targets that, if depleted, inhibit the growth of cancer cells without harming healthy tissues. In the current study, we have applied a refined version of the workflow to specifically predict both, common essential genes across various cancer types, and melanoma-specific essential genes that could potentially be used as drug targets for melanoma treatment. The in silico single gene deletion step was adapted to simulate the knock-out of all targets of a drug on an objective function such as growth or energy balance. Based on publicly available, and in-house, large-scale transcriptomic data metabolic models for melanoma were reconstructed enabling the prediction of 28 candidate drugs and estimating their respective efficacy. Twelve highly efficacious drugs with low half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for the treatment of other cancers, which are not yet approved for melanoma treatment, were used for in vitro validation using melanoma cell lines. Combination of the top 4 out of 6 promising candidate drugs with BRAF or MEK inhibitors, partially showed synergistic growth inhibition compared to individual BRAF/MEK inhibition. Hence, the repurposing of drugs may enable an increase in therapeutic options e.g., for non-responders or upon acquired resistance to conventional melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Bintener
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pires Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Demetra Philippidou
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christiane Margue
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ali Kishk
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Greta Del Mistro
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Melanoma Research Team, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Moscardó Garcia
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Daniela De Zio
- Melanoma Research Team, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Kreis
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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14
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Zhang Z, Lee KCM, Siu DMD, Lo MCK, Lai QTK, Lam EY, Tsia KK. Morphological profiling by high-throughput single-cell biophysical fractometry. Commun Biol 2023; 6:449. [PMID: 37095203 PMCID: PMC10126163 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex and irregular cell architecture is known to statistically exhibit fractal geometry, i.e., a pattern resembles a smaller part of itself. Although fractal variations in cells are proven to be closely associated with the disease-related phenotypes that are otherwise obscured in the standard cell-based assays, fractal analysis with single-cell precision remains largely unexplored. To close this gap, here we develop an image-based approach that quantifies a multitude of single-cell biophysical fractal-related properties at subcellular resolution. Taking together with its high-throughput single-cell imaging performance (~10,000 cells/sec), this technique, termed single-cell biophysical fractometry, offers sufficient statistical power for delineating the cellular heterogeneity, in the context of lung-cancer cell subtype classification, drug response assays and cell-cycle progression tracking. Further correlative fractal analysis shows that single-cell biophysical fractometry can enrich the standard morphological profiling depth and spearhead systematic fractal analysis of how cell morphology encodes cellular health and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin C M Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dickson M D Siu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle C K Lo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Queenie T K Lai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Edmund Y Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin K Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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15
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Shen D, Deng Z, Liu W, Zhou F, Fang Y, Shan D, Wang G, Qian K, Yu M, Zhang Y, Ju L, Xiao Y, Wang X. Melatonin inhibits bladder tumorigenesis by suppressing PPARγ/ENO1-mediated glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:246. [PMID: 37024456 PMCID: PMC10079981 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known natural hormone, which shows a potential anticancer effect in many human cancers. Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most malignant human cancers in the world. Chemoresistance is an increasingly prominent phenomenon that presents an obstacle to the clinical treatment of BLCA. There is an urgent need to investigate novel drugs to improve the current clinical status. In our study, we comprehensively explored the inhibitory effect of melatonin on BLCA and found that it could suppress glycolysis process. Moreover, we discovered that ENO1, a glycolytic enzyme involved in the ninth step of glycolysis, was the downstream effector of melatonin and could be a predictive biomarker of BLCA. We also proved that enhanced glycolysis simulated by adding exogenous pyruvate could induce gemcitabine resistance, and melatonin treatment or silencing of ENO1 could intensify the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine on BLCA cells. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated the inhibitory effect of melatonin on BLCA cells. Additionally, we uncovered that PPARγ was a novel upstream regulator of ENO1, which mediated the downregulation of ENO1 caused by melatonin. Our study offers a fresh perspective on the anticancer effect of melatonin and encourages further studies on clinical chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yayun Fang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Danni Shan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Henry B, Samokhvalov A. Characterization of tautomeric forms of anti-cancer drug gemcitabine and their interconversion upon mechano-chemical treatment, using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and complementary methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115243. [PMID: 36657351 PMCID: PMC9977068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a widely used anti-cancer drug of pyrimidine structure, which can exist as a free base molecular form in crystals. Tautomers are structural isomers of molecules, which interconvert via proton transfer. Mechano-chemistry studies reactions of solids under mechanical impact. We investigated gemcitabine free base for the presence of specific molecular tautomers, using ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis, powder XRD, optical microscopy and HPLC. The amino-keto tautomer has the characteristic infrared (IR) peak of the amino group at 3390 cm-1. For the first time, the imino-keto tautomer of gemcitabine free base was detected. The imino-keto tautomer has the characteristic IR peak of the =N-H group, and its peak due to the CO group in pyrimidine ring is shifted vs. that of the amino-keto tautomer. This serves as the unique spectroscopic "fingerprints" of these tautomers. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis shows that gemcitabine free base can be enriched with the amino-keto or the imino-keto tautomer. Further, we studied the transformation of gemcitabine free base in crystals between its tautomers under conditions of liquid-assisted grinding (LAG). The imino-keto tautomer undergoes tautomerization to the amino-keto tautomer, while the amino-keto tautomer remains stable. No destruction of molecules of gemcitabine free base, when present as either tautomer, occurs during LAG as was verified by the HPLC-UV analysis. LAG is a new, straightforward, facile and fast method to interconvert tautomers in crystals, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is a method of choice to study tautomerization reactions of pharmaceuticals. The presented approach is promising for analysis of crystals of drugs containing one or more than one tautomer, and the knowledge-driven design of composite materials, which contain specific tautomeric molecular forms of pyrimidines, purines and other biologically active heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrington Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Alexander Samokhvalov
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
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17
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Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Vijayan V, Kumar D, Naik J, Thareja S, Yadav JP, Pathak P, Grishina M, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:299. [PMID: 37259442 PMCID: PMC9965678 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major healthcare challenges across the globe. Several anticancer drugs are available on the market but they either lack specificity or have poor safety, severe side effects, and suffer from resistance. So, there is a dire need to develop safer and target-specific anticancer drugs. More than 85% of all physiologically active pharmaceuticals are heterocycles or contain at least one heteroatom. Nitrogen heterocycles constituting the most common heterocyclic framework. In this study, we have compiled the FDA approved heterocyclic drugs with nitrogen atoms and their pharmacological properties. Moreover, we have reported nitrogen containing heterocycles, including pyrimidine, quinolone, carbazole, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, β-lactam, indole, pyrazole, quinazoline, quinoxaline, isatin, pyrrolo-benzodiazepines, and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer, concurrently covering the biochemical mechanisms of action and cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Jashwanth Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Jagat Pal Yadav
