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Rath RJ, Herrington JO, Adeel M, Güder F, Dehghani F, Farajikhah S. Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116100. [PMID: 38364327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Invasive methods such as blood collection and biopsy are commonly used for testing liver and kidney function, which are painful, time-consuming, require trained personnel, and may not be easily accessible to people for their routine checkup. Early diagnosis of liver and kidney diseases can prevent severe symptoms and ensure better management of these patients. Emerging approaches such as breath and sweat analysis have shown potential as non-invasive methods for disease diagnosis. Among the many markers, ammonia is often used as a biomarker for the monitoring of liver and kidney functions. In this review we provide an insight into the production and expulsion of ammonia gas in the human body, the different diseases that could potentially use ammonia as biomarker and analytical devices such as chemiresistive gas sensors for non-invasive monitoring of this gas. The review also provides an understanding into the different materials, doping agents and substrates used to develop such multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and the possible future trends have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronil J Rath
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack O Herrington
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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2
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Fathima S, Al Hakeem WG, Selvaraj RK, Shanmugasundaram R. Beyond protein synthesis: the emerging role of arginine in poultry nutrition and host-microbe interactions. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1326809. [PMID: 38235383 PMCID: PMC10791986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1326809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine is a functional amino acid essential for various physiological processes in poultry. The dietary essentiality of arginine in poultry stems from the absence of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I. The specific requirement for arginine in poultry varies based on several factors, such as age, dietary factors, and physiological status. Additionally, arginine absorption and utilization are also influenced by the presence of antagonists. However, dietary interventions can mitigate the effect of these factors affecting arginine utilization. In poultry, arginine is utilized by four enzymes, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase arginase, arginine decarboxylase and arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT). The intermediates and products of arginine metabolism by these enzymes mediate the different physiological functions of arginine in poultry. The most studied function of arginine in humans, as well as poultry, is its role in immune response. Arginine exerts immunomodulatory functions primarily through the metabolites nitric oxide (NO), ornithine, citrulline, and polyamines, which take part in inflammation or the resolution of inflammation. These properties of arginine and arginine metabolites potentiate its use as a nutraceutical to prevent the incidence of enteric diseases in poultry. Furthermore, arginine is utilized by the poultry gut microbiota, the metabolites of which might have important implications for gut microbial composition, immune regulation, metabolism, and overall host health. This comprehensive review provides insights into the multifaceted roles of arginine and arginine metabolites in poultry nutrition and wellbeing, with particular emphasis on the potential of arginine in immune regulation and microbial homeostasis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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3
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Schwieren L, Jensen M, Schulz R, Lezius S, Laxy E, Milatz M, Thomalla G, Böger R, Gerloff C, Magnus T, Schwedhelm E, Choe CU. Homoarginine Associates with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Atrial Fibrillation and Predicts Adverse Events after Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 37511965 PMCID: PMC10381763 DOI: 10.3390/life13071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine is associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain elusive. Here, we evaluated the association of homoarginine with adverse events (i.e., death, stroke, and myocardial infarction) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in stroke patients. In the prospective bioMARKers in STROKE (MARK-STROKE) cohort, patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled. Plasma homoarginine concentrations were analyzed and associated with clinical phenotypes in cross-sectional (374 patients) and prospective (273 patients) analyses. Adjustments for possible confounders were evaluated. A two-fold increase in homoarginine was inversely associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, cIMT, and prevalent atrial fibrillation (mean factor -0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.30, -0.07], -0.14 [95% CI: -0.22, -0.05]; and odds ratio 0.57 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.96], respectively). During the follow-up (median 284 [25th, 75th percentile: 198, 431] days), individuals with homoarginine levels in the highest tertile had fewer incident events compared with patients in the lowest homoarginine tertile independent of traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 0.22 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.63]). A lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation and a reduced cIMT pinpointed potential underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwieren
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Märit Jensen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Laxy
