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Wu R, Chen Z, Yu J, Lai P, Chen X, Han A, Xu M, Fan Z, Cheng B, Jiang Y, Xia J. A graph-learning based model for automatic diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome on digital pathological images: a multicentre cohort study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:748. [PMID: 39118142 PMCID: PMC11308146 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting adult females, characterized by chronic inflammation and salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. It is often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and kidney disease, which can lead to increased mortality. Early diagnosis is critical, but traditional methods for diagnosing SS, mainly through histopathological evaluation of salivary gland tissue, have limitations. METHODS The study used 100 labial gland biopsy, creating whole-slide images (WSIs) for analysis. The proposed model, named Cell-tissue-graph-based pathological image analysis model (CTG-PAM) and based on graph theory, characterizes single-cell feature, cell-cell feature, and cell-tissue feature. Building upon these features, CTG-PAM achieves cellular-level classification, enabling lymphocyte recognition. Furthermore, it leverages connected component analysis techniques in the cell graph structure to perform SS diagnosis based on lymphocyte counts. FINDINGS CTG-PAM outperforms traditional deep learning methods in diagnosing SS. Its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is 1.0 for the internal validation dataset and 0.8035 for the external test dataset. This indicates high accuracy. The sensitivity of CTG-PAM for the external dataset is 98.21%, while the accuracy is 93.75%. In comparison, the sensitivity and accuracy for traditional deep learning methods (ResNet-50) are lower. The study also shows that CTG-PAM's diagnostic accuracy is closer to skilled pathologists compared to beginners. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that CTG-PAM is a reliable method for diagnosing SS. Additionally, CTG-PAM shows promise in enhancing the prognosis of SS patients and holds significant potential for the differential diagnosis of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. The AI model potentially extends its application to diagnosing immune cells in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Wu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipei Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lai
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang X, Li N, Zhang J, Wang J, Wei Y, Yang J, Sun D, Liu L, Nian H, Wei R. AS101 regulates the Teff/Treg balance to alleviate rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis through modulating NFATc2. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109937. [PMID: 38782179 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) dry eye can cause ocular surface inflammation and lacrimal gland (LG) damage, leading to discomfort and potential vision problems. The existing treatment options for SS dry eye are currently constrained. We investigated the possible therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of AS101 in autoimmune dry eye. AS101 was injected subconjunctivally into a rabbit model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis and its therapeutic effects were determined by evaluating clinical and histological scores. The expressions of effector T cells (Teff)/regulatory T cells (Treg)-related transcription factors and cytokines, inflammation mediators, and transcription factor NFATc2 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and/or Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the role of NFATc2 in the immunomodulatory effects of AS101 on T cells was explored by co-culturing activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transfected with NFATc2 overexpression lentiviral plasmid with AS101. AS101 treatment potently ameliorated the clinical severity and reduced the inflammation of LG. Further investigation revealed that AS101 treatment led to decreased expression of Th1-related genes (T-bet and IFN-γ) and Th17-related genes (RORC, IL-17A, IL-17F, and GM-CSF) and increased expression of Treg-related gene Foxp3 in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, AS101 suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Mechanistically, AS101 downregulated the expression of NFATc2 in inflamed LGs. Overexpression of NFATc2 in activated PBLs partially blunted the effect of AS101 on Teff suppression and Treg promotion. In conclusion, AS101 is a potential regulator of Teff/Treg cell balance and could be an effective treatment agent for SS dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Yankai Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, And Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China.
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China.
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Wang YH, Li W, McDermott M, Son GY, Maiti G, Zhou F, Tao A, Raphael D, Moreira AL, Shen B, Vaeth M, Nadorp B, Chakravarti S, Lacruz RS, Feske S. Regulatory T cells and IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576314. [PMID: 38328096 PMCID: PMC10849570 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction, inflammation and destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands, and by extraglandular manifestations. Its etiology and pathophysiology remain incompletely understood, though a role for autoreactive B cells has been considered key. Here, we investigated the role of effector and regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of SjD. Methods Histological analysis, RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry were conducted on glands, lungs, eyes and lymphoid tissues of mice with regulatory T cell-specific deletion of stromal interaction proteins (STIM) 1 and 2 ( Stim1/2 Foxp3 ), which play key roles in calcium signaling and T cell function. The pathogenicity of T cells from Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice was investigated through adoptively transfer into lymphopenic host mice. Additionally, single-cell transcriptomic analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with SjD and control subjects. Results Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice develop a severe SjD-like disorder including salivary gland (SG) and lacrimal gland (LG) inflammation and dysfunction, autoantibodies and extraglandular symptoms. SG inflammation in Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice is characterized by T and B cell infiltration, and transcriptionally by a Th1 immune response that correlates strongly with the dysregulation observed in patients with SjD. Adoptive transfer of effector T cells from Stim1/2 Foxp3 mice demonstrates that the SjD-like disease is driven by interferon (IFN)-γ producing autoreactive CD4 + T cells independently of B cells and autoantiboodies. scRNA-seq analysis identifies increased Th1 responses and attenuated memory Treg function in PBMCs of patients with SjD. Conclusions We report a more accurate mouse model of SjD while providing evidence for a critical role of Treg cells and IFN-γ producing Th1 cells in the pathogenesis of SjD, which may be effective targets for therapy.
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Extracellular matrix turnover in salivary gland disorders and regenerative therapies: Obstacles and opportunities. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:693-703. [PMID: 37719063 PMCID: PMC10502366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) extracellular matrix (ECM) has a major influence on tissue development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration after injury. During aging, disease, and physical insult, normal remodeling of the SG microenvironment (i.e. ECM) becomes dysregulated, leading to alterations in matrix composition which disrupt tissue architecture/structure, alter cell activity, and negatively impact gland function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large and diverse family of metalloendopeptidases which play a major role in matrix degradation and are intimately involved in regulating development and cell function; dysregulation of these enzymes leads to the production of a fibrotic matrix. In the SG this altered fibrotic ECM (or cell microenvironment) negatively impacts normal cell function and the effectiveness of gene and stem cell therapies which serve as a foundation for many SG regenerative therapies. For this reason, prospective regenerative strategies should prioritize the maintenance and/or restoration of a healthy SG ECM. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for mitigating damage to the SG microenvironment by ameliorating inflammation, reducing fibrosis, and repairing the damaged milieu of extracellular regulatory cues, including the matrix. This review addresses our current understanding of the impact of aging and disease on the SG microenvironment and suggests critical deficiencies and opportunities in ECM-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - Olivia N. Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - David D. Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
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TERZİ Ü, ATEŞ İ. SJÖGREN SENDROMU İLE BAZI GEN POLİMORFİZMLERİ ARASINDAKİ OLASI BAĞLANTILAR. ANKARA UNIVERSITESI ECZACILIK FAKULTESI DERGISI 2023; 47:7-7. [DOI: 10.33483/jfpau.1328811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Sjögren’s syndrome is a complex and widespread autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is not fully elucidated and environmental and genetic factors affect the development of the disease. In order to reveal the effect of genetic contribution, studies have been conducted on the genes previously shown to play a role in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythromatosus. In addition, two GWAS studies were conducted to investigate the role of more genes in the disease by screening the entire genome and the relationship of previously unknown genes with SS was shown.