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rama University, Kanpur 209217, India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, 454008 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, 454008 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
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18
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Hossan MS, Lin ES, Riedl E, Stram A, Mehlhaff E, Koeppel L, Warner J, Uko I, Mankowski Gettle L, Lubner S, McGregor SM, Zhang W, Murphy W, Kratz JD. Spatial Alignment of Organoids Tracking Subclonal Chemotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic and Ampullary Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010091. [PMID: 36671664 PMCID: PMC9854538 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic and ampullary cancers remain highly morbid diseases for which accurate clinical predictions are needed for precise therapeutic predictions. Patient-derived cancer organoids have been widely adopted; however, prior work has focused on well-level therapeutic sensitivity. To characterize individual oligoclonal units of therapeutic response, we introduce a low-volume screening assay, including an automated alignment algorithm. The oligoclonal growth response was compared against validated markers of response, including well-level viability and markers of single-cell viability. Line-specific sensitivities were compared with clinical outcomes. Automated alignment algorithms were generated to match organoids across time using coordinates across a single projection of Z-stacked images. After screening for baseline size (50 μm) and circularity (>0.4), the match efficiency was found to be optimized by accepting the diffusion thresholded with the root mean standard deviation of 75 μm. Validated well-level viability showed a limited correlation with the mean organoid size (R = 0.408), and a normalized growth assayed by normalized changes in area (R = 0.474) and area (R = 0.486). Subclonal populations were defined by both residual growth and the failure to induce apoptosis and necrosis. For a culture with clinical resistance to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, while a therapeutic challenge induced a robust effect in inhibiting cell growth (GΔ = 1.53), residual oligoclonal populations were able to limit the effect on the ability to induce apoptosis (GΔ = 0.52) and cell necrosis (GΔ = 1.07). Bioengineered approaches are feasible to capture oligoclonal heterogeneity in organotypic cultures, integrating ongoing efforts for utilizing organoids across cancer types as integral biomarkers and in novel therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossan
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ethan Samuel Lin
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eleanor Riedl
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Austin Stram
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eric Mehlhaff
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Luke Koeppel
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jamie Warner
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Inem Uko
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lori Mankowski Gettle
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sam Lubner
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Health System, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephanie M. McGregor
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Kratz
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Health System, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide problem afflicting 19 million people. Inhibition of DNA synthesis has been a cornerstone of anticancer therapy. A variety of chemotherapy drugs have been developed and many of these are aimed at inhibiting DNA synthesis, as they damage DNA, form DNA adduct and interfere with DNA synthesis. Another type of chemotherapy interferes with the synthesis of nucleotide pools. There are also other types of drugs that inhibit topoisomerases resulting in the interference with DNA replication and transcription. Significant progress has been made regarding radiation therapy that includes X-ray (and γ-ray), proton therapy and heavy ion therapy. The Auger therapy is a type of radiation therapy that differs from X-ray, proton or heavy ion therapy. The method relies on the use of high Z elements such as gadolinium, iodine, gold or silver. Irradiation of these elements results in the release of electrons including the Auger electrons that have strong DNA damaging effect. Tamanoi et al. developed novel nanoparticles containing gadolinium or iodine to place high Z elements at the periphery of the nucleus thus localizing them close to DNA. Irradiation with monochromatic X-ray resulted in the formation of double-strand DNA breaks leading to the destruction of tumor mass. Comparison of conventional X-ray therapy and the Auger therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) and computational study of gemcitabine drug adsorption on to Au/Ag clusters with different complexes: Adsorption behavior and solvent effect (IEFPCM) – Anticancer agent. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Yan C, Niu Y, Ma L, Tian L, Ma J. System analysis based on the cuproptosis-related genes identifies LIPT1 as a novel therapy target for liver hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:452. [PMID: 36195876 PMCID: PMC9531858 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) ranks sixth among the most common types of cancer with a high mortality rate. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death in tumor, which is characterized by accumulation of intracellular copper leading to the aggregation of mitochondrial lipoproteins and destabilization of proteins. Thus, understanding the exact effects of cuproptosis-related genes in LIHC and determining their prognosticvalue is critical. However, the prognostic model of LIHC based on cuproptosis-related genes has not been reported. METHODS Firstly, we downloaded transcriptome data and clinical information of LIHC patients from TCGA and GEO (GSE76427), respectively. We then extracted the expression of cuproptosis-related genes and established a prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. Afterwards, the prediction performance of the model was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Then, the prognostic model and the expression levels of the three genes were validated using the dataset from GEO. Subsequently, we divided LIHC patients into two subtypes by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) classification and performed survival analysis. We constructed a Sankey plot linking different subtypes and prognostic models. Next, we calculate the drug sensitivity of each sample from patients in the high-risk group and low-risk group by the R package pRRophetic. Finally, we verified the function of LIPT1 in LIHC. RESULTS Using lasso cox regression analysis, we developed a prognostic risk model based on three cuproptosis-related genes (GCSH, LIPT1 and CDKN2A). Both in the training and in the test sets, the overall survival (OS) of LIHC patients in the low-risk group was significantly longer than that in the high-risk group. By performing NMF cluster, we identified two molecular subtypes of LIHC (C1 and C2), with C1 subtype having significantly longer OS and PFS than C2 subtype. The ROC analysis indicated that our model had a precisely predictive capacity for patients with LIHC. The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk score is an independent predictor. Subsequently, we identified 71 compounds with IC50 values that differed between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Finally, we determined that knockdown of LIPT1 gene expression inhibited proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells. CONCLUSION In this study, we developed a novel prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on cuproptosis-related genes that can effectively predict the prognosis of LIHC patients. The model may be helpful for clinicians to make clinical decisions for patients with LIHC and provide valuable insights for individualized treatment. Two distinct subtypes of LIHC were identified based on cuproptosis-related genes, with different prognosis and immune characteristics. In addition, we verified that LIPT1 may promote proliferation, invasion and migration of LIHC cells. LIPT1 might be a new potential target for therapy of LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- grid.495434.b0000 0004 1797 4346School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Yandie Niu
- grid.495434.b0000 0004 1797 4346School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Liukai Ma
- grid.495434.b0000 0004 1797 4346School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Lifang Tian
