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Chavda VP, Chaudhari AZ, Balar PC, Gholap A, Vora LK. Phytoestrogens: Chemistry, potential health benefits, and their medicinal importance. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3060-3079. [PMID: 38602108 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, also known as xenoestrogens, are secondary metabolites derived from plants that have similar structures and biological effects as human estrogens. These compounds do not directly affect biological functions but can act as agonists or antagonists depending on the level of endogenous estrogen in the body. Phytoestrogens may have an epigenetic mechanism of action independent of estrogen receptors. These compounds are found in more than 300 plant species and are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, with specific enzymes leading to various chemical structures. Phytoestrogens, primarily phenolic compounds, include isoflavonoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. Extensive research in animals and humans has demonstrated the protective effects of phytoestrogens on estrogen-dependent diseases. Clinical trials have also shown their potential benefits in conditions such as osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, and certain types of cancer. This review provides a concise overview of phytoestrogen classification, chemical diversity, and biosynthesis and discusses the potential therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens, as well as their preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amit Z Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amol Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
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P A, Hayagreva Kumar M, Elshafey SH, S JC, Jones S, Sheriff D, Pramod Roy A, Ayyaswamy G, Tk B, K P. Evaluation of In-Vitro Studies of the Shalmali Extract on Human Endometrial Stromal Cells. Cureus 2024; 16:e60699. [PMID: 38910609 PMCID: PMC11190968 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of herbal formulations for the management of reproductive tract disorders has been a longstanding practice in traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a herbal extract, Shalmali (Bombax ceiba), in addressing uterine bleeding, a common concern in gynecological health. Through gene expression analysis, this study examined the impact of Shalmali extract on key genes associated with uterine bleeding, namely ESR1, CD56, and SDF-1, in the human endometrial stromal cell line (T HESC). Our findings revealed a dose-dependent decrease in ESR1 and CD56 gene expression levels following treatment with Shalmali extract, suggesting its potential to modulate hormonal and cellular processes involved in uterine bleeding. Notably, an increase in SDF-1 gene expression was observed, indicating a possible role of Shalmali extract in promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Comparison with the standard drug tranexamic acid demonstrated similar effects on gene expression levels, further validating the therapeutic potential of Shalmali extract. Agarose gel electrophoresis images supported these findings, showing reduced gene expression in cells treated with Shalmali extract comparable to those treated with tranexamic acid. These results underscore the promising efficacy of Shalmali extract as a natural alternative for managing uterine bleeding, potentially offering a safe and effective treatment option for individuals seeking traditional remedies for gynecological concerns. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and assess the long-term safety and efficacy of Shalmali extract in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandhan P
- General Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | | | - Janaki C S
- Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Sumathi Jones
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | | | - Gopi Ayyaswamy
- Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT), Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Balaji Tk
- Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, IND
| | - Prabhu K
- Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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3
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Zhu Q, Ping P, Zhang P, Ning C, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Li X, Fu S. Sex hormones and physical function among the Chinese oldest-old and centenarian women. J Transl Med 2022; 20:340. [PMID: 35902963 PMCID: PMC9331572 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical independence is crucial for overall health in the elderly individuals. The life expectancy of women has been shown to be higher than that of men, which is also known as the “male–female health-survival paradox”. Sex hormones may be one of the explanations. However, the relationships between sex hormones and physical function remain unclear in the elderly females. This study was designed to explore these relationships among the Chinese oldest-old and centenarian women. Methods Data from 1226 women were obtained from the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study. Home interviews, physical examinations and blood analyses were conducted using standardized procedures. Variables including age, Han ethnicity, illiteracy, smoker, drinker, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were used in the multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Results In all the participants, age [beta (95% confidence interval): − 0.84 (− 0.98, − 0.71)] and E2 levels [beta (95% confidence interval): − 0.22 (− 0.28, − 0.17)] were negatively associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) in the multivariate linear regression analyses (P < 0.05 for all). We also observed significantly negative associations of age [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.90 (0.88, 0.91)] and E2 levels [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.98 (0.98, 0.99)] with physical normality in the multivariate logistic regression analyses (P < 0.05 for all). Age and E2 levels gradually decreased with increases in the ADL quartiles across all the participants (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions This study demonstrated that E2 levels were negatively associated with physical function among the Chinese oldest-old and centenarian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Ping Ping
- Main Station of Drug Instrument Supervision and Inspection, Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoxue Ning
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiubing Li
- Department of Urology Medicine, The Third Medical Centre of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, China. .,Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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17β-estradiol and ureteral contractility: A role for the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174024. [PMID: 33741380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the unknown effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on ureteral contractility and the receptor and mechanisms involved. By utilising isolated porcine distal ureteral strips, we observed that E2 (30-300 μM) and a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor specific agonist G-1 (30 μM) both increased the frequency of phasic contractions of the ureter (P<0.05). E2 also decreased the maximum amplitude of these contractions (P<0.05). The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor specific antagonist G-36 (10 μM) reversed E2 enhancement effects on frequency, but did not alter its effects on maximum amplitude of contractile responses. Additionally, it was observed that the effects of E2 were unaltered by removing the urothelium, inhibiting nitric oxide and prostaglandin production or preventing neuronal conduction. In the presence of a potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (10 μM), the effects of E2 on frequency were prevented. This finding suggests that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor mediates the increase in frequency of ureteral phasic contractions induced by E2 via activation of potassium channels, while E2 alters the amplitude of these contractions through an unknown mechanism.
