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Wu Y, Zhong J, Wang J, Li H, Chen X, Xia X, Zhou J. Cinnamaldehyde protects SH-SY5Y cells against advanced glycation end-products induced ectopic cell cycle re-entry. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:1-8. [PMID: 39068030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the brain contributes significantly to cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes by disrupting the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, thereby triggering ectopic cell cycle re-entry (CCR) and subsequent neuronal apoptosis. Cinnamaldehyde (CINA), a potential mitigator of cognitive impairment due to its blood glucose-lowering properties, warrants exploration for its role in counteracting diabetes-related neurological damage. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of CINA on AGE-damaged SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated in vitro. We investigated the impact of CINA on AGE-induced neuronal CCR and apoptosis, finding that it substantially suppressed aberrant DNA replication, precluded cells from entering the mitotic preparatory phase, and diminished apoptosis. Additionally, CINA inhibited the expression of eIF4E without altering S6K1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that CINA safeguards neuronal cells from AGE-related damage by preventing abnormal CCR, preserving the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, and reducing AGE-induced apoptosis, potentially through the inhibition of eIF4E-controlled cell proliferation. Our results highlight the prospective utility of CINA in managing diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Hemei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xing Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Jinling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Prabhakar PK, Batiha GES. Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3167-3181. [PMID: 37125833 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230501172557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the lifelong chronic metabolic diseases which is prevalent globally. There is a continuous rise in the number of people suffering from this disease with time. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, which leads to severe damage to the body's system, such as blood vessels and nerves. Diabetes occurs due to the dysfunction of pancreatic β -cell which leads to the reduction in the production of insulin or body cells unable to use insulin produce efficiently. As per the data shared International diabetes federation (IDF), there are around 415 million affected by this disease worldwide. There are a number of hit targets available that can be focused on treating diabetes. There are many drugs available and still under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucokinase activator is emerging targets for type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes management can be supplemented with drug intervention for obesity. The antidiabetic drug sale is the second-largest in the world, trailing only that of cancer. The future of managing diabetes will be guided by research on various novel targets and the development of various therapeutic leads, such as GLP-1 agonists, DPP-IV inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors that have recently completed their different phases of clinical trials. Among these therapeutic targets associated with type 2 diabetes, this review focused on some common therapeutic targets for developing novel drug candidates of the newer generation with better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Nam T, Kim A, Oh Y. Effectiveness of Chickpeas on Blood Sugar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:4556. [PMID: 37960209 PMCID: PMC10647263 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects one in eleven adults globally, with rising cases in the past 30 years. Type 1 and type 2 cause blood sugar problems, increasing cardiovascular risks. Dietary control, including chickpeas, is suggested but needs more research. Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases for the randomized controlled trial efficacy of chickpea consumption to lower blood sugar levels to a healthy range, with data extraction and risk of bias assessment performed independently by two researchers. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, expressing continuous data as mean differences and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and a summary of the findings is provided considering the variations in study characteristics. A total of 118 articles were initially identified from seven databases, primarily from Anglo-American countries, resulting in 12 selected studies after the identification and screening processes. These studies involved 182 participants, focusing on healthy or normoglycemic adults, and assessed the effects of chickpeas compared to various foods such as wheat, potatoes, pasta, sauce, cheese, rice, and corn. A meta-analysis involving a subset of studies demonstrated that chickpeas were more effective in reducing blood glucose iAUC compared to potatoes and wheat. Chickpeas offer the potential for blood sugar control through low starch digestibility, high fiber, protein, and hormonal effects. Although insulin benefits are seen, statistical significance varies, supporting their role in diabetic diets focusing on nutrient-rich foods over processed carbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegwang Nam
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea;
| | - Anna Kim
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongtaek Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Republic of Korea;
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Alyahya AAI, Asad M, Alhussaini MS, Abdelsalam KEA, Alenezi EA. The antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescens seeds is mediated through multiple mechanisms of action. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:824-833. [PMID: 37228324 PMCID: PMC10203776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Holarrhena pubescens is widely used in Indian and Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes. The current work determined the oral hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects of seed extract in rats. The probable mechanism of action was evaluated in-vitro by α - glucosidase inhibition, glucose metabolism in insulinoma (INS-1) cells to reflect secretion of insulin, and protein glycation inhibition. Its potential for herb-drug interaction was evaluated in the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition assay. The seed extract increased serum insulin levels and reduced serum blood glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. It also reduced the serum glucose levels in streptozocin-induced diabetes. The extract also inhibited α -glucosidase enzyme activity and demonstrated that it can increase the secretion of insulin from INS to 1-rat insulinoma cell line cells in-vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it had a very weak inhibitory effect on protein glycation and it did not affect the activity of CYP3A4. The results of the study showed that H. pubescens seed extract increases insulin secretion and inhibits glucose absorption both in-vivo and in-vitro with a weak protein glycation inhibitory effect. The herb is devoid of CYP3A4 inhibitory effect indicating that it may not have pharmacokinetic interaction with the drug metabolized by this enzyme.
