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Kuşi M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. Basic approach on the protective effects of hesperidin and naringin in Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39225173 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2397136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. This situation imposes a great burden on individuals, both economically and socially. Today, an effective method for treating the disease and protective approach to tau accumulation has not been developed yet. Studies have been conducted on the effects of hesperidin and naringin flavonoids found in citrus fruits on many diseases. METHODS In this review, the pathophysiology of AD is defined, and the effects of hesperidin and naringin on these factors are summarized. RESULTS Studies have shown that both components may potentially affect AD due to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on these effects of the components, it has been shown that they may have ameliorative effects on Aβ, α-synuclein aggregation, tau pathology, and cognitive functions in the pathophysiology of AD. DISCUSSION There are studies suggesting that hesperidin and naringin may be effective in the prevention/treatment of AD. When these studies are examined, it is seen that more studies should be conducted on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müjgan Kuşi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Center for Science, Technology and Engineering (BILTEM), Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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2
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El-Reda GA, Mahmoud UT, Ali FAZ, Abdel-Maksoud FM, Mahmoud MAM, El-Hossary FM. Neurobehavioral toxicity of Cold plasma activated water following oral gavage in mice. Neurotoxicology 2024; 105:45-57. [PMID: 39216604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cold plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel technology that was recently used in biomedical research; Despite its potential, PAW's safety remains inadequately assessed. The study explores the impact of PAW on behavioral responses and brain tissue histopathology in mice. Ten-week-old female albino mice were divided into three groups each containing 10 mice (5 replicates, 2 mice/cage) and received either distilled water (DW), or distilled water exposed to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for 3 min (PAW-3), or 15 min (PAW-15) by oral gavage in a dose of 200 μL/mice (3 times/week) for four weeks. PAW exhibited altered physicochemical properties compared to DW. Mice exposed to PAW demonstrated reduced burrowing activity, marble burying ability, and novel object recognition compared to controls, indicating potential neurobehavioral alterations. PAW-treated groups displayed notable histological lesions in brain tissues, including nerve cell necrosis, vascular congestion, and Purkinje cell degeneration, confirming neurotoxic effects. Positive reactions for NF-κB and iNOS in brain tissues of PAW-treated mice corroborated the histopathological findings, suggesting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The study highlights the need for further investigation into PAW's safety profile and optimal treatment protocols to mitigate potential neurobehavioral toxicity in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abd El-Reda
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Usama T Mahmoud
- Department of Animal, poultry and aquatic life behavior and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Manal A M Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Hygiene and environmental pollution, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - F M El-Hossary
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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3
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Freuchet A, Pinçon A, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Inflammation and heterogeneity in synucleinopathies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1432342. [PMID: 39281666 PMCID: PMC11392857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1432342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a huge healthcare challenge which is predicted to increase with an aging population. Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), present complex challenges in understanding their onset and progression. They are characterized by the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein in the brain leading to neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of distinct subtypes based on the site of α-synuclein aggregation initiation, genetics, and, more recently, neuroinflammation. Mediated by both central nervous system-resident cells, peripheral immune cells, and gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation appears as a key process in the onset and progression of neuronal loss. Sex-based differences add another layer of complexity to synucleinopathies, influencing disease prevalence - with a known higher incidence of PD in males compared to females - as well as phenotype and immune responses. Biological sex affects neuroinflammatory pathways and the immune response, suggesting the need for sex-specific therapeutic strategies and biomarker identification. Here, we review the heterogeneity of synucleinopathies, describing the etiology, the mechanisms by which the inflammatory processes contribute to the pathology, and the consideration of sex-based differences to highlight the need for personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Freuchet
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Anaëlle Pinçon
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
- Master de Biologie, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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4
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Salikhova DI, Shedenkova MO, Sudina AK, Belousova EV, Krasilnikova IA, Nekrasova AA, Nefedova ZA, Frolov DA, Fatkhudinov TK, Makarov AV, Surin AM, Savostyanov KV, Goldshtein DV, Bakaeva ZV. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of proteins secreted by glial progenitor cells derived from human iPSCs. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1449063. [PMID: 39165834 PMCID: PMC11333358 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1449063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, stem cells technology is an effective tool in regenerative medicine. Cell therapy is based on the use of stem/progenitor cells to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs. This approach can be used to treat various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological diseases, and injuries of various origins. The mechanisms of cell therapy therapeutic action are based on the integration of the graft into the damaged tissue (replacement effect) and the ability of cells to secrete biologically active molecules such as cytokines, growth factors and other signaling molecules that promote regeneration (paracrine effect). However, cell transplantation has a number of limitations due to cell transportation complexity and immune rejection. A potentially more effective therapy is using only paracrine factors released by stem cells. Secreted factors can positively affect the damaged tissue: promote forming new blood vessels, stimulate cell proliferation, and reduce inflammation and apoptosis. In this work, we have studied the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of proteins with a molecular weight below 100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Proteins secreted by glial progenitor cells exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a primary glial culture model of LPS-induced inflammation by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production through inhibition of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). At the same time, added secreted proteins neutralized the effect of glutamate, increasing the number of viable neurons to control values. This effect is a result of decreased level of intracellular calcium, which, at elevated concentrations, triggers apoptotic death of neurons. In addition, secreted proteins reduce mitochondrial depolarization caused by glutamate excitotoxicity and help maintain higher NADH levels. This therapy can be successfully introduced into clinical practice after additional preclinical studies, increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salikhova
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita O. Shedenkova
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya K. Sudina
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Belousova
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Krasilnikova
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasya A. Nekrasova
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zlata A. Nefedova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Frolov
- Institute of Information Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Makarov
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Surin
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Savostyanov
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Goldshtein
- Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Medical Institute of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Genetics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zanda V. Bakaeva
- Medical Genetic Center, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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5
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Martins T, Parisi C, Guerra Pinto J, Ribeiro Brambilla IDP, Malanga M, Ferreira-Strixino J, Sortino S. Stepwise Nitric Oxide Release and Antibacterial Activity of a Nitric Oxide Photodonor Hosted within Cyclodextrin Branched Polymer Nanocarriers. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:857-863. [PMID: 38894929 PMCID: PMC11181500 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A hydrophobic nitric oxide (NO) photodonor integrating both nitroso and nitro functionalities within its chromophoric skeleton has been synthesized. Excitation of this compound with blue light triggers the release of two NO molecules from the nitroso and the nitro functionalities via a stepwise mechanism. Encapsulation of the NO photodonor within biocompatible neutral, cationic, and anionic β-cyclodextrin branched polymers as suitable carriers leads to supramolecular nanoassemblies, which exhibit the same nature of the photochemical processes but NO photorelease performances enhanced by about 1 order of magnitude when compared with the free guest. Antibacterial tests carried out with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrate an effective antibacterial activity exclusively under light activation and point out a differentiated role of the polymeric nanocarriers in determining the outcome of the antibacterial photodynamic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia
J. Martins
- PhotoChemLab,
Department of Drug Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab,
Department of Drug Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory
of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova I-2911, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory
of Photobiology Applied to Health, Research and Development Institute, University of Vale do Paraíba, Urbanova I-2911, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab,
Department of Drug Sciences, University
of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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6
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Simon Machado R, Mathias K, Joaquim L, de Quadros RW, Rezin GT, Petronilho F. Hyperoxia and brain: the link between necessity and injury from a molecular perspective. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:25. [PMID: 38619632 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) supplementation is commonly used to treat hypoxia in patients with respiratory failure. However, indiscriminate use can lead to hyperoxia, a condition detrimental to living tissues, particularly the brain. The brain is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation caused by high concentrations of O2, which can result in brain damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, common features of neurodegenerative disorders. Hyperoxia leads to increased production of ROS, causing oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, which can damage tissues. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to its lipid composition, high O2 consumption rate, and low levels of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, hyperoxia can cause vasoconstriction and decreased O2 supply to the brain, posing a challenge to redox balance and neurodegenerative processes. Studies have shown that the severity of hyperoxia-induced brain damage varies with inspired O2 concentration and duration of exposure. Therefore, careful evaluation of the balance between benefits and risks of O2 supplementation, especially in clinical settings, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
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7
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Villa-González M, Rubio M, Martín-López G, Mallavibarrena PR, Vallés-Saiz L, Vivien D, Wandosell F, Pérez-Álvarez MJ. Pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 reduces neural death and damage volume after MCAO by modulating microglial reactivity. Biol Direct 2024; 19:26. [PMID: 38582839 PMCID: PMC10999095 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a sudden and acute disease characterized by neuronal death, increment of reactive gliosis (reactive microglia and astrocytes), and a severe inflammatory process. Neuroinflammation is an early event after cerebral ischemia, with microglia playing a leading role. Reactive microglia involve functional and morphological changes that drive a wide variety of phenotypes. In this context, deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying such reactive microglial is essential to devise strategies to protect neurons and maintain certain brain functions affected by early neuroinflammation after ischemia. Here, we studied the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in the microglial response using a murine model of cerebral ischemia in the acute phase. We also determined the therapeutic relevance of the pharmacological administration of rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, before and after ischemic injury. Our data show that rapamycin, administered before or after brain ischemia induction, reduced the volume of brain damage and neuronal loss by attenuating the microglial response. Therefore, our findings indicate that the pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 in the acute phase of ischemia may provide an alternative strategy to reduce neuronal damage through attenuation of the associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villa-González
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Rubio
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR-S U1237, INSERM, Institut Blood and Brain @ CaenNormandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Gerardo Martín-López
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula R Mallavibarrena
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR-S U1237, INSERM, Institut Blood and Brain @ CaenNormandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie Hospital (CHU), Caen, France
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria José Pérez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Christova P, James LM, Georgopoulos AP. Negative association between neurovascular coupling and cortical gray matter volume during the lifespan. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:778-784. [PMID: 38478986 PMCID: PMC11305651 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00005.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established the moment-to-moment turnover of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (TBOLD) at resting state as a key measure of local cortical brain function. Here, we sought to extend that line of research by evaluating TBOLD in 70 cortical areas with respect to corresponding brain volume, age, and sex across the lifespan in 1,344 healthy participants including 633 from the Human Connectome Project (HCP)-Development cohort (294 males and 339 females, age range 8-21 yr) and 711 healthy participants from HCP-Aging cohort (316 males and 395 females, 36-90 yr old). In both groups, we found that 1) TBOLD increased with age, 2) volume decreased with age, and 3) TBOLD and volume were highly significantly negatively correlated, independent of age. The inverse association between TBOLD and volume was documented in nearly all 70 brain areas and for both sexes, with slightly stronger associations documented for males. The strong correspondence between TBOLD and volume across age and sex suggests a common influence such as chronic neuroinflammation contributing to reduced cortical volume and increased TBOLD across the lifespan.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report a significant negative association between resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal turnover (TBOLD) and cortical gray matter volume across the lifespan, such that TBOLD increased whereas volume decreased. We attribute this association to a hypothesized chronic, low-grade neuroinflammation, probably induced by various neurotropic pathogens, including human herpes viruses known to be dormant in the brain in a latent state and reactivated by stress, fever, and various environmental exposures, such as ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peka Christova
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The Neuroimaging Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Cognitive Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Lisa M James
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The Neuroimaging Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Cognitive Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The Neuroimaging Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Cognitive Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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9
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Kaplish D, Vagha JD, Meshram RJ, Lohiya S. A Comprehensive Review of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions. Cureus 2024; 16:e53558. [PMID: 38445143 PMCID: PMC10913844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy, tracing its historical evolution, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, challenges, and future directions. The nitric oxide signaling pathway, characterized by vasodilatory effects and anti-inflammatory properties, forms the foundation of iNO's therapeutic efficacy. Clinical applications are found in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, showcasing its versatility. However, challenges, including cost considerations, technical intricacies, safety concerns, and resistance, highlight the nuanced landscape surrounding iNO therapy. Implications for clinical practice underscore the need for a tailored and evidence-based approach, considering individual patient characteristics and indications. Recommendations for future research emphasize ongoing exploration, novel indications, and the development of targeted therapies. In conclusion, this review positions iNO as a dynamic and adaptable intervention, poised to reshape therapeutic strategies and enhance patient outcomes in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi Kaplish
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jayant D Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sham Lohiya
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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10
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Gubert C, Kong G, Costello C, Adams CD, Masson BA, Qin W, Choo J, Narayana VK, Rogers G, Renoir T, Furness JB, Hannan AJ. Dietary fibre confers therapeutic effects in a preclinical model of Huntington's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:404-418. [PMID: 38142919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving psychiatric, cognitive and motor deficits, as well as peripheral symptoms, including gastrointestinal dysfunction. The R6/1 HD mouse model expresses a mutant human huntingtin transgene and has been shown to provide an accurate disease model. Recent evidence of gut microbiome disruption was shown in preclinical and clinical HD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential role of gut microbial modulation in the treatment of HD. The R6/1 HD mice and wild-type littermate controls were randomised to receive diets containing different amounts of fibre: high-fibre (10 % fibre), control (5 % fibre), or zero-fibre (0 % fibre), from 6 to 20 weeks of age. We characterized the onset and progression of motor, cognitive and affective deficits, as well as gastrointestinal function and gut morphological changes. Faeces were collected for gut microbiome profiling using 16S rRNA sequencing, at 14 and 20 weeks of age. When compared to the control diet, high-fibre diet improved the performance of HD mice in behavioral tests of cognitive and affective function, as well as the gastrointestinal function of both HD and wild-type mice. While the diets changed the beta diversity of wild-type mice, no statistical significance was observed at 14 or 20 weeks of age within the HD mice. Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC) models were performed to evaluate microbiota composition, which identified differences, including a decreased relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteriota, Campylobacterota and Proteobacteria and an increased relative abundance of the families Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in HD mice when compared to wild-type mice after receiving high-fibre diet. PICRUSt2 revealed that high-fibre diet also decreased potentially pathogenic functional pathways in HD. In conclusion, high-fibre intake was effective in enhancing gastrointestinal function, cognition and affective behaviors in HD mice. These findings indicate that dietary fibre interventions may have therapeutic potential in Huntington's disease to delay clinical onset, and have implications for related disorders exhibiting dysfunction of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Callum Costello