- grid.495434.b0000 0004 1797 4346School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Jiahao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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22
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Beteta-Göbel R, Miralles M, Fernández-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Lorca R, Torres M, Fernández-García P, Escribá PV, Lladó V. HCA (2-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid) Induces Apoptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9902. [PMID: 36077299 PMCID: PMC9456069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to its aggressive nature and high metastatic rate. When coupled to the difficulties in detecting this type of tumor early and the lack of effective treatments, this cancer is currently one of the most important clinical challenges in the field of oncology. Melitherapy is an innovative therapeutic approach that is based on modifying the composition and structure of cell membranes to treat different diseases, including cancers. In this context, 2-hydroxycervonic acid (HCA) is a melitherapeutic agent developed to combat pancreatic cancer cells, provoking the programmed cell death by apoptosis of these cells by inducing ER stress and triggering the production of ROS species. The efficacy of HCA was demonstrated in vivo, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, using a MIA PaCa-2 cell xenograft model of pancreatic cancer in which no apparent toxicity was evident. HCA is metabolized by α-oxidation to C21:5n-3 (heneicosapentaenoic acid), which in turn also showed anti-proliferative effect in these cells. Given the unmet clinical needs associated with pancreatic cancer, the data presented here suggest that the use of HCA merits further study as a potential therapy for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Beteta-Göbel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marc Miralles
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Díaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Lorca
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- R&D Department, Laminar Pharmaceuticals, C/Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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23
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Ward K, Kitchen MO, Mathias SJ, Khanim FL, Bryan RT. Novel intravesical therapeutics in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Horizon scanning. Front Surg 2022; 9:912438. [PMID: 35959122 PMCID: PMC9360612 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.912438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common and heterogeneous disease; many patients develop recurrent or progress to muscle-invasive disease. Intravesical drug therapy is a pillar in the current management of NMIBC; notwithstanding, Mitomycin C (MMC) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have numerous limitations including international supply issues, and local and systemic toxicity. Here we review novel intravesical therapeutic options and drug delivery devices with potential for clinical use in the treatment of NMIBC. Methods PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library searches were undertaken. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, single-arm clinical trials and national/international conference proceedings were included. Results Novel intravesical drugs, including chemotherapeutic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and gene therapies, have demonstrated varying efficacy in the treatment of NMIBC. Current evidence for the majority of treatments is mostly limited to single-arm trials in patients with recurrent NMIBC. Various novel methods of drug delivery have also been investigated, with encouraging preliminary results supporting the intravesical delivery of hyperthermic MMC and MMC hydrogel formulations. Conclusions Novel therapeutic agents and drug delivery systems will be important in the future intravesical management of NMIBC. As our understanding of the molecular diversity of NMIBC develops, molecular subtyping will become fundamental in the personalisation of intravesical treatments. Further randomised studies are urgently required to investigate the efficacy of novel intravesical treatments and novel regimens, in comparison to current standards-of-care, particularly in the context of international BCG shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ward
- The Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark O Kitchen
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh-Jay Mathias
- New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Farhat L Khanim
- The Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T Bryan
- The Bladder Cancer Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Miwa K, Ushijima T, Nagasu S, Fukahori M, Ishii K, Nakamura T, Iwamoto H, Masuda A, Sakaue T, Koga H, Akagi Y, Murotani K, Torimura T. Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for Trousseau syndrome‑related cerebral infarction in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:318. [PMID: 35949619 PMCID: PMC9353866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction rarely occurs during chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, and its clinical features remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the clinical features of Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction developed during chemotherapy for GI cancer. The present retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 878 patients with unresectable GI cancer who received chemotherapy at the Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital (Kurume, Japan) between April 2014 and March 2020. Patients with colorectal cancer (n=308) were the most common, followed by those with pancreatic (n=242), gastric (n=222) and biliary tract (n=59) cancer, neuroendocrine tumors (n=34) and duodenal cancer (n=11). Among the 878 patients, Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction occurred in 8 (0.9%) patients with a median age of 70.5 years (range, 58–75 years), and 50% of the patients were male (4/8). In total, 3 patients had gastric cancer, 3 had pancreatic cancer and 2 had biliary tract cancer. A greater percentage of patients with Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction had hyperlipidemia (38.0%) than those without (8.2%; P=0.005). Hyperlipidemia was a risk factor for occurrence of Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction with an odds ratio of 7.009 (95% confidence interval, 1.785-27.513). Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction developed during GI chemotherapy was rare and hyperlipidemia may predict its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Tanaka
- Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miwa
- Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ushijima
- Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nagasu
- Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Masaru Fukahori
- Multidisciplinary Treatment Cancer Center, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Kaito Ishii
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Masuda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakaue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
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25
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Abdullah RA, Ismail HK, AL-Hubaity AY. Histological Effect of Gemcitabine on the Liver and Kidney of Male Rat with and without Melatonin. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the aim of this study is to identify the toxic effect of gemcitabine on the kidney and liver tissues of rat and whether melatonin has any protective effect on these tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 adults male Wistar rats were selected and divided into four groups. Group A was the control group that received normal saline. Group B received gemcitabine alone in a dose of 25mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally once per week for four successive weeks. Group C received gemcitabine intraperitoneally in a dose of 25mg/ kg and melatonin orally in a dose of 10mg/kg once per week for four successive weeks. Group D received only melatonin 10mg/kg once per week for four weeks.
RESULTS: The histological changes of liver of group B showed disorganization of hepatic tissue with congestion in the portal area and chronic inflammatory cells infiltration in the periportal area. Nuclei of some hepatocytes were vesicular with steatosis. In group C liver sections showed inflammatory cell infiltration with mild pyknosis of some hepatocytes. Liver sections of group D were limited to degeneration of some hepatocyte. Renal sections of group B showed degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells with thickening of blood vessel wall, congestion and thrombus formation with cystic appearance in the interstitial tissue were detected. While in group C the histological sections showed swelling of epithelial cells lining renal tubules with congestion of blood vessels. Renal sections of group D were more or less normal.
CONCLUSION: the present study concluded that gemcitabine induced toxic effect on liver and kidney of male rats and melatonin may play protective effect on the tissue of these organs.