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Sultanova RF, Schibalski R, Yankelevich IA, Stadler K, Ilatovskaya DV. Sex differences in renal mitochondrial function: a hormone-gous opportunity for research. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1117-F1124. [PMID: 33135479 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00320.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences (biological distinctions between males and females) present a complex interplay of genetic, developmental, biological, and environmental factors. More and more studies are shedding light on the importance of sex differences in normal physiology and susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular and renal conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review is devoted to the role of sex dimorphisms in renal function, with a focus on the distinctions between male and female mitochondria. Here, we cover the aspects of renal mitochondrial bioenergetics where sex differences have been reported to date, for instance, biogenesis, reactive oxygen species production, and oxidative stress. Special attention is devoted to the effects of sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, on mitochondrial bioenergetics in the kidney in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Sultanova
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ryan Schibalski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Irina A Yankelevich
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Insitute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Sriprasert I, Hodis HN, Bernick B, Mirkin S, Mack WJ. Effects of Estradiol Dose and Serum Estradiol Levels on Metabolic Measures in Early and Late Postmenopausal Women in the REPLENISH Trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:1052-1058. [PMID: 32644875 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To identify the association of estradiol (E2) dose and serum E2 levels with metabolic measures in early (<6 years) compared with late (≥10 years) postmenopausal women from the REPLENISH trial. Material and Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial in the United States. Four doses of TX-001HR, an oral combination of E2 and progesterone (P4), and placebo were tested. This analysis included a total of 1,216 early and 297 late postmenopausal women. Linear mixed-effects models tested the association of E2 dose and serum E2 levels with changes in metabolic parameters; total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and glucose (GLUC) levels from six visits over 12 months, adjusted for the serum P4 level. Results: A higher E2 dose was significantly associated with lower TC (p = 0.02) and LDL-C (p = 0.002) and higher HDL-C (p = 0.04) levels in early, but not late, postmenopause. With longer time since menopause, the inverse association of E2 dose with TC and LDL-C and positive association with HDL-C were attenuated (interaction p < 0.05). Higher serum E2 levels were significantly associated with lower TC (p = 0.004), LDL-C (p = 0.0001), and fasting blood GLUC (p = 0.003) and higher TG (p = 0.002) levels in early postmenopause. Conclusion: E2 dose differentially affects metabolic measures among early compared with late postmenopausal women. No significant main effect of the serum P4 level was found. As the metabolic parameters studied are risk factors for cardiovascular events, these results support the timing hypothesis of E2 therapy and its cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intira Sriprasert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Trincot C, Caron KM. Lymphatic Function and Dysfunction in the Context of Sex Differences. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:311-324. [PMID: 32259065 PMCID: PMC7089000 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the building blocks of the blood vascular system and exhibit well-characterized sexually dimorphic phenotypes with regard to chromosomal and hormonal sex, imparting innate genetic and physiological differences between male and female vascular systems and cardiovascular disease. However, even though females are predominantly affected by disorders of lymphatic vascular function, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the effects of sex and sex hormones on lymphatic growth, function, and dysfunction. Here, we attempt to comprehensively evaluate the current understanding of sex as a biological variable influencing lymphatic biology. We first focus on elucidating innate and fundamental differences between the sexes in lymphatic function and development. Next, we delve into lymphatic disease and explore the potential underpinnings toward bias prevalence in the female population. Lastly, we incorporate more broadly the role of the lymphatic system in sex-biased diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disorders, and autoimmune diseases to explore whether and how sex differences may influence lymphatic function in the context of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
E. Trincot
- Department of Cell Biology
and Physiology, University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, 6312B Medical Biomolecular Research Building,
CB#7545, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina 27599-7545, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology
and Physiology, University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, 6312B Medical Biomolecular Research Building,
CB#7545, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina 27599-7545, United States
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8
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Ramesh SS, Christopher R, Indira Devi B, Bhat DI. The vascular protective role of oestradiol: a focus on postmenopausal oestradiol deficiency and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1897-1917. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi S. Ramesh
- Department of NeurochemistryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of NeurochemistryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Bhagavatula Indira Devi
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
| | - Dhananjaya I. Bhat
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bengaluru‐560029 Karnataka India
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Kodogo V, Azibani F, Sliwa K. Role of pregnancy hormones and hormonal interaction on the maternal cardiovascular system: a literature review. Clin Res Cardiol 2019; 108:831-846. [PMID: 30806769 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hormones have a vital duty in the conservation of physiological cardiovascular function during pregnancy. Alterations in oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin levels are associated with changes in the cardiovascular system to support the growing foetus and counteract pregnancy stresses. Pregnancy hormones are, however, also linked to numerous pathophysiological outcomes on the cardiovascular system. The expression and effects of the three main pregnancy hormones (oestrogen, prolactin and progesterone) vary depending on the gestation period. However, the reaction of a target cell also depends on the abundance of hormone receptors and impacts put forth by other hormones. Hormonal interaction may be synergistic, antagonistic or permissive. It is crucial to explore the cross talk of pregnancy hormones during gestation, as this may have a greater impact on the overall changes to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaris Kodogo
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 4th floor Chris Barnard Building, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Feriel Azibani
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 4th floor Chris Barnard Building, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 4th floor Chris Barnard Building, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa.
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10
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Tsai CC, Tey SL, Chang LC, Su YT, Lin KJ, Huang SC. Estradiol mediates relaxation of porcine lower esophageal sphincter. Steroids 2018; 136:56-62. [PMID: 29733860 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most pregnant women have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) during pregnancy. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is associated with GERD. The effects of estradiol on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) motility and GERD are not clearly known. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of estradiol on the motility of the porcine LES. Relaxations of clasp and sling strips of porcine LES caused by estradiol were measured using isometric transducers. We investigated the mechanism of estradiol-induced relaxation of the porcine LES using tetraethylammonium, apamine, iberiotoxin, glibenclamide, KT5720, KT5823, NG-nitro-l-arginine, tetrodotoxin, and ω-conotoxin GVIA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to determine the existence of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the porcine LES. In endothelin-1-precontracted porcine LES strips, estradiol caused marked relaxations in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism of estradiol-induced relaxation on the porcine LES was associated with the potassium channel. Reverse transcription PCR analysis and IHC revealed that GPER was expressed in the sling and clasp fibers of the porcine LES. This finding suggests that GPER mediates the relaxation of the porcine LES. Estradiol may play a role in LES motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No.8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shu-Leei Tey
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, No.8 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, No.8 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kai-Jen Lin
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1 Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shih-Che Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shosanbetsu Village Clinic, No.122-8, Shosanbetsu, Shosanbetsu Village, Tomamae District, Hokkaido 078-4421, Japan.
