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Haugen TA, Ruud C, Bucher Sandbakk S, Sandbakk Ø, Tønnessen E. The Training and Development Process for a Multiple-Grand-Slam Finalist in Tennis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39187248 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the training and development process of a multiple-Grand-Slam finalist. METHODS A mixed-methods case-study design was used to capture the quantitative and qualitative aspects related to the training and successful development process. We used a 3-step data-collection process and pragmatic analyses of (1) training history based on logs, plans, and questionnaires; (2) in-depth semistructured interviews with the player's head coach/father, physical coach, and team administrator/mother; and (3) systematic quality assurance through negotiation among researchers and all key informants, including the player. RESULTS The player's exceptional performance level was achieved by a progressive, nonlinear increase in annual training load during childhood and early youth, stabilizing at 800 sessions and 1250 to 1300 hours per year at the age of 19. The annual tennis-specific training plateaued at ∼750 hours from the age of 15, and 60 to 80 matches were played in most of the analyzed years. Point-play accounted for approximately 50% of the total amount of specific tennis training, clearly ahead of ground strokes (∼30%), serve/return (∼15%), and smash/volley (∼5%). Physical-conditioning hours increased 5-fold from 12 to 19 years, before stabilizing at ∼500 hours at senior age. Key success factors included the athlete's multidimensional sports talent, discipline, and inner drive; a highly dedicated father and tennis-enthusiastic family; and strong support from a complementary and interdisciplinary performance team. CONCLUSION This study provides novel information regarding the training and development process for a world-leading tennis player, providing a point of departure for the development of future talents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Haugen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Ruud
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvana Bucher Sandbakk
- Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Center for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Espen Tønnessen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Zhao D, Liu H, Yang W, Ho IMK, Poon ETC, Su Y, Guo Y, Huang Y, Li Q. Effects of low-volume court-based sprint interval training on anaerobic capacity and sport-specific performance in competitive tennis players. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19131. [PMID: 39160251 PMCID: PMC11333483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) is a potent exercise strategy to enhance athletes' anaerobic capacity in a time-efficient manner. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low-volume, court-based SIT on the anaerobic capacity and sport-specific performance in competitive tennis players. Twenty-four competitive collegiate tennis players were randomly assigned to either the SIT group (n = 12; three sessions per week of court-based repeated-sprint training) or the traditional endurance training (ET) group (n = 12; three sessions per week of 45-min continuous treadmill running, n = 12) for a 6-weeks intervention. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included the Wingate Anaerobic Test, elimination rate of blood lactate (BLAer), tennis-specific repeated sprint ability (RSA), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YoYo-IR2). The results showed that SIT group demonstrated significant improvements in peak and average power during the Wingate test (p = 0.07; p < 0.001), along with a notable increase in YoYo-IR2 performance (7.8% increase, p = 0.04). Significant decreases were observed in both mean (5.1% decrease, p = 0.02) and sum RSA time (5.2% decrease, p = 0.02) in the tennis-specific RSA assessments. Additionally, the SIT group showed significantly higher effective training time and TRIMP in the 90-100% HRmax zone compared to the ET group (p < 0.01). This study underscores the potential benefits of low-volume, court-based SIT in enhancing anaerobic capacity and sport-specific performance in competitive tennis players, in comparison to traditional ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haochong Liu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpu Yang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Indy Man Kit Ho
- Department of Sport and Recreation, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Chai Wan, China
| | - Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuying Su
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Shichahai Sports School, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Liu S, Wu C, Xiao S, Liu Y, Song Y. Optimizing young tennis players' development: Exploring the impact of emerging technologies on training effectiveness and technical skills acquisition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307882. [PMID: 39110745 PMCID: PMC11305591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The research analyzed the effect of weekly training plans, physical training frequency, AI-powered coaching systems, virtual reality (VR) training environments, wearable sensors on developing technical tennis skills, with and personalized learning as a mediator. It adopted a quantitative survey method, using primary data from 374 young tennis players. The model fitness was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model fitness was confirmed through CFA, demonstrating high fit indices: CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.913, IFI = 0.924, RMSEA = 0.057, and SRMR = 0.041, indicating a robust model fit. Hypotheses testing revealed that physical training frequency (β = 0.198, p = 0.000), AI-powered coaching systems (β = 0.349, p = 0.000), virtual reality training environments (β = 0.476, p = 0.000), and wearable sensors (β = 0.171, p = 0.000) significantly influenced technical skills acquisition. In contrast, the weekly training plan (β = 0.024, p = 0.834) and personalized learning (β = -0.045, p = 0.81) did not have a significant effect. Mediation analysis revealed that personalized learning was not a significant mediator between training methods/technologies and acquiring technical abilities. The results revealed that physical training frequency, AI-powered coaching systems, virtual reality training environments, and wearable sensors significantly influenced technical skills acquisition. However, personalized learning did not have a significant mediation effect. The study recommended that young tennis players' organizations and stakeholders consider investing in emerging technologies and training methods. Effective training should be given to coaches on effectively integrating emerging technologies into coaching regimens and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shurong Xiao
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yingdong Song
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Vigh-Larsen JF, Junge N, Cialdella-Kam L, Tomás R, Young L, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. Testing in Intermittent Sports-Importance for Training and Performance Optimization in Adult Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1505-1537. [PMID: 39004796 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Performance in intermittent sports relies on the interplay between multiple physiological systems determining the capacity to perform short explosive efforts as well as repeated intense actions with limited recovery over the course of an entire game. Testing should reflect these demands to allow for sport- and position-specific capacity analyses that eventually may translate into optimized training and improved performance. This may include individual load management and optimized training prescription, intensity targeting for specific positions or individual athletes, as well as benchmarking for monitoring of training progression and enhanced engagement of athletes. This review provides an overview of available tests in different exercise domains identified as relevant (from assessment of single explosive actions to intermittent endurance capacity), forming the basis for recommendations on how to compose a comprehensive yet feasible test battery that may be integrated into the seasonal competition and training plan. The test procedures should cover the performance spectrum of relevance for the individual athlete-also in team sports to account for positional differences. We emphasize the benefits of sport-specific tests, highlight parameters of importance for test standardization, and discuss how the applied test battery may be supplemented with secondary tests directed toward specific energy systems to allow for more in-depth analyses when required (e.g., in terms of an underperforming athlete). The synergy between testing and tracking of match performance (utilizing time-motion or global positioning systems) is highlighted, and although tracking cannot substitute for testing, combining the tools may provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological demands and performance during competition contextualized to the athletes' maximal exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicklas Junge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Lynn Cialdella-Kam
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Rita Tomás
- Portugal Football School, Federação Portuguesa de Futebol Avenida das Seleções, Oeiras, PORTUGAL
| | - Laura Young
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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Morais JE, Kilit B, Arslan E, Soylu Y, Neiva HP. Effects of a 6-week on-court training program on the International Tennis Number (ITN) and a range of physical fitness characteristics in young tennis players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1304073. [PMID: 38873230 PMCID: PMC11169729 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1304073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to (i) verify the effects of an on-court training program on the International Tennis Number (ITN) of young tennis players, as well as on a set of change of direction, linear sprint, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) variables, and (ii) identify the main predictors of ITN. The sample consisted of 20 young male tennis players (mean age, 13.62 ± 0.23 years). Players underwent a 6-week on-court training program. The ITN and a number of change of direction variables (T-drill and repeated sprint ability), linear sprint (5 m, 10 m, and 20 m distances), and VO2max were measured. All variables improved significantly between the pre- and posttest (p < 0.001). The ITN (7.98 ± 6.06%, d = 0.82) and VO2max (6.77 ± 1.21%, d = 1.53) showed the greatest relative improvement with moderate to large effect sizes. The hierarchical linear model retained the time (estimate = 18.90, p < 0.001) and the T-drill (estimate = -64.77, p < 0.001) as significant predictors of the ITN. This indicates that the ITN improved significantly over the 6-week training program and that the T-drill test was the best and most significant predictor. Coaches and researchers are encouraged to monitor the ITN along with other physical fitness and technical variables. They can also use the T-drill test to understand the ITN of their players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Morais
- Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Bulent Kilit
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ersan Arslan
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Soylu
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
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Qin J, Zhang T, Chen Y, Wei X, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Guo J, Han L, Ma Y. The effect of body mass index on stroke prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 cohort studies with 330,353 patients. Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241255031. [PMID: 38699977 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241255031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have explored the impact of body mass index (BMI) on stroke prognosis, yet findings remain inconsistent. AIMS The aims of this study were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarize the existing evidence on BMI and stroke outcomes. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database were systematically searched from inception to 1 January 2023. Cohort studies were included if they reported on a population of patients with stroke, evaluated BMI on stroke outcomes (mortality/recurrence/score of modified Rankin scale (mRs)), and reported original data. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently undertaken by two reviewers. Stata 16.0 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two studies involving 330,353 patients (5 Chinese language articles) were included in the analysis. The proportion of underweight, overweight, and obese patients was 1.85%, 18.2%, and 15.6%, respectively. Compared with normal weight, being underweight was associated with an increased risk of mortality (relative risk (RR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-1.96), poor functional outcomes defined as modified Rankin scale ⩾ 3 (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.22-1.45), and stroke recurrence (RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.37). Being overweight but not obese was associated with reduced mortality (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.89) and better functional outcomes (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89-0.96), but did not alter the risk of stroke recurrence (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.90-1.17). Obesity was associated with lower risk of mortality (RR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.72-0.81) and better functional outcomes (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that in patients with stroke, being underweight is associated with an increased risk of mortality, poor functional outcomes, and stroke recurrence. In contrast, being overweight but not obese, or being obese, was associated with a decreased risk of mortality and better functional outcomes. This is consistent with the obesity paradox in stroke, whereby obesity increases stroke risk in the general population but is associated with improved outcome in patients suffering stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Qin