Result and Discussion: Studies are being conducted with spontaneous and genetically modified animal models in order to better reveal the relationship between SS and genes and to reinforce the data obtained from humans. In this study, the relationship between the genes previously studied in other autoimmune diseases and the genes associated with SS in GWAS studies and the possible pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease through related genes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü TERZİ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - İlker ATEŞ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
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6
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Jung S, Lee JS. Single-Cell Genomics for Investigating Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Diseases. Mol Cells 2023; 46:120-129. [PMID: 36859476 PMCID: PMC9982059 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technical advances have enabled unbiased transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis of each cell, known as "single-cell analysis". Single-cell analysis has a variety of technical approaches to investigate the state of each cell, including mRNA levels (transcriptome), the immune repertoire (immune repertoire analysis), cell surface proteins (surface proteome analysis), chromatin accessibility (epigenome), and accordance with genome variants (eQTLs; expression quantitative trait loci). As an effective tool for investigating robust immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many researchers performed single-cell analysis to capture the diverse, unbiased immune cell activation and differentiation. Despite challenges elucidating the complicated immune microenvironments of chronic inflammatory diseases using existing experimental methods, it is now possible to capture the simultaneous immune features of different cell types across inflamed tissues using various single-cell tools. In this review, we introduce patient-based and experimental mouse model research utilizing single-cell analyses in the field of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as multi-organ atlas targeting immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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7
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Li J, Wu L, Chen Y, Yan Z, Fu J, Luo Z, Du J, Guo L, Xu J, Liu Y. Anticeramide Improves Sjögren's Syndrome by Blocking BMP6-Induced Th1. J Dent Res 2023; 102:93-102. [PMID: 36281063 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In recent studies, the increased expression of BMP6 has been reported to be related to SS. However, the roles that BMP6 plays in immune homeostasis in the development of SS as well as the downstream signals activated by BMP6 remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of BMP6 on naive CD4+ T cells, showing that BMP6 could upregulate interferon (IFN)-γ secretion from CD4+ T cells through a ceramide/nuclear factor-κB pathway, with no effect on T-cell activation or proliferation. Moreover, an in vivo study showed that anticeramide treatment (myriocin) for an SS animal model (NOD/LtJ mice) could significantly decrease the IFN-γ expression and Th1 frequency in the salivary glands and suppress the inflammation infiltration in salivary glands and maintain the salivary flow rates, both of which reflect SS-like symptoms. This study identifies a promising target that could effectively attenuate the abnormal state of CD4+ T cells and reverse the progression of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
| | - L Wu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Y Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Z Yan
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Fu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Z Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - J Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, P.R. China
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Yoon J, Lee M, Ali AA, Oh YR, Choi YS, Kim S, Lee N, Jang SG, Park S, Chung JH, Kwok SK, Hyon JY, Cha S, Lee YJ, Im SG, Kim Y. Mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs as a pivotal mediator in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren's syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:257-269. [PMID: 36284513 PMCID: PMC9576540 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that targets the exocrine glands, resulting in impaired saliva and tear secretion. To date, type I interferons (I-IFNs) are increasingly recognized as pivotal mediators in SS, but their endogenous drivers have not been elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) in regulating I-IFNs and other glandular phenotypes of SS. We find that mt-dsRNAs are elevated in the saliva and tears of SS patients (n = 73 for saliva and n = 16 for tears) and in salivary glands of non-obese diabetic mice with salivary dysfunction. Using the in-house-developed 3D culture of immortalized human salivary gland cells, we show that stimulation by exogenous dsRNAs increase mt-dsRNAs, activate the innate immune system, trigger I-IFNs, and promote glandular phenotypes. These responses are mediated via the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Indeed, a small chemical inhibitor of JAK1 attenuates mtRNA elevation and immune activation. We further show that muscarinic receptor ligand acetylcholine ameliorates autoimmune characteristics by preventing mt-dsRNA-mediated immune activation. Last, direct suppression of mt-dsRNAs reverses the glandular phenotypes of SS. Altogether, our study underscores the significance of mt-dsRNA upregulation in the pathogenesis of SS and suggests mt-dsRNAs as propagators of a pseudo-viral signal in the SS target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rim Oh
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gwang Jang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Corresponding author Seunghee Cha, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Yun Jong Lee: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Sung Gap Im, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Yoosik Kim, KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Alexopoulou L. Nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors: Important players in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980400. [PMID: 36389822 PMCID: PMC9659959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, as well as other organ systems like the lungs, kidneys and nervous system. SS can occur alone or in combination with another autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of SS is unknown but recent studies have revealed the implication of the activation of innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mainly through the detection of endogenous nucleic acids, in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Studies on SS mouse models suggest that TLRs and especially TLR7 that detects single-stranded RNA of microbial or endogenous origin can drive the development of SS and findings in SS patients corroborate those in mouse models. In this review, we will give an overview of the function and signaling of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, the interplay of TLR7 with TLR8 and TLR9 in the context of autoimmunity, summarize the evidence for the critical role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of SS and present a possible connection between SARS-CoV-2 and SS.
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Zhu S, Liu M, Zhu F, Yu X, Wen J, Li C. Targeting EZH2 prevents the occurrence and mitigates the development of Sjögren's syndrome in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Li N, Gao Z, Zhao L, Du B, Ma B, Nian H, Wei R. MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization and Inducing Tregs via miR-100-5p. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888949. [PMID: 35874782 PMCID: PMC9298967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been increasingly proved as promising immunomodulators against some autoimmune disorders. However, the possible effect and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEVs in autoimmune dry eye have been rarely studied. Methods Small extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC-sEVs) were subconjunctivally injected to rabbit dry eye model, and their preventive or therapeutical effects were assessed by recording the clinical and histological scores. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), western blot and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of hUC-MSC-sEVs on macrophages and T regulatory cells (Tregs) both in vivo and in vitro, and the in vitro T cell proliferation was detected by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. In addition, high expression of miR-100-5p in hUC-MSC-sEVs was identified by Q-PCR, and the functional role of sEVs-miR-100-5p on macrophages was explored by a series of co-culture experiments using sEVs derived from hUC-MSCs transfected with miR-100-5p inhibitor. Results We firstly demonstrated that hUC-MSC-sEVs had the preventive and therapeutical effects on rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis, an animal model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) dry eye. Further investigation revealed that hUC-MSC-sEVs administration effectively elicited macrophages into an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and elevated the proportion of Tregs both in vivo and in vitro, which contributed to reduced inflammation and improved tissue damage. Importantly, hUC-MSC-sEVs-educated macrophages with M2-like phenotype exhibited strong capacity to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation and promote Treg generation in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-100-5p was highly enriched in hUC-MSC-sEVs, and knockdown of miR-100-5p in hUC-MSC-sEVs partially blunted the promotion of hUC-MSC-sEVs on M2 macrophage polarization and even attenuated the effect of hUC-MSC-sEVs-educated macrophages on T cell suppression and Treg expansion. Conclusion Our data indicated that hUC-MSC-sEVs alleviated autoimmune dacryoadenitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and Treg generation possibly through shuttling miR-100-5p. This study sheds new light on the application of MSC-sEVs as a promising therapeutic method for SS dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Suzuki A, Iwaya C, Ogata K, Yoshioka H, Shim J, Tanida I, Komatsu M, Tada N, Iwata J. Impaired GATE16-mediated exocytosis in exocrine tissues causes Sjögren's syndrome-like exocrinopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:307. [PMID: 35593968 PMCID: PMC11071900 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration of the exocrine glands, mainly the salivary and lacrimal glands. Despite recent advances in the clinical and mechanistic characterization of the disease, its etiology remains largely unknown. Here, we report that mice with a deficiency for either Atg7 or Atg3, which are enzymes involved in the ubiquitin modification pathway, in the salivary glands exhibit a SjS-like phenotype, characterized by immune cell infiltration with autoantibody detection, acinar cell death, and dry mouth. Prior to the onset of the SjS-like phenotype in these null mice, we detected an accumulation of secretory vesicles in the acinar cells of the salivary glands and found that GATE16, an uncharacterized autophagy-related molecule activated by ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) and ATG3 (E2-like enzyme), was highly expressed in these cells. Notably, GATE16 was activated by isoproterenol, an exocytosis inducer, and localized on the secretory vesicles in the acinar cells of the salivary glands. Failure to activate GATE16 was correlated with exocytosis defects in the acinar cells of the salivary glands in Atg7 and Atg3 cKO mice. Taken together, our results show that GATE16 activation regulated by the autophagic machinery is crucial for exocytosis and that defects in this pathway cause SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Chihiro Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Junbo Shim