Key wards: gemcitabine, melatonin, liver, kidney, rat
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26
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Midorikawa Y. Treatment of biliary tract carcinoma over the last 30 years. Biosci Trends 2022; 16:189-197. [PMID: 35732436 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection could offer the only chance of a long-term cure for biliary tract carcinoma. However, only a small percentage of these patients can undergo surgery based on the progression of the disease. Most patients with biliary tract carcinoma receive palliative chemotherapy. Until 2010, patients with unresectable biliary tract carcinoma received fluorouracil (5-FU), gemcitabine (GEM), and cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapies. The ABC-02 study established GEM with CDDP as the first-line therapy for patients with unresectable biliary tract carcinoma, and phase III studies indicated that several combinations of anti-cancer drugs such as GEM with S-1 benefited patients. In contrast, clinical studies on targeted therapy dosages for biliary tract carcinoma in the 2010s failed to corroborate the advantages of administering cancer treatment with or without other anticancer drugs. Due to the easy access to cancer panels, precision medicines (such as ivosidenib for IDH1 mutations, pemigatinib for FGFR2 fusions, and entrectinib and larotrectinib for NTRK fusions) were recently found to be effective in the treatment of patients with these genetic alterations. Moreover, many clinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced biliary tract carcinoma are currently underway and could provide more effective treatment options in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Midorikawa
- Department of General Surgery, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Reza R, Dutta T, Baildya N, Ghosh NN, Khan AA, Das RK. Repurposing of anti-lung cancer drugs as multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins: An insight from molecular docking and MD-simulation study. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105615. [PMID: 35690231 PMCID: PMC9174081 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have selected seventeen anti-lung cancer drugs to screen against Mpro, PLpro and spike glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2to ascertain the potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19. ADMET profiling were employed to evaluate their pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular docking studies revealed that Capmatinib (CAP) showed highest binding affinity against the selected proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and the analysis of RMSD, RMSF, and binding energy confirmed the abrupt conformational changes of the proteins due to the presence of this drug. These findings provide an opportunity for doing advanced experimental research to evaluate the potential drug to combat COVID-19.
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28
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Maiti M, Kikuchi K, Athul KK, Kaur A, Bhuniya S. β-Galactosidase-activated theranostic for hepatic carcinoma therapy and imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6413-6416. [PMID: 35543438 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A β-galactosidase activatable fluorescent turn-on theranostic Gal-CGem exhibits gemcitabine release specifically in β-galactosidase overexpressing hepatic carcinoma cells. The cytotoxicity of Gal-CGem in cancer cells is achieved through the apoptotic cell death pathway. Overall, Gal-CGem is a new frontline prodrug in cancer therapy that has provided antineoplastic information through fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Maiti
- Department of Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India, 641112
| | - Kai Kikuchi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - K K Athul
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Kolkata, India, 700091.
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Kolkata, India, 700091.
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29
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Aptamer–Gemcitabine Conjugates with Enzymatically Cleavable Linker for Targeted Delivery and Intracellular Drug Release in Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050558. [PMID: 35631384 PMCID: PMC9147807 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic used clinically to treat a variety of cancers. However, because it lacks tumor cell specificity, gemcitabine may cause off-target cytotoxicity and adversely impact patients. To impart cancer cell specificity to gemcitabine and improve its therapeutic efficacy, we synthesized a unique aptamer–drug conjugate that carries a high gemcitabine payload (three molecules) via a dendrimer structure and enzymatically cleavable linkers for controlled intracellular drug release. First, linker–gemcitabinedendrimer–linker–gemcitabine products were produced, which had significantly lower cytotoxicity than an equimolar amount of free drug. Biochemical analysis revealed that lysosomal cathepsin B protease rapidly cleaved the dendritic linkers and released the conjugated gemcitabine as a free drug. Subsequently, the dendrimer–linker–gemcitabine was coupled with a cell-specific aptamer to form aptamer–gemcitabine conjugates. Functional assays confirmed that, under aptamer guidance, aptamer–gemcitabine conjugates were selectively bound to and then internalized by triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cellular therapy studies indicated that the aptamer–gemcitabine conjugates potentiated cytotoxic activity to targeted cancer cells but did not affect off-target control cells. Our study demonstrates a novel approach to aptamer-mediated targeted drug delivery that combines a high drug payload and an enzymatically controlled drug release switch to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and fewer off-target effects relative to free-drug chemotherapy.
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30
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Biallas P, Yamazaki K, Dixon DJ. Difluoroalkylation of Tertiary Amides and Lactams by an Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Reformatsky Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:2002-2007. [PMID: 35258311 PMCID: PMC9082613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed, reductive alkylation of abundant tertiary lactams and amides using 1-2 mol % of Vaska's complex (IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2), tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), and difluoro-Reformatsky reagents (BrZnCF2R) for the general synthesis of medicinally relevant α-difluoroalkylated tertiary amines is described. A broad scope (46 examples), including N-aryl- and N-heteroaryl-substituted lactams, demonstrated an excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, late-stage drug functionalizations, a gram-scale synthesis, and common downstream transformations proved the potential synthetic relevance of this new methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Biallas
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
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31
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Kaur M, Kaur M, Bandopadhyay T, Sharma A, Priya A, Singh A, Banerjee B. Naturally occurring, natural product inspired and synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This chapter describes the importance and activity of a huge number of commercially available naturally occurring, natural product derived or synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Tania Bandopadhyay
- Completed MBBS from North Bengal Medical College and Hospital , Darjeeling , West Bengal , Pin-734432 , India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
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32