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiali Guo
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Han
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Evidence-Based Nursing, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Brito AV, Afonso J, Silva G, Fernandez-Fernandez J, Fernandes RJ. Biophysical characterization of the tennis serve: A systematic scoping review with evidence gap map. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:125-140. [PMID: 37980182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the available evidence on the biophysics of the tennis serve, mapping the populations, interventions, contexts and other relevant information to highlight what is already known and to identify gaps in the literature. DESIGN Systematic scoping review with evidence gap map. METHODS The protocol was designed according to PRISMA 2020, Prisma-ScR guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The searches were conducted on July 20, 2022 and updated on April 1, 2023, in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (core collection). The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochranes method for nonrandomized studies (RoBANS) and a narrative synthesis of the main findings was performed and supplemented with an evidence gap map. RESULTS Most trials were found on serve kinematics and kinetics (95 %), analyzing only flat serves (84 and 72 %, respectively). Few trials focused on physiology (20 %; e.g. biomarkers), under-19, left or both-handed, female and intermediate beginner or starter players (29, 17, 8 and 7 %, respectively). We found a preponderance of low and unclear risk of bias (63 and 31 %, respectively) and only 7 % high, particularly, on the assessment of confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS The current scoping review reveals a few trials on physiological rather than biomechanical variables, as well as the absence of the kick and slice serve, foot-back and foot-up serve, and left-handed, female, and young player analyses. We did not find systematic mistakes or limitations in the design, conduct, or analysis that would distort the results, since only 7 % presented a high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- André V Brito
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI(2)D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal. https://twitter.com/AndreVilela1996
| | - José Afonso
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI(2)D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Silva
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI(2)D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; AMRED, Human Movement and Sports Performance Analysis, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI(2)D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
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Tian Y, He B, Tsymbal A. Comprehensive secondary prevention of lateral epicondylitis in young tennis players. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:160-173. [PMID: 35726857 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2090252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The research aims to increase the efficiency of the training process for young tennis players old based on lateral epicondylitis secondary prevention methods. Tennis players with apparent residual effects of lateral epicondylitis were selected for the study and divided into experimental (18 boys and 14 girls) and control groups (18 boys and 13 girls). The experimental group was trained according to the developed technique, and the control group as per standard one. The results of goniometry in the experimental group showed the normalization of the motion amplitude in extension and supination. The motor density of the training session applying the complex technique for the secondary prevention of lateral epicondylitis in the experimental group increased on average from 66.6% to 82.2% in boys and from 65.7% to 80.0% in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Sports Department, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Physical Education, China Pharmaceutical University, NanJing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alexandr Tsymbal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Ribeiro E, Neave N, Marsili BK, Figueiredo ECG, Martino-Andrade AJ, de Moraes RN. Prenatal androgenization (2D:4D) predictions of tennis match-play success in junior players: A search for physiological explanations. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23979. [PMID: 37602536 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the possible association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and match-play success (MPS) in junior tennis players. In addition, we consider the possible explanatory pathways of these associations in relation to psychological, strength, power, and hormonal parameters. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study, with a sample comprised of 64 male junior tennis players (11-18 years old). Digit ratio was calculated from direct finger measurements. In addition, we measured the ratio of wins by number of matches played in 5 years of official competition (MPS), handgrip strength (HGS), standing long jump (SLJ), training (in weekly hours), and expertise (number of years in official competition). Salivary testosterone and cortisol levels were measured before and after physical "challenge" tests. RESULTS The 2D:4D correlated negatively with HGS and SLJ. MPS was also negatively associated with 2D:4D, but was positively correlated to HGS, expertise, training, and self-confidence (SC). Multiple linear regression showed 2D:4D and expertise were associated with MPS (43%-54%). None of the physical, or hormonal variables tested explained the links between 2D:4D and MPS. CONCLUSION Therefore, the specific fitness components influenced by prenatal androgenization that moderate sports success remain unknown. Future studies should explore the interaction of 2D:4D, with tennis exercises as a challenge to induce hormonal change, the effect of pubertal stage, and the influence of aerobic endurance in determining MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldo Ribeiro
- Litoral Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Matinhos, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nick Neave
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Chapelle L, Bishop C, D'Hondt J, Rommers N, D'Hondt E, Clarys P. Development of upper and lower extremity functional asymmetries in male and female elite youth tennis players: a longitudinal study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1269-1284. [PMID: 37902794 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study aimed to examine the development of both upper and lower extremity functional performances, together with asymmetry magnitudes and directionality in youth tennis players. METHODS Dominant and non-dominant physical performance values of 90 players (53 males, 37 females) were determined yearly (with monitoring up to 3 years) using unilateral strength, power, speed and agility tests from which asymmetry magnitude percentages were calculated. Linear mixed effect models examined the development of performance values according to youth players' maturity offset, performance dominance, sex and training volume. Similarly, the development of functional asymmetry magnitudes was examined according to players' maturity offset, sex and training volume. Kappa coefficients (k) examined the consistency in directionality across test occasions. RESULTS Regardless of sex, the dominant and non-dominant physical performance values of every test significantly (P<0.05) improved with increasing maturity offset. No sex differences were apparent except for strength and power related tests where male players performed significantly better. Functional asymmetry magnitudes (ranging from 2.0 to 15.9%) did not significantly change with increasing maturity offset (range=-0.3-0.4% per year). Training volume was not significantly associated with the performance values and asymmetry magnitudes. The dominant upper extremity (which holds the tennis racket) consistently displayed the dominant performance value (k value: 1.00) across test occasions, which was not the case at lower extremity level (k value range: -0.28-0.31). CONCLUSIONS The functional asymmetry magnitudes did not change significantly with youth tennis players' maturity offset over a 3-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chapelle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium -
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Joachim D'Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikki Rommers
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva D'Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Bozděch M, Zháněl J. Analyzing game statistics and career trajectories of female elite junior tennis players: A machine learning approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295075. [PMID: 38033090 PMCID: PMC10688900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tennis is a popular and complex sport influenced by various factors. Early training increases the risk of career dropout before peak performance. This study analyzed game statistics of World Junior Tennis Final participants (2012-2016), their career paths and it examined how game statistics impact rankings of top 300 female players, aiming to develop an accurate model using percentage-based variables. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including neural networks, were employed. Four machine learning models with categorical predictors and one response were created. Seven models with up to 18 variables and one ordinal (WTA rank) were also developed. Tournament rankings could be predicted using categorical data, but not subsequent professional rankings. Although effects on rankings among top 300 female players were identified, a reliable predictive model using only percentage-based data was not achieved. AI models provided insights into rankings and performance indicators, revealing a lower dropout rate than reported. Participation in elite junior tournaments is crucial for career development and designing training plans in tennis. Further research should explore game statistics, dropout rates, additional variables, and fine-tuning of AI models to improve predictions and understanding of the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bozděch
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zháněl
- Department of Sport Performance and Exercise Testing, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Barbaros P, Dudašek B, Milanović D, Šanjug S, Galić M. Measuring and assessing motor skills of selected Croatian U12, U14 and U16 tennis players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241847. [PMID: 38098802 PMCID: PMC10720316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyse and to determine the differences between tennis players in younger age categories (U12, U and U16) in certain motor skills. Methods: A total of 60 tennis players ranked in the rankings of the Croatian Tennis Federation were measured by using 10 tests for assessing explosive strength in jump, speed, agility, and trunk strength. The tennis players were divided into three groups of 20 respondents, depending on the age category in which they compete. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between all age categories were found in indicators of frontal and lateral agility, running speed in the 20-m shuttle run test, and explosive strength in jump and repetitive trunk strength. Results: The results of the conducted tests indicate a linear development trend for the mentioned skills in relation with the increase of chronological age of the tennis players. Statistically significantly better results were shown between test subjects under 14 years compared to test subjects under 12 years in tests for the assessment of agility (SST,A9-3-6-3-9), in the 20 m sprint test, in tests of explosive strength of lower extremities (CMJ, CMJmax,SJ) and in the test of repetitive trunk strength (TF). Subjects under 16 years achieved significantly better results compared to subjects under 14 years in tests for assessing agility (SST, A9-3-6-3-9), speed (SRT5m, SRT10m, SRT20m) and explosiveness (CMJ, CMJmax, SJ). Players under 16 years recorded significantly better results in all tests for assessing agility (SST,A9-3-6-3-9), speed (SRT5m, SRT10m, SRT20m), explosiveness of the lower extremities (CMJ, CMJmax, SJ) and in the test for assessing repetitive trunk strength (TF). Statistically significant differences were not detected in tests of running speed in the 5-m and 10-m shuttle run tests among U12 and U14 tennis players, nor between U14 and U16 tennis players in the 60-s trunk flexion test. The highest heterogeneity of results in a single age category was determined in the test for assessing isometric trunk strength, and thus tennis players of different age categories do not differ significantly in this skill. Conclusion: The results of this research point to the development of specific motor skills in accordance with the increase of game demands and chronological age, however, also refer to the problem of muscle imbalance between front and back trunk musculature. Physical conditioning of young tennis players should be multilaterally directed in order to enable injury prevention and adjustment of tennis players to competitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Barbaros