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magalie Milatz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Li C, Zha W, Li W, Wang J, You A. Advances in the Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Their Ecological Functions in Plant Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11561. [PMID: 37511319 PMCID: PMC10380271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolism plays an important role in the adaptation of plants to their environments, particularly by mediating bio-interactions and protecting plants from herbivores, insects, and pathogens. Terpenoids form the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, and their biosynthesis and regulation are extremely complicated. Terpenoids are key players in the interactions and defense reactions between plants, microorganisms, and animals. Terpene compounds are of great significance both to plants themselves and the ecological environment. On the one hand, while protecting plants themselves, they can also have an impact on the environment, thereby affecting the evolution of plant communities and even ecosystems. On the other hand, their economic value is gradually becoming clear in various aspects of human life; their potential is enormous, and they have broad application prospects. Therefore, research on terpenoids is crucial for plants, especially crops. This review paper is mainly focused on the following six aspects: plant terpenes (especially terpene volatiles and plant defense); their ecological functions; their biosynthesis and transport; related synthesis genes and their regulation; terpene homologues; and research and application prospects. We will provide readers with a systematic introduction to terpenoids covering the above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wenjun Zha
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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5
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Dorochow E, Kraus N, Chenaux-Repond N, Pierre S, Kolbinger A, Geisslinger G, Ortiz C, Welsch C, Trebicka J, Gurke R, Hahnefeld L, Klein S, Scholich K. Differential Lipidomics, Metabolomics and Immunological Analysis of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10351. [PMID: 37373497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) are the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. To identify disease-specific pathomechanisms, we analyzed the lipidome, metabolome and immune cell recruitment in livers in both diseases. Mice harboring ASH or NASH had comparable disease severities regarding mortality rate, neurological behavior, expression of fibrosis marker and albumin levels. Lipid droplet size was higher in NASH than ASH and qualitative differences in the lipidome were mainly based on incorporation of diet-specific fatty acids into triglycerides, phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines. Metabolomic analysis showed downregulated nucleoside levels in both models. Here, the corresponding uremic metabolites were only upregulated in NASH suggesting stronger cellular senescence, which was supported by lower antioxidant levels in NASH as compared to ASH. While altered urea cycle metabolites suggest increased nitric oxide synthesis in both models, in ASH, this depended on increased L-homoarginine levels indicating a cardiovascular response mechanism. Interestingly, only in NASH were the levels of tryptophan and its anti-inflammatory metabolite kynurenine upregulated. Fittingly, high-content immunohistochemistry showed a decreased macrophage recruitment and an increased polarization towards M2-like macrophages in NASH. In conclusion, with comparable disease severity in both models, higher lipid storage, oxidative stress and tryptophan/kynurenine levels were seen in NASH, leading to distinct immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dorochow
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nico Kraus
- Center for Internal Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chenaux-Repond
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Kolbinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristina Ortiz
- Center for Internal Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Center for Internal Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B, Hospital of the University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B, Hospital of the University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Aghdassi A, Schwedhelm E, Atzler D, Nauck M, Kühn JP, Kromrey ML, Völzke H, Felix SB, Dörr M, Ittermann T, Bahls M. The relationship between homoarginine and liver biomarkers: a combination of epidemiological and clinical studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5230. [PMID: 36997574 PMCID: PMC10063556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine (hArg) is a non-essential cationic amino acid which inhibits hepatic alkaline phosphatases to exert inhibitory effects on bile secretion by targeting intrahepatic biliary epithelium. We analyzed (1) the relationship between hArg and liver biomarkers in two large population-based studies and (2) the impact of hArg supplementation on liver biomarkers. We assessed the relationship between alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatases (AP), albumin, total bilirubin, cholinesterase, Quick's value, liver fat, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and hArg in appropriately adjusted linear regression models. We analyzed the effect of L-hArg supplemention (125 mg L-hArg daily for 4 weeks) on these liver biomarkers. We included 7638 individuals (men: 3705; premenopausal women: 1866, postmenopausal women: 2067). We found positive associations for hArg and ALT (β 0.38 µkatal/L 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29; 0.48), AST (β 0.29 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.17; 0.41), GGT (β 0.033 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.014; 0.053), Fib-4 score (β 0.08 95% CI 0.03; 0.13), liver fat content (β 0.016% 95% CI 0.006; 0.026), albumin (β 0.030 g/L 95% CI 0.019; 0.040), and cholinesterase (β 0.003 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.002; 0.004) in males. In premenopausal women hArg was positively related with liver fat content (β 0.047% 95%CI 0.013; 0.080) and inversely with albumin (β - 0.057 g/L 95% CI - 0.073; - 0.041). In postmenopausal women hARG was positively associated with AST (β 0.26 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.11; 0.42). hArg supplementation did not affect liver biomarkers. We summarize that hArg may be a marker of liver dysfunction and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A - Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute and Policlinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus University, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Institute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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7
