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Lancaster T, Creese B, Escott-Price V, Driver I, Menzies G, Khan Z, Corbett A, Ballard C, Williams J, Murphy K, Chandler H. Proof-of-concept recall-by-genotype study of extremely low and high Alzheimer's polygenic risk reveals autobiographical deficits and cingulate cortex correlates. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:213. [PMID: 38087383 PMCID: PMC10714651 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies demonstrate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a highly polygenic architecture, where thousands of independent genetic variants explain risk with high classification accuracy. This AD polygenic risk score (AD-PRS) has been previously linked to preclinical cognitive and neuroimaging features observed in asymptomatic individuals. However, shared variance between AD-PRS and neurocognitive features are small, suggesting limited preclinical utility. METHODS Here, we recruited sixteen clinically asymptomatic individuals (mean age 67; range 58-76) with either extremely low / high AD-PRS (defined as at least 2 standard deviations from the wider sample mean (N = 4504; N EFFECTIVE = 90)) with comparable age sex and education level. We assessed group differences in autobiographical memory and T1-weighted structural neuroimaging features. RESULTS We observed marked reductions in autobiographical recollection (Cohen's d = - 1.66; P FDR = 0.014) and midline structure (cingulate) thickness (Cohen's d = - 1.55, P FDR = 0.05), with no difference in hippocampal volume (P > 0.3). We further confirm the negative association between AD-PRS and cingulate thickness in a larger study with a comparable age (N = 31,966, β = - 0.002, P = 0.011), supporting the validity of our approach. CONCLUSIONS These observations conform with multiple streams of prior evidence suggesting alterations in cingulate structures may occur in individuals with higher AD genetic risk. We were able to use a genetically informed research design strategy that significantly improved the efficiency and power of the study. Thus, we further demonstrate that the recall-by-genotype of AD-PRS from wider samples is a promising approach for the detection, assessment, and intervention in specific individuals with increased AD genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lancaster
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Byron Creese
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, west London, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Driver
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Georgina Menzies
- Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zunera Khan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- Deptartment of Health & Community Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julie Williams
- Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kevin Murphy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hannah Chandler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Korbmacher M, Wang M, Eikeland R, Buchert R, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Leonardsen E, Westlye LT, Maximov II, Specht K. Considerations on brain age predictions from repeatedly sampled data across time. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3219. [PMID: 37587620 PMCID: PMC10570486 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain age, the estimation of a person's age from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, has been used as a general indicator of health. The marker requires however further validation for application in clinical contexts. Here, we show how brain age predictions perform for the same individual at various time points and validate our findings with age-matched healthy controls. METHODS We used densely sampled T1-weighted MRI data from four individuals (from two densely sampled datasets) to observe how brain age corresponds to age and is influenced by acquisition and quality parameters. For validation, we used two cross-sectional datasets. Brain age was predicted by a pretrained deep learning model. RESULTS We found small within-subject correlations between age and brain age. We also found evidence for the influence of field strength on brain age which replicated in the cross-sectional validation data and inconclusive effects of scan quality. CONCLUSION The absence of maturation effects for the age range in the presented sample, brain age model bias (including training age distribution and field strength), and model error are potential reasons for small relationships between age and brain age in densely sampled longitudinal data. Clinical applications of brain age models should consider of the possibility of apparent biases caused by variation in the data acquisition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Korbmacher
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
| | - Meng‐Yun Wang
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Rune Eikeland
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyOslo New University CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Esten Leonardsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ivan I. Maximov
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of EducationUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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3
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Avesta A, Hui Y, Aboian M, Duncan J, Krumholz HM, Aneja S. 3D Capsule Networks for Brain Image Segmentation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:562-568. [PMID: 37080721 PMCID: PMC10171390 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current autosegmentation models such as UNets and nnUNets have limitations, including the inability to segment images that are not represented during training and lack of computational efficiency. 3D capsule networks have the potential to address these limitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 3430 brain MRIs, acquired in a multi-institutional study, to train and validate our models. We compared our capsule network with standard alternatives, UNets and nnUNets, on the basis of segmentation efficacy (Dice scores), segmentation performance when the image is not well-represented in the training data, performance when the training data are limited, and computational efficiency including required memory and computational speed. RESULTS The capsule network segmented the third ventricle, thalamus, and hippocampus with Dice scores of 95%, 94%, and 92%, respectively, which were within 1% of the Dice scores of UNets and nnUNets. The capsule network significantly outperformed UNets in segmenting images that were not well-represented in the training data, with Dice scores 30% higher. The computational memory required for the capsule network is less than one-tenth of the memory required for UNets or nnUNets. The capsule network is also >25% faster to train compared with UNet and nnUNet. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a capsule network that is effective in segmenting brain images, can segment images that are not well-represented in the training data, and is computationally efficient compared with alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avesta
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.A., M.A., J.D.)