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bernard Dudašek
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sara Šanjug
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Galić
- Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Guijarro-Herencia J, Mainer-Pardos E, Gadea-Uribarri H, Roso-Moliner A, Lozano D. Conditional performance factors in padel players: a mini review. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1284063. [PMID: 38022770 PMCID: PMC10666184 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1284063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Padel's global growth highlights its technical complexity. The first publications focus on the physical aspects of padel, using methods that evaluate players' endurance, strength, speed, and range of motion, while the quantification of load, using internal and external indicators, is crucial for performance optimization, whilst taking into account athletes' profiles and levels. Therefore, the objective entailed analyzing the scientific literature about the conditional demands in competition within padel players from different levels. Methods Data was collected from various databases and after the selection process, the information was analyzed in mini review. Results The mini review shows that the conditional demands are categorized into internal and external load to try to obtain reference values that may define the demands of padel based on the competitive level and sex. Regarding the internal load, the heart rate (HR)% of the padel players from different levels is around 70%-80% of the HR Max. Regarding the external load, in femalés categories, a greater number of strokes are made per point which entails a longer duration in the points. Conclusions Padel research usually analyses physical demands using internal and external loading. HR% values (70%-80% HR Max) are consistent across studies. There is variation between variables such as strokes per point, and contextual factors affect the metrics. Further exploration is vital to obtain comprehensive benchmarks and understand the demands of this sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H. Gadea-Uribarri
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A. Roso-Moliner
- Health Sciences Faculty, University San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D. Lozano
- Health Sciences Faculty, University San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
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Poignard M, Guilhem G, Jubeau M, Martin E, Giol T, Montalvan B, Bieuzen F. Cold-water immersion and whole-body cryotherapy attenuate muscle soreness during 3 days of match-like tennis protocol. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1895-1909. [PMID: 37088821 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), cold-water immersion (CWI) and passive recovery (PAS) on tennis recovery. METHODS Thirteen competitive male tennis players completed three consecutive match-like tennis protocols, followed by recovery (WBC, CWI, PAS) in a crossover design. Five tennis drills and serves were performed using a ball machine to standardize the fatiguing protocol. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) peak torque, creatine kinase activity (CK), muscle soreness, ball accuracy and velocity together with voluntary activation, low- and high-frequency torque and EMG activity were recorded before each protocol and 24 h following the third protocol. RESULTS MVC peak torque (- 7.7 ± 11.3%; p = 0.001) and the high- to low-frequency torque ratio (- 10.0 ± 25.8%; p < 0.05) decreased on Day 1 but returned to baseline on Day 2, Day 3 and Day 4 (p = 0.052, all p > 0.06). The CK activity slightly increased from 161.0 ± 100.2 to 226.0 ± 106.7 UA L-1 on Day 1 (p = 0.001) and stayed at this level (p = 0.016) across days with no differences between recovery interventions. Muscle soreness increased across days with PAS recovery (p = 0.005), while no main effect of time was neither observed with WBC nor CWI (all p > 0.292). The technical performance was maintained across protocols with WBC and PAS, while it increased for CWI on Day 3 vs Day 1 (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Our 1.5-h tennis protocol led to mild muscle damage, though neither the neuromuscular function nor the tennis performance was altered due to accumulated workload induced by consecutive tennis protocols. The muscle soreness resulting from tennis protocols was similarly alleviated by both CWI and WBC. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRB No. 2017-A02255-48, 12/05/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Poignard
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France.
- French Tennis Federation, Paris, France.
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Nantes University, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, UR 4334, 44000, Nantes, France
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Deng N, Soh KG, Abdullah B, Huang D, Sun H, Xiao W. Effects of physical training programs on female tennis players' performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1234114. [PMID: 37664429 PMCID: PMC10470022 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1234114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tennis is among the world's most popular and well-studied sports. Physical training has commonly been used as an intervention among athletes. However, a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of physical training programs on female tennis players' performance is lacking. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of physical training on performance outcomes in female tennis players. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDicus, Scopus, and CNKI from inception until July 2023 to select relevant articles from the accessible literature. Only controlled trials were included if they examined the effects of physical training on at least one measure of tennis-specific performance in female tennis players. The Cochrane RoB tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. The CERT scale was used to examine the quality of program information. The GRADE approach was adopted to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Nine studies were selected for the systematic review and seven for the meta-analysis, totaling 222 individuals. The study's exercise programs lasted 6-36 weeks, with training sessions ranging from 30 to 80 min, conducted one to five times per week. Muscle power (ES = 0.72; p = 0.003), muscle strength (ES = 0.65; p = 0.002), agility (ES = 0.69; p = 0.002), serve velocity (ES = 0.72; p = 0.013), and serve accuracy (ES = 1.14; p = 0.002) demonstrated significant improvement following physical training, while no notable changes in linear sprint speed (ES = 0.63; p = 0.07) were detected. Conclusion: Although research on physical training in sports is diversified, studies on training interventions among female tennis players are scarce. This review found that existing training programs yield some favorable outcomes for female tennis players. However, further research with high methodological quality is warranted on the tailoring of specific training programs for female tennis players. There should be more consistent measuring and reporting of data to facilitate meaningful data pooling for future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuannuan Deng
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Borhannudin Abdullah
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dandan Huang
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Sun
- School of Physical Education Institute (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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Bilić Z, Sinković F, Barbaros P, Novak D, Zemkova E. Exercise-Induced Fatigue Impairs Change of Direction Performance and Serve Precision among Young Male Tennis Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:111. [PMID: 37368561 DOI: 10.3390/sports11060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of exercise-induced fatigue on change of direction performance and serve precision among young tennis players. A group of 21 players (age 12.90 ± 0.76 years), ranked among the top 50 players on the national tennis federation scale and the top 300 on the "Tennis Europe" scale, participated in the study. They underwent a standardized physiological load protocol using the "300-m running test" which consists of consecutive runs for 15 shares of 20 m (15 × 20). Its intensity was determined using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale where subjects evaluated their level of experienced load on a scale from 0 to 10. Prior to and after the protocol, they performed a pre-planned change of direction T-test and serve precision test. Results showed significant increase of time in the T-test (from 11.75 ± 0.45 s to 12.99 ± 0.4 s, p = 0.00) and decrease in serve precision parameter from (6.00 ± 1.04 to 4.00 ± 1.26, p = 0.00) after the fatigue test protocol. The RPE increased from 5 to 9, after the fatigue protocol, indicating the desired fatigue effect. These findings indicate that exercise-induced fatigue impairs change of direction performance and serve precision among young tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Bilić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Sinković
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Barbaros
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Erika Zemkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81469 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia
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Néri-Fuchs JB, Sedeaud A, Marc A, De Larochelambert Q, Toussaint JF, Brocherie F. Medical withdrawals in elite tennis in reference to playing standards, court surfaces and genders. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00071-3. [PMID: 37149407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationships between medical withdrawals, playing standards, court surfaces and genders in tennis players participating in all elite tours. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Medical withdrawals of men and women tennis players from Association of Tennis Professionals, Women Tennis Association, Challengers and International Tennis Federation Futures tours' matches have been identified considering the court surfaces (fast vs. slow). Proportion comparison and the binomial regression model were used to determine the influence of playing standards, court surfaces and genders on tennis players' likelihoods to withdraw. RESULTS A higher proportion of withdrawals was found for men in Challengers and Futures vs. Association of Tennis Professionals (4.8 %, 5.9 % vs 3.4 %; p < 0.001), but without difference between court surfaces (0.1 %, p > 0.05) whatever the playing standards. Women reported higher proportion of medical withdrawals sustained on slow surfaces (0.4 %, p < 0.001), but without different withdrawal rates between playing standards (3.9 %, p > 0.05). After adjustment, the odds of medical withdrawals were higher for Challengers (1.18, p < 0.001) and Futures (1.34, p < 0.001), with a higher likelihood to withdraw (1.04, p < 0.001) when playing on slow surfaces and with a gender-dependent effect indicating higher odds (1.29, p < 0.001) to withdraw for medical reasons in men in reference to women. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated a gender-dependent effect on medical withdrawals from an elite tennis tournament with higher likelihood for men participating in Challengers/Futures tours and for women playing on slow surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrien Sedeaud
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport (EA 7329), French Institute of Sport, France. https://twitter.com/ASedeaud
| | - Andy Marc
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport (EA 7329), French Institute of Sport, France
| | - Quentin De Larochelambert
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport (EA 7329), French Institute of Sport, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport (EA 7329), French Institute of Sport, France
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, France.