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Oyenihi OR, Krygsman A, Verhoog N, de Beer D, Saayman MJ, Mouton TM, Louw A. Chemoprevention of LA7-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth by SM6Met, a Well-Characterized Cyclopia Extract. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:650. [PMID: 29973879 PMCID: PMC6019492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Chemoprevention of BC by using plant extracts is gaining attention. SM6Met, a well-characterized extract of Cyclopia subternata with reported selective estrogen receptor subtype activity, has shown tumor suppressive effects in a chemically induced BC model in rats, which is known to be estrogen responsive. However, there is no information on the estrogen sensitivity of the relatively new orthotopic model of LA7 cell-induced mammary tumors. In the present study, the potential chemopreventative and side-effect profile of SM6Met on LA7 cell-induced tumor growth was evaluated, as was the effects of 17β-estradiol and standard-of-care (SOC) endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen (TAM), letrozole (LET), and fulvestrant (FUL). Tumor growth was observed in the tumor-vehicle control group until day 10 post tumor induction, which declined afterward on days 12-14. SM6Met suppressed tumor growth to the same extent as TAM, while LET, but not FUL, also showed substantial anti-tumor effects. Short-term 17β-estradiol treatment reduced tumor volume on days prior to day 10, whereas tumor promoting effects were observed during long-term treatment, which was especially evident at later time points. Marked elevation in serum markers of liver injury, which was further supported by histological evaluation, was observed in the vehicle-treated tumor control, TAM, LET, and long-term 17β-estradiol treatment groups. Alterations in the lipid profiles were also observed in the 17β-estradiol treatment groups. In contrast, SM6Met did not augment the increase in serum levels of liver injury biomarkers caused by tumor induction and no effect was observed on lipid profiles. In summary, the results from the current study demonstrate the chemopreventative effect of SM6Met on mammary tumor growth, which was comparable to that of TAM, without eliciting the negative side-effects observed with this SOC endocrine therapy. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed some responsiveness of LA7-induced tumors to estrogen and SOC endocrine therapies. Thus, this model may be useful in evaluating potential endocrine therapies for hormone responsive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R. Oyenihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Annadie Krygsman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Verhoog
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Saayman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thys M. Mouton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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12
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Zafirovic S, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Obradovic M, Djordjevic J, Jasnic N, Borovic ML, Isenovic ER. Involvement of PI3K, Akt and RhoA in Oestradiol Regulation of Cardiac iNOS Expression. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 17:307-318. [PMID: 29437011 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180212142414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestradiol is an important regulatory factor with several positive effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. We evaluated the molecular mechanism of the in vivo effects of oestradiol on the regulation of cardiac inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and activity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with oestradiol (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and after 24 h the animals were sacrificed. The concentrations of NO and L-Arginine (L-Arg) were determined spectrophotometrically. For protein expressions of iNOS, p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-p65), Ras homolog gene family-member A (RhoA), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), p85, p110 and protein kinase B (Akt), Western blot method was used. Coimmunoprecipitation was used for measuring the association of IRS-1 with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol- 3-kinase (PI3K). The expression of iNOS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was measured with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue was used to detect localization and expression of iNOS in heart tissue. RESULTS Oestradiol treatment reduced L-Arg concentration (p<0.01), iNOS mRNA (p<0.01) and protein (p<0.001) expression, level of RhoA (p<0.05) and AT1R (p<0.001) protein. In contrast, plasma NO (p<0.05), Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 (p<0.05) and protein level of p85 (p<0.001) increased after oestradiol treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that oestradiol in vivo regulates cardiac iNOS expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, through attenuation of RhoA and AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Zafirovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar D. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Bansal S, Chopra K. Selective ER-α agonist alleviates vascular endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:152-161. [PMID: 28736253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal diabetic women represent a specific risk group with a greater incidence of vascular deficits as compared with age-matched men or non-diabetic women. 17β-estradiol is the mainstay therapy for menopause and associated complications; however, its vasculoprotective effect is lost in women with diabetes. Although, exact mechanism of dichotomous effect of estrogen has not been delineated but it may be due to, differential activation of ER-α and β during disease conditions such as diabetes. Thus main objective of our study was to characterize the specific estrogen receptor which could be selectively targeted to achieve vasculoprotection in postmenopausal diabetic situation. A significant impairment in glycemic and lipid profile, decreased ACh-induced endothelium dependent relaxation, impaired endothelial integrity, and rise in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were observed in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats as compared to sham rats. These markers were further correlated with aortic eNOS levels. Treatment with selective ER-α receptor agonist markedly while 17β-estradiol partially ameliorated these alterations along with enhanced aortic eNOS levels. However, ER-β agonist did not show any effect. Our data suggests that selective ER-α activation could be an important pharmacological target, to mimic the beneficial effect of estradiol in cardiovascular disorders, especially in postmenopausal diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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14
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Cheng L, Shan L, Kim I. Multilevel Gaussian graphical model for multilevel networks. J Stat Plan Inference 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jspi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Martínez D, Castro A, Merino PM, López P, Lardone MC, Iñiguez G, Cassorla F, Codner E. Oestrogen activity of the serum in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1366-73. [PMID: 26802741 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess serum oestrogen levels and oestrogenic activity in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes compared with a healthy control group. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study that evaluated adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (n = 38) and healthy adolescents (control group; n = 32). Serum oestrogens, urinary oestrogen metabolites and serum oestrogenic activity were assessed. Oestrogenic activity was evaluated in an in vitro cell proliferation assay using a modified E-screen assay with MCF-7/BUS cells. RESULTS Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes had lower oestrogenic activity levels in both phases of the menstrual cycle compared with the control group (follicular phase: 76 vs 94%; luteal phase: 97 vs 131%; P < 0.01), even after adjusting for BMI, oestradiol and oestrone levels. Postmenarcheal adolescents with Type 1 diabetes had lower oestradiol levels compared with control subjects in the follicular phase (63.3 pmol/l vs 89.4 pmol/l; P < 0.01) and higher oestrone levels compared with controls in the luteal phase (196 vs 151.9 pmol/l; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes had lower levels of serum oestrogenic activity, and these were lower than expected based on their serum oestradiol levels. We postulate that changes in the serum milieu of oestrogens in patients with Type 1 diabetes may explain their decreased oestrogenic activity and may play a role in their adverse metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
| | - A Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
| | - P M Merino
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
| | - P López
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
- Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Servicio Salud Metropolitano Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - M C Lardone
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
| | - G Iñiguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
| | - F Cassorla
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile
| | - E Codner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Research, University of Chile.