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Organ and Cell Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Division of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Ages, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Pediatric Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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13
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Aubin AM, Lombard-Vadnais F, Collin R, Aliesky HA, McLachlan SM, Lesage S. The NOD Mouse Beyond Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874769. [PMID: 35572553 PMCID: PMC9102607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes arises spontaneously in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, and the pathophysiology of this disease shares many similarities with human type 1 diabetes. Since its generation in 1980, the NOD mouse, derived from the Cataract Shinogi strain, has represented the gold standard of spontaneous disease models, allowing to investigate autoimmune diabetes disease progression and susceptibility traits, as well as to test a wide array of potential treatments and therapies. Beyond autoimmune diabetes, NOD mice also exhibit polyautoimmunity, presenting with a low incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Genetic manipulation of the NOD strain has led to the generation of new mouse models facilitating the study of these and other autoimmune pathologies. For instance, following deletion of specific genes or via insertion of resistance alleles at genetic loci, NOD mice can become fully resistant to autoimmune diabetes; yet the newly generated diabetes-resistant NOD strains often show a high incidence of other autoimmune diseases. This suggests that the NOD genetic background is highly autoimmune-prone and that genetic manipulations can shift the autoimmune response from the pancreas to other organs. Overall, multiple NOD variant strains have become invaluable tools for understanding the pathophysiology of and for dissecting the genetic susceptibility of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. An interesting commonality to all autoimmune diseases developing in variant strains of the NOD mice is the presence of autoantibodies. This review will present the NOD mouse as a model for studying autoimmune diseases beyond autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Aubin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Lesage, ;
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Yu S, Wu M, Feng Y, Shen J, Lu L, Lin X. Detection of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2380:211-224. [PMID: 34802134 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the compiling studies on the autoimmune pathogenesis in the developing of Sjögren's syndrome, the functional importance of T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) was investigated, including our recent findings, among which various techniques for detecting Tfh and Tfr cells in Sjögren's syndrome have been reported. In this chapter, we describe detailed methods for the effective detection of Tfh and Tfr cells in mice with experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS), a mouse model with evident salivary hypofunction, increased serum levels of autoantibodies, and histopathological changes in the salivary glands. We provide representative detections of surface markers, cytokines, and transcription factors of Tfh and Tfr cells by flow cytometry and ELISpot assay. Moreover, a detailed protocol for detecting Tfh and Tfr cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) in ESS mice by immunofluorescence microscopy is also described. Together, these techniques of Tfh and Tfr cell detection in ESS mice may facilitate the investigation of autoimmune pathogenesis and enhance the understanding of Tfh and Tfr cell functions in the development of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Peking University 3rd Hospital, Peking University Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Mauduit O, Delcroix V, Umazume T, de Paiva CS, Dartt DA, Makarenkova HP. Spatial transcriptomics of the lacrimal gland features macrophage activity and epithelium metabolism as key alterations during chronic inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011125. [PMID: 36341342 PMCID: PMC9628215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine gland that produces the watery part of the tear film that lubricates the ocular surface. Chronic inflammation, such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS), is one of the leading causes of aqueous-deficiency dry eye (ADDE) disease worldwide. In this study we analyzed the chronic inflammation in the LGs of the NOD.B10Sn-H2b/J (NOD.H-2b) mice, a mouse model of SS, utilizing bulk RNAseq and Visium spatial gene expression. With Seurat we performed unsupervised clustering and analyzed the spatial cell distribution and gene expression changes in all cell clusters within the LG sections. Moreover, for the first time, we analyzed and validated specific pathways defined by bulk RNAseq using Visium technology to determine activation of these pathways within the LG sections. This analysis suggests that altered metabolism and the hallmarks of inflammatory responses from both epithelial and immune cells drive inflammation. The most significant pathway enriched in upregulated DEGs was the "TYROBP Causal Network", that has not been described previously in SS. We also noted a significant decrease in lipid metabolism in the LG of the NOD.H-2b mice. Our data suggests that modulation of these pathways can provide a therapeutic strategy to treat ADDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- The Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Park Y, Kwok SK. Recent Advances in Cell Therapeutics for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e10. [PMID: 35291648 PMCID: PMC8901702 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases arise from loss of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis between effector and regulator functions. There are many therapeutic modalities for autoimmune diseases ranging from conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants exerting nonspecific immune suppression to targeted agents including biologic agents and small molecule inhibitors aiming at specific cytokines and intracellular signal pathways. However, such current therapeutic strategies can rarely induce recovery of immune tolerance in autoimmune disease patients. To overcome limitations of conventional treatment modalities, novel approaches using specific cell populations with immune-regulatory properties have been attempted to attenuate autoimmunity. Recently progressed biotechnologies enable sufficient in vitro expansion and proper manipulation of such ‘tolerogenic’ cell populations to be considered for clinical application. We introduce 3 representative cell types with immunosuppressive features, including mesenchymal stromal cells, Tregs, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Their cellular definitions, characteristics, mechanisms of immune regulation, and recent data about preclinical and clinical studies in systemic autoimmune diseases are reviewed here. Challenges and limitations of each cell therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Gupta S, Li D, Ostrov DA, Nguyen CQ. Blocking IAg 7 class II major histocompatibility complex by drug-like small molecules alleviated Sjögren's syndrome in NOD mice. Life Sci 2022; 288:120182. [PMID: 34843735 PMCID: PMC8883604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disease with a strong genetic association. To date, no vaccine or therapeutic agent exists to cure SjS, and patients must rely on lifelong therapies to treat symptoms. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are primary susceptibility loci that form the genetic basis for many autoimmune diseases, including SjS. In this study, we sought to determine whether blocking MHC class II IAg7 antigen presentation in the NOD mouse would alleviate SjS by preventing the recognition of autoantigens by pathogenic T cells. METHODS Mapping of the antigenic epitopes of Ro60 autoantigen to IAg7 of the NOD mice was performed using structural modeling and in-vitro stimulation. Tetraazatricyclo-dodecane (TATD) and 8-Azaguanine (8-Aza) were previously identified as potential binders to IAg7 of the NOD mice using in silico drug screening. Mice were treated with 20mgs/kg via IP every day five days/week for 23 weeks. Disease profiling was conducted. FINDINGS Specific peptides of Ro60 autoantigen were identified to bind to IAg7 and stimulated splenocytes of the NOD mice. Treating NOD mice with TATD or 8-Azaguanine alleviated SjS symptoms by improving salivary and lacrimal gland secretory function, decreasing the levels of autoantibodies, and reducing the severity of lymphocytic infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands. INTERPRETATION This study presents a novel therapeutic approach for SjS by identifying small molecules capable of inhibiting T cell response via antigen-specific presentation. FUNDING CQN is supported financially in part by PHS grants AI130561, DE026450, and DE028544 from the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivai Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danmeng Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David A Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center of Orphaned Autoimmune Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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18
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MBD2 acts as a repressor to maintain the homeostasis of the Th1 program in type 1 diabetes by regulating the STAT1-IFN-γ axis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:218-229. [PMID: 34420035 PMCID: PMC8738722 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2) interprets DNA methylome-encoded information through binding to the methylated CpG DNA, by which it regulates target gene expression at the transcriptional level. Although derailed DNA methylation has long been recognized to trigger or promote autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the exact role of MBD2 in T1D pathogenesis, however, remains poorly defined. Herein, we generated an Mbd2 knockout model in the NOD background and found that Mbd2 deficiency exacerbated the development of spontaneous T1D in NOD mice. Adoptive transfer of Mbd2-/- CD4 T cells into NOD.scid mice further confirmed the observation. Mechanistically, Th1 stimulation rendered the Stat1 promoter to undergo a DNA methylation turnover featured by the changes of DNA methylation levels or patterns along with the induction of MBD2 expression, which then bound to the methylated CpG DNA within the Stat1 promoter, by which MBD2 maintains the homeostasis of Th1 program to prevent autoimmunity. As a result, ectopic MBD2 expression alleviated CD4 T cell diabetogenicity following their adoptive transfer into NOD.scid mice. Collectively, our data suggest that MBD2 could be a viable target to develop epigenetic-based therapeutics against T1D in clinical settings.