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology (A.A., Y.H., S.A.)
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (A.A., Y.H., H.M.K., S.A.)
| | - Y Hui
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology (A.A., Y.H., S.A.)
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (A.A., Y.H., H.M.K., S.A.)
| | - M Aboian
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.A., M.A., J.D.)
| | - J Duncan
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.A., M.A., J.D.)
- Departments of Statistics and Data Science (J.D.)
- Biomedical Engineering (J.D., S.A.), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - H M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (A.A., Y.H., H.M.K., S.A.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.M.K.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - S Aneja
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology (A.A., Y.H., S.A.)
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (A.A., Y.H., H.M.K., S.A.)
- Biomedical Engineering (J.D., S.A.), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Avesta A, Hossain S, Lin M, Aboian M, Krumholz HM, Aneja S. Comparing 3D, 2.5D, and 2D Approaches to Brain Image Auto-Segmentation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020181. [PMID: 36829675 PMCID: PMC9952534 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep-learning methods for auto-segmenting brain images either segment one slice of the image (2D), five consecutive slices of the image (2.5D), or an entire volume of the image (3D). Whether one approach is superior for auto-segmenting brain images is not known. We compared these three approaches (3D, 2.5D, and 2D) across three auto-segmentation models (capsule networks, UNets, and nnUNets) to segment brain structures. We used 3430 brain MRIs, acquired in a multi-institutional study, to train and test our models. We used the following performance metrics: segmentation accuracy, performance with limited training data, required computational memory, and computational speed during training and deployment. The 3D, 2.5D, and 2D approaches respectively gave the highest to lowest Dice scores across all models. 3D models maintained higher Dice scores when the training set size was decreased from 3199 MRIs down to 60 MRIs. 3D models converged 20% to 40% faster during training and were 30% to 50% faster during deployment. However, 3D models require 20 times more computational memory compared to 2.5D or 2D models. This study showed that 3D models are more accurate, maintain better performance with limited training data, and are faster to train and deploy. However, 3D models require more computational memory compared to 2.5D or 2D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Avesta
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sajid Hossain
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - MingDe Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Visage Imaging, Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Mariam Aboian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Harlan M. Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sanjay Aneja
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-200-2100; Fax: +1-203-737-1467
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Keo A, Dzyubachyk O, van der Grond J, van Hilten JJ, Reinders MJT, Mahfouz A. Transcriptomic Signatures Associated With Regional Cortical Thickness Changes in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:733501. [PMID: 34658772 PMCID: PMC8519261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.733501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical atrophy is a common manifestation in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in advanced stages of the disease. To elucidate the molecular underpinnings of cortical thickness changes in PD, we performed an integrated analysis of brain-wide healthy transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and patterns of cortical thickness based on T1-weighted anatomical MRI data of 149 PD patients and 369 controls. For this purpose, we used partial least squares regression to identify gene expression patterns correlated with cortical thickness changes. In addition, we identified gene expression patterns underlying the relationship between cortical thickness and clinical domains of PD. Our results show that genes whose expression in the healthy brain is associated with cortical thickness changes in PD are enriched in biological pathways related to sumoylation, regulation of mitotic cell cycle, mitochondrial translation, DNA damage responses, and ER-Golgi traffic. The associated pathways were highly related to each other and all belong to cellular maintenance mechanisms. The expression of genes within most pathways was negatively correlated with cortical thickness changes, showing higher expression in regions associated with decreased cortical thickness (atrophy). On the other hand, sumoylation pathways were positively correlated with cortical thickness changes, showing higher expression in regions with increased cortical thickness (hypertrophy). Our findings suggest that alterations in the balanced interplay of these mechanisms play a role in changes of cortical thickness in PD and possibly influence motor and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlin Keo
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Oleh Dzyubachyk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marcel J. T. Reinders
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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6