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Melkozerova OA, Bashmakova NV, Volkova EV, Tretyakova TB, Tsyvian PB. The molecular and genetic aspects of adolescent girls anomalous uterine bleeding: the role of endothelial dysfunction syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:23-26. [PMID: 27759449 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1232232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study is to assess NOS3 and ESR1 gene polymorphism in adolescent girls born with low birth weight (LBW) and suffered by anomalous uterine bleeding (AUB). A total 95 adolescent girls were studied including 32 born with LBW and AUB; 36 girls with normal birth weight and AUB; and 27 healthy girls. Single allele gene polymorphism NOS3 786T > C, 894G > T, ESR1 351A > G and 397T > C was studied. The existence of polymorphous allele С gene NOS3 786Т > С (for homozygote OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.12-3.68; p = 0.04; for heterozygote OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.60; p = 0.046) and genotype Pvull-CC ESR1 (OR = 4.58; 95% CI: 0.97-21.68; p = 0.04) was detected in LBW girls with AUB. It was suggested that intrauterine programming of endothelial dysfunction syndrome could play a significant role in the development of AUB in adolescent girls born with LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Melkozerova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - N V Bashmakova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - E V Volkova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - T B Tretyakova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - P B Tsyvian
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
- b Ural State Medical University , Yekaterinburg , Russia
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17
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Wu ST, Ku WC, Huang CJ, Wang YC, Lin CM, Chen SK. Cellular effects induced by 17-β-estradiol to reduce the survival of renal cell carcinoma cells. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:67. [PMID: 27680214 PMCID: PMC5041337 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an adult malignancy with 2:1 men-to-women ratio, which implies the possible role of sex hormones in RCC carcinogenesis. One of the predominant sex hormones in women before menopause, 17-β-estradiol (or E2), may regulate RCC growth by cellular mechanisms that are still not fully understood. Methods The expression levels of E2 receptors (ER1 and ER2) were determined in different RCC cell lines. The DNA damage response induced by E2 was determined by a DNA double-strand break marker γH2AX. To study the possible effect of E2 on oxidative stress response, RCC cells were stained with 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and analyzed by flow cytometry. Upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) ser40 phosphorylation in response to oxidative stress was detected by immunoblotting. Finally, annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining assay was used to determine E2-induced cellular apoptosis. Results Variable expression of ER1 and ER2 were found in the RCC cell lines studied (786-O, A498, and ACHN), in which ACHN and A498 showed highest and lowest ER expression, respectively. In A498 cells, E2 induced DNA double-strand breaks with positive staining of γH2AX. On the other hand, the level of reactive oxidative species were elevated in ACHN cells after E2 treatment. The E2-induced oxidative stress also induced the Ser40 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Finally, we also demonstrated that E2 induced apoptosis as revealed by annexin V/PI double staining. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated the cellular effects of E2 on DNA repair, ROS production as well as Nrf2 activation, and apoptosis in RCC cell lines. Together these cellular alterations may contribute to the reduced viability of RCC cells following E2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, No. 2, Ln. 59, Jiancheng Rd., Sijhih Dist., New Taipei, 22174, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Kuan Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, No. 2, Ln. 59, Jiancheng Rd., Sijhih Dist., New Taipei, 22174, Taiwan.
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18
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Age and gender effects on bone mass density variation: finite elements simulation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 16:521-535. [PMID: 27659482 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a physiological process by which bone constantly adapts its structure to changes in long-term loading manifested by interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This process can be influenced by many local factors, via effects on bone cells differentiation and proliferation, which are produced by bone cells and act in a paracrine or autocrine way. The aim of the current work is to provide mechanobiological finite elements modeling coupling both cellular activities and mechanical behavior in order to investigate age and gender effects on bone remodeling evolution. A series of computational simulations have been performed on a 2D and 3D human proximal femur. An age- and gender-related impacts on bulk density alteration of trabecular bone have been noticed, and the major actors responsible of this phenomenon have been then discussed.