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Lambrich J, Muehlbauer T. Effect of stroke direction on plantar pressure in each foot during the forehand and backhand stroke among healthy adult tennis players of different performance levels. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 36814292 PMCID: PMC9948353 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tennis, previous studies have shown differences in plantar pressure depending on tennis-specific movements (i.e., baseline play, serve & volley play, change of direction), playing surface (e.g., hard, grass, or clay), and serve type (e.g., slice, topspin or flat). However, the influence of stroke direction on plantar pressure in tennis players with diverging skill level is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stroke direction on plantar pressure in each foot during the forehand and backhand stroke among players of different performance levels. METHODS Thirty-nine female and male healthy adult tennis players (mean ± SD age: 23.5 ± 6.4 years) representing athletes from three performance levels (recreational, intermediate, advanced) participated in this study. The players performed longline/cross forehand and backhand groundstrokes (topspin) on a clay court while plantar pressure distribution was measured in each foot using flexible instrumented insoles. RESULTS The three-way ANOVA (performance level × stroke direction × foot dominance) showed (a) no significant differences in plantar pressure data between cross and longline strokes in almost all cases, (b) in part, significantly larger pressure values in advanced compared to intermediate and recreational players, and (c) significantly larger pressure data for the dominant compared to the non-dominant foot in nearly all comparisons. CONCLUSION Regarding an appropriate plantar pressure distribution, our results suggest that during training of especially recreational and intermediate players attention should be paid to the feet rather than to stroke direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lambrich
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Murata M, Naito T. Physiological demands in simulated tennis matches and hitting tests take account of the translational and rotational kinetic energy ratio of the ball. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1113717. [PMID: 36860739 PMCID: PMC9968797 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of fatigue effect on hitting ability in tennis has been controversial in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between player fatigue and groundstroke type in tennis. We hypothesized that subjects with higher blood lactate concentration during play would apply heavier spin to the ball. We divided players into two groups based on their blood lactate concentration during a pre-measured hitting test (HIGH and LOW). Each group performed a simulated match-play protocol consisting of repeated running and hitting tests, which simulated a three-set match. Heart rate, percent of heart rate reserve, oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, and respiratory exchange were measured. The distance between the ball's landing point and the target, and the ball's kinematics, were recorded during the hitting test between sets. We found no significant difference in ball kinetic energy between groups, but the HIGH group hit the ball with a greater ratio of rotational kinetic energy to total kinetic energy. However, the progression of the simulation protocol did not affect physiological responses (including blood lactate concentration) or hitting ability. Therefore, it is suggested that the type of groundstrokes used by players is one of the factors that should be considered when discussing fatigue in tennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Murata
- Department of Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan,Correspondence: Munenori Murata
| | - Takashi Naito
- Faculty of Law, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan
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van de Wijdeven B, Visser B, Daams J, Kuijer PP. A first step towards a framework for interventions for individual working practice to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:87. [PMID: 36726094 PMCID: PMC9890723 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a key topic in occupational health. In the primary prevention of these disorders, interventions to minimize exposure to work-related physical risk factors are widely advocated. Besides interventions aimed at the work organisation and the workplace, interventions are also aimed at the behaviour of workers, the so-called individual working practice (IWP). At the moment, no conceptual framework for interventions for IWP exists. This study is a first step towards such a framework. METHODS A scoping review was carried out starting with a systematic search in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science. Intervention studies aimed at reducing exposure to physical ergonomic risk factors involving the worker were included. The content of these interventions for IWP was extracted and coded in order to arrive at distinguishing and overarching categories of these interventions for IWP. RESULTS More than 12.000 papers were found and 110 intervention studies were included, describing 810 topics for IWP. Eventually eight overarching categories of interventions for IWP were distinguished: (1) Workplace adjustment, (2) Variation, (3) Exercising, (4) Use of aids, (5) Professional skills, (6) Professional manners, (7) Task content & task organisation and (8) Motoric skills. CONCLUSION Eight categories of interventions for IWP are described in the literature. These categories are a starting point for developing and evaluating effective interventions performed by workers to prevent WMSDs. In order to reach consensus on these categories, an international expert consultation is a necessary next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van de Wijdeven
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, K0-116 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Visser
- grid.431204.00000 0001 0685 7679Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Daams
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, K0-116 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P.F.M. Kuijer
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, K0-116 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cádiz Gallardo MP, Pradas de la Fuente F, Moreno-Azze A, Carrasco Páez L. Physiological demands of racket sports: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1149295. [PMID: 37063547 PMCID: PMC10101231 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1149295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The practice of racket sports has had an exponential growth in the last decade, along with it, the scientific interest in researching the different disciplines: badminton, padel, table tennis, tennis, and squash. However, most research has focused on the technical and tactical field. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and compare the indicators of the internal load of each sport: heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen consumption (VO2), and lactate (LA) in order to reset physiological references to adjust the training of the players and also use these references to propose the practice of these sports for healthy purposes to the general population. PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Review were used to search for articles that met the inclusion criteria in three databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, and Sportdiscus. The search was performed between January 2010, and September 2022. Finally, a total 27 records were included for analysis in this study. The main findings were related to the differences in the intensity rates between sports. The highest lactate concentrations and heart values were found in badminton in the intensity of effort values (whose highest values were found in badminton) 10.11 (±4.99) mmol/L and 182.6 (±2.7) bpm respectively, whereas table tennis showed the lowest ones 1.2 (± 0.4) mmol/L, and 103.99 (±15.09) bpm, respectively. The highest mean VO2 was found in table tennis with a value of 36.8 (±13.2) ml/kg/min and the lowest in tennis with a value of 26.6 (±2.7) ml/kg/min. The highest VO2max was found in tennis players 58.0 (±4.6) ml/kg/min, and the lowest value was in table tennis with a value of 42.9 (±4.2) ml/kg/min. Since most of the studies were carried out on elite men players, future research should focus on amateur and women level players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Pradas de la Fuente
- Training, Physical Activity and Sports Performance Research Group (ENFYRED), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Pradas de la Fuente,
| | | | - Luis Carrasco Páez
- , BIOFANEX Research Group (CTS-972), Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
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Berral-Aguilar AJ, Schröder-Vilar S, Rojano-Ortega D, Berral-de la Rosa FJ. Body Composition, Somatotype and Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters of Adolescent Elite Tennis Players: Age and Sex Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17045. [PMID: 36554925 PMCID: PMC9778760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies analyzing tennis players' body composition and morphological and bioelectrical characteristics are scarce, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to explore sex- and age-based differences in body composition, somatotype, and bioelectrical properties among elite young male and female tennis players aged 13-16 years. Twenty-two male (14.45 ± 1.10 years) and 20 female (14.30 ± 1.03 years) elite tennis players participated in this study and were compared according to sex (males vs. females) and, within each sex, according to age (13-14 years vs. 15-16 years). Female adolescent elite tennis players had higher body fat (BF) percentage and higher endomorphy than males. They also had lower skeletal muscle mass and total body water (TBW) percentages. Older boys had lower resistance and a higher TBW and phase angle (PhA) than younger boys, likely due to maturation and performance. No significant differences were found between younger and older girls, except for the PhA, potentially associated with better cell function and performance. This study provides valuable reference data for coaches of elite youth tennis players. Due to the few differences found in body composition and somatotype in the different age groups, the PhA may be used by practitioners as a reference for cell function and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Berral-Aguilar
- CTS-595 Research Group, Department of Informatics and Sports, University Pablo de Olavide, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Susana Schröder-Vilar
- Tennis Empowerment Center (T.E.C.) Carles Ferrer Salat, Can Marlés, 08960 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojano-Ortega
- CTS-595 Research Group, Department of Informatics and Sports, University Pablo de Olavide, 41014 Seville, Spain
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Pan W, Gong L, Xiao G, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Xu C. Regular Tennis Exercise May Improve the Vascular Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women: The Influence of Hemodynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15749. [PMID: 36497824 PMCID: PMC9741065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity plays a role in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the current guidelines for physical activity, such as the prescription of exercise, seek to combat CVD, attaining the recommended targets remains challenging. Tennis exercise has been proven to have a unique advantage in reducing the mortality of CVD, but little is known about the influence of playing tennis on impaired vascular endothelial function (VEF), which initiates CVD. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether regular tennis participation could protect the VEF better than merely meeting the physical activity recommended by the current guidelines. A cross-sectional design was performed based on a sample of 38 healthy postmenopausal women who were matched for physical activity, of which 17 subjects had long-term tennis experience and 21 age-matched subjects regularly exercised but did not play tennis. The cardiovascular function and the body composition of all subjects were measured. We used cluster analysis to assess the overall health status. The modeling results showed that the tennis players performed better in terms of VEF than the nonplayers (10.55 ± 0.58 vs. 8.69 ± 0.52, p < 0.01, R2ad = 0.367), while the wall shear stress positively correlated with VEF (r = 0.505, p < 0.05), after controlling for age and physical activity levels. Regular tennis exercise may be a protective factor for VEF, and further study should be performed to research the role of hemodynamics in tennis exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoan Xiao
- Beijing No.10 Middle School, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lantian Zhang
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Xiao
