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Kountouras J, Boziki M, Kazakos E, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Nella M, Bakirtzis C, Karafoulidou E, Vardaka E, Mouratidou MC, Kyrailidi F, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Orovou E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Deretzi G, Grigoriadis N, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome on mast cell activation-related pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105724. [PMID: 38508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of relevant research suggesting a pathogenic linkage between H. pylori infection and MetS-related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly through mechanisms involving brain pericyte deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, elevated lipoprotein-a, galectin-3 overexpression, atrial fibrillation, and gut dysbiosis, has raised stimulating questions regarding their pathophysiology and its translational implications for clinicians. An additional stimulating aspect refers to H. pylori and MetS-related activation of innate immune cells, mast cells (MC), which is an important, often early, event in systemic inflammatory pathologies and related brain disorders. Synoptically, MC degranulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and MetS-related obesity, adipokine effects, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness, an early indicator of atherosclerosis associated with cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Meningeal MC can be activated by triggers including stress and toxins resulting in vascular changes and neurodegeneration. Likewise, H.pylori and MetS-related MC activation is linked with: (a) vasculitis and thromboembolic events that increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and (b) gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration, whereas modulation of gut microbiota and MC activation may promote neuroprotection. This narrative review investigates the intricate relationship between H. pylori infection, MetS, MC activation, and their collective impact on pathophysiological processes linked to neurodegeneration. Through a comprehensive search of current literature, we elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori and MetS contribute to MC activation, subsequently triggering cascades of inflammatory responses. This highlights the role of MC as key mediators in the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing their involvement in neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal damage. Although further research is warranted, we provide a novel perspective on the pathophysiology and management of brain disorders by exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting H. pylori eradication, MetS management, and modulation of MC to mitigate neurodegeneration risk while promoting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria C Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Gastroklinik, Private Gastroenterological Practice, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
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Carey A, Parodi‐Rullan R, Vazquez‐Torres R, Canepa E, Fossati S. Homocysteine potentiates amyloid β -induced death receptor 4- and 5-mediated cerebral endothelial cell apoptosis, blood brain barrier dysfunction and angiogenic impairment. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14106. [PMID: 38358083 PMCID: PMC11113365 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction has been implicated as a major contributor to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, with cerebral endothelial cell (cEC) stress promoting ischemia, cerebral-blood flow impairments and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular (CV)/cerebrovascular risk factors, including hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy), exacerbate AD pathology and risk. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this interaction remain unclear. Our lab has demonstrated that amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) species, and particularly Aβ40-E22Q (AβQ22; vasculotropic Dutch mutant), promote death receptor 4 and 5 (DR4/DR5)-mediated apoptosis in human cECs, barrier permeability, and angiogenic impairment. Previous studies show that Hhcy also induces EC dysfunction, but it remains unknown whether Aβ and homocysteine function through common molecular mechanisms. We tested the hypotheses that Hhcy exacerbates Aβ-induced cEC DR4/5-mediated apoptosis, barrier dysfunction, and angiogenesis defects. This study was the first to demonstrate that Hhcy specifically potentiates AβQ22-mediated activation of the DR4/5-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway in cECs, including DR4/5 expression, caspase 8/9/3 activation, cytochrome-c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, we revealed that Hhcy intensifies the deregulation of the same cEC junction proteins mediated by Aβ, precipitating BBB permeability. Furthermore, Hhcy and AβQ22, impairing VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling and VEGFR2 endosomal trafficking, additively decrease cEC angiogenic capabilities. Overall, these results show that the presence of the CV risk factor Hhcy exacerbates Aβ-induced cEC apoptosis, barrier dysfunction, and angiogenic impairment. This study reveals specific mechanisms through which amyloidosis and Hhcy jointly operate to produce brain EC dysfunction and death, highlighting new potential molecular targets against vascular pathology in comorbid AD/CAA and Hhcy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carey
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rebecca Parodi‐Rullan
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rafael Vazquez‐Torres
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elisa Canepa
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Department of Neural Sciences, Alzheimer's Center at TempleTemple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Wang X, Liu L, Jiang X, Saredy J, Xi H, Cueto R, Sigler D, Khan M, Wu S, Ji Y, Snyder NW, Hu W, Yang X, Wang H. Identification of methylation-regulated genes modulating microglial phagocytosis in hyperhomocysteinemia-exacerbated Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:164. [PMID: 37789414 PMCID: PMC10546779 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been linked to development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ). Microglia (MG) play a crucial role in uptake of Aβ fibrils, and its dysfunction worsens AD. However, the effect of HHcy on MG Aβ phagocytosis remains unstudied. METHODS We isolated MG from the cerebrum of HHcy mice with genetic cystathionine-β-synthase deficiency (Cbs-/-) and performed bulk RNA-seq. We performed meta-analysis over transcriptomes of Cbs-/- mouse MG, human and mouse AD MG, MG Aβ phagocytosis model, human AD methylome, and GWAS AD genes. RESULTS HHcy and hypomethylation conditions were identified in Cbs-/- mice. Through Cbs-/- MG transcriptome analysis, 353 MG DEGs were identified. Phagosome formation and integrin signaling pathways were found suppressed in Cbs-/- MG. By analyzing MG transcriptomes from 4 AD patient and 7 mouse AD datasets, 409 human and 777 mouse AD MG DEGs were identified, of which 37 were found common in both species. Through further combinatory analysis with transcriptome from MG Aβ phagocytosis model, we identified 130 functional-validated Aβ phagocytic AD MG DEGs (20 in human AD, 110 in mouse AD), which reflected a compensatory activation of Aβ phagocytosis. Interestingly, we identified 14 human Aβ phagocytic AD MG DEGs which represented impaired MG Aβ phagocytosis in human AD. Finally, through a cascade of meta-analysis of transcriptome of AD MG, functional phagocytosis, HHcy MG, and human AD brain methylome dataset, we identified 5 HHcy-suppressed phagocytic AD MG DEGs (Flt1, Calponin 3, Igf1, Cacna2d4, and Celsr) which were reported to regulate MG/MΦ migration and Aβ phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS We established molecular signatures for a compensatory response of Aβ phagocytosis activation in human and mouse AD MG and impaired Aβ phagocytosis in human AD MG. Our discoveries suggested that hypomethylation may modulate HHcy-suppressed MG Aβ phagocytosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hang Xi
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Danni Sigler
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, USA.
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Carey A, Fossati S. Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:671-695. [PMID: 36401868 PMCID: PMC9931659 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent evidence on how mid-life hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and blood pressure variability, as well as late-life hypotension, exacerbate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk. Intriguingly, HHcy also increases the risk for hypertension, revealing the importance of understanding the relationship between comorbid cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension-induced dementia presents more evidently in women, highlighting the relevance of sex differences in the impact of cardiovascular risk. We summarize each major antihypertensive drug class's effects on cognitive impairment and AD pathology, revealing how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, diuretics modulating cerebral blood flow, have recently gained preclinical evidence as promising treatment against AD. We also report novel vascular biomarkers for AD and dementia risk, highlighting those associated with hypertension and HHcy. Importantly, we propose that future studies should consider hypertension and HHcy as potential contributors to cognitive impairment, and that uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers would aid in the identification of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carey
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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5
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Dietary vitamin B6 restriction aggravates neurodegeneration in mice fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2022; 309:121041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Liu X, Sun P, Yang J, Fan Y. Biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:969185. [PMID: 36119691 PMCID: PMC9475115 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.969185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) has been found to have a strong association with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and functional loss in elderly patients. At present, the diagnosis of CSVD mainly relies on brain neuroimaging markers, but they cannot fully reflect the overall picture of the disease. Currently, some biomarkers were found to be related to CSVD, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to systematically review and summarize studies on the progress of biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of CSVD, which is mainly the relationship between these indicators and neuroimaging markers of CSVD. Concerning the pathophysiological mechanism of CSVD, the biomarkers of CSVD have been described as several categories related to sporadic and genetic factors. Monitoring of biomarkers might contribute to the early diagnosis and progression prediction of CSVD, thus providing ideas for better diagnosis and treatment of CSVD.