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19
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Kim SA, Lee KY, Kim JR, Choi HC. Estrogenic compound attenuates angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through interaction between LKB1 and estrogen receptor α. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:78-85. [PMID: 27665370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of cardiovascular disease is higher for males than females, and estradiol (E2) induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which is known to regulate proliferation of VSMC. We identified the estrogenic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, a lignan phytoestrogen) that inhibit VSMC proliferation and explored the underlying mechanisms. Both the phosphorylation and expression of LKB1 were increased by NDGA. In addition, NDGA significantly attenuated angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced VSMC proliferation. To elucidate the estrogenic effects, we confirmed that NDGA increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression, similar to treatment with E2 and estriol (E3). Furthermore, tamoxifen and ERα siRNA obstructed the effects of NDGA including ERα expression, AMPK phosphorylation and both LKB1 phosphorylation and expression. VSMC proliferation was restored by tamoxifen and ERα siRNA. LKB1 siRNA also reversed the NDGA-mediated inhibition of VSMC proliferation. The estrogenic activity of NDGA induced LKB1 translocation from nucleus to cytosol, and tamoxifen obstructed LKB1 translocation. The absence of LKB1 completely abolished the increase of ERα expression induced by NDGA. Taken together, the beneficial effects of estrogenic compound (E2 and NDGA) on inhibition of VSMC proliferation are mediated by interaction between LKB1 and ERα, suggesting a potential mechanism for females having less cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea; Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
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20
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McSweeney JC, Rosenfeld AG, Abel WM, Braun LT, Burke LE, Daugherty SL, Fletcher GF, Gulati M, Mehta LS, Pettey C, Reckelhoff JF. Preventing and Experiencing Ischemic Heart Disease as a Woman: State of the Science: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 133:1302-31. [PMID: 26927362 PMCID: PMC5154387 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Miao Y, Edelheit A, Velmurugan S, Borovnik-Lesjak V, Radhakrishnan J, Gazmuri RJ. Estrogen fails to facilitate resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in male rats. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:522-534. [PMID: 26045892 PMCID: PMC4448192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Administration of 17β-estradiol has been shown to exert myocardial protective effects in hemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that similar protective effects could help improve resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Three series of 18, 40, and 12 rats each, underwent ventricular fibrillation for 8 minutes followed by 8 minutes of chest compression and delivery of electrical shocks. In series-1, rats were randomized 1:1 to receive a bolus dose of 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg) or 0.9% NaCl before chest compression; in series-2, rats were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive a continuous infusion of 0.9% NaCl or a 17β-estradiol solution designed to attain a plasma level of 10(0), 10(2), or 10(4) nM during chest compression; and in series-3, rats were randomized 1:1 to receive a continuous infusion of 17β-estradiol to attain a plasma level of 10(2) nM or 0.9% NaCl during chest compression, providing inotropic support during the post-resuscitation interval using dobutamine infusion. 17β-estradiol failed to facilitate resuscitation in each of the 3 series. In series-1 and series-2, resuscitability and short-term survival was reduced in 17β-estradiol groups attaining statistical significance in series-2 when the three 17β-estradiol groups were combined (p = 0.035). In series-3, all rats were resuscitated and survived for 180 minutes aided by dobutamine which partially reversed post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction but without additional benefits on myocardial function in the 17β-estradiol group. The present study failed to support a beneficial effect of 17β-estradiol for resuscitation from cardiac arrest and raised the possibility of detrimental cardiac effects compromising initial resuscitability and subsequent survival in a male rat model of ventricular fibrillation and closed chest resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Miao
- Resuscitation Institute at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ari Edelheit
- Resuscitation Institute at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sathya Velmurugan
- Resuscitation Institute at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vesna Borovnik-Lesjak
- Resuscitation Institute at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeejabai Radhakrishnan
- Resuscitation Institute at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raúl J Gazmuri
- Resuscitation Institute at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care CenterNorth Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Clapauch R, Mourão AF, Mecenas AS, Maranhão PA, Rossini A, Bouskela E. Endothelial function and insulin resistance in early postmenopausal women with cardiovascular risk factors: importance of ESR1 and NOS3 polymorphisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103444. [PMID: 25077953 PMCID: PMC4117493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular benefits from estradiol activation of nitric oxide endothelial production may depend on vascular wall and on estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) polymorphisms. We have evaluated the microcirculation in vivo through nailfold videocapillaroscopy, before and after acute nasal estradiol administration at baseline and after increased sheer stress (postocclusive reactive hyperemia response) in 100 postmenopausal women, being 70 controls (healthy) and 30 simultaneously hypertensive and diabetic (HD), correlating their responses to PvuII and XbaI ESR1 polymorphisms and to VNTR, T-786C and G894T NOS3 variants. In HD women, C variant allele of ESR1 Pvull was associated to higher vasodilatation after estradiol (1.72 vs 1.64 mm/s, p = 0.01 compared to TT homozygotes) while G894T and T-786C NOS3 polymorphisms were connected to lower increment after shear stress (15% among wild type and 10% among variant alleles, p = 0.02 and 0.04). The G variant allele of ESR1 XbaI polymorphism was associated to higher HOMA-IR (3.54 vs. 1.64, p = 0.01) in HD and higher glucose levels in healthy women (91.8 vs. 87.1 mg/dl, p = 0.01), in which increased waist and HOMA-IR were also related to the G allele in NOS3 G894T (waist 93.5 vs 88.2 cm, p = 0.02; HOMA-IR 2.89 vs 1.48, p = 0.05). ESR1 Pvull, NOS3 G894T and T-786C polymorphism analysis may be considered in HD postmenopausal women for endothelial response prediction following estrogen therapy but were not discriminatory for endothelial response in healthy women. ESR1 XbaI and G894T NOS3 polymorphisms may be useful in accessing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risks in all women, even before menopause and occurrence of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Clapauch
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Hospital da Lagoa, Endocrinology Sector, Health Ministry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - André Felipe Mourão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anete S. Mecenas
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila A. Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Rossini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lapraz JC, Hedayat KM, Pauly P. Endobiogeny: a global approach to systems biology (part 2 of 2). Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 2:32-44. [PMID: 24416662 PMCID: PMC3833520 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ENDOBIOGENY AND THE BIOLOGY OF FUNCTIONS ARE BASED ON FOUR SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS THAT ARE KNOWN AND GENERALLY ACCEPTED: (1) human physiology is complex and multifactorial and exhibits the properties of a system; (2) the endocrine system manages metabolism, which is the basis of the continuity of life; (3) the metabolic activity managed by the endocrine system results in the output of biomarkers that reflect the functional achievement of specific aspects of metabolism; and (4) when biomarkers are related to each other in ratios, it contextualizes one type of function relative to another to which is it linked anatomically, sequentially, chronologically, biochemically, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lapraz
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative, Paris, France
| | - Kamyar M Hedayat
- American Society of Endobiogenic Medicine and Integrative physiology, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Patrice Pauly
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative, Paris, France
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24