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kobayashi T, Seki S, Hwang I. Relationship of muscle power and bone mineral density with the α-actinin-3 R577X polymorphism in Japanese female athletes from different sport types: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31685. [PMID: 36397442 PMCID: PMC9666200 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between muscle power and bone mineral density (BMD) and the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism in Japanese female collegiate athletes participating in sports with various mechanical-load characteristics. This study included 260 female collegiate athletes involved in 10 competitive sports and 26 controls (mean ages, 19.2 ± 1.2 and 19.7 ± 1.3 years, respectively). The sports were classified into 3 categories (low-impact, multidirectional, and high-impact) based on the exercise load characteristics. Data on sports participation and competition experience were obtained through a questionnaire-type survey. The maximum anaerobic power (MAnP) test was performed to measure muscle power. The total body BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) was analyzed using a TaqMan® assay. The multidirectional sports participants with the RR genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism had a higher BMD than those with the RX and RX + XX genotypes (P = .018 and P = .003, respectively). The RR genotype was also associated with a higher MAnP than those with the RX + XX genotypes (P = .035). No other variables related to BMD and MAnP were significantly different. Our results suggests that the RR genotype may confer high trainability for BMD and muscle power in Japanese female collegiate athletes participating in multidirectional sport types. However, these associations were not found in the athletes participating in the low- and high-impact sport types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- * Correspondence: Tetsuro Kobayashi, Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Shotaro Seki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Inkwan Hwang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Munivrana G, Jelaska I, Tomljanović M. Design and Validation of a New Tennis-Specific Reactive Agility Test-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10039. [PMID: 36011674 PMCID: PMC9408533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agility is an important ability for tennis players, but there is an evident lack of studies focusing on the applicability of tennis-specific agility tests that capture a combination of the physical and cognitive agility performance. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to design and test measurement properties of the tennis-specific reactive agility test that would be feasible and practical for regular implementation. A total of 32 youth tennis players (21 males and 11 females; 10.85 ± 1.50 years) participated in this study. The measurement characteristics of the newly designed reactive agility tennis-specific (TS-RAN) test have been established by comparing it with two generic agility tests and with two tennis-specific pre-planned agility tests. The overall reliability of the new TS-RAN test can only be considered "moderate to good", as although the results of participants showed good internal consistency, the within-subject reliability of the test proved to be unsatisfactory, since the participants showed a lack of performance consistency. This is not unexpected considering the very young age of the participants who performed the test for the very first time. The new TS-RAN test was highly projected (0.91) on the same single latent dimension, with the variance predominately explained by the tennis-specific agility tests. The test's greatest strength is its high feasibility, since the test does not require any special set-up nor technical equipment, and that makes it practical for regular implementation in a practical setting. Further research studies are needed in order to confirm the test's potential to be widely accepted and used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Munivrana
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Jelaska
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Prieto-Lage I, Paramés-González A, Argibay-González JC, Reguera-López-de-la-Osa X, Ordóñez-Álvarez S, Gutiérrez-Santiago A. Match Analysis in Women’s Tennis on Clay, Grass and Hard Courts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137955. [PMID: 35805614 PMCID: PMC9266198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Performance indicators in tennis such as service effectiveness, rally length or final shots are key factors in determining the winner of the match, although there is little research in the female category. The purpose of this research is to understand the game model in female tennis based on the type of surface. (2) Methods: A total of 2759 points were analyzed from three Grand Slam tournaments from 2019 on three different surfaces. We used observational methodology. (3) Results: The effectiveness of the first service was 62.4% on clay, 64.2% on grass and 67.5% on hard court. With the second service, effectiveness reduced in 5.5%, 11.2% and 14.5% from the first service, respectively. The service direction determines the efficiency and duration of the rally. The highest efficiency occurs with first serves to the T zone or wide zone (regardless of the service side) in short rallies (from 64.9% on clay to 86.3% on hard court). Serving to the centre reduces the chances of success (between 53.1% and 69.9%) and increases the rally length. Between 64.8% (clay) and 75.9% (hard court) of points played on first serve ended in a short rally, while on second serve it was 56.2% (clay) to 61.7% (grass). (4) Conclusions: The data of the effectiveness of the sequences of specific plays can help in the trainings of professional female tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Prieto-Lage
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (I.P.-L.); (J.C.A.-G.); (S.O.-Á.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Adrián Paramés-González
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (I.P.-L.); (J.C.A.-G.); (S.O.-Á.); (A.G.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Carlos Argibay-González
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (I.P.-L.); (J.C.A.-G.); (S.O.-Á.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Xoana Reguera-López-de-la-Osa
- Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Group (Gies10-DE3), Galicia Sur Health Research, Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Santiago Ordóñez-Álvarez
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (I.P.-L.); (J.C.A.-G.); (S.O.-Á.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Santiago
- Observational Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (I.P.-L.); (J.C.A.-G.); (S.O.-Á.); (A.G.-S.)
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Srihi S, Jouira G, Ben Waer F, Rebai H, Majdoub A, Sahli S. Postural Balance in Young Tennis Players of Varied Competition Levels. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:1599-1613. [PMID: 35704346 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of young tennis players' expertise on their postural balance (PB) under sensorial conditions with eyes open (EO) and with eyes closed (EC). Our participants were 75 healthy adolescents aged 15-18 years, divided into three groups based on their skill levels: (a) national tennis players (NAT; n = 25), regional tennis players (REG; n =25), and a control group of non-sport practitioners (CG; n = 25). We recorded center of pressure area and mean velocity on a force platform while participants stood in bipedal and unipedal stances in EO and EC conditions for all three groups. Statistical analyses showed that NAT participants swayed less than CG participants in all conditions and less than REG participants in the bipedal stance with EC and in the unipedal stance, both with EO and EC. Thus, tennis practice/experience may have improved PB in this sample, as high-level tennis players had better PB compared to novices, especially in challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Srihi
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Jouira
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Majdoub
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Lambrich J, Muehlbauer T. Physical fitness and stroke performance in healthy tennis players with different competition levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269516. [PMID: 35657986 PMCID: PMC9165775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in variables of physical fitness and stroke performance by competition level (i.e., elite vs. sub-elite players) have not been systematically investigated yet. Thus, the objective of the systematic review with meta-analysis was to characterize and quantify competition-level dependent differences in physical fitness and stroke performance in healthy tennis players. A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus from their inception date till May 2022. Studies were included if they investigated healthy tennis players and reported at least one measure of physical fitness (e.g., lower extremity muscle power, endurance, agility, speed) or stroke performance (e.g., stroke velocity). Weighted standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated and reported according to their magnitude. The search identified a total of N = 12,714 records, 16 of which met the inclusion criteria. Competition-level dependent differences in physical fitness and stroke performance were investigated by 11 and 10 studies, respectively. For physical fitness, moderate (lower extremity muscle power: SMD = 0.53; endurance: SMD = 0.59; agility: SMD = 0.54) and small (speed: SMD = 0.35) effects were detected; all in favour of elite tennis players. However, sub-group analyses revealed an influence of players' age showing higher SMD-values for adult than for young players. Further, a large effect (SMD = 1.00) was observed for stroke performance again in favour of elite tennis players. Lastly, a larger but not significantly different association between physical fitness and stroke performance was observed for elite (r = 0.562) compared to sub-elite (r = 0.372) tennis players. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed better physical fitness and stroke performances in healthy elite compared to sub-elite tennis players. The greatest differences by competition level were shown in measures of lower extremity muscle power, endurance, and agility. Thus, training programs for sub-elite tennis players should place a special focus on these physical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lambrich
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pradas F, Toro-Román V, Ortega-Zayas MÁ, Montoya-Suárez DM, Sánchez-Alcaraz BJ, Muñoz D. Physical Fitness and Upper Limb Asymmetry in Young Padel Players: Differences between Genders and Categories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116461. [PMID: 35682046 PMCID: PMC9180026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the physical fitness and upper body asymmetries of young padel players aged between 13 and 16 years and to determine the possible differences between genders and categories. A total of 60 padel players were divided into four groups: under-14 male (n = 15; age: 13.75 ± 0.45 years; height: 1.64 ± 0.07 m; weight: 54.7 ± 8.3 kg), under-14 female (n = 15; age: 13.75 ± 0.44 years; height: 1.60 ± 0.05 m; weight: 51.5 ± 6.0 kg), under-16 male (n = 15; age: 15.44 ± 0.51 years; height:1.71 ± 0.04 m; weight: 63.88 ± 6.2 kg) and under-16 female (n = 15; age:15.46 ± 0.52 years; height:1.63 ± 0.05 m; weight: 55.08 ± 3.6 kg). Handgrip strength, ischiosural flexibility, gestural speed of the dominant arm, vertical jump, cardiorespiratory capacity, lateral movement, lateral acceleration and reaction time were measured. Male players showed better results in manual grip strength, vertical jump power, cardiorespiratory capacity and lateral movement (p < 0.05). Moreover, males presented a higher percentage of asymmetry in upper limb strength. Female players showed better reaction time and greater flexibility (p < 0.05). Regarding the differences between categories, the under-16 players showed greater flexibility, gestural speed, vertical jump power, cardiorespiratory capacity and lateral movement compared to the under-14 players. These results can be used as reference values for coaches/physical trainers of younger categories to improve health control and physical performance planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (M.Á.O.-Z.); (D.M.M.-S.)
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927-257-460 (ext. 57833)
| | - Miguel Ángel Ortega-Zayas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (M.Á.O.-Z.); (D.M.M.-S.)
| | - Duber Mary Montoya-Suárez
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (M.Á.O.-Z.); (D.M.M.-S.)
| | | | - Diego Muñoz
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
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Dimitrova A, Ivanova-Pandourska I. Effect of sports training on morphological characteristics in Bulgarian female tennis players. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:309-313. [DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e63960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The intensity of tennis training together with specific exercises may be reflected in the morphological profile of tennis players.
Aim: To evaluate the impact of sports training on the body composition of female tennis players in the 11–13-year competition category.
Materials and methods: The study included an experimental group of 27 female tennis players (mean age 12.43±0.91 years) and 115 schoolgirls (mean age 12.55±0.88 years) as a control group. The following features were investigated: body height, body weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, muscle mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, percentage of body fat, total body water. The visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were computed using the Brambilla’s equation.
Results: In comparison with the control group, tennis players have higher values of muscle mass (p<0.04), total body water (p<0.05), fat-free mass (p<0.04) and lower values of body fat percentage (p<0.04). The rest of the parameters were not found to have statistically significant differences.
Conclusions: We conclude that sports training influences some morphological parameters of female tennis players.