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Killian M, Colaone F, Haumont P, Nicco C, Cerles O, Chouzenoux S, Cathébras P, Rochereau N, Chanut B, Thomas M, Laroche N, Forest F, Grouard-Vogel G, Batteux F, Paul S. Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Interferon α Vaccination on SjS-Related Features in the MRL/lpr Autoimmune Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666134. [PMID: 34867938 PMCID: PMC8635808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a frequent systemic autoimmune disease responsible for a major decrease in patients’ quality of life, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions while facing an unmet therapeutic need. Hence, we assessed the immunogenicity, efficacy, and tolerance of IFN-Kinoid (IFN-K), an anti-IFNα vaccination strategy, in a well-known mouse model of systemic autoimmunity with SjS-like features: MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. Two cohorts (with ISA51 or SWE01 as adjuvants) of 26 female MRL/lpr were divided in parallel groups, “controls” (not treated, PBS and Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KLH] groups) or “IFN-K” and followed up for 122 days. Eight-week-old mice received intra-muscular injections (days 0, 7, 28, 56 and 84) of PBS, KLH or IFN-K, emulsified in the appropriate adjuvant, and blood samples were serially collected. At sacrifice, surviving mice were euthanized and their organs were harvested for histopathological analysis (focus score in salivary/lacrimal glands) and IFN signature evaluation. SjS-like features were monitored. IFN-K induced a disease-modifying polyclonal anti-IFNα antibody response in all treated mice with high IFNα neutralization capacities, type 1 IFN signature’s reduction and disease features’ (ocular and oral sicca syndrome, neuropathy, focus score, glandular production of BAFF) improvement, as reflected by the decrease in Murine Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (MuSSDAI) modelled on EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI). No adverse effects were observed. We herein report on the strong efficacy of an innovative anti-IFNα vaccination strategy in a mouse model of SjS, paving the way for further clinical development (a phase IIb trial has just been completed in systemic lupus erythematosus with promising results).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Killian
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Carole Nicco
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cerles
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Cathébras
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mireille Thomas
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1059-Sainbiose, Université de Lyon, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1059-Sainbiose, Université de Lyon, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Frédéric Batteux
- Team Stress Oxydant, Prolifération Cellulaire et Inflammation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR530, Saint-Etienne, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Paul,
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Rahman MM, Kim DH, Park CK, Kim YH. Experimental Models, Induction Protocols, and Measured Parameters in Dry Eye Disease: Focusing on Practical Implications for Experimental Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12102. [PMID: 34830010 PMCID: PMC8622350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the major ophthalmological healthcare challenges worldwide. DED is a multifactorial disease characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and its main pathogenesis is chronic ocular surface inflammation related with various cellular and molecular signaling cascades. The animal model is a reliable and effective tool for understanding the various pathological mechanisms and molecular cascades in DED. Considerable experimental research has focused on developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DED. Several experimental models of DED have been developed, and different animal species such as rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, and primates have been used for these models. Although the basic mechanisms of DED in animals are nearly identical to those in humans, proper knowledge about the induction of animal models is necessary to obtain better and more reliable results. Various experimental models (in vitro and in vivo DED models) were briefly discussed in this review, along with pathologic features, analytical approaches, and common measurements, which will help investigators to use the appropriate cell lines, animal, methods, and evaluation parameters depending on their study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Castañeda J, Hidalgo Y, Sauma D, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR, Núñez S. The Multifaceted Roles of B Cells in the Thymus: From Immune Tolerance to Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766698. [PMID: 34790201 PMCID: PMC8591215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is home to a significant number of resident B cells which possess several unique characteristics regarding their origin, phenotype and function. Evidence shows that they originate both from precursors that mature intrathymically and as the entry of recirculating mature B cells. Under steady-state conditions they exhibit hallmark signatures of activated B cells, undergo immunoglobulin class-switch, and express the Aire transcription factor. These features are imprinted within the thymus and enable B cells to act as specialized antigen-presenting cells in the thymic medulla that contribute negative selection of self-reactive T cells. Though, most studies have focused on B cells located in the medulla, a second contingent of B cells is also present in non-epithelial perivascular spaces of the thymus. This latter group of B cells, which includes memory B cells and plasma cells, is not readily detected in the thymus of infants or young mice but gradually accumulates during normal aging. Remarkably, in many autoimmune diseases the thymus suffers severe structural atrophy and infiltration of B cells in the perivascular spaces, which organize into follicles similar to those typically found in secondary lymphoid organs. This review provides an overview of the pathways involved in thymic B cell origin and presents an integrated view of both thymic medullary and perivascular B cells and their respective physiological and pathological roles in central tolerance and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castañeda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- Cells for cells-Consorcio Regenero, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Duan Y, Miao M, Huang B, Chen J, Cheng G, Zhou X, Jin Y, He J, Li Z, So KF. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome in a Murine Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001118. [PMID: 33825332 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS AND RESULTS Non-obese diabetic mice (the pSS model) are randomly divided into four groups: Low dose LBP (LBP.L, 5 mg kg-1 d-1 ), high dose LBP (10 mg kg-1 d-1 ), low dose interleukin (IL)-2 (25 000 IU/d), and control (saline water). Drugs were treated for 12 weeks. LBP.L significantly reduces the salivary gland inflammation compared with the control group (histological score p LBP.L vs Control = 0.019; foci number: p LBP.L vs Control = 0.038). LBP.L also remarkably reduces the effector follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the CD4+ IL-17A+ helper T (Th17) cells in both spleen and cervical lymph node (cLN) cells. Additionally, the ratios of regulatory T cell (Treg)/Tfh cells and Treg/Th17 cells are substantially increased in mice treated with LBP.L in both spleen and cLNs. LBP also inhibits Th17 and Tfh cells and markedly increases the Treg/Tfh ratio in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION LBP.L inhibits the progression of pSS in mice, associated with modulation of T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Research Institute and Department of Interventional Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebo Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Akgul A, Maddaloni M, Jun SM, Nelson AS, Odreman VA, Hoffman C, Bhagyaraj E, Voigt A, Abbott JR, Nguyen CQ, Pascual DW. Stimulation of regulatory T cells with Lactococcus lactis expressing enterotoxigenic E. coli colonization factor antigen 1 retains salivary flow in a genetic model of Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:99. [PMID: 33823920 PMCID: PMC8022426 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), one of the most common autoimmune diseases, impacts millions of people annually. SjS results from autoimmune attack on exocrine (salivary and lacrimal) glands, and women are nine times more likely to be affected than men. To date, no vaccine or therapeutic exists to treat SjS, and patients must rely on lifelong therapies to alleviate symptoms. METHODS Oral treatment with the adhesin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae protects against several autoimmune diseases in an antigen (Ag)-independent manner. Lactococcus lactis, which was recently adapted to express CFA/I fimbriae (LL-CFA/I), effectively suppresses inflammation by the induction of infectious tolerance via Ag-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs), that produce IL-10 and TGF-β. To test the hypothesis that CFA/I fimbriae can offset the development of inflammatory T cells via Treg induction, oral treatments with LL-CFA/I were performed on the spontaneous, genetically defined model for SjS, C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice to maintain salivary flow. RESULTS Six-week (wk)-old C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice were orally dosed with LL-CFA/I and treated every 3 wks; control groups were given L. lactis vector or PBS. LL-CFA/I-treated mice retained salivary flow up to 28 wks of age and showed significantly reduced incidence of inflammatory infiltration into the submandibular and lacrimal glands relative to PBS-treated mice. A significant increase in Foxp3+ and IL-10- and TGF-β-producing Tregs was observed. Moreover, LL-CFA/I significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-17, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from LL-CFA/I-treated, not LL vector-treated mice, restored salivary flow in diseased SjS mice. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that oral LL-CFA/I reduce or halts SjS progression, and these studies will provide the basis for future testing in SjS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akgul
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Massimo Maddaloni
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Sang Mu Jun
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Vanessa Aguilera Odreman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Abbott
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States.
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Studying Sjögren's syndrome in mice: What is the best available model? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:245-255. [PMID: 33665074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands. The disease manifests primarily in the salivary and lacrimal glands, but other organs are also involved, leading to dry mouth, dry eyes, and other extra-glandular manifestations. Studying the disease in humans is entailed with many limitations and restrictions; therefore, the need for a proper mouse model is mandatory. SS mouse models are categorized, depending on the disease emergence into spontaneous or experimentally manipulated models. The usefulness of each mouse model varies depending on the SS features exhibited by that model; each SS model has advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In this review article, we list all the available murine models which have been used to study SS and we comment on the characteristics exhibited by each mouse model to assist scientists to select the appropriate model for their specific studies. We also recommend a murine strain that is the most relevant to the ideal SS model, based on our experience acquired during previous and current investigations.