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Molinder A, Ziegelitz D, Maier SE, Eckerström C. Validity and reliability of the medial temporal lobe atrophy scale in a memory clinic population. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:289. [PMID: 34301202 PMCID: PMC8305846 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visual rating of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is often performed in conjunction with dementia workup. Most prior studies involved patients with known or probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigated the validity and reliability of MTA in a memory clinic population. Methods MTA was rated in 752 MRI examinations, of which 105 were performed in cognitively healthy participants (CH), 184 in participants with subjective cognitive impairment, 249 in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and 214 in patients with dementia, including AD, subcortical vascular dementia and mixed dementia. Hippocampal volumes, measured manually or using FreeSurfer, were available in the majority of cases. Intra- and interrater reliability was tested using Cohen’s weighted kappa. Correlation between MTA and quantitative hippocampal measurements was ascertained with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Moreover, diagnostic ability of MTA was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and suitable, age-dependent MTA thresholds were determined. Results Rater agreement was moderate to substantial. MTA correlation with quantitative volumetric methods ranged from -0.20 (p< 0.05) to -0.68 (p < 0.001) depending on the quantitative method used. Both MTA and FreeSurfer are able to distinguish dementia subgroups from CH. Suggested age-dependent MTA thresholds are 1 for the age group below 75 years and 1.5 for the age group 75 years and older. Conclusions MTA can be considered a valid marker of medial temporal lobe atrophy and may thus be valuable in the assessment of patients with cognitive impairment, even in a heterogeneous patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Molinder
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Blå stråket 5, Gothenburg, 413 46, Sweden.
| | - Doerthe Ziegelitz
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan E Maier
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl Eckerström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Pagen LHG, van de Ven VG, Gronenschild EHBM, Priovoulos N, Verhey FRJ, Jacobs HIL. Contributions of Cerebro-Cerebellar Default Mode Connectivity Patterns to Memory Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:633-647. [PMID: 32310164 PMCID: PMC7458511 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebral default mode network (DMN) can be mapped onto specific regions in the cerebellum, which are specifically vulnerable to atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. OBJECTIVE We set out to determine whether there are specific differences in the interaction between the cerebral and cerebellar DMN in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients compared to healthy controls using resting-state functional MRI and whether these differences are relevant for memory performance. METHODS Eighteen patients with aMCI were age and education-matched to eighteen older adults and underwent 3T MR-imaging. We performed seed-based functional connectivity analysis between the cerebellar DMN seeds and the cerebral DMN. RESULTS Our results showed that compared to healthy older adults, aMCI patients showed lower anti-correlation between the cerebellar DMN and several cerebral DMN regions. Additionally, we showed that degradation of the anti-correlation between the cerebellar DMN and the medial frontal cortex is correlated with worse memory performance in aMCI patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that the cerebellar DMN and cerebral DMN are negatively correlated during rest in older individuals, and suggest that the reduced anti-correlated impacts the modulatory role of the cerebellum on cognitive functioning, in particular on the executive component of memory functions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H G Pagen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent G van de Ven
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ed H B M Gronenschild
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikos Priovoulos
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Regional brain volumetric changes despite 2 years of treatment initiated during acute HIV infection. AIDS 2020; 34:415-426. [PMID: 31725432 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in regional brain volumes after 24 months among individuals who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) within weeks of HIV exposure. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of Thai participants in the earliest stages of HIV-1infection. METHODS Thirty-four acutely HIV-infected individuals (AHI; Fiebig I-V) underwent brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy at 1.5 T and immediately initiated cART. Imaging was repeated at 24 months. Regional brain volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer's longitudinal pipeline. Voxel-wise analyses using tensor-based morphometry (TBM) were conducted to verify regional assessments. Baseline brain metabolite levels, blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers assessed by ELISA, and peripheral blood monocyte phenotypes measured by flow cytometry were examined as predictors of significant volumetric change. RESULTS Participants were 31 ± 8 years old. The estimated mean duration of infection at cART initiation was 15 days. Longitudinal analyses revealed reductions in volumes of putamen (P < 0.001) and caudate (P = 0.006). TBM confirmed significant atrophy in the putamen and caudate, and also in thalamic and hippocampal regions. In exploratory post-hoc analyses, higher baseline frequency of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-expressing total monocytes correlated with greater caudate volumetric decrease (ρ = 0.67, P = 0.017), whereas the baseline density of PSGL-1-expressing inflammatory (CD14CD16) monocytes correlated with putamen atrophy (ρ = 0.65, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Suppressive cART initiated during AHI may not prevent brain atrophy. Volumetric decrease appears greater than expected age-related decline, although examination of longitudinal change in demographically similar HIV-uninfected Thai individuals is needed. Mechanisms underlying progressive HIV-related atrophy may include early activation and enhanced adhesive and migratory capacity of circulating monocyte populations.