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Xiao W, Geok SK, Bai X, Bu T, Norjali Wazir MR, Talib O, Liu W, Zhan C. Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness Among Young Tennis Players: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:843021. [PMID: 35309192 PMCID: PMC8924058 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.843021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical fitness comprises both health- and skill-related components that have been shown to correlate with the competitive ability of the athletes. Competitive ability of the athletes is strongly related to the positive or poor characteristics of physical fitness. Additionally, the adolescent stage is critical for the development of physical fitness. Physical fitness training for young tennis players should receive more attention. However, the current literature is deficient in in-depth reviews of the effects of exercise training on the physical fitness of young tennis players. Objective This review is aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training on physical fitness among young tennis players. Methods From October 2020, a comprehensive search was undertaken in four electronic databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and CINAHL Plus) and also on Google Scholar and other sources of gray literature references. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and the over scientific evidence was determined using the best evidence synthesis (BES). This review included only studies that employed an experimental design to assess the physical fitness components of young tennis players. Results Nine articles on exercise training met all inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. The studies were of a high standard of quality. The research findings are relatively credible. The results indicated that speed (n = 8) and agility (n = 8) were the most often investigated performance characteristics in exercise training interventions with young tennis players, followed by power (n = 7), strength (n = 4), and flexibility (n = 1). Exercise training significantly increased the physical fitness of young tennis players in terms of speed and agility. There is a lack of evidence about strength and flexibility. Meanwhile, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effect on power, and yet there is no evidence regarding the effect of exercise training on endurance. Conclusions This systematic review established a compelling case for the beneficial effects of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in youngtennis players. The review identifies current research gaps (i.e., athlete gender, with a particular emphasis on female athletes) that should be addressed in future experimental studies. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD 42020213145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soh Kim Geok
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Te Bu
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mohd Rozilee Norjali Wazir
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Othman Talib
- Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Department of Sports Studies, Graduate School, Adamson University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chongjiang Zhan
- Sports Military Training Department, Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Zhuji, China
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Villafaina S, García-Calvo T, Fuentes-García JP. Impact of HIIT Sessions with and without Cognitive Load on Cortical Arousal, Accuracy and Perceived Exertion in Amateur Tennis Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:767. [PMID: 35627904 PMCID: PMC9142095 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercises, with and without cognitive load, on the accuracy, critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on recreational tennis players. A total of 32 players of tennis at recreational level (25 men and 7 women) were enrolled in this cross-sectional the study. Participants had to perform, randomly, two HIIT sessions. In one of them, cognitive load was induced by conducting an incongruent Stroop during rests. After training accuracy of tennis serve, CFFT, and RPE were measured. Results showed that accuracy after baseline and HIIT without cognitive load were significantly higher than after HIIT with cognitive load. RPE significantly increased (p-value < 0.001) after HIIT sessions in both, with and without cognitive load. However, significant differences were not observed between the two sessions in the RPE (p-value = 0.405). Furthermore, differences were not obtained in the CFFT neither within nor between sessions (p-value > 0.05). Therefore, HIIT with and without cognitive load increased the RPE in recreational tennis players. Furthermore, HIIT sessions with cognitive load significant altered tennis serve accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (T.G.-C.); (J.P.F.-G.)
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (T.G.-C.); (J.P.F.-G.)
| | - Juan Pedro Fuentes-García
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (T.G.-C.); (J.P.F.-G.)
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The Post-Activation Potentiation Effects on Sprinting Abilities in Junior Tennis Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042080. [PMID: 35206269 PMCID: PMC8871887 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of a full squat (SQ) or hip thrust (HT) with two different loading intensities (60% and 85% 1 RM) on sprint ability in junior male tennis players. Methods: Nineteen tennis players were included in this research. They underwent four different experimental conditions: HT at 60% 1 RM, HT at 85% 1 RM, SQ at 60% 1 RM, or SQ at 85%. The force–velocity (F–V) profile was used to assess tennis players’ sprint acceleration ability before and after applying the conditioning stimulus. The variables registered were as follows: 5 m test (5 m), 10 m test (10 m), maximum theoretical force (F0), maximum power (Pmax), and the maximal ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RFpeak). Results: Significant improvements in 5 m, Pmax, and RFpeak were observed when the conditioning stimulus was performing one set of seven reps of HT at 60% 1 RM. When the activation protocol was one set of seven reps of SQ at 60% 1 RM, significant improvements in 5 m, 10 m, F0, Pmax (N), and RFpeak were detected. Additionally, performing one set of three reps of SQ at 85% 1 RM as an activation protocol provided significant improvements in F0. Conclusion: The use of HT and SQ with a load of 60% 1 RM improved the sprint F–V profile components related to the acceleration phase of the sprint in junior tennis players. Using intensity loads of 85% 1 RM is not adequate to increase acute sprint performance in this population. HT presents a higher transferability to sprinting in the first 5 m of sprinting, whereas SQ provides acute improvements in different sprinting phases.
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Acute effects of dynamic versus foam rolling warm-up strategies on physical performance in elite tennis players. Biol Sport 2021; 38:595-601. [PMID: 34937969 PMCID: PMC8670807 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is a lack of information about the optimal conditions of the warm-up to lead to a better performance in elite tennis players. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different warm-up protocols (dynamic vs. self-myofascial release with foam rolling) on neuromuscular variables associated with physical determinants of tennis performance. Using a crossover randomised experimental design, eleven professional men tennis players (20.6 ± 3.5 years) performed either a dynamic warm-up (DWU) or a self-myofascial release with foam rolling (SMFR) protocol. DWU consisted of 8 min of dynamic exercises at increasing intensity and SMFR consisted of 8 min of rolling on each lower extremity unilaterally. Just before (baseline) and after completing warm-up protocols, players performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), the 5-0-5 agility test, a 10-m sprint test and the Straight Leg Raise and Thomas tests to assess range of motion. Compared to baseline, the DWU was more effective to reduce the time in the 5-0-5 test than SMFR (-2.23 vs. 0.44%, respectively, p = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.19). However, both warm-up protocols similarly affected CMJ (2.32 vs. 0.61%, p = 0.373, ηp2 = 0.04) and 10-m sprint time changes (-1.26 vs. 1.03%, p = 0.124, ηp2 = 0.11). Changes in range of motion tests were also similar with both protocols (p = 0.448–1.000, ηp2 = 0.00–0.02). Overall, both DWU and SMFR were effective to prepare well-trained tennis players for highly demanding neuromuscular actions. However, DWU offered a better preparation for performing change of direction and sprint actions, and hence, in high-performance tennis players, the warm-up should include dynamic exercises.
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Jansen MGT, Huijgen BCH, Faber IR, Elferink-Gemser MT. Measuring Agility in Tennis, Badminton, and Squash: A Systematic Review. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Luna-Villouta P, Paredes-Arias M, Flores-Rivera C, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Souza de Carvalho R, Faúndez-Casanova C, Vásquez-Gómez J, Vargas-Vitoria R. Anthropometric Characterization and Physical Performance by Age and Biological Maturation in Young Tennis Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010893. [PMID: 34682639 PMCID: PMC8535686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to analyze anthropometric and physical performance variables as a function of chronological age and biological maturity in young Chilean tennis players. The study was observational, cross-sectional, with descriptive and analytical characteristics. Eighty-seven tennis players were evaluated (58 men 15.1 ± 0.8 years and 29 women, 15.3 ± 0.8 years). The measured anthropometric variables were a sprint test of 20m; a modified agility test; a sit-and-reach test and shoulder flexibility; manual grip strength; horizontal jump in feet; a medicine ball throw; a countermovement vertical jump; an abalakov vertical jump and a 20-m shuttle-run test. The growth velocity acceleration peak (APHV), skeletal muscle mass and fat mass were calculated, R2 and standard error of estimate (SEE) were examined. The results show that chronological age explained the anthropometric variables between 1 and 23% in men and 1 and 29% in women; by biological age, variables were explained between 3 and 53% in men and 2 and 42% in women. Of the physical performance variables, chronological age described between 2 and 24% of them in men and 1 and 29% in women; the same were explained by biological age between 1 and 19% in men and 1 and 26% in women. We conclude that anthropometric variables showed a better relationship with biological age, except for volume of fat tissue, while physical performance variables showed low association with both biological and chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Luna-Villouta
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.L.-V.); (M.P.-A.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Doctorado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Paredes-Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.L.-V.); (M.P.-A.)