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Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives: An Insight into Prospective Phytotherapeutic Approach against Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5100904. [PMID: 35450410 PMCID: PMC9017558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. AD is still the most prevalent form of dementia and affects many individuals across the globe. The exact cause of the disorder is obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD's progress. Plenty of natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed in preclinical and clinical settings for neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. In addition, natural products and their derivatives have been promising in treating and preventing AD. Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role in the pathological molecular mechanisms of AD development. This review focuses on natural products from plant sources and their derivatives that have demonstrated neuroprotective activities and maybe promising to treat and prevent AD. In addition, this article summarizes the literature pertaining to natural products as agents in the treatment of AD. Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack of BBB permeability, and limited bioavailability are shortcomings of most bioactive molecules in treating AD. We can use nanotechnology and nanocarriers based on different types of approaches.
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8
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Kountouras J, Doulberis M, Polyzos SA, Kazakos E, Vardaka E, Touloumtzi M, Manolakis A, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Liatsos C, Sotiriades ES, Ntona S, Papaefthymiou A. Impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome with hyperhomocysteinemia on extragastric pathologies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:407-408. [PMID: 34894006 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - M Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - S A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - E Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - E Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - M Touloumtzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - A Manolakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Larisa, Greece
| | - M Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.,School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Kozani, Macedonia, Greece
| | - C Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Attiki, Greece
| | - E S Sotiriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economic and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S Ntona
- Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.,First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Larisa, Greece
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Homocysteine-Thiolactone Modulates Gating of Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) and Protects It from Induced Oxidative Stress. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:79-97. [PMID: 35103807 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The gating of the Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) is linked to oxidative stress through increased generation of mitochondrial ROS with increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). It has been already reported that H2O2 increases the single-channel conductance of VDAC on a bilayer lipid membrane. On the other hand, homocysteine (Hcy) has been reported to induce mitochondria-mediated cell death. It is argued that the thiol-form of homocysteine, HTL could be the plausible molecule responsible for the alteration in the function of proteins, such as VDAC. It is hypothesized that HTL interacts with VDAC that causes functional abnormalities. An investigation was undertaken to study the interaction of HTL with VDAC under H2O2 induced oxidative stress through biophysical and electrophysiological methods. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies indicate that HTL interacts with VDAC, but under induced oxidative stress the effect is prevented partially. Similarly, bilayer electrophysiology studies suggest that HTL shows a reduction in VDAC single-channel conductance, but the effects are partially prevented under an oxidative environment. Gly172 and His181 are predicted through bioinformatics tools to be the most plausible binding residues of HTL in Rat VDAC. The binding of HTL and H2O2 with VDAC appears to be cooperative as per our analysis of experimental data in the light of the Hill-Langmuir equation. The binding energies are estimated to be - 4.7 kcal mol-1 and - 2.8 kcal mol-1, respectively. The present in vitro studies suggest that when mitochondrial VDAC is under oxidative stress, the effects of amino acid metabolites like HTL are suppressed.
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Nieraad H, Pannwitz N, de Bruin N, Geisslinger G, Till U. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Metabolic Role and Animal Studies with a Focus on Cognitive Performance and Decline-A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1546. [PMID: 34680179 PMCID: PMC8533891 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the one-carbon metabolism are often indicated by altered levels of the endogenous amino acid homocysteine (HCys), which is additionally discussed to causally contribute to diverse pathologies. In the first part of the present review, we profoundly and critically discuss the metabolic role and pathomechanisms of HCys, as well as its potential impact on different human disorders. The use of adequate animal models can aid in unravelling the complex pathological processes underlying the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Therefore, in the second part, we systematically searched PubMed/Medline for animal studies regarding HHCys and focused on the potential impact on cognitive performance and decline. The majority of reviewed studies reported a significant effect of HHCys on the investigated behavioral outcomes. Despite of persistent controversial discussions about equivocal findings, especially in clinical studies, the present evaluation of preclinical evidence indicates a causal link between HHCys and cognition-related- especially dementia-like disorders, and points out the further urge for large-scale, well-designed clinical studies in order to elucidate the normalization of HCys levels as a potential preventative or therapeutic approach in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Tawfik A, Elsherbiny NM, Zaidi Y, Rajpurohit P. Homocysteine and Age-Related Central Nervous System Diseases: Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126259. [PMID: 34200792 PMCID: PMC8230490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is remarkably common among the aging population. The relation between HHcy and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and eye diseases, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly people, has been established. Disruption of the blood barrier function of the brain and retina is one of the most important underlying mechanisms associated with HHcy-induced neurodegenerative and retinal disorders. Impairment of the barrier function triggers inflammatory events that worsen disease pathology. Studies have shown that AD patients also suffer from visual impairments. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina has been suggested as a prominent site of AD pathology. This review highlights inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism of HHcy-induced barrier dysfunction and neurovascular injury in aging diseases accompanied by HHcy, focusing on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Eye Research Institue, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2582; Fax: +1-706-721-9415
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yusra Zaidi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (N.M.E.); (Y.Z.); (P.R.)
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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12
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Kovalska M, Baranovicova E, Kalenska D, Tomascova A, Adamkov M, Kovalska L, Lehotsky J. Methionine Diet Evoked Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Hippocampal Alterations, Metabolomics Plasma Changes and Behavioral Pattern in Wild Type Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4961. [PMID: 34066973 PMCID: PMC8124831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-methionine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cell physiology. High intake and/or dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism results in accumulation of its intermediate(s) or breakdown products in plasma, including homocysteine (Hcy). High level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), is considered to be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, stroke and dementias. To evoke a mild hHcy in adult male Wistar rats we used an enriched Met diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day in duration of 4 weeks. The study contributes to the exploration of the impact of Met enriched diet inducing mild hHcy on nervous tissue by detecting the histo-morphological, metabolomic and behavioural alterations. We found an altered plasma metabolomic profile, modified spatial and learning memory acquisition as well as remarkable histo-morphological changes such as a decrease in neurons' vitality, alterations in the morphology of neurons in the selective vulnerable hippocampal CA 1 area of animals treated with Met enriched diet. Results of these approaches suggest that the mild hHcy alters plasma metabolome and behavioural and histo-morphological patterns in rats, likely due to the potential Met induced changes in "methylation index" of hippocampal brain area, which eventually aggravates the noxious effect of high methionine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Kalenska
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Libusa Kovalska
- Clinic of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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13
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Deng X, Teng J, Nong X, Yu B, Tang L, Liang J, Zou Z, Liu Q, Zhou L, Li Q, Zhao L. Characteristics of TCM Constitution and Related Biomarkers for Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1115-1124. [PMID: 33907404 PMCID: PMC8068505 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s290692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is on the rise, early detection of cognitive impairment of the elderly is very important. In traditional Chinese medicine, constitution is related to the susceptibility of the human body to diseases. Based on the theory of constitution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the human population can be classified into 9 constitutions. However, little is known about the characteristics of medical constitution and related biomarkers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We measured the TCM Constitution of 214 subjects by using the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ). MMSE and MoCA were used to assess cognitive function. The subjects were divided into mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, n = 152) and normal control group (NC, n = 62). The levels of serum Hcy and serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2α were determined. RESULTS 1) It was found that there was a significant difference in constitution types between MCI and NC. There were significant differences in MMSE and MoCA score, serum Hcy and serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2a levels between the two groups. 2) In logistic regression analysis, the variables with statistical significance were TCM Constitution of Yang-Deficient, Phlegm-Dampness, Blood-Stasis and abnormal increase of Hcy (OR>1). 3) The MoCA scores had a positive correlation with the MMSE. A statistically significant inverse association was found between serum Hcy, blood and urine 8-iso-PGF 2a and scores of cognitive assessment in MCI. CONCLUSION Constitution types (Yang-Deficient, Phlegm-Dampness and Blood-Stasis) and abnormal serum Hcy elevation can be used as risk factors for MCI. MoCA scores can serve to detect MCI at early stage. Serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2α has a certain relationship with MCI. Higher levels of serum/urine 8-iso-PGF 2α are more likely to be associated with MCI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Deng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Teng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiucheng Nong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bihan Yu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Tang
- The Xinhu Outpatient Clinic of the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuocheng Zou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Xinhu Outpatient Clinic of the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Medical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qirong Li
- Renai Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Scheffer S, Hermkens DMA, van der Weerd L, de Vries HE, Daemen MJAP. Vascular Hypothesis of Alzheimer Disease: Topical Review of Mouse Models. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1265-1283. [PMID: 33626911 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.311911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.S., D.M.A.H., M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Dorien M A Hermkens
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.S., D.M.A.H., M.J.A.P.D.)