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron D Adams
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bethany A Masson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Wendy Qin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia Bio21 Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Geraint Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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11
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Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. Virus-induced brain pathology and the neuroinflammation-inflammation continuum: the neurochemists view. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-023-02723-5. [PMID: 38261034 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fascinatingly, an abundance of recent studies has subscribed to the importance of cytotoxic immune mechanisms that appear to increase the risk/trigger for many progressive neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Events associated with the neuroinflammatory cascades, such as ageing, immunologic dysfunction, and eventually disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the "cytokine storm", appear to be orchestrated mainly through the activation of microglial cells and communication with the neurons. The inflammatory processes prompt cellular protein dyshomeostasis. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease share a common feature marked by characteristic pathological hallmarks of abnormal neuronal protein accumulation. These Lewy bodies contain misfolded α-synuclein aggregates in PD or in the case of AD, they are Aβ deposits and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Subsequently, these abnormal protein aggregates further elicit neurotoxic processes and events which contribute to the onset of neurodegeneration and to its progression including aggravation of neuroinflammation. However, there is a caveat for exclusively linking neuroinflammation with neurodegeneration, since it's highly unlikely that immune dysregulation is the only factor that contributes to the manifestation of many of these neurodegenerative disorders. It is unquestionably a complex interaction with other factors such as genetics, age, and environment. This endorses the "multiple hit hypothesis". Consequently, if the host has a genetic susceptibility coupled to an age-related weakened immune system, this makes them more susceptible to the virus/bacteria-related infection. This may trigger the onset of chronic cytotoxic neuroinflammatory processes leading to protein dyshomeostasis and accumulation, and finally, these events lead to neuronal destruction. Here, we differentiate "neuroinflammation" and "inflammation" with regard to the involvement of the blood-brain barrier, which seems to be intact in the case of neuroinflammation but defect in the case of inflammation. There is a neuroinflammation-inflammation continuum with regard to virus-induced brain affection. Therefore, we propose a staging of this process, which might be further developed by adding blood- and CSF parameters, their stage-dependent composition and stage-dependent severeness grade. If so, this might be suitable to optimise therapeutic strategies to fight brain neuroinflammation in its beginning and avoid inflammation at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeswinder Sian-Hulsmann
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Peter Riederer
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, J.B, Denmark.
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12
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Stamp MEM, Halwes M, Nisbet D, Collins DJ. Breaking barriers: exploring mechanisms behind opening the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:87. [PMID: 38017530 PMCID: PMC10683235 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the bloodstream from the brain. While useful for protecting neural tissue from harmful substances, brain-related diseases are difficult to treat due to this barrier, as it also limits the efficacy of drug delivery. To address this, promising new approaches for enhancing drug delivery are based on disrupting the BBB using physical means, including optical/photothermal therapy, electrical stimulation, and acoustic/mechanical stimulation. These physical mechanisms can temporarily and locally open the BBB, allowing drugs and other substances to enter. Focused ultrasound is particularly promising, with the ability to focus energies to targeted, deep-brain regions. In this review, we examine recent advances in physical approaches for temporary BBB disruption, describing their underlying mechanisms as well as evaluating the utility of these physical approaches with regard to their potential risks and limitations. While these methods have demonstrated efficacy in disrupting the BBB, their safety, comparative efficacy, and practicality for clinical use remain an ongoing topic of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E M Stamp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael Halwes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Nisbet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Ibrahim KM, Ahmed HI, Ramadan L, Balah A. A low dose of naloxone mitigates autoimmune hepatitis by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2467-2478. [PMID: 37661242 PMCID: PMC10518291 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Naloxone is a non-selective opiate receptor antagonist that is mainly used in the management of acute opioid overdose or intoxication. Previously, naloxone has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Concanavalin A (Con A) model is a common and well established animal model of autoimmune hepatitis that closely resembles the pathological alterations that occur in human. The present study demonstrates that a low dose of naloxone (LD NX) has the ability to improve hepatic function and attenuate hepatic damage induced by Con A as indicated by a clear reduction in serum aminotransferase, bilirubin and enhancement of albumin production as well as liver pathological changes. Also, The proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon- γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were highly suppressed in animals pretreated with LD NX via interference with TLR4/NF-κB as well as JNK signaling pathways. Furthermore, oxidative stress was highly attenuated in animals pretreated with LD NX as indicated by high reduction in hepatic MDA and an increase in Nrf2, HO-1 expression and subsequent production of the endogenous antioxidants, SOD, CAT and GSH. Collectively, this study demonstrates that LD NX has the ability to mitigate Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis via modulation of inflammatory cytokines secretion and interference with reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Magdy Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Balah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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14
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Lee HY, Park YM, Hwang HM, Shin DY, Jeong HN, Kim JG, Park HY, Kim DS, Yoo JJ, Kim MS, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Choi SC, Lee IA. The Effect of the Mixed Extract of Kalopanax pictus Nakai and Achyranthes japonica Nakai on the Improvement of Degenerative Osteoarthritis through Inflammation Inhibition in the Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6395-6414. [PMID: 37623223 PMCID: PMC10453891 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and, due to the lack of fundamental treatment, the main objective is to alleviate pain and prevent cartilage damage. Kalopanax pictus Nakai and Achyranthes japonica Nakai are herbal plants known for their excellent anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study is to confirm the potential of a mixture extract of Kalopanax pictus Nakai and Achyranthes japonica Nakai as a functional raw material for improving osteoarthritis through anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and MIA-induced arthritis experimental animals. In macrophages inflamed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), treatment of Kalopanax pictus Nakai and Achyranthes japonica Nakai mixture inhibits NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities, thereby inhibiting inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), inflammatory factors PGE2, MMP-2, and MMP-9, and nitric oxide (NO) was reduced. In addition, in an animal model of arthritis induced by MIA (monosodium iodoacetate), administration of Kalopanax pictus Nakai and Achyranthes japonica Nakai mixture reduced blood levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2(PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), and NO. Through these anti-inflammatory effects, MIA-induced pain reduction (recovery of clinical index, increase in weight bearing, and increase in area and width of the foot), recovery of meniscus damage, loss of cartilage tissue or inflammatory cells in tissue infiltration reduction, and recovery of the proteglycan layer were confirmed. Therefore, it is considered that Kalopanax pictus Nakai and Achyranthes japonica Nakai mixture has the potential as a functional raw material that promotes joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Yong Lee
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Young-Mi Park
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Hai-Min Hwang
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Han-Na Jeong
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Jae-Gon Kim
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Hyo-Yeon Park
- INVIVO Co., Ltd., Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-M.P.); (H.-M.H.); (D.-Y.S.); (H.-N.J.); (J.-G.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Central Research and Development, Hanpoong Pharm & Foods, Wanju 55314, Republic of Korea; (D.-S.K.); (J.-J.Y.)
| | - Jin-Joo Yoo
- Central Research and Development, Hanpoong Pharm & Foods, Wanju 55314, Republic of Korea; (D.-S.K.); (J.-J.Y.)