| | - Carol Flores-Rivera
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | | | - Ricardo Souza de Carvalho
- Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (R.S.d.C.); (C.F.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - César Faúndez-Casanova
- Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (R.S.d.C.); (C.F.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Jaime Vásquez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vargas-Vitoria
- Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (R.S.d.C.); (C.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +569-71-298-6412
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Fleming JA, Catháin CÓ, Harper LD, Naughton RJ. Dietary Intake and Daily Distribution of Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat in Youth Tennis Players over a 7-Day Training and Competition Period. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:413-420. [PMID: 34267580 PMCID: PMC8256522 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During a 7-day training and/or competition period, macronutrient intake and distribution was assessed using food diaries, supported by remote food photography and 24-hr multiple pass recalls of youth tennis players categorised by under 12s, under 14s and under 16+ age groups (n = 27). Total energy did not differ between age groups nor type of day (training [TD], competition day [CD]), irrespective of a significant increase in body mass reported in the older players (U16+; p < 0.05). Average intakes were consistently below 2250 kcal·day-1 (range 1965 ± 317-2232 ± 612 kcal·day-1). Carbohydrate consumption was below guidelines for all groups (≤6g·kg-1). Conversely, protein intake met or exceeded guidelines throughout, with intakes ≥2 g·kg-1 for both the U12 and U14 age groups on both days. Protein intake was ~17% higher on TDs than CDs (p < 0.05), with protein intake at lunch significantly higher on TDs than CDs (p < 0.05). No further differences were observed between breakfast, lunch or dinner between group or day. Inconsistent snacking was reported, with players consuming snacks on less than half of the days reported (46 ± 12% of TDs and 43 ± 30% of CDs). In conclusion, youth tennis players present sub-optimal nutrition practices, appearing to under fuel and under consume carbohydrate for performance, adaptation, recovery and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fleming
- School of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, London, England
| | - Ciarán Ó Catháin
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Liam D Harper
- School of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England
| | - Robert J Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England
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Prognostic Validity of Statistical Prediction Methods Used for Talent Identification in Youth Tennis Players Based on Motor Abilities. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11157051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The search for talented young athletes is an important element of top-class sport. While performance profiles and suitable test tasks for talent identification have already been extensively investigated, there are few studies on statistical prediction methods for talent identification. Therefore, this long-term study examined the prognostic validity of four talent prediction methods. (2) Methods: Tennis players (N = 174; n♀ = 62 and n♂ = 112) at the age of eight years (U9) were examined using five physical fitness tests and four motor competence tests. Based on the test results, four predictions regarding the individual future performance were made for each participant using a linear recommendation score, a logistic regression, a discriminant analysis, and a neural network. These forecasts were then compared with the athletes’ achieved performance success at least four years later (U13‒U18). (3) Results: All four prediction methods showed a medium-to-high prognostic validity with respect to their forecasts. Their values of relative improvement over chance ranged from 0.447 (logistic regression) to 0.654 (tennis recommendation score). (4) Conclusions: However, the best results are only obtained by combining the non-linear method (neural network) with one of the linear methods. Nevertheless, 18.75% of later high-performance tennis players could not be predicted using any of the methods.
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Chapelle L, Bishop C, Clarys P, D'Hondt E. International vs. National female tennis players: a comparison of upper and lower extremity functional asymmetries. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:944-952. [PMID: 34028243 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetries have been reported to negatively impact sport performance. This study examined the magnitude and direction of whole-body functional asymmetry in international versus national female tennis players. METHODS Ten internationally and twelve nationally ranked tennis players participated. Upper extremity functional asymmetries (or side-to-side performance differences) were evaluated using handgrip strength, seated shot-put throw and plate tapping. Lower extremity functional asymmetries were determined using the single leg countermovement jump, single leg forward hop test, 6 m single leg hop test, 505 changes of direction (time and deficit), and Y-balance test (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral). ANOVAs were used to compare the dominant (overall best or fastest result of a specific test) versus non-dominant performance values (best or fastest result of the corresponding extremity) within the internationally versus nationally ranked players. Functional asymmetry magnitudes differences (expressed as a %) were examined using Mann-Whitney U tests. Kappa coefficients examined the consistency as to which extremity performed dominantly across tests. RESULTS Significant asymmetries for every upper and lower extremity test were found. The functional asymmetry magnitude was significantly (p=0.020) higher on the single leg forward hop test for the nationally (6.3%) versus internationally ranked players (2.9%). Kappa coefficients showed perfect levels of consistency regarding all upper extremity tests (k=1.00), indicating true limb dominance whereas more variance was found as to which lower extremity performed dominantly across tests (k range=-0.067-0.174). CONCLUSIONS The included female tennis players displayed significant whole-body functional asymmetries. Poor consistency as to which lower extremity performed dominantly across tests warrants individual asymmetry monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chapelle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium -
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva D'Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Sánchez-Pay A, Sanz-Rivas D. Physical and technical demand in professional wheelchair tennis on hard, clay and grass surfaces: implication for training. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1912957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Sanz-Rivas
- Department of Methodology and Professional Specialization in MEDAC, Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-Pay A, Sanz-Rivas D. Competitive Evolution of Professional Wheelchair Tennis from the Paralympic Games in Athens 2004 to Rio 2016: An Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063157. [PMID: 33803833 PMCID: PMC8003319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the activity pattern and technical-tactical parameters of men's wheelchair tennis matches from the Paralympic Games (PG) in Athens 2004 (A), Beijing 2008 (B), London 2012 (L) and Rio 2016 (R). A total of 5702 shots from twelve final round matches were analysed. Activity patterns (e.g., rally duration, shots per rally…) and technical effectivity (e.g., errors, winners…) were recorded. An ANOVA test with post hoc pairwise comparisons was conducted to compare the mean differences among matches of different PG. Game duration, points and shots per game differed according to the PG (R and L > B and A). Rally duration (p < 0.001) and shots per rally (p < 0.001) were longer at R and L than B and A. The effectivity of the last shots was different, the errors have been increasing and the winners have been decreasing. The main finding indicates that activity patterns and technical parameters have evolved mainly between A and B to L and R. This study gives an overview of the development of the sport over time, and coaches can use this information to adapt their training sessions to the current needs of the competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Pay
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, C/Argentina, s/n, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-889-297
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42
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Chao HH, Liao YH, Chou CC. Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031255. [PMID: 33573269 PMCID: PMC7908508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. PURPOSE This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. METHODS One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. RESULTS The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Han Chao
- Department of Athletics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27712171 (ext. 3332)
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Naito T, Nakamura M, Muraishi K, Eda N, Ando K, Takemura A, Akazawa N, Hasegawa H, Takahashi H. In-play optimal cooling for outdoor match-play tennis in the heat. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:326-335. [PMID: 33393422 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1870160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four cooling interventions used for reducing physiological and perceptual strain and improving exercise performance during outdoor match-play tennis in the heat. Eight competitive tennis players played four counter-balanced simulated outdoor matches in the heat (WBGT: 28.4-32.5°C) at 24- or 48-h intervals. Each match comprised 3 sets for which the "no-ad" rule was applied to limit duration variability. Players underwent the following cooling interventions: ad libitum fluid ingestion (CON), ad libitum fluid ingestion and ice vest (VEST), total ingestion of approximately 1000 g ice slurry and ice vest (Combined: BINE), or total ingestion of approximately 400 g ice slurry and ice vest (Low-combined: L-BINE). Gastrointestinal temperature was lower in the BINE and the L-BINE trials than in the CON trial at the set-break of set 1, and these differences in gastrointestinal temperature persisted throughout the remainder of the match (p < 0.05). The ratio of moderate-high intensity activity (≥10 km/h) in set 3 was significantly higher in the L-BINE trial than that in the BINE trial (p < 0.05). In the CON and BINE trials, high intensity activity was significantly lower in set 3 compared with set 1 and 2, respectively. Cooling by optimal ice slurry ingestion and ice vest may be a more effective strategy in mitigating the development of heat strain during outdoor match-play tennis in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naito
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Muraishi
- Japan Sport Council, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Community and Human Services, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Eda
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Ando
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Takemura
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kolman NS, Huijgen BCH, Visscher C, Elferink-Gemser MT. The value of technical characteristics for future performance in youth tennis players: A prospective study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245435. [PMID: 33439916 PMCID: PMC7806163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine whether technical characteristics predict current and future tennis performance of youth tennis players. Twenty-nine male youth tennis players (age 13.40 ± .51) were assessed on anthropometrical characteristics (height, weight, maturity status) and technical characteristics (ball speed, accuracy and percentage errors) using an on-court tennis test when they were under-14 (U14). Game situations were simulated, which were either fixed or variable. The variable game situations required players to consider the direction of the ball, as opposed to the fixed game situations where players needed to play every ball to the same side. Players’ tennis ratings were obtained U14 (‘current performance’) and under-18 (U18) (‘future performance’). According to their rating U18 players were classified as future elite (n = 9) or future competitive (n = 20). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that ball speed and accuracy were significant predictors of current and future performance (p < .001), with R2 of .595 and .463, respectively. When controlling for age, a one-way MANCOVA revealed that future elite players were more accurate than future competitive players (p = .048, 95% CI [.000 to .489]), especially in variable compared to fixed game situations (p < .05). In conclusion, the current study is the first to show that technical characteristics are crucial for current as well as future performance in youth male tennis players. Findings of this prospective study provide essential information to coaches about characteristics that require most attention in performance development in youth players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki S Kolman
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Knowledge Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara C H Huijgen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Visscher
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije T Elferink-Gemser
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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45