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Departments of Radiology & Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (L.v.d.W.)
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.E.d.V.)
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (S.S., D.M.A.H., M.J.A.P.D.)
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15
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Cao Y, Su N, Zhang D, Zhou L, Yao M, Zhang S, Cui L, Zhu Y, Ni J. Correlation between total homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1931-1938. [PMID: 33377242 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a clinical imaging syndrome with diverse etiology. Total homocysteine (HCY) level might increase the risk of myocardial and cerebral infarction by damaging the vascular endothelium. We aimed to explore the correlation between total HCY and CSVD imaging burden, based on Mendelian randomization methods. METHODS A total of 1,023 participants of the Shunyi study, a population-based cohort study, were included. Vascular risk factors, total HCY levels and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations (C677T and A1298C) were examined. CSVD imaging markers, including lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensity, enlarged perivascular space and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were also assessed. RESULTS Mutations of C677T were significantly correlated with increased total HCY levels (CC→TT: β = 0.28, p < 0.0001), while mutations of A1298C were correlated with decreased total HCY levels (AA→AC: β = -0.13, p < 0.0001; AA→CC: β = -0.25, p = 0.004). In the Mendelian randomization study, the C677T genotype was significantly associated with lacunes (CC→CT: odds ratio [OR] 2.76, p = 0.008; CC→TT: OR 2.50, p = 0.018), and the A1298C genotype was significantly correlated with BPF (AA→CC: β = 1.32, p = 0.015). Similarly, in multivariate regression analysis, total HCY levels were significantly correlated with lacunes (OR 2.14, p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with BPF (β = -0.55, p = 0.004). Age, sex and vascular risk factors were adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS Total HCY level was correlated with imaging burden of CSVD, especially with lacunes and brain volume loss. For individuals with risk genetic predisposition, enhanced homocysteine-lowering strategies might be necessary to reduce the risk and progress of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Abstract
Life expectancy in most developed countries has been rising over the past century. In the UK alone, there are about 12 million people over 65 years old and centenarians have increased by 85% in the past 15 years. As a result of the ageing population, which is due mainly to improvements in medical treatments, public health, improved housing and lifestyle choices, there is an associated increase in the prevalence of pathological conditions, such as metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, many types of cancer and others. Statistics suggest that nearly 54% of elderly people in the UK live with at least two chronic conditions, revealing the urgency for identifying interventions that can prevent and/or treat such disorders. Non-pharmacological, dietary interventions such as energetic restriction (ER) and methionine restriction (MR) have revealed promising outcomes in increasing longevity and preventing and/or reversing the development of ageing-associated disorders. In this review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that are involved in these processes. Fibroblast growth factor 1 and hydrogen sulphide are important molecules involved in the effects of ER and MR in the extension of life span. Their role is also associated with the prevention of metabolic and cognitive disorders, highlighting these interventions as promising modulators for improvement of health span.
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17
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Jiang B, Yao G, Yao C, Zheng N. The effect of folate and VitB12 in the treatment of MCI patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 81:65-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Zlokovic BV, Gottesman RF, Bernstein KE, Seshadri S, McKee A, Snyder H, Greenberg SM, Yaffe K, Schaffer CB, Yuan C, Hughes TM, Daemen MJ, Williamson JD, González HM, Schneider J, Wellington CL, Katusic ZS, Stoeckel L, Koenig JI, Corriveau RA, Fine L, Galis ZS, Reis J, Wright JD, Chen J. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): A report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1714-1733. [PMID: 33030307 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are characterized by the aging neurovascular unit being confronted with and failing to cope with biological insults due to systemic and cerebral vascular disease, proteinopathy including Alzheimer's biology, metabolic disease, or immune response, resulting in cognitive decline. This report summarizes the discussion and recommendations from a working group convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to evaluate the state of the field in VCID research, identify research priorities, and foster collaborations. As discussed in this report, advances in understanding the biological mechanisms of VCID across the wide spectrum of pathologies, chronic systemic comorbidities, and other risk factors may lead to potential prevention and new treatment strategies to decrease the burden of dementia. Better understanding of the social determinants of health that affect risks for both vascular disease and VCID could provide insight into strategies to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sudha Seshadri
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio and Boston University, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ann McKee
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven M Greenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Chun Yuan
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mat J Daemen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luke Stoeckel
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James I Koenig
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roderick A Corriveau
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Fine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zorina S Galis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jue Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Maternal choline supplementation ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology by reducing brain homocysteine levels across multiple generations. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2620-2629. [PMID: 30622336 PMCID: PMC6697226 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is alarming, considering the number of people currently affected by this disorder and the projected increase over the next few decades. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels double the risk of developing AD. Choline, a primary dietary source of methyl groups, converts Hcy to methionine and reduces age-dependent cognitive decline. Here, we tested the transgenerational benefits of maternal choline supplementation (ChS; 5.0 g/kg choline chloride) in two generations (Gen) of APP/PS1 mice. We first exposed 2.5-month-old mice to the ChS diet and allowed them to breed with each other to generate Gen-1 mice. Gen-1 mice were exposed to the ChS diet only during gestation and lactation; once weaned at postnatal day 21, Gen-1 mice were then kept on the control diet for the remainder of their life. We also bred a subset of Gen-1 mice to each other and obtained Gen-2 mice; these mice were never exposed to ChS. We found that ChS reduced Aβ load and microglia activation, and improved cognitive deficits in old Gen-1 and Gen-2 APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistically, these changes were linked to a reduction in brain Hcy levels in both generations. Further, RNA-Seq data from APP/PS1 hippocampal tissue revealed that ChS significantly changed the expression of 27 genes. These genes were enriched for inflammation, histone modifications, and neuronal death functional classes. Our results are the first to demonstrate a transgenerational benefit of ChS and suggest that modifying the maternal diet with additional choline reduces AD pathology across multiple generations.
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20
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Zeltser N, Meyer I, Hernandez GV, Trahan MJ, Fanter RK, Abo-Ismail M, Glanz H, Strand CR, Burrin DG, La Frano MR, Manjarín R, Maj M. Neurodegeneration in juvenile Iberian pigs with diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E592-E606. [PMID: 32744096 PMCID: PMC7864229 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00120.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether juvenile Iberian pigs with diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cholestasis, and gut dysbiosis would develop histological and metabolic markers of neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex (FC) and whether supplementing probiotics would influence the response to the diet. Twenty-eight juvenile Iberian pigs were fed for 10 wk either a control (CON) or high-fructose high-fat (HFF) diet with or without a commercial probiotic mixture. Compared with CON, HFF-fed pigs had a decreased number of neurons and an increase in reactive astrocytes in FC tissue. There was also a decrease in one-carbon metabolites choline and betaine and a marked accumulation of bile acids, cholesteryl esters, and polyol pathway intermediates in FC of HFF-fed pigs, which were associated with markers of neurodegeneration and accentuated with the severity of NAFLD. Betaine depletion in FC tissue was negatively correlated with choline-derived phospholipids in colon content, whereas primary conjugated bile acids in FC were associated with cholestasis. Plasma kynurenine-to-tryptophan quotient, as a marker of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, and intestinal dysbiosis were also correlated with neuronal loss and astrogliosis. Recognition memory test and FC levels of amyloid-β and phosphorylated Tau did not differ between diets, whereas probiotics increased amyloid-β and memory loss in HFF-fed pigs. In conclusion, our results show evidence of neurodegeneration in FC of juvenile Iberian pigs and establish a novel pediatric model to investigate the role of gut-liver-brain axis in diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zeltser
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Isabell Meyer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriella V Hernandez
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Matthew J Trahan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Rob K Fanter
- College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Mohammed Abo-Ismail
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Hunter Glanz
- Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Christine R Strand
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Rodrigo Manjarín
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Magdalena Maj
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
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21
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Blood total antioxidant status is associated with cortical glucose uptake and factors related to accelerated aging. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:841-851. [PMID: 32048020 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cerebral vulnerability in late life is of paramount importance to prevent pathological trajectories of aging before the onset of symptoms. Considerable evidence suggests that impaired antioxidant mechanisms are a fingerprint of aging-related conditions, but there is a lack of human research linking total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured in peripheral blood to in vivo brain changes and other factors featuring accelerated aging. To address this issue, we have assessed in cognitively normal elderly subjects (N = 100) correlations between serum TAC, using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, surface-based cortical thickness, surface-based 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography cortical uptake, and different factors associated with accelerated aging [i.e., serum homocysteine (HCY), self-reported memory problems, and self-reported patterns of physical activity]. While no relationship was observed between serum TAC and variations in cortical thickness, decreased TAC level was significantly associated with lower FDG uptake in temporal lobes bilaterally. Remarkably, decreased TAC level was linked to increased HCY concentrations, more subjective memory complaints, and lower frequency of physical activity. Overall, our results suggest that decreased serum TAC level may be helpful to detect vulnerable trajectories of aging.