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR. Fructose and uric acid: is there a role in endothelial function? Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:434. [PMID: 24760443 PMCID: PMC4084511 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Population level data support that consumption of fructose and fructose-based sweeteners has dramatically increased and suggest that high dietary intake of fructose is an important factor in the development of the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS). The CRS is a constellation of cardiac, kidney and metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and evidence of early cardiac and kidney disease. The consequences of fructose metabolism may result in intracellular ATP depletion, increased uric acid production, oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased lipogenesis, which are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is an early manifestation of vascular disease and a driver for the development of CRS. A better understanding of fructose overconsumption in the development of CRS may provide new insights into pathogenesis and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam T. Whaley-Connell
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R. Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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25
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Sowers JR. Arterial Stiffness: A Nexus between Cardiac and Renal Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2014; 4:60-71. [PMID: 24847335 DOI: 10.1159/000360867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, and vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vascular wall. Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and aging are conditions that predispose to arterial stiffening, which is a pathological alteration of the vascular wall and ultimately results in target organ damage in heart and kidney. In this review, we provide new insights on the interactions between arterial stiffness, vascular resistance and pulse wave velocity as well as final end-organ damage in heart and kidney. Better understanding of the mechanisms of arterial functional and hemodynamic alteration may help in developing more refined therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mo., USA ; Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Mo., USA ; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Mo., USA ; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Mo., USA
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26
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Sowers JR. Estrogen and mitochondria function in cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 127:229-49. [PMID: 25149220 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394625-6.00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) consists of a constellation of cardiac, renal, and metabolic disorders including insulin resistance (IR), obesity, metabolic dyslipidemia, high-blood pressure, and evidence of early cardiac and renal disease. Mitochondria dysfunction often occurs in the CRS, and this dysfunction is promoted by excess reactive oxygen species, genetic factors, IR, aging, and altered mitochondrial biogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that there are important sex-related differences in mitochondria function and metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal components. Sex differences in the CRS have mainly been attributed to the estrogen's effects that are mainly mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) α, ERβ, and G-protein coupled receptor 30. In this review, we discuss the effects of estrogen on the mitochondrial function, insulin metabolic signaling, glucose transport, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses from liver, pancreatic β cells, adipocytes, skeletal muscle, and cardiovascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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27
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Gaikwad NW. Mass spectrometry evidence for formation of estrogen-homocysteine conjugates: estrogens can regulate homocysteine levels. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1447-1454. [PMID: 23928335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (HCys), a sulfur-containing amino acid, is formed during the metabolism of methionine. An imbalance between the rate of production and the use of HCys during methionine metabolism can result in an increase in the plasma and urinary levels of HCys. HCys has been shown to be toxic to vascular endothelial cells through several pathways. Many earlier clinical studies have revealed an association between plasma HCys and cardiovascular and other diseases. In contrast, estrogens are suggested to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. Several studies indicate that estrogen metabolites could be responsible for cardiovascular protection. It has been demonstrated that electrophilic estrogen quinones, E1(E2)-2,3-Q and E1(E2)-3,4-Q, can alkylate DNA as well as form conjugates with glutathione. I hypothesize that estrogen quinones generated in situ by oxidative enzymes, metal ions, or molecular oxygen can interact with HCys to form conjugates. This in turn could lower the levels of toxic HCys as well as quenching the reactive estrogen quinones, resulting in cardiovascular protective effects. To test the feasibility of a protective estrogen-HCys pathway, estrogen quinones were treated with HCys. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the assay mixture shows the formation of estrogen-HCys conjugates. Furthermore, incubation of catechol estrogens with myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of HCys resulted in the formation of respective estrogen-HCys conjugates. The identities of estrogen-HCys conjugates in MPO assay extracts were confirmed by comparing them to pure synthesized estrogen-HCys standards. I propose that through conjugation estrogens could chemically regulate HCys levels; moreover these conjugates could be used as potential biomarkers in determining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh W Gaikwad
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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28
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Pavón N, Pérez-Torres I, Aranda A, Roldán FJ, Paredes C, Chávez E. Cross-sex hormonal replacement: is this really effective? an experimental clue. Endocrine 2013; 44:762-72. [PMID: 23440687 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Castrated rats of either sex were used in this work, and sex hormones of their own gender or cross-sex hormones were administered for 4 months. Animals were then put through 5 min of myocardial ischemia followed by a 5-min reperfusion injury. Electrocardiographic recordings were made and serum was obtained. Sex hormone levels were measured. Cardiac frequency was calculated, arterial pressure was determined, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) were analyzed. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured in homogenized hearts; besides this, five hearts of each experimental group were obtained and fixed for histopathologic analysis. In male rats with estradiol replacement, the incidence of tachyarrhythmias and CK levels were higher when compared to the rest of the animals. Their cytokine levels were also elevated when compared to the group that received testosterone. Estradiol replacement protected female rats from variations in all of the parameters evaluated, whereas testosterone did not show a protective effect. In the presence of testosterone, the incidence of tachyarrhythmia was higher and TBARs, cytokines, CK, and LDH levels were also elevated. The results shown reinforce the idea that cross-sex hormone administration can damage the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pavón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico, D.F., Mexico,
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29
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Moon JY, Lee EJ, Chung WY, Moon MH, Chung BC, Choi MH. Comparison of metabolic ratios of urinary estrogens between benign and malignant thyroid tumors in postmenopausal women. BMC Clin Pathol 2013; 13:25. [PMID: 24156385 PMCID: PMC4016477 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-13-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen metabolism may be associated with the pathophysiological development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods To evaluate the differential estrogen metabolism between benign and malignant PTCs, estrogen profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied to urine samples from postmenopausal patients with 9 benign tumors and 18 malignant stage I and III/IV PTCs. Results The urinary concentration of 2-methoxyestradiol was significantly lower in the stage I malignant patients (3.5-fold; P < 0.025) than in the benign group. The metabolic ratios of 16α-OH-estrone/estrone and estriol/estradiol, which are responsible for 16α-hydroxylase activity, were increased more than 2.5-fold in the advanced-stage malignant PTC (P < 0.02 each). The more than 6.2-fold decrease in the urinary 2-/16α-hydroxylase ratio in stage III/IV malignant PTC was consistent with the ratio in postmenopausal patients with endocrine gland cancers. In addition, reductive 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD; estradiol/estrone or estriol/16α-OH-estrone) was present at significantly higher levels in subjects with stage III/IV malignant PTCs than in benign subjects (>3.5-fold difference; P < 0.002). In particular, the estriol/16α-OH-estrone ratio differentiated between the benign and early-stage malignant patients (P < 0.01). Conclusions Increased 16α-hydroxylation and/or a decreased 2-/16α-ratio, as well increased reductive 17β-HSD, with regard to estrogen metabolism could provide potential biomarkers. The devised profiles could be useful for differentiating malignant thyroid carcinomas from benign adenomas in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Man Ho Choi
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolkok-dong, Seoul 136-791, Korea.