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.-J.K.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.-J.K.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Hye-Jeong Yang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.-J.K.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Soo-Cheol Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ah Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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15
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Shehata MK, Ismail AA, Kamel MA. Combined Donepezil with Astaxanthin via Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Effective Delivery to Brain for Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4193-4227. [PMID: 37534058 PMCID: PMC10391537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Donepezil (DPL), a specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is used as a first-line treatment to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it might have a disease modifying effect. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural potent antioxidant with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) co-loaded with donepezil and astaxanthin (DPL/AST-NLCs) and evaluate their in vivo efficacy in an AD-like rat model 30 days after daily intranasal administration. Methods DPL/AST-NLCs were prepared using a hot high-shear homogenization technique, in vitro examined for their physicochemical parameters and in vivo evaluated. AD induction in rats was performed by aluminum chloride. The cortex and hippocampus were isolated from the brain of rats for biochemical testing and histopathological examination. Results DPL/AST-NLCs showed z-average diameter 149.9 ± 3.21 nm, polydispersity index 0.224 ± 0.017, zeta potential -33.7 ± 4.71 mV, entrapment efficiency 81.25 ±1.98% (donepezil) and 93.85 ±1.75% (astaxanthin), in vitro sustained release of both donepezil and astaxanthin for 24 h, spherical morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and they were stable at 4-8 ± 2°C for six months. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that donepezil and astaxanthin were molecularly dispersed in the NLC matrix in an amorphous state. The DPL/AST-NLC-treated rats showed significantly lower levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, malondialdehyde, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1, caspase-3, amyloid beta (Aβ1‑42), and acetylcholinesterase, and significantly higher levels of glutathione and acetylcholine in the cortex and hippocampus than the AD-like untreated rats and that treated with donepezil-NLCs. DPL/AST-NLCs showed significantly higher anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, resulting in significant improvement in the cortical and hippocampal histopathology. Conclusion Nose-to-brain delivery of DPL/AST-NLCs is a promising strategy for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem A Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Vasu D, Do HT, Li H, Hardy CD, Awasthi A, Poulos TL, Silverman RB. Potent, Selective, and Membrane Permeable 2-Amino-4-Substituted Pyridine-Based Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9934-9953. [PMID: 37433128 PMCID: PMC10824152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of potent, selective, and highly permeable human neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors (hnNOS), based on a difluorobenzene ring linked to a 2-aminopyridine scaffold with different functionalities at the 4-position, is reported. In our efforts to develop novel nNOS inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, we discovered 17, which showed excellent potency toward both rat (Ki 15 nM) and human nNOS (Ki 19 nM), with 1075-fold selectivity over human eNOS and 115-fold selectivity over human iNOS. 17 also showed excellent permeability (Pe = 13.7 × 10-6 cm s-1), a low efflux ratio (ER 0.48), along with good metabolic stability in mouse and human liver microsomes, with half-lives of 29 and >60 min, respectively. X-ray cocrystal structures of inhibitors bound with three NOS enzymes, namely, rat nNOS, human nNOS, and human eNOS, revealed detailed structure-activity relationships for the observed potency, selectivity, and permeability properties of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjayan Vasu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ha T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Huiying Li
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Christine D. Hardy
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Amardeep Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Thomas L. Poulos
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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17
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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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18
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Yin T, Liu Y, Ji W, Zhuang J, Chen X, Gong B, Chu J, Liang W, Gao J, Yin Y. Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A state-of-the-art multifunctional weapon against Alzheimer's disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:1264-1285. [PMID: 36923533 PMCID: PMC10008732 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase of population aging, the number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is also increasing. According to current estimates, approximately 11% of people over 65 suffer from AD, and that percentage rises to 42% among people over 85. However, no effective treatment capable of decelerating or stopping AD progression is available. Furthermore, AD-targeted drugs composed of synthetic molecules pose concerns regarding biodegradation, clearance, immune response, and neurotoxicity. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are essential intercellular communication mediators holding great promise as AD therapeutics owing to their biocompatibility, versatility, effortless storage, superior safety, and the ability to transport messenger and noncoding RNAs, proteins, lipids, DNAs, and other bioactive compounds derived from cells. The functionalisation and engineering strategies of MSC-EVs are highlighted (e.g. preconditioning, drug loading, surface modification, and artificial EV fabrication), which could improve AD treatment by multiple therapeutic effects, including clearing abnormal protein accumulation and achieving neuroprotection and immunomodulatory effects. Herein, this review summarises state-of-the-art strategies to engineer MSC-EVs, discusses progress in their use as AD therapeutics, presents the perspectives and challenges associated with the related clinical applications, and concludes that engineered MSC-EVs show immense potential in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital; Clinical pharmacy innovation institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Baofeng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianjian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wendanqi Liang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai 200003, China
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19
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Kumar P. miRNA dysregulation in traumatic brain injury and epilepsy: a systematic review to identify putative biomarkers for post-traumatic epilepsy. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:749-765. [PMID: 36715879 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE); hence, both TBI and PTE share various similar molecular mechanisms. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA that acts as a gene-silencing molecule. Notably, the dysregulation of miRNAs in various neurological diseases, including TBI and epilepsy, has been reported in several studies. However, studies on commonly dysregulated miRNAs and the regulation of shared pathways in both TBI and epilepsy that can identify potential biomarkers of PTE are still lacking. This systematic review covers the peer-review publications of TBI and database studies of epilepsy-dysregulated miRNAs of clinical studies. For TBI, 290 research articles were identified after screening, and 12 provided data for dysregulated miRNAs in humans. The compiled data suggest that 85 and 222 miRNAs are consecutively dysregulated in TBI and epilepsy. In both, 10 miRNAs were found to be commonly dysregulated, implying that they are potentially dysregulated miRNAs for PTE. Furthermore, the targets and involvement of each putative miRNA in different pathways were identified and evaluated. Additionally, clusters of predicted miRNAs were analyzed. Each miRNA's regulatory role was linked with apoptosis, inflammation, and cell cycle regulation pathways. Hence, these findings provide insight for future diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Kumar
- Department of Central Sophisticated Instrumentation Cell, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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20
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Behl T, Rana T, Sehgal A, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bhatia S, Sachdeva M. Phytochemicals targeting nitric oxide signaling in neurodegenerative diseases. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:1-11. [PMID: 36375788 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of diseases in which slow and progressive neuronal loss occurs. Nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter performs key roles in the stimulation and blockade of various inflammatory processes. Although physiological NO is necessary for protection against a variety of pathogens, reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress induces inflammatory cascades and apoptosis. Activation of glial cells particularly astrocytes and microglia induce overproduction of NO, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, inhibiting the overproduction of NO is a beneficial therapeutic approach for numerous neuroinflammatory conditions. Several compounds have been explored for the management of neurodegenerative disorders, but they have minor symptomatic benefits and several adverse effects. Phytochemicals have currently gained more consideration owing to their ability to reduce the overproduction of NO in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, phytochemicals are generally considered to be safe and beneficial. The mechanisms of NO generation and their implications in neurodegenerative disorders are explored in this review article, as well as several newly discovered phytochemicals that might have NO inhibitory activity. The current review could aid in the discovery of new anti-neuroinflammatory drugs that can suppress NO generation, particularly during neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Punjab, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Science, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Tian ZR, Huang H, Feng L, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Neuroprotective Effects of Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies to Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Brain Pathology Following Alzheimer's Disease Exacerbated by Concussive Head Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:139-192. [PMID: 37480461 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Concussive head injury (CHI) is one of the major risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in military personnel at later stages of life. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in CHI leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta protein (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments precipitating AD brain pathology. Oxidative stress in CHI or AD is likely to enhance production of nitric oxide indicating a role of its synthesizing enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in brain pathology. Thus, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD or CHI reducing NOS upregulation for neuroprotection are emerging. Recent research shows that stem cells and neurotrophic factors play key roles in CHI-induced aggravation of AD brain pathologies. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that CHI exacerbates AD brain pathology in model experiments. Accordingly, it is quite likely that nanodelivery of NOS antibodies together with cerebrolysin and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) will induce superior neuroprotection in AD associated with CHI. In this review, co-administration of TiO2 nanowired cerebrolysin - a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, together with MSCs and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to neuronal NOS is investigated for superior neuroprotection following exacerbation of brain pathology in AD exacerbated by CHI based on our own investigations. Our observations show that nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin, MSCs and neuronal NOS in combination induces superior neuroprotective in brain pathology in AD exacerbated by CHI, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Steinert JR, Amal H. The contribution of an imbalanced redox signalling to neurological and neurodegenerative conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:71-83. [PMID: 36435368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and other redox active molecules such as oxygen free radicals provide essential signalling in diverse neuronal functions, but their excess production and insufficient scavenging induces cytotoxic redox stress which is associated with numerous neurodegenerative and neurological conditions. A further component of redox signalling is mediated by a homeostatic regulation of divalent metal ions, the imbalance of which contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Additional antioxidant molecules such as glutathione and enzymes such as super oxide dismutase are involved in maintaining a physiological redox status within neurons. When cellular processes are perturbed and generation of free radicals overwhelms the antioxidants capacity of the neurons, a resulting redox damage leads to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Cellular sources for production of redox-active molecules may include NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide (NO)-generating enzymes, such as endothelial, neuronal and inducible NO synthases. Several neurodegenerative and developmental neurological conditions are associated with an imbalanced redox state as a result of neuroinflammatory processes leading to nitrosative and oxidative stress. Ongoing research aims at understanding the causes and consequences of such imbalanced redox homeostasis and its role in neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern R Steinert
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2NR, UK.