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22
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Salissou MTM, Mahaman YAR, Zhu F, Huang F, Wang Y, Xu Z, Ke D, Wang Q, Liu R, Wang JZ, Zhang B, Wang X. Methanolic extract of Tamarix Gallica attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia induced AD-like pathology and cognitive impairments in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3229-3248. [PMID: 30425189 PMCID: PMC6286848 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although few drugs are available today for the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and many plants and their extracts are extensively employed in animals’ studies and AD patients, yet no drug or plant extract is able to reverse AD symptoms adequately. In the present study, Tamarix gallica (TG), a naturally occurring plant known for its strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic properties, was evaluated on homocysteine (Hcy) induced AD-like pathology and cognitive impairments in rats. We found that TG attenuated Hcy-induced oxidative stress and memory deficits. TG also improved neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation by upregulating synaptic proteins such as PSD95 and synapsin 1 and downregulating inflammatory markers including CD68 and GFAP with concomitant decrease in proinflammatory mediators interlukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). TG attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites through decreasing some kinases and increasing phosphatase activities. Moreover, TG rescued amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology through downregulating BACE1. Our data for the first time provide evidence that TG attenuates Hcy-induced AD-like pathological changes and cognitive impairments, making TG a promising candidate for the treatment of AD-associated pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhendong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, China
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Di Meco A, Li JG, Barrero C, Merali S, Praticò D. Elevated levels of brain homocysteine directly modulate the pathological phenotype of a mouse model of tauopathy. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1696-1706. [PMID: 29728702 PMCID: PMC6215750 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A high circulating level of homocysteine (Hcy), also known as hyperhomocysteinemia, is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies show that elevated Hcy promotes brain amyloidosis and behavioral deficits in mouse models of AD. However, whether it directly modulates the development of tau neuropathology independently of amyloid beta in vivo is unknown. Herein, we investigate the effect of diet-induced elevated levels of brain Hcy on the phenotype of a relevant mouse model of human tauopathy. Compared with controls, tau mice fed with low folate and B vitamins diet had a significant increase in brain Hcy levels and worsening of behavioral deficits. The same mice had a significant elevation of tau phosphorylation, synaptic pathology, and astrocytes activation. In vitro studies demonstrated that Hcy effect on tau phosphorylation was mediated by an upregulation of 5-lipoxygenase via cdk5 kinase pathway activation. Our findings support the novel concept that high Hcy level in the central nervous system is a metabolic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, specifically characterized by the progressive accumulation of tau pathology, namely tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Meco
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Carlos Barrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, 19140
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Patil P, Thakur A, Sharma A, Flora SJS. Natural products and their derivatives as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:165-183. [PMID: 31820476 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex neurodegenerative disorder causing multiple cellular changes including impaired cholinergic system, beta-amyloid (βA) aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, metal dyshomeostasis, neuroinflammation, and many other pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the exact cause of the disease is not known. Natural products such as flavonoids, alkaloids, resveratrol, and curcumin have multifunctional properties, and have drawn the attention of the researchers because these molecules are capable of interacting concurrently with the multiple targets of AD. Therefore, natural products and their derivatives with proven efficacy could be used in the management of the neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the natural product based multitarget directed ligands like tacrine-coumarin, tacrine-huperzine A, harmine-isoxazoline, berberine-thiophenyl, galantamine-indole, pyridoxine-resveratrol, donepezil-curcumin and their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashima Thakur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Le Stunff H, Véret J, Kassis N, Denom J, Meneyrol K, Paul JL, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Janel N. Deciphering the Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Ceramide Metabolism in Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31417486 PMCID: PMC6684947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, several data suggest that dyslipidemia can either contribute or serve as co-factors in AD appearance. AD could be examined as a metabolic disorder mediated by peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with dyslipidemia, which results in increased hepatic ceramide generation. Hepatic steatosis induces pro-inflammatory cytokine activation which is mediated by the increased ceramides production. Ceramides levels increased in cells due to perturbation in sphingolipid metabolism and upregulated expression of enzymes involved in ceramide synthesis. Cytotoxic ceramides and related molecules generated in liver promote insulin resistance, traffic through the circulation due to injury or cell death caused by local liver inflammation, and because of their hydrophobic nature, they can cross the blood-brain barrier and thereby exert neurotoxic responses as reducing insulin signaling and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. These abnormalities propagate a cascade of neurodegeneration associated with oxidative stress and ceramide generation, which potentiate brain insulin resistance, apoptosis, myelin degeneration, and neuro-inflammation. Therefore, excess of toxic lipids generated in liver can cause neurodegeneration. Elevated homocysteine level is also a risk factor for AD pathology and is narrowly associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The existence of a homocysteine/ceramides signaling pathway suggests that homocysteine toxicity could be partly mediated by intracellular ceramide accumulation due to stimulation of ceramide synthase. In this article, we briefly examined the role of homocysteine and ceramide metabolism linking metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to AD. We therefore analyzed the expression of mainly enzymes implicated in ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism and demonstrated deregulation of de novo ceramide biosynthesis and S1P metabolism in liver and brain of hyperhomocysteinemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Le Stunff
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Denom
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
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26
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Di Meco A, Li JG, Praticò D. Dissecting the Role of 5-Lipoxygenase in the Homocysteine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1337-1344. [PMID: 29254095 PMCID: PMC5869997 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects over 40 million patients around the world and poses a huge economic burden on society since no effective therapy is available yet. While the cause(s) for the most common sporadic form of the disease are still obscure, lifestyle and different environmental factors have emerged as modulators of AD susceptibility. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY), a condition of high circulating levels of homocysteine, is an independent but modifiable risk factor for AD. Studies in AD mouse models have linked HHCY with memory impairment, amyloidosis, tau pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. However, the exact mechanism by which HHCY affects AD pathogenesis is unclear. The 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) is a protein upregulated in postmortem AD brains and plays a functional role in AD pathogenesis. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that HHCY effects on amyloid-β and tau pathology, synapse and memory impairments are dependent on the activation of the 5LO enzymatic pathway, since its genetic absence or pharmacological inhibition prevents them. HHCY induces 5LO gene upregulation by lowering the methylation of its promoter, which results in increased translation and transcription of its mRNA. Based on these findings, we propose that epigenetic modification of 5LO represents the missing biological link between HHCY and AD pathogenesis, and for this reason it represents a viable therapeutic target to prevent AD development in individuals bearing this risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Meco
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Shen Y, Dong ZF, Pan PL, Xu G, Huang JY, Liu CF. Association of homocysteine, folate, and white matter hyperintensities in Parkinson's patients with different motor phenotypes. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1855-1863. [PMID: 31055730 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of homocysteine (Hcy), folate, and white matter hyperintensities in Parkinson's disease (PD) with different motor phenotypes. METHODS Of the PD patients, 176 were included. Based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the PD patients were classified into postural instability gait disorder (PIGD) and non-PIGD phenotypes. According to the Fazekas score, patients were divided into the none/mild white matter hyperintensity (WMH) group and the moderate/severe WMH group. The relationship of Hcy, folate, and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and the motor phenotype of PD were analyzed. RESULTS PD-PIGD patients had higher proportion of moderate/severe WMHs, Hcy levels, and lower folate levels than PD-non-PIGD patients (p all ≤ 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, patients with both PD-PIGD and moderate/severe WMHs had the highest Hcy and lowest folate levels compared with others. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, folate, and Hcy were independent risk factors for WMHs. In an a priori-determined stratified analysis, after adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio of WMHs was 8.01 (95% CI 2.700-23.767, p trend = 0.001) in the patients with Hcy levels in the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile and 16.81 (95% CI 4.74-59.65, p trend < 0.001) in the patients with folate levels in the lowest quintile compared with the highest quintile. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed a close association between WMHs and Hcy, folate especially in PD-PIGD patients. It can be speculated that higher Hcy and lower folate probably played important roles in the development of WMHs and motor heterogeneity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Lei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jun-Ying Huang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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28