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Roche DM, Jackson M, Amirabdollahian F, Khaiyat O. Clustered cardiometabolic risk and arterial stiffness of recreational adult tennis players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:1393-1403. [PMID: 33314882 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence highlights racquet sports as being associated with a substantially reduced risk of CVD mortality. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and arterial stiffness in recreational adult tennis players. METHODS Forty-three recreational tennis players (T) and a matched group of 45 healthy, active non-tennis (NT) players, mean age (±SEM) 41.6±1.8 years participated in this cross-sectional comparative study. Measurements included emerging and traditional CMR factors with pulse wave analysis/velocity utilised to assess indexes of arterial stiffness. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was calculated using two composites: CMR1 (central aortic systolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, percentage body fat, HDL-C and maximal oxygen uptake) and CMR2 (brachial systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, TC:HDL-C, percentage body fat, HbA<inf>1c</inf> and maximal oxygen uptake). RESULTS Analysis of covariance, controlling for age, revealed T had significantly lower (healthier) CMR1 scores than NT (EMM±SEM, T: -0.48±0.3 vs. NT: 0.50±0.3, P=0.03). Similarly, T also demonstrated lower clustered CMR2 scores (EMM, T: -0.66±0.4 vs. NT: 0.59±0.4, P=0.04). Augmentation index of the pulse pressure wave, normalised to heart rate 75 bpm (AIx75), was lower in T vs NT (EMM, T: 10.7±1.7% vs. NT: 12.7±1.6%; P=0.03), when controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Tennis appears to be a suitable and effective physical activity modality for targeting cardiometabolic and vascular health and should be more frequently advocated in physical activity promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Roche
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK -
| | - Matthew Jackson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Omid Khaiyat
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
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Baiget E, Iglesias X, Rodríguez FA. Validity of Heart Rate-Based Models for Estimating Oxygen Uptake During Tennis Play. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3208-3216. [PMID: 33105372 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Baiget, E, Iglesias, X, and Rodríguez, FA. Validity of heart rate-based models for estimating oxygen uptake during tennis play. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3208-3216, 2020-This study aimed to assess the validity of an on-court tennis test (specific endurance tennis test [SET-Test]) and 2 heart rate (HR)-based methods for estimating oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2) in competitive tennis players. Thirty-five male players performed a SET-Test to relate test duration (minutes) and V[Combining Dot Above]O2. Two weeks later, 16 players performed a simulated match play set where HR and V[Combining Dot Above]O2 (V[Combining Dot Above]O2-PLAY, criterion value) were measured and then compared with V[Combining Dot Above]O2 values predicted from the HR/V[Combining Dot Above]O2 linear regression equations derived from the SET-Test (pV[Combining Dot Above]O2-TEST) and from the one set match play (pV[Combining Dot Above]O2-PLAY). Test duration and V[Combining Dot Above]O2-TEST were strongly correlated (r = 0.821, p < 0.001, SEE = 5.6 ml·kg·min), indicating that SET-Test outcome is a somewhat good indicator of aerobic fitness in tennis players, likely to be useful for training purposes. pV[Combining Dot Above]O2-PLAY and V[Combining Dot Above]O2-PLAY (criterion value) were strongly correlated (r = 0.832, p < 0.001) and SEE was moderate (3.5 ml·kg·min = 11.5%). pV[Combining Dot Above]O2-TEST differed from the criterion (32.4 ± 10.7 vs. 30.8 ± 8.6 ml·kg·min, p < 0.001) and, although strongly correlated (r = 0.689, p < 0.001), an overestimation occurred (mean Δ = 1.6 ml·kg·min = 4.9%), yielding a high SEE (4.8 ml·kg·min = 15.6%). We conclude that (a) SET-Test performance is a valid and moderately accurate predictor of V[Combining Dot Above]O2; and (b) the individual HR-V[Combining Dot Above]O2 regression equation generated during tennis match play predicts V[Combining Dot Above]O2 with greater accuracy than the regression derived from the SET-Test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Baiget
- Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Xavier Iglesias
- INEFC-Barcelona Research Group on Sport Sciences, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran A Rodríguez
- INEFC-Barcelona Research Group on Sport Sciences, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Shao M, Lai Y, Gong A, Yang Y, Chen T, Jiang C. Effect of shooting experience on executive function: differences between experts and novices. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9802. [PMID: 32983637 PMCID: PMC7500350 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Executive function (EF) plays an important role in controlling human actions. Shooting is a closed motor skill, characterized by high anti-interference ability and high mental intensity. However, the beneficial effects of closed exercises such as shooting on EF remain unclear. Methods We utilized an expert-novice paradigm and the Flanker task to examine the EF of shooting athletes. Participants were assigned into the novice group, expert group, or control group, based on the level of training and competition experience. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy of performance across the three groups were compared. Results For the simple task, the control group showed a longer RT than the novice group, for all three inter-stimulus interval (ISI) conditions. Significant differences between the control and the expert groups were observed only at 300-ms and 400-ms ISIs. For the complex task, the control group exhibited a higher RT than the novice and expert groups at the 300- and 400-ms ISIs. Conclusions The self-control during performing closed motor skills in the environment determines that shooters have proficient anti-interference ability. This ability is uncorrelated with task type, but most likely is affected by reserved task response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Faculty of Social and Public Administration, Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,School of Education Science, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China
| | - AnMin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of Armed Police Force, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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48
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Hoppe MW, Hotfiel T, Stückradt A, Grim C, Ueberschär O, Freiwald J, Baumgart C. Effects of passive, active, and mixed playing strategies on external and internal loads in female tennis players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239463. [PMID: 32960920 PMCID: PMC7508371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different playing strategies on external and internal loads in female tennis players during match play. Also, the underlying effects on the technical-tactical actions and activity profiles were examined. Twelve well-trained female players (age: 25±5 years; maximum oxygen uptake: 40.9±4.3 ml/kg/min) played points against an opponent of similar ability outdoors on red-clay courts. The players played points over five playing conditions. Before each condition, the players were instructed to apply either a passive, an active, or their own playing strategy (free play) to succeed. The five conditions were played in a randomized order, whereas the condition with the own strategy was always played first and served as control. During play, the external and internal loads were investigated by 10 Hz global positioning system, 100 Hz inertial measurement unit, short-range telemetry, capillary blood, and visual analog scale procedures. A 25 Hz video camera was used to examine the technical-tactical actions and activity profiles. Compared to the control condition, the passive, active, and mixed playing strategy conditions induce up to large effects on the external loads (running distances with high acceleration and deceleration), up to moderate effects on the internal loads (energy expenditures spent with high metabolic power, lactate concentration, and rating of effort), and up to very large effects on the technical-tactical actions (number of ground strokes and errors) and activity profiles (strokes per rally, rally duration, work to rest ratio, and effective playing time). Our study shows that passive, active, and mixed playing strategies have an impact on the external and internal loads, technical-tactical actions, and activity profiles of female tennis players during match play. This finding should be considered for practical purposes like match analyses and training procedures in the tennis environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W. Hoppe
- Institute of Movement and Training Science I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stückradt
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Casper Grim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Olaf Ueberschär
- Institute for Applied Training Science (IAT), Leipzig, Germany
- Chair for Human-Machine Interaction, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Freiwald
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Baumgart
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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49
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Kramer T, Valente-Dos-Santos J, Visscher C, Coelho-E-Silva M, Huijgen BCH, Elferink-Gemser MT. Longitudinal development of 5m sprint performance in young female tennis players. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:296-303. [PMID: 32896210 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1816313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sprint performance over short distances is a central component in young tennis players' development. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal development of sprint performance in young female tennis players, and to investigate differences between performance levels. Also potentially explanatory variables were investigated. Female tennis players aged 10-15 (N = 167) participated in a, mixed-longitudinal study (n = 48 elite; n = 119 sub-elite). Players were measured annually on the 5 m sprint as well as for possible explaining variables for 5 m sprint performance development (age, height, body mass, maturity status, lower limb explosive strength). Multilevel analysis was used to obtain a developmental model. Moreover, it was possible to predict sprint performance (5 m) based on chronological age, body size given by height, and lower limb strength performance (p < .05). Significant different developmental patterns were found for elite and sub-elite players, with elite players aged 10-14 being faster. After age 14, no significant differences were found in sprint performance between elite and sub-elite players (p > . 05). Sprint performance is an important characteristic of young female tennis players and seemed to depend on growth and maturation in parallel to physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kramer
- HAN Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - João Valente-Dos-Santos
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2019), University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Visscher
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Coelho-E-Silva
- CIDAF (UID/DTP/04213/2019), University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Barbara C H Huijgen
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije T Elferink-Gemser
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherlands
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50
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Moya-Ramon M, Nakamura FY, Teixeira AS, Granacher U, Santos-Rosa FJ, Sanz-Rivas D, Fernandez-Fernandez J. Effects of Resisted Vs. Conventional Sprint Training on Physical Fitness in Young Elite Tennis Players. J Hum Kinet 2020; 73:181-192. [PMID: 32774549 PMCID: PMC7386135 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 6-week resisted sprint (RST) versus conventional (unresisted) sprint training (CG) on sprint time, change of direction (COD) speed, repeated sprint ability (RSA) and jump performance (countermovement jump (CMJ) and standing long jump (SLJ)) in male young tennis players. Twenty players (age: 16.5 ± 0.3 years; body mass: 72.2 ± 5.5 kg; body height: 180.6 ± 4.6 cm) were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: RST (n = 10) and CG (n = 10). The training program was similar for both groups consisting of acceleration and deceleration exercises at short distances (3-4 m), and speed and agility drills. The RST group used weighted vests or elastic cords during the exercises. After 6 weeks of intervention, both training regimes resulted in small-to-moderate improvements in acceleration and sprint ability (5, 10, 20 m), SLJ and CMJ performances, COD pivoting on both, the non-dominant (moderate effect) and the dominant (small effect) foot, and the percentage of decrement (small effects) during a RSA test. Between-group comparisons showed that the SLJ (Δ = 2.0%) and 5 m sprint time (Δ = 1.1%) improved more in the RST group compared with the CG group. This study showed that 6 weeks of RST or unresisted training are time-efficient training regimes for physical improvements in young male tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Moya-Ramon
- Department of Sports Sciences, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santiago Teixeira
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis - SC, Brazil
- Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis - SC, Brazil
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez
- Spanish Tennis Federation, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de León, León Spain
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