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Bartos A, Gregus D, Ibrahim I, Tintěra J. Brain volumes and their ratios in Alzheimer´s disease on magnetic resonance imaging segmented using Freesurfer 6.0. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 287:70-74. [PMID: 31003044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ratios between opposing volumes from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide additional information to volumes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain three-dimensional MPRAGE MRI at 3T were segmented into 44 regions using FreeSurfer v6 in 75 participants. The region's size in absolute volumes and relative proportions to the whole brain volume were compared between 39 AD patients and 36 age-, education- and sex-matched normal controls (NC). Volumes of the most atrophied parts were related to the opposing volumes of the most enlarged parts as ratios. The most atrophic structures in AD were both hippocampi. By contrast, the greatest enlargements in AD were inferior parts of both lateral ventricles. The best ratio for each side was the hippocampo-horn proportion calculated as ratio: the hippocampus / (the hippocampus + inferior lateral ventricle). Its optimal cut-off of 74% yielded sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 78% on the left and sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 78% on the right. The hippocampo-horn proportion is another measure to evaluate the degree of hippocampal atrophy on brain MRI in percentages. It has a potential to be simplified into a comparison of two-dimensional corresponding areas or a visual assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Bartos
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czechia; Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Department of Neurology, AD Center, Šrobárova 50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czechia.
| | - David Gregus
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czechia; Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Department of Neurology, AD Center, Šrobárova 50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czechia
| | | | - Jaroslav Tintěra
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czechia; Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czechia
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10
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Characterizing Fatigue-Related White Matter Changes in MS: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9050122. [PMID: 31137831 PMCID: PMC6562940 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Few cross-sectional studies have investigated the correlation between neurochemical changes and multiple sclerosis (MS) fatigue, but little is known on the fatigue-related white matter differences between time points. We aim to investigate the longitudinal neurometabolite profile of white matter in MS fatigue. Forty-eight relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) ≤ 4 underwent high field 1H-multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at baseline and year 1. Fatigue severity was evaluated by the fatigue severity scale (FSS). Patients were divided into low (LF, FSS ≤ 3), moderate (MF, FSS = 3.1–5), and high fatigue (HF, FSS ≥ 5.1) groups. In a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we observed a decline in the ratio of the sum of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) to the sum of creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) in the right anterior quadrant (RAQ) and left anterior quadrant (LAQ) of the MRS grid in the HF group at baseline and year 1. This decline was significant when compared with the LF group (p = 0.018 and 0.020). In a one-way ANOVA, the fatigue group effect was significant and the ratio difference in the right posterior quadrant (RPQ) and left posterior quadrant (LPQ) of the HF group was also significant (p = 0.012 and 0.04). Neurochemical changes in the bilateral frontal white matter and possibly parietooccipital areas were noted in the HF group at two different time points. Our findings may shed some light on the pathology of MS fatigue.