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Koch V, Gruenewald LD, Gruber-Rouh T, Eichler K, Leistner DM, Mahmoudi S, Booz C, Bernatz S, D'Angelo T, Albrecht MH, Alizadeh LS, Nour-Eldin NEA, Scholtz JE, Yel I, Vogl TJ, März W, Hardt SE, Martin SS. Homoarginine in the cardiovascular system: Pathophysiology and recent developments. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:519-529. [PMID: 36509694 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upcoming experimental and epidemiological data have identified the endogenous non-proteinogenic amino acid L-homoarginine (L-hArg) not only as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease but also as being directly involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. The association of low L-hArg levels with adverse cardiovascular events and mortality has proposed the idea of nutritional supplementation to rescue pathways inversely associated with cardiovascular health. Subsequent clinical and experimental studies contributed significantly to our knowledge of potential effects on the cardiorenal axis, acting either as a biomarker or a cardiovascular active agent. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive summary of the L-hArg metabolism, pathophysiological aspects, and current developments in the field of experimental and clinical evidence in favor of protective cardiovascular effects. Establishing a reliable biomarker to identify patients at high risk to die of cardiovascular disease represents one of the main goals for tackling this disease and providing individual therapeutic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Eichler
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Christian Booz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Leona S Alizadeh
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon S Martin
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Wu W, Teng Y, Tian M, Huang B, Deng Y, Li H, Yuan H, Chen J, Li X, Zhou C. Tissue-specific metabolomic profiling after cardiopulmonary bypass in fetal sheep. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1009165. [PMID: 36578834 PMCID: PMC9791045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fetal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is essential to fetal heart surgery, while its development is limited by vital organ dysfunction after CPB. Studying organ metabolism may help to solve this problem. The objective of this study was to describe the tissue-specific metabolic fingerprints of fetal sheep under CPB and to associate them with organ functions. Methods Ten pregnant ewes at 90-120 days of gestation were randomly divided into two groups. The bypass group underwent a 1-h fetal CPB, whereas the control group underwent only a fetal sternotomy. During bypass, echocardiography, blood gases, and blood biochemistry were measured. After bypass, lambs were sacrificed, and tissues of the heart, liver, brain, kidney, and placenta were harvested. The metabolites extracted from these tissues were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Results All tissues except the placenta displayed significant metabolic changes, and the fetal heart displayed obvious functional changes. Fetal sheep that underwent CPB had common and tissue-specific metabolic signatures. These changes can be attributed to dysregulated lipid metabolism, altered amino acid metabolism, and the accumulation of plasticizer metabolism. Conclusion Fetal CPB causes tissue-specific metabolic changes in fetal sheep. Studying these metabolic changes, especially cardiac metabolism, is of great significance for the study of fetal CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohong Li
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China,Chengbin Zhou
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9
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Chetla VS, Khurana A, Bommu S, Laxmi NA, Putty K, Banothu AK, Reddy KK, Bharani KK. Comparative evaluation of the effect of L-Arginine and L-Homoarginine supplementation on reproductive physiology in ewes. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:159-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Yuan X, Cai L, Hu F, Xie L, Chen X, Wu J, Li Q. Evaluation of the predictive values of elevated serum L-homoarginine and dimethylarginines in preeclampsia. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1215-1227. [PMID: 35752997 PMCID: PMC9365731 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
L-homoarginine (hARG) is involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis, but its role and concentration in preeclampsia (PE) have not been fully revealed. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a feasible clinical assay to quantify serum hARG, arginine (ARG), asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginines (SDMA) levels by LC-MS/MS and investigate their differences at different stages of pregnancy with or without preeclampsia. Serum samples were collected from 84 pregnant women without complications (controls), 84 with mild preeclampsia (MPE), and 81 with severe preeclampsia (SPE) at various gestation stages (before the 20th week, during the 20th-28th week or after the 28th week of gestation). No significant difference in ARG levels was observed between PE and controls at any stage (P > 0.05). The serum hARG levels and hARG/ADMA ratios of MPE before the 20th week were higher than those of controls (P < 0.001). ADMA levels of MPE were higher than those of controls during the 20th-28th week (P < 0.01). SDMA levels of SPE were higher than those of MPE (P < 0.01) and controls (P < 0.05) after the 28th week. Elevated serum hARG before the 20th week was identified as an independent predictor for PE (OR = 1.478, 95% CI 1.120-1.950). ROC curve analysis showed serum hARG before the 20th week had a good potential to predict MPE (AUC = 0.875, 95% CI 0.759-0.948). In conclusion, our study indicated that elevated serum hARG and dimethylarginine levels detected by LC-MS/MS might serve as potential biomarkers for the early prediction of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Leiming Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Fengmei Hu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China.