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Nam KW, Kwon HM, Jeong HY, Park JH, Kwon H, Jeong SM. Serum homocysteine level is related to cerebral small vessel disease in a healthy population. Neurology 2019; 92:e317-e325. [PMID: 30602466 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in a healthy population. METHODS We included consecutive participants who visited our department for health checkups between 2006 and 2013. We rated white matter hyperintensity volumes using both the Fazekas score and semiautomated quantitative methods. We also evaluated lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), which are involved in cSVD. To assess the dose-dependent relationship between tHcy and cSVD parameters, we scored the burdens of each radiologic marker of cSVD. RESULTS A total of 1,578 participants were included (age 55 ± 8 years, male sex 57%). In the multivariable analysis, tHcy remained an independent predictor of the white matter hyperintensity volume (B = 0.209; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.033-0.385, p = 0.020), presence of cerebral microbleeds (adjusted odds ratio = 2.800; 95% CI = 1.104-7.105, p = 0.030), and moderate to severe EPVS (adjusted odds ratio = 5.906; 95% CI = 3.523-9.901, p < 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. Furthermore, tHcy had positive associations with periventricular Fazekas score (p = 0.001, p for trend <0.001), subcortical Fazekas score (p = 0.003, p for trend = 0.005), and moderate to severe EPVS lesion burden (p < 0.001, p for trend <0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Serum tHcy level is correlated with cSVD development in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provide us with clues for further studies of the pathophysiology of cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Nam
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.-W.N., H.-Y.J.) and Family Medicine (J.-H.P., H.K., S.-M.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University; and Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kwon
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.-W.N., H.-Y.J.) and Family Medicine (J.-H.P., H.K., S.-M.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University; and Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Han-Yeong Jeong
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.-W.N., H.-Y.J.) and Family Medicine (J.-H.P., H.K., S.-M.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University; and Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.-W.N., H.-Y.J.) and Family Medicine (J.-H.P., H.K., S.-M.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University; and Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyuktae Kwon
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.-W.N., H.-Y.J.) and Family Medicine (J.-H.P., H.K., S.-M.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University; and Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- From the Departments of Neurology (K.-W.N., H.-Y.J.) and Family Medicine (J.-H.P., H.K., S.-M.J.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University; and Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Kalani A, Chaturvedi P, Kalani K, Kamat PK, Chaturvedi P. A high methionine, low folate and vitamin B 6/B 12 containing diet can be associated with memory loss by epigenetic silencing of netrin-1. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1247-1254. [PMID: 30804256 PMCID: PMC6425846 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory-epigenetics which is the loss of memory due to epigenetic modifications can be due to the silencing of genes involved in cognitive functions and this is the basis of the current study. We hypothesize that a diet containing high methionine and low vitamins can lead to memory impairment by increasing global DNA methylation and therefore, silencing the netrin-1 gene, which encodes the glycoprotein involved in neurogenesis, axonal guidance and maintenance of the synaptic plasticity. Wild type (C57BL/6J) mice were fed with a diet containing excess methionine (1.2%), low-folate (0.08 mg/kg), vitamin B6 (0.01 mg/kg), and B12 (10.4 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Mice were examined weekly for the long-term memory function, using a passive avoidance test, which determined loss of fear-motivated long-term memory starting from the fourth week of diet. Similarly, an increase in brain %5-methyl cytosine was observed starting from the 4th week of diet in mice. Mice fed with a high methionine, low folate and vitamins containing diet showed a decrease in netrin-1 protein expression and an increase in netrin-1 gene promotor methylation, as determined by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The increase in methylation of netrin-1 gene was validated by high-resolution melting and sequencing analysis. Furthermore, the association of netrin-1 with memory was established by administering netrin that considerably restored long-term fear motivated memory. Taken together, these results suggest that a diet rich in methionine and lacking in folate and vitamin B6/B12 can induce defects in learning and memory. Furthermore, the data indicates that decrease in netrin-1 expression due to hyper-methylation of its gene can be associated with memory loss. The animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Louisville, USA (No. A3586-01) on February 2, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India; Pharmacology Department and Toxicology, Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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30
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Nuru M, Muradashvili N, Kalani A, Lominadze D, Tyagi N. High methionine, low folate and low vitamin B6/B12 (HM-LF-LV) diet causes neurodegeneration and subsequent short-term memory loss. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1923-1934. [PMID: 30094804 PMCID: PMC6712979 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid found in rich quantities in average American diet such as meats, fish and eggs. Excessive consumption of such food often exceeds the normal requirement of the methionine in our body; which found to be related to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanistic pathways of methionine's influence on the brain are unclear. The present study is focus on the effects of high methionine, low folate and low vitamin B6/B12 (HM-LF-LV) diet on the dysfunction of neuronal and vascular specific markers in the brain. C57BL6/J male mice (8-10 week old) were fed with HM-LF-LV diet for a 6 week period. Cognitive function of mice was determine by measuring short-term memory using a Novel Object Recognition test (NORT). Neuronal dysfunction were evaluate by measuring the levels of Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), Neuron-specific-enolase (NSE) and Fluoro-jade C(FJC) fluorescence; while cerebrovascular disruption were evaluate by assessing levels of endothelial junction proteins Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin (VE-Cadherin) and Claudin-5 in harvested brain tissue. Cerebrovascular permeability was assess by evaluating microvascular leakage of fluorescently labeled albumin in vivo. Endothelial and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS, nNOS) regulation and vascular inflammation (ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecules) were also evaluate in brain tissue. All assessments were conduct at weekly intervals throughout the study duration. NORT showed a significant temporal decrease in short-term memory of mice fed on HM-LF-LV diet for 6 weeks compared to the wild-type control group. Our experimental data showed that neuronal dysfunction (decreased NeuN levels and increased FJC positive neurons in brain) was more prominent in HM-LF-LV diet fed mice compared to normal diet fed control mice. In experimental mice, cerebrovascular disruption was found to be elevated as evident from increased pial venular permeability (microvascular leakage) and decreased in VE-Cadherin expression compared to control. Slight decrease in nNOS and increase in eNOS in experimental mice suggest a trend towards the decrease in potential for neuronal development due to the long-term HM-LF-LV diet fed. Collectively, our results suggest that a diet containing high methionine, low folate and low vitamin B6/B12 results in increased neuronal degeneration and vascular dysfunction, leading to short-term memory loss. Interestingly, significant neuronal damage precedes vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nuru
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David Lominadze
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Health Science Center, A-1201, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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31
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Association of Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia with Alzheimer's Disease-Like Neurodegeneration in Rat Cortical Neurons After Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1766-1778. [PMID: 30003389 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that results in massive hippocampal and neocortical neuronal loss leading to dementia and eventual death. The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully explored, although a number of risk factors have been recognized, including high plasma concentration of homocysteine (Hcy). Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is considered a strong, independent risk factor for stroke and dementia. However, the molecular background underlying these mechanisms linked with hHcy and ischemic stroke is not fully understood. Paper describes rat model of global forebrain ischemia combined with the experimentally induced hHcy. Global ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) was developed by 4-vessels occlusion lasting for 15 min followed by reperfusion period of 72 h. hHcy was induced by subcutaneous injection of 0.45 µmol/g of Hcy in duration of 14 days. The results showed remarkable neural cell death induced by hHcy in the brain cortex and neurodegeneration is further aggravated by global IRI. We demonstrated degeneration of cortical neurons, alterations in number and morphology of tissue astrocytes and dysregulation of oxidative balance with increased membrane protein oxidation. Complementary to, an immunohistochemical analysis of tau protein and β-amyloid peptide showed that combination of hHcy with the IRI might lead to the progression of AD-like pathological features. Conclusively, these findings suggest that combination of risk factor hHcy with IRI aggravates neurodegeneration processes and leads to development of AD-like pathology in cerebral cortex.