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Karki P, Angardi V, Mier JC, Orman MA. A Transient Metabolic State in Melanoma Persister Cells Mediated by Chemotherapeutic Treatments. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:780192. [PMID: 35155562 PMCID: PMC8829428 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.780192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence is a transient state that poses an important health concern in cancer therapy. The mechanisms associated with persister phenotypes are highly diverse and complex, and many aspects of persister cell physiology remain to be explored. We applied a melanoma cell line and panel of chemotherapeutic agents to show that melanoma persister cells are not necessarily preexisting dormant cells; in fact, they may be induced by cancer chemotherapeutics. Our metabolomics analysis and phenotype microarray assays further demonstrated a transient upregulation in Krebs cycle metabolism in persister cells. We also verified that targeting electron transport chain activity can significantly reduce melanoma persister levels. The reported metabolic remodeling feature seems to be a conserved characteristic of melanoma persistence, as it has been observed in various melanoma persister subpopulations derived from a diverse range of chemotherapeutics. Elucidating a global metabolic mechanism that contributes to persister survival and reversible switching will ultimately foster the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Bibi S, Ur-rehman S, Khalid L, Bhatti IA, Bhatti HN, Iqbal J, Bai FQ, Zhang HX. Investigation of the adsorption properties of gemcitabine anticancer drug with metal-doped boron nitride fullerenes as a drug-delivery carrier: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2873-2887. [PMID: 35425316 PMCID: PMC8979131 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer-drug delivery is now becoming a challenging approach for researchers as it allows controlled drug delivery near cancerous cells with minimized generic collection and the avoidance of secondary side effects. Hence in this work, the applications of nanostructures as anticancer drug-delivery carriers were widely investigated to target cancerous tissues. Based on DFT calculations, we investigated the transition metal-doped boron nitride nanostructure as a drug-delivery agent for the gemcitabine drug utilizing the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory. In this research, the adsorption energy and electronic parameters of gemcitabine on the interaction with the metal-doped BN nanostructures were studied. It has been observed that metal doping significantly enhances the drug-delivery properties of BN nanostructures. Among the investigated nanostructures, Ni–BN has been found to be the most prominent nanostructure to transport gemcitabine with an elevated value of adsorption energy in both the gas phase (−45.79) and water media (−32.46). The interaction between gemcitabine and BN nanostructures was confirmed through frontier molecular orbitals and stabilization energy analysis. The fractional charge transfer, MEP, NCI, and NBO analyses exposed the charge transfer from drug molecule to the BN nanostructures. Transition density maps and UV-VIS spectra were also plotted to investigate the excited-state properties of the designed complexes. Thus, the present study provides an in-depth interaction mechanism of the gemcitabine drug with BN, which reveals that metal-doped BN nanostructures can be a favorable drug-delivery vehicle for the gemcitabine anticancer drug. Anticancer-drug delivery is now becoming a challenging approach for researchers as it allows controlled drug delivery near cancerous cells with minimized generic collection and the avoidance of secondary side effects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur-rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Laryeb Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fu Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
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Rus I, Pusta A, Tertiș M, Barbălată C, Tomuță I, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. Gemcitabine Direct Electrochemical Detection from Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090912. [PMID: 34577618 PMCID: PMC8466666 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of fast and easy-to-use methods for gemcitabine detection is of great interest for pharmaceutical formulation control in both research laboratories and hospitals. In this study, we report a simple, fast and direct electrochemical method for gemcitabine detection using a boron-doped diamond electrode. The electrochemical oxidation of gemcitabine on a boron-doped diamond electrode was found to be irreversible in differential pulse voltammetry, and scan rate influence studies demonstrated that the process is diffusion-controlled. The influence of the pH and supporting electrolytes were also tested, and the optimized differential pulse voltammetry method was linear in the range of 2.5–50 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.85 μg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4; 0.1 M). An amperometric method was also optimized for gemcitabine detection. The linear range of the method was 0.5–65 μg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline of pH 7.4 as well as pH 5.5, the limit of detection being 0.15 μg/mL. The optimized differential pulse voltammetry and amperometric detection strategies were successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations, and the results were compared to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry with good correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Rus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.R.); (A.P.); (M.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Alexandra Pusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.R.); (A.P.); (M.T.); (R.S.)
- Department of Medical Devices, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertiș
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.R.); (A.P.); (M.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Cristina Barbălată
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Robert Săndulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.R.); (A.P.); (M.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.R.); (A.P.); (M.T.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-721-375-789
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Waldherr L, Seitanidou M, Jakešová M, Handl V, Honeder S, Nowakowska M, Tomin T, Karami Rad M, Schmidt T, Distl J, Birner‐Gruenberger R, von Campe G, Schäfer U, Berggren M, Rinner B, Asslaber M, Ghaffari‐Tabrizi‐Wizsy N, Patz S, Simon DT, Schindl R. Targeted Chemotherapy of Glioblastoma Spheroids with an Iontronic Pump. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2001302. [PMID: 34195355 PMCID: PMC8218220 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most lethal tumor of the brain, is presently hampered by (i) the limits of safe surgical resection and (ii) "shielding" of residual tumor cells from promising chemotherapeutic drugs such as Gemcitabine (Gem) by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Here, the vastly greater GBM cell-killing potency of Gem compared to the gold standard temozolomide is confirmed, moreover, it shows neuronal cells to be at least 104-fold less sensitive to Gem than GBM cells. The study also demonstrates the potential of an electronically-driven organic ion pump ("GemIP") to achieve controlled, targeted Gem delivery to GBM cells. Thus, GemIP-mediated Gem delivery is confirmed to be temporally and electrically controllable with pmol min-1 precision and electric addressing is linked to the efficient killing of GBM cell monolayers. Most strikingly, GemIP-mediated GEM delivery leads to the overt disintegration of targeted GBM tumor spheroids. Electrically-driven chemotherapy, here exemplified, has the potential to radically improve the efficacy of GBM adjuvant chemotherapy by enabling exquisitely-targeted and controllable delivery of drugs irrespective of whether these can cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Waldherr
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center – BiophysicsMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Maria Seitanidou
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Marie Jakešová
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Verena Handl
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Sophie Honeder
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Marta Nowakowska
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsTechnische Universität WienVienna1060Austria
| | - Meysam Karami Rad
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Tony Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center – BiophysicsMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Joachim Distl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center – BiophysicsMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Ruth Birner‐Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsTechnische Universität WienVienna1060Austria
| | - Gord von Campe
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical ResearchMedical University of GrazGraz8036Austria
| | - Martin Asslaber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | | | - Silke Patz
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center – BiophysicsMedical University of GrazGraz8010Austria