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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23
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Mushroom Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233938. [PMID: 36497196 PMCID: PMC9740391 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of drugs available to treat neurodegenerative diseases is limited. Most of these drug's efficacy is restricted by individual genetics and disease stages and usually do not prevent neurodegeneration acting long after irreversible damage has already occurred. Thus, drugs targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying subsequent neurodegeneration have the potential to negate symptom manifestation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and is associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn leads to neurodegeneration. Inflammasome activation and oligomerisation is suggested to be a major driver of disease progression occurring in microglia. With several natural products and natural product derivatives currently in clinical trials, mushrooms have been highlighted as a rich and largely untapped source of biologically active compounds in both in vitro and in vivo neurodegenerative disease models, partially supported by successful clinical trial evaluations. Additionally, novel high-throughput methods for the screening of natural product compound libraries are being developed to help accelerate the neurodegenerative disease drug discovery process, targeting neuroinflammation. However, the breadth of research relating to mushroom natural product high-throughput screening is limited, providing an exciting opportunity for further detailed investigations.
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24
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Impact of Reactive Species on Amino Acids-Biological Relevance in Proteins and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214049. [PMID: 36430532 PMCID: PMC9692786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogens RHS) on various amino acids, analyzed from a reactive point of view of how during these reactions, the molecules are hydroxylated, nitrated, or halogenated such that they can lose their capacity to form part of the proteins or peptides, and can lose their function. The reactions of the RS with several amino acids are described, and an attempt was made to review and explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the hydroxylated, nitrated, and halogenated derivatives. One aim of this work is to provide a theoretical analysis of the amino acids and derivatives compounds in the possible positions. Tyrosine, methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan can react with the harmful peroxynitrite or •OH and •NO2 radicals and glycine, serine, alanine, valine, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, glutamine and asparagine can react with hypochlorous acid HOCl. These theoretical results may help to explain the loss of function of proteins subjected to these three types of reactive stresses. We hope that this work can help to assess the potential damage that reactive species can cause to free amino acids or the corresponding residues when they are part of peptides and proteins.
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25
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Li B, Wang M, Chen S, Li M, Zeng J, Wu S, Tu Y, Li Y, Zhang R, Huang F, Tong X. Baicalin Mitigates the Neuroinflammation through the TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB and MAPK Pathways in LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3263446. [PMID: 36408278 PMCID: PMC9668451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3263446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is a major flavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has showed significant curative effects in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BA on antineuroinflammation and related signaling cascade in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced BV-2 microglial model. The results showed that BA significantly attenuated inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, and PGE2) and suppressed the expression of miR-155. More crucially, BA could regulate the expression of related proteins in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and suppress the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. In addition, molecular docking analysis indicated that BA binds to the amino acids Lie 63 and Tyr 65 of TLR4 by π-σ and π-π T-shaped interaction. Thus, BA suppressed the LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia by blocking the TLR4-mediated signal transduction through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MAPK pathways and inhibiting the miR-155 expression. Our findings demonstrated that BA could be a valuable therapeutic for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Manping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saichun Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyun Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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26
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De Simone G, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Strategies of Pathogens to Escape from NO-Based Host Defense. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2176. [PMID: 36358549 PMCID: PMC9686644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule present in most living organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. NO participates in a wide range of biological processes including vasomotor tone, neurotransmission, and immune response. However, NO is highly reactive and can give rise to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that, in turn, can modify a broad range of biomolecules. Much evidence supports the critical role of NO in the virulence and replication of viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi, thus representing a general mechanism of host defense. However, pathogens have developed different mechanisms to elude the host NO and to protect themselves against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Here, the strategies evolved by viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi to escape from the NO-based host defense are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
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27
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Meng-zhen S, Ju L, Lan-chun Z, Cai-feng D, Shu-da Y, Hao-fei Y, Wei-yan H. Potential therapeutic use of plant flavonoids in AD and PD. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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28
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Manzoor S, Prajapati SK, Majumdar S, Khurana S, Krishnamurthy S, Hoda N. Pharmacological Investigations of Selected Multitarget‐Direct Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India- 110025
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, U.P India- 221005
| | - Shreyasi Majumdar
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, U.P India- 221005
| | - Shilpi Khurana
- Department of Chemistry Deshbandhu College Kalkaji Main Rd, Block H, Kalkaji New Delhi India- 110019
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, U.P India- 221005
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India- 110025
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29
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Owumi SE, Najophe ES, Otunla MT. 3-Indolepropionic acid prevented chlorpyrifos-induced hepatorenal toxicities in rats by improving anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-apoptotic responses and abating DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74377-74393. [PMID: 35644820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide to control insects, is associated with oxidative stress and reduced quality of life in humans and animals. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is a by-product of tryptophan metabolism with high antioxidant capacity and has the potential to curb CPF-mediated toxicities in the hepatorenal system of rats. It is against this background that we explored the subacute exposure of CPF and the effect of IPA in the liver and kidney of thirty rats using five cohort experimental designs (n = 6) consisting of control (corn oil 2 mL/kg body weight), CPF alone (5 mg/kg), IPA alone (50 mg/kg), CPF + IPA1 (5 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg), and CPF + IPA2 (5 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg). Subsequently, we evaluated biomarkers of hepatorenal damage, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis by spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Our results showed that co-treatment with IPA decreased CPF-upregulated serum hepatic transaminases, creatinine, and urea; reversed CPF downregulation of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, Trx, TRx-R, and TSH; and abated CPF upregulation of XO, MPO, RONS, and LPO. Co-treatment with IPA decreased CPF-upregulated IL-1β and 8-OHdG levels, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities, and increased IL-10. In addition, IPA averts CPF-induced histological changes in the liver and kidney of rats. Our results demonstrate that co-dosing CPF-exposed rats with IPA can significantly decrease CPF-induced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory responses, DNA damage, and subsequent pro-apoptotic responses in rats' liver and kidneys. Therefore, supplementing tryptophan-derived endogenous IPA from exogenous sources may help avert toxicity occasioned by inadvertent exposure to harmful chemicals, including CPF-induced systemic perturbation of liver and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Room NB 302, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria.