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32
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El-Missiry MA, ElKomy MA, Othman AI, AbouEl-Ezz AM. Punicalagin ameliorates the elevation of plasma homocysteine, amyloid-β, TNF-α and apoptosis by advocating antioxidants and modulating apoptotic mediator proteins in brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:472-480. [PMID: 29579708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the neuroprotective role of punicalagin, a major polyphenolic compound of pomegranate on methionine-induced brain injury. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was induced in two months old male BALB c mice by methionine supplementation in drinking water (1 g/kg body weight) for 30 days. Punicalagin (1 mg/kg) was injected i.p every other day concurrently with methionine. Punicalagin significantly prevented the rise in the levels of homocysteine, amyloid-β and TNF-α. HHcy is associated with a decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (PGx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of methionine-treated mice while these antioxidants are increased by punicalagin supplementation. The treatment with punicalagin significantly decreased oxidative stress as indicated by decreased malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl formation in the brain. Compared with methionine-treated animals, mice that treated with methionine and punicalagin remarkably displayed less apoptosis, indicated by the lower level of proapoptotic protein (Bax, caspases- 3, 9 and p53) and higher levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein than those in hyperhomocysteinemic mice. The potent bioactivity of punicalagin extends to protect neuronal DNA as evidenced by the inhibition of the increase of comet parameters compared to the methionine-treated mice. In conclusion, punicalagin protected from methionine-induced HHcy and brain damage with an ability to repress apoptosis by modulating apoptotic mediators and maintaining DNA integrity in the brain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A El-Missiry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt; Prince Sultan Military Collage of Health Science, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Magda A ElKomy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Azza I Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ali M AbouEl-Ezz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Tang YY, Wang AP, Wei HJ, Li MH, Zou W, Li X, Wang CY, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Role of silent information regulator 1 in the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide on homocysteine-induced cognitive dysfunction: Involving reduction of hippocampal ER stress. Behav Brain Res 2018; 342:35-42. [PMID: 29307666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) causes cognitive deficits and hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our previous study has confirmed that Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) attenuates Hcy-induced cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal ER stress. Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt-1) is indispensable in the formation of learning and memory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of Sirt-1 in the protective effect of H2S against Hcy-induced cognitive dysfunction. We found that NaHS (a donor of H2S) markedly up-regulated the expression of Sirt-1 in the hippocampus of Hcy-exposed rats. Sirtinol, a specific inhibitor of Sirt-1, reversed the improving role of NaHS in the cognitive function of Hcy-exposed rats, as evidenced by that sirtinol increased the escape latency and the swim distance in the acquisition trial of morris water maze (MWM) test, decreased the times crossed through and the time spent in the target quadrant in the probe trail of MWM test, and reduced the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test (NORT) in the rats cotreated with NaHS and Hcy. We also found that sirtinol reversed the protection of NaHS against Hcy-induced hippocampal ER-stress, as evidenced by up-regulating the expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved caspase-12 in the hippocampus of rats cotreated with NaHS and Hcy. These results suggested the contribution of upregulation of hippocampal Sirt-1 to the improving role of H2S in the cognitive function of Hcy-exposed rats, which involves suppression of hippocampal ER stress. Our finding provides a new insight into the mechanism underlying the inhibitory role of H2S in Hcy-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hai-Jun Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Man-Hong Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
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Li JG, Barrero C, Merali S, Praticò D. Genetic absence of ALOX5 protects from homocysteine-induced memory impairment, tau phosphorylation and synaptic pathology. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1855-1862. [PMID: 28334897 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy) is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms remain to be established. Because high Hcy is associated with an up-regulation of the ALOX5 gene product, the 5Lipoxygenase (5LO), herein we investigated whether this activation is responsible for the Hcy effect on neurodegeneration or is a secondary event. To reach this goal, wild type mice and mice genetically deficient for 5LO were assessed after being exposed to a diet known to significantly increase brain levels of Hcy. Confirming compliance with the dietary regimen, we found that by the end of the study brain levels of Hcy were significantly increase in both groups. However, diet-induced high Hcy resulted in a significant increase in Aβ, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, synaptic pathology and memory impairment in control mice, but not in mice lacking ALOX5.Taken together our findings demonstrate that the up-regulation of the ALOX5 gene pathway is responsible for the development of the biochemical and behavioral sequelae of high Hcy brain levels in the context of a neurodegenerative phenotype. They provide critical support that this gene and its expressed protein are viable therapeutic targets to prevent the onset, or delay neurodegenerative events in subjects exposed to this risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine
| | - Carlos Barrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine
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Aggrey SE, González-Cerón F, Rekaya R, Mercier Y. Gene expression differences in the methionine remethylation and transsulphuration pathways under methionine restriction and recovery with D,L-methionine or D,L-HMTBA in meat-type chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e468-e475. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Aggrey
- Poultry Science Department; NutriGenomics Laboratory; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - F. González-Cerón
- Poultry Science Department; NutriGenomics Laboratory; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - R. Rekaya
- Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
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Li JG, Barrero C, Merali S, Praticò D. Five lipoxygenase hypomethylation mediates the homocysteine effect on Alzheimer's phenotype. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46002. [PMID: 28383037 PMCID: PMC5382538 DOI: 10.1038/srep46002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and genetic risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, how they interact and influence its pathogenesis remains to be investigated. High level of homocysteine (Hcy) is an AD risk factor and associates with an up-regulation of the ALOX5 gene. In the current paper we investigated whether this activation is responsible for the Hcy effect on the AD phenotype and the mechanisms involved. Triple transgenic mice were randomized to receive regular chow diet, a diet deficient in folate and B vitamins (Diet), which results in high Hcy, or the Diet plus zileuton, a specific ALOX5 inhibitor, for 7 months. Compared with controls, Diet-fed mice had a significant increase in Hcy levels, memory and learning deficits, up-regulation of the ALOX5 pathway, increased Aβ levels, tau phosphorylation, and synaptic pathology, which were absent in mice treated with zileuton. In vivo and vitro studies demonstrated that the mechanism responsible was the hypomethylation of the ALOX5 promoter. Our findings demonstrate that the up-regulation of the ALOX5 is responsible for the Hcy-dependent worsening of the AD phenotype in a relevant mouse model of the disease. The discovery of this previously unknown cross-talk between these two pathways could afford novel therapeutic opportunities for treating or halting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Carlos Barrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Li J, Barrero C, Gupta S, Kruger WD, Merali S, Praticò D. Homocysteine modulates 5-lipoxygenase expression level via DNA methylation. Aging Cell 2017; 16:273-280. [PMID: 27896923 PMCID: PMC5334532 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of homocysteinemia (Hcy), a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been associated with changes in cell methylation. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by an upregulation of the 5-lipoxygenase (5LO), whose promoter is regulated by methylation. However, whether Hcy activates 5LO enzymatic pathway by influencing the methylation status of its promoter remains unknown. Brains from mice with high Hcy were assessed for the 5LO pathway and neuronal cells exposed to Hcy implemented to study the mechanism(s) regulating 5LO expression levels and the effect on amyloid β formation. Diet- and genetically induced high Hcy resulted in 5LO protein and mRNA upregulation, which was associated with a significant increase of the S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)/S-adenosylmethionine ratio, and reduced DNA methyltrasferases and hypomethylation of 5-lipoxygenase DNA. In vitro studies confirmed these results and demonstrated that the mechanism involved in the Hcy-dependent 5LO activation and amyloid β formation is DNA hypomethylation secondary to the elevated levels of SAH. Taken together these findings represent the first demonstration that Hcy directly influences 5LO expression levels and establish a previously unknown cross talk between these two pathways, which is highly relevant for AD pathogenesis. The discovery of such a novel link not only provides new mechanistic insights in the neurobiology of Hcy, but most importantly new therapeutic opportunities for the individuals bearing this risk factor for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational MedicineLewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA19140USA
| | - Carlos Barrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesTemple University PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA19140USA
| | - Sapna Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer CenterTemple University PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA19140USA
| | - Warren D. Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer CenterTemple University PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA19140USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesTemple University PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA19140USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational MedicineLewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA19140USA