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11
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Koch V, Gruenewald LD, Gruber‐Rouh T, Martin S, Eichler K, Booz C, Yel I, Vogl TJ, Buchner K, Hagenmueller M, März W, Frey N, Hardt SE, Riffel JH. Homoarginine treatment of rats improves cardiac function and remodeling in response to pressure overload. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:992-1004. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | | | | | - Simon Martin
- Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Yel
- Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Kristina Buchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Section for Developmental Genetics University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marco Hagenmueller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH Augsburg Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stefan E. Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes H. Riffel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany
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12
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Jalaleddine N, Hachim M, Al-Hroub H, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Senok A, Elmoselhi A, Mahboub B, Samuel Kurien NM, Kandasamy RK, Semreen MH, Halwani R, Soares NC, Al Heialy S. N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827603. [PMID: 35663953 PMCID: PMC9161728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of the vaccinated population, COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global health burden. Obesity, a metabolic syndrome affecting one-third of the population, has proven to be a major risk factor for COVID-19 severe complications. Several studies have identified metabolic signatures and disrupted metabolic pathways associated with COVID-19, however there are no reports evaluating the role of obesity in the COVID-19 metabolic regulation. In this study we highlight the involvement of obesity metabolically in affecting SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent health complications, mainly cardiovascular disease. We measured one hundred and forty-four (144) metabolites using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) to identify metabolic changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, in lean and obese COVID-19 positive (n=82) and COVID-19 negative (n=24) patients. The identified metabolites are found to be mainly correlating with glucose, energy and steroid metabolisms. Further data analysis indicated twelve (12) significantly yet differentially abundant metabolites associated with viral infection and health complications, in COVID-19 obese patients. Two of the detected metabolites, n6-acetyl-l-lysine and p-cresol, are detected only among the COVID-19 cohort, exhibiting significantly higher levels in COVID-19 obese patients when compared to COVID-19 lean patients. These metabolites have important roles in viral entry and could explain the increased susceptibility of obese patients. On the same note, a set of six metabolites associated with antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions displayed significantly lower abundance in COVID-19 obese patients. In conclusion, this report highlights the plasma metabolome of COVID-19 obese patients as a metabolic feature and signature to help improve clinical outcomes. We propose n6-acetyl-l-lysine and p-cresol as potential metabolic markers which warrant further investigations to better understand their involvement in different metabolic pathways in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Jalaleddine
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamza Al-Hroub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel Elmoselhi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nimmi Moni Samuel Kurien
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Gessner A, Gemeinhardt A, Bosch A, Kannenkeril D, Staerk C, Mayr A, Fromm MF, Schmieder RE, Maas R. Effects of treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors on arginine-related cardiovascular and renal biomarkers. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:4. [PMID: 34991562 PMCID: PMC8740418 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors improve glycaemic control as well as cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Their effects on L-arginine (Arg) related risk markers asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) and the protective biomarker L-homoarginine (hArg) linking T2D to cardiovascular and renal disease have not yet been reported. METHODS Plasma and 24-h urine samples taken before and after 6 weeks of treatment were available from two prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trials with empagliflozin (71 patients analyzed, NCT02471963) and dapagliflozin (59 patients analyzed, NCT02383238). In these samples, concentrations of hArg, Arg, ADMA, SDMA, and creatinine were determined by liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry. Additionally, intraindividual changes of the biomarkers in plasma were correlated with intraindividual changes of clinical parameters. RESULTS Treatment with empagliflozin and dapagliflozin was associated with a reduction of plasma hArg by 17.5% and 13.7% (both p < 0.001), respectively, and increase in plasma SDMA concentration of 6.7% and 3.6%, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05), while plasma Arg and ADMA concentrations were not significantly altered. 24-h urinary excretion of ADMA was reduced by 15.2% after treatment with empagliflozin (p < 0.001) but not after dapagliflozin treatment, while excretion of the other markers was not significantly altered. Renal clearance of SDMA was reduced by 9.1% and 3.9% for both drugs (both p < 0.05). A reduction in ADMA clearance was observable after empagliflozin treatment only (- 15.5%, p < 0.001), but not after dapagliflozin. Renal clearance of hArg and Arg was not significantly altered. Treatment effects on L-arginine related biomarkers were not constantly correlated with effects on glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors has divergent effects on Arg-related biomarkers and could affect risk estimates associated with these markers. The observed effects are unlikely to explain the known cardiovascular and renal benefits of treatment with empagliflozin or dapagliflozin but still may indicate new therapeutic approaches in patients treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02471963 (registered 15th June 2015, retrospectively registered) and NCT02383238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Gessner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gemeinhardt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Staerk