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25
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Zhang J, Hodges A, Chen SH, Pan PY. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as cellular immunotherapy in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Cell Immunol 2021; 362:104300. [PMID: 33582607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, which have been characterized for their immunosuppressive capacity through multiple mechanisms. These cells have been extensively studied in the field of tumor immunity. Emerging evidence has highlighted its essential role in maintaining immune tolerance in transplantation and autoimmunity. Because of their robust immune inhibitory activities, there has been growing interest in MDSC-based cellular therapy. Various pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of MDCS represented a promising therapeutic strategy for immune-related disorders. In this review, we summarize relevant studies of MDSC-based cell therapy in transplantation and autoimmune diseases and discuss the challenges and future directions for clinical application of MDSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilu Zhang
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Alan Hodges
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Cancer Center of Excellence, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States.
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Soyfoo MS, Nicaise C. Pathophysiologic role of Interleukin-33/ST2 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102756. [PMID: 33476812 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family and has dual functions as a nuclear factor as well as a cytokine. The pivotal role of IL-33 as an active player contributing to aberrant local and systemic damage has been highlighted in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and mouth syndrome due to local dysfunctions of exocrine glands, but also accompanied with systemic manifestations. The pathophysiology of pSS has been advocated as a conjecture of activated B and T cells as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies, driving epithelial tissue damage and disease progression. In pSS, IL-33 is released in the extracellular space from damaged salivary cells upon pro-inflammatory stimuli and/or dysfunction of epithelial barrier. Counter-regulatory mechanisms are initiated to limit the pro-inflammatory actions of IL-33 as portrayed by an increase in the decoy receptor for IL-33, the soluble form of ST2 (sST2). In pSS and associated diseases, the levels of IL-33 are significantly elevated in the serum or tears of patients. Mechanistically, IL-33 acts in synergy with IL-12 and IL-23 on NK and NKT cells to boost the production of IFN-γ contributing to inflammation. TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in turn further increase the activation of IL-33/ST2 pathway, thereby constituting a vicious inflammatory loop leading to disease exacerbation. IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in Sjögren's syndrome and opens new perspectives as therapeutic target of one of the culprits in the inflammatory perpetuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Soyfoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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27
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Debreceni IL, Chimenti MS, Serreze DV, Geurts AM, Chen YG, Lieberman SM. Toll-Like Receptor 7 Is Required for Lacrimal Gland Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes Development in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9478. [PMID: 33322152 PMCID: PMC7764018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an immunologically complex, chronic autoimmune disease targeting lacrimal and salivary glands. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop inflammation of lacrimal and salivary glands with histopathological features similar to SS in humans including focal lymphocytic infiltrates in the affected glands. The innate immune signals driving lymphocytic infiltration of these glands are not well-defined. Here we evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 in the development of SS-like manifestations in NOD mice. We created a Tlr7 knockout NOD mouse strain and performed histological and gene expression studies to characterize the effects of TLR7 on autoimmunity development. TLR7 was required for male-specific lacrimal gland inflammation but not for female-specific salivary gland inflammation. Moreover, TLR7 was required for type 1 diabetes development in male but not female NOD mice. RNA sequencing demonstrated that TLR7 was associated with a type I interferon (IFN) response and a type I IFN-independent B cell response in the lacrimal glands. Together these studies identify a previously unappreciated pathogenic role for TLR7 in lacrimal gland autoimmunity and T1D development in male NOD mice adding to the growing body of evidence supporting sex differences in mechanisms of autoimmune disease in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L. Debreceni
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael S. Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | | | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott M. Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Efraim Y, Chen FYT, Stashko C, Cheong KN, Gaylord E, McNamara N, Knox SM. Alterations in corneal biomechanics underlie early stages of autoimmune-mediated dry eye disease. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102500. [PMID: 32565048 PMCID: PMC8269964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune-mediated dry eye disease is a pathological feature of multiple disorders including Sjögren's syndrome, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis that has a life-long, detrimental impact on vision and overall quality of life. Although late stage disease outcomes such as epithelial barrier dysfunction, reduced corneal innervation and chronic inflammation have been well characterized in both human patients and mouse models, there is little to no understanding of early pathological processes. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the loss of cornea homeostasis and disease progression are unknown. Here, we utilize the autoimmune regulatory (Aire)-deficient mouse model of autoimmune-mediated dry eye disease in combination with genome wide transcriptomics, high-resolution imaging and atomic force microscopy to reveal a potential extracellular matrix (ECM)-biomechanical-based mechanism driving cellular and morphological changes at early disease onset. Early disease in the Aire-deficient mouse model is associated with a mild reduction in tear production and moderate immune cell infiltration, allowing for interrogation of cellular, molecular and biomechanical changes largely independent of chronic inflammation. Using these tools, we demonstrate for the first time that the emergence of autoimmune-mediated dry eye disease is associated with an alteration in the biomechanical properties of the cornea. We reveal a dramatic disruption of the synthesis and organization of the extracellular matrix as well as degradation of the epithelial basement membrane during early disease. Notably, we provide evidence that the nerve supply to the cornea is severely reduced at early disease stages and that this is independent of basement membrane destruction or significant immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, diseased corneas display spatial heterogeneity in mechanical, structural and compositional changes, with the limbal compartment often exhibiting the opposite response compared to the central cornea. Despite these differences, however, epithelial hyperplasia is apparent in both compartments, possibly driven by increased activation of IL-1R1 and YAP signaling pathways. Thus, we reveal novel perturbations in corneal biomechanics, matrix organization and cell behavior during the early phase of dry eye that may underlie disease development and progression, presenting new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Efraim
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Feeling Yu Ting Chen
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Connor Stashko
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ka Neng Cheong
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Eliza Gaylord
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nancy McNamara
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Bagavant H, Michrowska A, Deshmukh US. The NZB/W F1 mouse model for Sjögren's syndrome: A historical perspective and lessons learned. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102686. [PMID: 33131691 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic rheumatic autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organ systems. The clinical findings in SS patients show considerable heterogeneity and overlap with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, the autoimmune response in SS initiates several years before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Thus, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the disease process have been a challenge. Several animal model systems of SS-like disease have been developed to overcome these issues. The New Zealand Black (NZB) x New Zealand White (NZW) F1 (NZB/W F1) mouse represents the first spontaneous mouse model of SS. In this review, we provide a historical perspective and detailed description of this mouse model focusing on exocrine gland histopathology, autoantibody populations, and glandular dysfunction. Considering that NZB/W F1 mice also develop a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease, this mouse model mimics the clinical presentation of polyautoimmunity seen in a sizable subset of SS patients. It is plausible that such patients will require distinct therapeutic interventions necessary to treat both SLE and SS. Therefore, the NZB/W F1 mouse is a powerful tool to decipher pathogenic mechanisms involved in SS related polyautoimmunity and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aleksandra Michrowska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Umesh S Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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B7-H4 Inhibits the Development of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome by Regulating Treg Differentiation in NOD/Ltj Mice. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:4896727. [PMID: 33062721 PMCID: PMC7537676 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4896727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is aimed at exploring the role of B7-H4 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in NOD/Ltj mouse. Methods B7-H4 expression in salivary glands was examined by IHC, and lymphocyte infiltration was showed by H&E. Next, anti-B7-H4 mAb or immunoglobulin isotype was injected into NOD/Ltj mice. Cytokine levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA. T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Last, we treated NOD/Ltj mice with B7-H4Ig and control Ig. CD4+Foxp3+ T cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Two-tailed Student's t-tests were used to detect the statistical difference in various measures between the two groups. Results B7-H4 expression was remarkably reduced in salivary glands of NOD/Ltj mice at 15 weeks compared with the NOD/Ltj mice at 8 weeks. Anti-B7-H4 mAb treatment increased lymphocyte infiltration in salivary glands. Inflammatory cytokines including IL-12, IL-18, IL-1α, TNF-α, IFN-α, and BAFF were upregulated markedly in anti-B7-H4 mAb-treated mice compared to IgG isotype-treated mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that anti-B7-H4 mAb-treated mice had lower levels of CD4+Foxp3+/CD4+ T cells in spleen. Moreover, Foxp3 mRNA levels of salivary glands were diminished in anti-B7-H4 mAb-treated mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that anti-B7-H4 mAb inhibited CD4+Foxp3+/CD4+ T cell production, while B7-H4Ig would promote naïve CD4+ T into Treg differentiation. Administration with B7-H4Ig displayed significantly decreased lymphocyte infiltration in salivary glands and low levels of total IgM and IgG in serum. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines in salivary glands after B7-H4Ig treatment revealed that the mRNA levels of IL-12, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1α, TNF-α, and IFN-α were significantly downregulated in B7-H4Ig-treated mice compared to control Ig treatment. B7-H4Ig-treated mice had significantly higher levels of CD4+Foxp3+/CD4+ T cells in spleen. IHC in salivary gland revealed that CD4+Foxp3+ T cells of B7-H4Ig treatment mouse were more than control Ig treatment. Conclusions Our findings implicate that B7-H4 has a protective role for salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) and therapeutic potential in the treatment of pSS.