| | - Eseroghene S Najophe
- Nutrition and Industrial Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Moses T Otunla
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Room NB 302, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
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30
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Siervo M, Babateen A, Alharbi M, Stephan B, Shannon O. Dietary nitrate and brain health. Too much ado about nothing or a solution for dementia prevention? Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1130-1136. [PMID: 36688430 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a significant public health priority with approximately 55 million cases worldwide, and this number is predicted to quadruple by 2050. Adherence to a healthy diet and achieving optimal nutritional status are vital strategies to improve brain health. The importance of this area of research has been consolidated into the new term ‘nutritional psychiatry’. Dietary nitrate, closely associated with the intake of fruits and vegetables, is a compound that is increased in dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean and MIND diets and has protective effects on cognition and brain health. Nitrate is characterised by a complex metabolism and is the precursor of the nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide (NO) pathway contributing to systemic NO generation. A higher intake of dietary nitrate has been linked to protective effects on vascular outcomes including blood pressure and endothelial function. However, the current evidence supporting the protective effects of dietary nitrate on brain health is less convincing. This article aims to provide a critical appraisal of the current evidence for dietary nitrate supplementation for improving brain health and provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abrar Babateen
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushari Alharbi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blossom Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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31
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the hyperuricemia risk from certain metals. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:3641-3660. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Sušjan-Leite P, Ramuta TŽ, Boršić E, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I. Supramolecular organizing centers at the interface of inflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940969. [PMID: 35979366 PMCID: PMC9377691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involves the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. These deposits are both directly toxic to neurons, invoking loss of cell connectivity and cell death, and recognized by innate sensors that upon activation release neurotoxic cytokines, chemokines, and various reactive species. This neuroinflammation is propagated through signaling cascades where activated sensors/receptors, adaptors, and effectors associate into multiprotein complexes known as supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the SMOCs, involved in neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, such as myddosomes, inflammasomes, and necrosomes, their assembly, and evidence for their involvement in common neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the multifaceted role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neurodegeneration. Recent progress in the understanding of particular SMOC participation in common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease offers novel therapeutic strategies for currently absent disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sušjan-Leite
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elvira Boršić
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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33
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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34
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Sági-Kazár M, Solymosi K, Solti Á. Iron in leaves: chemical forms, signalling, and in-cell distribution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1717-1734. [PMID: 35104334 PMCID: PMC9486929 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential transition metal. Based on its redox-active nature under biological conditions, various Fe compounds serve as cofactors in redox enzymes. In plants, the photosynthetic machinery has the highest demand for Fe. In consequence, the delivery and incorporation of Fe into cofactors of the photosynthetic apparatus is the focus of Fe metabolism in leaves. Disturbance of foliar Fe homeostasis leads to impaired biosynthesis of chlorophylls and composition of the photosynthetic machinery. Nevertheless, mitochondrial function also has a significant demand for Fe. The proper incorporation of Fe into proteins and cofactors as well as a balanced intracellular Fe status in leaf cells require the ability to sense Fe, but may also rely on indirect signals that report on the physiological processes connected to Fe homeostasis. Although multiple pieces of information have been gained on Fe signalling in roots, the regulation of Fe status in leaves has not yet been clarified in detail. In this review, we give an overview on current knowledge of foliar Fe homeostasis, from the chemical forms to the allocation and sensing of Fe in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Sági-Kazár
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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35
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Searching for a Longevity Food, We Bump into Hericium erinaceus Primordium Rich in Ergothioneine: The “Longevity Vitamin” Improves Locomotor Performances during Aging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061177. [PMID: 35334834 PMCID: PMC8950371 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic frailty is characterized by a progressive decline in physical functioning. During ageing, morphological and functional alterations involve the brain, and chief theories involve oxidative stress, free radical accumulation, and reduced antioxidant defenses as the most implicated mechanisms. From boosting the immune system to fighting senescence, medicinal mushrooms have been found to have a number of health and longevity benefits. Among them, Hericium erinaceus (He) has been demonstrated to display a variety of physiological effects, including anti-aging properties. Thus, He represents an attractive natural source for developing novel medicines and functional foods, based on the identification of its active ingredients and metabolites. Particularly, H. erinaceus primordium (He2) extract contains a high amount of Ergothioneine (ERGO), the longevity vitamin. Herein, we revealed the preventive effect of ERGO-rich He2 extract in a preclinical model, focusing on locomotor decline during ageing monitored through spontaneous behavioral test. This effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in some oxidative stress markers (NOS2, COX2) paralleled by an increase in P53, showed in cerebellar cortex cells and fibres by immunohistochemistry. In summary, we demonstrated the neuro-protective and preventive effects of He2 extract during aging, probably due to its peculiarly high ERGO content.