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Macey PM, Prasad JP, Ogren JA, Moiyadi AS, Aysola RS, Kumar R, Yan-Go FL, Woo MA, Albert Thomas M, Harper RM. Sex-specific hippocampus volume changes in obstructive sleep apnea. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:305-317. [PMID: 30101062 PMCID: PMC6083433 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients show hippocampal-related autonomic and neurological symptoms, including impaired memory and depression, which differ by sex, and are mediated in distinct hippocampal subfields. Determining sites and extent of hippocampal sub-regional injury in OSA could reveal localized structural damage linked with OSA symptoms. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were collected from 66 newly-diagnosed, untreated OSA (mean age ± SD: 46.3 ± 8.8 years; mean AHI ± SD: 34.1 ± 21.5 events/h;50 male) and 59 healthy age-matched control (46.8 ± 9.0 years;38 male) participants. We added age-matched controls with T1-weighted scans from two datasets (IXI, OASIS-MRI), for 979 controls total (426 male/46.5 ± 9.9 years). We segmented the hippocampus and analyzed surface structure with “FSL FIRST” software, scaling volumes for brain size, and evaluated group differences with ANCOVA (covariates: total-intracranial-volume, sex; P < .05, corrected). Results In OSA relative to controls, the hippocampus showed small areas larger volume bilaterally in CA1 (surface displacement ≤0.56 mm), subiculum, and uncus, and smaller volume in right posterior CA3/dentate (≥ − 0.23 mm). OSA vs. control males showed higher bilateral volume (≤0.61 mm) throughout CA1 and subiculum, extending to head and tail, with greater right-sided increases; lower bilateral volumes (≥ − 0.45 mm) appeared in mid- and posterior-CA3/dentate. OSA vs control females showed only right-sided effects, with increased CA1 and subiculum/uncus volumes (≤0.67 mm), and decreased posterior CA3/dentate volumes (≥ − 0.52 mm). Unlike males, OSA females showed volume decreases in the right hippocampus head and tail. Conclusions The hippocampus shows lateralized and sex-specific, OSA-related regional volume differences, which may contribute to sex-related expression of symptoms in the sleep disorder. Volume increases suggest inflammation and glial activation, whereas volume decreases suggest long-lasting neuronal injury; both processes may contribute to dysfunction in OSA. The hippocampus in OSA shows areas of increased and decreased volume. The injury is sex-specific, in subregions related to symptoms in females and males. Injury may be inflammation (volume increases) or cell death (volume decreases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Janani P Prasad
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer A Ogren
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ammar S Moiyadi
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ravi S Aysola
- Medicine-Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Frisca L Yan-Go
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Mary A Woo
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - M Albert Thomas
- Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ronald M Harper
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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12
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Yarraguntla K, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Lichtman-Mikol S, Razmjou S, Bao F, Sriwastava S, Santiago-Martinez C, Khan O, Bernitsas E. Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue: A Longitudinal Structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:650-655. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yarraguntla
- Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory; Wayne State School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - N. Seraji-Bozorgzad
- Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory; Wayne State School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - S. Lichtman-Mikol
- Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory; Wayne State School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - S. Razmjou
- Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory; Wayne State School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - F. Bao
- Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory; Wayne State School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - S. Sriwastava
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - C. Santiago-Martinez
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - O. Khan
- Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory; Wayne State School of Medicine; Detroit MI
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI
| | - E. Bernitsas
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit MI
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13
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Xie H, Claycomb Erwin M, Elhai JD, Wall JT, Tamburrino MB, Brickman KR, Kaminski B, McLean SA, Liberzon I, Wang X. Relationship of Hippocampal Volumes and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Over Early Posttrauma Periods. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:968-975. [PMID: 30409391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smaller hippocampal volume is associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms years after traumatic experiences. Posttraumatic stress symptoms appear early following trauma, but the relationship between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptom severity during early posttrauma periods is not well understood. It is possible that the inverse relationship between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptom severity is already present soon after trauma. To test this possibility, we prospectively examined the association between hippocampal volumes and severity of PTSD symptoms within weeks to months after trauma due to a motor vehicle collision. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of 44 survivors were collected about 2 weeks and again at 3 months after a motor vehicle collision to measure hippocampal volumes. The PTSD Checklist was used to evaluate PTSD symptoms at each scan time. Full (n = 5) or partial (n = 6) PTSD was evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale at 3 months. RESULTS Left hippocampal volumes at both time points negatively correlated with PTSD Checklist scores, and with subscores for re-experiencing symptoms at 3 months. Left hippocampal volumes at 3 months also negatively correlated with hyperarousal symptoms at 3 months. Finally, neither left nor right hippocampal volumes significantly changed between 2 weeks and 3 months posttrauma. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that small hippocampal volume at early posttrauma weeks is associated with increased risk for PTSD development. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between hippocampal volume and PTSD symptoms at 3 months did not arise from posttrauma shifts in hippocampal volume between 2 weeks and 3 months after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - John T Wall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | | | - Brian Kaminski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.