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30
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YIN QIAOZHI, LU HUA, LI LIMIN, YIE SHANGMIAN, HU XIANG, LIU ZHIBIN, ZHENG XIAO, CAO SHENG, YAO ZOUYING. Impacts of You Gui Wan on the expression of estrogen receptors and angiogenic factors in OVX-rat vagina: A possible mechanism for the trophic effect of the formula on OVX-induced vaginal atrophy. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1329-36. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Niemeier JP, Marwitz JH, Walker WC, Davis LC, Bushnik T, Ripley DL, Ketchum JM. Are there cognitive and neurobehavioural correlates of hormonal neuroprotection for women after TBI? Neuropsychol Rehabil 2013; 23:363-82. [PMID: 23362827 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2012.761944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined possible cognitive correlates of hormonal neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury (TBI) using archival neuropsychological findings for 1563 individuals undergoing acute TBI rehabilitation between 1989 and 2002. Presumed age of menopause was based on the STRAW (Stages of Reproductive Aging) staging system (Soules, 2005; Soules et al., 2001) and general linear model (GLM) analysis of performance on neuropsychological testing by participants across gender and age groups (25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64) was performed. Hypotheses were (1) women with TBI in the oldest age group would have lower scores on neuropsychological tests and functional outcome measures than women in the younger groups, and (2) men in the oldest age group would have higher scores than women of the same age group. Analyses revealed that oldest females had significantly worse Trails B and SDMT written and oral scores than the youngest females. In addition, oldest females had significantly better Trails B, Rey AVLT and SDMT written scores than the oldest males. Possible cohort exposure to hormone replacement therapy, unknown hormonal status at time of testing, and sample-specific injury characteristics may have contributed to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet P Niemeier
- Carolinas Rehabilitation, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
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32
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Hu WS, Lin YM, Ho TJ, Chen RJ, Li YH, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Day CH, Chen TS, Huang CY. Genistein suppresses the isoproterenol-treated H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell apoptosis associated with P-38, Erk1/2, JNK, and NFκB signaling protein activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:1125-36. [PMID: 24117073 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease (HD) is associated with estrogen and therefore gender and menopausal status. In addition, clinical evidence shows that increased serum norepinephrine is found in patients with HD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cardio-protective effect of genistein, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) from soy bean extract, in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells treated with isoproterenol (ISO), a norepinephrine analog. In this in vitro model, image data and results from western blotting shown that ISO treatment was capable of inducing cellular apoptosis, especially the mitochondrial dependent pathway. Treatment of genistein could suppress the expression of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins including Bad, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in H9c2 treated with ISO. By contrast, several survival proteins were expressed in H9c2 treated with genistein, such as phosphor (p)-Akt, p-Bad, and p-Erk1/2. Furthermore, we confirmed that the protective role of genistein was partially mediated through the expression of Erk1/2, Akt, and NF κ B proteins by adding several pathway inhibitors. These in vitro data suggest that genistein may be a safe and natural SERM alternative to hormone therapy in cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Syun Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan , Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Norethisterone acetate alters coagulation gene expression in vitro in human cell culture. Thromb Res 2013; 131:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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N. Orekhov A. Direct anti-atherosclerotic therapy preventing intracellular cholesterol retention. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.57a1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Lin CC, Chen TS, Lin YM, Yeh YL, Li YH, Kuo WW, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Yen SK, Huang CY. The p38 and NFκB signaling protein activation involved in glycitein protective effects on isoproterenol-treated H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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36
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Tian Y, Stamova B, Jickling GC, Liu D, Ander BP, Bushnell C, Zhan X, Davis RR, Verro P, Pevec WC, Hedayati N, Dawson DL, Khoury J, Jauch EC, Pancioli A, Broderick JP, Sharp FR. Effects of gender on gene expression in the blood of ischemic stroke patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:780-91. [PMID: 22167233 PMCID: PMC3345909 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of gender on RNA expression after ischemic stroke (IS). RNA obtained from blood of IS patients (n=51; 153 samples at < or =3, 5, and 24 hours) and from matched controls (n=52) were processed on Affymetrix microarrays. Analyses of covariance for stroke versus control samples were performed separately for both genders and the regulated genes for females compared with males. In all, 242, 227, and 338 male-specific genes were regulated at < or =3, 5, and 24 hours after IS, respectively, of which 59 were regulated at all time points. Overall, 774, 3,437, and 571 female-specific stroke genes were regulated at < or =3, 5, and 24 hours, respectively, of which 152 were regulated at all time points. Male-specific stroke genes were associated with integrin, integrin-liked kinase, actin, tight junction, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA, fibroblast growth factors (FGF), granzyme, and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)2 signaling. Female-specific stroke genes were associated with p53, high-mobility group box-1, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α, interleukin (IL)1, IL6, IL12, IL18, acute-phase response, T-helper, macrophage, and estrogen signaling. Cell death signaling was overrepresented in both genders, although the molecules and pathways differed. Gender affects gene expression in the blood of IS patients, which likely implies gender differences in immune, inflammatory, and cell death responses to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Tian