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renke Maas
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Mohanty I, Moore SG, Biggs JS, Freeman CJ, Gaul DA, Garg N, Agarwal V. Stereochemical Assignment and Absolute Abundance of Nonproteinogenic Amino Acid Homoarginine in Marine Sponges. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33200-33205. [PMID: 34901671 PMCID: PMC8656204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Together with arginine, the nonproteinogenic amino acid homoarginine is a substrate for the production of vasodilator nitric oxide in the human body. In marine sponges, homoarginine has been postulated to serve as a precursor for the biosynthesis of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid and bromotyrosine alkaloid classes of natural products. The absolute abundance of homoarginine, its abundance relative to arginine, and its stereochemical assignment in marine sponges are not known. Here, using stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry, we quantify the absolute abundances of homoarginine and arginine in marine sponges. We find that the abundance of homoarginine is highly variable and can far exceed the concentration of arginine, even in sponges where incorporation of homoarginine in natural products cannot be rationalized. The [homoarginine]/[arginine] ratio in marine sponges is greater than that in human analytes. By derivatization of sponge extracts with Marfey's reagent and comparison with authentic standards, we determine the l-isomer of homoarginine to be exclusively present in sponges. Our results shed light on the presence of the high abundance of homoarginine in marine sponge metabolomes and provide the foundation to investigate the biosynthetic routes and physiological roles of this nonproteinogenic amino acid in sponge physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jason S. Biggs
- University
of Guam Marine Laboratory, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, United States
| | - Christopher J. Freeman
- Department
of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
- Smithsonian
Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - David A. Gaul
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Neha Garg
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Sotgia S, Berlinguer F, Porcu C, Pasciu V, Molle G, Dattena M, Gallus M, Bassu S, Mangoni AA, Carru C, Zinellu A. Plasma homoarginine concentrations in ewe's pregnancy and association with the number of fetuses. Res Vet Sci 2021; 144:175-180. [PMID: 34823870 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A striking increase in homoarginine concentrations, about more than 100-fold that observed in humans, was recently reported during pregnancy in a nutritionally induced model of intra-uterine growth restriction in ewes. To determine whether this phenomenon is at least partially related to the nutritional regimen, estrus synchronization, or analytical method, thirty-four one-year-old primiparous, non-synchronized, and well-fed Sarda breed ewes were exposed to fertile rams allowing those who came into estrus to naturally mate. Plasma arginine, homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, mono methylarginine, and citrulline concentrations were measured in each sample using LC-MS/MS. Homoarginine concentrations showed a 44-fold variation between the highest and the lowest values while the fluctuations of arginine and its analogues and metabolites were much smaller, between 1.1 and 1.6-fold. Repeated-measures correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between homoarginine/arginine and arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratios (Rm = -0.40; P < 0.000001). Furthermore, median homoarginine concentrations significantly increased with the number of fetuses. The marked increase in homoarginine concentrations with advancing gestational age is genuine and independent of mating, feeding, diet, and hormone treatment. The higher homoarginine concentrations found in ewes bearing multiple fetuses suggest the presence of a physiological link between this arginine analog and energy metabolism in pregnancy that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Christian Porcu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Bassu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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16
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Serum Metabolites Responding in a Dose-Dependent Manner to the Intake of a High-Fat Meal in Normal Weight Healthy Men Are Associated with Obesity. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060392. [PMID: 34208710 PMCID: PMC8233812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the composition of the human blood metabolome is influenced both by the health status of the organism and its dietary behavior, the interaction between these two factors has been poorly characterized. This study makes use of a previously published randomized controlled crossover acute intervention to investigate whether the blood metabolome of 15 healthy normal weight (NW) and 17 obese (OB) men having ingested three doses (500, 1000, 1500 kcal) of a high-fat (HF) meal can be used to identify metabolites differentiating these two groups. Among the 1024 features showing a postprandial response, measured between 0 h and 6 h, in the NW group, 135 were dose-dependent. Among these 135 features, 52 had fasting values that were significantly different between NW and OB men, and, strikingly, they were all significantly higher in OB men. A subset of the 52 features was identified as amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids) and amino acid derivatives. As the fasting concentration of most of these metabolites has already been associated with metabolic dysfunction, we propose that challenging normal weight healthy subjects with increasing caloric doses of test meals might allow for the identification of new fasting markers associated with obesity.