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Qi J, Tang X, Li W, Chen W, Yao G, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs via COX2/PGE2 in experimental sialadenitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32727564 PMCID: PMC7391592 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regulate innate and adaptive immune systems through interacting with immune cells directly and secreting multiple soluble factors. Due to their immunosuppressive properties, MSC transplantation has been applied to treat many clinical and experimental autoimmune diseases. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms by which MSCs regulate myeloid cells in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) still remain elusive. Methods The number and immune-suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) were determined in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with sialadenitis and in NOD mice with human umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) transplantation. Bone marrow cells were cultured with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) for 4 days. The number and immune-suppressive gene of MDSCs were detected by flow cytometry or qRT-PCR. Results The results showed that the number of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs was higher and M-MDSCs were lower in NOD mice with sialadenitis. UC-MSCs ameliorated SS-like syndrome by reducing MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs, and M-MDSCs and promoting the suppressive ability of MDSCs significantly in NOD mice. UC-MSCs inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs enhanced the suppressive ability of MDSCs in vitro. Mechanistically, MSCs inhibited the differentiation of MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs via secreting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibited the differentiation of M-MDSCs through secreting interferon-β (IFN-β). Conclusions Our findings suggested that MSCs alleviated SS-like symptoms by suppressing the aberrant accumulation and improving the suppressive function of MDSCs in NOD mice with sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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UBASH3A deficiency accelerates type 1 diabetes development and enhances salivary gland inflammation in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12019. [PMID: 32694640 PMCID: PMC7374577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genetic analyses have significantly refined human type 1 diabetes (T1D) associated loci. The goal of such effort is to identify the causal genes and have a complete understanding of the molecular pathways that independently or interactively influence cellular processes leading to the destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β cells. UBASH3A has been suggested as the underlying gene for a human T1D associated region on chromosome 21. To further evaluate the role of UBASH3A in T1D, we targeted Ubash3a in NOD mice using zinc-finger nuclease mediated mutagenesis. In both 10-week-old females and males, significantly more advanced insulitis was observed in UBASH3A-deficient than in wild-type NOD mice. Consistently, UBASH3A-deficient NOD mice developed accelerated T1D in both sexes, which was associated with increased accumulation of β-cell autoreactive T cells in the spleen and pancreatic lymph node. Adoptive transfer of splenic T cells into NOD.Rag1-/- mice demonstrated that UBASH3A deficiency in T cells was sufficient to promote T1D development. Our results provide strong evidence to further support a role of UBASH3A in T1D. In addition to T1D, UBASH3A deficiency also promoted salivary gland inflammation in females, demonstrating its broad impact on autoimmunity.
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mouse Models of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32695097 PMCID: PMC7338666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex rheumatoid disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eye). SS is characterized by autoantibodies, infiltration into exocrine glands, and ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular epithelial cells. In contrast to the well-characterized clinical and immunological features, the etiology and pathogenesis of SS remain largely unknown. Animal models are powerful research tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of human diseases. To date, many mouse models of SS, including induced models, in which disease is induced in mice, and genetic models, in which mice spontaneously develop SS-like disease, have been established. These mouse models have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of experimental SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Hu L, Xu J, Wu T, Fan Z, Sun L, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Ding Y, Wang S. Depletion of ID3 enhances mesenchymal stem cells therapy by targeting BMP4 in Sjögren's syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32139667 PMCID: PMC7058624 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantation has been used to treat Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) based on the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs. However, the effectiveness need improving and its underlying intrinsic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Id3 is upregulated in bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) isolated from NOD/ShiLtJ mice, a widely used SS model, compared with ICR mice as control, suggesting that it functions in SS development and therapy. Transplantation of Id3-deficient BMMSCs rescues salivary gland function more effective than wild-type BMMSCs in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Mechanistically, we show that ID3 negatively regulated BMP4 expression by preventing binding of basic helix–loop–helix protein E2A to the promoter of the Bmp4 gene. BMP4 in turn promoted PGE2 production in MSCs, and exhibited enhanced suppressive activities of T-cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation. Importantly, BMMSCs from SS patients showed significantly lower BMP4 and PGE2 expression than those from healthy individuals. Taken together, our findings revealed the targeting Id3 may be therapeutically useful for improving MSC immunoregulation and effectiveness of MSCs therapy for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junji Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tingting Wu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Fortune Link Triones (Beijing) Scitech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Yin H, Kalra L, Lai Z, Guimaro MC, Aber L, Warner BM, Michael D, Zhang N, Cabrera-Perez J, Karim A, Swaim WD, Afione S, Voigt A, Nguyen CQ, Yu PB, Bloch DB, Chiorini JA. Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein 6 receptors ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2967. [PMID: 32076051 PMCID: PMC7031521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, with only palliative treatments available. Recent work has suggested that increased bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) expression could alter cell signaling in the salivary gland (SG) and result in the associated salivary hypofunction. We examined the prevalence of elevated BMP6 expression in a large cohort of pSS patients and tested the therapeutic efficacy of BMP signaling inhibitors in two pSS animal models. Increased BMP6 expression was found in the SGs of 54% of pSS patients, and this increased expression was correlated with low unstimulated whole saliva flow rate. In mouse models of SS, inhibition of BMP6 signaling reduced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 in the mouse submandibular glands, and led to a recovery of SG function and a decrease in inflammatory markers in the mice. The recovery of SG function after inhibition of BMP6 signaling suggests cellular plasticity within the salivary gland and a possibility for therapeutic intervention that can reverse the loss of function in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Yin
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lovika Kalra
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhennan Lai
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria C Guimaro
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Aber
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M Warner
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drew Michael
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Javier Cabrera-Perez
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arif Karim
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D Swaim
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Afione
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul B Yu
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Liu Y, Li C, Wang S, Guo J, Guo J, Fu J, Ren L, An Y, He J, Li Z. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells confer potent immunosuppressive effects in Sjögren's syndrome by inducing regulatory T cells. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:186-196. [PMID: 31859545 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1707996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a lymphoproliferative disease with a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration of notably the lacrimal and salivary glands. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate series of immunological responses partially by regulating proportion of CD4+ T cells and inducing an immunosuppressive local milieu, umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) are being considered as a novel source for cell-based therapies against primary SS. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of UC-MSCs in treatment of SS and to explore the possible mechanism(s) with the special emphasis on regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS Potent immunosuppressive effects of human UC-MSCs on SS were explored in vivo and in vitro. To study the effects of human UC-MSCs on the development and progression of SS, human UC-MSCs were administered before disease onset (preventive protocol) and after disease occurrence (therapeutic protocol) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In human study, the effect of human UC-MSCs on T cells from SS patients was studied. RESULTS In both protocols, the histopathology of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands showed decreased inflammatory infiltrates. In vitro, human UC-MSCs exhibited potent suppressive effects on responses of MNCs in NOD mice and T cells in SS patients. Such inhibitory effects were coupled with decreased production of proinflammtory cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and increased production of IL-10 (n = 10, p < .01). The frequency of CD4+Foxp3+T cells in the spleen of NOD recipients was elevated (n = 6, p < .05). CONCLUSION Human UC-MSCs are capable of inducing CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in both NOD mice and human in vitro. Human UC-MSCs effectively interfere with the autoimmune attack in the course of SS by inducing an in vivo state of T cell unresponsiveness and the upregulation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Limin Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Lu X, Li N, Zhao L, Guo D, Yi H, Yang L, Liu X, Sun D, Nian H, Wei R. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate ongoing autoimmune dacryoadenitis in rabbits via polarizing macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Exp Eye Res 2019; 191:107905. [PMID: 31891674 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit beneficial effects on autoimmune dacryoadenitis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis, an animal model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) dry eye, and explored whether the effects of MSCs were related to their modulation on macrophage polarization. We have showed that systemic infusion of hUC-MSCs after disease onset efficiently diminished the chronic inflammation in diseased LGs and improved the clinical symptoms. Further analysis revealed that hUC-MSC treatment significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage markers iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6, and promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers Arg1, CD206, IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-β in LGs. Mechanistically, hUC-MSCs activated AKT pathway in macrophages, resulting in upregulation of M2-associated molecule Arg1, which was partly abolished by PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. Together, our data indicated that hUC-MSCs can skew macrophages into an M2 phenotype via affecting AKT pathway. These data may provide a new insight into the mechanisms of hUC-MSCs in the therapy of SS dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory of the Eastern Division, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, And Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Min HK, Moon SJ, Park KS, Kim KJ. Integrated systems analysis of salivary gland transcriptomics reveals key molecular networks in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:294. [PMID: 31856901 PMCID: PMC6921432 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a clinical challenge with high unmet needs. Gene expression profiling and integrative network-based approaches to complex disease can offer an insight on molecular characteristics in the context of clinical setting. Methods An integrated dataset was created from salivary gland samples of 30 SjS patients. Pathway-driven enrichment profiles made by gene set enrichment analysis were categorized using hierarchical clustering. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to functional network analysis, where the elements of the core subnetwork were used for key driver analysis. Results We identified 310 upregulated DEGs, including nine known genetic risk factors and two potential biomarkers. The core subnetwork was enriched with the processes associated with B cell hyperactivity. Pathway-based subgrouping revealed two clusters with distinct molecular signatures for the relevant pathways and cell subsets. Cluster 2, with low-grade inflammation, showed a better response to rituximab therapy than cluster 1, with high-grade inflammation. Fourteen key driver genes appeared to be essential signaling mediators downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and to have a positive relationship with histopathology scores. Conclusion Integrative network-based approaches provide deep insights into the modules and pathways causally related to SjS and allow identification of key targets for disease. Intervention adjusted to the molecular traits of the disease would allow the achievement of better outcomes, and the BCR signaling pathway and its leading players are promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Su Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ciecko AE, Foda B, Barr JY, Ramanathan S, Atkinson MA, Serreze DV, Geurts AM, Lieberman SM, Chen YG. Interleukin-27 Is Essential for Type 1 Diabetes Development and Sjögren Syndrome-like Inflammation. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3073-3086.e5. [PMID: 31801074 PMCID: PMC6914223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies implicate interleukin-27 (IL-27) in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To further define the role of IL-27 in T1D, we generated non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice deficient in IL-27 or IL-27Rα. In contrast to wild-type NOD mice, both NOD.Il27-/- and NOD.Il27ra-/- strains are completely resistant to T1D. IL-27 from myeloid cells and IL-27 signaling in T cells are critical for T1D development. IL-27 directly alters the balance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 1 (Th1) cells in pancreatic islets, which in turn modulates the diabetogenic activity of CD8 T cells. IL-27 also directly enhances the effector function of CD8 T cells within pancreatic islets. In addition to T1D, IL-27 signaling in T cells is also required for lacrimal and salivary gland inflammation in NOD mice. Our study reveals that IL-27 contributes to autoimmunity in NOD mice through multiple mechanisms and provides substantial evidence to support its pathogenic role in human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Ciecko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Bardees Foda
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Jennifer Y Barr
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David V Serreze
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott M Lieberman
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Chaperones may cause the focus of diabetes autoimmunity on distinct (pro)insulin peptides. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102304. [PMID: 31327552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is still an enigma why T cell autoreactivity in type 1 diabetes targets few beta cell antigens only. Among these, one primary autoantigen is pro(insulin). Autoimmune T cells preferentially recognise three epitopes on the proinsulin molecule, of which the peptide region B:11-23 is the dominant one. Interestingly, the three regions superimpose with binding sites of the chaperone hsp70, the region B:11-23 being the strongest binding one. Absence of an intact core region B:15-17 prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD as well as binding of hsp70. A role of hsp70 in selecting autoimmune epitopes is supported by the ability of this and other chaperones to deliver bound peptides to MHC class I and II molecules for efficient antigen presentation. Binding of hsp70 to receptors on antigen presenting cells such as TLR4 results in costimulatory signals for T cell activation. Strongest effects are seen for the mixture of hsp70 with the peptide B:11-23. Thus, hsp70 may assist in proinsulin epitope selection and efficient presentation to autoreactive T cells. The concept of chaperone guided immune reactivity may also apply to other autoimmune diseases.
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Simsek C, Kojima T, Nagata T, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Changes in Murine Subbasal Corneal Nerves After Scopolamine-Induced Dry Eye Stress Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:615-623. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeko Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Murat Dogru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Current and Emerging Evidence for Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Sjögren's Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1246818. [PMID: 30671484 PMCID: PMC6317121 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1246818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is well established in many autoimmune diseases, the role of TLR activation in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is poorly understood. Studies in mice and humans reveal that TLRs are potent mediators of inflammation in SS. TLRs are expressed and functional in salivary tissue, and TLRs in peripheral blood cells of SS patients are also upregulated and hyperresponsive to ligation. In this review, we will detail observations in mouse models regarding the importance of TLR activation in both local and systemic disease. We will then discuss studies in SS patients that provide evidence of the importance of TLR-mediated signaling in disease. While the ligands that activate TLRs in the context of SS are unknown, emerging data suggest that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may be significant drivers of the chronic and unremitting inflammation that is characteristic of SS. We will discuss putative DAMPs that may be of clinical significance in disease. Therapies that target TLR signaling cascades will likely reduce both exocrine-specific and systemic manifestations of SS.
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Ju Y, Janga SR, Klinngam W, MacKay JA, Hawley D, Zoukhri D, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. NOD and NOR mice exhibit comparable development of lacrimal gland secretory dysfunction but NOD mice have more severe autoimmune dacryoadenitis. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:243-251. [PMID: 30201519 PMCID: PMC6215720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The male Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse is an established model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis characteristic of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), but development of diabetes may complicate studies. The Non-Obese Diabetes Resistant (NOR) mouse is a MHC-II matched diabetes-resistant alternative, but development of autoimmune dacryoadenitis is not well-characterized. We compare features of SS in male NOD and NOR mice at 12 and 20 weeks. Stimulated tear secretion was decreased in 12 week NOD relative to BALB/c mice (p < 0.05), while by 20 weeks both NOD and NOR showed decreased stimulated tear secretion relative to BALB/c mice (p < 0.001). Tear CTSS activity was elevated in NOD and NOR relative to BALB/c mice (p < 0.05) at 12 and 20 weeks. While NOD and NOR lacrimal glands (LG) showed increased LG lymphocytic infiltration at 12 and 20 weeks relative to BALB/c mouse LG (p < 0.05), the percentage in NOD was higher relative to NOR at each age (p < 0.05). Gene expression of CTSS, MHC II and IFN-γ in LG were significantly increased in NOD but not NOR relative to BALB/c at 12 and 20 weeks. Redistribution of the secretory effector, Rab3D in acinar cells was observed at both time points in NOD and NOR, but thinning of myoepithelial cells at 12 weeks in NOD and NOR mice was restored by 20 weeks in NOR mice. NOD and NOR mice share features of SS-like autoimmune dacryoadenitis, suggesting common disease etiology. Other findings suggest more pronounced lymphocytic infiltration in NOD mouse LG including increased pro-inflammatory factors that may be unique to this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Srikanth Reddy Janga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wannita Klinngam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dillon Hawley
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria C Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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44
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Involvement of Aquaporins in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113392. [PMID: 30380700 PMCID: PMC6274940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in diminished production of saliva and tears. The pathophysiology of SS has not yet been fully deciphered. Classically it has been postulated that sicca symptoms in SS patients are a double step process whereby lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands (SG) is followed by epithelial cell destruction resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. Recent advances in the field of the pathophysiology of SS have brought in new players, such as aquaporins (AQPs) and anti AQPs autoantibodies that could explain underlying mechanistic processes and unveil new pathophysiological pathways offering a deeper understanding of the disease. In this review, we delineate the link between the AQP and SS, focusing on salivary glands, and discuss the role of AQPs in the treatment of SS-induced xerostomia.