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Hooper C, De Souto Barreto P, Coley N, Caussé E, Payoux P, Salabert AS, Cesari M, Andrieu S, Bowman GL, Weiner M, Vellas B. Cross-Sectional Associations of Total Plasma Homocysteine with Cortical β-Amyloid Independently and as a Function of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1075-1080. [PMID: 29188863 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated total plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is some evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can modulate the effects of homocysteine-lowering B vitamins on AD related pathologies. Hence we investigated the relationship between total plasma homocysteine and cortical β-amyloid (Aβ) in older adults at risk of dementia. The role of erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFAs (omega 3 index) on this relationship was also explored. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT); a randomised controlled trial. SETTING French community dwellers aged 70 or over reporting subjective memory complaints, but free from a diagnosis of clinical dementia. PARTICIPANTS Individuals were from the MAPT trial (n = 177) with data on total plasma homocysteine at baseline and cortical Aβ load. MEASUREMENTS Cortical-to-cerebellar standard uptake value ratios were assessed using [18F] florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET). Total baseline plasma homocysteine was measured using an enzymatic cycling assay. Baseline omega 3 index was measured using gas chromatography. Cross-sectional associations were explored using adjusted multiple linear regression models. RESULTS We found that total baseline plasma homocysteine was not significantly associated with cortical Aβ as demonstrated using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, cognitive status, time interval between baseline and PET-scan, omega-3 index, MAPT group allocation and Apolipoprotein E ε4 status (B-coefficient -0.001, 95 % CI: -0.008,0.006, p = 0.838). Exploratory analysis showed that homocysteine was however significantly associated with cortical Aβ in subjects with low baseline omega-3 index (< 4.72 %) after adjustment for Apolipoprotein E ε4 status (B-coefficient 0.041, 95 % CI: 0.017,0.066, p = 0.005, n = 10), but not in subjects with a high baseline omega-3 index (B-coefficient -0.010, 95 % CI: -0.023,0.003, p = 0.132, n = 66). CONCLUSIONS The role of n-3 PUFAs on the relationship between homocysteine and cerebral Aβ warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hooper
- Claudie Hooper, Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France, , Tel : +33 (5) 61 77 64 25; Fax : +33 (5) 61 77 64 75
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Troesch B, Weber P, Mohajeri MH. Potential Links between Impaired One-Carbon Metabolism Due to Polymorphisms, Inadequate B-Vitamin Status, and the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:E803. [PMID: 27973419 PMCID: PMC5188458 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia and no preventive or effective treatment has been established to date. The etiology of AD is poorly understood, but genetic and environmental factors seem to play a role in its onset and progression. In particular, factors affecting the one-carbon metabolism (OCM) are thought to be important and elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels, indicating impaired OCM, have been associated with AD. We aimed at evaluating the role of polymorphisms of key OCM enzymes in the etiology of AD, particularly when intakes of relevant B-vitamins are inadequate. Our review indicates that a range of compensatory mechanisms exist to maintain a metabolic balance. However, these become overwhelmed if the activity of more than one enzyme is reduced due to genetic factors or insufficient folate, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12 levels. Consequences include increased Hcy levels and reduced capacity to synthetize, methylate and repair DNA, and/or modulated neurotransmission. This seems to favor the development of hallmarks of AD particularly when combined with increased oxidative stress e.g., in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 carriers. However, as these effects can be compensated at least partially by adequate intakes of B-vitamins, achieving optimal B-vitamin status for the general population should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Troesch
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland.
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Oikonomidi A, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Smulders Y, Linnebank M, Semmler A, Popp J. Homocysteine metabolism is associated with cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta. J Neurochem 2016; 139:324-332. [PMID: 27507672 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed homocysteine metabolism may contribute to amyloidogenesis by modulating the amyloid precursor protein (APP) production and processing. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between cerebral amyloid production and both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of the homocysteine metabolism. We assessed CSF concentrations of soluble APPα, soluble APPβ, and amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42), as well as plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcys), total vitamin B12, and folate, and CSF concentrations of homocysteine (Hcys-CSF), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in 59 subjects with normal cognition. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between homocysteine metabolism parameters and amyloid production. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Bonn. After controlling for age, gender, APOEe4 status, and albumin ratio (Qalb), higher Aβ1-42 CSF levels were associated with high Hcys and low vitamin B12 plasma levels as well as with high Hcys, high SAH, and low 5-MTHF CSF levels. Higher CSF concentrations of sAPPα and sAPPβ were associated with high SAH levels. The results suggest that disturbed homocysteine metabolism is related to increased CSF levels of sAPP forms and Aβ1-42, and may contribute to the accumulation of amyloid pathology in the brain. Disturbed homocysteine metabolism may contribute to amyloidogenesis by modulating the amyloid precursor protein (APP) production and processing. We found associations between CSF levels of soluble APP forms and Aβ1-42, and markers of the homocysteine metabolism in both plasma and CSF in adults with normal cognition. Disturbed homocysteine metabolism may represent a target for preventive and early disease-modifying interventions in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Oikonomidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Old Age Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yvo Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Linnebank
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Semmler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Old Age Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Paul R, Borah A. L-DOPA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson's disease: Elephant in the room. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1989-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chung YC, Kruyer A, Yao Y, Feierman E, Richards A, Strickland S, Norris EH. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates Alzheimer's disease pathology by way of the β-amyloid fibrinogen interaction. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1442-52. [PMID: 27090576 PMCID: PMC4949110 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Evidence suggests a comorbidity between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Homocysteine (HC) could affect the β-amyloid (Aβ)-fibrinogen interaction in AD pathology. AD patients with concomitant HHC have increased fibrin and Aβ deposits in their brains. HC contributes to AD pathology via the Aβ-fibrinogen interaction. SUMMARY Background Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) is correlated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Objective This study was carried out to elucidate the specific role of elevated homocysteine (HC) levels in AD pathophysiology. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition along blood vessels, also known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), fibrin(ogen) deposition, and their correlation to each other in the brains of AD patients with and without HHC. To study AD-HHC co-morbidity in detail, an AD mouse model was administered a high methionine diet for several months. Parenchymal Aβ plaques, CAA-positive vessels and fibrin deposits were then assessed by immunohistochemistry at different stages of AD progression. Memory deficits were evaluated with contextual fear conditioning and the Barnes maze. Additionally, the effect of HC and its metabolite, homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL), on the Aβ-fibrinogen interaction was analyzed by pull-down, ELISA and fibrin clot formation and fibrinolysis assays in vitro. Results We found increased fibrin(ogen) levels and Aβ deposits in the blood vessels and brain parenchyma of AD patients with HHC. We demonstrate that HC and HCTL enhance the interaction between fibrinogen and Aβ, promote the formation of tighter fibrin clots and delay clot fibrinolysis. Additionally, we show that diet-induced HHC in an AD mouse model leads to severe CAA and parenchymal Aβ deposition, as well as significant impairments in learning and memory. Conclusions These findings suggest that elevated levels of plasma HC/HCTL contribute to AD pathology via the Aβ-fibrin(ogen) interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cheul Chung
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Kruyer
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily Feierman
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Allison Richards
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erin H. Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology & Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Fang M, Jin A, Zhao Y, Liu X. Homocysteine induces glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase acetylation and apoptosis in the neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:e4543. [PMID: 26785692 PMCID: PMC4725190 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) promote the progression of neurodegenerative
diseases. However, the mechanism by which Hcy mediates neurotoxicity has not been
elucidated. We observed that upon incubation with Hcy, the viability of a
neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a declined in a dose-dependent manner, and apoptosis
was induced within 48 h. The median effective concentration (EC50) of Hcy
was approximately 5 mM. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) nuclear
translocation and acylation has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis. We
found that nuclear translocation and acetylation of GAPDH increased in the presence
of 5 mM Hcy and that higher levels of acetyltransferase p300/CBP were detected in
Neuro2a cells. These findings implicate the involvement of GAPDH in the mechanism
whereby Hcy induces apoptosis in neurons. This study highlights a potentially
important pathway in neurodegenerative disorders, and a novel target pathway for
neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - A Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Li JG, Praticò D. High levels of homocysteine results in cerebral amyloid angiopathy in mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 43:29-35. [PMID: 25061050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High levels of homocysteine is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the effect that this amino acid has on amyloid-β (Aβ) protein precursor metabolism is considered one of the potential mechanism(s) involved in this effect. However, despite consistent literature indicating that this condition results in brain parenchyma amyloidosis, no data are available on whether it may also influence the amount of Aβ deposited in the vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we implemented a model of diet-inducing high homocysteinemia in AD transgenic mice, 3xTg, and assessed them for the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Compared with controls, mice with high homocysteine showed a significant increase in the amount of Aβ deposited in the brain vasculature, which was not associated with histological evidence of microhemorrhage occurrence. Mice with high homocysteine had a significant reduction in steady state level of the apolipoprotein E, which is a main Aβ chaperon protein, but no changes in its receptor, the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-1. Our data demonstrate that a diet-induced high homocysteine level favors the development of CAA via a reduction of Aβ clearance and transport within the brain. Therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring brain apolipoprotein E levels should be considered in individuals carrying this environmental risk factor in order to reduce the incidence of homocysteine-dependent CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tapia-Rojas C, Lindsay CB, Montecinos-Oliva C, Arrazola MS, Retamales RM, Bunout D, Hirsch S, Inestrosa NC. Is L-methionine a trigger factor for Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration?: Changes in Aβ oligomers, tau phosphorylation, synaptic proteins, Wnt signaling and behavioral impairment in wild-type mice. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:62. [PMID: 26590557 PMCID: PMC4654847 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-methionine, the principal sulfur-containing amino acid in proteins, plays critical roles in cell physiology as an antioxidant and in the breakdown of fats and heavy metals. Previous studies suggesting the use of L-methionine as a treatment for depression and other diseases indicate that it might also improve memory and propose a role in brain function. However, some evidence indicates that an excess of methionine can be harmful and can increase the risk of developing Type-2 diabetes, heart diseases, certain types of cancer, brain alterations such as schizophrenia, and memory impairment. RESULTS Here, we report the effects of an L-methionine-enriched diet in wild-type mice and emphasize changes in brain structure and function. The animals in our study presented 1) higher levels of phosphorylated tau protein, 2) increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ)-peptides, including the formation of Aβ oligomers, 3) increased levels of inflammatory response,4) increased oxidative stress, 5) decreased level of synaptic proteins, and 6) memory impairment and loss. We also observed dysfunction of the Wnt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of our study indicate that an L-methionine-enriched diet causes neurotoxic effects in vivo and might contribute to the appearance of Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Montecinos-Oliva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena S Arrazola
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocio M Retamales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Bunout
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Hirsch
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Centro UC Síndrome de Down, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. .,CARE Biomedical Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
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Park SH, Kim H, Lee KJ. Correlations between homocysteine and grey matter volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2015; 15:116-122. [PMID: 25560091 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that elevated total homocysteine levels are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have examined the radiological markers of associated neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with cerebral grey matter volume loss. We compared the grey matter in a high homocysteine group and a normal homocysteine group using an optimized voxel-based morphometry. METHODS The study included 79 patients with AD who were divided into two groups: a high homocysteine group and a normal homocysteine group. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a standardized protocol and neurocognitive evaluation. Homocysteine tests and other routine laboratory examinations for dementia assessment were carried out in all patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in grey matter volume between the patients with high homocysteine levels and those with normal homocysteine levels. A multiple regression analysis also revealed that the levels of homocysteine were not associated with the grey matter volume in patients with AD. Homocysteine levels were not correlated significantly with Mini-Mental State Examination, Global Deterioration Scale, or Clinical Dementia Rating. CONCLUSION Our results showed that elevated homocysteine levels are not associated with reduced cerebral grey matter volume in AD. Larger samples will be needed to assess potential correlations between homocysteine and neuroanatomical pathology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyeok Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kang Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
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Jiang B, Chen Y, Yao G, Yao C, Zhao H, Jia X, Zhang Y, Ge J, Qiu E, Ding C. Effects of differences in serum total homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 on cognitive impairment in stroke patients. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:217. [PMID: 25433800 PMCID: PMC4333896 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-014-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCIND) refers to the early or mild cognitive impairment induced by cerebral vascular injury. Research shows that serum total homocysteine (tHcy) level is an independent risk factor for cerebral vascular disease and may be closely related to cognitive function.Current studies on the tHcy level in VCIND patients are limited, and the relationship of tHcy with cognitive function remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the tHcy levels in patients with VCIND and to determine their correlation with cognitive function, as well as to provide useful clues for preventing and treating VCIND. METHODS The tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 levels in 82 patients with VCIND were reviewed retrospectively and compared with those of 80 stroke patients without cognitive impairment and 69 healthy controls by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the event-related potential P300 to evaluate cognitive function. RESULTS The tHcy levels in the VCIND group were higher than those in the other two groups, whereas the folate and Vitamin B12 levels in the VCIND group were lower than those of the other two groups. The tHcy levels in the stroke group were higher than those in the control group, and the folate and vitamin B12 levels in the stroke group were lower than those in the control group. The patients in the VCIND group with high tHcy exhibited lower MoCA scores and prolonged P300 latency than those in with normal tHcy. Correlation analysis showed that tHcy level is positively correlated with P300 latency period and negatively correlated with MoCA score. CONCLUSION The tHcy levels were significantly higher and the vitamin B12 and folate levels were significantly lower in the patients with VCIND than those in the other groups. The high tHcy levels in the VCIND patients may be correlated with impaired cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Yumei Chen
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Guoen Yao
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Cunshan Yao
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Xiangdong Jia
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Junling Ge
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Enchao Qiu
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
| | - Chengyun Ding
- Department of Neuromedical Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Avenue, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
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Converso A, Hartingh T, Fraley ME, Garbaccio RM, Hartman GD, Huang SY, Majercak JM, McCampbell A, Na SJ, Ray WJ, Savage MJ, Wolffe C, Yeh S, Yu Y, White R, Zhang R. Adenosine analogue inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2737-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li JG, Chu J, Barrero C, Merali S, Praticò D. Homocysteine exacerbates β-amyloid pathology, tau pathology, and cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease with plaques and tangles. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:851-63. [PMID: 24644038 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High level of homocysteine (Hcy) is a recognized risk factor for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the mechanisms involved are unknown. Previously, it was shown that high Hcy increases brain β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, but no data are available on the effect that it may have on the other main pathologic features of AD such as tau. METHODS 3xTg mice with diet-induced high Hcy were compared with mice having normal Hcy. Neuronal cells were incubated with and without Hcy. RESULTS Diet-induced high Hcy resulted in an exacerbation of the entire AD-like phenotype of the 3xTg mice. In particular, we found that compared with controls, mice with high Hcy developed significant memory and learning deficits, and had elevated Aβ levels and deposition, which was mediated by an activation of the γ-secretase pathway. In addition, the same mice had a significant increase in the insoluble fraction of tau and its phosphorylation at specific epitopes, which was mediated by the cdk5 pathway. In vitro studies confirmed these observations and provided evidence that the effects of Hcy on Aβ and tau are independent from each other. INTERPRETATION Taken together, our findings demonstrate that a dietary condition that leads to an elevation of Hcy levels results in an exacerbation of all 3 major pathological features of the AD phenotype: memory deficits, and Aβ and tau neuropathology. They support the concept that this dietary lifestyle can act as a risk factor and actively contribute to the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Giannopoulos PF, Chu J, Joshi YB, Sperow M, Li JL, Kirby LG, Praticò D. Gene knockout of 5-lipoxygenase rescues synaptic dysfunction and improves memory in the triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:511-8. [PMID: 23478745 PMCID: PMC3688674 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in vivo modulates the amyloidotic phenotype of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. However, no data are available on the effects that 5LO has on synaptic function, integrity and cognition. To address this issue, we used a genetic and a pharmacological approach by generating 3 × Tg mice deficient for 5LO and administering 3 × Tg mice with a 5LO inhibitor. Compared with controls, we found that even before the development of overt neuropathology, both animals manifested significant memory improvement, rescue of their synaptic dysfunction and amelioration of synaptic integrity. In addition, later in life, these mice had a significant reduction of Aβ and tau pathology. Our findings support a novel functional role for 5LO in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory. They establish this protein as a pleiotropic contributor to the development of the full spectrum of the AD phenotype, making it a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip F. Giannopoulos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Jin Chu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Yash B. Joshi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Margaret Sperow
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Jin-Luo Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Lynn G. Kirby
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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