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14
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Waugh JL, Kuster JK, Levenstein JM, Makris N, Multhaupt-Buell TJ, Sudarsky LR, Breiter HC, Sharma N, Blood AJ. Thalamic Volume Is Reduced in Cervical and Laryngeal Dystonias. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155302. [PMID: 27171035 PMCID: PMC4865047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia, a debilitating movement disorder characterized by abnormal fixed positions and/or twisting postures, is associated with dysfunction of motor control networks. While gross brain lesions can produce secondary dystonias, advanced neuroimaging techniques have been required to identify network abnormalities in primary dystonias. Prior neuroimaging studies have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of dystonia, but few directly assessed the gross volume of motor control regions, and to our knowledge, none identified abnormalities common to multiple types of idiopathic focal dystonia. METHODS We used two gross volumetric segmentation techniques and one voxelwise volumetric technique (voxel based morphometry, VBM) to compare regional volume between matched healthy controls and patients with idiopathic primary focal dystonia (cervical, n = 17, laryngeal, n = 7). We used (1) automated gross volume measures of eight motor control regions using the FreeSurfer analysis package; (2) blinded, anatomist-supervised manual segmentation of the whole thalamus (also gross volume); and (3) voxel based morphometry, which measures local T1-weighted signal intensity and estimates gray matter density or volume at the level of single voxels, for both whole-brain and thalamus. RESULTS Using both automated and manual gross volumetry, we found a significant volume decrease only in the thalamus in two focal dystonias. Decreases in whole-thalamic volume were independent of head and brain size, laterality of symptoms, and duration. VBM measures did not differ between dystonia and control groups in any motor control region. CONCLUSIONS Reduced thalamic gross volume, detected in two independent analyses, suggests a common anatomical abnormality in cervical dystonia and spasmodic dysphonia. Defining the structural underpinnings of dystonia may require such complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L. Waugh
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of Child Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John K. Kuster
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Jacob M. Levenstein
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Nikos Makris
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Lewis R. Sudarsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anne J. Blood
- Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
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15
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de Vos F, Schouten TM, Hafkemeijer A, Dopper EGP, van Swieten JC, de Rooij M, van der Grond J, Rombouts SARB. Combining multiple anatomical MRI measures improves Alzheimer's disease classification. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1920-9. [PMID: 26915458 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several anatomical MRI markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified. Hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and grey matter density have been used successfully to discriminate AD patients from controls. These anatomical MRI measures have so far mainly been used separately. The full potential of anatomical MRI scans for AD diagnosis might thus not yet have been used optimally. In this study, we therefore combined multiple anatomical MRI measures to improve diagnostic classification of AD. For 21 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 21 cognitively normal controls, we calculated (i) cortical thickness, (ii) cortical area, (iii) cortical curvature, (iv) grey matter density, (v) subcortical volumes, and (vi) hippocampal shape. These six measures were used separately and combined as predictors in an elastic net logistic regression. We made receiver operating curve plots and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to determine classification performance. AUC values for the single measures ranged from 0.67 (cortical thickness) to 0.94 (grey matter density). The combination of all six measures resulted in an AUC of 0.98. Our results demonstrate that the different anatomical MRI measures contain complementary information. A combination of these measures may therefore improve accuracy of AD diagnosis in clinical practice. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1920-1929, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank de Vos
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
| | - Tijn M Schouten
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Hafkemeijer
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
| | - Elise G P Dopper
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, VU Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Mark de Rooij
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
| | | | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
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16