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Hajiahmadi M, Zarei M, Khataee A. Introducing an effective iron-based catalyst for heterogeneous electro-Fenton removal of Gemcitabine using three-dimensional graphene as cathode. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tchounwou PB, Dasari S, Noubissi FK, Ray P, Kumar S. Advances in Our Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Cisplatin in Cancer Therapy. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:303-328. [PMID: 33776489 PMCID: PMC7987268 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs have been used extensively for the treatment of human cancers such as bladder, blood, breast, cervical, esophageal, head and neck, lung, ovarian, testicular cancers, and sarcoma. Cisplatin is commonly administered intravenously as a first-line chemotherapy for patients suffering from various malignancies. Upon absorption into the cancer cell, cisplatin interacts with cellular macromolecules and exerts its cytotoxic effects through a series of biochemical mechanisms by binding to Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and forming intra-strand DNA adducts leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell growth. Its primary molecular mechanism of action has been associated with the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis resulting from the production of reactive oxygen species through lipid peroxidation, activation of various signal transduction pathways, induction of p53 signaling and cell cycle arrest, upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes/proteins, and down-regulation of proto-oncogenes and anti-apoptotic genes/proteins. Despite great clinical outcomes, many studies have reported substantial side effects associated with cisplatin monotherapy, while others have shown substantial drug resistance in some cancer patients. Hence, new formulations and several combinational therapies with other drugs have been tested for the purpose of improving the clinical utility of cisplatin. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of its molecular mechanisms of action in cancer therapy and discusses the therapeutic approaches to overcome cisplatin resistance and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shaloam Dasari
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Felicite K Noubissi
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Paresh Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Earth, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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Cheng AZ, Moraes SN, Shaban NM, Fanunza E, Bierle CJ, Southern PJ, Bresnahan WA, Rice SA, Harris RS. APOBECs and Herpesviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030390. [PMID: 33671095 PMCID: PMC7998176 DOI: 10.3390/v13030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family of DNA cytosine deaminases provides a broad and overlapping defense against viral infections. Successful viral pathogens, by definition, have evolved strategies to escape restriction by the APOBEC enzymes of their hosts. HIV-1 and related retroviruses are thought to be the predominant natural substrates of APOBEC enzymes due to obligate single-stranded (ss)DNA replication intermediates, abundant evidence for cDNA strand C-to-U editing (genomic strand G-to-A hypermutation), and a potent APOBEC degradation mechanism. In contrast, much lower mutation rates are observed in double-stranded DNA herpesviruses and the evidence for APOBEC mutation has been less compelling. However, recent work has revealed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) are potential substrates for cellular APOBEC enzymes. To prevent APOBEC-mediated restriction these viruses have repurposed their ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) large subunits to directly bind, inhibit, and relocalize at least two distinct APOBEC enzymes—APOBEC3B and APOBEC3A. The importance of this interaction is evidenced by genetic inactivation of the EBV RNR (BORF2), which results in lower viral infectivity and higher levels of C/G-to-T/A hypermutation. This RNR-mediated mechanism therefore likely functions to protect lytic phase viral DNA replication intermediates from APOBEC-catalyzed DNA C-to-U deamination. The RNR-APOBEC interaction defines a new pathogen-host conflict that the virus must win in real-time for transmission and pathogenesis. However, partial losses over evolutionary time may also benefit the virus by providing mutational fuel for adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Z. Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.N.M.); (N.M.S.); (E.F.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (A.Z.C.); (R.S.H.)
| | - Sofia N. Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.N.M.); (N.M.S.); (E.F.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nadine M. Shaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.N.M.); (N.M.S.); (E.F.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.N.M.); (N.M.S.); (E.F.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Craig J. Bierle
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peter J. Southern
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wade A. Bresnahan
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen A. Rice
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.N.M.); (N.M.S.); (E.F.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.B.); (P.J.S.); (W.A.B.); (S.A.R.)
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: (A.Z.C.); (R.S.H.)
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de Almeida SMV, Santos Soares JC, Dos Santos KL, Alves JEF, Ribeiro AG, Jacob ÍTT, da Silva Ferreira CJ, Dos Santos JC, de Oliveira JF, de Carvalho Junior LB, de Lima MDCA. COVID-19 therapy: What weapons do we bring into battle? Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115757. [PMID: 32992245 PMCID: PMC7481143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Urgent treatments, in any modality, to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections are desired by society in general, by health professionals, by Estate-leaders and, mainly, by the scientific community, because one thing is certain amidst the numerous uncertainties regarding COVID-19: knowledge is the means to discover or to produce an effective treatment against this global disease. Scientists from several areas in the world are still committed to this mission, as shown by the accelerated scientific production in the first half of 2020 with over 25,000 published articles related to the new coronavirus. Three great lines of publications related to COVID-19 were identified for building this article: The first refers to knowledge production concerning the virus and pathophysiology of COVID-19; the second regards efforts to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 at a speed without precedent in the history of science; the third comprehends the attempts to find a marketed drug that can be used to treat COVID-19 by drug repurposing. In this review, the drugs that have been repurposed so far are grouped according to their chemical class. Their structures will be presented to provide better understanding of their structural similarities and possible correlations with mechanisms of actions. This can help identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - José Cleberson Santos Soares
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Keriolaine Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Amélia Galdino Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Íris Trindade Tenório Jacob
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jamerson Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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A Severe Case of Drug-Induced Liver Injury after Gemcitabine Administration: A Highly Probable Causality Grading as Assessed by the Updated RUCAM Diagnostic Scoring System. Case Reports Hepatol 2020; 2020:8812983. [PMID: 33083070 PMCID: PMC7556098 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8812983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is an antineoplastic drug used in several forms of advanced pancreatic, lung, breast, ovarian, and bladder cancer. Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, rash, alopecia, and stomatitis. Transient serum enzyme elevations could be observed during therapy, but clinically significant acute liver injury has been rarely associated with its use. Few cases of acute liver injury have been reported in the literature. We reported the clinical case of a 73--year-old man who developed clinically significant acute hepatic injury after using gemcitabine. Possible causes, clinical presentation, and treatments are discussed. According to the updated RUCAM score, the case was rated 10 points and became a suspected drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, on the liver biopsy, there were histological findings of mild-to-moderate portal hepatitis, eosinophilia, bile duct injury, and mild perisinusoidal fibrosis, suggesting drug damage.
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Circadian Dysregulation of the TGFβ/SMAD4 Pathway Modulates Metastatic Properties and Cell Fate Decisions in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101551. [PMID: 33083720 PMCID: PMC7522758 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of circadian rhythms impacts carcinogenesis. SMAD4, a clock-controlled gene and central component of the TGFβ canonical pathway, is frequently mutated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), leading to decreased survival. Here, we used an in vitro PDA model of SMAD4-positive and SMAD4-negative cells to investigate the interplay between circadian rhythms, the TGFβ canonical signaling pathway, and its impact on tumor malignancy. Our data show that TGFβ1, SMAD3, SMAD4, and SMAD7 oscillate in a circadian fashion in SMAD4-positive PDA cells, whereas altering the clock impairs the mRNA dynamics of these genes. Furthermore, the expression of the clock genes DEC1, DEC2, and CRY1 varied depending on SMAD4 status. TGFβ pathway activation resulted in an altered clock, cell-cycle arrest, accelerated apoptosis rate, enhanced invasiveness, and chemosensitivity. Our data suggest that the impact of TGFβ on the clock is SMAD4-dependent, and S MAD3, SMAD4, DEC1, and CRY1 involved in this cross-talk affect PDA patient survival.