- Department of Neurology, the MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Guida M, Zullo F, Buonomo B, Marra ML, Palatucci V, Pascale R, Visconti F, Guerra G, Spinelli M, Di Spiezio Sardo A. Estrogens and neuropeptides in postmenopausal women: un update. Transl Med UniSa 2012; 3:25-41. [PMID: 23905050 PMCID: PMC3728792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is characterized by depletion of ovarian follicles, a reduction of ovarian hormones to castrate levels and elevated levels of serum gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. Although this process has significant repercussions throughout the body and affects a large proportion of our society, the neuroendocrine control mechanisms that accompany menopause are poorly understood. This review aims to examine rigorously the most accredited literature to provide an update about our current understanding of the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the onset of and transition into female reproductive senescence, focusing on the role of some specific neuropeptides in regulating the HPG axis and on their effects on several menopausal symptoms, especially referring to the cardiovascular risk, to open up new horizons for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guida
- Department of Obstetrics& Gynecology, University of Salerno, Italy
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38
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Non-genomic vasorelaxant effects of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in rat aorta are mediated by L-type Ca2+ current inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:615-24. [PMID: 22465948 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The sex hormones 17β-estradiol (βES) and progesterone (PRG) induce rapid non-genomic vasodilator effects which could be protective for the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanisms underlying their vasodilator effect in rat aortic smooth muscle preparations. METHODS Endothelium-denuded aorta artery rings were prepared from male Wistar rats and incubated in an organ bath. The contractions of the preparation were recorded through isometric transducers. The effects of the hormones on K(+) current and L-type Ca(2+) current (LTCC) were analyzed by using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique in A7r5 cells. RESULTS Both βES and PRG (1-100 μmol/L) concentration-dependently relaxed the endothelium-denuded aortic rings contracted by (-)-Bay K8644 (0.1 μmol/L) or by KCl (60 mmol/L). The IC(50) values of the two hormones were not statistically different. The K(V) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (2 mmol/L), BK(Ca) channel blocker tetraethylammonium (1 mmol/L) and K(ATP) channel blocker glibenclamide (10 μmol/L) did not significantly modify the relaxant effect of the hormones. On the other hand, the blockage of the intracellular βES and PRG receptors with estradiol receptor antagonists ICI 182,780 (1 μmol/L) and PRG receptor antagonist mifepristone (30 μmol/L), respectively, did not significantly modify the relaxant action of the hormones. In A7r5 cells, both the hormones (1-100 μmol/L) rapidly and reversibly inhibited the basal and BAY-stimulated LTCC. However, these hormones had no effect on the basal K(+) current. CONCLUSION The vasorelaxant effects of βES and PRG are due to the inhibition of LTCC. The K(+) channels are not involved in the effects.
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Dai W, Li Y, Zheng H. Estradiol/Testosterone Imbalance: Impact on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women. Cardiology 2012; 121:249-54. [DOI: 10.1159/000337274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Fatty Acid Oxidation and Cardiovascular Risk during Menopause: A Mitochondrial Connection? J Lipids 2012; 2012:365798. [PMID: 22496981 PMCID: PMC3306973 DOI: 10.1155/2012/365798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a consequence of the normal aging process in women. This fact implies that the physiological and biochemical alterations resulting from menopause often blur with those from the aging process. It is thought that menopause in women presents a higher risk for cardiovascular disease although the precise mechanism is still under discussion. The postmenopause lipid profile is clearly altered, which can present a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Due to the role of mitochondria in fatty acid oxidation, alterations of the lipid profile in the menopausal women will also influence mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation fluxes in several organs. In this paper, we propose that alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the heart, consequence from normal aging and/or from the menopausal process, result in decreased fatty acid oxidation and accumulation of fatty acid intermediates in the cardiomyocyte cytosol, resulting in lipotoxicity and increasing the cardiovascular risk in the menopausal women.
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Corcoran MP, Lichtenstein AH, Meydani M, Dillard A, Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S. The effect of 17β-estradiol on cholesterol content in human macrophages is influenced by the lipoprotein milieu. J Mol Endocrinol 2011; 47:109-117. [PMID: 21830321 PMCID: PMC3168528 DOI: 10.1530/jme-10-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and testosterone are thought to modulate coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. To examine how these hormones affect human macrophage cholesterol transport, a key factor in atherogenesis, we obtained monocytes from healthy male and postmenopausal female donors (age 50–70 years). Cells were allowed to differentiate in autologous serum. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were exposed to estrogen, testosterone, or vehicle, during differentiation.Cells were cholesterol enriched with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the presence of treatment. Cell cholesterol mass, efflux, and the expression of proteins involved in HMDM cholesterol transport were examined.Estrogen significantly reduced cholesteryl ester (CE) content in both female and male HMDMs while having no measurable effect on cholesterol efflux. Testosterone did not affect cholesterol content or efflux. Both hormones significantly but modestly affected the gene expression of several proteins involved in HMDM transport, yet these effects did not translate into significant changes in protein expression. In THP-1 macrophages, the effect of estrogen on CE content was more potent in unloaded macrophages and was estrogen receptor dependent. A trend for a reduction in nonoxLDL uptake by estrogen was observed and was also found to be dependent upon estrogen receptor activation. Our data indicate that estrogen, but not testosterone, reduces CE accumulation in HMDMs obtained from a CHD age relevant population, independent of changes in the expression of proteins important to macrophage cholesterol transport. In THP-1 cells, this effect is reduced in the presence of oxLDL, indicating that a pro-atherogenic lipoprotein milieu is an important variable in sex hormone modulation of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Corcoran
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Alice Dillard
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111
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