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Suzuki A, Iwata J. Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Exocytosis in the Salivary Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3208. [PMID: 30336591 PMCID: PMC6214078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, salivary glands produce about 0.5 to 1.5 L of saliva, which contains salivary proteins that are essential for oral health. The contents of saliva, 0.3% proteins (1.5 to 4.5 g) in fluid, help prevent oral infections, provide lubrication, aid digestion, and maintain oral health. Acinar cells in the lobular salivary glands secrete prepackaged secretory granules that contain salivary components such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins. Despite the important physiological functions of salivary proteins, we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms of their secretion via exocytosis, which is a process essential for the secretion of functional proteins, not only in salivary glands, but also in other secretory organs, including lacrimal and mammary glands, the pancreas, and prostate. In this review, we discuss recent findings that elucidate exocytosis by exocrine glands, especially focusing on the salivary glands, in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
- Program of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Gu F, Xu S, Zhang P, Chen X, Wu Y, Wang C, Gao M, Si M, Wang X, Heinrich K, Wu H, Wei W. CP-25 Alleviates Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome Features in NOD/Ltj Mice and Modulates T Lymphocyte Subsets. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:423-434. [PMID: 29665238 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness of the moisture-producing glands such as salivary glands that is characterized by various immune abnormalities. The aetiology of pSS remains unclear and there is no curative agent. In this study, we investigated the putative therapeutic effects on a NOD/Ltj mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome-like disorders of an ester derivative of paeoniflorin, paeoniflorin-6'O-benzene (termed CP-25). Our study showed that CP-25 alleviated effectively clinical manifestations in NOD/Ltj mice resulting, for example, in increased salivary flow and reduced histopathological scores. Furthermore, CP-25 decreased lymphocyte viability in NOD/Ltj mice and attenuated the infiltration of Th1 cells and Th2 cells into the salivary glands of NOD/Ltj mice. In the spleen on NOD/Ltj mice, CP-25 skewed the ratio of Th17 and regulatory T cells towards regulatory T cells. After treatment, concentrations of anti-La/SSB and IgG antibodies were reduced and the titre of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17A in the serum on NOD/Ltj mice was alleviated. Thus, we define CP-25 as a novel compound that is a potent therapeutic agent for pSS by modulating T lymphocyte subsets. Future studies will validate the use of CP-25 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Si
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Korner Heinrich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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47
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Konings G, Brentjens L, Delvoux B, Linnanen T, Cornel K, Koskimies P, Bongers M, Kruitwagen R, Xanthoulea S, Romano A. Intracrine Regulation of Estrogen and Other Sex Steroid Levels in Endometrium and Non-gynecological Tissues; Pathology, Physiology, and Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:940. [PMID: 30283331 PMCID: PMC6157328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the intracrine (or local) regulation of estrogen and other steroid synthesis and degradation expanded in the last decades, also thanks to recent technological advances in chromatography mass-spectrometry. Estrogen responsive tissues and organs are not passive receivers of the pool of steroids present in the blood but they can actively modify the intra-tissue steroid concentrations. This allows fine-tuning the exposure of responsive tissues and organs to estrogens and other steroids in order to best respond to the physiological needs of each specific organ. Deviations in such intracrine control can lead to unbalanced steroid hormone exposure and disturbances. Through a systematic bibliographic search on the expression of the intracrine enzymes in various tissues, this review gives an up-to-date view of the intracrine estrogen metabolisms, and to a lesser extent that of progestogens and androgens, in the lower female genital tract, including the physiological control of endometrial functions, receptivity, menopausal status and related pathological conditions. An overview of the intracrine regulation in extra gynecological tissues such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, brain, colon and bone is given. Current therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with these metabolisms and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonda Konings
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Linda Brentjens
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bert Delvoux
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Karlijn Cornel
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Marlies Bongers
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roy Kruitwagen
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romano
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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48
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Janga SR, Shah M, Ju Y, Meng Z, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Longitudinal analysis of tear cathepsin S activity levels in male non-obese diabetic mice suggests its potential as an early stage biomarker of Sjögren's Syndrome. Biomarkers 2018; 24:91-102. [PMID: 30126300 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1514656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cathepsin S (CTSS) activity is elevated in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) patient tears. OBJECTIVE To evaluate longitudinal expression of tear and tissue CTSS activity relative to other disease indicators in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice. METHODS CTSS activity was measured in tears and lacrimal glands (LG) from male 1-6 month (M) NOD and 1 and 6 M BALB/c mice. Lymphocytic infiltration was quantified by histopathology, while disease-related proteins (Rab3D, CTSS, collagen 1) were quantified using q-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In NOD LG, lymphocytic infiltration was noted by 2 M and established by 3 M (p < 0.01). IFN-ɣ, TNF-α, and MHC II expression were increased by 2 M (p < 0.01). Tear CTSS activity was significantly elevated at 2 M (p < 0.001) to a maximum of 10.1-fold by 6 M (p < 0.001). CTSS activity in LG lysates was significantly elevated by 2 M (p < 0.001) to a maximum of 14-fold by 3 M (p < 0.001). CTSS and Rab3D immunofluorescence were significantly increased and decreased maximally in LG acini by 3 M and 2 M, respectively. Comparable changes were not detected between 1 and 6 M BALB/c mouse LG, although Collagen 1 was decreased by 6 M in LG of both strains. CONCLUSION Tear CTSS activity is elevated with other early disease indicators, suggesting potential as an early stage biomarker for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth R Janga
- a Department of Ophthalmology, USC Keck School of Medicine , Roski Eye Institute , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mihir Shah
- a Department of Ophthalmology, USC Keck School of Medicine , Roski Eye Institute , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yaping Ju
- b Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , USC School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Zhen Meng
- b Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , USC School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Maria C Edman
- a Department of Ophthalmology, USC Keck School of Medicine , Roski Eye Institute , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- a Department of Ophthalmology, USC Keck School of Medicine , Roski Eye Institute , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , USC School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Minagi HO, Ikai K, Araie T, Sakai M, Sakai T. Benefits of long-term pilocarpine due to increased muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 in salivary glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1098-1102. [PMID: 29953856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypofunction of the salivary gland causes several life-disrupting side effects such as dental caries, oral candidiasis, loss of taste, and swallowing disorders. No satisfactory therapy has been established to treat salivary hypofunction. Pilocarpine represents a potential treatment for dry mouth due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Although subjective improvement was consistently observed with pilocarpine therapy, the mechanism was unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of recovery in salivation following treatment with pilocarpine. We first examined the effectiveness of pilocarpine in SS patients as quantified by the Saxon test and the visual analogue scale average. We found that salivation ability and subjective symptoms improved by continuous administration of pilocarpine. These results demonstrated that long-term medication for dry mouth patients was more effective. However, as the mechanism remained unclear, molecular biological mechanisms were analyzed based on the effects of continuous administration of pilocarpine using model mice. In the molecular biological analysis, continuous administration of pilocarpine was effective in both ICR and SS model mice. Gene and protein expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (M3R) increased in salivary glands following continuous administration of pilocarpine compared with single administration. Therefore, continuous administration of pilocarpine effectively induced M3R expression, thereby activating salivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ono Minagi
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ikai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Araie
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakai
- Division for Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
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50
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Myoepithelial cell-driven acini contraction in response to oxytocin receptor stimulation is impaired in lacrimal glands of Sjögren's syndrome animal models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9919. [PMID: 29967327 PMCID: PMC6028591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the impact of chronic inflammation of the lacrimal gland, as occurs in Sjögren’s syndrome, on the morphology and function of myoepithelial cells (MECs). In spite of the importance of MECs for lacrimal gland function, the effect of inflammation on MECs has not been well defined. We studied changes in MEC structure and function in two animal models of aqueous deficient dry eye, NOD and MRL/lpr mice. We found a statistically significant reduction in the size of MECs in diseased compared to control lacrimal glands. We also found that oxytocin receptor was highly expressed in MECs of mouse and human lacrimal glands and that its expression was strongly reduced in diseased glands. Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in the amount of two MEC contractile proteins, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and calponin. Finally, oxytocin-mediated contraction was impaired in lacrimal gland acini from diseased glands. We conclude that chronic inflammation of the lacrimal gland leads to a substantial thinning of MECs, down-regulation of contractile proteins and oxytocin receptor expression, and therefore impaired acini contraction. This is the first study highlighting the role of oxytocin mediated MEC contraction on lacrimal gland function.
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