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Sahli F, Courcelle M, Palama T, Djaker N, Savarin P, Spadavecchia J. Temozolomide, Gemcitabine, and Decitabine Hybrid Nanoconjugates: From Design to Proof-of-Concept (PoC) of Synergies toward the Understanding of Drug Impact on Human Glioblastoma Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7410-7421. [PMID: 32524814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper emphasizes the synthesis of novel hybrid drug nanoparticles (Hyb-D-AuNPs) based on gold-temozolomide (TMZ) complexes combined with gemcitabine (GEM) and decitabine (DAC) to improve the efficiency and reduce the resistance of U87 malignant glial cells against TMZ. All products were evaluated by several spectroscopic techniques (Raman, UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, for therapeutic purposes, the effect of these nanoparticles on cell proliferation and toxicity was evaluated, which clearly showed a synergic action of TMZ and GEM. Through the analysis of the exometabolome by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the metabolic changes in the culture medium were measured in glial cells. Moreover, these nanoparticles are especially appropriated to the thermal destruction of cancer in the case of photothermal therapy due to their photothermal heating properties. This study presents an original chemical approach that it could play a central role in the field of nanomedicine, with novel perspectives for the development of new drugs and active targeting in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaous Sahli
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Manon Courcelle
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Tony Palama
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Nadia Djaker
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
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43
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Du B, Wen X, Wang Y, Lin M, Lai J. Gemcitabine and checkpoint blockade exhibit synergistic anti-tumor effects in a model of murine lung carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106694. [PMID: 32570034 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is leading cause of cancer death in the world. Chemotherapy is currently one of the standard treatments for lung cancer. Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside drug which has been approved by FDA to treat lung cancer. However, acquired resistance inevitable develops after Gemcitabine treatment, limiting clinical efficacy. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were treated with Gemcitabine and cell apoptosis and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. LLC mouse model was established to analysis the proportion and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression of CD8 + T cells. Anti-tumor effect by treating with Gemcitabine and anti-PD-1 antibody was measured through in vivo LLC mouse model. Gemcitabine treatment induces tumor cell apoptosis and PD-L1 expression. Further study showed that Gemcitabine treatment also increases CD8+ and CD4+ T cells proportion, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in LLC mouse model. Combination therapy with Gemcitabine and αPD-1 not only has strong anti-tumor effect, but also could inhibit postsurgical recurrence of LLC. Our findings demonstrated that the combination therapy of Gemcitabine and αPD-1 is an effective therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B7-H1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/biosynthesis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Up-Regulation
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojiao Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Mengxin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhuo Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
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44
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Ismail MK, Armstrong KA, Hodder SL, Horswell SL, Male L, Nguyen HV, Wilkinson EA, Hodges NJ, Tucker JHR. Organometallic nucleoside analogues: effect of the metallocene metal atom on cancer cell line toxicity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1181-1190. [PMID: 31897458 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral organometallic nucleoside analogue containing ruthenocene is reported, in which alkylthymine and alkylhydroxyl groups are attached in adjacent positions on one cyclopentadienyl ring. The synthetic procedures for this metallocene derivative and two control compounds are described, along with their characterisation by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray crystallography. Their biological activities in a human pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA-Pa-Ca-2) were significantly lower than those of three previously reported analogous ferrocene compounds, indicating that the choice of metallocene metal atom (Fe or Ru) plays a pivotal role in determining the anticancer properties of these nucleoside analogues, which in turn suggests a different mode of action from that of a conventional nucleoside analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Media K Ismail
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Katie A Armstrong
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Samantha L Hodder
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sarah L Horswell
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Huy V Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Edward A Wilkinson
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - James H R Tucker
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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45
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Panigrahi BK, Nayak AK. Carbon Nanotubes: An Emerging Drug Delivery Carrier in Cancer Therapeutics. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:558-576. [PMID: 32384030 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817999200508092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scope of nanotechnology has been extended to almost every sphere of our daily life. As a result of this, nanocarriers like Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are gaining considerable attention for their use in various therapeutic and diagnostic applications. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current article is to review various important features of CNTs that make them as efficient carriers for anticancer drug delivery in cancer therapeutics. METHODS In this review article, different works of literature are reported on various prospective applications of CNTs in the targeting of multiple kinds of cancerous cells of different organs via; the loading of various anticancer agents. RESULTS Actually, CNTs are the 3rd allotropic type of the carbon-fullerenes that are a part of the cylindrical tubular architecture. CNTs possess some excellent physicochemical characteristics and unique structural features that provide an effective platform to deliver anticancer drugs to target specific sites for achieving a high level of therapeutic effectiveness even in cancer therapeutics. For better results, CNTs are functionalized and modified with different classes of therapeutically bioactive molecules via; the formation of stable covalent bonding or by the use of supramolecular assemblies based on the noncovalent interaction(s). In recent years, the applications of CNTs for the delivery of various kinds of anticancer drugs and targeting of tumor sites have been reported by various research groups. CONCLUSION CNTs represent an emerging nanocarrier material for the delivery and targeting of numerous anticancer drugs in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biman Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj-757086, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj-757086, Odisha, India
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46
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He R, Pan J, Mayer JP, Liu F. The Chemical Methods of Disulfide Bond Formation and Their Applications to Drug Conjugates. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191202111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
The disulfide bond possesses unique chemical and biophysical properties which
distinguish it as one of the key structural elements of bioactive proteins and peptides, important
drugs and other materials. The chemo-selective synthesis of these structures and
the exploration of their function have been of longstanding interest to the chemistry community.