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17
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Transport of L-Arginine Related Cardiovascular Risk Markers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123975. [PMID: 33302555 PMCID: PMC7764698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine and its derivatives, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) and L-homoarginine, have emerged as cardiovascular biomarkers linked to cardiovascular outcomes and various metabolic and functional pathways such as NO-mediated endothelial function. Cellular uptake and efflux of L-arginine and its derivatives are facilitated by transport proteins. In this respect the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1 and CAT2 (SLC7A1 and SLC7A2) and the system y+L amino acid transporters (SLC7A6 and SLC7A7) have been most extensively investigated, so far, but the number of transporters shown to mediate the transport of L-arginine and its derivatives is constantly increasing. In the present review we assess the growing body of evidence regarding the function, expression, and clinical relevance of these transporters and their possible relation to cardiovascular diseases.
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18
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Zaric BL, Radovanovic JN, Gluvic Z, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Motwalli O, Gojobori T, Isenovic ER. Atherosclerosis Linked to Aberrant Amino Acid Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Amino Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551758. [PMID: 33117340 PMCID: PMC7549398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global health concern and responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other type of disorder. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the arterial wall, which underpins several types of cardiovascular disease. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in amino acid (AA) metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have reported positive correlations between levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, valine, and isoleucine in plasma and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances. Elevated serum levels of BCAAs indicate a high cardiometabolic risk. Thus, BCAAs may also impact atherosclerosis prevention and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for specific individuals at risk of coronary events. The metabolism of AAs, such as L-arginine, homoarginine, and L-tryptophan, is recognized as a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. Dietary intake of homoarginine, taurine, and glycine can improve atherosclerosis by endothelium remodeling. Available data also suggest that the regulation of AA metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginases 1 and 2 are mediated through various immunological signals and that immunosuppressive AA metabolizing enzymes are promising therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis. Further clinical studies and basic studies that make use of animal models are required. Here we review recent data examining links between AA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozidarka L. Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena N. Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center, Computer (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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19
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Mohanty I, Moore SG, Yi D, Biggs JS, Gaul DA, Garg N, Agarwal V. Precursor-Guided Mining of Marine Sponge Metabolomes Lends Insight into Biosynthesis of Pyrrole-Imidazole Alkaloids. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2185-2194. [PMID: 32662980 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids are natural products isolated from marine sponges, holobiont metazoans that are associated with symbiotic microbiomes. Pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids have attracted attention due to their chemical complexity and their favorable pharmacological properties. However, insights into how these molecules are biosynthesized within the sponge holobionts are scarce. Here, we provide a multiomic profiling of the microbiome and metabolomic architectures of three sponge genera that are prolific producers of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Using a retrobiosynthetic scheme as a guide, we mine the metabolomes of these sponges to detect intermediates in pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that the nonproteinogenic amino acid homoarginine is a critical branch point that connects primary metabolite lysine to the production of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. These insights are derived from the polar metabolomes of these sponges which additionally reveal the presence of zwitterionic betaines that may serve important ecological roles in marine habitats. We also establish that metabolomic richness does not correlate with microbial diversity of the sponge holobiont for neither the polar nor the nonpolar metabolomes. Our findings now provide the biochemical foundation for genomic interrogation of the sponge holobiont to establish biogenetic routes for pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dongqi Yi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jason S. Biggs
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao 96923, Guam
| | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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20