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Qu W, Cheng Y, Peng W, Wu Y, Rui T, Luo C, Zhang J. Targeting iNOS Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Promoting Ferroptosis of M1 Microglia and Reducing Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3124-3139. [PMID: 35262869 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of neuroinflammation in mediating acute pathophysiological events of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, it is not clear how to target this inflammatory cascade after SAH. M1 activation of microglia is an important pathological mechanism driving neuroinflammation in SAH, which is considered aggressive, leading to cytotoxicity and robust inflammation related to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines after SAH. Thus, reducing the number of M1 microglia represents a potential target for therapies to improve outcomes after SAH. Previous studies have found that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NO•) plays an essential role in promoting the survival of M1 microglia by blocking ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent cellular procedural death associated with pathological cell death related to mammalian degenerative diseases, cerebral hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. Here, we investigated the effect of L-NIL, an inhibitor of iNOS, on M1 microglia, neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, brain edema, and neurological function in an experimental SAH model in vivo and in vitro. We found that L-NIL reduced the number of M1 microglia and alleviated neuroinflammation following SAH. Notably, treatment with L-NIL relieves brain edema and neuronal injury and improves outcomes of neurological function after SAH in rats. Mechanistically, we found that L-NIL inhibited the expression of iNOS and promoted ferroptosis of M1 microglia by increasing the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins and lipid peroxidation in an in vitro model of SAH, which was reversed by a ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin-1. In addition, inhibiting iNOS had no significant effect on ferroptosis of neurons after oxyhemoglobin stimulation in vitro. Thus, our research demonstrated that inhibition of iNOS might represent a potential therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes after SAH by promoting ferroptosis of M1 microglia and reducing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongyu Rui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Resveratrol-based compounds and neurodegeneration: Recent insight in multitarget therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Guerra-Vázquez CM, Martínez-Ávila M, Guajardo-Flores D, Antunes-Ricardo M. Punicic Acid and Its Role in the Prevention of Neurological Disorders: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:252. [PMID: 35159404 PMCID: PMC8834450 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). NDs are characterized by progressive damage and death of nerve cells accompanied by high levels of inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress conditions. Punicic acid, the main bioactive component of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil, is an omega-5 isomer of conjugated α-linoleic acid that has shown strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that contributes towards its positive effect against a wide arrange of diseases. Punicic acid decreases oxidative damage and inflammation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In addition, it can reduce beta-amyloid deposits formation and tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and the inhibition of calpain hyperactivation. Microencapsulated pomegranate, with high levels of punicic acid, increases antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Likewise, encapsulated pomegranate formulations with high levels of punicic acid have shown an increase in the antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Because of the limited brain permeability of punicic acid, diverse delivery formulations have been developed to enhance the biological activity of punicic acid in the brain, diminishing neurological disorders symptoms. Punicic acid is an important nutraceutical compound in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey C.P. 64849, NL, Mexico; (C.M.G.-V.); (M.M.-Á.); (D.G.-F.)
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Vishnyakova PA, Moiseev KY, Porseva VV, Pankrasheva LG, Budnik AF, Nozdrachev AD, Masliukov PM. Somatostatin-Expressing Neurons in the Tuberal Region of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Long-Term Pharmacological Inhibition of the Activity of All NOS Isoforms Rather Than Genetic Knock-Out of Endothelial NOS Leads to Impaired Spatial Learning and Memory in C57BL/6 Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121905. [PMID: 34944725 PMCID: PMC8698888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence points to a link between arterial stiffness and rapid cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism linking the two diseases is still unknown. The importance of nitric oxide synthases in both diseases is well-defined. In this study, we introduced arterial stiffness in both genetic (eNOS−/−, endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout) and pharmacological (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment) NO dysfunction models to study their association with cognitive decline. Our findings demonstrate that the non-selective inhibition of NOS activity with L-NAME induces cardiac dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and a decline in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. This outcome demonstrates the importance of neuronal NOS (nNOS) in both cardiovascular and neurological pathophysiology and its potential contribution in the convergence between arterial stiffness and cognitive decline.
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Wang XJ, Yu SZ, Xin JL, Pan LL, Xiong J, Hu JF. Further terpenoids from the Chloranthaceae plant Chloranthus multistachys and their anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2021; 156:105068. [PMID: 34715153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three labdane-type [multisins A-C (1-3)], two guaiane-type [multisins D (4) and E (5)], and one eudesmane-type [multisin F (6)] previously undescribed terpenoids, together with 14 mono- (7-20) and seven dimeric- (21-27) known terpenoids, were isolated from the 90% MeOH extract of the whole plant of Chloranthus multistachys. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 4 and 5 are rare trinor-sesquiterpenes with a de-isopropyl guaiane skeleton, whereas compound 6 is a rearranged dinor-eudesmene featuring an uncommon octahydro-1H-indene ring system. Among the isolates, the dimeric lindenane sesquiterpenoid shizukaol C (25) exhibited the most potent (IC50 = 8.04 μM) anti-neuroinflammatory activity by inhibiting the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV-2 microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Sheng-Zhou Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jun-Li Xin
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China.
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Bashkatova V. Metabotropic glutamate receptors and nitric oxide in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:830-840. [PMID: 34733645 PMCID: PMC8546773 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotoxicity is characterized by damage and death of dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms, as well as the search for new targets for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, is an important focus of modern neuroscience. PD is primarily caused by dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons; however, other neurotransmitter systems are also involved. Research reports have indicated that the glutamatergic system is involved in different pathological conditions, including dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Over the last two decades, the important functional interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems has stimulated interest in the possible role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the development of extrapyramidal disorders. However, the specific mechanisms driving these processes are presently unclear. The participation of the universal neuronal messenger nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotoxicity has attracted increased attention. The current paper aims to review the involvement of mGluRs and the contribution of NO to dopaminergic neurotoxicity. More precisely, we focused on studies conducted on the rotenone-induced PD model. This review is also an outline of our own results obtained using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance, which allows quantitation of NO radicals in brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bashkatova
- Laboratory of Physiology Reinforcements, Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
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Franzoni F, Scarfò G, Guidotti S, Fusi J, Asomov M, Pruneti C. Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Decline: The Neuroprotective Role of Natural Antioxidants. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:729757. [PMID: 34720860 PMCID: PMC8548611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.729757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free- radicals (Oxygen and Nitrogen species) are formed in mitochondria during the oxidative phosphorylation. Their high reactivity, due to not-engaged electrons, leads to an increase of the oxidative stress. This condition affects above all the brain, that usually needs a large oxygen amount and in which there is the major possibility to accumulate "Reacting Species." Antioxidant molecules are fundamental in limiting free-radical damage, in particular in the central nervous system: the oxidative stress, in fact, seems to worsen the course of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to sum up natural antioxidant molecules with the greatest neuroprotective properties against free radical genesis, understanding their relationship with the Central Nervous System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Guidotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Muzaffar Asomov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Madhi I, Kim JH, Shin JE, Kim Y. Ginsenoside Re exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation via CAMK/MAPK/NF‑κB signaling in microglia. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:698. [PMID: 34368872 PMCID: PMC8365412 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re (G-Re) is a panaxatriol saponin and one of the pharmacologically active natural constituents of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). G-Re has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of G-Re on neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia and its protective effects on hippocampal neurons. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Protein levels of inflammatory molecules and kinase activity were assessed by western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay; apoptosis was estimated by Annexin V apoptosis assay. The results revealed that G-Re significantly inhibited the production of IL-6, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO) and ROS in BV2 microglial cells, and that of NO in mouse primary microglia, without affecting cell viability. G-Re also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α. In addition, G-Re dose-dependently suppressed LPS-mediated phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK)2, CAMK4, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Moreover, the conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated microglial cells induced HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell death, whereas that from microglial cells incubated with both LPS and G-Re ameliorated HT22 cell death in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that G-Re suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by blocking CAMK/ERK/JNK/NF-κB signaling in microglial cells and protected hippocampal cells by reducing these inflammatory and neurotoxic factors released from microglial cells. The present findings indicated that G-Re may be a potential treatment option for neuroinflammatory disorders and could have therapeutic potential for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskander Madhi
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kim
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Shin
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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The Expression and Function of Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzyme in Atorvastatin Effects on Morphine-Induced Dependence in Mice. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.117122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Atorvastatin exerts neuroprotective effects on the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence remain as major concerns in medicine. Nitric oxide (NO) pathway mediates the development of opioid analgesic tolerance and dependence, as well as atorvastatin neuroprotection. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the possible involvement of the NO/cGMP pathway in the process of the effects of atorvastatin on morphine physical dependence. Methods: Dependence was induced by repetitive injection of morphine sulfate. Naloxone was injected at the dose of 4 mg/kg on the last day of the experiment to assess withdrawal signs. Animals received atorvastatin (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, orally). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and ODQ were injected before protective dose of atorvastatin. The gene expression of NOS isoforms was evaluated by real-time PCR. Thereafter, the hippocampal levels of cGMP and nitrite were measured. Results: Treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated naloxone-induced withdrawal behaviours. The administration of L-NAME, aminoguanidine, and ODQ before atorvastatin enhanced its effects. The treatment with atorvastatin significantly decreased the nitrite and cGMP levels as well as NOS gene expression in the hippocampus of dependent animals. Conclusions: It can be concluded that atorvastatin, possibly, through inducible NOS, could alleviate morphine dependence and withdrawal signs.