The past decades have witnessed significant progress in both areas. This review
will summarize the historically established and recently developed chemical methods in
disulfide bond formation. The discussion will also be extended to the use of the disulfide
linkers in small molecules, and peptide- and protein-drug conjugates. It is hoped that the
combined overview of the fundamental chemistries and applications to drug discovery
will inspire creative thinking and stimulate future novel uses of these versatile chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun He
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, 5225 Exploration Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46241, United States
| | - Jia Pan
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, 20 Life Science Road, Beijing, China
| | - John P. Mayer
- Department of Molecular, Developmental & Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, 530 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
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47
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Dubois F, Keller M, Hoflack J, Maille E, Antoine M, Westeel V, Bergot E, Quoix E, Lavolé A, Bigay-Game L, Pujol JL, Langlais A, Morin F, Zalcman G, Levallet G. Role of the YAP-1 Transcriptional Target cIAP2 in the Differential Susceptibility to Chemotherapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients with Tumor RASSF1A Gene Methylation from the Phase 3 IFCT-0002 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121835. [PMID: 31766357 PMCID: PMC6966477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RASSF1 gene methylation predicts longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer treated using paclitaxel-based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy compared to patients receiving a gemcitabine-based regimen, according to the randomized Phase 3 IFCT (Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique)-0002 trial. To better understand these results, this study used four human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) models (HBEC-3, HBEC-3-RasV12, A549, and H1299) and modulated the expression of RASSF1A or YAP-1. Wound-healing, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis assays were then carried out and the expression of YAP-1 transcriptional targets was quantified using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study reports herein that gemcitabine synergizes with RASSF1A, silencing to increase the IAP-2 expression, which in turn not only interferes with cell proliferation but also promotes cell migration. This contributes to the aggressive behavior of RASSF1A-depleted cells, as confirmed by a combined knockdown of IAP-2 and RASSF1A. Conversely, paclitaxel does not increase the IAP-2 expression but limits the invasiveness of RASSF1A-depleted cells, presumably by rescuing microtubule stabilization. Overall, these data provide a functional insight that supports the prognostic value of RASSF1 gene methylation on survival of early-stage lung cancer patients receiving perioperative paclitaxel-based treatment compared to gemcitabine-based treatment, identifying IAP-2 as a novel biomarker indicative of YAP-1-mediated modulation of chemo-sensitivity in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Maureen Keller
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA2608, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Julien Hoflack
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA2608, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR 1086 ANTICIPE, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Martine Antoine
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Virginie Westeel
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Besançon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Quoix
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Armelle Lavolé
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n 04, Theranoscan, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Laurence Bigay-Game
- Pneumology Department, Toulouse-Purpan, University Hospital Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Pujol
- Département d’Oncologie Thoracique, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, 34595 Montpellier, France;
| | - Alexandra Langlais
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (IFCT), 75009 Paris, France; (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Franck Morin
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (IFCT), 75009 Paris, France; (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- U830 INSERM “Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group”, Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & CIC1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)140-257-502 (G.Z.); +33-(0)231-063-134 (G.L.)
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)140-257-502 (G.Z.); +33-(0)231-063-134 (G.L.)
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48
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Robinson AD, Eich ML, Varambally S. Dysregulation of de novo nucleotide biosynthetic pathway enzymes in cancer and targeting opportunities. Cancer Lett 2019; 470:134-140. [PMID: 31733288 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth and a major cause of death worldwide. Many molecular events characterize tumor initiation and progression. Global gene expression analyses using next-generation sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics show genomic, epigenetic, and metabolite concentration changes in various tumors. Molecular alterations identified include multiple cancer-driving mutations, gene fusions, amplifications, deletions, and post-translational modifications. Data integration from many high-throughput platforms unraveled dysregulation in many metabolic pathways in cancer. Since cancer cells are fast-growing, their metabolic needs are enhanced, hence the requirement for de novo synthesis of essential metabolites. One critical requirement of fast-growing cells and a historically important pathway in cancer is the nucleotide biosynthetic pathway and its enzymes are valuable targets for small molecule inhibition. Purines and pyrimidines are building blocks of DNA synthesis and due to their excessive growth, cancer cells extensively utilize de novo pathways for nucleotide biosynthesis. Methotrexate, one of the early chemotherapeutic agents, targets dihydrofolate reductase of the folate metabolic pathway that is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis. In this review, we discuss the nucleotide biosynthetic pathways in cancer and targeting opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyncia D Robinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marie-Lisa Eich
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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49
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Piotrowska DG, Głowacka IE, Schols D, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Gotkowska J. Novel Isoxazolidine and γ-Lactam Analogues of Homonucleosides. Molecules 2019; 24:E4014. [PMID: 31698778 PMCID: PMC6891762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Homonucleoside analogues cis-16 and trans-17 having a (5-methoxycarbonyl)isoxazolidine framework were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nucleobase-derived nitrones with methyl acrylate. Hydrogenolysis of the isoxazolidines containing thymine, dihydrouracil, theophylline and adenine moieties efficiently led to the formation of the respective γ-lactam analogues. γ-Lactam analogues having 5-bromouracil and 5-chlorouracil fragments were synthesized by treatment of uracil-containing γ-lactams with NBS and NCS. Isoxazolidine and γ-lactam analogues of homonucleosides obtained herein were evaluated for activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds that were tested exhibited antiviral or cytotoxic activity at concentrations up to 100 µM. The cytostatic activities of all compounds toward nine cancerous cell lines was tested. γ-Lactams trans-15e (Cl-Ura) and cis-15h (Theo) appeared the most active toward pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (Capan-1), showing IC50 values 21.5 and 18.2 µM, respectively. Isoxazolidine cis-15e (Cl-Ura) inhibited the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota G. Piotrowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.E.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Iwona E. Głowacka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.E.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Gotkowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.E.G.); (J.G.)
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50
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Samanta K, Setua S, Kumari S, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Gemcitabine Combination Nano Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E574. [PMID: 31689930 PMCID: PMC6920852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest causes of cancer-related death in the United States, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 6 to 8%. These statistics suggest that immediate medical attention is needed. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the gold standard first-line single chemotherapy agent for pancreatic cancer but, after a few months, cells develop chemoresistance. Multiple clinical and experimental investigations have demonstrated that a combination or co-administration of other drugs as chemotherapies with GEM lead to superior therapeutic benefits. However, such combination therapies often induce severe systemic toxicities. Thus, developing strategies to deliver a combination of chemotherapeutic agents more securely to patients is needed. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery can offer to load a cocktail of drugs, increase stability and availability, on-demand and tumor-specific delivery while minimizing chemotherapy-associated adverse effects. This review discusses the available drugs being co-administered with GEM and the limitations associated during the process of co-administration. This review also helps in providing knowledge of the significant number of delivery platforms being used to overcome problems related to gemcitabine-based co-delivery of other chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby focusing on how nanocarriers have been fabricated, considering the modes of action, targeting receptors, pharmacology of chemo drugs incorporated with GEM, and the differences in the physiological environment where the targeting is to be done. This review also documents the focus on novel mucin-targeted nanotechnology which is under development for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Sonam Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA.
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA.
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA.
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