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Tao Y, Lin B. Reconstitution of the Ornithine Cycle with Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase to Engineer Escherichia coli into an Efficient Whole-Cell Catalyst of Guanidinoacetate. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2066-2075. [PMID: 32702969 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Guanidino compounds can be synthesized by transamidination reactions using arginine as a guanidine group donor. The efficiency of guanidino biosynthesis is often affected by the supply of arginine and the inhibition of the coproduct ornithine. To alleviate this shortcoming, we designed a reconstituted ornithine cycle in Escherichia coli to engineer an efficient whole-cell catalyst for guanidinoacetate (GAA) production by introducing a heterogeneous arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT). To alleviate the inhibition of ornithine, a citrulline synthetic module was constructed and optimized by introducing a glutamine self-sufficient system. Then, to improve the pathway from citrulline to arginine, an aspartate self-sufficient system was introduced into the arginine synthetic module. By combining these modules (GAA, citrulline, and arginine synthetic modules), a reconstituted ornithine cycle was developed, which significantly improved the biocatalyst efficiency (3.9-fold increase). In the system, arginine was regenerated efficiently through the reconstituted ornithine cycle, which converted arginine from a substrate to a cofactor for the transamidination reaction, thereby relieving the ornithine inhibition. Moreover, the amidino group of GAA in this system was mainly supplied by carbon and nitrogen assimilation. After the engineering process, 8.61 g/L GAA (73.56 mM) with a productivity of 0.39 g/L/h was achieved in a 22 h bioconversion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that GAA has been produced in E. coli. This reconstructed ornithine cycle could be used as a transamidination platform for amidino group supply and has potential applications in the biosynthesis of other guanidino compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baixue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Graf A, Trofimova L, Ksenofontov A, Baratova L, Bunik V. Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy. Cells 2020; 9:E139. [PMID: 31936131 PMCID: PMC7016955 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Function of brain amino acids as neurotransmitters or their precursors implies changes in the amino acid levels and/or metabolism in response to physiological and environmental challenges. Modelling such challenges by pregnancy and/or hypoxia, we characterize the amino acid pool in the rat cerebellum, quantifying the levels and correlations of 15 amino acids and activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC). The parameters are systemic indicators of metabolism because OGDHC limits the flux through mitochondrial TCA cycle, where amino acids are degraded and their precursors synthesized. Compared to non-pregnant state, pregnancy increases the cerebellar content of glutamate and tryptophan, decreasing interdependence between the quantified components of amino acid metabolism. In response to hypoxia, the dependence of cerebellar amino acid pool on OGDHC and the average levels of arginine, glutamate, lysine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan increase in non-pregnant rats only. This is accompanied by a higher hypoxic resistance of the non-pregnant vs. pregnant rats, pointing to adaptive significance of the hypoxia-induced changes in the cerebellar amino acid metabolism. These adaptive mechanisms are not effective in the pregnancy-changed metabolic network. Thus, the cerebellar amino acid levels and OGDHC activity provide sensitive markers of the physiology-dependent organization of metabolic network and its stress adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (L.T.)
- Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational and Cognitive and Socio-humanistic Sciences and Technologies at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Trofimova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Alexander Ksenofontov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Lyudmila Baratova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Victoria Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Вiochemistry Department, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Circulating Concentrations of Key Regulators of Nitric Oxide Production in Undernourished Sheep Carrying Single and Multiple Fetuses. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010065. [PMID: 31905930 PMCID: PMC7023428 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study aimed to determine the blood concentrations of L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and L-homoarginine, modulating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in single, twin. and triplet pregnancies in ewes undergoing either dietary energy restriction or receiving 100% of their energy requirements. Blood concentrations of L-arginine, of its metabolites. and the ratio between NO synthesis boosters and inhibitors are altered in energy-restricted ewes, these alterations being higher in ewes carrying multiple fetuses. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the blood concentrations of L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and L-homoarginine, which are regulators of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, in single, twin, and triplet pregnancies in ewes undergoing either a dietary energy restriction or receiving 100% of their energy requirements. From day 24 to 100 of pregnancy, the ewes were fed ryegrass hay and two different iso-proteic concentrates fulfilling either 100% of ewes’ energy requirements (control group; n = 30, 14 singleton pregnancies, 12 twin pregnancies, and 4 triplet pregnancies) or only 45% (feed-restricted group; n = 29; 11 singleton pregnancies, 15 twin pregnancies, and 3 triplet pregnancies). Blood samples were collected monthly to measure, by capillary electrophoresis, the circulating concentrations of arginine, ADMA, homoarginine, SDMA, and of other amino acids not involved in NO synthesis to rule out possible direct effects of diet restriction on their concentrations. No differences between groups were observed in the circulating concentrations of most of the amino acids investigated. L-homoarginine increased markedly in both groups during pregnancy (p < 0.001). SDMA (p < 0.01), L-arginine, and ADMA concentrations were higher in feed-restricted ewes than in controls. The L-arginine/ADMA ratio, an indicator of NO production by NOS, decreased towards term without differences between groups. The ADMA/SDMA ratio, an index of the ADMA degrading enzyme activity, was higher in controls than in feed-restricted ewes (p < 0.001). Obtained results show that circulating concentrations of L-arginine, of its metabolites, and the ratio between NO synthesis boosters and inhibitors are altered in energy-restricted ewes, and that these alterations are more marked in ewes carrying multiple fetuses.