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Ullah I, Hassan M, Khan KM, Sajid M, Umar M, Hassan S, Ullah A, El-Serehy HA, Charifi W, Yasmin H. Thiourea derivatives inhibit key diabetes-associated enzymes and advanced glycation end-product formation as a treatment for diabetes mellitus. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:161-180. [PMID: 36565478 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B, and advanced glycated end product (AGEs). A cytotoxicity analysis was performed using rat L6 myotubes and molecular docking analysis was performed to map the binding interactions between the active compounds and α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The data revealed the potency of five compounds, including E (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethyl phenyl) thiourea), AG (1-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-3-(3-methoxy phenyl) thiourea), AF (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl) thiourea), AD (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl) thiourea), and AH (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2-iodophenyl) thiourea), showed activity against α-amylase. The corresponding percentage inhibitions were found to be 85 ± 1.9, 82 ± 0.7, 75 ± 1.2, 72 ± 0.4, and 65 ± 1.1%, respectively. These compounds were then screened using in vitro assays. Among them, AH showed the highest activity against α-glucosidase, AGEs, and PTP1B, with percentage inhibitions of 86 ± 0.4% (IC50 = 47.9 μM), 85 ± 0.7% (IC50 = 49.51 μM), and 85 ± 0.5% (IC50 = 79.74 μM), respectively. Compound AH showed an increased glucose uptake at a concentration of 100 μM. Finally, an in vivo study was conducted using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and PTP1B expression was assessed using real-time PCR. Additionally, we examined the hypoglycemic effect of compound AH in diabetic rats compared to the standard drug glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Said Hassan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciecnes, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Cochin Institute, University of Paris, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Chemical composition, Biological Activities and In Silico Evaluation of Essential Oils from the aerial, and root parts of Nepeta hindostana (B. Heyne ex Roth)-Haines Grown in North India. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thummajitsakul S, Piyaphan P, Khamthong S, Unkam M, Silprasit K. Comparison of FTIR fingerprint, phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-glucosidase activities among Phaseolus vulgaris L., Arachis hypogaea L. and Plukenetia volubilis L. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nikiforova EB, Davitavyan NA, Yakuba YF, Ismagilova DA, Ugrinovich KA, Nechaeva AG. Development of a Method for Assay of Flavonoids and Chlorhexidine in Medicinal Wound-Healing Pencil Formulations. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hoang T, Kim J. Phytonutrient supplements and metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4171-4182. [PMID: 33724587 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytonutrients exert several pharmacological effects on humans. In this study, we performed an umbrella review of the association of phytonutrient supplements (PNSs) with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Relevant published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library until July 4, 2020. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for summarized effects and I2 statistics of heterogeneity were extracted from individual studies or reanalyzed using a random-effects model. Of the 50 included studies, pooled effects of PNSs on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glycemic control were reported in 16, 25, and 14 articles, respectively. The findings appeared to be highly heterogeneous among individual trials of included systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ginger (WMD = -6.36 mmHg, 95% CI = -11.27, -1.46) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (WMD = -7.58 mmHg, 95% CI = -9.69, -5.46) were associated with lowered systolic blood pressure, whereas Aloe vera, Nigella sativa, and spirulina were associated with beneficial effects on both lipid profiles and glycemic control. In summary, this umbrella review has provided up-to-date evidence for the effect of PNSs on biomarkers related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. The results must be interpreted with caution due to potential heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Jiao X, Song J, Sui B, Guo Z, Zhao Y, Li J, Shi S, Huang Q. Therapeutic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth infusion into patients with type 2 diabetes depends on basal lipid levels and islet function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:956-967. [PMID: 33660433 PMCID: PMC8235136 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential in treating patients with diabetes, but the therapeutic effects are not always achieved. Particularly, the clinical factors regulating MSC therapy in this setting are largely unknown. In this study, 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with insulin were selected to receive three intravenous infusions of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) over the course of 6 weeks and were followed up for 12 months. We observed a significant reduction of glycosylated serum albumin level (P < .05) and glycosylated hemoglobin level (P < .05) after SHED transplantation. The total effective rate was 86.36% and 68.18%, respectively, at the end of treatment and follow‐up periods. Three patients ceased insulin injections after SHED transplantation. A steamed bread meal test showed that the serum levels of postprandial C‐peptide at 2 hours were significantly higher than those at the baseline (P < .05). Further analysis showed that patients with a high level of blood cholesterol and a low baseline level of C‐peptide had poor response to SHED transplantation. Some patients experienced a transient fever (11.11%), fatigue (4.17%), or rash (1.39%) after SHED transplantation, which were easily resolved. In summary, SHED infusion is a safe and effective therapy to improve glucose metabolism and islet function in patients with T2DM. Blood lipid levels and baseline islet function may serve as key factors contributing to the therapeutic outcome of MSC transplantation in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingji Zhao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Easter Greenland Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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The effect of spirulina on type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:883-892. [PMID: 34178867 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spirulina on lipid profiles and glycemic related markers in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August 2020. All clinical trials which investigated the effect of spirulina supplementation on glycemic related markers and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes patients were included. Random effects modeling was utilized for pooling analysis to compensate for the between-study heterogeneity. Results Eight studies (9 arms) were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (-17.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: -26.99, -8.78; I 2 : 25%), triglyceride (-30.99 mg/dl; 95% CI: -45.20, -16.77; I 2 : 50%), total-cholesterol (-18.47 mg/dl; 95% CI: -33.54, -3.39; I 2 : 73%), LDL-C (-20.04 mg/dl; 95% CI: -34.06, -6.02; I 2 : 75%), VLDL (-6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.71, -4.22; I 2 : 33%), in addition to a significant increase in HDL-C (-6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.71, -4.22; I 2 : 33%), after spirulina administration. No significant effect was observed on HbA1C or post prandial blood sugar following spirulina consumption. Conclusion The present study suggests that spirulina supplementation can elicit beneficial effects on fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profiles. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00760-z.
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