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Orellana C, Ferreira D, Muehlboeck JS, Mecocci P, Vellas B, Tsolaki M, Kłoszewska I, Soininen H, Lovestone S, Simmons A, Wahlund LO, Westman E. Measuring Global Brain Atrophy with the Brain Volume/Cerebrospinal Fluid Index: Normative Values, Cut-Offs and Clinical Associations. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 16:77-86. [PMID: 26726737 DOI: 10.1159/000442443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global brain atrophy is present in normal aging and different neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is becoming widely used to monitor disease progression. SUMMARY The brain volume/cerebrospinal fluid index (BV/CSF index) is validated in this study as a measurement of global brain atrophy. We tested the ability of the BV/CSF index to detect global brain atrophy, investigated the influence of confounders, provided normative values and cut-offs for mild, moderate and severe brain atrophy, and studied associations with different outcome variables. A total of 1,009 individuals were included [324 healthy controls, 408 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 277 patients with AD]. Magnetic resonance images were segmented using FreeSurfer, and the BV/CSF index was calculated and studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (1-year follow-up). Both AD patients and MCI patients who progressed to AD showed greater global brain atrophy compared to stable MCI patients and controls. Atrophy was associated with older age, larger intracranial volume, less education and presence of the ApoE ε4 allele. Significant correlations were found with clinical variables, CSF biomarkers and several cognitive tests. KEY MESSAGES The BV/CSF index may be useful for staging individuals according to the degree of global brain atrophy, and for monitoring disease progression. It also shows potential for predicting clinical changes and for being used in the clinical routine.
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17
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Structural Image Analysis of the Brain in Neuropsychology Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Techniques. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:224-49. [PMID: 26280751 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain provides exceptional image quality for visualization and neuroanatomical classification of brain structure. A variety of image analysis techniques provide both qualitative as well as quantitative methods to relate brain structure with neuropsychological outcome and are reviewed herein. Of particular importance are more automated methods that permit analysis of a broad spectrum of anatomical measures including volume, thickness and shape. The challenge for neuropsychology is which metric to use, for which disorder and the timing of when image analysis methods are applied to assess brain structure and pathology. A basic overview is provided as to the anatomical and pathoanatomical relations of different MRI sequences in assessing normal and abnormal findings. Some interpretive guidelines are offered including factors related to similarity and symmetry of typical brain development along with size-normalcy features of brain anatomy related to function. The review concludes with a detailed example of various quantitative techniques applied to analyzing brain structure for neuropsychological outcome studies in traumatic brain injury.
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18
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Patel VS, Kelly S, Wright C, Gupta CN, Arias-Vasquez A, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Ehrlich S, Wang L, Bustillo JR, Morris D, Corvin A, Cannon DM, McDonald C, Donohoe G, Calhoun VD, Turner JA. MIR137HG risk variant rs1625579 genotype is related to corpus callosum volume in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:44-9. [PMID: 26123324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies implicate the MIR137HG risk variant rs1625579 (MIR137HGrv) within the host gene for microRNA-137 as a potential regulator of schizophrenia susceptibility. We examined the influence of MIR137HGrv genotype on 17 subcortical and callosal volumes in a large sample of individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls (n=841). Although the volumes were overall reduced relative to healthy controls, for individuals with schizophrenia the homozygous MIR137HGrv risk genotype was associated with attenuated reduction of mid-posterior corpus callosum volume (p=0.001), along with trend-level effects in the adjacent central and posterior corpus callosum. These findings are unique in the literature and remain robust after analysis in ethnically homogenous and single-scanner subsets of the larger sample. Thus, our study suggests that the mechanisms whereby MIR137HGrv works to increase schizophrenia risk are not those that generate the corpus callosum volume reductions commonly found in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena S Patel
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Carrie Wright
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Cota Navin Gupta
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lei Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Departments of Psychology and Neurosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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