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Che D, Adams S, Zhao B, Qin G, Jiang H. Effects of Dietary L-arginine Supplementation from Conception to Post- Weaning in Piglets. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:736-749. [PMID: 30678624 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weaned piglets experience sudden changes in their dietary patterns such as withdrawal from the easily digestible watery milk to a coarse cereal diet with both systemic and intestinal disruptions coupling with the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins which affects the immune system and the concentrations of haptoglobin including both positive and negative acute-phase proteins in the plasma. L-arginine is an important protein amino acid for piglets, but its inadequate synthesis is a nutritional problem for both sows and piglets. Recent studies indicated that dietary supplementation of L-arginine increased feed intake, uterine growth, placental growth and nutrient transport, maternal growth and health, embryonic survival, piglets birth weight, piglet's growth, and productivity, and decreased stillbirths. L-arginine is essential in several important pathways involved in the growth and development of piglets such as nitric oxide synthesis, energy metabolism, polyamine synthesis, cellular protein production and muscle accretion, and the synthesis of other functional amino acids. However, the underlying molecular mechanism in these key pathways remains largely unresolved. This review was conducted on the general hypothesis that L-arginine increased the growth and survival of post-weaning piglets. We discussed the effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation during gestation, parturition, lactation, weaning, and post-weaning in pigs as each of these stages influences the health and survival of sows and their progenies. Therefore, the aim of this review was to discuss through a logical approach the effects of L-arginine supplementation on piglet's growth and survival from conception to postweaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Seidu Adams
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Hailong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
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24
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Razquin C, Ruiz-Canela M, Clish CB, Li J, Toledo E, Dennis C, Liang L, Salas-Huetos A, Pierce KA, Guasch-Ferré M, Corella D, Ros E, Estruch R, Gómez-Gracia E, Fitó M, Lapetra J, Romaguera D, Alonso-Gómez A, Serra-Majem L, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Martínez-González MA. Lysine pathway metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED study: results from two case-cohort studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:151. [PMID: 31722714 PMCID: PMC6852717 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires the identification of new predictor biomarkers. Biomarkers potentially modifiable with lifestyle changes deserve a special interest. Our aims were to analyze: (a) The associations of lysine, 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) or pipecolic acid with the risk of T2D or CVD in the PREDIMED trial; (b) the effect of the dietary intervention on 1-year changes in these metabolites, and (c) whether the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions can modify the effects of these metabolites on CVD or T2D risk. Methods Two unstratified case-cohort studies nested within the PREDIMED trial were used. For CVD analyses, we selected 696 non-cases and 221 incident CVD cases; for T2D, we included 610 non-cases and 243 type 2 diabetes incident cases. Metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, at baseline and after 1-year of intervention. Results In weighted Cox regression models, we found that baseline lysine (HR+1 SD increase = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.51) and 2-AAA (HR+1 SD increase = 1.28; 95% CI 1.05–1.55) were both associated with a higher risk of T2D, but not with CVD. A significant interaction (p = 0.032) between baseline lysine and T2D on the risk of CVD was observed: subjects with prevalent T2D and high levels of lysine exhibited the highest risk of CVD. The intervention with MedDiet did not have a significant effect on 1-year changes of the metabolites. Conclusions Our results provide an independent prospective replication of the association of 2-AAA with future risk of T2D. We show an association of lysine with subsequent CVD risk, which is apparently diabetes-dependent. No evidence of effects of MedDiet intervention on lysine, 2-AAA or pipecolic acid changes was found. Trial registration ISRCTN35739639; registration date: 05/10/2005; recruitment start date 01/10/2003
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDI-BAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), University Hospital of Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Spain.,Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Spain.
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Mangoni AA, Rodionov RN, McEvoy M, Zinellu A, Carru C, Sotgia S. New horizons in arginine metabolism, ageing and chronic disease states. Age Ageing 2019; 48:776-782. [PMID: 31268522 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of the metabolic pathways of the amino acid arginine and their role in health and disease have been an intensive focus of basic and clinical research for over a century. The recent advent of robust analytical techniques for biomarker assessment in large population cohorts has allowed the investigation of the pathophysiological role of specific arginine metabolites in key chronic disease states in old age, particularly those characterised by a reduced synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide, with consequent vascular disease and atherosclerosis. Two arginine metabolites have been increasingly studied in regard to their potential role in risk stratification and in the identification of novel therapeutic targets: the methylated arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the arginine analogue homoarginine. Higher circulating concentrations of ADMA, a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, have been shown to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes. By contrast, there is emerging evidence that homoarginine might exert cardioprotective effects. This review highlights recent advances in the biological and clinical role of ADMA and homoarginine in cardiovascular disease and other emerging fields, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and depression. It also discusses opportunities for future research directions with the ultimate goal of translating knowledge of arginine metabolism, and its role in health and disease, into the clinical care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU-SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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