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Yu W, Ying J, Wang X, Liu X, Zhao T, Yoon S, Zheng Q, Fang Y, Yang D, Hua F. The Involvement of Lactosylceramide in Central Nervous System Inflammation Related to Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691230. [PMID: 34349634 PMCID: PMC8326838 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of slow-progressing terminal illnesses characterized by neuronal lesions, such as multiple sclerosis [MS, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]. Their incidence increases with age, and the associated burden on families and society will become increasingly more prominent with aging of the general population. In recent years, there is growing studies have shown that lactosylceramide (LacCer) plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegeneration, although these diseases have different pathogenic mechanisms and etiological characteristics. Based on latest research progress, this study expounds the pathogenic role of LacCer in driving central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, as well as the role of membrane microstructure domain (lipid rafts) and metabolite gangliosides, and discusses in detail their links with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, with a view to providing new strategies and ideas for the study of pathological mechanisms and drug development for neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Helping Minds International Charitable Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Song L, Bai H, Liu C, Gong W, Wang A, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Wang H. Synthesis, Biomacromolecular Interactions, Photodynamic NO Releasing and Cellular Imaging of Two [RuCl(qn)(Lbpy)(NO)]X Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092545. [PMID: 33925453 PMCID: PMC8123785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two light-activated NO donors [RuCl(qn)(Lbpy)(NO)]X with 8-hydroxyquinoline (qn) and 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives (Lbpy) as co-ligands were synthesized (Lbpy1 = 4,4′-dicarboxyl-2,2′-dipyridine, X = Cl− and Lbpy2 = 4,4′-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2′-dipyridine, X = NO3−), and characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), elemental analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectra. The [RuCl(qn)(Lbpy2)(NO)]NO3 complex was crystallized and exhibited distorted octahedral geometry, in which the Ru–N(O) bond length was 1.752(6) Å and the Ru–N–O angle was 177.6(6)°. Time-resolved FT-IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were used to confirm the photoactivated NO release of the complexes. The binding constant (Kb) of two complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) and DNA were quantitatively evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy, Ru-Lbpy1 (Kb~106 with HSA and ~104 with DNA) had higher affinity than Ru-Lbpy2. The interactions between the complexes and HSA were investigated using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and EPR spectra. HSA can be used as a carrier to facilitate the release of NO from the complexes upon photoirradiation. The confocal imaging of photo-induced NO release in living cells was successfully observed with a fluorescent NO probe. Moreover, the photocleavage of pBR322 DNA for the complexes and the effect of different Lbpy substituted groups in the complexes on their reactivity were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.S.); (H.B.); (C.L.); (W.G.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Hehe Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.S.); (H.B.); (C.L.); (W.G.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.S.); (H.B.); (C.L.); (W.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Wenjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.S.); (H.B.); (C.L.); (W.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Ai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.S.); (H.B.); (C.L.); (W.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Yi Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (L.S.); (H.B.); (C.L.); (W.G.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-351-7010699
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Targeting the crosstalk between canonical Wnt/β-catenin and inflammatory signaling cascades: A novel strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107876. [PMID: 33930452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging scientific evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical component of tumor promotion and progression. Most cancers originate from sites of chronic irritation, infections and inflammation, underscoring that the tumor microenvironment is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory molecules. These inflammatory components are intimately involved in neoplastic processes which foster proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration, making inflammation the primary target for cancer prevention and treatment. The influence of inflammation and the immune system on the progression and development of cancer has recently gained immense interest. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signaling strategy, has a critical role in regulating tissue development. It has been implicated as a major player in cancer development and progression with its regulatory role on inflammatory cascades. Many naturally-occurring and small synthetic molecules endowed with inherent anti-inflammatory properties inhibit this aberrant signaling pathway, making them a promising class of compounds in the fight against inflammatory cancers. This article analyzes available scientific evidence and suggests a crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inflammatory pathways in inflammatory cancers, especially breast, gastrointestinal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. We also highlight emerging experimental findings that numerous anti-inflammatory synthetic and natural compounds target the crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cascades to achieve cancer prevention and intervention. Current challenges, limitations, and future directions of research are also discussed.
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de Araújo Moreira MDR, Sales-Campos H, Fontanari C, Galvão Meireles AF, Borges Prado MK, Zoccal KF, Sorgi CA, Tefé da Silva C, Groppo M, Faccioli LH. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. bark reduces the inflammation through the modulation of cytokines and nitric oxide mediated by the downregulation of NF-κB. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113150. [PMID: 32730887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae), popularly known as "capitão do campo", is native from the Brazilian cerrado, which is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects, toxicity and mechanisms of action regarding the use of the hydroalcoholic extract of T. argentea bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Toxicity was determinate in vitro using the macrophage lineage J774.1 without LPS. Cells were treated with 0.5; 2; 8; 32 and 125 μg/mL of the plant extract. Cell viability was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. The production of nitrite and cytokines was also determined in the supernatants. A NF-κB reporter assay using RAW macrophages was employed to elucidate the impact of the plant extract on the expression of such molecule. In mice, toxicity was assessed by orally given an intermediate to high concentration of the plant extract on a single dose (1000 or 5000 mg/kg) or low and intermediate doses (300 or 1000 mg/kg) twice daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the air-pouch model with or without pre-inoculation with the inflammatory stimuli LPS (0.5 μg/mL), followed by treatment with plant extract at 5, 60 or 300 mg/kg administered in the air pouch (subcutaneous injection). After 4 h, mice were euthanized and the air pouches washed with 2 mL heparinized PBS (10 IU/mL). Then, the local production in the air pouch wash of cytokines, total proteins and leukocytes was assessed. RESULTS No signals of toxicity were observed either in cells or mice. Regardless the concentration used in vitro, the extract exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, as perceived by the reduction of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 and nitrites on cell supernatants. This was concomitant with a downregulation in NF-κB and elevated levels of IL-10. In mice, similar effects were observed, especially when the plant extract was given at 300 mg/kg, inhibiting the release of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and proteins, as well as increasing the release of IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract of T. argentea bark has anti-inflammatory activity without inducing toxicity in cells or living animals. This activity seems to be chiefly influenced by a downregulation in NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines and production of nitrite along with augmented concentration of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alyne Fávero Galvão Meireles
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Morgana Kelly Borges Prado
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karina Furlani Zoccal
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wu SC. Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11644-11664. [PMID: 33045827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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